The hook effect in calcitonin immunoradiometric assay: a case report.

PubMed

Fangous, Marie-Sarah; Kerspern, Hélène; Moineau, Marie-Pierre; Kerlan, Véronique; Alavi, Zarrin; Carré, Jean-Luc

2012-12-01

The hook effect, which has long been detected and documented for immunoradiometric assays (IRMA) such as those measuring prolactin or thyroglobulin, occurs when the serum antigen level is extremely high, thus inducing a bias in the methodology of measurement. We report the case of an 80-year-old man with confirmed medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). In the case reported here, the clinical status of the patient contrasts with his tumor antigen, serum calcitonin (CT), concentrations. The measured increased CT concentrations revealed the presence of a hook effect. This phenomenon occurs due to an excess of antigen during the one-step IRMA where the signal antibodies, bound to the non-captured antigens, are washed out during the measurement, inducing the loss of signal. Aiming to prevent the "hook effect", successive dilutions of the same sample of serum were done. Previous studies have shown when one-step IRMA reveals high concentrations of a tumor serum antigen (i.e. prolactin or thyroglobulin), a two-step IRMA or a systematic 1:10 dilution of the serum sample prevents the formation of the "hook effect". In our case report, the CT "hook effect" formation was prevented by performing serial dilutions of the serum sample. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Venomous fish injuries along the Israeli Mediterranean coast: scope and characterization.

PubMed

Gweta, Simcha; Spanier, Ehud; Bentur, Yedidia

2008-11-01

Due to extensive activity at sea, certain human populations, especially fishermen, are exposed to direct contact with the sea's inhabitants, including dangerous marine animals. To characterize and assess the extent of injuries caused by marine organisms along the Mediterranean coast of Israel, their type, severity and the medical treatment given. Data were obtained from a survey on injuries from marine organisms conducted among professional fishermen along the Mediterranean coast of Israel and from medical records reporting toxicological consultations provided by the Israel Poison Information Center. Injuries caused by marine organisms are not rare in Israel, but most cases are not severe. The most common injuries reported by fishermen were caused by stingrays (30%), weever fish (22%), rabbit fish (13%), and marine catfish (10%) - a new Red Sea immigrant. Most fishermen tend to treat such injuries themselves and sought medical help only when an unknown venomous fish was involved. Most cases of severe toxicity were due to secondary infection. Data from the IPIC indicated that 64% of the calls were from the general public and the rest came from physicians in health care facilities. Four sources of injuries were identified: cleaning and preparing fish for consumption, during leisure water sport activities, handling marine aquaria, and fishing. Most cases from the IPIC were graded as minor severity (85%) and were treated symptomatically. We recommend that medical facilities be installed at the fishing anchorages and that a separate category be established for injuries by marine organisms to facilitate epidemiological data collection from health care facilities.

[Case-control study on shoulder pain caused by hook palte for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation].

PubMed

Yang, Ying-guo; Cai, Xiao-bing; Wang, Xiao-min; Zhu, Yong-gan; Pan, He-yong

2015-06-01

To explore causes of shoulder pain and propose prevention measures in treating acromioclavicular joint dislocation. From January 2005 to January 2013, 86 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Tossy III) were treated with hook plate fixation, and were divided into two groups. Bsaed on recovery of shoulder function mostly, the patients who suffered from rest pain, motion pain were named as shoulder pain group, while the patients without pain were named as painless group. In shoulder pain group, there were 21 cases including 15 males and and 6 females ranging the age from 22 to 62 years old with an average of (40.6±11.2) years old. There were 8 cases were on the left side and 13 cases were on the right side. In painless group, there were 65 cases including 36 males and and 29 females ranging the age from 19 to 65 years old with an average of (40.0±11.3) years old. There were 33 cases were on the left side and 32 cases were on the right side. The time from injury to operation ranged from 3 h to 8 d with an average of 34.6 h. Shoulder function of all patients were normal before injuried. Postoperative pain, activity of daily living (ADL), range of motion, deltoid muscle strength were compared. Anteflexion,rear protraction, abduction and upthrow of shoulder joint were also compared. Postoperative complications between two groups were observed and compared. All patients were followed up from 12 to 48 months with an average of 18.5 months. Constant-Murley score were used to evaluate clinical efficacy at the least following up, and 13 cases got an excellent results, 5 moderate, 2 good and 1 poor in shoulder pain group ; while 61 cases were obtained excellent results, 3 moderate and 1 good in painless group. There were significantly differences between two groups in Constant-Murley score and activity of shoulder joint (P<0.05). In shoulder pain group, 3 cases were disconnected, 1 case occurred stress fracture, 9 cases were subacromial impingement syndrome, 5

Citizen science data suggest that a novel rig improves landing rate and reduces injury and handling time in recreational angling with artificial lures in Baltic pike (Esox lucius).

PubMed

Bursell, Jens Jakob; Arlinghaus, Robert

2018-01-01

The optimal terminal gear in hook-and-line recreational fishing maximizes landing rates and minimizes injury to the fish because some fish will be released after capture. We designed a novel rig configuration in artificial lure fishing for top predators and examined its effectiveness in angling for Baltic northern pike ( Esox lucius ) using a citizen science approach based on observational data collected from volunteer anglers in the field. The novel rig included two changes to traditional rig designs common to artificial lure angling. First, hooks were mounted in a way giving better hook exposure and eliminating lever-arm effects from the lure to the hooks once a fish is hooked. This construction allowed the second change, being a shift to hooks 4-5 sizes smaller than those used on traditional hook mounts. We analysed observational data collected by volunteer anglers using either the novel rig or a standard rig mount in two types of artificial lures (softbait and hardbait) of the same size (about 17 cm). Using N  = 768 pike contacts as input data, we showed the landing rates of pike targeted with artificial lures significantly and substantially increased from 45% with normal-rigs to 85% when the same lure types were fished with the novel rig configuration. Lure type and water temperature had no effects on landing rates. Moreover, hardbaits on normal-rigs produced significantly more injury, bleeding and elevated unhooking time compared to fish captured on hardbaits with release-rigs. We conclude that simple changes to traditional hook sizes and mounts in lure fishing may benefit both anglers and the fishes that are to be released and that citizen science projects with volunteer anglers are able to provide good data in proof-of-concept studies. Further experimental studies are needed to differentiate hook size from hook mount effects because both variables were confounded in the results of the observational data presented here.

Estimating freshwater turtle mortality rates and population declines following hook ingestion.

PubMed

Steen, David A; Robinson, Orin J

2017-12-01

Freshwater turtle populations are susceptible to declines following small increases in the mortality of adults, making it essential to identify and understand potential threats. Freshwater turtles ingest fish hooks associated with recreational angling, and this is likely a problem because hook ingestion is a source of additive mortality for sea turtles. We used a Bayesian-modeling framework, observed rates of hook ingestion by freshwater turtles, and mortality of sea turtles from hook ingestion to examine the probability that a freshwater turtle in a given population ingests a hook and subsequently dies from it. We used the results of these analyses and previously published life-history data to simulate the effects of hook ingestion on population growth for 3 species of freshwater turtle. In our simulation, the probability that an individual turtle ingests a hook and dies as a result was 1.2-11%. Our simulation results suggest that this rate of mortality from hook ingestion is sufficient to cause population declines. We believe we have identified fish-hook ingestion as a serious yet generally overlooked threat to the viability of freshwater turtle populations. © 2017 Society for Conservation Biology.

Random and systematic sampling error when hooking fish to monitor skin fluke (Benedenia seriolae) and gill fluke (Zeuxapta seriolae) burden in Australian farmed yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi).

PubMed

Fensham, J R; Bubner, E; D'Antignana, T; Landos, M; Caraguel, C G B

2018-05-01

The Australian farmed yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi, YTK) industry monitor skin fluke (Benedenia seriolae) and gill fluke (Zeuxapta seriolae) burden by pooling the fluke count of 10 hooked YTK. The random and systematic error of this sampling strategy was evaluated to assess potential impact on treatment decisions. Fluke abundance (fluke count per fish) in a study cage (estimated 30,502 fish) was assessed five times using the current sampling protocol and its repeatability was estimated the repeatability coefficient (CR) and the coefficient of variation (CV). Individual body weight, fork length, fluke abundance, prevalence, intensity (fluke count per infested fish) and density (fluke count per Kg of fish) were compared between 100 hooked and 100 seined YTK (assumed representative of the entire population) to estimate potential selection bias. Depending on the fluke species and age category, CR (expected difference in parasite count between 2 sampling iterations) ranged from 0.78 to 114 flukes per fish. Capturing YTK by hooking increased the selection of fish of a weight and length in the lowest 5th percentile of the cage (RR = 5.75, 95% CI: 2.06-16.03, P-value = 0.0001). These lower end YTK had on average an extra 31 juveniles and 6 adults Z. seriolae per Kg of fish and an extra 3 juvenile and 0.4 adult B. seriolae per Kg of fish, compared to the rest of the cage population (P-value < 0.05). Hooking YTK on the edge of the study cage biases sampling towards the smallest and most heavily infested fish in the population, resulting in poor repeatability (more variability amongst sampled fish) and an overestimation of parasite burden in the population. In this particular commercial situation these finding supported that health management program, where the finding of an underestimation of parasite burden could provide a production impact on the study population. In instances where fish populations and parasite burdens are more homogenous, sampling

Ingestion and ejection of hooks: effects on long-term health and mortality of angler-caught yellowfin bream Acanthopagrus australis.

PubMed

Broadhurst, Matt K; Butcher, Paul A; Brand, Craig P; Porter, Mark

2007-02-08

Ninety juvenile yellowfin bream Acanthopagrus australis were angled from holding tanks, allowed to ingest nickel-plated, carbon-steel J-hooks and released (with their lines cut) into individual experimental tanks during 2 experiments in order to assess their (1) long-term (up to 105 d) health, mortality and rate of hook ejection and (2) short- and medium-term (< 42 d) temporal changes in health during hook ingestion. Equal numbers of control fish were scooped from holding tanks and similarly monitored in experimental tanks. Of 20 hook-ingested fish released during Expt 1, 3 died within 8 d, providing a non-significant mortality of 15%. Between Day 6 and Day 56 post-release, 13 of the surviving individuals ejected their hooks, which were typically oxidized to about 94% of their original weight and often broken into 2 pieces. At Day 105, there were no significant differences between the 20 control and 17 hook-ingested/-ejected fish in terms of their ability to digest and assimilate food (measured as changes in apparent digestibility coefficients), stress (measured as concentrations of plasma cortisol and glucose) or of morphological parameters that included weight (Wt) and maximum height (MH), maximum width (MW) and maximum girth (MG). During Expt 2, 3 individuals that still contained ingested hooks and 3 controls were sampled on each of 9 occasions between Day 3 and Day 42 post-release. All fish were sampled for blood cortisol and glucose and were then euthanized before being weighed and measured for total length (TL), MH, MW and MG. Hook-ingested individuals were also X-rayed to determine the position and orientation of hooks. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose between hook-ingested and control fish. Irrespective of the treatment of fish, concentrations of cortisol were elevated on some sampling occasions, indicating variable, acute stress. The MH and MG of fish were not significantly different between groups. Significant differences were

Electrical burns in sports fishing: a case report.

PubMed

Valença-Filipe, R; Egipto, P; Horta, R; Braga, J M; Costa, J; Silva, A

2014-11-01

Electrical burns are among the most devastating types of burns, with wide-ranging injuries. They can sometimes occur in the context of fishing, usually involving high voltages. The authors present the case of a 59-year-old-man who suffered a sports accident during a fishing competition, with the formation of an electrical arc due to proximity of the fishing rod and high voltage cables. He presented burns affecting 3% of TBSA, third degree deep burns on trunk and left hand; no signs of cardiac injury. He was admitted to our Burn Unit for monitoring, care dressing and surgical treatment; complete wound healing was achieved after 24 days. Due to its relatively small share among burns, published data on electrical injuries and fishing remain scarce, and differ in patient collectives due to infrastructural or environmental differences. The authors are not aware of published specific reports on electrical burns in sports fishing practice, like the case here presented. The authors want to alert for potential medical, social and economic consequences of this type of sports accidents that could be entirely avoidable with some preventive measures. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

Morphological analysis of acromion and hook plate for the fixation of acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

PubMed

Yoon, Jong Pil; Lee, Yeon Soo; Song, Geun Soo; Oh, Joo Han

2017-03-01

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation is a common sports injury. Hook plate fixation is currently widely used to treat this injury, as it can promote the natural healing of the ligament with good clinical outcomes. However, subacromial erosion and impingement are frequently observed post-operatively. It was hypothesized that the morphology and the contact characteristics between the hook portion and the acromion are the main causes of complications after hook plate fixation with the currently available commercial designs. Three-dimensional reconstructed models of the AC joint obtained from the computed tomographic scans of 23 male and 23 female patients (mean age, 61.1 ± 6.3 years) were evaluated, and multiple anatomical parameters were measured. For the subacromial positioning of the hook plate, an actual hook plate (Synthes Inc., West Chester, PA, USA) was scanned, and the contact between the hook plate and the acromion was estimated. The thicknesses of the acromion and distal clavicle were 9.7 ± 1.5 mm (10.7 mm in men; 8.6 mm in women) and 11.3 ± 1.6 mm (11.6 mm in men; 10.0 mm in women), respectively. The width of the acromion was 28.5 ± 3.6 mm. The mean inclination angle between the hook plate and the acromion was 29.3° ± 9.7° (27.9° in men; 30.6° in women). The hook plate made a point contact with the acromion at 9.2 ± 3.3 mm (31.5 %) from the lateral end of the acromion. The results revealed that the hook made a pinpoint contact with the undersurface of the acromion, and this might explain why complications commonly occur after hook plate fixation. The force concentration phenomenon associated with the hook plate of existing designs results from cases of morphological mismatch, such as excessive inclination and improper occupation of the subacromial space.

[Complications of treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation and unstable distal clavicular fracture with clavicular hook plate].

PubMed

Zhu, Yi-Yong; Cui, Heng-Yan; Jiang, Pan-Qiang; Wang, Jian-Liang

2013-11-01

To investigate the causes and prevention of the complications about treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Tossy III) and unstable distal clavicular fracture (Neer II) with clavicular hook plate. From January 2001 to December 2011, 246 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Tossy III) and 222 patients with unstable distal clavicular fracture (Neer II) were treated with acromioclvicular hook plate fixation,including 348 males and 120 females with an average age of 45.4 years old ranging from 21 to 80 years old. The mean time from injury to operation was 30.8 hours (ranged from 1 h to 15 d). All patients had normal shoulder function before injury. According to Karlsson evaluation standard, the cases with excellent and good function of the shoulder joint were regarded as the normal group, and the cases with poor function of shoulder joint as the abnormal group. The comparison of the range of forward flexion,backward stretch, adduction, abduction and elevation of shoulder joints between two groups was performed. The data of impingement, subacromial osteolysis, acromioclavicular arthritis, clavicular stress fracture, downward acromioclavicular joint subluxation, hook cut-out and hook break were summarized. All patients were followed up from 8 to 48 months with an average of 12.5 months. The results were excellent in 308 cases,good in 76,and poor in 84 according to Karlsson evaluation. The excellent and good rate was 82.1%. The difference of the range of forward flexion, backward stretch, adduction, abduction and elevation of shoulder joints between two groups had a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). Among 84 poor cases, there were 41 (8.76%) in acromial impingement or inadequate place of plate hook, 12 (2.56%) with subacromial osteolysis or/and bursitis, 10 (2.14%) with acromioclavicular arthritis or painful shoulder caused by delayed dirigation,7 (1.50%) with clavicular stress fracture or interal plate upward, 6 (1.28%) with

Anterior cruciate ligament rupture secondary to a 'heel hook': a dangerous martial arts technique.

PubMed

Baker, Joseph F; Devitt, Brian M; Moran, Ray

2010-01-01

The 'heel hook' is a type of knee lock used in some forms of martial arts to stress the knee and cause opponent to concede defeat. While the knee is in a flexed and valgus disposition, an internal rotation force is applied to the tibia. Reports are lacking on serious knee trauma as a result of this technique. We report the case of a 32-year-old Mixed Martial Arts exponent who sustained complete anterior cruciate ligament rupture and an medial collateral ligament injury from the use of a 'heel hook'.

Epidemiology of fishing related upper extremity injuries presenting to the emergency department in the United States.

PubMed

Gil, Joseph A; Elia, Gregory; Shah, Kalpit N; Owens, Brett D; Got, Christopher

2018-04-16

Fishing injuries commonly affect the hands. The goal of this study was to quantify the incidence of fishing-related upper extremity injuries that present to emergency departments in the United States. We examined the reported cases of fishing-related upper extremity injuries in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database. Analysis was performed based on age, sex and the type of injury reported. The national incidence of fishing-related upper extremity injuries was 119.6 per 1 million person-years in 2014. The most common anatomic site for injury was the finger (63.3%), followed by the hand (20.3%). The most common type of injury in the upper extremity was the presence of a foreign body (70.4%). The incidence of fishing-related upper extremity injuries in males was 200 per 1 million person-years, which was significantly higher than the incidence in females (41 per 1 million person-years). The incidence of fishing-related upper extremity injuries that present to the Emergency Department was 120 per 1 million person-years. The incidence was significantly higher in males. With the widespread popularity of the activity, it is important for Emergency Physicians and Hand Surgeons to understand how to properly evaluate and manage these injuries.

Three-dimensional scapular dyskinesis in hook-plated acromioclavicular dislocation including hook motion.

PubMed

Kim, Eugene; Lee, Seunghee; Jeong, Hwa-Jae; Park, Jai Hyung; Park, Se-Jin; Lee, Jaewook; Kim, Woosub; Park, Hee Jin; Lee, So Yeon; Murase, Tsuyoshi; Sugamoto, Kazuomi; Ikemoto, Sumika

2018-06-01

The purpose of this study is to analyze the 3-dimensional scapular dyskinesis and the kinematics of a hook plate relative to the acromion after hook-plated acromioclavicular dislocation in vivo. Reported complications of acromioclavicular reduction using a hook plate include subacromial erosion and impingement. However, there are few reports of the 3-dimensional kinematics of the hook and scapula after the aforementioned surgical procedure. We studied 15 cases of acromioclavicular dislocation treated with a hook plate and 15 contralateral normal shoulders using computed tomography in the neutral and full forward flexion positions. Three-dimensional motion of the scapula relative to the thorax during arm elevation was analyzed using a computer simulation program. We also measured the distance from the tip of the hook plate to the greater tuberosity, as well as the angular motion of the plate tip in the subacromial space. Decreased posterior tilting (22° ± 10° vs 31° ± 8°) in the sagittal plane and increased external rotation (19° ± 9° vs 7° ± 5°) in the axial plane were evident in the affected shoulders. The mean values of translation of the hook plate and angular motion against the acromion were 4.0 ± 1.6 mm and 15° ± 8°, respectively. The minimum value of the distance from the hook plate to the humeral head tuberosity was 6.9 mm during arm elevation. Acromioclavicular reduction using a hook plate may cause scapular dyskinesis. Translational and angular motion of the hook plate against the acromion could lead to subacromial erosion. However, the hook does not seem to impinge directly on the humeral head. Copyright © 2017 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Injury and mortality of warmwater fishes immobilized by electrofishing

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dolan, C.R.; Miranda, L.E.

2004-01-01

Most studies of injury associated with electrofishing have focused on salmonids: few have given attention to warmwater fishes. Under controlled laboratory conditions, we treated bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides of various sizes to duty cycles ranging from 1.5% to 100%. This range of duty cycles represented continuous DC and pulsed-DC frequencies ranging from 15 to 110 Hz and pulse durations of 1 to 6 ms. At each duty cycle, fish were exposed to power densities in excess of those required to immobilize them within 3 s, and we subsequently determined the incidence of hemorrhage, spinal injury, and mortality. Incidence of hemorrhage averaged 3% (range, 0-25%), differed among species, and was not related to duty cycle or fish size. Incidence of spinal injury averaged 3% (range, 0-22%) and mortality averaged 10% (range, 0-75%); both differed among species and were related to duty cycle, fish size, and interactions among these variables. Largemouth bass was the species most vulnerable to hemorrhage, spinal injury, and mortality, channel catfish the least vulnerable; bluegills exhibited effects that were intermediate. Small centrarchids were especially susceptible to mortality. Fish tetanized by the electrical treatment were more likely to experience injury and mortality than fish that were only narcotized. However, mortality was not related to the injuries studied because hemorrhage and spinal injuries were similar in fish that survived electroshock and in those that died. We suggest that electrofishing with intermediate to high duty cycles could reduce electrofishing-induced injury and mortality to warmwater fish. Additionally, the power output and electrode system should be managed to induce narcosis and prevent tetany and to avoid the large peak powers required to immobilize small individuals.

Acute high-grade acromioclavicular joint injuries: quality of life comparison between patients managed operatively with a hook plate versus patients managed non-operatively.

PubMed

Natera Cisneros, Luis Gerardo; Sarasquete Reiriz, Juan

2017-04-01

Surgical indication for acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injuries still represents a reason for shoulder and trauma debate. In high-grade injuries, surgery is advocated because some of the non-operatively managed patients may have persistent shoulder pain that could make them unable to return to their previous activity. It has been shown that many of the patients with high-grade ACJ injuries that are managed non-operatively involve the development of scapular dyskinesis, situation that may result in loss of strength and weakness. On the other side, it has been widely reported that the period while the hook plate is present involves functional limitations and pain. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of life (QoL) of patients with acute high-grade ACJ injuries (Rockwood grade III-V), managed operatively with a hook plate versus the QoL of patients managed non-operatively, 24 months or more after shoulder injury. Patients with acute high-grade ACJ injuries managed operatively (hook plate) or non-operatively, between 2008 and 2012 were included. The QoL was evaluated by means of the Health Survey questionnaire (SF36), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, the Constant score and the Global Satisfaction (scale from 0 to 10) assessed at the last follow-up visit. The presence of scapular dyskinesis was assessed. Comparison between groups was made. Thirty-two patients were included: 11 hook plate-group (PLATE group) (5 Rockwood III and 6 V) and 21 conservative-group (CONS group) (4 Rockwood III and 17 V). The mean age was 41 [19-55] years old for the PLATE group and 38 [19-55] for the CONS group (p = 0.513). The mean follow-up was 32.50 ± 11.64 months for the PLATE group and 34.77 ± 21.98 months for the CONS group (p = 0.762). The mean results of the questionnaires assessed at the last follow-up visit were: (1) physical SF36 score (PLATE group 53.70 ± 4.33 and CONS group

[Topographic anatomy of the hook region and its significance for the choice of the surgical technique for the cochlear implantation].

PubMed

Yanov, Yu K; Kuzovkov, V E; Lilenko, A S; Kostevich, I V; Sugarova, S B; Amonov, A Sh

The mode of the introduction of the active electrode of a cochlear implant into the cochlea remains a key issue as far as cochlear implantation is concerned. Especially much attention has recently been given to the relationship between the anatomical features of the basal region of the cochlea (the so-called 'fish hook') and the possibility to approach it. We have undertaken the attempt to optimize the approach to the tympanic canal (scala tympanica) of the cochlea with a view to reducing to a minimum the risk of an injury to the cochlear structures in the course of cochlear implantation. A total of 35 cadaveric temporal bones were examined to measure the fine structures of the hook region and evaluate the risk of their damages associated with various approaches to the tympanic canal.

[EFFECTIVENESS OF SHARP TEETH HOOK PLATE FOR TREATMENT OF OLECRANON FRACTURES].

PubMed

Yin, Qudong; Gu, Sanjun; Liu, Jun; Wu, Yongwei; Lu, Yao; Ma, Yunhong; Sheng, Youyin

2016-09-08

To investigate the effectiveness of sharp teeth hook plate by cutting for the treatment of olecranon fractures by comparison with Kirschner wire tension belt and locking plate. Between January 2011 and April 2015, 32 cases of olecranon fractures were treated. Fracture was fixed with sharp teeth hook plate by cutting in 12 cases (trial group) and with Kirschner wire tension belt or locking plate in 20 cases (control group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, side and type of fracture, and time from injury to operation between 2 groups ( P >0.05). The healing time of fractures and complications were recorded. At 1 year after operation, the subjective function results were evaluated according to Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, and objective function results by Mayo Elbow Score (MEPS); visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for elbow joint pain, and range of motion of flexion and extension of elbow joint was measured. All incisions healed by first intention, with no vascular and nerve injuries. All patients were followed up 12-36 months with an average of 18 months. All fractures healed, and there was no significant difference in the healing time between 2 groups ( P >0.05). Loosening of Kirschner wire occurred in 2 cases of control group, but no loosening of internal fixation was observed in trial group after operation. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between 2 groups ( P >0.05). The DASH, MEPS, VAS score, and range of motion of flexion in trial group were superior to those in control group, showing significant differences ( P <0.05) at 1 year after operation. There was no significant difference in range of motion of extension between 2 groups ( P >0.05). Sharp teeth hook plate for treatment of olecranon fractures overcomes the shortcomings that Kirschner wire tension is easy to slide and locking plate has a compression effect on triceps tendon, so it has good effectiveness.

[Clavicular hook plate combined with suture anchor for the treatment of type Tossy III chronic acromioclavicular dislocation].

PubMed

Xu, Zhi-Bin; Wang, Jin

2014-05-01

To observe the clinical effects of clavicular hook plate combined with suture anchor in treating type Tossy III chronic acromioclavicular dislocation. From January 2008 to December 2012,18 patients with type Tossy III chronic acromioclavicular dislocation were treated with clavicular hook plate and suture anchor. There were 12 males and 6 females, aged from 20 to 56 years old with an average of 31.5 years. Ten cases were left dislocation and 8 cases were right dislocation. Operation time was 3 weeks to 4 months after injury with a mean of 1.8 months. Functional exercise was adopted 2 weeks after operation. And Karlsson standard was used to evaluate curative effect. All patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months with an average of 16 months. According to Karlsson standard, 17 cases were excellent and 1 was poor. Clavicular hook plate combined with suture anchor can repair conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament in treating type Tossy III chronic acromioclavicular dislocation, and had advantages of simple operation, less trauma, stable fixation, it can obtain satisfactory effects.

[Treatment of sternoclavicular joint dislocation with sternoclavicular hook plate fixation].

PubMed

Liu, Pan; Yuan, Jia-bin; Liu, Zhong-qian; Lu, Bing; Wang, Yue

2015-08-01

To evaluate the technique and therapeutic effect of sternoclavicular hook plate fixation in treating sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) dislocation. From January 2010 to March 2014,6 patients with SCJ dislocation were treated with sternoclavicular hook plate fixation in our hospital. Among the 6 patients, 5 patients were male and 1 patient was female, and the average age was 34 years, ranging from 26 to 48 years. The course of the disease ranged from 3 to 20 days. All the SCJ dislocations were caused by external injury and accompanied with the symptoms of swelling pain and obvious shoulder joint activity restricted in affected side. All SCJ dislocations were anterior dislocation by the diagnosis of X-ray and CT scan. The postoperative curative effect was evaluated according to Rockwood score. All the patients' operative incision were healed well and in good appearance. X-ray showed that the dislocated SCJ was well reduced and the plate was on right position. All the 6 patients were followed up for 4 to 18 months, with an average of 12 months. The results were evaluated according to Rockwood score, 4 got excellent results, 1 good and 1 fair. No fixation loosening, redislocation or side injury such as vessel, nerve or pleura injury were found. With sternoclavicular hook plate fixation, SCJ dislocation could be reduced while keeping its amphiarthrodial function and the completeness of the cartilage surface. Sternoclavicular hook plate fixation has advantages of safety and stabilization in fixation, and patients can begin function exercises earlier.

Lunar crane hook

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cash, John Wilson, III; Cone, Alan E.; Garolera, Frank J.; German, David; Lindabury, David Peter; Luckado, Marshall Cleveland; Murphey, Craig; Rowell, John Bryan; Wilkinson, Brad

1988-01-01

The base and ball hook system is an attachment that is designed to be used on the lunar surface as an improved alternative to the common crane hook and eye system. The design proposed uses an omni-directional ball hook and base to overcome the design problems associated with a conventional crane hook. The base and ball hook is not sensitive to cable twist which would render a robotic lunar crane useless since there is little atmospheric resistance to dampen the motion of an oscillating member. The symmetric characteristics of the ball hook and base eliminates manual placement of the ball hook into the base; commonly associated with the typical hook and eye stem. The major advantage of the base and ball hook system is it's ease of couple and uncouple modes that are advantages during unmanned robotic lunar missions.

Utility of a Work Process Classification System for characterizing non-fatal injuries in the Alaskan commercial fishing industry.

PubMed

Syron, Laura N; Lucas, Devin L; Bovbjerg, Viktor E; Bethel, Jeffrey W; Kincl, Laurel D

2016-01-01

The US commercial fishing industry is hazardous, as measured by mortality data. However, research on non-fatal injuries is limited. Non-fatal injuries constitute the majority of occupational injuries and can result in workers' lowered productivity and wages, lost quality of life, and disability. In the United States, a Work Process Classification System (WPCS) has previously been applied in Alaskan freezer-trawl and freezer-longline fleets to identify causes of injuries and specific hazards, but not to other fishing fleets. This descriptive epidemiologic study aimed to explore the application and modification of the WPCS in multiple Alaskan fleets, characterize non-fatal occupational injuries in these fleets, and identify work processes that could be targeted for further investigation and future injury prevention efforts. Traumatic, non-fatal injuries on-board Alaskan commercial fishing vessels were identified through United States Coast Guard investigative reports. Characteristics of injuries, as well as worker characteristics, were analysed. Injuries were coded using the WPCS. We successfully utilized the WPCS to code non-fatal injury cases (n = 136). The most frequent main work processes associated with non-fatal injuries included: on-board trawlers, handling frozen fish and processing the catch; on-board vessels using pot/trap gear, handling the gear and shooting/setting the gear; on-board longliners, traffic on board and hauling the gear; and on-board processor vessels, processing the catch, other work with the catch, and handling frozen fish. The study confirmed that a WPCS can be applied to multiple Alaskan fleets to identify hazardous tasks. Hazards were unique for each vessel gear type. Future injury prevention efforts should target work processes associated with the most frequent and most severe injuries. Future studies should establish time estimates for work processes in order to determine risk estimates. Efforts to improve non-fatal injury reporting

Modeling the hook depth distribution of pelagic longlining in the equatorial area of Indian Ocean

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Song, Liming; Li, Jie; Gao, Panfeng; Zhou, Ji; Xu, Liuxiong

2012-12-01

A survey was conducted in the equatorial area of Indian Ocean for a better understanding of the dynamics of hook depth distribution of pelagic longline fishery. We determined the relationship between hook depth and vertical shear of current coefficiency, wind speed, hook position code, sine of wind angle, sine of angle of attack and weight of messenger weight. We identified the hook depth models by the analysis of covariance with a general linear model. The results showed that the wind effect on the hook depth can be ignored from October to November in the survey area; the surface current effect on the hook depth can be ignored; the equatorial undercurrent is the key factor for the hook depth in Indian Ocean; and there is a negative correlation between the hook depth and vertical shear of current and angle of attack. It was also found that the deeper the hook was set, the higher hook depth shoaling was. The proposed model improves the accuracy of the prediction of hook depth, which can be used to estimate the vertical distribution of pelagic fish in water column.

Drawings of fossils by Robert Hooke and Richard Waller

PubMed Central

Kusukawa, Sachiko

2013-01-01

The drawings of fossils by Robert Hooke and Richard Waller that were the basis of the engravings in Hooke's Posthumous works (1705) are published here for the first time. The drawings show that both Hooke and Waller were proficient draftsmen with a keen eye for the details of petrified objects. These drawings provided Hooke with a polemic edge in making the case for the organic origins of ‘figured stones’.

Comparison of concentric needle versus hooked-wire electrodes in the canine larynx.

PubMed

Jaffe, D M; Solomon, N P; Robinson, R A; Hoffman, H T; Luschei, E S

1998-05-01

The use of a specific electrode type in laryngeal electromyography has not been standardized. Laryngeal electromyography is usually performed with hooked-wire electrodes or concentric needle electrodes. Hooked-wire electrodes have the advantage of allowing laryngeal movement with ease and comfort, whereas the concentric needle electrodes have benefits from a technical aspect and may be advanced, withdrawn, or redirected during attempts to appropriately place the electrode. This study examines whether hooked-wire electrodes permit more stable recordings than standard concentric needle electrodes at rest and after large-scale movements of the larynx and surrounding structures. A histologic comparison of tissue injury resulting from placement and removal of the two electrode types is also made by evaluation of the vocal folds. Electrodes were percutaneously placed into the thyroarytenoid muscles of 10 adult canines. Amplitude of electromyographic activity was measured and compared during vagal stimulation before and after large-scale laryngeal movements. Signal consistency over time was examined. Animals were killed and vocal fold injury was graded and compared histologically. Waveform morphology did not consistently differ between electrode types. The variability of electromyographic amplitude was greater for the hooked-wire electrode (p < 0.05), whereas the mean amplitude measures before and after large-scale laryngeal movements did not differ (p > 0.05). Inflammatory responses and hematoma formation were also similar. Waveform morphology of electromyographic signals registered from both electrode types show similar complex action potentials. There is no difference between the hooked-wire electrode and the concentric needle electrode in terms of electrode stability or vocal fold injury in the thyroarytenoid muscle after large-scale laryngeal movements.

Dynamic infrared imaging analysis of apical hook development in Arabidopsis: the case of brassinosteroids.

PubMed

Smet, Dajo; Žádníková, Petra; Vandenbussche, Filip; Benková, Eva; Van Der Straeten, Dominique

2014-06-01

Germination of Arabidopsis seeds in darkness induces apical hook development, based on a tightly regulated differential growth coordinated by a multiple hormone cross-talk. Here, we endeavoured to clarify the function of brassinosteroids (BRs) and cross-talk with ethylene in hook development. An automated infrared imaging system was developed to study the kinetics of hook development in etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. To ascertain the photomorphogenic control of hook opening, the system was equipped with an automatic light dimmer. We demonstrate that ethylene and BRs are indispensable for hook formation and maintenance. Ethylene regulation of hook formation functions partly through BRs, with BR feedback inhibition of ethylene action. Conversely, BR-mediated extension of hook maintenance functions partly through ethylene. Furthermore, we revealed that a short light pulse is sufficient to induce rapid hook opening. Our dynamic infrared imaging system allows high-resolution, kinetic imaging of up to 112 seedlings in a single experimental run. At this high throughput, it is ideally suited to rapidly gain insight in pathway networks. We demonstrate that BRs and ethylene cooperatively regulate apical hook development in a phase-dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that light is a predominant regulator of hook opening, inhibiting ethylene- and BR-mediated postponement of hook opening. © 2014 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2014 New Phytologist Trust.

Utility of a Work Process Classification System for characterizing non-fatal injuries in the Alaskan commercial fishing industry.

PubMed

Syron, Laura N; Lucas, Devin L; Bovbjerg, Viktor E; Bethel, Jeffrey W; Kincl, Laurel D

2016-01-01

Background The US commercial fishing industry is hazardous, as measured by mortality data. However, research on non-fatal injuries is limited. Non-fatal injuries constitute the majority of occupational injuries and can result in workers' lowered productivity and wages, lost quality of life, and disability. In the United States, a Work Process Classification System (WPCS) has previously been applied in Alaskan freezer-trawl and freezer-longline fleets to identify causes of injuries and specific hazards, but not to other fishing fleets. Objectives This descriptive epidemiologic study aimed to explore the application and modification of the WPCS in multiple Alaskan fleets, characterize non-fatal occupational injuries in these fleets, and identify work processes that could be targeted for further investigation and future injury prevention efforts. Design Traumatic, non-fatal injuries on-board Alaskan commercial fishing vessels were identified through United States Coast Guard investigative reports. Characteristics of injuries, as well as worker characteristics, were analysed. Injuries were coded using the WPCS. Results We successfully utilized the WPCS to code non-fatal injury cases (n = 136). The most frequent main work processes associated with non-fatal injuries included: on-board trawlers, handling frozen fish and processing the catch; on-board vessels using pot/trap gear, handling the gear and shooting/setting the gear; on-board longliners, traffic on board and hauling the gear; and on-board processor vessels, processing the catch, other work with the catch, and handling frozen fish. Conclusions The study confirmed that a WPCS can be applied to multiple Alaskan fleets to identify hazardous tasks. Hazards were unique for each vessel gear type. Future injury prevention efforts should target work processes associated with the most frequent and most severe injuries. Future studies should establish time estimates for work processes in order to determine risk estimates

Utility of a Work Process Classification System for characterizing non-fatal injuries in the Alaskan commercial fishing industry

PubMed Central

Syron, Laura N.; Lucas, Devin L.; Bovbjerg, Viktor E.; Bethel, Jeffrey W.; Kincl, Laurel D.

2016-01-01

Background The US commercial fishing industry is hazardous, as measured by mortality data. However, research on non-fatal injuries is limited. Non-fatal injuries constitute the majority of occupational injuries and can result in workers’ lowered productivity and wages, lost quality of life, and disability. In the United States, a Work Process Classification System (WPCS) has previously been applied in Alaskan freezer-trawl and freezer-longline fleets to identify causes of injuries and specific hazards, but not to other fishing fleets. Objectives This descriptive epidemiologic study aimed to explore the application and modification of the WPCS in multiple Alaskan fleets, characterize non-fatal occupational injuries in these fleets, and identify work processes that could be targeted for further investigation and future injury prevention efforts. Design Traumatic, non-fatal injuries on-board Alaskan commercial fishing vessels were identified through United States Coast Guard investigative reports. Characteristics of injuries, as well as worker characteristics, were analysed. Injuries were coded using the WPCS. Results We successfully utilized the WPCS to code non-fatal injury cases (n = 136). The most frequent main work processes associated with non-fatal injuries included: on-board trawlers, handling frozen fish and processing the catch; on-board vessels using pot/trap gear, handling the gear and shooting/setting the gear; on-board longliners, traffic on board and hauling the gear; and on-board processor vessels, processing the catch, other work with the catch, and handling frozen fish. Conclusions The study confirmed that a WPCS can be applied to multiple Alaskan fleets to identify hazardous tasks. Hazards were unique for each vessel gear type. Future injury prevention efforts should target work processes associated with the most frequent and most severe injuries. Future studies should establish time estimates for work processes in order to determine risk

Acromioclavicular joint reconstruction by coracoid process transfer augmented with hook plate.

PubMed

Wang, Yeming; Zhang, Jianguo

2014-06-01

Various techniques have been reported for the treatment of chronic acromioclavicular (AC) joint separation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of surgical construction of coracoclavicular ligament using coracoid process transfer augmented with a hook plate fixation. Twenty-one patients treated with coracoid process transfer augmented with a hook plate fixation for chronic type III and V AC injuries were retrospectively analysed in 2003-2009. The age of the patients ranged from 23 to 58 years with an average age of 41.6 years. The patients were followed up clinically and radiographically, with an average of 33.0 months. Functional status and the ability to return to work were recorded during follow-up. Constant score and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain were measured. The mean Constant score has increased from 70.9 points preoperatively to 90.7 points at follow-up. The mean VAS score has decreased from 4.7 preoperatively to 1.2 at follow-up. The average abduction was 172°, forward flexion was 170° and external rotation was 56°. There were 10 excellent results, 10 good results and one fair result. All patients had resumed their job or returned to original sport activity at mean 3.7 months postoperatively. No reduction loss was observed after plate removal and the final follow-up. Despite retrospective nature of the study, the outcomes of surgical construction with process transfer augmented with hook plate fixation are promising for chronic type III and V AC injuries. Therapeutic level IV. Retrospective case series, treatment study. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Newton–Hooke-type symmetry of anisotropic oscillators

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, P.M., E-mail: zhpm@impcas.ac.cn; Horvathy, P.A., E-mail: horvathy@lmpt.univ-tours.fr; Laboratoire de Mathématiques et de Physique Théorique, Université de Tours

2013-06-15

Rotation-less Newton–Hooke-type symmetry, found recently in the Hill problem, and instrumental for explaining the center-of-mass decomposition, is generalized to an arbitrary anisotropic oscillator in the plane. Conversely, the latter system is shown, by the orbit method, to be the most general one with such a symmetry. Full Newton–Hooke symmetry is recovered in the isotropic case. Star escape from a galaxy is studied as an application. -- Highlights: ► Rotation-less Newton–Hooke (NH) symmetry is generalized to an arbitrary anisotropic oscillator. ► The orbit method is used to find the most general case for rotation-less NH symmetry. ► The NH symmetry ismore » decomposed into Heisenberg algebras based on chiral decomposition.« less

Hooke's figurations: a figural drawing attributed to Robert Hooke.

PubMed

Hunter, Matthew C

2010-09-20

The experimental philosopher Robert Hooke (1635-1703) is known to have apprenticed to the leading painter Peter Lely on his first arrival in London in the late 1640s. Yet the relevance of Hooke's artistic training to his mature draughtsmanship and identity has remained unclear. Shedding light on that larger interpretive problem, this article argues for the attribution to Hooke of a figural drawing now in Tate Britain (T10678). This attributed drawing is especially interesting because it depicts human subjects and bears Hooke's name functioning as an artistic signature, both highly unusual features for his draughtsmanship. From evidence of how this drawing was collected and physically placed alongside images by leading artists in the early eighteenth century, I suggest how it can offer new insight into the reception of Hooke and his graphic work in the early Enlightenment.

Effects of hook plate on shoulder function after treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

PubMed

Chen, Chang-Hong; Dong, Qi-Rong; Zhou, Rong-Kui; Zhen, Hua-Qing; Jiao, Ya-Jun

2014-01-01

Internal fixation with hook plate has been used to treat acromioclavicular joint dislocation. This study aims to evaluate the effect of its use on shoulder function, to further analyze the contributing factors, and provide a basis for selection and design of improved internal fixation treatment of the acromioclavicular joint dislocation in the future. A retrospective analysis was performed on patients treated with a hook plate for acromioclavicular joint dislocation in our hospital from January 2010 to February 2013. There were 33 cases in total, including 25 males and 8 females, with mean age of 48.27 ± 8.7 years. There were 29 cases of Rockwood type III acromioclavicular dislocation, 4 cases of type V. The Constant-Murley shoulder function scoring system was used to evaluate the shoulder function recovery status after surgery. Anteroposterior shoulder X-ray was used to assess the position of the hook plate, status of acromioclavicular joint reduction and the occurrence of postoperative complications. According to the Constant-Murley shoulder function scoring system, the average scores were 78 ± 6 points 8 to 12 months after the surgery and before the removal of the hook plate, the average scores were 89 ± 5 minutes two months after the removal of hook plate. Postoperative X-ray imaging showed osteolysis in 10 cases (30.3%), osteoarthritis in six cases (18.1%), osteolysis associated with osteoarthritis in four cases(12.1%), and steel hook broken in one case (3%). The use of hook plate on open reduction and internal fixation of the acromioclavicular joint dislocation had little adverse effect on shoulder function and is an effective method for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Osteoarthritis and osteolysis are the two common complications after hook plate use, which are associated with the impairment of shoulder function. Shoulder function will be improved after removal of the hook plate.

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DETECTION OF INGESTED FISHING LINES IN LOGGERHEADS ( CARETTA CARETTA).

PubMed

Franchini, Delia; Valastro, Carmela; Ciccarelli, Stefano; Caprio, Francesco; Lenoci, Diana; Di Bello, Antonio

2018-05-23

Loggerhead sea turtles ( Caretta caretta) are among the most frequent victims of bycatch in drifting longlines, and the ingestion of fish hooks and fishing lines is one of the most frequent causes of death of sea turtles. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether coelomic ultrasound (US) can be decisive, not only for diagnosis but also to optimize surgical planning based on preoperative evaluation of the bowel conditions and, in addition, to see if there are characteristic sonographic findings in sea turtles associated with the ingestion of fishing lines. Physical examination, hematology, blood chemistry, radiographs, and US examination were performed in 37 loggerhead sea turtles with suspected or known ingestion of fish hooks or monofilament fishing lines. During the ultrasonographic examinations, the loggerhead sea turtles were placed in dorsal recumbency and the prefemoral left and right acoustic windows were used. Nine wild loggerheads had sonographic findings of intestinal and coelomic abnormalities, and the sonographic images were compared with the surgical findings. Ultrasonography positively identified the foreign body in 89% (8/9) animals. The presence of intestinal plication (in all loggerhead turtles) and ultrasonographic visualization of the linear foreign body was always consistent with the ingestion of a fishing line. In sea turtles, fishing lines cause a corrugated appearance in the small intestine due to increased/unproductive peristalsis. The affected small bowel loops are usually dilated with fluid. In the present study, coelomic US allowed us to make a thorough evaluation of the characteristics, number, and severity of the bowel wall lesions in the animals, thus ensuring the planning of a correct surgical procedure. We suggest that US examination of the coelomic cavity should be complementary to radiographic survey in cases of suspected ingestion of fish hooks and fishing lines by sea turtles.

Biomechanical analysis of clavicle hook plate implantation with different hook angles in the acromioclavicular joint.

PubMed

Hung, Li-Kun; Su, Kuo-Chih; Lu, Wen-Hsien; Lee, Cheng-Hung

2017-08-01

A clavicle hook plate is a simple and effective method for treating acromioclavicular dislocation and distal clavicle fractures. However, subacromial osteolysis and peri-implant fractures are complicated for surgeons to manage. This study uses finite element analysis (FEA) to investigate the post-implantation biomechanics of clavicle hook plates with different hook angles. This FEA study constructed a model with a clavicle, acromion, clavicle hook plate, and screws to simulate the implantation of clavicle hook plates at different hook angles (90°, 95°, 100°, 105°, and 110°) for treating acromioclavicular joint dislocations. This study investigated the biomechanics of the acromion, clavicle, hook plate, and screws. A smaller hook angle increases the stress on the middle third of the clavicle. A larger hook angle increases the force exerted by the clavicle hook plate on the acromion. The screw at the most medial position on the plate generated the highest stress. The highest stress on the implanted clavicle hook plate was on the turning corner of the hook. A clavicle hook plate with different hook angles may induce different biomechanical behaviors in the clavicle and acromion. Orthopedic surgeons must select a suitable clavicle hook plate based on the anatomical structure of each patient.

Physiological response to hooking stress in hatchery and wild rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wydoski, R.S.; Wedemeyer, G.A.; Nelson, N. C.

1976-01-01

This study evaluated the physiological response of rainbow trout to hooking stress after being played under standardized conditions (0–5 min) and estimated the time needed for recovery (to 72 h). Plasma osmolality and chloride measurements were used to evaluate osmoregulatory disturbances and gill ion-exchange function, and plasma glucose was used as an index of the generalized nonspecific physiological stress response. Hooking stress caused more severe blood chemistry differences in hatchery fish than in wild trout. Also, hooking stress imposed a greater stress on larger than on smaller hatchery rainbow trout. Higher water temperatures aggravated the delayed hyperglycemia and hyperchloremia in both hatchery and wild trout but only about 3 days were needed for recovery at 4, 10, or 20 C.

Effects of hook plate on shoulder function after treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation

PubMed Central

Chen, Chang-Hong; Dong, Qi-Rong; Zhou, Rong-Kui; Zhen, Hua-Qing; Jiao, Ya-Jun

2014-01-01

Introduction: Internal fixation with hook plate has been used to treat acromioclavicular joint dislocation. This study aims to evaluate the effect of its use on shoulder function, to further analyze the contributing factors, and provide a basis for selection and design of improved internal fixation treatment of the acromioclavicular joint dislocation in the future. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients treated with a hook plate for acromioclavicular joint dislocation in our hospital from January 2010 to February 2013. There were 33 cases in total, including 25 males and 8 females, with mean age of 48.27 ± 8.7 years. There were 29 cases of Rockwood type III acromioclavicular dislocation, 4 cases of type V. The Constant-Murley shoulder function scoring system was used to evaluate the shoulder function recovery status after surgery. Anteroposterior shoulder X-ray was used to assess the position of the hook plate, status of acromioclavicular joint reduction and the occurrence of postoperative complications. Results: According to the Constant-Murley shoulder function scoring system, the average scores were 78 ± 6 points 8 to 12 months after the surgery and before the removal of the hook plate, the average scores were 89 ± 5 minutes two months after the removal of hook plate. Postoperative X-ray imaging showed osteolysis in 10 cases (30.3%), osteoarthritis in six cases (18.1%), osteolysis associated with osteoarthritis in four cases(12.1%), and steel hook broken in one case (3%). Conclusion: The use of hook plate on open reduction and internal fixation of the acromioclavicular joint dislocation had little adverse effect on shoulder function and is an effective method for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Osteoarthritis and osteolysis are the two common complications after hook plate use, which are associated with the impairment of shoulder function. Shoulder function will be improved after removal of the hook plate. PMID

[EFFECTIVENESS OF CLAVICULAR HOOK PLATE COMBINED WITH TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE FASCIA FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF ACROMIOCLAVICULAR AND CORACOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENTS TO TREAT COMPLETE ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT DISLOCATION].

PubMed

Wang, Chaoliang; Wang, Yingzhen; Zhu, Tao; Sun, Xuesheng; Lin, Chu; Gao, Bo; Li, Xinxia

2015-02-01

To explore the effectiveness of the clavicular hook plate combined with trapezius muscle fascia for reconstruction of acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments to treat acute complete acromioclavicular dislocations. Between January 2008 and April 2012, 66 patients with acromioclavicular dislocation were treated with the clavicular hook plate combined with trapezius muscle fascia for reconstruction of acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments in 32 cases (experimental group) and with the clavicular hook plate in 34 cases (control group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, injured side, the cause of injury, and the time from injury to operation between 2 groups (P > 0.05). Visual analogue scale (VAS), Constant shoulder scores, and coracoid clavi-cledistance (CC. Dist) were measured at preoperation and at 2 years after operation. Signal/noise quotiem (SNQ) was measured by MRI at 2 years after operation. The operation complications were observed. The patients of 2 groups obtained primary healing of incision. The morbidity of complication in experimental group (12.5%, 4/32) was significantly lower than that in control group (91.2%, 31/34) (Χ2 = 40.96, P = 0.00). All the cases were followed up 2.8 years on average (range, 2 to 4 years). VAS scores and CC.Dist significantly decreased at 2 years after operation when compared with preoperative values in the 2 groups (P < 0.05). VAS scores and CC.Dist of the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). According to Constant shoulder scores at 2 years after operation, the results were excellent in 19 cases, good in 11 cases, and general in 2 cases with an excellent and good rate of 93.75% in the experimental group; the results were excellent in 7 cases, good in 8 cases, general in 16 cases, and poor in 3 cases with an excellent and good rate of 44.11% in the control group; and significant difference was shown between 2 groups (t = 2.30, P = 0.03). SNQ

Comparison of torsional stability of 2 types of split crimpable surgical hooks with soldered brass surgical hooks.

PubMed

O'Bannon, Shawn P; Dunn, William J; Lenk, Jason S

2006-10-01

The purpose of this in-vitro study was to compare the torsional stability of split crimpable surgical hooks and soldered brass surgical hooks on a rectangular stabilizing archwire. Coated split crimpable hooks (Never-Slip Grip, TP Orthodontics, LaPorte, Ind), ribbed crimpable hooks (TP Orthodontics), and .032-in brass soldered hooks/notched electrodes (Ormco/Sybron Dental Specialties, Orange, Calif) were attached to a 0.019 x 0.025-in stainless steel archwire. The archwire/hook attachment assembly was secured into a dual contact jig and statically mounted to the base of a universal testing machine. The hooks were engaged by a wire loop attached to the upper load cell of the machine, which pulled the wire until the hook was torsionally displaced from the archwire. The mean forces, measured in newtons (N), required to dislodge the hooks were as follows: soldered brass surgical hooks (51.3 +/- 5.2 N), coated split crimpable hooks (49.9 +/- 6.6 N), and ribbed split crimpable hooks (31.3 +/- 5.4 N). Data were analyzed with 1-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post-hoc tests at alpha = .05. Ribbed split crimpable hooks provided significantly less resistance to torsional displacement than the other types of hooks (P <001). There was no difference between coated split crimpable hooks and soldered brass surgical hooks (P >05). Under the conditions of this study, the results suggest that soldered brass surgical hooks and coated split crimpable hook attachments provide more stability to torsional dislodgement from a rectangular stabilizing archwire than ribbed split crimpable hooks.

[The effects of hook plates on the subacromial space--a clinical and MRT study].

PubMed

Hackenberger, J; Schmidt, J; Altmann, T

2004-01-01

The analysis of middle- and long-term results after treatment of acromioclavicular joint injuries with a hook plate as a temporary implant and a comparison of the results with those described in literature have been made. In a retrospective study we were able to conduct follow-up examinations on 28 out of 39 Tossy III patients (72 %) who received surgical treatment using a hook plate according to Dreithaler. Examinations took place on average 3.0 (1.2-5.6) years after surgery. A special focus of attention was the effect of the hook plate on the subacromial space. Accordingly, physical examination was supplemented by sonography of the shoulder as well as comparative bilateral shoulder MRI. 86 % of our patients expressed satisfaction with the functional outcome of surgery as opposed to 54 % concerning its cosmetic result. In shoulder sonography no patient turned out to have suffered a higher grade rotator cuff lesion, whereas age-related degenerative alterations were found in 46 % of the patients. Instability under load was found in 7 patients (25 %). Among these were 3 with severe instability (11 %). 2 patients (7 %) were found to have a permanent subluxation of the acromioclavicular joint with partial range of motion impairment. All scores monitored (DASH, Taft, Constant-Murley) on average returned good to excellent results. MRI scans displayed no case of higher grade rotator cuff lesion. In accordance with the findings of ultrasound imaging a higher incidence of extraarticular ossification was found as well as, in some cases, arthrosis of the acromioclavicular joint. In our opinion, the hook plate designed by Dreithaler is easy to handle and serves as a qualified implant for temporary stabilisation of the acromioclavicular joint with middle- and long-term good to excellent results.

Diagnosis and management of hook of hamate fractures.

PubMed

Kadar, Assaf; Bishop, Allen T; Suchyta, Marissa A; Moran, Steven L

2018-06-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the time to diagnosis and management of hook of hamate fractures in an era of advanced imaging. We performed a retrospective study of 51 patients treated for hook of hamate fractures. Patients were sent a quickDASH questionnaire regarding the outcomes of their treatment. Hook of hamate fractures were diagnosed with advanced imaging at a median of 27 days. Clinical findings of hook of hamate tenderness had better sensitivity than carpal tunnel-view radiographs. Nonunion occurred in 24% of patients with non-operative treatment and did not occur in the operative group. Both treatment groups achieved good clinical results, with a grip strength of 80% compared with the non-injured hand and a median quickDASH score of 2. Advanced imaging improved the time to diagnosis and treatment compared to historical case series. Nonunion is common in patients treated non-operatively. IV.

Fishing. Unit 1, Colorado Division of Wildlife.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hetzel, George K.; Smith, Dwight R.

This booklet on fishing is part of a series developed to encourage youth to pursue outdoor projects. Fish anatomy, equipment, casting techniques, knot and leader tying, hooks, fishing areas, cleaning and cooking fish, types of bait, lures, and regulations are discussed and illustrated. Suggested activities and field trips are listed. (MR)

75 FR 2469 - Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Reef Fish Fishery of the Gulf of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-15

... more than 750 hooks rigged for fishing or fished at any given time. The intended effect of the... these alternatives would result in lower adverse economic effects than the proposed hook restriction is... lower hook limit would be expected to result in greater adverse economic effects than the proposed limit...

The Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting as tipping point

PubMed Central

Shultz, James M; Muschert, Glenn W; Dingwall, Alison; Cohen, Alyssa M

2013-01-01

Among rampage shooting massacres, the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting on December 14, 2012 galvanized public attention. In this Commentary we examine the features of this episode of gun violence that has sparked strong reactions and energized discourse that may ultimately lead toward constructive solutions to diminish high rates of firearm deaths and injuries in the United States. PMID:28228989

78 FR 66760 - Proposed Information Collection; Injurious Wildlife; Importation Certification for Live Fish and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-06

... and Fish Eggs AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION: Notice; request for comments.... Title: Injurious Wildlife; Importation Certification for Live Fish and Fish Eggs, 50 CFR 16.13. Service...

[Application of lateral malleolus hook-plate in treatment of stage II supination-adduction type medial malleolus fracture].

PubMed

Chen, Yu; Zhang, Hui; Huang, Fuguo; Xiang, Zhuo; Fang, Yue; Liu, Lei; Cen, Shiqiang

2014-09-01

To investigate the application of lateral malleolus hook-plate for the treatment of stage II supination-adduction type medial malleolus fractures. Between January 2011 and June 2013, 21 patients with stage II supination-adduction type ankle fractures were treated with lateral malleolus hook-plate, including 12 males and 9 females with an average age of 55.5 years (range, 27-65 years). The injury causes were sprain in 17 cases and traffic accident in 4 cases. The mean time between injury and admission was 12.4 hours (range, 2-72 hours). The tibial distal medial articular surface collapse was found in 7 cases by CT examination and in 3 cases by X-ray film. Of 21 cases, there were 12 cases of low transverse fractures of lateral malleolus, 7 cases of short oblique fractures of lateral malleolus, and 2 cases of ankle joint lateral collateral ligament injury without fractures of lateral malleolus. After operation, the clinical outcome was evaluated according to the talus-leg angle, the recovery of Coin-sign continuity, inside-outside and top ankle gap, talus slope, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Olerud-Molander score, Kofoed evaluation standards, and patient satisfaction. Seventeen cases were followed up 18.7 months on average (range, 12-25 months). Primary healing was obtained in 16 cases except 1 case of delayed healing. Fracture healed at an average of 14.6 weeks (range, 12-16 weeks). All cases achieved anatomical reduction, the continuity of Coin-sign, and consistency of inside and outside joint gap; no talus tilt occurred. There was no complication of reduction loss, loosening or breakage of internal fixation, or osteoarthritis during follow-up. The talus-leg angle of the affected side was significantly improved to (83.4 ± 1.8)° at 1 week after operation from preoperative (74.8 ± 7.1)° (t = 5.370, P = 0.000), but no significant difference was found when compared with normal side (83.8 ± 2.3)° (t = 0.676, P = 0.509). The AOFAS score

Getting Hooked on Physics!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McHugh, M.; McCauley, V.

2016-01-01

A number of papers in this journal have dealt with the idea of using hooks in physics instruction. A hook, as the name suggests, engages students in learning by triggering their attention and interest. Hooks can be any type of pedagogical approach--a question, a demonstration, a puzzle or video. They are generally short and center on the most…

Injuries from non-retention in gillnet fisheries suppress reproductive maturation in escaped fish.

PubMed

Baker, Matthew R; Swanson, Penny; Young, Graham

2013-01-01

Exploitation of fisheries resources has unintended consequences, not only in the bycatch and discard of non-target organisms, but also in damage to targeted fish that are injured by gear but not landed (non-retention). Delayed mortality due to non-retention represents lost reproductive potential in exploited stocks, while not contributing to harvest. Our study examined the physiological mechanisms by which delayed mortality occurs and the extent to which injuries related to disentanglement from commercial gear compromise reproductive success in spawning stocks of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). We found evidence for elevated stress in fish injured via non-retention in gillnet fisheries. Plasma cortisol levels correlated with the severity of disentanglement injury and were elevated in fish that developed infections related to disentanglement injuries. We also analyzed sex steroid concentrations in females (estradiol-17β and 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one) to determine whether non-retention impairs reproductive potential in escaped individuals. We demonstrate evidence for delayed or inhibited maturation in fish with disentanglement injuries. These findings have important implications for effective conservation and management of exploited fish stocks and suggest means to improve spawning success in such stocks if retention in commercial fisheries is improved and incidental mortality reduced.

Injuries from Non-Retention in Gillnet Fisheries Suppress Reproductive Maturation in Escaped Fish

PubMed Central

Baker, Matthew R.; Swanson, Penny; Young, Graham

2013-01-01

Exploitation of fisheries resources has unintended consequences, not only in the bycatch and discard of non-target organisms, but also in damage to targeted fish that are injured by gear but not landed (non-retention). Delayed mortality due to non-retention represents lost reproductive potential in exploited stocks, while not contributing to harvest. Our study examined the physiological mechanisms by which delayed mortality occurs and the extent to which injuries related to disentanglement from commercial gear compromise reproductive success in spawning stocks of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). We found evidence for elevated stress in fish injured via non-retention in gillnet fisheries. Plasma cortisol levels correlated with the severity of disentanglement injury and were elevated in fish that developed infections related to disentanglement injuries. We also analyzed sex steroid concentrations in females (estradiol-17β and 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one) to determine whether non-retention impairs reproductive potential in escaped individuals. We demonstrate evidence for delayed or inhibited maturation in fish with disentanglement injuries. These findings have important implications for effective conservation and management of exploited fish stocks and suggest means to improve spawning success in such stocks if retention in commercial fisheries is improved and incidental mortality reduced. PMID:23894510

50 CFR 622.30 - Required fishing gear.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 12 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Required fishing gear. 622.30 Section 622... Resources of the Gulf of Mexico § 622.30 Required fishing gear. For a person on board a vessel to fish for... steel circle hooks are required when fishing with natural baits. (b) Dehooking device. At least one...

Role of the Dc domain of the bacterial hook protein FlgE in hook assembly and function

PubMed Central

Moriya, Nao; Minamino, Tohru; Ferris, Hedda U.; Morimoto, Yusuke V.; Ashihara, Masamichi; Kato, Takayuki; Namba, Keiichi

2013-01-01

The bacterial flagellar hook acts as a universal joint to smoothly transmit torque produced by the motor to the filament. The hook protein FlgE assembles into a 55 nm tubular structure with the help of the hook cap (FlgD). FlgE consists of four domains, D0, Dc, D1 and D2, arranged from the inner to the outer part of the tubular structure of the hook. The Dc domain contributes to the structural stability of the hook, but it is unclear how this Dc domain is responsible for the universal joint mechanism. Here, we carried out a deletion analysis of the FlgE Dc domain. FlgEΔ4/5 with deletion of residues 30 to 49 was not secreted into the culture media. FlgEΔ5 and FlgEΔ6 with deletions of residues 40 to 49 and 50 to 59, respectively, still formed hooks, allowing the export apparatus to export the hook-filament junction proteins FlgK and FlgL and flagellin FliC. However, these deletions inhibited the replacement of the FlgD hook cap by FlgK at the hook tip, thereby abolishing filament formation. Deletion of residues 50 to 59 significantly affected hook morphology. These results suggest that the Dc domain is responsible not only for hook assembly but also for FlgE export, the interaction with FlgK, and the polymorphic supercoiling mechanism of the hook. PMID:27493542

Analysis of occupational injuries in the sea fishing industry according to the type of fishery and the fishing activity.

PubMed

Chauvin, Christine; Le Bouar, Gilbert; Lardjane, Salim

2017-01-01

Sea fishing is one of the most dangerous occupations. Numerous studies have already sought to evaluate the risk level of this occupation through the analysis of the frequency and seriousness of occupational injuries. The purpose of the present study is to analyse these accidents in terms of two main characteristics of the vessels involved: the fishery type (high seas, offshore, coastal, or inshore fishery) and the fishing activity (use of passive or active gears). Injury rates were calculated for the Brittany region and for the year 2012. A second analysis was carried out on 8,286 reported injuries that occurred in France from 2002 to 2012, while vessels were in the process of fishing. This first analysis shows that the incidence rate is very high (103 per 1,000 full-time equivalent fishermen) and that it depends more on the fishery type than on the fishing activity; the highest rates concern the offshore and the coastal fleets. Results of the second analysis show that the nature of accidents depends more on the fishing activity than on the type of fishery. These findings lead to a discussion of the causes of the highest incidence rate values and the causes of the observed variations. The discussion also involves the methodological difficulties related to the incidence rate calculations.

[Iatrogenic bile duct injuries during the process of laparoscopic cholecystectomy].

PubMed

Qian, G; Wu, M; Zhang, Y

1995-11-01

Twelve patients with iatrogenic bile duct injuries occurred during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) were treated from June 1992 to May 1994. All the patients underwent re-operation and were cured. The causes and characteristics of the injuries were: (1) perforation of the common hepatic or common bile duct caused by dissecting hook (3 cases); (2) necrosis and perforation of the common hepatic duct due to diathermic injury (1 case); (3) clamping of the common hepatic duct by Ti clip (1 case); (4) secondary high bile duct stricture following a failed end-to-end anastomosis or hepatico-cholangio-jejunostomy of the amputated common hepatic duct (5 cases); (5) delayed high bile duct stricture (2 cases). It is emphasized that the severity of bile duct injuries by LC be should not overlooked, and more experience in this field be accumulated to avoid this serious complication.

Stress analyses of B-52 pylon hooks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ko, W. L.; Schuster, L. S.

1985-01-01

The NASTRAN finite element computer program was used in the two dimensional stress analysis of B-52 carrier aircraft pylon hooks: (1) old rear hook (which failed), (2) new rear hook (improved geometry), (3) new DAST rear hook (derated geometry), and (4) front hook. NASTRAN model meshes were generated by the aid of PATRAN-G computer program. Brittle limit loads for all the four hooks were established. The critical stress level calculated from NASTRAN agrees reasonably well with the values predicted from the fracture mechanics for the failed old rear hook.

Fishing-gear restrictions and biomass gains for coral reef fishes in marine protected areas.

PubMed

Campbell, Stuart J; Edgar, Graham J; Stuart-Smith, Rick D; Soler, German; Bates, Amanda E

2018-04-01

Considerable empirical evidence supports recovery of reef fish populations with fishery closures. In countries where full exclusion of people from fishing may be perceived as inequitable, fishing-gear restrictions on nonselective and destructive gears may offer socially relevant management alternatives to build recovery of fish biomass. Even so, few researchers have statistically compared the responses of tropical reef fisheries to alternative management strategies. We tested for the effects of fishery closures and fishing gear restrictions on tropical reef fish biomass at the community and family level. We conducted 1,396 underwater surveys at 617 unique sites across a spatial hierarchy within 22 global marine ecoregions that represented 5 realms. We compared total biomass across local fish assemblages and among 20 families of reef fishes inside marine protected areas (MPAs) with different fishing restrictions: no-take, hook-and-line fishing only, several fishing gears allowed, and sites open to all fishing gears. We included a further category representing remote sites, where fishing pressure is low. As expected, full fishery closures, (i.e., no-take zones) most benefited community- and family-level fish biomass in comparison with restrictions on fishing gears and openly fished sites. Although biomass responses to fishery closures were highly variable across families, some fishery targets (e.g., Carcharhinidae and Lutjanidae) responded positively to multiple restrictions on fishing gears (i.e., where gears other than hook and line were not permitted). Remoteness also positively affected the response of community-level fish biomass and many fish families. Our findings provide strong support for the role of fishing restrictions in building recovery of fish biomass and indicate important interactions among fishing-gear types that affect biomass of a diverse set of reef fish families. © 2017 Society for Conservation Biology.

High survivorship after catch-and-release fishing suggests physiological resilience in the endothermic shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus)

PubMed Central

Lyle, Jeremy; Tracey, Sean; Currie, Suzanne; Semmens, Jayson M

2015-01-01

Abstract The shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) is a species commonly targeted by commercial and recreational anglers in many parts of the developed world. In Australia, the species is targeted by recreational anglers only, under the assumption that most of the sharks are released and populations remain minimally impacted. If released sharks do not survive, the current management strategy will need to be revised. Shortfin mako sharks are commonly subjected to lengthy angling events; however, their endothermic physiology may provide an advantage over ectothermic fishes when recovering from exercise. This study assessed the post-release survival of recreationally caught shortfin mako sharks using Survivorship Pop-up Archival Transmitting (sPAT) tags and examined physiological indicators of capture stress from blood samples as well as any injuries that may be caused by hook selection. Survival estimates were based on 30 shortfin mako sharks captured off the south-eastern coast of Australia. Three mortalities were observed over the duration of the study, yielding an overall survival rate of 90%. All mortalities occurred in sharks angled for <30 min. Sharks experienced increasing plasma lactate with longer fight times and higher sea surface temperatures (SSTs), increased plasma glucose at higher SSTs and depressed expression of heat shock protein 70 and β-hydroxybutyrate at higher SSTs. Long fight times did not impact survival. Circle hooks significantly reduced foul hooking when compared with J hooks. Under the conditions of this study, we found that physical injury associated with hook choice is likely to have contributed to an increased likelihood of mortality, whereas the high aerobic scope associated with the species' endothermy probably enabled it to cope with long fight times and the associated physiological responses to capture. PMID:27303650

Acute stress promotes post-injury brain regeneration in fish.

PubMed

Sinyakov, Michael S; Haimovich, Amihai; Avtalion, Ramy R

2017-12-01

The central nervous system and the immune system, the two major players in homeostasis, operate in the ongoing bidirectional interaction. Stress is the third player that exerts strong effect on these two 'supersystems'; yet, its impact is studied much less. In this work employing carp model, we studied the influence of preliminary stress on neural and immune networks involved in post-injury brain regeneration. The relevant in vivo models of air-exposure stress and precisely directed cerebellum injury have been developed. Neuronal regeneration was evaluated by using specific tracers of cell proliferation and differentiation. Involvement of immune networks was accessed by monitoring the expression of selected T cells markers. Contrast difference between acute and chronic stress manifested in the fact that chronically stressed fish did not survive the brain injury. Neuronal regeneration appeared as a biphasic process whereas involvement of immune system proceeded as a monophasic route. In stressed fish, immune response was fast and accompanied or even preceded neuronal regeneration. In unstressed subjects, immune response took place on the second phase of neuronal regeneration. These findings imply an intrinsic regulatory impact of acute stress on neuronal and immune factors involved in post-injury brain regeneration. Stress activates both neuronal and immune defense mechanisms and thus contributes to faster regeneration. In this context, paradoxically, acute preliminary stress might be considered a distinct asset in speeding up the following post-injury brain regeneration. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ethylene Is Not Responsible for Phytochrome-Mediated Apical Hook Exaggeration in Tomato

PubMed Central

Takahashi-Asami, Miki; Shichijo, Chizuko; Tsurumi, Seiji; Hashimoto, Tohru

2016-01-01

essential for the maintenance and development of the hook in tomato as is the case in other species lacking phytochrome-mediated hook exaggeration. A possible mechanism of phytochrome action for hook exaggeration is discussed. PMID:27933077

Getting Hooked on Physics!

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McHugh, M.; McCauley, V.

2016-12-01

A number of papers in this journal have dealt with the idea of using hooks in physics instruction. A hook, as the name suggests, engages students in learning by triggering their attention and interest. Hooks can be any type of pedagogical approach—a question, a demonstration, a puzzle or video. They are generally short and center on the most interesting aspects of a topic. Here we focus on using Conceptual Change (CC) teacher-led demonstrations as the pedagogical hook approach. Conceptual Change is an instructional method mentioned by a number of authors to stimulate interest among learners. This is where an educator presents an issue or topic that has associated misconceptions. As the teacher explains the truth behind the concept, cognitive conflict occurs and the students' initial perceptions are challenged and ideas start to change. However, the instruction used in association with the demonstrations must provide intelligible, plausible, relevant explanations so that students are convinced by the new ideas. The gap between prior knowledge and new knowledge has the potential to provide a strong stimulus for augmenting interest, engagement, and attention among students. Thus, CC can act as a hook in itself.

Penetrating Brain Injury after Suicide Attempt with Speargun: Case Study and Review of Literature

PubMed Central

Williams, John R.; Aghion, Daniel M.; Doberstein, Curtis E.; Cosgrove, G. Rees; Asaad, Wael F.

2014-01-01

Penetrating cranial injury by mechanisms other than gunshots are exceedingly rare, and so strategies and guidelines for the management of PBI are largely informed by data from higher-velocity penetrating injuries. Here, we present a case of penetrating brain injury by the low-velocity mechanism of a harpoon from an underwater fishing speargun in an attempted suicide by a 56-year-old Caucasian male. The case raised a number of interesting points in management of low-velocity penetrating brain injury (LVPBI), including benefit in delaying foreign body removal to allow for tamponade; the importance of history-taking in establishing the social/legal significance of the events surrounding the injury; the use of cerebral angiogram in all cases of PBI; advantages of using dual-energy CT to reduce artifact when available; and antibiotic prophylaxis in the context of idiosyncratic histories of usage of penetrating objects before coming in contact with the intracranial environment. We present here the management of the case in full along with an extended discussion and review of existing literature regarding key points in management of LVPBI vs. higher-velocity forms of intracranial injury. PMID:25071701

BOOK REVIEW: Robert Hooke and the Royal Society

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brown, Neil

2000-01-01

Many physics students only come across Hooke when they learn his law of stretching springs, which is a pity because it is just one of his contributions to progress in science, and a minor one at that. His, Micrographia, the first great book of microscopical observations, arouses admiration to this day. He was also active in horology, astronomy, geology and surveying, and he took part in biological experiments, transfusing blood between animals. Much of his work was done while he was curator of experiments for the Royal Society, in which he was involved almost from its foundation. This was by no means a full-time occupation, however. After the Great Fire of London, Hooke was appointed one of the three surveyors for the rebuilding of the city. One of the others was Christopher Wren, a lifelong friend. In this role Hooke was responsible for the design of several buildings, including the Monument. Nichols writes about all these activities, as well as Hooke's childhood, his education at Westminster School, the University of Oxford when Hooke was an undergraduate, and the founding of the Royal Society. The book draws on research for a master's degree. Turning a dissertation into a popular book is risky. The author has avoided the pitfall of making it too academic, but the result is not satisfying. Nichols seems overawed by Hooke and his work, frequently seeming to credit Hooke with a far-reaching influence that he did not necessarily have. There may be a case for lauding Hooke as the father of English microscopy, the father of English meteorology, and the founder of English geology and earth sciences, but it needs to be made much more critically, even in a popular work. Hooke was full of good ideas, but he rarely continued long enough to put them into practice. There is no doubt that Hooke proposed using a balance wheel and spring to improve the timekeeping of a watch, for example, but he did not have a watch made to his design until after Christiaan Huygens had

50 CFR 300.224 - Longline fishing restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Federal Register announcing that specific prohibitions will be in effect starting on that specific future... fishing trip during which the prohibitions were put into effect as announced under paragraph (e) of this... Convention Area, be stowed in a manner so as not to be readily available for fishing; specifically, the hooks...

Dietary Fish Oil Blocks the Microcirculatory Manifestations of Ischemia- Reperfusion Injury in Striated Muscle in Hamsters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lehr, Hans-Anton; Hubner, Christoph; Nolte, Dirk; Kohlschutter, Alfried; Messmer, Konrad

1991-08-01

Epidemiologic observations and experimental studies have demonstrated a protective effect of dietary fish oil on the clinical manifestations of ischemia-reperfusion injury. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we used the dorsal skinfold chamber model for intravital fluorescence microscopy of the microcirculation in striated muscle of awake hamsters. In control hamsters (n = 7), reperfusion after a 4-hr pressure-induced ischemia to the muscle tissue elicited the adhesion of fluorescently stained leukocytes to the endothelium of postcapillary venules, capillary obstruction, and the breakdown of endothelial integrity. These microvascular manifestations of ischemia-reperfusion injury were significantly attenuated in animals (n = 7) when fed with a fish oil-enriched diet for 4 weeks prior to the experiments. In leukocyte total lipids, the fish oil diet resulted in a substantial displacement of arachidonic acid, the precursor of the potent adhesionpromoting leukotriene (LT) B_4, by fish oil-derived eicosapentaenoic acid, the precursor of biologically less potent LTB_5, emphasizing the mediator role of LTB_4 in ischemia-reperfusion injury. These results suggest that the preservation of microvascular perfusion by dietary fish oil contributes to its protective effects on the clinical manifestations of ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Empirical Evidence for Species-Specific Export of Fish Naïveté from a No-Take Marine Protected Area in a Coastal Recreational Hook and Line Fishery

PubMed Central

Alós, Josep; Puiggrós, Antoni; Díaz-Gil, Carlos; Palmer, Miquel; Rosselló, Rosario; Arlinghaus, Robert

2015-01-01

No-take marine protected areas (MPAs) are assumed to enhance fisheries catch via the “spillover” effect, where biomass is exported to adjacent exploited areas. Recent studies in spearfishing fisheries suggest that the spillover of gear-naïve individuals from protected to unprotected sites increases catch rates outside the boundaries of MPAs. Whether this is a widespread phenomenon that also holds for other gear types and species is unknown. In this study, we tested if the distance to a Mediterranean MPA predicted the degree of vulnerability to hook and line in four small-bodied coastal fish species. With the assistance of underwater video recording, we investigated the interaction effect of the distance to the boundary of an MPA and species type relative to the latency time to ingest a natural bait, which was considered as a surrogate of fish naïveté or vulnerability to fishing. Vulnerability to angling increased (i.e., latency time decreased) within and near the boundary of an MPA for an intrinsically highly catchable species (Serranus scriba), while it remained constant for an intrinsically uncatchable control species (Chromis chromis). While all of the individuals of S. scriba observed within the MPA and surrounding areas were in essence captured by angling gear, only one fifth of individuals in the far locations were captured. This supports the potential for the spillover of gear-naïve and consequently more vulnerable fish from no-take MPAs. Two other species initially characterized as intermediately catchable (Coris julis and Diplodus annularis) also had a shorter latency time in the vicinity of an MPA, but for these two cases the trend was not statistically significant. Overall, our results suggest that an MPA-induced naïveté effect may not be universal and may be confined to only intrinsically highly catchable fish species. This fact emphasizes the importance of considering the behavioural dimension when predicting the outcomes of MPAs, otherwise

Empirical Evidence for Species-Specific Export of Fish Naïveté from a No-Take Marine Protected Area in a Coastal Recreational Hook and Line Fishery.

PubMed

Alós, Josep; Puiggrós, Antoni; Díaz-Gil, Carlos; Palmer, Miquel; Rosselló, Rosario; Arlinghaus, Robert

2015-01-01

No-take marine protected areas (MPAs) are assumed to enhance fisheries catch via the "spillover" effect, where biomass is exported to adjacent exploited areas. Recent studies in spearfishing fisheries suggest that the spillover of gear-naïve individuals from protected to unprotected sites increases catch rates outside the boundaries of MPAs. Whether this is a widespread phenomenon that also holds for other gear types and species is unknown. In this study, we tested if the distance to a Mediterranean MPA predicted the degree of vulnerability to hook and line in four small-bodied coastal fish species. With the assistance of underwater video recording, we investigated the interaction effect of the distance to the boundary of an MPA and species type relative to the latency time to ingest a natural bait, which was considered as a surrogate of fish naïveté or vulnerability to fishing. Vulnerability to angling increased (i.e., latency time decreased) within and near the boundary of an MPA for an intrinsically highly catchable species (Serranus scriba), while it remained constant for an intrinsically uncatchable control species (Chromis chromis). While all of the individuals of S. scriba observed within the MPA and surrounding areas were in essence captured by angling gear, only one fifth of individuals in the far locations were captured. This supports the potential for the spillover of gear-naïve and consequently more vulnerable fish from no-take MPAs. Two other species initially characterized as intermediately catchable (Coris julis and Diplodus annularis) also had a shorter latency time in the vicinity of an MPA, but for these two cases the trend was not statistically significant. Overall, our results suggest that an MPA-induced naïveté effect may not be universal and may be confined to only intrinsically highly catchable fish species. This fact emphasizes the importance of considering the behavioural dimension when predicting the outcomes of MPAs, otherwise the

Instability of hooks during bacterial flagellar swimming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jabbarzadeh, Mehdi; Fu, Henry C.; Henry Fu Team

2016-11-01

In bacteria, a flexible hook transmits torque from the rotary motor at the cell body to the flagellum. Previously, the hook has been modeled as a Kirchhoff rod between the cell body and rotating flagellum. To study effects of the hook's flexibility on the bacteria's swimming speed and trajectory for wide range hook stiffnesses and flagellum configurations, we develop an efficient simplified spring model for the hook by linearizing the Kirchhoff rod. We treat the hydrodynamics of the cell body and helical flagellum using resistance matrices calculated by the method of regularized Stokeslets. We investigate flagellar and swimming dynamics for a range of hook flexibilities and flagellar orientations relative to the cell body and compare the results to models without hook flexibility. We investigate in detail parameters corresponding to E. coli and Vibrio alginolyticus. Generally, the flagellum changes orientation relative to the cell body, undergoing an orbit with the period of the motor rotation. We find that as the hook stiffness decreases, steady-state orbits of the flagellum first become unstable before the hook buckles, which may suggest a new mechanism of flick initiation in run-reverse-flick motility. We also find that for some parameter ranges, there are multiple stable steady state orbits, which may have implications for the tumbling and turning of bacteria.

21 CFR 868.5420 - Ether hook.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Ether hook. 868.5420 Section 868.5420 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES ANESTHESIOLOGY DEVICES Therapeutic Devices § 868.5420 Ether hook. (a) Identification. An ether hook is a device...

78 FR 60018 - Requested Administrative Waiver of the Coastwise Trade Laws: Vessel HOOKED FOR REEL; Invitation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-30

... will be available for inspection and copying at the above address between 10 a.m. and 5 p.m., E.T., Monday through Friday, except federal holidays. An electronic version of this document and all documents... HOOKED FOR REEL is: INTENDED COMMERCIAL USE OF VESSEL: Sport fishing charters GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Michigan...

The Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting as tipping point: "This Time Is Different".

PubMed

Shultz, James M; Muschert, Glenn W; Dingwall, Alison; Cohen, Alyssa M

2013-01-01

Among rampage shooting massacres, the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting on December 14, 2012 galvanized public attention. In this Commentary we examine the features of this episode of gun violence that has sparked strong reactions and energized discourse that may ultimately lead toward constructive solutions to diminish high rates of firearm deaths and injuries in the United States.

Abnormally low hCG in a complete hydatidiform molar pregnancy: The hook effect.

PubMed

Nodler, James L; Kim, Kenneth H; Alvarez, Ronald D

2011-01-01

► The hook effect occurs with extremely high levels of hCG, saturating detection antibodies, leading to falsely low laboratory results. ► In the literature, descriptions of the hook effect are rare in cases of gestational trophoblastic diseases. ► If unrecognized, this can lead to delayed therapy or mismanagement of care.

High-dose hook effect in six automated human chorionic gonadotrophin assays.

PubMed

Al-Mahdili, Huda A; Jones, Graham R D

2010-07-01

The high-dose hook effect is a well-known phenomenon of two-site immunoassays including those for human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). We investigated the occurrence of a high-dose hook effect in six routinely available hCG assays using a sample with a total hCG concentration of approximately 3,600,000 IU/L. Dilutions of a sample with high hCG concentration were analysed using six common methods: Advia Centaur, Immulite 2000, Dimension RxL, Unicel DxI 800, Roche E170 and Abbott Architect. The measured concentrations and corresponding assay signals were obtained for each method. Performance was compared with manufacturer claims. Four of the tested platforms demonstrated a clear high-dose hook effect, while the other methods showed no hook effect at the highest level tested. Our results indicate that the hook effect may occur in some hCG assays, although the risk of reporting falsely low results was in most cases at higher concentrations than those indicated in manufacturers' product information. Assay design plays a major role in its occurrence. Laboratories should be aware of the assay limitations in this regard.

Subacromial morphometric assessment of the clavicle hook plate.

PubMed

ElMaraghy, Amr W; Devereaux, Moira W; Ravichandiran, Kajeandra; Agur, Anne M

2010-06-01

Clavicle hook plates are an effective plate fixation alternative for distal clavicle fractures and severe acromioclavicular joint dislocations. However, post-operative complications associated with the subacromial portion of the hook include acromial osteolysis and subacromial impingement. We examine and quantify the three-dimensional position of the subacromial portion of the hook plate relative to surrounding acromial and subacromial structures in a series of cadaveric shoulders to determine if hook positioning predisposes the shoulder to these noted post-operative complications. Fifteen cadaveric shoulders (seven males, eight females) were implanted with 15- or 18-mm hook plates. Dimensions of the acromion and hook plate were digitised and reconstructed into a three-dimensional model to measure acromion dimensions and distances of the subacromial hook relative to surrounding acromial and subacromial structures. Inter-specimen dimensions of the acromion were highly variable. Mean acromion width and thickness were greater in males than in females (p=0.01). The posterior orientation of the subacromial hook varied widely (mean posterior implantation angle=32.5+/-20 degrees, range 0-67 degrees). The hook pierced the subacromial bursa in 13/15 specimens, made contact with the belly of the supraspinatus muscle in 9/15 specimens, and had focal contact at the hook tip with the undersurface of the acromion in 9/15 specimens. The wide range of acromial dimensions leads to a high degree of variability in the positioning of the subacromial hook. The observed frequency of hook contact with surrounding subacromial structures in a static shoulder confirms that the position of the hook portion of the implant can predispose anatomic structures to the post-operative complications of subacromial impingement and bony erosion. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Stress induced by hooking, net towing, elevated sea water temperature and air in sablefish: Lack of concordance between mortality and physiological measures of stress

USGS Publications Warehouse

Davis, M.W.; Olla, B.L.; Schreck, C.B.

2001-01-01

In a series of laboratory studies designed to simulate bycatch processes, sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria were either hooked for up to 24 h or towed in a net for 4 h and then subjected to an abrupt transfer to elevated sea water temperature and air. Mortality did not result from hooking or net towing followed by exposure to air, but increased for both capture methods as fish were exposed to elevated temperatures, reflecting the magnifying effect of elevated temperature on mortality. Hooking and exposure to air resulted in increased plasma cortisol and lactate concentrations, while the combination of hooking and exposure to elevated temperature and air resulted in increased lactate and potassium concentrations. In fish that were towed in a net and exposed to air, cortisol, lactate, potassium and sodium concentrations increased, but when subjected to elevated temperature and air, no further increases occurred above the concentrations induced by net towing and air, suggesting a possible maximum of the physiological stress response. The results suggest that caution should be exercised when using physiological measures to quantify stress induced by capture and exposure to elevated temperature and air, that ultimately result in mortality, since the connections between physiological stress and mortality in bycatch processes remain to be fully understood.

Longline fishing (how what you don't know can hurt you).

PubMed

Fitzgerald, Kevin T

2013-11-01

Longline fishing utilizes monofilament lines that can be as much as 62 miles long. The line itself is buoyed by Styrofoam or plastic floats. Usually, at about every 100ft, a secondary line is attached and hangs down from the mainline. The lines are baited with mackerel, squid, or shark meat and have as many as 10,000 hooks. Every 12-24 hours, the line is hauled in, mechanically rebaited, and set back into the water behind the vessel. The baited hooks can be seen by albatross and other seabirds as they are placed in the water or being hauled out. When the birds dive for the bait, they are hooked, dragged behind the fishing boat, and drown. Spectacularly nonselective, longline fishing techniques also hook many other forms of marine life-"bycatch" (sea turtles, seals, dolphins, penguins, sharks, and many other nontarget finfish). It is estimated that 300,000 seabirds (including 100,000 albatross) die on longlines each year. Albatross are among the longest-lived birds. They can live up to 60 years and some species do not start breeding until they are 10 years old. They have a low reproductive rate and many species only breed every other year. In addition, a species like the Wandering Albatross (Diomedea exulans) rears its chicks for an average of more than 270 days. Albatross pair for life and may take years to find a new partner if their mate is killed. Owing to their incredibly low reproductive rate, albatross are particularly vulnerable to longline fishing. Currently, it is believed that 4 albatross drown per 100,000 hooks set. This is more than 400 birds a week. The current mortality rate for adult birds is not sustainable and for some species, the birds are dying faster that they can repopulate. Currently, 19 of the world's 22 albatross species are threatened with extinction. This year longline fishing ships will set 10 billion hooks worldwide. Various mitigation measures (bird-scaring lines, weighted, faster-sinking line, setting lines deeper out of the bird

29 CFR 1915.113 - Shackles and hooks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... bends or springs the hook. (3) Hooks shall be inspected periodically to see that they have not been bent by overloading. Bent or sprung hooks shall not be used. [47 FR 16986, Apr. 20, 1982, as amended at 51...

29 CFR 1915.113 - Shackles and hooks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... bends or springs the hook. (3) Hooks shall be inspected periodically to see that they have not been bent by overloading. Bent or sprung hooks shall not be used. [47 FR 16986, Apr. 20, 1982, as amended at 51...

Effects of Fishing Education Programs on Antecedents of Responsible Environmental Behavior.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siemer, William F.; Knuth, Barbara A.

2001-01-01

Investigates fishing and aquatic stewardship outcomes associated with different levels of program exposure among n=619 participants in a national fishing education program (Hooked on Fishing-Not on Drugs) designed for youth in Grades 6-8. Supports the assumption that such programs are more likely to influence antecedents to environmentally…

Fishing and casing repairs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Short, J.A.

1982-01-01

Up to 1/4 of a total drilling budget can be spent on fishing failures and downhole remedial operations. The book presented is aimed at cutting these costs. Specific examples of operations are included throughout the book to illustrate conditions in field situations. The author also discusses background conditions causing the problems and possible solutions, along with preventive measures. Also included are chapters on types of fishing tools, fishing procedures and operations, casing failures and repairs. (JMT)

[Case-control study on endobutton plate or clavicular hook plate for the repair of acromioclavicular joint dislocations].

PubMed

Zhu, Li; Yang, He-Jie; Zhao, Wan-Jun; Yang, Wu-Min; Zhou, Hui

2012-02-01

To compare the treatment results between Endobutton plate and clavicular hook plate for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocations. From January 2009 to September 2010, 30 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocations were treated with two different fixations: Endobutton plate (15 patients, including 12 males and 3 females, with a mean age of 38.5 +/- 8.2 years) and clavicular hook plate (15 patients, including 14 males and 1 female, with the mean age of 33.8 +/- 5.9 years). The mean operative time and blood loss were compared between the two groups. Joint function was assessed by the Karlsson standard. The mean operative time of the Endobutton group and the hook plate group were (61 +/- 8.6) min and (40 +/- 5.6) min. The average blood loss were (93 +/- 8.4) ml and (100 +/- 12.6) ml. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in the average blood loss and the mean operative time. According to the Karlsson standard, 13 patients got an excellent result, 2 good in the Endobutton group; and 7 patients got an excellent result and 7 good in hook plate group. The therapeutic effect in Endobutton group was better than that of hook plate group. In the treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation, fixation with Endobutton plate is believed to be better than hook plate fixation. It is an effective method for the repair of acromioclavicular joint dislocations in a short term. But its long term effects still need further follow up.

"Hooking up" among college students: demographic and psychosocial correlates.

PubMed

Owen, Jesse J; Rhoades, Galena K; Stanley, Scott M; Fincham, Frank D

2010-06-01

This study investigated 832 college students' experiences with hooking up, a term that refers to a range of physically intimate behavior (e.g., passionate kissing, oral sex, and intercourse) that occurs outside of a committed relationship. Specifically, we examined how five demographic variables (sex, ethnicity, parental income, parental divorce, and religiosity) and six psychosocial factors (e.g., attachment styles, alcohol use, psychological well-being, attitudes about hooking up, and perceptions of the family environment) related to whether individuals had hooked up in the past year. Results showed that similar proportions of men and women had hooked up but students of color were less likely to hook up than Caucasian students. More alcohol use, more favorable attitudes toward hooking up, and higher parental income were associated with a higher likelihood of having hooked up at least once in the past year. Positive, ambivalent, and negative emotional reactions to the hooking up experience(s) were also examined. Women were less likely to report that hooking up was a positive emotional experience than men. Young adults who reported negative and ambivalent emotional reactions to hooking up also reported lower psychological well-being and less favorable attitudes toward hooking up as compared to students who reported a positive hooking up experience. Based on these findings, suggestions for psychoeducational programming are offered. Additionally, directions for future research are provided.

Mechanics of plant fruit hooks

PubMed Central

Chen, Qiang; Gorb, Stanislav N.; Gorb, Elena; Pugno, Nicola

2013-01-01

Hook-like surface structures, observed in some plant species, play an important role in the process of plant growth and seed dispersal. In this study, we developed an elastic model and further used it to investigate the mechanical behaviour of fruit hooks in four plant species, previously measured in an experimental study. Based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, the force–displacement relationship is derived, and its Young's modulus is obtained. The result agrees well with the experimental data. The model aids in understanding the mechanics of hooks, and could be used in the development of new bioinspired Velcro-like materials. PMID:23365190

Robert Hooke, 1635-1703.

PubMed

Rowbury, Robin

2012-01-01

Robert Hooke was a polymath whose expertise during the 17th century spanned many different scientific areas. As a schoolboy on the Isle of Wight he was obsessed with the possibility of human flight and later became equally absorbed in cosmology and planetary motion. His skills as an artist were put to good use both as an architect following the Great Fire of London and before that in Micrographia. Although that book is best known for demonstrating the power of Hooke's microscope, Micrographia describes distant planetary bodies, the wave theory of light, the organic origin of fossils, and various other philosophical and scientific interests of its author The following thumbnail sketches of Hooke reveal him to be a man of enormous energy and imagination whose ideas were often pirated or under-rated.

Work related injuries in small scale commercial fishing

PubMed Central

Marshall, S; Kucera, K; Loomis, D; McDonald, M; Lipscomb, H

2004-01-01

Objective: To describe the epidemiology of work related injury in a group of small scale, independent commercial fishers. Design: Cross sectional survey (baseline instrument of a prospective cohort study). Setting and subjects: Commercial fishers in eastern North Carolina. Results: A cohort of 219 commercial fishers was established and 215 subjects completed an injury questionnaire. The main types of fishing conducted by the cohort were finfishing (159/215) and crabbing (154/215). Of the 215 fishers, 83 reported that they had suffered an injury event in the previous 12 months, a retrospective recall incidence proportion of 38.6 per 100 workers (95% confidence interval 32.1 to 45.1). The 83 injury events resulted in 94 injuries; 47% were penetrating wounds and 24% were strains/sprains. Half of injuries were to the hand/wrist/digits and 13% were to the back. Of the penetrating wounds, 87% were to the hand/wrist/digits, 32% became infected, and 80% were caused by contact with finfish, shellfish, or other marine animal. Of the strains/sprains, 48% were to the back and 26% were to the shoulder. Seventy percent of strains/sprains were caused by moving heavy objects, mainly either while hauling in nets, pots, or lines or loading/unloading the boat. Conclusion: In this group of small scale, independent fishers, the most common reported injuries were penetrating wounds to the hand/wrist/digits from marine animals and strains/sprains to the back while moving heavy objects. PMID:15314048

Synthetic Minor NSR Permit: Van Hook Crude Terminal, LLC - Van Hook Crude Terminal/Rail Loading Facility

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This page contains the current effective synthetic minor NSR permit for the Van Hook Crude Terminal, LLC, Van Hook Crude Terminal/Rail Loading Facility, located on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation in Mountrail County, ND.

Extremely high myoglobin plasma concentrations producing hook effect in a critically ill patient.

PubMed

Kurt-Mangold, Michelle; Drees, Denny; Krasowski, Matthew D

2012-12-24

A 21-year old female suffered a cardiac arrest after a one week history of viral illness later shown to be caused by influenza B. The patient required extended cardiopulmonary resuscitation and had further complications including compartment syndrome. Plasma myoglobin concentration was measured using the Roche Diagnostics electrochemiluminescent myoglobin assay. The myoglobin concentration was 205,590 μg/l in an undiluted specimen, consistent with severe rhabdomyolysis. Subsequent myoglobin concentrations measured two days later showed dramatic decreases to approximately 1000 μg/l, raising suspicion of a hook effect. Dilution and re-analysis of the specimens revealed that the actual myoglobin concentrations were >395,000 μg/l, with one specimen possessing an estimated myoglobin concentration of >600,000 μg/l. Interestingly, three specimens from this patient did not show evidence of hook effect, with undiluted specimens producing myoglobin concentrations as high as 284,000 μg/l. Retrospective analysis of myoglobin results over an 8-year period did not reveal other cases with suspicion of hook effect. The case patient had the highest myoglobin concentrations out of 7301 specimens. This case illustrates that while the Roche myoglobin assay has a very wide dynamic range, hook effect can occur with extremely high concentrations of plasma myoglobin. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Designing physics video hooks for science students

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McHugh, M.; McCauley, V.

2016-01-01

This paper offers an insight into the design structure of physics video hooks that were developed by the Science Education Resource design team in the school of education (SOE) in National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI Galway). A hook, is an instructional technique used to stimulate student attention (Hunter 1994, Lemov 2010), interest (Jewett 2013) and engagement (McCrory 2011, Riendeau 2013). The physics video hooks followed a design framework that is illustrated below by breaking down the centre of gravity (COG) hook. Various design principles and elements embedded within the COG hook are presented with examples and the time they occur within the video. The intention of this article is that the design can be replicated and modified to aid teachers and designers in the development of a multitude of classroom based multimedia resources.

Effects of host injury on susceptibility of marine reef fishes to ectoparasitic gnathiid isopods

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jenkins, William G.; Demopoulos, Amanda W.J.; Sikkel, Paul C.

2018-01-01

The importance of the role that parasites play in ecological communities is becoming increasingly apparent. However much about their impact on hosts and thus populations and communities remains poorly understood. A common observation in wild populations is high variation in levels of parasite infestation among hosts. While high variation could be due to chance encounter, there is increasing evidence to suggest that such patterns are due to a combination of environmental, host, and parasite factors. In order to examine the role of host condition on parasite infection, rates of Gnathia marleyi infestation were compared between experimentally injured and uninjured fish hosts. Experimental injuries were similar to the minor wounds commonly observed in nature. The presence of the injury significantly increased the probability of infestation by gnathiids. However, the level of infestation (i.e., total number of gnathiid parasites) for individual hosts, appeared to be unaffected by the treatment. The results from this study indicate that injuries obtained by fish in nature may carry the additional cost of increased parasite burden along with the costs typically associated with physical injury. These results suggest that host condition may be an important factor in determining the likelihood of infestation by a common coral reef fish ectoparasite, G. marleyi.

Clathrin-Mediated Auxin Efflux and Maxima Regulate Hypocotyl Hook Formation and Light-Stimulated Hook Opening in Arabidopsis.

PubMed

Yu, Qinqin; Zhang, Ying; Wang, Juan; Yan, Xu; Wang, Chao; Xu, Jian; Pan, Jianwei

2016-01-04

The establishment of auxin maxima by PIN-FORMED 3 (PIN3)- and AUXIN RESISTANT 1/LIKE AUX1 (LAX) 3 (AUX1/LAX3)-mediated auxin transport is essential for hook formation in Arabidopsis hypocotyls. Until now, however, the underlying regulatory mechanism has remained poorly understood. Here, we show that loss of function of clathrin light chain CLC2 and CLC3 genes enhanced auxin maxima and thereby hook curvature, alleviated the inhibitory effect of auxin overproduction on auxin maxima and hook curvature, and delayed blue light-stimulated auxin maxima reduction and hook opening. Moreover, pharmacological experiments revealed that auxin maxima formation and hook curvature in clc2 clc3 were sensitive to auxin efflux inhibitors 1-naphthylphthalamic acid and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid but not to the auxin influx inhibitor 1-naphthoxyacetic acid. Live-cell imaging analysis further uncovered that loss of CLC2 and CLC3 function impaired PIN3 endocytosis and promoted its lateralization in the cortical cells but did not affect AUX1 localization. Taken together, these results suggest that clathrin regulates auxin maxima and thereby hook formation through modulating PIN3 localization and auxin efflux, providing a novel mechanism that integrates developmental signals and environmental cues to regulate plant skotomorphogenesis and photomorphogenesis. Copyright © 2016 The Author. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Management of an ingested fish bone in the lung using video-assist thoracic surgery: a case report.

PubMed

Tan, Sichuang; Tan, Sipin; Peng, Muyun; Yu, Fenglei

2015-06-01

We report a case of lung abscess caused by an ingested fish bone that was successfully treated by minimally invasive surgery. Although cases of ingested foreign body abscess are well reported, lung abscess caused by ingested fish bone is extremely rare. To date, less than 10 similar cases have been reported in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, the case presented in this case report is the first report of this kind that was successfully treated by video-assist thoracic surgery (VATS). A 47-year-old man was admitted to department of thoracic surgery with the complaint of continues dry cough and fever. The patient accidentally swallowed a long sharp-blade-shaped fish bone 20 days before, which perforated the upper thoracic esophagus on the right and embedded in the right upper lobe.The diagnosis was verified by computed tomography scan and a video-assist thoracic surgery procedure was successfully performed to treat the patient. The patient survived the esophageal perforation fortunately without involvement of great vessel injury and probable mediastinitis. This report may provide additional experience on lung abscess caused by ingested fish bones. However, it is also important to educate the public of the risks of trying to force an ingested object down into the stomach.

Does Subacromial Osteolysis Affect Shoulder Function after Clavicle Hook Plating?

PubMed Central

Sun, Siwei; Gan, Minfeng; Sun, Han; Wu, Guizhong; Yang, Huilin; Zhou, Feng

2016-01-01

Purpose. To evaluate whether subacromial osteolysis, one of the major complications of the clavicle hook plate procedure, affects shoulder function. Methods. We had performed a retrospective study of 72 patients diagnosed with a Neer II lateral clavicle fracture or Degree-III acromioclavicular joint dislocation in our hospital from July 2012 to December 2013. All these patients had undergone surgery with clavicle hook plate and were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of subacromial osteolysis. By using the Constant-Murley at the first follow-up visit after plates removal, we evaluated patients' shoulder function to judge if it has been affected by subacromial osteolysis. Results. We have analyzed clinical data for these 72 patients, which shows that there is no significant difference between group A (39 patients) and group B (33 patients) in age, gender, injury types or side, and shoulder function (the Constant-Murley scores are 93.38 ± 3.56 versus 94.24 ± 3.60, P > 0.05). Conclusion. The occurrence of subacromial osteolysis is not rare, and also it does not significantly affect shoulder function. PMID:27034937

In vivo analysis of acromioclavicular joint motion after hook plate fixation using three-dimensional computed tomography.

PubMed

Kim, Yoon Sang; Yoo, Yon-Sik; Jang, Seong Wook; Nair, Ayyappan Vijayachandran; Jin, Hyonki; Song, Hyun-Seok

2015-07-01

The clavicle hook plate can be used to treat acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligament injury or distal clavicular fracture with comminution. However, the hook plate can induce subacromial impingement, resulting in discomfort from the hardware. Our inclusion criteria were (1) men and women aged older than 20 years and (2) the presence of comminuted distal clavicular fractures (Neer type IIB) fixed with a hook plate (Synthes, Oberdorf, Switzerland). Three-dimensional computed tomography was obtained before removal of the hook plate. Seven patients were enrolled prospectively. The mean age was 42 years (range, 24-60 years). Zero degree images and abduction images were obtained. The sagittal cut surface was obtained 5 mm medial from the distal clavicle. The equator of the cut surface of the clavicle was compared with the full abduction model to analyze rotation. The center of the cut surface of the clavicle was compared with the full abduction model to analyze translation. The average difference in rotation of the distal clavicle between both shoulders was 16° (range, 3°-22°; P = .001). The mean difference in anterior translation of the distal clavicle was 2.2 mm (range, -0.7 to 5.6 mm; P = .030). Hook plate fixation at the acromioclavicular joint causes decreased internal rotation and increased anterior translation of the distal clavicle with respect to the medial acromion, indicating that the scapula relative to the thorax has decreased posterior tilting and increased external rotation in shoulders fixed using a hook plate. Copyright © 2015 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cooling system for three hook ring segment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Campbell, Christian X.; Eng, Darryl; Lee, Ching-Pang

2014-08-26

A triple hook ring segment including forward, midsection and aft mounting hooks for engagement with respective hangers formed on a ring segment carrier for supporting a ring segment panel, and defining a forward high pressure chamber and an aft low pressure chamber on opposing sides of the midsection mounting hook. An isolation plate is provided on the aft side of the midsection mounting hook to form an isolation chamber between the aft low pressure chamber and the ring segment panel. High pressure air is supplied to the forward chamber and flows to the isolation chamber through crossover passages in themore » midsection hook. The isolation chamber provides convection cooling air to an aft portion of the ring segment panel and enables a reduction of air pressure in the aft low pressure chamber to reduce leakage flow of cooling air from the ring segment.« less

Evaluation of Common Angling-Induced Sources of Epithelial Damage for Popular Freshwater Sport Fish using Fluorescein

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Colotelo, Alison HA; Cooke, Steven J.

Angling is a popular recreational activity across the globe and a large proportion of fish captured by anglers are released due to voluntary or mandatory catch-and-release practices. The handling associated with hook removal and return of the fish to their environment can cause physical damage to the epidermal layer of the fish which may affect the condition and survival of released fish. This study investigated possible sources of epithelial damage associated with several different handling methods (i.e. landing net types, interactions with different boat floor surfaces, tournament procedures) commonly used in recreational angling for two popular freshwater sport fish species,more » largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and northern pike (Esox lucius). Epithelial damage was examined using fluorescein, a non-toxic dye, which has been shown to detect latent epithelial damage. Northern pike exhibited extensive epithelial damage after exposure to several of the induced treatments (i.e., interaction with a carpeted surface, knotted nylon net, and line rolling) but relatively little epithelial damage when exposed to others (i.e., knotless rubber nets, smooth boat surfaces, or lip gripping devices). Largemouth bass did not show significant epithelial damage for any of the treatments, with the exception of fish caught in a semi-professional live release tournament. The detection of latent injuries using fluorescein can be an important management tool as it provides visual examples of potential damage that can be caused by different handling methods. Such visualizations can be used to encourage fish friendly angler behaviour and enhance the survival and welfare of released fish. It can also be used to test new products that are intended to or claim to reduce injury to fish that are to be released. Future research should evaluate the relationship between different levels of epithelial damage and mortality across a range of environmental conditions.« less

The Topic Is Sandy Hook: A Program for Gifted and Talented Students at Sandy Hook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grant, David

"The Topic Is Sandy Hook" is an experiential 10-week program designed to provide special opportunities and educational experiences for 6th to 10th grade gifted and talented students. Sandy Hook, a natural resource in Monmouth County, New Jersey, is unique in its physical and historical features and provides an exceptionally rich environment in…

Targeting Abundant Fish Stocks while Avoiding Overfished Species: Video and Fishing Surveys to Inform Management after Long-Term Fishery Closures

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Historically, it has been difficult to balance conservation goals and yield objectives when managing multispecies fisheries that include stocks with various vulnerabilities to fishing. As managers try to maximize yield in mixed-stock fisheries, exploitation rates can lead to less productive stocks becoming overfished. In the late 1990s, population declines of several U.S. West Coast groundfish species caused the U.S. Pacific Fishery Management Council to create coast-wide fishery closures, known as Rockfish Conservation Areas, to rebuild overfished species. The fishery closures and other management measures successfully reduced fishing mortality of these species, but constrained fishing opportunities on abundant stocks. Restrictive regulations also caused the unintended consequence of reducing fishery-dependent data available to assess population status of fished species. As stocks rebuild, managers are faced with the challenge of increasing fishing opportunities while minimizing fishing mortality on rebuilding species. We designed a camera system to evaluate fishes in coastal habitats and used experimental gear and fishing techniques paired with video surveys to determine if abundant species could be caught in rocky habitats with minimal catches of co-occurring rebuilding species. We fished a total of 58 days and completed 741 sets with vertical hook-and-line fishing gear. We also conducted 299 video surveys in the same locations where fishing occurred. Comparison of fishing and stereo-video surveys indicated that fishermen could fish with modified hook-and-line gear to catch abundant species while limiting bycatch of rebuilding species. As populations of overfished species continue to recover along the U.S. West Coast, it is important to improve data collection, and video and fishing surveys may be key to assessing species that occur in rocky habitats. PMID:28002499

Targeting Abundant Fish Stocks while Avoiding Overfished Species: Video and Fishing Surveys to Inform Management after Long-Term Fishery Closures.

PubMed

Starr, Richard M; Gleason, Mary G; Marks, Corina I; Kline, Donna; Rienecke, Steve; Denney, Christian; Tagini, Anne; Field, John C

2016-01-01

Historically, it has been difficult to balance conservation goals and yield objectives when managing multispecies fisheries that include stocks with various vulnerabilities to fishing. As managers try to maximize yield in mixed-stock fisheries, exploitation rates can lead to less productive stocks becoming overfished. In the late 1990s, population declines of several U.S. West Coast groundfish species caused the U.S. Pacific Fishery Management Council to create coast-wide fishery closures, known as Rockfish Conservation Areas, to rebuild overfished species. The fishery closures and other management measures successfully reduced fishing mortality of these species, but constrained fishing opportunities on abundant stocks. Restrictive regulations also caused the unintended consequence of reducing fishery-dependent data available to assess population status of fished species. As stocks rebuild, managers are faced with the challenge of increasing fishing opportunities while minimizing fishing mortality on rebuilding species. We designed a camera system to evaluate fishes in coastal habitats and used experimental gear and fishing techniques paired with video surveys to determine if abundant species could be caught in rocky habitats with minimal catches of co-occurring rebuilding species. We fished a total of 58 days and completed 741 sets with vertical hook-and-line fishing gear. We also conducted 299 video surveys in the same locations where fishing occurred. Comparison of fishing and stereo-video surveys indicated that fishermen could fish with modified hook-and-line gear to catch abundant species while limiting bycatch of rebuilding species. As populations of overfished species continue to recover along the U.S. West Coast, it is important to improve data collection, and video and fishing surveys may be key to assessing species that occur in rocky habitats.

A Preliminary Assessment of Barotrauma Injuries and Acclimation Studies for Three Fish Species

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brown, Richard S.; Walker, Ricardo W.; Stephenson, John R.

Fish that pass hydro structures either through turbine passage, deep spill, or other deep pathways can experience rapid decreases in pressure that can result in barotrauma. In addition to morphology and physiology of the fish’s swim bladder, the severity of barotrauma is directly related to the volume of undissolved gas in fish prior to rapid decompression and the lowest pressure the fish experience as they pass hydro structures (termed the “nadir”). The volume of undissolved gas in fish is influenced by the depth of acclimation (the pressure at which the fish is neutrally buoyant); therefore, determining the depth where fishmore » are neutrally buoyant is a critical precursor to determining the relationship between pressure changes and injury or mortality.« less

Microanatomy of the cochlear hook

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kwan, Changyow Claire; Tan, Xiaodong; Stock, Stuart R.; Soriano, Carmen; Xiao, Xianghui; Richter, Claus-Peter

2017-09-01

Communication among humans occurs through coding and decoding of acoustic information. The inner ear or cochlea acts as a frequency analyzer and divides the acoustic signal into small frequency bands, which are processed at different sites along the cochlea. The mechano-electrical conversion is accomplished by the soft tissue structures in the cochlea. While the anatomy for most of the cochlea has been well described, a detailed description of the very high frequency and vulnerable cochlear hook region is missing. To study the cochlear hook, mice cochleae were imaged with synchrotron radiation and high-resolution reconstructions have been made from the tomographic scans. This is the first detailed description of the bony and soft tissues of the hook region of the mammalian cochlea.

Resolution of fish allergy: a case report.

PubMed

Solensky, Roland

2003-10-01

Fish allergy is one of the most common food allergies, and it is believed to be lifelong. There are no published reports, to my knowledge, of resolution of fish allergy. To report a case of resolution of IgE-mediated fish allergy. The patient was a 68-year-old man with a history of fish-induced anaphylaxis who had previously undergone prick-puncture skin testing to several fish species. Additional skin testing was performed in October 2002. Subsequently, he underwent an open challenge with halibut. The patient's previous skin tests showed him to have strongly positive reactions to several fish species. However, testing performed in October 2002 produced negative results to a number of fish species. In addition, he tolerated an open challenge with halibut. In the ensuing 8 months, he has regularly ingested salmon, cod, and halibut without experiencing any allergic reactions. This case illustrates that fish allergy is not invariably lifelong. Hence, allergists should consider reevaluating the allergy status of adults with a history of fish hypersensitivity.

[Clinical characteristics and surgical management of Eyres type V coracoid fracture combined with superior shoulder suspensory complex injury].

PubMed

Liu, Hongzhi; Qiu, Changmao; Liu, Zhaojie; Zhang, Yinguang; Tian, Wei; Jia, Jian

2014-12-01

To investigate the clinical characteristics of Eyres type V coracoid fracture combined with superior shoulder suspensory complex (SSSC) injuries, and the effectiveness of open reduction and fixation. Between March 2004 and July 2012, 13 patients with Eyres type V coracoid fracture and SSSC injuries were treated. There were 10 males and 3 females with an average age of 41 years (range, 23-59 years). Injury was caused by falling from height in 4 cases, by traffic accident in 6 cases, and by impact of the heavy weight in 3 cases. The interval from injury to operation was 3-10 days (mean, 5.2 days). SSSC injuries included 9 cases of acromioclavicular joint dislocation, 5 cases of clavicular fractures, and 4 cases of acromion fractures. The coracoid fractures were fixed with cannulated screws; the acromioclavicular joint dislocations were fixed with hook plate (6 cases) or Kirschner wires (2 case) except 1 untreated case; the clavicular fractures were fixed with anatomical locking plate (3 cases) and hook plate (2 cases); the acromion fractures were fixed with cannulated screws (1 case), Kirschner wires (2 cases), or both of them (1 case). The mean operation time was 158.0 minutes (range, 100-270 minutes), and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 207.7 mL (range, 150-300 mL). The other patients obtained primary healing of incision except 1 patient who had inflammation around incision, which was cured after change dressing. All patients were followed up for 22.6 months on average (range, 17-35 months). All fractures achieved union at a mean time of 3.6 months (range, 2-6 months). No nerve injury and implant fixation failure complications were observed. At last follow-up, the Constant score and the disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score had a significant improvement when compared with scores at pre-operation (P < 0.05). The shoulder range of motion in flexion, abduction, and external rotation at last follow-up were significantly higher than those at pre

Two fault tolerant toggle-hook release

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Graves, Thomas Joseph (Inventor); Brown, Christopher William (Inventor)

1991-01-01

A coupling device is disclosed which is mechanically two fault tolerant for release. The device comprises a fastener plate and fastener body, each of which is attachable to a different one of a pair of structures to be joined. The fastener plate and body are coupled by an elongate toggle mounted at one end in a socket on the fastener plate for universal pivotal movement thereon. The other end of the toggle is received in an opening in the fastener body and adapted for limited pivotal movement therein. The toggle is adapted to be restrained by three latch hooks arranged in symmetrical equiangular spacing about the axis of the toggle, each hook being mounted on the fastener body for pivotal movement between an unlatching non-contact position with respect to the toggle and a latching position in engagement with a latching surface of the toggle. The device includes releasable lock means for locking each latch hook in its latching position whereby the toggle couples the fastener plate to the fastener body and means for releasing the lock means to unlock each said latch hook from the latch position whereby the unlocking of at least one of the latch hooks from its latching position results in the decoupling of the fastener plate from the fastener body.

30 CFR 56.19075 - Use of open hooks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Use of open hooks. 56.19075 Section 56.19075 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Hoisting Procedures § 56.19075 Use of open hooks. Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other...

30 CFR 56.19075 - Use of open hooks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Use of open hooks. 56.19075 Section 56.19075 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Hoisting Procedures § 56.19075 Use of open hooks. Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other...

30 CFR 56.19075 - Use of open hooks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Use of open hooks. 56.19075 Section 56.19075 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Hoisting Procedures § 56.19075 Use of open hooks. Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other...

30 CFR 57.19075 - Use of open hooks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Use of open hooks. 57.19075 Section 57.19075 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Hoisting Procedures § 57.19075 Use of open hooks. Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other...

30 CFR 56.19075 - Use of open hooks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Use of open hooks. 56.19075 Section 56.19075 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Hoisting Procedures § 56.19075 Use of open hooks. Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other...

30 CFR 57.19075 - Use of open hooks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Use of open hooks. 57.19075 Section 57.19075 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Hoisting Procedures § 57.19075 Use of open hooks. Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other...

30 CFR 57.19075 - Use of open hooks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Use of open hooks. 57.19075 Section 57.19075 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Hoisting Procedures § 57.19075 Use of open hooks. Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other...

30 CFR 57.19075 - Use of open hooks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Use of open hooks. 57.19075 Section 57.19075 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Hoisting Procedures § 57.19075 Use of open hooks. Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other...

30 CFR 56.19075 - Use of open hooks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Use of open hooks. 56.19075 Section 56.19075 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Hoisting Procedures § 56.19075 Use of open hooks. Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other...

30 CFR 57.19075 - Use of open hooks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Use of open hooks. 57.19075 Section 57.19075 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Hoisting Procedures § 57.19075 Use of open hooks. Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other...

Potential Usefulness of the Kampo Medicine Yokukansan, Containing Uncaria Hook, for Paediatric Emotional and Behavioural Disorders: A Case Series

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background. Paediatric emotional and behavioural disorders (EBD) are relatively common diseases. Although nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments are utilized in these cases, it is sometimes difficult to manage the symptoms of EBD. Historically, Uncaria hook has been used for treating nighttime crying and convulsions in children. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that the Kampo medicine Yokukansan (YKS), which contains Uncaria hook, is efficacious for behaviour disorders in Alzheimer's disease patients. Herein, we investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of YKS in a series of cases with paediatric EBD. Patients and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed all paediatric patients who sought Japanese Kampo therapy at our outpatient clinics between April 1, 2012, and April 30, 2013; we selected patients who were diagnosed with paediatric EBD and were treated with YKS. Results. After screening all candidates, 3 patients were eligible for this analysis. Their average age was 11.6 years (range 10–13 years). All 3 patients responded very well to YKS within 1 month. No drug-related adverse events were observed during the course of YKS treatment. Conclusion. Yokukansan may be efficacious for paediatric EBD. We believe these results warrant further evaluation of the clinical efficacy and safety of Yokukansan for paediatric EBD in a carefully designed, double-blind, randomized clinical study. PMID:24204394

Hook1 inhibits malignancy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma.

PubMed

Sun, Xu; Zhang, Qi; Chen, Wei; Hu, Qida; Lou, Yu; Fu, Qi-Han; Zhang, Jing-Ying; Chen, Yi-Wen; Ye, Long-Yun; Wang, Yi; Xie, Shang-Zhi; Hu, Li-Qiang; Liang, Ting-Bo; Bai, Xue-Li

2017-07-01

Hook1 is a member of the hook family of coiled-coil proteins, which is recently found to be associated with malignant tumors. However, its biological function in hepatocellular carcinoma is yet unknown. Here, we evaluated the Hook1 levels in human hepatocellular carcinoma samples and matched peritumoral tissues by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Small interfering RNA knockdown and a transforming growth factor-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition model were employed to investigate the biological effects of Hook1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Our results indicated that Hook1 levels were significantly lower in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues than in the peritumoral tissues. In addition, Hook1 expression was significantly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy. Hook1 was downregulated after transforming growth factor-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, Hook1 knockdown promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition and attenuated the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to doxorubicin. In summary, our results indicate that downregulation of Hook1 plays a pivotal role in hepatocellular carcinoma progression via epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Hook1 may be used as a novel marker and therapeutic molecular target in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hook plate fixation for acute acromioclavicular dislocations without coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction: a functional outcome study in military personnel.

PubMed

Kumar, Narinder; Sharma, Vyom

2015-08-01

The aim of our study was to evaluate the shoulder function after clavicular hook plate fixation of acute acromioclavicular dislocations (Rockwood type III) in a population group consisting exclusively of high-demand military personnel. This prospective study was carried out at a tertiary care military orthopaedic centre during 2012-2013 using clavicular hook plate for management of acromioclavicular injuries without coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction in 33 patients. All patients underwent routine implant removal after 16 weeks. The functional outcome was assessed at 3, 6 and 12 months after hook plate removal and 2 years from the initial surgery using the Constant Murley and UCLA Scores. All the patients were male serving soldiers and had sustained acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Rockwood type III). Mean age of the patient group was 34.24 years (21-55 years). The mean follow-up period in this study was 23.5 months (20-26 months) after hook plate fixation and an average of 19.9 months (17-22 months) after hook plate removal. The average Constant Score at 3 months after hook plate removal was 60.3 as compared to 83.7 and 90.3 at 6 months and 1 year, respectively, and an average of 91.8 at the last follow-up that was approximately 2 years after initial surgery which was statistically significant (p value <0.05). The UCLA Score was an average of 15.27, 25.9 and 30.1 at 3, 6 months and 1 year, respectively, after removal of hook plate which improved further an average of 32.3 at the last follow-up, which was also statistically significant (p value <0.05). Clavicular hook plate fixation without coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction is a good option for acute acromioclavicular dislocations producing excellent medium-term functional results in high-demand soldiers.

Solar powered fishing lure

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Buchanan, B.J.

1986-12-02

This patent describes a solar powered fishing lure, comprising (a) a lure body carried on a fishing line proximate a hook, to be pulled in the water, (b) a solar cell on the body and proximate one side thereof to receive sunlight transmitted in the water and develop electrical power, and means carried by the body and receiving power from the cell to provide an output which tends to attract fish to the lure, (c) and means on the lure to cause the lure to cooperate with water flowing relatively past the lure to cause the front of the linemore » to be elevated relative to the rear of the lure, and the cell to face upwardly.« less

Fish and fisher behaviour influence the vulnerability of groupers (Epinephelidae) to fishing at a multispecies spawning aggregation site

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robinson, J.; Graham, N. A. J.; Cinner, J. E.; Almany, G. R.; Waldie, P.

2015-06-01

Targeted fishing of spawning aggregations is a major contributor to extinction risk in numerous species of grouper (Epinephelidae). Marine reserves are often used to protect spawning aggregation sites, including multispecies sites shared by several species of grouper. However, marine reserves may be biologically, socioeconomically or culturally unviable in some fisheries, and alternative management actions must be explored. Implementing effective management actions that control rather than prohibit fishing requires an improved understanding of how species vary in their vulnerability to fishing gears and respond to changes in fishing effort. To estimate sources of variability in vulnerability to fishing (i.e. catchability), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) and other fisheries data were collected in parallel with underwater visual census-derived estimates of aggregation size at a multispecies spawning site of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and E. polyphekadion. Despite having similar abundances, E. polyphekadion was eightfold more vulnerable to capture by hook-and-line gear, clearly outcompeting its congener for bait. Contrasting with the common assumption of a proportional relationship, the CPUE of both species was unrelated to the size of their respective aggregations. Moreover, the CPUE of each species was unrelated to hook size and depth fished. However, E. polyphekadion CPUE declined as the density of fishing effort increased at the site, with gear saturation identified as the likely mechanism for this effect. E. fuscoguttatus CPUE was negatively related to the size of aggregations formed by its congener, stemming from the superior competitiveness and therefore higher selectivity of the gear for E. polyphekadion. Our findings demonstrate that CPUE is an unreliable indicator of spawning aggregation status. The other sources of variation in CPUE that we identify have implications for gear-based management, which must be based on understanding of gear selectivity for

Robert Hooke's model of memory.

PubMed

Hintzman, Douglas L

2003-03-01

In 1682 the scientist and inventor Robert Hooke read a lecture to the Royal Society of London, in which he described a mechanistic model of human memory. Yet few psychologists today seem to have heard of Hooke's memory model. The lecture addressed questions of encoding, memory capacity, repetition, retrieval, and forgetting--some of these in a surprisingly modern way. Hooke's model shares several characteristics with the theory of Richard Semon, which came more than 200 years later, but it is more complete. Among the model's interesting properties are that (1) it allows for attention and other top-down influences on encoding; (2) it uses resonance to implement parallel, cue-dependent retrieval; (3) it explains memory for recency; (4) it offers a single-system account of repetition priming; and (5) the power law of forgetting can be derived from the model's assumptions in a straightforward way.

[A new type sternoclavicular hook plate for unstable sternoclavicular joint dislocation and fracture].

PubMed

Zhang, Chuan-Yi; Lin, Lie; Liang, Jun-Bo; Wang, Bin; Chen, Guo-Fu; Chen, Hai-Xiao

2016-11-25

To evaluate the therapeutic effect of a new type sternoclavicular hook plate fixation in treating unstable sternoclavicular joint dislocation and fracture. From June 2011 to December 2013, 32 patients with sternoclavicular joint dislocation and fracture were treated with a new type sternoclavicular hook plate fixation, including 24 males and 8 females with an average age of 42 years ranging from 25 to 76 years;12 patients were anterior dislocation, 5 pations were posterior dislocation, 10 patients were internal extremity of clavicle fracture and 5 patients were sternoclavicular joint dislocation combined with fracture. The anterior fracture dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint adopted standard sternoclavicular joint hook plate, and the posterior dislocation was at the distal end of the hook of the steel plate, that is, the front part of the handle of the breast was added with a nut and a gasket to prevent the re-dislocation after operation. The results were evaluated according to Rockwood score. No complication happened in all patients. X-ray and CT showed that the dislocation and fracture of the sternoclavicular joint was well reduced and the plate was on right position. All patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months with an average of 10 months. At 6 to 3 months after operation, the fracture was healing without re-dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint, the medial end of the clavicle anatomical structure were restored, functional satisfaction, in which 9 patients with the swelling around sternoclavicular joint, but no pain and other symptoms. The total Rockwood score was 12.78±1.43; the results were excellent in 24 cases, good in 8 cases. The use of the new type of locking hook plate for the treatment of unstable fracture of the sternoclavicular joint, internal fixation is reliable, high security, easy to operate, to provide a reliable method for the treatment of such trauma.

Hooking Up and Identity Development of Female College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kooyman, Leslie; Pierce, Gloria; Zavadil, Amy

2011-01-01

Hooking up generally involves casual sex with noncommittal partners. Hooking up is prevalent on college campuses today and can negatively affect the identity development of female students. The authors examined this phenomenon with a feminist developmental perspective, evaluating hooking up in the context of sexual risk taking with physical and…

In vitro Antioxidant of a Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from Dendrobium fimhriatum Hook.var.oculatum Hook

PubMed Central

Luo, Aoxue; Fan, Yijun

2011-01-01

A water-soluble crude polysaccharide (DFHP) obtained from the aqueous extracts of the stem of Dendrobium fimhriatum Hook.var.oculatum Hook through hot water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, was found to have an average molecular weight (Mw) of about 209.3 kDa. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that DFHP was composed of mannose, glucose and galactose in a content ratio of 37.52%; 43.16%; 19.32%. The investigation of antioxidant activity in vitro showed that DFHP is a potential antioxidant. PMID:21747725

Can hook-bending be let off the hook? Bending/unbending of pliant tools by cockatoos.

PubMed

Laumer, I B; Bugnyar, T; Reber, S A; Auersperg, A M I

2017-09-13

The spontaneous crafting of hook-tools from bendable material to lift a basket out of a vertical tube in corvids has widely been used as one of the prime examples of animal tool innovation. However, it was recently suggested that the animals' solution was hardly innovative but strongly influenced by predispositions from habitual tool use and nest building. We tested Goffin's cockatoo, which is neither a specialized tool user nor a nest builder, on a similar task set-up. Three birds individually learned to bend hook tools from straight wire to retrieve food from vertical tubes and four subjects unbent wire to retrieve food from horizontal tubes. Pre-experience with ready-made hooks had some effect but was not necessary for success. Our results indicate that the ability to represent and manufacture tools according to a current need does not require genetically hardwired behavioural routines, but can indeed arise innovatively from domain general cognitive processing. © 2017 The Authors.

[Comparison of double titanium plate and clavicular hook plate for the treatment of Neer II distal clavicular fracture].

PubMed

Xu, Qian; Wang, Qiang-Mao; He, Jian-Fei; Sun, Wei-Guo; Chen, Xian-Wei

2016-12-25

To compare clinical efficacy of double titanium plate and clavicular hook plate for the treatment of Neer II distal clavicular fracture. From April 2013 to June 2015, 42 patients with Neer II distal clavicle fractures were non-randomly selected, including 25 males and 17 females. All patients were fresh closed fractures. Twenty patients were treated with double titanium plate with tight rope(group A), including 11 males and 9 females aged from 16 to 49 years old with an average age of(33.8±10.7) years;the time from injury to operation ranged from 2 to 5 days with an average of (3.5±1.8) days. Twenty-two patients were treated with clavicle hook plate(group B), including 14 males and 8 females aged from 27 to 53 years old with an average age of (37.7±9.9) years;the time from injury to operation ranged from 2 to 5 days with an average of (3.1±2.0) days. Operative time, blood loss, hospital stays and postoperative complications were observed and compared; fracture healing were compared among preoperative, postoperative at 1, 3 and 6 months; VAS and ASES scoring were used to evaluate shoulder function. All patients were followed up from 6 to 12 months with an average of 7.2 months. All incisions were healed at stage I. Blood loss in group A were less than that of group B( P <0.05); while there were no significant difference in hospital stays and operative time between two groups. No shoulder pain occurred in group A, 4 cases occurred shoulder pain in group B, and had significant difference. Fracture healing time ranged from 3 to 6 months with an average of 4.3 months. VAS score and ASES score in group A were higher than that of group B in pain, function and total score. Compared with clavicle hook plate, double titanium plate has advantages of shorter incision wound, less bleeding and simply operation, less complications, and could avoid pain for removing internal fixation. Over reduction of acromioclavicular joint during operation does not affect its superior

50 CFR 300.224 - Longline fishing restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... notice in the Federal Register announcing that specific prohibitions will be in effect starting on that... of a fishing trip during which the prohibitions were put into effect as announced under paragraph (e...; specifically, the hooks, branch or dropper lines, and floats used to buoy the mainline must be stowed and not...

50 CFR 300.224 - Longline fishing restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... notice in the Federal Register announcing that specific prohibitions will be in effect starting on that... of a fishing trip during which the prohibitions were put into effect as announced under paragraph (e...; specifically, the hooks, branch or dropper lines, and floats used to buoy the mainline must be stowed and not...

Pedestrian Injuries By Source: Serious and Disabling Injuries in US and European Cases

PubMed Central

Mallory, Ann; Fredriksson, Rikard; Rosén, Erik; Donnelly, Bruce

2012-01-01

US and European pedestrian crash cases were analyzed to determine frequency of injury by body region and by the vehicle component identified as the injury source. US pedestrian data was drawn from the Pedestrian Crash Data Study (PCDS). European pedestrian data was drawn from the German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS). Results were analyzed in terms of both serious injury (AIS 3+) and disabling injury estimated with the Functional Capacity Index (FCI). The results are presented in parallel for a more complete international perspective on injuries and injury sources. Lower extremity injury from bumper impact and head&face injury from windshield impact were the most frequent combinations for both serious and disabling injuries. Serious lower extremity injuries from bumper contact occurred in 43% of seriously injured pedestrian cases in US PCDS data and 35% of European GIDAS cases. Lower-extremity bumper injuries also account for more than 20% of disability in both datasets. Serious head &face injuries from windshield contact occur in 27% of PCDS and 15% of GIDAS serious injury cases. While bumper impacts primarily result in lower extremity injury and windshield impacts are most often associated with head & face injuries, the hood and hood leading edge are responsible for serious and disabling injuries to a number of different body regions. Therefore, while it is appropriate to focus on lower extremity injury when studying bumper performance and on head injury risk when studying windshield impact, pedestrian performance of other components may require better understanding of injury risk for multiple body regions. PMID:23169112

Arthroscopic evaluation for omalgia patients undergoing the clavicular hook plate fixation of distal clavicle fractures

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background The aim of this study is to investigate the anatomic changes in the shoulder joints responsible for omalgia after the clavicular hook plate fixation under arthroscope. Methods Arthroscopic examination was carried out for 12 omalgia patients who underwent clavicular hook plate fixation due to distal clavicle fractures. Functional outcome of shoulder was measured by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score before and after the withdrawal of the fixation plate. Results The rotator cuff compression by the clavicular hook was arthroscopically observed in 11 of the 12 cases. The JOA scores of the shoulder were significantly improved at 1 month after the withdrawal of the fixation plate (pain, 28 ± 2.4 vs. 15 ± 5.2; function, 19.2 ± 1.0 vs. 11.7 ± 1.9; range of movements, 26.8 ± 2.6 vs. 14.8 ± 3.4) compared with before. Conclusions The impingement of the hook to the rotator cuff may be the main cause for the omalgia. The appropriate hook and plate that fit to the curve of the clavicle as well as the acromion are necessary to decrease the severity of omalgia. PMID:24917508

The clavicle hook plate for Neer type II lateral clavicle fractures.

PubMed

Renger, R J; Roukema, G R; Reurings, J C; Raams, P M; Font, J; Verleisdonk, E J M M

2009-09-01

To evaluate functional and radiologic outcome in patients with a Neer type II lateral clavicle fracture treated with the clavicle hook plate. Multicenter retrospective study. Five level I and II trauma centers. Forty-four patients, average age 38.4 years (18-66 years), with a Neer type II lateral clavicle fracture treated with the clavicle hook plate between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2006. Open reduction and internal fixation with the clavicle hook plate. Removal of all 44 implants after consolidation at a mean of 8.4 months (2-33 months) postoperatively. At an average follow-up of 27.4 months (13-48 months), functional outcome was assessed with the Constant-Murley scoring system. Radiographs were taken to evaluate consolidation and to determine the distance between the coracoid process and the clavicle. The average Constant score was 92.4 (74-100). The average distance between the coracoid process and the clavicle was 9.8 mm (7.3-14.8 mm) compared with 9.4 mm (6.9-14.3 mm) on the contralateral nonoperative side. We observed 1 dislocation of an implant (2.2%), 2 cases of pseudarthrosis (4.5%), 2 superficial wound infections (4.5%), 2 patients with hypertrophic scar tissue (4.5%), and 3 times an acromial osteolysis (6.8%). Thirty patients (68%) reported discomfort due to the implant. These implant-related complaints and the acromial osteolysis disappeared after removal of the hook plate. With all the patients, direct functional aftercare was possible. The clavicle hook plate is a suitable implant for Neer type II clavicle fractures. The advantage of this osteosynthesis is the possibility of immediate functional aftercare. We observed a high percentage of discomfort due to the implant; therefore, we advise to remove the implant as soon as consolidation has taken place.

Assessment of injury to fish and wildlife resources in the Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Area of Concern, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

MacDonald, D.D.; Ingersoll, C.G.; Smorong, D.E.; Lindskoog, R.A.; Sparks, D.W.; Smith, J.R.; Simon, T.P.; Hanacek, M.A.

2002-01-01

This article is the second in a series of three that describes the results of a Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) conducted in the Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Area of Concern (IHAOC). The assessment area is located in northwest Indiana and was divided into nine reaches to facilitate the assessment. This component of the NRDA was undertaken to determine if fish and wildlife resources have been injured due to exposure to contaminants that are associated with discharges of oil or releases of other hazardous substances. To support this assessment, information was compiled on the chemical composition of sediment and tissues; on the toxicity of whole sediments, pore water, and elutriates to fish; on the status of fish communities; and on fish health. The data on each of these indicators were compared to regionally relevant benchmarks to assess the presence and extent of injury to fish and wildlife resources. The results of this assessment indicate that injury to fish and wildlife resources has occurred throughout the assessment area, with up to five distinct lines of evidence demonstrating injury within the various reaches. Based on the frequency of exceedance of the benchmarks for assessing sediment and tissue chemistry data, total polychlorinated biphenyls is the primary bioaccumulative contaminant of concern in the assessment area. It is important to note, however, that this assessment was restricted by the availability of published bioaccumulation-based sediment quality guidelines, tissue residue guidelines, and other benchmarks of sediment quality conditions. The availability of chemistry data for tissues also restricted this assessment in certain reaches of the assessment area. Furthermore, insufficient information was located to facilitate identification of the substances that are causing or substantially contributing to effects on fish (i.e., sediment toxicity, impaired fish health, or impaired fish community structure). Therefore, substances

Hooking tomorrow's geoscientists: Authentic field inquiry as a compelling pedagogy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wallstrom, Erica

2015-04-01

Engaging high school students in the geosciences without providing them with opportunities to directly explore, understand, and question the natural world is like trying to catch a fish without a hook. How can educators hope to inspire youth to pursue a career in the geosciences when the subject is first introduced to teenagers within the confines of a classroom? Regardless of the content and activities employed by the teacher, the synthetic classroom setting is unable to recreate the organic richness of an authentic outdoor learning environment. A new course offering at Rutland High School in Rutland, Vermont, USA shifts away from the traditional classroom based pedagogy by focusing the learning on exploring the temporal changes occurring in the region's geologic features. Numerous visits to local quarries, outcrops, overlooks, and universities guide the course curriculum. Students use their new understandings and personal observations to complete a culminating independent investigation. This alternate learning model is made possible through collaboration with local universities, businesses, and government agencies. If the geosciences is to remain competitive in the recruitment of exemplary STEM candidates, than the focus of high school earth science programs must be considered. This course offers one alternative to improve engagement and understanding of the geoscience standards. While not the only option, it offers one possibility for hooking students on geosciences.

Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) feeding behavior on static fishing gear, effect of SMART (Selective Magnetic and Repellent-Treated) hook deterrent technology, and factors influencing entanglement in bottom longlines

PubMed Central

Sullivan, Rennie; Hedges, Kevin J.

2018-01-01

The Greenland Shark (Somniosus microcephalus) is the most common bycatch in the Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) bottom longline fishery in Cumberland Sound, Canada. Historically, this inshore fishery has been prosecuted through the ice during winter but winter storms and unpredictable landfast ice conditions since the mid-1990s have led to interest in developing a summer fishery during the ice-free season. However, bycatch of Greenland shark was found to increase substantially with 570 sharks captured during an experimental Greenland halibut summer fishery (i.e., mean of 6.3 sharks per 1,000 hooks set) and mortality was reported to be about 50% due in part to fishers killing sharks that were severely entangled in longline gear. This study investigated whether the SMART (Selective Magnetic and Repellent-Treated) hook technology is a practical deterrent to Greenland shark predation and subsequent bycatch on bottom longlines. Greenland shark feeding behavior, feeding kinematics, and variables affecting entanglement/disentanglement and release are also described. The SMART hook failed to deter Greenland shark predation, i.e., all sharks were captured on SMART hooks, some with more than one SMART hook in their jaw. Moreover, recently captured Greenland sharks did not exhibit a behavioral response to SMART hooks. In situ observations of Greenland shark feeding show that this species uses a powerful inertial suction mode of feeding and was able to draw bait into the mouth from a distance of 25–35 cm. This method of feeding is suggested to negate the potential deterrent effects of electropositive metal and magnetic alloy substitutions to the SMART hook technology. The number of hooks entangled by a Greenland shark and time to disentangle and live-release a shark was found to increase with body length. PMID:29785345

Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) feeding behavior on static fishing gear, effect of SMART (Selective Magnetic and Repellent-Treated) hook deterrent technology, and factors influencing entanglement in bottom longlines.

PubMed

Grant, Scott M; Sullivan, Rennie; Hedges, Kevin J

2018-01-01

The Greenland Shark ( Somniosus microcephalus ) is the most common bycatch in the Greenland halibut ( Reinhardtius hippoglossoides ) bottom longline fishery in Cumberland Sound, Canada. Historically, this inshore fishery has been prosecuted through the ice during winter but winter storms and unpredictable landfast ice conditions since the mid-1990s have led to interest in developing a summer fishery during the ice-free season. However, bycatch of Greenland shark was found to increase substantially with 570 sharks captured during an experimental Greenland halibut summer fishery (i.e., mean of 6.3 sharks per 1,000 hooks set) and mortality was reported to be about 50% due in part to fishers killing sharks that were severely entangled in longline gear. This study investigated whether the SMART (Selective Magnetic and Repellent-Treated) hook technology is a practical deterrent to Greenland shark predation and subsequent bycatch on bottom longlines. Greenland shark feeding behavior, feeding kinematics, and variables affecting entanglement/disentanglement and release are also described. The SMART hook failed to deter Greenland shark predation, i.e., all sharks were captured on SMART hooks, some with more than one SMART hook in their jaw. Moreover, recently captured Greenland sharks did not exhibit a behavioral response to SMART hooks. In situ observations of Greenland shark feeding show that this species uses a powerful inertial suction mode of feeding and was able to draw bait into the mouth from a distance of 25-35 cm. This method of feeding is suggested to negate the potential deterrent effects of electropositive metal and magnetic alloy substitutions to the SMART hook technology. The number of hooks entangled by a Greenland shark and time to disentangle and live-release a shark was found to increase with body length.

A Pedagogy of Sight: Microscopic Vision in Robert Hooke's "Micrographia"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jack, Jordynn

2009-01-01

Robert Hooke's "Micrographia" (1665) holds an important place in the history of scientific visual rhetoric. Hooke's accomplishment lies not only in a stunning array of engravings, but also in a "pedagogy of sight"--a rhetorical framework that instructs readers how to view images in accordance with an ideological or epistemic program. Hooke not…

Sidney Hook's Pragmatic Anti-Communism: Commitment to Democracy as Method

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ferriter, Courtney

2017-01-01

In recent years, opposition to Communism has emerged as Sidney Hook's central philosophical legacy in the eyes of scholars and historians, who tend to ignore all of Hook's pre-Cold War philosophical contributions. Furthermore, critics who treat Hook's anti-Communism often accuse him of abandoning pragmatism for dogmatism in his later career. In…

Hand infections following penetrating fish fins or bones injuries (FFBI): a large, hospital based, retrospective study.

PubMed

Imberg, R; Potasman, I; Weissman, Y; Grupper, M

2008-12-01

The incidence of hand infections caused by penetrating fish fins or bones injuries (FFBI) is likely to increase following worldwide constant growth of fishery production and consumption. Because data on these infections are scarce, the purposes of this study were to describe their clinical characteristics and disease course, and to analyze risk factors for a complicated disease course. We studied retrospectively all cases of hospitalized patients with hand infections following FFBI over the years 1999-2006 in a single medical center. Demographic data, underlying diseases, clinical characteristics and disease course were analyzed for each case. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used for analyzing risk factors for a complicated hospitalization course. There were 122 separate episodes of hand infections following FFBI among 116 patients, with a mean age (+/- SD) of 52 +/- 19.7. The majority of cases were women (51.6%), and they arrived significantly later to the hospital after injury. Predisposing conditions (diabetes mellitus, liver disease, rheumatologic disorder, malignancy or chronic steroid treatment) were present in 25% of cases. Most of the cases presented with cellulitis. Cultures of either blood or wound were obtained in approximately 1/3 of cases, and 40% of them yielded an isolate. Ceftazidime and doxycycline were administered to 68.8% and 96.7% of cases, respectively. Surgical debridement was performed in 34.4% of cases, but there was no case of death or limb amputation. The presence of fever (p = 0.0005) and a predisposing condition (p = 0.035) were independently correlated with a complicated hospitalization course. The overall prognosis in this largest cohort of hand infections following FFBI was favorable, but immune dysfunction carried a complicated course.

[EFFECTIVENESS COMPARISON OF CORACOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION BETWEEN BY AUTOLOGOUS AND ALLOGENEIC TENDON GRAFTS COMBINED WITH HOOK PLATE FIXATION FOR TREATING ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT DISLOCATION].

PubMed

Yin, Fei; Sun, Zhenzhong; Wei, Xuming; Liu, Xueguang; Zhou, Ming; Zhuang, Yin; Song, Sheng

2016-05-08

To compare the effectiveness of coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction between by using autologous plantaris tendon graft combined with hook plate fixation and allogeneic tendon graft combined with hook plate fixation for treating acromiocavicular joint dislocation. Thirty-three patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation who accorded with the inclusion criteria between January 2013 and June 2014 were assigned into 2 groups. The patients were treated with autologous plantaris tendon graft combined with hook plate fixation in group A ( n =17), and with allogeneic tendon graft combined with hook plate fixation in group B ( n =16). Thirteen-one patients was followed up more than 12 months (15 in group A and 16 in group B). There was no significant difference in gender, age, cause of injury, sides, time between injury and surgery, and type of dislocation ( P >0.05). The assessments included operation time, hospitalization time, hospitalization expenses, shoulder range of motion, gap of acromioclavicular, Constant-Murley scores, and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. The operation time of group A was significantly longer than that of group B, and the hospitalization expense was significantly lower than that of group B ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in hospitalization time ( t =1.046, P =0.316). The incisions healed by first intention, and hook plate was removed after 3 months. The mean follow-up time was 21.3 months (range, 19-34 months) in group A and was 23.7 months (range, 18-37 months) in group B. X-ray examination showed no osteolysis. There was no significant difference in gap of acromiocavicular between 2 groups at preoperation, 1 week after operation, and last follow-up ( P >0.05). No redislocation of acromioclavicular joint and rejection reaction occurred during follow-up. At last follow-up, there was no significant difference in shoulder range of motion, Constant-Murley score, and VAS score between 2 groups ( P >0

76 FR 11961 - Safety Zone, Dredging Operations; Delaware River, Marcus Hook, PA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-04

...-AA00 Safety Zone, Dredging Operations; Delaware River, Marcus Hook, PA AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION... Delaware River while the Dredge Pullen conducts dredging operations at the Sunoco Marcus Hook docks in the vicinity of the Marcus Hook Range near Marcus Hook, PA. This action is necessary to maintain the 42 ft...

Education as a Practice of Freedom: Reflections on bell hooks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Specia, Akello; Osman, Ahmed A.

2015-01-01

This paper critically analyses the conceptions of bell hooks on education. It focuses on the relevance of hook's ideas to the classroom. It is a theoretical paper based on secondary data that seeks to contribute to the growing body of knowledge in education. The paper is a reflection of hook's reaction to education as a practice of freedom, the…

[Comparing the anchorage effects of micro-implant and J hook on treating patients with maxillary protrusion].

PubMed

Wu, Xin; Liu, Guo-yuan; Jiang, Yong-lian

2015-10-01

To investigate the differences in anchorage effects between micro-implants and J hook in treating patients with Class II division 1 maxillary protrusion. Thirty-one cases of adult patients with Class II division 1 maxillary protrusion were treated. They were divided into 2 groups depending on their selection. The first group included 17 patients for micro-implant anchorage, who adopted micro-implant and sliding mechanism to close maxillary extraction space and depress the mandibular molar. The second group encompassed 14 cases for J hook, who adopted sliding mechanism, J hooks in high traction and Class II intermaxillary traction to close extraction space. X-ray lateral cephalometric radiographs were measured before and after treatment, and SPSS16.0 software package was employed to compare the differences in soft and hard tissue changes before and after treatment between 2 groups. There were statistically significant differences in SNB, ANB, MP-FH, U1-Y, U6-Y, L6-MP, NLA, and UL-Y between the 2 groups before and after treatment, while there was no significant difference in SNA, U1-SN, U1-X, and U6-X between the 2 groups. In treating patients with Class II division 1 maxillary protrusion, micro-implant has stronger anchorage effects than J hook, while at the same time depressing the mandibular molars, and making it more favorable to improve Class II faces.

Hook2 is involved in the morphogenesis of the primary cilium

PubMed Central

Baron Gaillard, Carole L.; Pallesi-Pocachard, Emilie; Massey-Harroche, Dominique; Richard, Fabrice; Arsanto, Jean-Pierre; Chauvin, Jean-Paul; Lecine, Patrick; Krämer, Helmut; Borg, Jean-Paul; Le Bivic, André

2011-01-01

Primary cilia originate from the centrosome and play essential roles in several cellular, developmental, and pathological processes, but the underlying mechanisms of ciliogenesis are not fully understood. Given the involvement of the adaptor protein Hook2 in centrosomal homeostasis and protein transport to pericentrosomal aggresomes, we explored its role in ciliogenesis. We found that in human retinal epithelial cells, Hook2 localizes at the Golgi apparatus and centrosome/basal body, a strategic partitioning for ciliogenesis. Of importance, Hook2 depletion disrupts ciliogenesis at a stage before the formation of the ciliary vesicle at the distal tip of the mother centriole. Using two hybrid and immunoprecipitation assays and a small interfering RNA strategy, we found that Hook2 interacts with and stabilizes pericentriolar material protein 1 (PCM1), which was reported to be essential for the recruitment of Rab8a, a GTPase that is believed to be crucial for membrane transport to the primary cilium. Of interest, GFP::Rab8a coimmunoprecipitates with endogenous Hook2 and PCM1. Finally, GFP::Rab8a can overcome Hook2 depletion, demonstrating a functional interaction between Hook2 and these two important regulators of ciliogenesis. The data indicate that Hook2 interacts with PCM1 in a complex that also contains Rab8a and regulates a limiting step required for further initiation of ciliogenesis after centriole maturation. PMID:21998199

De novo truncating variants in the AHDC1 gene encoding the AT-hook DNA-binding motif-containing protein 1 are associated with intellectual disability and developmental delay.

PubMed

Yang, Hui; Douglas, Ganka; Monaghan, Kristin G; Retterer, Kyle; Cho, Megan T; Escobar, Luis F; Tucker, Megan E; Stoler, Joan; Rodan, Lance H; Stein, Diane; Marks, Warren; Enns, Gregory M; Platt, Julia; Cox, Rachel; Wheeler, Patricia G; Crain, Carrie; Calhoun, Amy; Tryon, Rebecca; Richard, Gabriele; Vitazka, Patrik; Chung, Wendy K

2015-10-01

Whole-exome sequencing (WES) represents a significant breakthrough in clinical genetics, and identifies a genetic etiology in up to 30% of cases of intellectual disability (ID). Using WES, we identified seven unrelated patients with a similar clinical phenotype of severe intellectual disability or neurodevelopmental delay who were all heterozygous for de novo truncating variants in the AT-hook DNA-binding motif-containing protein 1 (AHDC1). The patients were all minimally verbal or nonverbal and had variable neurological problems including spastic quadriplegia, ataxia, nystagmus, seizures, autism, and self-injurious behaviors. Additional common clinical features include dysmorphic facial features and feeding difficulties associated with failure to thrive and short stature. The AHDC1 gene has only one coding exon, and the protein contains conserved regions including AT-hook motifs and a PDZ binding domain. We postulate that all seven variants detected in these patients result in a truncated protein missing critical functional domains, disrupting interactions with other proteins important for brain development. Our study demonstrates that truncating variants in AHDC1 are associated with ID and are primarily associated with a neurodevelopmental phenotype.

Hooking-Up, Religiosity, and Sexting Among College Students.

PubMed

Hall, Michael; Williams, Ronald D; Ford, M Allison; Cromeans, Erin Murphy; Bergman, Randall J

2016-07-28

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mediation effect of sexting, and taking sexually suggestive photos on religiosity and hooking-up with three separate sexual outcomes. A web-based survey examined the relationship between religiosity and the three hooking-up outcomes among students reporting sexting or taking a sexually suggestive photo in the last 30 days (n = 231). Sexting, as well as taking sexually suggestive photos mediated the relationship between religiosity and hooking-up among females. Sexting may be initiated by females as a way to engage in a nonphysical sexual interaction, which ultimately predisposes them to a physical sexual outcome.

46 CFR 173.007 - Location of the hook load.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... PERTAINING TO VESSEL USE Lifting § 173.007 Location of the hook load. When doing the calculations required in this subpart, the hook load must be considered to be located at the head of the crane. ...

Interactions of light and ethylene in hypocotyl hook maintenance in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knee, E. M.; Hangarter, R. P.; Knee, M.

2000-01-01

Etiolated seedlings frequently display a hypocotyl or epicotyl hook which opens on exposure to light. Etylene has been shown to be necessary for maintenance of the hook in a number of plants in darkness. We investigated the interaction of ethylene and light in the regulation of hypocotyl hook opening in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that hooks of Arabidopsis open in response to continuous red, far-red or blue light in the presence of up to 100 microliters l-1 ethylene. Thus a change in sensitivity to ethylene is likely to be responsible for hook opening in Arabidopsis, rather than a decrease in ethylene production in hook tissues. We used photomorphogenic mutants of Arabidopsis to demonstrate the involvement of both blue light and phytochrome photosensory systems in light-induced hook opening in the presence of ethylene. In addition we used ethylene mutants and inhibitors of ethylene action to investigate the role of ethylene in hook maintenance in seedlings grown in light and darkness.

Fatal Honey Poisoning Caused by Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F in Southwest China: A Case Series.

PubMed

Zhang, Qiang; Chen, Xinguang; Chen, Shunan; Liu, Zhitao; Wan, Rong; Li, Juanjuan

2016-06-01

Mad honey poisoning has been reported in many countries, and it seldom results in death. We describe a rare case series of fatal honey poisoning caused by Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) in Southwest China. Three male construction workers were delivered to the emergency department with symptoms of food poisoning after ingestion of wild raw honey. Laboratory results showed that the 3 patients were at different degrees of renal damage, and 1 patient with severe symptoms died of acute renal failure 1 day after admission. Pollen analysis indicated that the suspected honey was heavily contaminated with TwHF pollen. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial for such poisoning. Pollen analysis is a practical approach to help diagnosis in remote areas where such honey poisoning occurs. Copyright © 2016 Wilderness Medical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Engineering Evaluation of International Low Impact Docking System Latch Hooks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martinez, J.; Patin, R.; Figert, J.

2013-01-01

The international Low Impact Docking System (iLIDS) provides a structural arrangement that allows for visiting vehicles to dock with the International Space Station (ISS) (Fig 1). The iLIDS docking units are mechanically joined together by a series of active and passive latch hooks. In order to preserve docking capability at the existing Russian docking interfaces, the iLIDS latch hooks are required to conform to the existing Russian design. The latch hooks are classified as being fail-safe. Since the latch hooks are fail-safe, the hooks are not fracture critical and a fatigue based service life assessment will satisfy the structural integrity requirements. Constant amplitude fatigue testing to failure on four sets of active/passive iLIDS latch hooks was performed at load magnitudes of 10, 11, and 12 kips. Failure analysis of the hook fatigue failures identified multi-site fatigue initiation that was effectively centered about the hook mid-plane (consistent with the 3D model results). The fatigue crack initiation distribution implies that the fatigue damage accumulation effectively results in a very low aspect ratio surface crack (which can be simulated as thru-thickness crack). Fatigue damage progression resulted in numerous close proximity fatigue crack initiation sites. It was not possible to determine if fatigue crack coalescence occurs during cyclic loading or as result of the fast fracture response. The presence of multiple fatigue crack initiation sites on different planes will result in the formation of ratchet marks as the cracks coalesce. Once the stable fatigue crack becomes unstable and the fast fracture advances across the remaining ligament and the plane stress condition at a free-surface will result in failure along a 45 deg. shear plane (slant fracture) and the resulting inclined edge is called a shear lip. The hook thickness on the plane of fatigue crack initiation is 0.787". The distance between the shear lips on this plane was on the order of 0

Cheerleading Injuries. Patterns, Prevention, Case Reports.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hutchinson, Mark R.

1997-01-01

Although cheerleading carries a relatively low injury risk, injuries that do occur can be severe, commonly affecting the ankle, head, and neck. Two case reports are presented that illustrate acute injuries typical of cheerleading. Prevention recommendations are offered related to supervising, screening, limiting stunts, optimizing the environment…

Occupational injuries and diseases among commercial fishers in Finland 1996-2015.

PubMed

Kaustell, Kim O; Mattila, Tiina E A; Rautiainen, Risto H

2016-01-01

Commercial fishing is recognised as one of the most hazardous professions worldwide. In Finland, commercial fishing has some special characteristics, including fishing on ice during frozen waters, and pluriactivity of the fisher family to gain additional income. The goal of this study was to describe injury characteristics among commercial fishers in Finland during the years 1996-2015. With this information, we wish to promote creation of effective safety campaigns and interventions. The data for this study was acquired from The Farmers' Social Insurance Institution, who handles the mandatory pension and occupational injury insurance of Finnish commercial fishers. Descriptive statistics was used to categorise and analyse the data that comprised the anonymized insurance history of 1954 insured fishers and reports on 1135 compensated injuries, 11 fatalities, and 53 occupational disease cases. The results show, that the injury rate of Finnish commercial fishers is high. Forty per cent of the fishing-related injuries occur aboard or when entering or leaving the vessel, while 37% happened ashore, and 11% on sea or lake ice. The most common type of incident is preceded by a slip, trip, or sway followed by a fall to lower level. The injuries result in a median disability length of 21 days. An elevated risk for Finnish (vs. Swedish) speaking, as well as for male fishers was found. The occupational diseases of the studied population were for the most part results of manual, repetitive and/or physically straining work due to e.g. hauling in fishing equipment. Due to small numbers and lack of case data, it is not possible to make any further analysis of the 11 fatalities, which were all drownings. Based on our findings, injury prevention should be targeted, besides preventing fatalities because of drowning, at mitigating the risks for slips, trips, and falls both aboard and ashore.

Golf and racquet sports injuries.

PubMed

Jacobson, Jon A; Miller, Bruce S; Morag, Yoav

2005-12-01

There are specific injuries that are common in golf and racquet sports. These abnormalities have a predilection for specific structures as well and can be divided into two categories on the basis of etiology as either chronic repetitive injury or acute trauma. With golf injuries, upper extremity abnormalities prevail and include rotator cuff disease, epicondylitis, wrist tenosynovitis, and hamate hook fracture. Thoracolumbar spine pain can also occur. The order of frequency of these ailments is different for professional and recreational athletes. With racquet injuries, as in tennis, lower extremity injuries are more common and include medial gastrocnemius and Achilles tendon abnormalities, although shoulder, elbow, and wrist abnormalities may also occur. Knowledge of the biomechanics behind each sport is also helpful in understanding the pathophysiology of injury and in part explains the findings seen at imaging.

75 FR 4265 - Airworthiness Directives; Lifesavings Systems Corp., D-Lok Hook Assembly

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-27

... Airworthiness Directives; Lifesavings Systems Corp., D-Lok Hook Assembly AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration... adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for the Lifesavings Systems Corp., D-Lok Hook assembly... reported surface irregularities and discontinuities on certain D-Lok Hooks because of an unapproved change...

Biomechanical analysis of acromioclavicular joint dislocation treated with clavicle hook plates in different lengths.

PubMed

Shih, Cheng-Min; Huang, Kui-Chou; Pan, Chien-Chou; Lee, Cheng-Hung; Su, Kuo-Chih

2015-11-01

Clavicle hook plates are frequently used in clinical orthopaedics to treat acromioclavicular joint dislocation. However, patients often exhibit acromion osteolysis and per-implant fracture after undergoing hook plate fixation. With the intent of avoiding future complications or fixation failure after clavicle hook plate fixation, we used finite element analysis (FEA) to investigate the biomechanics of clavicle hook plates of different materials and sizes when used in treating acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Using finite element analysis, this study constructed a model comprising four parts: clavicle, acromion, clavicle hook plate and screws, and used the model to simulate implanting different types of clavicle hook plates in patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Then, the biomechanics of stainless steel and titanium alloy clavicle hook plates containing either six or eight screw holes were investigated. The results indicated that using a longer clavicle hook plate decreased the stress value in the clavicle, and mitigated the force that clavicle hook plates exert on the acromion. Using a clavicle hook plate material characterized by a smaller Young's modulus caused a slight increase in the stress on the clavicle. However, the external force the material imposed on the acromion was less than the force exerted on the clavicle. The findings of this study can serve as a reference to help orthopaedic surgeons select clavicle hook plates.

Ozone-Induced Vascular Contractility and Pulmonary Injury Are Differentially Impacted by Diets Enriched With Coconut Oil, Fish Oil, and Olive Oil.

PubMed

Snow, Samantha J; Cheng, Wan-Yun; Henriquez, Andres; Hodge, Myles; Bass, Virgina; Nelson, Gail M; Carswell, Gleta; Richards, Judy E; Schladweiler, Mette C; Ledbetter, Allen D; Chorley, Brian; Gowdy, Kymberly M; Tong, Haiyan; Kodavanti, Urmila P

2018-05-01

Fish, olive, and coconut oil dietary supplementation have several cardioprotective benefits, but it is not established if they protect against air pollution-induced adverse effects. We hypothesized that these dietary supplements would attenuate ozone-induced systemic and pulmonary effects. Male Wistar Kyoto rats were fed either a normal diet, or a diet supplemented with fish, olive, or coconut oil for 8 weeks. Animals were then exposed to air or ozone (0.8 ppm), 4 h/day for 2 days. Ozone exposure increased phenylephrine-induced aortic vasocontraction, which was completely abolished in rats fed the fish oil diet. Despite this cardioprotective effect, the fish oil diet increased baseline levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) markers of lung injury and inflammation. Ozone-induced pulmonary injury/inflammation were comparable in rats on normal, coconut oil, and olive oil diets with altered expression of markers in animals fed the fish oil diet. Fish oil, regardless of exposure, led to enlarged, foamy macrophages in the BALF that coincided with decreased pulmonary mRNA expression of cholesterol transporters, cholesterol receptors, and nuclear receptors. Serum microRNA profile was assessed and demonstrated marked depletion of a variety of microRNAs in animals fed the fish oil diet, several of which were of splenic origin. No ozone-specific changes were noted. Collectively, these data indicate that although fish oil offered vascular protection from ozone exposure, it increased pulmonary injury/inflammation and impaired lipid transport mechanisms resulting in foamy macrophage accumulation, demonstrating the need to be cognizant of potential off-target pulmonary effects that might offset the overall benefit of this vasoprotective supplement.

Kinematics of Hooke universal joint robot wrists

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mckinney, William S., Jr.

1988-01-01

The singularity problem associated with wrist mechanisms commonly found on industrial manipulators can be alleviated by redesigning the wrist so that it functions as a three-axis gimbal system. This paper discussess the kinematics of gimbal robot wrists made of one and two Hooke universal joints. Derivations of the resolved rate motion control equations for the single and double Hooke universal joint wrists are presented using the three-axis gimbal system as a theoretical wrist model.

Interdependence of the rad50 hook and globular domain functions.

PubMed

Hohl, Marcel; Kochańczyk, Tomasz; Tous, Cristina; Aguilera, Andrés; Krężel, Artur; Petrini, John H J

2015-02-05

Rad50 contains a conserved Zn(2+) coordination domain (the Rad50 hook) that functions as a homodimerization interface. Hook ablation phenocopies Rad50 deficiency in all respects. Here, we focused on rad50 mutations flanking the Zn(2+)-coordinating hook cysteines. These mutants impaired hook-mediated dimerization, but recombination between sister chromatids was largely unaffected. This may reflect that cohesin-mediated sister chromatid interactions are sufficient for double-strand break repair. However, Mre11 complex functions specified by the globular domain, including Tel1 (ATM) activation, nonhomologous end joining, and DNA double-strand break end resection were affected, suggesting that dimerization exerts a broad influence on Mre11 complex function. These phenotypes were suppressed by mutations within the coiled-coil and globular ATPase domains, suggesting a model in which conformational changes in the hook and globular domains are transmitted via the extended coils of Rad50. We propose that transmission of spatial information in this manner underlies the regulation of Mre11 complex functions. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The dynamic instability in the hook/flagellum system that triggers bacterial flicks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jabbarzadeh, Mehdi; Fu, Henry

2017-11-01

Dynamical bending, buckling, and polymorphic transformations of the flagellum are known to affect bacterial motility, but run-reverse-flick motility of monotrichous bacteria also involves the even more flexible hook, which connects the flagellum to the cell body. Here, we identify the dynamic buckling mechanism that produces flicks in Vibrio alginolyticus. Estimates of forces and torques on the hook from experimental observations suggest that flicks are triggered at stresses below the hook's static Euler buckling criterion. Using an accurate linearization of the Kirchoff rod model for the hook in a model of a swimming bacterium with rigid flagellum, we show that as hook stiffness decreases there is a transition from on-axis flagellar rotation with small hook deflections to flagellar precession with large deflections. When flagellum flexibility is incorporated, the precession is disrupted by significant flagellar bending - i.e., incipient flicks. The predicted onset of dynamic instabilities corresponds well with experimentally observed flick events.

Study on The Geopolymer Concrete Properties Reinforced with Hooked Steel Fiber

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdullah, M. M. A. B.; Tahir, M. F. M.; Tajudin, M. A. F. M. A.; Ekaputri, J. J.; Bayuaji, R.; Khatim, N. A. M.

2017-11-01

In this research, Class F fly ash and a mixture of alkaline activators and different amount of hooked steel fiber were used for preparing geopolymer concrete. In order to analyses the effect of hooked steel fiber on the geopolymer concrete, the analysis such as chemical composition of fly ash, workability of fresh geopolymer, water absorption, density, compressive strength of hardened geopolymer concrete have been carried out. Mixtures were prepared with fly ash to alkaline liquid ratio of 2.0 with hooked steel fibers were added to the mix with different amounts which are 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% by the weight of the concrete. Experimental results showed that the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete increases as the hooked steel fibers increases. The optimum compressive strength obtained was up to 87.83 MPa on the 14th day. The density of geopolymer concrete are in the range between 2466 kg/m3 to 2501 kg/m3. In addition, the workability value of geopolymer without hooked steel fibers is 100 mm while the workability value of geopolymer with hooked steel fibers are between 60 mm to 30 mm.

A Model of Differential Growth-Guided Apical Hook Formation in Plants

PubMed Central

Žádníková, Petra; Wabnik, Krzysztof; Abuzeineh, Anas; Prusinkiewicz, Przemysław

2016-01-01

Differential cell growth enables flexible organ bending in the presence of environmental signals such as light or gravity. A prominent example of the developmental processes based on differential cell growth is the formation of the apical hook that protects the fragile shoot apical meristem when it breaks through the soil during germination. Here, we combined in silico and in vivo approaches to identify a minimal mechanism producing auxin gradient-guided differential growth during the establishment of the apical hook in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Computer simulation models based on experimental data demonstrate that asymmetric expression of the PIN-FORMED auxin efflux carrier at the concave (inner) versus convex (outer) side of the hook suffices to establish an auxin maximum in the epidermis at the concave side of the apical hook. Furthermore, we propose a mechanism that translates this maximum into differential growth, and thus curvature, of the apical hook. Through a combination of experimental and in silico computational approaches, we have identified the individual contributions of differential cell elongation and proliferation to defining the apical hook and reveal the role of auxin-ethylene crosstalk in balancing these two processes. PMID:27754878

Relationship between tornadoes and hook echoes on April 3, 1974

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Forbes, G. S.

1975-01-01

Radar observations of tornado families occurring on April 3, 1974 are discussed. Of the 93 tornadoes included in the sample, 81% were associated with hook-like echoes with appendages at least 40 deg to the south of the echo movement. At least one tornado was associated with 62% of the hook-like echoes observed. All of the tornadoes with intensities of F 4 and F 5 were produced by hook-like echoes; the mean intensity of all tornadoes associated with this type of echo was F 3, while the mean intensity of the remaining tornadoes was F1. The tornadic hook-like echoes moved to the right of the non-tornadic echoes forming a tornado line in advance of the squall line. Some tornadoes were associated with 'spiral' echoes.

Stainless hooks to bond lower lingual retainer.

PubMed

Durgekar, Sujala G; Nagaraj, K

2011-01-01

We introduced a simple and economical technique for precise placement of lower lingual retainers. Two stainless steel hooks made of 0.6mm wire are placed interdentally in the embrasure area between canine and lateral incisor bilaterally to lock the retainer wire in the correct position. Etch, rinse and dry the enamel surfaces with the retainer passively in place, then bond the retainer with light-cured adhesive. Hooks are simple to fabricate and eliminate the need for a transfer tray.

Cooperative binding mitigates the high-dose hook effect.

PubMed

Roy, Ranjita Dutta; Rosenmund, Christian; Stefan, Melanie I

2017-08-14

The high-dose hook effect (also called prozone effect) refers to the observation that if a multivalent protein acts as a linker between two parts of a protein complex, then increasing the amount of linker protein in the mixture does not always increase the amount of fully formed complex. On the contrary, at a high enough concentration range the amount of fully formed complex actually decreases. It has been observed that allosterically regulated proteins seem less susceptible to this effect. The aim of this study was two-fold: First, to investigate the mathematical basis of how allostery mitigates the prozone effect. And second, to explore the consequences of allostery and the high-dose hook effect using the example of calmodulin, a calcium-sensing protein that regulates the switch between long-term potentiation and long-term depression in neurons. We use a combinatorial model of a "perfect linker protein" (with infinite binding affinity) to mathematically describe the hook effect and its behaviour under allosteric conditions. We show that allosteric regulation does indeed mitigate the high-dose hook effect. We then turn to calmodulin as a real-life example of an allosteric protein. Using kinetic simulations, we show that calmodulin is indeed subject to a hook effect. We also show that this effect is stronger in the presence of the allosteric activator Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), because it reduces the overall cooperativity of the calcium-calmodulin system. It follows that, surprisingly, there are conditions where increased amounts of allosteric activator actually decrease the activity of a protein. We show that cooperative binding can indeed act as a protective mechanism against the hook effect. This will have implications in vivo where the extent of cooperativity of a protein can be modulated, for instance, by allosteric activators or inhibitors. This can result in counterintuitive effects of decreased activity with increased concentrations of

High-Dose Hook Effect in 17-Hydroxyprogesterone Assay in a Patient with 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency.

PubMed

Parlak, Mesut; Ellidağ, Hamit Yaşar; Türkkahraman, Doğa

2015-12-01

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) describes a group of disorders characterized by enzyme defects in adrenal steroidogenesis. 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) is the most commonly encountered form. The analysis of steroids in pediatric cases requires high-sensitivity assays. A 14-year-old Syrian girl was referred for evaluation of short stature, amenorrhea, and hirsutism. On physical examination, breast development was Tanner stage 1. She had a phallic clitoris with a single urogenital orifice. Laboratory findings revealed primary adrenal deficiency with high androgen levels and low levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), (<0.05 ng/mL) and estrogen. This unexpected result led to suspicion of a high-dose hook effect. The measurement was repeated after 1/10 dilution of serum, and a high level of 17-OHP (115.4 ng/mL) was detected with the same test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Simple virilizing form of CAH (21-OHD) was suspected and confirmed with genetic analysis. After initiation of glucocorticoid therapy, breast development was noted along with a decrease in testosterone level and an increase in estrogen level. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of hook effect for 17-OHP immunoassay in a patient with 21-OHD. High-dose hook effect should be suspected in patients with CAH when the test results are incompatible with one another. Additionally, this case demonstrates that a high testosterone level can block aromatase activity and consequently also estrogen production and breast development.

Role of PIN-mediated auxin efflux in apical hook development of Arabidopsis thaliana.

PubMed

Zádníková, Petra; Petrásek, Jan; Marhavy, Peter; Raz, Vered; Vandenbussche, Filip; Ding, Zhaojun; Schwarzerová, Katerina; Morita, Miyo T; Tasaka, Masao; Hejátko, Jan; Van Der Straeten, Dominique; Friml, Jirí; Benková, Eva

2010-02-01

The apical hook of dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings is a simple structure that develops soon after germination to protect the meristem tissues during emergence through the soil and that opens upon exposure to light. Differential growth at the apical hook proceeds in three sequential steps that are regulated by multiple hormones, principally auxin and ethylene. We show that the progress of the apical hook through these developmental phases depends on the dynamic, asymmetric distribution of auxin, which is regulated by auxin efflux carriers of the PIN family. Several PIN proteins exhibited specific, partially overlapping spatial and temporal expression patterns, and their subcellular localization suggested auxin fluxes during hook development. Genetic manipulation of individual PIN activities interfered with different stages of hook development, implying that specific combinations of PIN genes are required for progress of the apical hook through the developmental phases. Furthermore, ethylene might modulate apical hook development by prolonging the formation phase and strongly suppressing the maintenance phase. This ethylene effect is in part mediated by regulation of PIN-dependent auxin efflux and auxin signaling.

Occupational injury in the French sea fishing industry: a comparative study between the 1980s and today.

PubMed

Chauvin, Christine; Le Bouar, Gilbert

2007-01-01

This study aims at comparing two data bases related to occupational injuries in the French sea fishing industry: a data base created between 1977 and 1980, a data base created between 1996 and 2001. These bases were made from report forms filled out by fishermen after an accident. The study focuses on the accidents occurring when the vessel is in the process of fishing. In the 1980s, as well as today, the processing of fishing gear seems to be a very dangerous task, correlated with the risk of being "struck by, swept along, pinned" by the elements of the rigging and the risk of serious injuries. The processing and handling of the catch also cause a large amount of accidents; during these tasks, fishermen have to cope with two main risks: being "cut or pricked" and making an "excessive effort, awkward movement". Rate and features of occupational accidents do not show notable evolution. These findings lead us to question the different prevention measures implemented in France during the last few decades and to propose new prevention direction.

[Clinical applications of sternoclavicular hook plate for the treatment of sternoclavicular joint dislocation].

PubMed

Chen, Fang-Hu; Zhao, Xiao-Ping; Zheng, Wen-Biao; Zeng, Han-Bing; Ran, Bo; Huang, Hui; Wang, Hai-Bao

2013-05-01

To observe the clinical therapeutic effects of sternoclavicular hook plate for the treatment of sternoclavicular joint dislocation. From June 2010 to June 2012, 7 patients with sternoclavicular joint dislocation were treated with sternoclavicular hook plate fixation. Among the 7 patients, 5 patients were male and 2 patients were female, and the average age was 42.3 years, ranging from 38 to 54 years. The course of the disease ranged from 1 to 4 weeks. All the patients had trauma history. The clinical manifestations included: obvious swelling and pain of sternoclavicular joint, restricted shoulder joint activity. The sternoclavicular joint dislocation was proved by preoperative X-ray and CT. The postoperative curative effect was evaluated according to Rockwood scoring method. According to Rockwood scoring method, the excellent results obtained in 6 cases, good in 1. There were no complications such as internal fixation loosening or broken, second dislocation, pain in the sternoclavicular joint, and deformity. The function of shoulder joint was good, and the limb activity was free and no pain appeared. The sternoclavicular hook plate for the treatment of sternoclavicular joint dislocation has follow advantages: simple procedure, stable fixation, definite therapeutic effects.

Sandy Hook : alternative access concept plan and vehicle replacement study

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-06-01

This study addresses two critical issues of concern to the Sandy Hook Unit of Gateway National : Recreational Area: (1) options for alternative access to Sandy Hook during peak summer season, : particularly when the park is closed to private vehicles...

The effects of flagellar hook compliance on motility of monotrichous bacteria: A modeling study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shum, H.; Gaffney, E. A.

2012-06-01

A crucial structure in the motility of flagellated bacteria is the hook, which connects the flagellum filament to the motor in the cell body. Early mathematical models of swimming bacteria assume that the helically shaped flagellum rotates rigidly about its axis, which coincides with the axis of the cell body. Motivated by evidence that the hook is much more flexible than the rest of the flagellum, we develop a new model that allows a naturally straight hook to bend. Hook dynamics are based on the Kirchhoff rod model, which is combined with a boundary element method for solving viscous interactions between the bacterium and the surrounding fluid. For swimming in unbounded fluid, we find good support for using a rigid model since the hook reaches an equilibrium configuration within several revolutions of the motor. However, for effective swimming, there are constraints on the hook stiffness relative to the scale set by the product of the motor torque with the hook length. When the hook is too flexible, its shape cannot be maintained and large deformations and stresses build up. When the hook is too rigid, the flagellum does not align with the cell body axis and the cell "wobbles" with little net forward motion. We also examine the attraction of swimmers to no-slip surfaces and find that the tendency to swim steadily close to a surface can be very sensitive to the combination of the hook rigidity and the precise shape of the cell and flagellum.

Development and impact of hooks of high droplet concentration on remote southeast Pacific stratocumulus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

George, R. C.; Wood, R.; Bretherton, C. S.; Painter, G.

2013-07-01

Over the southeastern Pacific (SEP), droplet concentration (Nd) in the typically unpolluted marine stratocumulus west of 80° W (> 1000 km offshore) is periodically strongly enhanced in zonally elongated "hook"-shaped features that increase albedo. Here, we examine three hook events using the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem) with 14 km horizontal resolution, satellite data, and aircraft data from the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx). A particularly strong hook yields insights into the development, decay, and radiative impact of these features. Hook development occurs with Nd increasing to polluted levels over the remote ocean primarily due to entrainment of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) from the lower free troposphere (FT). The feature advects northwestward until the FT CCN source is depleted, after which Nd decreases over a few days due to precipitation and dilution. The model suggests that the FT CCN source supplying the hook consists of high concentrations of small accumulation-mode aerosols that contribute a relatively small amount of aerosol mass to the MBL, in agreement with near-coast VOCALS measurements of polluted layers in the FT. The aerosol particles in this hook originate mainly from a pulse of offshore flow that transports Santiago-region (33-35° S) emissions to the remote marine FT. To provide pollution CCN that can sustain hooks, the FT transport of pollution plumes to the remote ocean requires strong, deep offshore flow. Such flow is favored by a trough approaching the South American coast and a southeastward shift of the climatological subtropical high-pressure system. The model simulations show precipitation suppression in the hook and a corresponding increase in liquid water path (LWP) compared with a simulation without anthropogenic sources. LWP also increases as the hook evolves over time due to increasing stability and decreasing subsidence. WRF-Chem suggests

Dimensional threshold for fracture linkage and hooking

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lamarche, Juliette; Chabani, Arezki; Gauthier, Bertrand D. M.

2018-03-01

Fracture connectivity in rocks depends on spatial properties of the pattern including length, abundance and orientation. When fractures form a single-strike set, they hardly cross-cut each other and the connectivity is limited. Linkage probability increases with increasing fracture abundance and length as small fractures connect to each other to form longer ones. A process for parallel fracture linkage is the "hooking", where two converging fracture tips mutually deviate and then converge to connect due to the interaction of their crack-tip stresses. Quantifying the processes and conditions for fracture linkage in single-strike fracture sets is crucial to better predicting fluid flow in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs. For 1734 fractures in Permian shales of the Lodève Basin, SE France, we measured geometrical parameters in 2D, characterizing three stages of the hooking process: underlapping, overlapping and linkage. We deciphered the threshold values, shape ratios and limiting conditions to switch from one stage to another one. The hook set up depends on the spacing (S) and fracture length (Lh) with the relation S ≈ 0.15 Lh. Once the hooking is initiated, with the fracture deviation length (L) L ≈ 0.4 Lh, the fractures reaches the linkage stage only when the spacing is reduced to S ≈ 0.02 Lh and the convergence (C) is < 0.1 L. These conditions apply to multi-scale fractures with a shape ratio L/S = 10 and for fracture curvature of 10°-20°.

Reflections on Sandy Hook

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trump, Kenneth S.

2013-01-01

In this article, the author shares his thoughts for district administrators regarding the Sandy Hook Elementary school tragedy. Administrators heard a lot of potential solutions or attempts at solutions. However, these proposals raise lengthy lists of implementation questions and issues that illustrate a lack of understanding of school operations,…

Ureteral injury during gynecological laparoscopic surgeries: report of twelve cases.

PubMed

Gao, Jin-Song; Leng, Jin-Hua; Liu, Zhu-Feng; Shen, Keng; Lang, Jing-He

2007-03-01

To investigate ureteral injury during gynecological laparoscopic surgeries. From January 1990 to December 2005, 12 868 gynecological laparoscopic surgeries were conducted in Peking Union Medical College Hospital with 12 ureteral injuries reported. The present study investigated several aspects, including surgical indications, uterine size, pelvic adhesion, operative procedures, symptoms, diagnostic time and methods, injury site and type, subsequent treatment, and prognosis. The incidence of ureteral injury was 0.093% (12/12 868) in all cases, 0.42% (11/2 586) in laparoscopic hysterectomy [laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) or total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH)], and 0.01% (1/10 282) in non-LAVH surgeries. Enlarged uterus, pelvic adhesion, and endometrosis were risk factors associated with ureteral injury. Only one injury was found intraoperatively while others were found postoperatively. The injury sites were at the pelvic brim (2 cases) or the lower part of ureter (10 cases). Patients were treated with ureteral stenting (effective in 2 cases) or laparotomy and open repair. Prognoses were favorable in most cases. Most laparoscopic ureteral injuries occur during laparoscopic hysterectomy. Further evaluation is required when ureteral injury is suspected, and surgical repair is the major treatment for ureteral injury.

Injury case-control studies using "other injuries" as controls.

PubMed

Marshall, Stephen W

2008-03-01

Studies of event-related (or "event-phase") interventions (such as ski helmets) can address injury at a specific body site (such as the head) by using as controls a group of people who experienced the same event (fall) and suffered injuries at other body sites (other than the head). The research question addressed by this type of study is the effect of an exposure or intervention (helmet) during the event phase (fall) of the causal chain. However, this is a valid case-control design only if the controls (skiers with other injuries) provide a reasonable proxy for the prevalence of exposure (helmet-wearing) in the underlying event-phase source population (skiers who fell). This assumption needs to be carefully assessed. Factors associated with both helmet-wearing and injury given a fall (eg, previous injury history, skiing inexperience, or risk-taking behavior) have considerable potential to create bias.

Bohlin transformation: the hidden symmetry that connects Hooke to Newton

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saggio, Maria Luisa

2013-01-01

Hooke's name is familiar to students of mechanics thanks to the law of force that bears his name. Less well-known is the influence his findings had on the founder of mechanics, Isaac Newton. In a lecture given some twenty years ago, W Arnol'd pointed out the outstanding contribution to science made by Hooke, and also noted the controversial issue of the attribution of important discoveries to Newton that were actually inspired by Hooke. It therefore seems ironic that the two most famous force laws, named after Hooke and Newton, are two geometrical aspects of the same law. This relationship, together with other illuminating aspects of Newtonian mechanics, is described in Arnol'd's book and is worth remembering in standard physics courses. In this didactical paper the duality of the two forces is expounded and an account of the more recent contributions to the subject is given.

[Size structure, selectivity and specific composition of the catch in traps for marine fish in the Gulf of California].

PubMed

Nevárez-Martínez, Manuel O; Balmori-Ramírez, Alejandro; Miranda-Mier, Everardo; Santos-Molina, J Pablo; Méndez-Tenorio, Francisco J; Cervantes-Valle, Celio

2008-09-01

We analyzed the performance of three traps for marine fish between October 2005 and August 2006 in the Gulf of California, Mexico. The performance was measured as difference in selectivity, fish diversity, size structure and yield. The samples were collected with quadrangular traps 90 cm wide, 120 cm long and 50 cm high. Trap type 1 had a 5 x 5 cm mesh (type 2: 5 x 5 cm including a rear panel of 5 x 10 cm; trap 3: 5 x 10 cm). Most abundant in our traps were: Goldspotted sand bass (Paralabrax auroguttatus), Ocean whitefish (Caulolatilus princeps), Spotted sand bass (P. maculatofaciatus) and Bighead tilefish (C. affinis); there was no bycatch. The number offish per trap per haul decreased when mesh size was increased. We also observed a direct relationship between mesh size and average fish length. By comparing our traps with the authorized fishing gear (hooks-and-line) we found that the size structure is larger in traps. Traps with larger mesh size were more selective. Consequently, we recommend adding traps to hooks-and-line as authorized fishing gear in the small scale fisheries of the Sonora coast, Mexico.

Transfissural Route Used for Preoperative Localization of Small Pulmonary Lesions with a Short Hook Wire and Suture System

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Iguchi, Toshihiro, E-mail: iguchi@ba2.so-net.ne.jp; Hiraki, Takao, E-mail: takaoh@tc4.so-net.ne.jp; Gobara, Hideo, E-mail: gobara@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp

2015-02-15

PurposeWe retrospectively evaluated the results of the transfissural route for preoperative localization with a short hook wire and suture system for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).MethodsEleven patients with 11 tumors underwent CT-guided transfissural placement of a hook wire before VATS. This route was selected for all patients, because the distance between the tumor and interlobar fissure was much shorter than the required distance traversed using the conventional approach. Complications were evaluated using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0.ResultsThe hook wire was successfully placed using the transfissural route in all but one case. Of these tenmore » successful placements, two tumors needed a second puncture for optimal placement, because the CT scan showed that the first hook wire was not properly placed in the lung. In one patient, we did not attempt replacement after the first placement was incorrect. In ten successful procedures, the mean distance traversed in the parenchyma of the unaffected lung lobe was 27.9 mm. The distance between the pleura and placed hook wire was significantly shorter than the estimated distance between the pleura and hook wire using the conventional route (mean 16.3 vs. 40.9 mm; P = 0.0002). Grade 1 adverse events occurred (11 pneumothoraxes and 4 pulmonary hemorrhages). No grade 2 or higher adverse event was observed.ConclusionsThe transfissural route used for preoperative localization before VATS is useful for selected patients because this route may allow for more limited lung parenchyma resection.« less

Rheinheimera salexigens sp. nov., isolated from a fishing hook, and emended description of the genus Rheinheimera.

PubMed

Hayashi, Kazukuni; Busse, Hans-Jürgen; Golke, Jan; Anderson, James; Wan, Xuehua; Hou, Shaobin; Chain, Patrick S G; Prescott, Rebecca D; Donachie, Stuart P

2018-01-01

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated KH87 T , was isolated from a fishing hook that had been baited and suspended in seawater off O'ahu, Hawai'i. Based on a comparison of 1524 nt of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KH87 T , its nearest neighbours were the GammaproteobacteriaRheinheimera nanhaiensis E407-8 T (96.2 % identity), Rheinheimera chironomi K19414 T (96.0 %), Rheinheimera pacifica KMM 1406 T (95.8 %), Rheinheimera muenzenbergensis E49 T (95.7 %), Alishewanella solinquinati KMK6 T (94.9 %) and Arsukibacterium ikkense GCM72 T (94.6 %). Cells of KH87 T were motile by a single polar flagellum, strictly aerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. Growth occurred between 4 and 39 °C, and in a circumneutral pH range. Major fatty acids in whole cells of strain KH87 T were cis-9-hexadecenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and cis-11-octadecenoic acid. The quinone system contained mostly menaquinone MK-7, and a minor amount of ubiquinone Q-8. The polar lipid profile contained the major lipids phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid, and a lipid not containing phosphate, an amino group or a sugar moiety. Putrescine was the major polyamine. Physiological, biochemical and genomic data, including obligate halophily, absence of amylolytic activity, a quinone system dominated by MK-7 and DNA G+C content (42.0 mol%) distinguished KH87 T from extant Rheinheimera species; strain KH87 T was also distinguished by a multi-locus sequence analysis of aligned and concatenated 16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoB and rpoD gene sequences. Based on phenotypic and genotypic differences, the species Rheinheimera salexigens sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate KH87 T as the type strain (=ATCC BAA-2715 T =CIP 111115 T ). An emended description of the genus Rheinheimera is also proposed.

Sandy Hook Traveler Information System

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-09-01

This report focuses on equipment and procedural solutions for gathering and disseminating a wide range of visitor information, including real-time traveler information data relating to traffic and parking at the Sandy Hook Unit of the Gateway Recreat...

Development and impact of hooks of large droplet concentration on remote southeast Pacific stratocumulus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

George, R. C.; Wood, R.; Bretherton, C. S.; Painter, G.

2013-01-01

Over the southeastern Pacific (SEP), droplet concentration (Nd) in the typically unpolluted marine stratocumulus west of 80° W (> 1000 km offshore) is periodically strongly enhanced in zonally-elongated "hook"-shaped arcs that increase albedo. Here, we examine three hook events using the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem) with 14 km horizontal resolution, satellite data and aircraft data from the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx). A particularly strong hook yields insights to the development, decay, and radiative impact of these features. Hook development occurs with Nd increasing to polluted levels over the remote ocean primarily due to entrainment of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) from the free troposphere (FT). The feature advects northwestward until the FT CCN source is depleted, after which Nd decreases over a few days due to precipitation and dilution. The model suggests that the FT CCN source supplying the hook consists of high concentrations of small accumulation mode aerosols that contribute a relatively small amount of aerosol mass to the MBL. The aerosol particles originate mainly from a pulse of offshore flow that transports Santiago region (33-35° S) emissions to the marine FT. To provide a sustained hook CCN source, the FT transport of pollution plumes to the remote ocean requires strong, deep offshore flow. Such flow is favored by a trough approaching the South American coast and a southeastward shift of the climatological subtropical high pressure system. The model simulations show precipitation suppression in the hook and a corresponding increase in liquid water path (LWP) compared with a simulation without anthropogenic sources. LWP also increases in time as the hook evolves due to increasing stability and decreasing subsidence. WRF-Chem suggests that DMS significantly influences the aerosol number and size distributions in a hook, but that hooks do not form without

FISH OIL IMPROVES MOTOR FUNCTION, LIMITS BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER DISRUPTION, AND REDUCES MMP9 GENE EXPRESSION IN A RAT MODEL OF JUVENILE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

PubMed Central

Russell, K. L.; Berman, N. E. J.; Gregg, P. R. A.; Levant, B.

2014-01-01

SUMMARY The effects of an oral fish oil treatment regimen on sensorimotor, blood-brain barrier, and biochemical outcomes of traumatic brain injury (TBI) were investigated in a juvenile rat model. Seventeen-day old Long-Evans rats were given a 15 mL/kg fish oil (2.01 g/kg EPA, 1.34 g/kg DHA) or soybean oil dose via oral gavage 30 minutes prior to being subjected to a controlled cortical impact injury or sham surgery, followed by daily doses for seven days. Fish oil treatment resulted in less severe hindlimb deficits after TBI as assessed with the beam walk test, decreased cerebral IgG infiltration, and decreased TBI-induced expression of the Mmp9h gene one day after injury. These results indicate that fish oil improved functional outcome after TBI resulting, at least in part from decreased disruption of the blood-brain barrier through a mechanism that includes attenuation of TBI-induced expression of Mmp9. PMID:24342130

Fish oil improves motor function, limits blood-brain barrier disruption, and reduces Mmp9 gene expression in a rat model of juvenile traumatic brain injury.

PubMed

Russell, K L; Berman, N E J; Gregg, P R A; Levant, B

2014-01-01

The effects of an oral fish oil treatment regimen on sensorimotor, blood-brain barrier, and biochemical outcomes of traumatic brain injury (TBI) were investigated in a juvenile rat model. Seventeen-day old Long-Evans rats were given a 15mL/kg fish oil (2.01g/kg EPA, 1.34g/kg DHA) or soybean oil dose via oral gavage 30min prior to being subjected to a controlled cortical impact injury or sham surgery, followed by daily doses for seven days. Fish oil treatment resulted in less severe hindlimb deficits after TBI as assessed with the beam walk test, decreased cerebral IgG infiltration, and decreased TBI-induced expression of the Mmp9 gene one day after injury. These results indicate that fish oil improved functional outcome after TBI resulting, at least in part from decreased disruption of the blood-brain barrier through a mechanism that includes attenuation of TBI-induced expression of Mmp9. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

New realizations of 𝒩 = 2l-conformal Newton-Hooke superalgebra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Masterov, Ivan

2015-04-01

By applying Niederer-like transformation, we construct a representation of the 𝒩 = 2l-conformal Newton-Hooke (NH) superalgebra for the case of a negative cosmological constant in terms of linear differential operators as well as its dynamical realization. Another variant of 𝒩 = 2 supersymmetric Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator for a particular choice of its frequencies is proposed. The advantages of such realizations as compared to their analogues introduced in [I. Masterov, J. Math. Phys.53, 072904 (2012)], are discussed.

Jurassic onychites (arm hooks) from squid-like cephalopods from the Wessex Basin, southern England

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hart, Malcolm; Hughes, Zoe; Page, Kevin; Price, Gregory; Smart, Christopher

2017-04-01

Modern coleoid (squid-like) cephalopods have arms that carry arrays of both suckers and hardened, organic hooks. Fossil arm hooks have been known since the description of Sternberg in 1823, although he identified them as algal remains. During the twentieth century there have been a number of descriptions of hooks (Kulicki & Szaniawski, 1972; Clarke & Engeser, 1988). Kulicki & Szaniawski (1972) gave these 'morphotypes' names using a binomial classification though, with many lacking defined (and figured) holotypes and, in some cases, only one recorded specimen, some of their designations should be regarded as invalid. Some of their morphotypes have, however, been reported widely, from DSDP sites on the Falkland Plateau as well as New Zealand, Germany, Svalbard, Poland and the United Kingdom. Exceptional soft-bodied preservation of species such as Belemnotheutis antiquus (Pearce, 1847) from the Callovian-Oxfordian of Wiltshire (UK) and Clarkeiteuthis montefiore (Buckman, 1880) from the Sinemurian of Dorset (UK) has allowed the identification of the host animal of some morphotypes, though the majority remain un-attributable. In the Christian Malford lagerstätte (Upper Callovian) of Wiltshire large numbers of hooks (including forms described as Acanthuncus, Arites, Deinuncus, Falcuncus, Longuncus and Paraglycerites) are found associated with an abundance of statoliths (cephalopod 'ear bones') and macrofossil evidence of both belemnites and teuthids, some of which includes exceptional soft-bodied preservation (Wilby et al., 2004; Hart et al., 2016). Many of the hook types cannot, at present be assigned to known taxa of coleoid. In Belemnotheutis antiquus there appears to be one form of simple, slightly curved hook and their shape appears to remain constant throughout the Callovian -Kimmeridgian interval. In the Lias Group, hooks of Clarkeiteuthis are very different, with inflated, often bi-lobate bases and each arm often characterised by the presence of different shapes

Covariant Formulation of Hooke's Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gron, O.

1981-01-01

Introducing a four-vector strain and a four-force stress, Hooke's law is written as a four-vector equation. This formulation is shown to clarify seemingly paradoxical results in connection with uniformly accelerated motion, and rotational motion with angular acceleration. (Author/JN)

An experimental 'Life' for an experimental life: Richard Waller's biography of Robert Hooke (1705).

PubMed

Moxham, Noah

2016-03-01

Richard Waller's 'Life of Dr Robert Hooke', prefixed to his edition of Hooke's Posthumous Works (1705), is an important source for the life of one of the most eminent members of the early Royal Society. It also has the distinction of being one of the earliest biographies of a man of science to be published in English. I argue that it is in fact the first biography to embrace the subject's natural-philosophical work as the centre of his life, and I investigate Waller's reasons for adopting this strategy and his struggle with the problem of how to represent an early experimental philosopher in print. I suggest that Waller eschews the 'Christian philosopher' tradition of contemporary biography - partly because of the unusually diverse and fragmentary nature of Hooke's intellectual output - and draws instead upon the structure of the Royal Society's archive as a means of organizing and understanding Hooke's life. The most quoted phrase from Waller's biography is that Hooke became 'to a crime close and reserved' in later life; this essay argues that Waller's biographical sketch was fashioned in order to undo the effects of that reserve. In modelling his approach very closely on the structure of the society's records he was principally concerned with making Hooke's work and biography accessible, intelligible and useful to the fellowship in a context familiar to them, a context which had provided the institutional framework for most of Hooke's adult life. I argue that Waller's 'Life' was also intended to make the largest claims for Hooke's intellectual standing that the author dared in the context of the enmity between Hooke and Isaac Newton once the latter became president of the Royal Society. However, I also adduce fresh manuscript evidence that Waller actually compiled, but did not publish, a defence of Hooke's claim to have discovered the inverse square law of gravity, allowing us to glimpse a much more assertive biography of Hooke than the published version.

The effects of dietary fish oil on inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress associated with obstructive renal injury in rats.

PubMed

Peake, Jonathan M; Gobe, Glenda C; Fassett, Robert G; Coombes, Jeff S

2011-03-01

We examined whether dietary supplementation with fish oil modulates inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress following obstructive renal injury. Three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (n=16 per group) were fed for 4 wk on normal rat chow (oleic acid), chow containing fish oil (33 g eicosapentaenoic acid and 26 g docosahexaenoic acid per kg diet), or chow containing safflower oil (60 g linoleic acid per kg diet). All diets contained 7% fat. After 4 wk, the rats were further subdivided into four smaller groups (n=4 per group). Unilateral ureteral obstruction was induced in three groups (for 4, 7 and 14 days). The fourth group for each diet did not undergo surgery, and was sacrificed as controls at 14 days. When rats were sacrificed, plasma and portions of the kidneys were removed and frozen; other portions of kidney tissue were fixed and prepared for histology. Compared with normal chow and safflower oil, fish oil attenuated collagen deposition, macrophage infiltration, TGF-β expression, apoptosis, and tissue levels of arachidonic acid, MIP-1α, IL-1β, MCP-1 and leukotriene B(4). Compared with normal chow, fish oil increased the expression of HO-1 protein in kidney tissue. Fish oil intake reduced inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress following obstructive renal injury. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Clavicular hook plate for grade-III acromioclavicular dislocation.

PubMed

Steinbacher, Gilbert; Sallent, Andrea; Seijas, Roberto; Boffa, Juan Manuel; Espinosa, Wenceslao; Cugat, Ramón

2014-12-01

To review the outcomes of clavicular hook plate fixation for grade-III acromioclavicular (AC) dislocation in young athletes. Medical records of 14 male and 5 female athletes aged 18 to 49 (mean, 29) years who underwent fixation with a 3.5-mm-thick, 15-mm-long clavicular hook plate for acute grade-III AC dislocation were reviewed. The visual analogue score for pain and the Constant shoulder score were assessed. The mean follow-up was 4.2 years. The mean visual analogue score for pain was 1.8 (range, 1-3). The Constant shoulder score was excellent (≥ 90) in 14 patients and good (83-89) in 5 patients. All patients achieved range of motion equal to that of the contralateral side at week 5. Sports activities were resumed by month 6 at the latest. The clavicular hook plate for grade- III AC dislocation enables quick return to sports activities and achieves good-to-excellent functional outcome.

When Teachers Aren't Nice: bell hooks and Feminist Pedagogy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buffington, Nancy

The recent "feminization" of composition theory and pedagogy has replaced the classroom figure of the authoritative father with an image of a nurturing mother. But as bell hooks and others insist, the classroom is inherently a place of struggle and conflict and the "real world" is even more so. Hooks offers concrete…

Features of ciguatera fish poisoning cases in Hong Kong 2004-2007.

PubMed

Wong, Chun-Kwan; Hung, Patricia; Lee, Kellie L H; Mok, Tina; Chung, Thomas; Kam, Kai-Man

2008-12-01

To review the clinical features and laboratory investigations of ciguatera patients in Hong Kong between 2004 and 2007 in order to show the timely sampling of implicated fish from ciguatera victims and application of validated mouse bioassay for confirming suspected clinical cases of ciguatera. Diagnosis of the ciguatera victims was based on history of coral fish consumption and clinical presentations stated in official guidelines for clinical diagnosis of ciguatera fish poisoning in Hong Kong. Food remnants of coral fish samples were collected swiftly from ciguatera victims between 2004 and 2007 for ciguatoxins (CTXs) analysis. Major clinical symptoms in ciguatera patients included gastrointestinal and neurological effects including limb numbness and diarrhoea, which developed at 0.5 to 15 hours after consumption of fish. In most cases, neurological symptoms were more common than gastrointestinal symptoms. A broad range of attack rate (10%-100%) was observed in each ciguatera outbreak. Validated mouse bioassay on ether extracts of the food remnant samples confirmed that all were CTXs-positive (<0.5 - 4.3 MU/20 mg ether extract) and directly linked to the corresponding ciguatera cases. Consistency between clinical and laboratory analysis for ciguatera poisoning illustrates the application of laboratory mouse bioassay in a timely fashion for confirming ciguatera poisoning cases and implementing effective public health measures. With further improvement in laboratory techniques, features of ciguatera fish poisoning cases can be better defined. Further studies are needed to determine the risk of each class of CTXs (Pacific-, Indian- and Caribbean-CTXs) in Hong Kong.

Evaluation of the orientation of 90* and 180* reinforcing bar hooks.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-01-01

This report describes test results of a study initiated to evaluate the potential influence of hook tilt angle of standard reinforcing hooks : on the bond strength of concrete. The topic of the evaluation of the orientation of 90 and 180 degree reinf...

Injury-mediated decrease in locomotor performance increases predation risk in schooling fish.

PubMed

Krause, J; Herbert-Read, J E; Seebacher, F; Domenici, P; Wilson, A D M; Marras, S; Svendsen, M B S; Strömbom, D; Steffensen, J F; Krause, S; Viblanc, P E; Couillaud, P; Bach, P; Sabarros, P S; Zaslansky, P; Kurvers, R H J M

2017-08-19

The costs and benefits of group living often depend on the spatial position of individuals within groups and the ability of individuals to occupy preferred positions. For example, models of predation events for moving prey groups predict higher mortality risk for individuals at the periphery and front of groups. We investigated these predictions in sardine ( Sardinella aurita ) schools under attack from group hunting sailfish ( Istiophorus platypterus ) in the open ocean. Sailfish approached sardine schools about equally often from the front and rear, but prior to attack there was a chasing period in which sardines attempted to swim away from the predator. Consequently, all sailfish attacks were directed at the rear and peripheral positions of the school, resulting in higher predation risk for individuals at these positions. During attacks, sailfish slash at sardines with their bill causing prey injury including scale removal and tissue damage. Sardines injured in previous attacks were more often found in the rear half of the school than in the front half. Moreover, injured fish had lower tail-beat frequencies and lagged behind uninjured fish. Injuries inflicted by sailfish bills may, therefore, hinder prey swimming speed and drive spatial sorting in prey schools through passive self-assortment. We found only partial support for the theoretical predictions from current predator-prey models, highlighting the importance of incorporating more realistic predator-prey dynamics into these models.This article is part of the themed issue 'Physiological determinants of social behaviour in animals'. © 2017 The Author(s).

High-dose HOOK effect in urinary DcR2 assay in patients with chronic kidney disease.

PubMed

Chen, Jia; Chen, Ke-Hong; Wang, Li-Ming; Zhang, Wei-Wei; Feng, Lei; Dai, Huan-Zi; He, Ya-Ni

2018-06-05

Urinary DcR2 (uDcR2) is a biomarker for the early detection the tubulointerstitial injury (TII) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the high-dose hook effect may lead to falsely low or even negative results when using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This study aimed to investigate if the high-dose hook effect exists with ELISA testing, and to uncover a potential approach for reducing this effect. 72 CKD patients were recruited and categorized into four groups based on TII scores. uDcR2 was measured in undiluted and serially diluted (two-, four-, eight- and 16-fold dilutions) urine using an ELISA kit. The results from the assay were normalized to urinary creatinine. We evaluated the correlation between uDcR2/cre levels at different dilutions and renal histological parameters. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to examine the value of uDcR2/cre for predicting TII. uDcR2/cre levels in the undiluted urine were significantly higher in patients with CKD than those in the control. However, higher TII scores did not yield higher levels of uDcR2/cre in the undiluted urine. After serial dilution, uDcR2/cre levels were highest with the four-fold dilution. A positive correlation was found between uDcR2/cre levels at different dilutions and TII scores, with the highest correlation coefficient and the largest AUC being observed at the four-fold dilution. The high-dose hook effect was apparent during ELISA testing of uDcR2 in CKD patients, yet dilution of the urine samples neutralized this effect. However, the use of a four-fold dilution of urine for uDcR2/cre testing may eliminate the high-dose hook effect and make it possible to effectively monitor the severity of TII in CKD patients. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Flagellar Hook Flexibility Is Essential for Bundle Formation in Swimming Escherichia coli Cells

PubMed Central

Brown, Mostyn T.; Steel, Bradley C.; Silvestrin, Claudio; Wilkinson, David A.; Delalez, Nicolas J.; Lumb, Craig N.; Obara, Boguslaw; Berry, Richard M.

2012-01-01

Swimming Escherichia coli cells are propelled by the rotary motion of their flagellar filaments. In the normal swimming pattern, filaments positioned randomly over the cell form a bundle at the posterior pole. It has long been assumed that the hook functions as a universal joint, transmitting rotation on the motor axis through up to ∼90° to the filament in the bundle. Structural models of the hook have revealed how its flexibility is expected to arise from dynamic changes in the distance between monomers in the helical lattice. In particular, each of the 11 protofilaments that comprise the hook is predicted to cycle between short and long forms, corresponding to the inside and outside of the curved hook, once each revolution of the motor when the hook is acting as a universal joint. To test this, we genetically modified the hook so that it could be stiffened by binding streptavidin to biotinylated monomers, impeding their motion relative to each other. We found that impeding the action of the universal joint resulted in atypical swimming behavior as a consequence of disrupted bundle formation, in agreement with the universal joint model. PMID:22522898

Eigenstates and dynamics of Hooke's atom: Exact results and path integral simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gholizadehkalkhoran, Hossein; Ruokosenmäki, Ilkka; Rantala, Tapio T.

2018-05-01

The system of two interacting electrons in one-dimensional harmonic potential or Hooke's atom is considered, again. On one hand, it appears as a model for quantum dots in a strong confinement regime, and on the other hand, it provides us with a hard test bench for new methods with the "space splitting" arising from the one-dimensional Coulomb potential. Here, we complete the numerous previous studies of the ground state of Hooke's atom by including the excited states and dynamics, not considered earlier. With the perturbation theory, we reach essentially exact eigenstate energies and wave functions for the strong confinement regime as novel results. We also consider external perturbation induced quantum dynamics in a simple separable case. Finally, we test our novel numerical approach based on real-time path integrals (RTPIs) in reproducing the above. The RTPI turns out to be a straightforward approach with exact account of electronic correlations for solving the eigenstates and dynamics without the conventional restrictions of electronic structure methods.

77 FR 15722 - Southern California Hook and Line Survey; Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-16

... meeting to evaluate the Southern California Shelf Rockfish Hook and Line Survey which was designed to... and Line survey design and protocols; (2) examine the analytical methods used to generate rockfish... California Hook and Line Survey; Public Meeting AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National...

75 FR 21512 - Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Reef Fish Fishery of the Gulf of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-26

... bait, including skate and shark bait, which would be a non-natural food for sea turtles. Information.... Circle hooks have been required, when using natural baits, in the reef fish fishery since 2008. The...

Case of penetrating orbitocranial injury caused by wood.

PubMed Central

Mutlukan, E; Fleck, B W; Cullen, J F; Whittle, I R

1991-01-01

A case of retained intraorbital and intracerebral wooden foreign body following an orbitocranial penetrating injury through the lower lid of an adult is described. Initial failure to recognise the true nature of the injury led to intracerebral abscess formation and monocular blindness. Diagnosis and management of such cases are discussed. Images PMID:2043585

Are College Students Replacing Dating and Romantic Relationships with Hooking Up?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siebenbruner, Jessica

2013-01-01

This study assessed female college students' ("N" = 197) participation in dating, romantic relationships, hooking up behaviors, and the intersection of these activities. Hooking up was prevalent among students ("n" = 78; 39.6%), but dating ("n" = 139; 70.6%) and romantic relationship ("n" = 147; 74.6%)…

Fluidically Controlled Cargo Hook

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-03-01

Final Breadboard Fluidic Circuit IT 6 External Cargo Handling System - Cü-Sk Type Aircraft 18 7 Back Pressure Switch Response Time - Switching...On 20 8 Back Pressure Switch Response Time - Switching Off 21 9 Hook Actuator - Pressure Rise Rate 22 10 Breadboard Fluidic System Component...LINE LENGTH* FT Figure 7« Back. Pressure Switch Response Time - Switching On. ! TABLE k. INTERFACE VALVE SIGNAL TIME

Cloning and characteristics of fish glial fibrillary acidic protein: implications for optic nerve regeneration.

PubMed

Cohen, I; Shani, Y; Schwartz, M

1993-08-15

Mammalian central nervous system neurons do not regenerate after axonal injury, unlike their counterparts in fish and amphibians. After axonal injury, glial cells in mammals do not support regrowth of axons, while in fish they support the regeneration process. Controversy exists as to whether or not the intact fish optic nerve expresses glial fibrillary acidic protein, a well-known marker for mature astrocytes, and thus whether its astrocytes differ in this respect from those of the brain and spinal cord, as well as from optic nerve astrocytes of other species. In an attempt to resolve this question we cloned fish glial fibrillary acidic protein. Two different complementary DNA clones were isolated from a carp brain complementary DNA library, each encoding a different form of glial fibrillary acidic protein apparently originating from different genes. Monospecific polyclonal antibodies were raised against a peptide synthesized according to the predicted amino acid sequence, and used to identify and localize the fish glial fibrillary acidic protein. Two glial fibrillary acidic proteins (of 49 kDa and 51 kDa) were identified by the antibodies in all tested fish central nervous system tissues. The antibodies were then used to examine glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in sections taken from uninjured and injured optic nerves of goldfish. Injury was followed by an elevation in glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity along the whole length of the nerve, except at the site of the injury, where--as in the case of vimentin--no immunoreactivity was detectable. However, in contrast to vimentin-positive glial cells, which repopulate the site of the injury soon after the optic nerve is injured, glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive glial cells remained outside the injury site for as long as 6 weeks after the injury. Despite the injury-induced changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity, no change was observed in the level of transcript

Light exaggerates apical hook curvature through phytochrome actions in tomato seedlings.

PubMed

Shichijo, Chizuko; Ohuchi, Hisako; Iwata, Naoko; Nagatoshi, Yukari; Takahashi, Miki; Nakatani, Eri; Inoue, Kentaroh; Tsurumi, Seiji; Tanaka, Osamu; Hashimoto, Tohru

2010-02-01

Contrary to the established notion that the apical hook of dark-grown dicotyledonous seedlings opens in response to light, we found in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) that the apical hook curvature is exaggerated by light. Experiments with several tomato cultivars and phytochrome mutants, irradiated with red and far-red light either as a brief pulse (Rp, FRp) or continuously (Rc, FRc), revealed: the hook-exaggeration response is maximal at the emergence of the hypocotyl from the seed; the effect of Rp is FRp-reversible; fluence-response curves to a single Rp or FRp show an involvement of low and very low fluence responses (LFR, VLFR); the effect of Rc is fluence-rate dependent, but that of FRc is not; the phyA mutant (phyA hp-1) failed to respond to an Rp of less than 10(-2) micromol m(-2) and to an FRp of all fluences tested as well as to FRc, thus indicating that the hook-exaggeration response involves phyA-mediated VLFR. The Rp fluence-response curve with the same mutant also confirmed the presence of an LFR mediated by phytochrome(s) other than phyA, although the phyB1 mutant (phyB1 hp-1) still showed full response probably due to other redundant phytochrome species (e.g., phyB2). Simulation experiments led to the possible significance of hook exaggeration in the field that the photoresponse may facilitate the release of seed coat when seeds germinate at some range of depth in soil. It was also observed that seed coat and/or endosperm are essential to the hook exaggeration.

An assessment of oceanic seabird abundance and distribution off the southern Brazilian coast using observations obtained during deep-water fishing operations.

PubMed

Branco, J O; Fracasso, H A A; Pérez, J A A; Rodrigues-Filho, J L

2014-08-01

The use of discarded fish over baited hooks used in longline fishery, and fish caught in gillnets, as a food source for gulls, albatrosses and petrels has been intensively studied in northern and southern oceans. This study describes the occurrence and abundance of seabirds observed from 20 foreign vessels which operated during the period between July 2001 and May 2005, off the southeastern and southern Brazilian coast. A total of 353,557 seabirds were observed; comprising eight families and 28 species. The most abundant species was Procellaria conspicillata followed by Daption capense, Puffinus gravis, Thalassarche melanophrys and Oceanites oceanicus. Ten species of seabirds (392 individual birds) were incidentally captured in gillnets; and 122 birds (9 species) by longline hooks, with P. gravis, D. capense and Procellaria aequinoctialis having the largest capture rates.

Collaborative Lesson Hook Design in Science Teacher Education: Advancing Professional Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCauley, Veronica; Davison, Kevin; Byrne, Corinna

2015-01-01

This article documents the process of collaboratively developing lesson hook e-resources for science teachers to establish a community of inquiry and to strengthen the pedagogy of science teaching. The authors aim to illustrate how the development and application of strategic hooks can bridge situational interest and personal interest so that…

Assessing the Personal Negative Impacts of Hooking Up Experienced by College Students: Gender Differences and Mental Health.

PubMed

Napper, Lucy E; Montes, Kevin S; Kenney, Shannon R; LaBrie, Joseph W

2016-09-01

Hooking up is a normative behavior among college students that is associated with a range of positive and negative consequences. While previous research has primarily focused on women's negative experiences of hooking up, the current study explored the relationships among hooking up behaviors, psychological distress, and a broad range of negative effects of hooking up in both male and female college students. Using a multisite sample of college students, we developed the 14-item Negative Impact of Hookups Inventory (NIHI) to assess negative health outcomes, emotional responses, and social consequences associated with hooking up. Unprotected sex and having more hookup partners were associated with greater negative experiences of hooking up. Contrary to expectations, there were no gender differences in the total number of negative hookup effects, although men reported more frequent hookups. In addition, negative impacts of hooking up were positively associated with psychological distress regardless of gender. The NIHI may offer a useful tool to assess the negative impacts of hooking up. Understanding students' hookup experiences is an important step toward developing targeted health interventions related to hooking up behavior in young adult populations.

Physiological response of some economically important freshwater salmonids to catch-and-release fishing

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wedemeyer, G.A.; Wydoski, R.S.

2008-01-01

Catch-and-release fishing regulations are widely used by fishery resource managers to maintain both the quantity and quality of sport fish populations. We evaluated blood chemistry disturbances in wild brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, brown trout Salmo trutta, cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii, and Arctic grayling Thymallus arcticus that had been hooked and played for 1-5 min in waters of the intermountain western United States. A hatchery stock of brown trout was included for comparison. To assess time needed for recovery, additional test groups were played for 5 min and then released into net-pens, where they were held for up to 72 h. The osmoregulatory and metabolic disturbances associated with catch-and-release fishing under the conditions we tested were minimal and judged to be well within normal physiological tolerance limits. In fish that were held for recovery, the blood chemistry alterations that did occur appeared to be related to stress from confinement in the net-pens. Our results confirm the results of previous studies, showing that prerelease air exposure and handling cause more physiological stress than does either hooking per se or playing time. Fishery managers must be aware of the differences in the perceptions, attitudes, and values of different societal groups, some of which feel that catch-and-release fishing should be banned because it is cruel to the animals. On the basis of brain anatomy, it seems highly unlikely that fish experience pain in the same manner as humans experience it, because fish lack a neocortex, the brain structure that enables the sensation of pain in higher vertebrates. However, independent of the neurobiological argument, our results indicate that under conditions similar to those tested, fish subjected to catch and release are neither suffering nor particularly stressed. Improved education programs about the relatively benign physiological effects of catch-and-release fishing as a fishery management practice would

33 CFR 80.170 - Sandy Hook, NJ to Tom's River, NJ.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Sandy Hook, NJ to Tom's River, NJ. 80.170 Section 80.170 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES Atlantic Coast § 80.170 Sandy Hook, NJ to Tom's River...

Short-term outcomes of arthroscopic TightRope® fixation are better than hook plate fixation in acute unstable acromioclavicular joint dislocations.

PubMed

Bin Abd Razak, Hamid Rahmatullah; Yeo, Eng-Meng Nicholas; Yeo, William; Lie, Tijauw-Tjoen Denny

2018-07-01

The aim of this study was to compare the short-term outcomes of arthroscopic TightRope ® fixation with that of hook plate fixation in patients with acute unstable acromioclavicular joint dislocations. We conducted a prospective case-control study of twenty-six patients with an acute ACJ dislocation who underwent surgical repair with either an arthroscopic TightRope ® fixation or a hook plate from 2013 to 2016. Clinical and radiological data were collected prospectively. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Constant Score, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Score, Oxford Shoulder Score as well as the visual analogue scale. Radiological outcomes were assessed with the coracoclavicular distance (CCD). Sixteen patients underwent arthroscopic TightRope ® fixation, while 10 patients underwent hook plate fixation. There were no significant differences in the preoperative variables except for the mean UCLA 4b infraspinatus score (TightRope ® 2.8 vs. hook plate 3.8; p = 0.030). Duration of surgery was significantly longer in the TightRope ® group. At 1 year post-operatively, the TightRope ® group had a significantly better Constant Score and CCD with no complications. All patients with hook plate fixation had to undergo a second procedure for removal of implant, and 3 patients had complications. Arthroscopic TightRope ® fixation is a good option for the treatment of acute unstable ACJ dislocations. It has better short-term clinical and radiological outcomes as well as lesser complications when compared to hook plate fixation. Therapeutic, Level III.

[Injury to fish by turbine plants].

PubMed

Bernoth, E M

1990-04-01

In the Federal Republic of Germany, 7% of the electric power is generated by Hydro-electric plants. A water current is used to drive a turbine, to generate electricity. Fish are passively drawn into the turbines by the water flow, or they migrate actively downstream (eels). Fish then may be injured or even killed. The national Countries' Fishery Acts are not sufficient to compel the prevention of fish gaining access to the turbines. To compensate for losses to the fishery, the owners of Hydro power plants can re-stock their water supplies. Superior to the Fishery Acts of the various Countries is the Federal Animal Protection Law. According to its principle, it is not allowed to cause pain, suffering or damage to an animal without a reasonable cause. It cannot be the intention of either the Fishery Acts or the Animal Protection Law to compensate losses in the fish population by re-stocking. On the contrary, the damage has to be prevented in advance. A suitable means to achieve this is the combination of electrified barriers with a bypass for fish.

Catch and release: How do kinetochores hook the right microtubules during mitosis?

PubMed Central

Sarangapani, Krishna K.; Asbury, Charles L.

2014-01-01

Sport fishermen keep tension on their lines to prevent hooked fish from releasing. A molecular version of this angler’s trick, operating at kinetochores, ensures accuracy during mitosis: The mitotic spindle attaches randomly to chromosomes and then correctly bioriented attachments are stabilized due to the tension exerted on them by opposing microtubules. Incorrect attachments, which lack tension, are unstable and release quickly, allowing another chance for biorientation. Stabilization of molecular interactions by tension also occurs in other physiological contexts such as cell adhesion, motility, hemostasis, and tissue morphogenesis. Here we review models for the stabilization of kinetochore attachments with an eye toward emerging models for other force-activated systems. While attention in the mitosis field has focused mainly on one kinase-based mechanism, multiple mechanisms may act together to stabilize properly bioriented kinetochores and some principles governing other tension-sensitive systems may apply to kinetochores as well. PMID:24631209

Nail gun injuries to the head with minimal neurological consequences: a case series.

PubMed

Makoshi, Ziyad; AlKherayf, Fahad; Da Silva, Vasco; Lesiuk, Howard

2016-03-16

An estimated 3700 individuals are seen annually in US emergency departments for nail gun-related injuries. Approximately 45 cases have been reported in the literature concerning nail gun injuries penetrating the cranium. These cases pose a challenge for the neurosurgeon because of the uniqueness of each case, the dynamics of high pressure nail gun injuries, and the surgical planning to remove the foreign body without further vascular injury or uncontrolled intracranial hemorrhage. Here we present four cases of penetrating nail gun injuries with variable presentations. Case 1 is of a 33-year-old white man who sustained 10 nail gunshot injuries to his head. Case 2 is of a 51-year-old white man who sustained bi-temporal nail gun injuries to his head. Cases 3 and 4 are of two white men aged 22 years and 49 years with a single nail gun injury to the head. In the context of these individual cases and a review of similar cases in the literature we present surgical approaches and considerations in the management of nail gun injuries to the cranium. Case 1 presented with cranial nerve deficits, Case 2 required intubation for low Glasgow Coma Scale, while Cases 3 and 4 were neurologically intact on presentation. Three patients underwent angiography for assessment of vascular injury and all patients underwent surgical removal of foreign objects using a vice-grip. No neurological deficits were found in these patients on follow-up. Nail gun injuries can present with variable clinical status; mortality and morbidity is low for surgically managed isolated nail gun-related injuries to the head. The current case series describes the surgical use of a vice-grip for a good grip of the nail head and controlled extraction, and these patients appear to have a good postoperative prognosis with minimal neurological deficits postoperatively and on follow-up.

In vitro biomechanical comparison of pedicle screws, sublaminar hooks, and sublaminar cables.

PubMed

Hitchon, Patrick W; Brenton, Matthew D; Black, Andrew G; From, Aaron; Harrod, Jeremy S; Barry, Christopher; Serhan, Hassan; Torner, James C

2003-07-01

Three types of posterior thoracolumbar implants are in use today: pedicle screws, sublaminar titaniumcables, and sublaminar hooks. The authors conducted a biomechanical comparison of these three implants in human cadaveric spines. Spine specimens (T5-12) were harvested, radiographically assessed for fractures or metastases, and their bone mineral density (BMD) was measured. Individual vertebrae were disarticulated and fitted with either pedicle screws, sublaminar cables, or bilateral claw hooks. The longitudinal component of each construct consisted of bilateral 10-cm rods connected with two cross-connectors. The vertebral body was embedded in cement, and the rods were affixed to a ball-and-socket apparatus for the application of a distraction force. The authors analyzed 1) 20 vertebrae implanted with screws; 2) 20 with hooks, and 3) 20 with cables. The maximum pullout (MPO) forces prior to failure (mean +/- standard deviation) for the screw, hook, and cable implants were 972 +/- 330, 802 +/- 356, and 654 +/- 248 N, respectively (p = 0.0375). Cables allowed significantly greater displacement (6.80 +/- 3.95 mm) prior to reaching the MPO force than hooks (3.73 +/- 1.42 mm) and screws (4.42 +/- 2.15 mm [p = 0.0108]). Eleven screw-implanted vertebrae failed because of screw pullout. All hook-and-cable-implanted vertebrae failed because of pedicle, middle column, or laminar fracture. These findings suggest that screws possess the greatest pullout strength of the three fixation systems. Sublaminar cables are the least rigid of the three. When screw failure occurred, the mechanism was generally screw back-out, without vertebral fractures.

Microsurgery in 46 cases with total hand degloving injury.

PubMed

Ju, Jihui; Li, Jianning; Hou, Ruixing

2015-10-01

To summarize the characteristics of total hand degloving injury and investigate the curative effect of microsurgery. A total of 46 patients with total hand degloving injury were enrolled in this study. The injury classification and treatment methods were as follows: Type I (11 cases), treated by replantation of the gloved skin; Type II (6 cases), treated by reconstruction using thumb wrap-around flap and second toe; Type III (4 cases), treated by reconstruction using bilateral second toe with dorsal foot flap; Type IV (9 cases), treated by replantation in situ or reconstruction; Type V (16 cases), treated by replantation or abdominal flap reconstruction. Of the patients who received Type I treatment, five completely survived, whereas eight had finger necrosis. In Type II, both the reconstructed fingers and hand flaps survived. For four patients who received Type III treatment, eight reconstructed fingers survived. In Type IV, two patients with reconstructed fingers survived, whereas the six with replantation in situ had necrosis of the partial palmar or hand dorsum skin. In Type V, nine patients with reconstructed fingers survived, and five cases with abdominal skin flap reconstruction and one case with anterolateral femoral flap survived. The restoration of hand appearance and function was the best in patients who received replantation. For reconstruction cases, however, the hand function was recovered to the basic self-care level. In cases with abdominal flap reconstruction, the hand function showed poor recovery. Total hand degloving injury can be classified into different types according to the injury degree. The appropriate microsurgical treatment based on these types can produce better curative effect. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Taiwan.

Arthroscopic-assisted Locking Compression Plate clavicular hook fixation for unstable fractures of the lateral end of the clavicle: a prospective study

PubMed Central

Lee, Kwang Won; Kim, Kap Jung; Kim, Yong In; Kwon, Won Cho; Choy, Won Sik

2009-01-01

The aim of this prospective study was to assess the clinical outcomes of an unstable fracture of the lateral end of the clavicle treated with an arthroscopic-assisted locking compressive plate (LCP) clavicular hook plate. Twenty-three patients underwent arthroscopic assisted LCP clavicular hook plate fixation for these fractures. All patients achieved clinical and radiological union over a mean of 4.2 months (range, 3.4–5 months). Four patients (17%) showed some degree of acromial osteolysis. Three patients (13%) showed radiological signs of arthrosis of the acromioclavicular joint. In one patient, a second fracture (stress) was observed between the medial two screws of the plate without an additional injury. Five patients (22%) showed subacromial bursitis on dynamic ultrasonography. The mean Constant and Murley score was 91 points (range, 81–98). The average level of pain in the shoulder at rest and on abduction was 1 (range, 0–2) and 2.4 (range, 0–4), respectively. Based on our experience, arthroscopic-assisted LCP hook plate fixation for the treatment of unstable fractures of the lateral end of the clavicle is not without complications. However, it is an acceptable alternative method that is easy to apply with good results. Furthermore, it prevents rotator cuff impingement, allows early mobilisation and maintains the acromioclavicular joint biomechanics. PMID:19998033

Fishing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Walker, G.

1984-09-01

Two classifications of fishing jobs are discussed: open hole and cased hole. When there is no casing in the area of the fish, it is called open hole fishing. When the fish is inside the casing, it is called cased hole fishing. The article lists various things that can become a fish-stuck drill pipe, including: broken drill pipe, drill collars, bit, bit cones, hand tools dropped in the well, sanded up or mud stuck tubing, packers become stuck, and much more. It is suggested that on a fishing job, all parties involved should cooperate with each other, and that fishingmore » tool people obtain all the information concerning the well. That way they can select the right tools and methods to clean out the well as quickly as possible.« less

Structure of the bacterial flagellar hook and implication for the molecular universal joint mechanism.

PubMed

Samatey, Fadel A; Matsunami, Hideyuki; Imada, Katsumi; Nagashima, Shigehiro; Shaikh, Tanvir R; Thomas, Dennis R; Chen, James Z; Derosier, David J; Kitao, Akio; Namba, Keiichi

2004-10-28

The bacterial flagellum is a motile organelle, and the flagellar hook is a short, highly curved tubular structure that connects the flagellar motor to the long filament acting as a helical propeller. The hook is made of about 120 copies of a single protein, FlgE, and its function as a nano-sized universal joint is essential for dynamic and efficient bacterial motility and taxis. It transmits the motor torque to the helical propeller over a wide range of its orientation for swimming and tumbling. Here we report a partial atomic model of the hook obtained by X-ray crystallography of FlgE31, a major proteolytic fragment of FlgE lacking unfolded terminal regions, and by electron cryomicroscopy and three-dimensional helical image reconstruction of the hook. The model reveals the intricate molecular interactions and a plausible switching mechanism for the hook to be flexible in bending but rigid against twisting for its universal joint function.

Crafting the microworld: how Robert Hooke constructed knowledge about small things

PubMed Central

Lawson, Ian

2016-01-01

This paper investigates the way in which Robert Hooke constructed his microscopical observations. His Micrographia is justifiably famous for its detailed engravings, which communicated Hooke's observations of tiny nature to his readers, but less attention has been paid to how he went about making the observations themselves. In this paper I explore the relationship between the materiality of his instrument and the epistemic images he produced. Behind the pictures lies an array of hidden materials, and the craft knowledge it took to manipulate them. By investigating the often counter-theoretical and conflicting practices of his ingenious microscope use, I demonstrate the way in which Hooke crafted the microworld for his readers, giving insight into how early modern microscopy was understood by its practitioners and audience. PMID:27017680

CRAFTING THE MICROWORLD: HOW ROBERT HOOKE CONSTRUCTED KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SMALL THINGS.

PubMed

Lawson, Ian

2016-03-20

This paper investigates the way in which Robert Hooke constructed his microscopical observations. His Micrographia is justifiably famous for its detailed engravings, which communicated Hooke's observations of tiny nature to his readers, but less attention has been paid to how he went about making the observations themselves. In this paper I explore the relationship between the materiality of his instrument and the epistemic images he produced. Behind the pictures lies an array of hidden materials, and the craft knowledge it took to manipulate them. By investigating the often counter-theoretical and conflicting practices of his ingenious microscope use, I demonstrate the way in which Hooke crafted the microworld for his readers, giving insight into how early modern microscopy was understood by its practitioners and audience.

Influence of hook position on phototropic and gravitropic curvature by etiolated hypocotyls of Arabidopsis thaliana

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Khurana, J. P.; Best, T. R.; Poff, K. L.

1989-01-01

Phototropic and gravitropic curvature by hypocotyls of Arabidopsis thaliana is minimal when the side of the hook with the cotyledons attached is positioned toward the direction of tropistic curvature, and maximal when that side of the hook is positioned away from the direction of tropistic curvature. Based on these data, it is proposed that the position of the hook with attached cotyledons affects curvature and not stimulus perception. A randomly oriented population of plants exhibited considerable heterogeneity in tropistic curvature. This heterogeneity arises at least in part from the dependence of curvature on the position of the hook.

Influence of hook position on phototropic and gravitropic curvature by etiolated hypocotyls of Arabidopsis thaliana.

PubMed

Khurana, J P; Best, T R; Poff, K L

1989-01-01

Phototropic and gravitropic curvature by hypocotyls of Arabidopsis thaliana is minimal when the side of the hook with the cotyledons attached is positioned toward the direction of tropistic curvature, and maximal when that side of the hook is positioned away from the direction of tropistic curvature. Based on these data, it is proposed that the position of the hook with attached cotyledons affects curvature and not stimulus perception. A randomly oriented population of plants exhibited considerable heterogeneity in tropistic curvature. This heterogeneity arises at least in part from the dependence of curvature on the position of the hook.

Surgical treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocations: hook plate versus minimally invasive reconstruction.

PubMed

Metzlaff, S; Rosslenbroich, S; Forkel, P H; Schliemann, B; Arshad, H; Raschke, M; Petersen, W

2016-06-01

This study was performed to compare the clinical results of a minimally invasive technique for acute acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation repair with the traditional hook plate fixation. Forty-four patients with an acute (within 2 weeks after trauma) complete AC joint separation (35 male, nine female; median age 36.2 years, range 18-56) underwent surgical repair with either a minimally invasive AC joint repair or a conventional hook plate. Functional outcome was evaluated using the Constant-Murley Score (CMS), the TAFT score and the AC joint instability score (ACJI). Radiographic evaluation was performed with bilateral anterior-posterior (a.p.) stress and Alexander views. All patients were available after a median follow-up of 32 months (range 24-51). There were no significant differences in the mean CMS, Taft score and the ACJI between the two groups. The radiological assessment revealed no significant difference in the coracoclavicular distance. In both groups, a slight loss of reduction was observed. Periarticular ossification was seen in 11 patients of the minimally invasive AC joint repair and eight patients of the hook plate group but this did not affect the final outcome. Hook plates were removed after a median interval of 11.9 weeks (range 10-13). Good clinical results can be achieved with both minimally invasive AC joint repair and hook plate fixation. However, in the hook plate group a second operation is mandatory for plate removal. III.

Hook Region Represented in a Cochlear Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Steele, Charles R.; Kim, Namkeun; Puria, Sunil

2009-02-01

The present interest is in discontinuities. Particularly the geometry of the hook region, with the flexible round window nearly parallel with the basilar membrane, is not represented by a standard box model, in which both stapes and round window are placed at the end. A better model represents the round window by a soft membrane in the wall of scala tympani, with the end closed. This complicates the analysis considerably. Features are that the significant compression wave, i.e., the fast wave, is of negligible magnitude in this region, and that significant evanescent waves occur because of the discontinuities at the beginning and end of the simulated round window. The effect of this on both high frequency, with maximum basilar membrane response in the hook region, and lower frequencies are determined.

[Comparison between J-hook and micro-implant anchorage in the treatment of patients with bimaxillary protrusion].

PubMed

Chen, Wen-Jing; Li, Qing-Yi; Gong, Ai-Xiu; Hu, Fang; Gu, Yong-Jia

2008-02-01

To compare the difference between J-hook and micro-implant anchorage in the treatment of patient with bimaxillary protrusion. Thirty patients with bimaxillary protrusion were divided into two groups (J-hook and micro-implant groups) and treated with MBT appliance. Four first premolars were extracted in all patients. Cephalometric analyses were carried out before and after treatment. In J-hook group and micro-implant group,computerized cephalometric analysis revealed that before treatment U6C-PP was (12.4 +/- 0.2) mm and (12.5 +/- 0.1) mm, respectively,and after treatment U6C-PP was (12.6 +/- 0.1) mm and (12.8 +/- 0.1) mm,respectively. The difference between J-hook group and microimplant group was significant (P < 0.01). The other differences of cephalometric analyses between J-hook group and micro-implant group was not significant. Both J-hook and micro-implant could provide adequate anchorage in the treatment of patients with bimaxillary protrusion.

Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) chimalapasensis n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from the freshwater fish Awaous banana (Valenciennes) (Gobiidae) in Mexico.

PubMed

Salgado-Maldonado, Guillermo; Caspeta-Mandujano, Juan Manuel; Martínez-Ramírez, Emilio

2010-03-01

Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) chimalapasensis n. sp. (Eoacanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) is described from the intestine of Awaous banana (Valenciennes) (Pisces: Gobiidae) collected in the Río Negro, a tributary in the upper Río Coatzacoalcos basin, Santa María Chimalapa, Oaxaca State, Mexico. It is the third species of Neoechinorhynchus Stiles & Hassall, 1905 described from Mexican freshwater fishes, although 36 other species are known from freshwater fishes in the Americas. Like four other species of Neoechinorhynchus from freshwater fishes in North America and Mexico, N. (N.) limi Muzzall & Buckner, 1982, (N.) rutili (Müller, 1780) Stiles & Hassall, 1905, N. (N.) salmonis Ching, 1984 and N. (N.) roseus Salgado-Maldonado, 1978, males and females of the new species are less than 20 mm in length, lack conspicuous sexual dimorphism in size, have a small proboscis of about 0.1 mm in length with the largest hooks being the anteriormost, about 30-90 microm in length and of equal size, and have subequal lemnisci, larger than the proboscis receptacle but still relatively short and, in males, generally restricted to a position considerably anterior to the testes. The new species is closest to N. (N.) roseus, but it is distinguished from it by having: (1) a slightly larger cylindrical proboscis with almost parallel sides versus a globular proboscis with a rounded tip which is shorter and somewhat wider in N. (N.) roseus; (2) smaller but robust anterior proboscis hooks that do not reach the equatorial level or extend beyond the hooks of the middle circle as in N. (N.) roseus; and (3) the female gonopore situated ventrally subterminal, as opposed to being a significant distance anteriorly to the posterior extremity in N. (N.) roseus.

The Hooked Galaxy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2006-06-01

Life is not easy, even for galaxies. Some indeed get so close to their neighbours that they get rather distorted. But such encounters between galaxies have another effect: they spawn new generations of stars, some of which explode. ESO's VLT has obtained a unique vista of a pair of entangled galaxies, in which a star exploded. Because of the importance of exploding stars, and particularly of supernovae of Type Ia [1], for cosmological studies (e.g. relating to claims of an accelerated cosmic expansion and the existence of a new, unknown, constituent of the universe - the so called 'Dark Energy'), they are a preferred target of study for astronomers. Thus, on several occasions, they pointed ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) towards a region of the sky that portrays a trio of amazing galaxies. MCG-01-39-003 (bottom right) is a peculiar spiral galaxy, with a telephone number name, that presents a hook at one side, most probably due to the interaction with its neighbour, the spiral galaxy NGC 5917 (upper right). In fact, further enhancement of the image reveals that matter is pulled off MCG-01-39-003 by NGC 5917. Both these galaxies are located at similar distances, about 87 million light-years away, towards the constellation of Libra (The Balance). ESO PR Photo 22/06 ESO PR Photo 22/06 The Hooked Galaxy and its Companion NGC 5917 (also known as Arp 254 and MCG-01-39-002) is about 750 times fainter than can be seen by the unaided eye and is about 40,000 light-years across. It was discovered in 1835 by William Herschel, who strangely enough, seems to have missed its hooked companion, only 2.5 times fainter. As seen at the bottom left of this exceptional VLT image, a still fainter and nameless, but intricately beautiful, barred spiral galaxy looks from a distance the entangled pair, while many 'island universes' perform a cosmic dance in the background. But this is not the reason why astronomers look at this region. Last year, a star exploded in the vicinity of the hook

Bathing suit mesh entrapment: an unusual case of penile injury.

PubMed

Hoppa, Eric C; Wiley, James F

2006-12-01

Penile injury is a rare chief complaint in the pediatric emergency department. The most common penile injuries are iatrogenic or postsurgical complications, blunt trauma, tourniquet injuries, fractures, and zipper injuries. We report a series of 3 cases of penile foreskin entrapment within the mesh lining of bathing suits as a new, recognized form of penile injury.

[Margaret Cavendish vs Robert Hooke: An impossible duel].

PubMed

Aït-Touati, Frédérique

2016-12-01

In 1665, Robert Hooke published his major work in microscopy, Micrographia, a defense of experimental philosophy. The following year, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle, published at her own expense a treatise and a novel that undermined the basis of this new science. The dispute broke out at the initiative of the Duchess, in the context of a vast controversy about the legitimacy and the efficiency of optical instruments in natural philosophy. All the figures of the dual are used, except one: the counterattack. Cavendish, indeed, was alone on the battlefield. Is it possible to call a dual a battle with only one combatant? This particular case of dispute that stops owing to the shortage of combatants is the subject of this article.

Evaluation of Fish Passage Conditions for Juvenile Salmonids Using Sensor Fish at Detroit Dam, Oregon

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Duncan, Joanne P.

2010-01-29

Fish passage conditions through two spillways at Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River in Oregon were evaluated by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Portland District, using Sensor Fish devices. The objective of the study was to describe and compare passage exposure conditions through Spillbay 3 and Spillbay 6 at 1.5- and 3.5-ft gate openings, identifying potential fish injury regions of the routes. The study was performed in July 2009, concurrent with HI-Z balloon-tag studies by Normandeau Associates, Inc. Sensor Fish and live fish were deployed at elevations approximately 3 ft above structuremore » at depths determined using a computational fluid dynamics model. Data collected were analyzed to estimate 1) exposure conditions, particularly exposure to severe collision and shear events by passage route sub-regions; 2) differences in passage conditions between passage routes; and 3) relationships to live-fish injury and mortality data estimates.« less

Review of 166 Gunshot Injury Cases in Dogs.

PubMed

Capak, Hrvoje; Brkljaca Bottegaro, Nika; Manojlovic, Ana; Smolec, Ozren; Vnuk, Drazen

2016-12-01

The study is aimed to establish predilection signalment and history data, and to investigate clinical findings and risk factors associated with a poor outcome in dogs with projectile injuries. A retrospective study was undertaken of 166 canine cases in which a projectile was found on radiograph in a university׳s diagnostic imaging center more than a 4-year period. The study included dogs with both apparent (obvious recent traumatic event) and incidental (traumatic event unknown to the owner) projectile injury. Radiographs were reviewed and data regarding projectile position according to body region, number and type of projectile(s), bone fracture(s), and wound(s) related to projectile were recorded. The dogs were divided into groups according to owner address, hunting accident vs. shooting unrelated to hunting, and projectile type found on radiographs. Overall, 160 dogs met the inclusion criteria, making 0.76% the incidence of gunshot injuries. Further, 91 dogs were received with incidental projectile injury, and 75 dogs had apparent projectile injury. Male dogs were overrepresented (74.1%). Hunting accidents were the cause of projectile injury in 12.7% of cases. Fractures were observed in 20.5% of dogs. Most of the dogs (62%) were from an urban area, and the most common projectile type was airgun projectile (62%). The risk of fatal outcome was 14.4 times higher in dogs with thoracic injuries. Projectile injuries are still a real cause of trauma, especially in urban areas and in male dogs. Most gunshot injuries do not cause fatalities, although the thoracic projectile injury was associated with a greater fatality risk. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The survival of monogenean (platyhelminth) parasites on fish skin.

PubMed

Kearn, G C

1999-01-01

This review deals with the problems faced by those monogenean (platyhelminth) parasites that attach themselves to fish skin. The structure of the skin and the ways in which the posterior hook-bearing haptor achieves virtually permanent attachment to the skin are considered. Small marginal hooklets are specialized for attachment to superficial host epidermal cells, finding anchorage in the terminal web of keratinous tonofilaments, while large hooks (hamuli) may penetrate into and lodge in the collagenous dermis. The complementary roles of suction and sticky secretions in haptor attachment and the role of the pharynx in temporary attachment during feeding are also considered. During leech-like locomotion the haptor is briefly detached and, at this critical time, the anterior end is strongly fixed to the wet, current-swept and possibly slimy skin by a sticky secretion. This secretion is deployed on paired pads or discs, the latter sometimes backed up by suction. After attachment by the haptor is re-established, the special tegument covering the anterior adhesive areas may be instrumental in their instant release. The role of fish skin in the phenomenon of host specificity and in the generation of a defensive response against monogeneans is considered and site-specificity of parasites on the host's body is discussed. Possible selection pressures exerted by predatory 'cleaner' organisms are briefly evaluated.

A biomechanical analysis of the self-retaining pedicle hook device in posterior spinal fixation

PubMed Central

van Laar, Wilbert; Meester, Rinse J.; Smit, Theo H.

2007-01-01

Regular hooks lack initial fixation to the spine during spinal deformity surgery. This runs the risk of posterior hook dislodgement during manipulation and correction of the spinal deformity, that may lead to loss of correction, hook migration, and post-operative junctional kyphosis. To prevent hook dislodgement during surgery, a self-retaining pedicle hook device (SPHD) is available that is made up of two counter-positioned hooks forming a monoblock posterior claw device. The initial segmental posterior fixation strength of a SPHD, however, is unknown. A biomechanical pull-out study of posterior segmental spinal fixation in a cadaver vertebral model was designed to investigate the axial pull-out strength for a SPHD, and compared to the pull-out strength of a pedicle screw. Ten porcine lumbar vertebral bodies were instrumented in pairs with two different instrumentation constructs after measuring the bone mineral density of each individual vertebra. The instrumentation constructs were extracted employing a material testing system using axial forces. The maximum pull-out forces were recorded at the time of the construct failure. Failure of the SPHD appeared in rotation and lateral displacement, without fracturing of the posterior structures. The average pull-out strength of the SPHD was 236 N versus 1,047 N in the pedicle screws (P < 0.001). The pull-out strength of the pedicle screws showed greater correlation with the BMC compared to the SPHD (P < 0.005). The SPHD showed to provide a significant inferior segmental fixation to the posterior spine in comparison to pedicle screw fixation. Despite the beneficial characteristics of the monoblock claw construct in a SPHD, that decreases the risk of posterior hook dislodgement during surgery compared to regular hooks, the SPHD does not improve the pull-out strength in such a way that it may provide a biomechanically solid alternative to pedicle screw fixation in the posterior spine. PMID:17203270

The hooked element in the pes of turtles (Testudines): a global approach to exploring primary and secondary homology

PubMed Central

Joyce, Walter G; Werneburg, Ingmar; Lyson, Tyler R

2013-01-01

The hooked element in the pes of turtles was historically identified by most palaeontologists and embryologists as a modified fifth metatarsal, and often used as evidence to unite turtles with other reptiles with a hooked element. Some recent embryological studies, however, revealed that this element might represent an enlarged fifth distal tarsal. We herein provide extensive new myological and developmental observations on the hooked element of turtles, and re-evaluate its primary and secondary homology using all available lines of evidence. Digital count and timing of development are uninformative. However, extensive myological, embryological and topological data are consistent with the hypothesis that the hooked element of turtles represents a fusion of the fifth distal tarsal with the fifth metatarsal, but that the fifth distal tarsal dominates the hooked element in pleurodiran turtles, whereas the fifth metatarsal dominates the hooked element of cryptodiran turtles. The term ‘ansulate bone’ is proposed to refer to hooked elements that result from the fusion of these two bones. The available phylogenetic and fossil data are currently insufficient to clarify the secondary homology of hooked elements within Reptilia. PMID:24102560

Gap compression/extension mechanism of bacterial flagellar hook as the molecular universal joint.

PubMed

Furuta, Tadaomi; Samatey, Fadel A; Matsunami, Hideyuki; Imada, Katsumi; Namba, Keiichi; Kitao, Akio

2007-03-01

Bacterial flagellar hook acts as a molecular universal joint, transmitting torque produced by the flagellar basal body, a rotary motor, to the flagellar filament. The hook forms polymorphic supercoil structures and can be considered as an assembly of 11 circularly arranged protofilaments. We investigated the molecular mechanism of the universal joint function of the hook by a approximately two-million-atom molecular dynamics simulation. On the inner side of the supercoil, protein subunits are highly packed along the protofilament and no gaps remain for further compression, whereas subunits are slightly separated and are hydrogen bonded through one layer of water molecules on the outer side. As for the intersubunit interactions between protofilaments, subunits are packed along the 6-start helix in a left-handed supercoil whereas they are highly packed along the 5-start helix in a right-handed supercoil. We conclude that the supercoiled structures of the hook in the left- and right-handed forms make maximal use of the gaps between subunits, which we call "gap compression/extension mechanism". Mutual sliding of subunits at the subunit interface accompanying rearrangements of intersubunit hydrogen bonds is interpreted as a mechanism to allow continuous structural change of the hook during flagellar rotation at low energy cost.

Talk about "hooking up": the influence of college student social networks on nonrelationship sex.

PubMed

Holman, Amanda; Sillars, Alan

2012-01-01

This research considers how communication within college student social networks may encourage high-risk sexual relationships. Students (n = 274) described sexual scripts for hooking up and reported on peer communication, sexual behavior, and sexual attitudes. Students described varied hookup scripts, expressed ambivalent attitudes, and reported moderate participation in hookups overall. However, the most common hookup script, suggesting high-risk sexual activity (i.e., unplanned, inebriated sex), was featured in most accounts of students who themselves participated in hookups. Students overestimated how often others were hooking up, and these estimates were especially inflated by students who frequently talked about hooking up with friends. Among students with strong ties to peers, frequent peer communication about sex predicted participation in hookups and favorable attitudes about hooking up. Peer approval also predicted hookup behavior and attitudes.

Age & reproduction in three reef - dwelling serranid fishes of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico outer continental shelf: Pronotogrammus martinicensis, Hemanthias vivanus & Serranus phoebe (with preliminary observations on the Pomacentrid fish, Chromis enchrysurus)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Thurman, Paul E.; McBride, Richard S.; Sulak, Kenneth J.; Dennis, George D.

2004-01-01

Specimens of the four study species were collected during cruises to outer-continental shelf reefs of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Age was estimated for all serranid species using whole otoliths and C. enchrysurus ages were determined from transverse sections of sagittal otoliths. Ring structure observed on otoliths was validated as having an annual periodicity for P. martinicensis using marginal increment analysis. Ring structure on remaining species was assumed to correspond to age (years). Pronotogrammus martinicensis, H. vivanus, S. phoebe, and C. enchrysurus exhibited maximum ages of 9, 8, 5, and 11, respectively. Spatial variations in size-at-age were observed in P. martinicensis populations. Individuals inhabiting reefs in the Madison-Swanson Reserve area on the West Florida Shelf edge exhibited the fastest growth rates, while the slowest growing P. martinicensis were collected from the Alabama Alps Reef, the farthest west study reef. Pronotogrammus martinicensis and H. vivanus are both protogynous hermaphrodites. Evidence of active spawning was observed in the months from February through July for P. martinicensis, and March and May for H. vivanus. Serranus phoebe was observed to be a simultaneous hermaphroditic capable of spawning year-round. Batch fecundity estimates for P. martinicensis ranged from 149-394 oocytes per fish. Size selectivity was evident in our primary sampling method, hook and line using small tandem bait hooks. Smaller size-classes of all species examined were under-represented in our samples, hindering accurate growth modeling. Due to the protogynous nature of P. martinicensis and H. vivanus, hook and line sampling also tended to select for males. Future descriptions of the reproductive biology of both protogynous species would be more complete if less selective sampling methods could be successfully employed. The data presented here contribute to a better assessment of the fish community of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Little

Migrating pharyngeal foreign bodies: a series of four cases of saw-toothed fish bones.

PubMed

Chung, Sung Min; Kim, Han Su; Park, Eun Hee

2008-09-01

Pharyngeal foreign bodies are common problems seen at emergency rooms or ENT outpatient clinics, and fish bones are the most common foreign bodies encountered in East Asia and in Korea. One of the rare complications of a swallowed sharp fish bone is its migration from the site of entry into the subcutaneous tissues of the neck. We present four unusual cases of ingested fish bones that migrated out of the upper digestive tract to the neck. In the first case, this caused a recurrent deep neck infection for 2 years; in the second case, there was penetration of the facial artery; in the third case, there was a hematoma of the floor of the mouth; in the fourth case, there was a retropharyngeal abscess.

The M-T Hook Structure Is Critical for Design of HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitors*

PubMed Central

Chong, Huihui; Yao, Xue; Sun, Jianping; Qiu, Zonglin; Zhang, Meng; Waltersperger, Sandro; Wang, Meitian; Cui, Sheng; He, Yuxian

2012-01-01

CP621-652 is a potent HIV-1 fusion inhibitor peptide derived from the C-terminal heptad repeat of gp41. We recently identified that its N-terminal residues Met-626 and Thr-627 adopt a unique hook-like structure (termed M-T hook) thus stabilizing the interaction of the inhibitor with the deep pocket on the N-terminal heptad repeat. In this study, we further demonstrated that the M-T hook structure is a key determinant of CP621-652 in terms of its thermostability and anti-HIV activity. To directly define the structure and function of the M-T hook, we generated the peptide MT-C34 by incorporating Met-626 and Thr-627 into the N terminus of the C-terminal heptad repeat-derived peptide C34. The high resolution crystal structure (1.9 Å) of MT-C34 complexed by an N-terminal heptad repeat-derived peptide reveals that the M-T hook conformation is well preserved at the N-terminal extreme of the inhibitor. Strikingly, addition of two hook residues could dramatically enhance the binding affinity and thermostability of 6-helix bundle core. Compared with C34, MT-C34 exhibited significantly increased activity to inhibit HIV-1 envelope-mediated cell fusion (6.6-fold), virus entry (4.5-fold), and replication (6-fold). Mechanistically, MT-C34 had a 10.5-fold higher increase than C34 in blocking 6-helix bundle formation. We further showed that MT-C34 possessed higher potency against T20 (Enfuvirtide, Fuzeon)-resistant HIV-1 variants. Therefore, this study provides convincing data for our proposed concept that the M-T hook structure is critical for designing HIV-1 fusion inhibitors. PMID:22879603

Application of Rubber Band with Hooks on Both Ends for Vagus Nerve Stimulator Implantation.

PubMed

Hosoyama, Hiroshi; Hanaya, Ryosuke; Otsubo, Toshiaki; Sato, Masanori; Kashida, Yumi; Sugata, Sei; Katagiri, Masaya; Iida, Koji; Arita, Kazunori

2018-03-01

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a valuable therapeutic option for many types of drug-resistant epilepsy. Muscle hooks and carotid endarterectomy rings have been used for cervical delamination preceding the implantation of stimulation electrodes. The attachment on both sides of a rubber band of Kamiyama-style hanging needles, as are used for scalp and dural retraction during craniotomy, yields a useful tool for VNS implantation. Here we report our experience with this method. We present our method using a rubber band plus hooks and a review of 21 consecutive patients who underwent VNS implantation using our rubber band-plus-hooks method. None of the 21 patients experienced intraoperative or perioperative complications. Hooks placed in connective tissue around the common carotid artery and jugular vein raised the vagus nerve by elevating the carotid sheath. A single surgeon was able to perform all cervical manipulations under a surgical microscope. The average operation time in this series of 21 patients was 137 minutes. The use of hooks attached to both sides of a rubber band rendered VNS implantation safer by lifting the vagus nerve and standardizing the procedure. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Facial Firework Injury: A Case Series

PubMed Central

Tadisina, Kashyap Komarraju; Abcarian, Ariane; Omi, Ellen

2014-01-01

Fireworks are used to celebrate a variety of religious, patriotic, and cultural holidays and events around the world. Fireworks are common in the United States, with the most popular holiday for their use being national Independence Day, also known as July Fourth. The use of fireworks within the context of celebrations and holidays presents the ideal environment for accidents that lead to severe and dangerous injuries. Injuries to the face from explosions present a challenging problem in terms of restoring ideal ocular, oral, and facial function. Despite the well documented prevalence of firework use and injury, there is a relatively large deficit in the literature in terms of firework injury that involves the face. We present a unique case series that includes 4 adult male patients all with severe firework injuries to the face that presented at an urban level 1 trauma center. These four patients had an average age of 26.7 years old and presented within 5 hours of each other starting on July Fourth. Two patients died from their injuries and two patients underwent reconstructive surgical management, one of which had two follow up surgeries. We explore in detail their presentation, management, and subsequent outcomes as an attempt to add to the very limited data in the field of facial firework blast injury. In addition, the coincidence of their presentation within the same 5 hours brings into question the availability of the fireworks involved, and the possibility of similar injuries related to this type of firework in the future. PMID:25035740

Facial firework injury: a case series.

PubMed

Tadisina, Kashyap K; Abcarian, Ariane; Omi, Ellen

2014-07-01

Fireworks are used to celebrate a variety of religious, patriotic, and cultural holidays and events around the world. Fireworks are common in the United States, with the most popular holiday for their use being national Independence Day, also known as July Fourth. The use of fireworks within the context of celebrations and holidays presents the ideal environment for accidents that lead to severe and dangerous injuries. Injuries to the face from explosions present a challenging problem in terms of restoring ideal ocular, oral, and facial function. Despite the well documented prevalence of firework use and injury, there is a relatively large deficit in the literature in terms of firework injury that involves the face. We present a unique case series that includes 4 adult male patients all with severe firework injuries to the face that presented at an urban level 1 trauma center. These four patients had an average age of 26.7 years old and presented within 5 hours of each other starting on July Fourth. Two patients died from their injuries and two patients underwent reconstructive surgical management, one of which had two follow up surgeries. We explore in detail their presentation, management, and subsequent outcomes as an attempt to add to the very limited data in the field of facial firework blast injury. In addition, the coincidence of their presentation within the same 5 hours brings into question the availability of the fireworks involved, and the possibility of similar injuries related to this type of firework in the future.

Kohn's theorem, Larmor's equivalence principle and the Newton-Hooke group

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gibbons, G.W., E-mail: gwg1@amtp.cam.ac.uk; Pope, C.N.; George P. and Cynthia W. Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242

2011-07-15

Highlights: > We show that non-relativistic electrons moving in a magnetic field with trapping potential admits as relativity group the Newton-Hooke group. > We use this fact to give a group theoretic interpretation of Kohn's theorem and to obtain the spectrum. > We obtain the lightlike lift of the system exhibiting showing it coincides with the Nappi-Witten spacetime. - Abstract: We consider non-relativistic electrons, each of the same charge to mass ratio, moving in an external magnetic field with an interaction potential depending only on the mutual separations, possibly confined by a harmonic trapping potential. We show that the systemmore » admits a 'relativity group' which is a one-parameter family of deformations of the standard Galilei group to the Newton-Hooke group which is a Wigner-Inoenue contraction of the de Sitter group. This allows a group-theoretic interpretation of Kohn's theorem and related results. Larmor's theorem is used to show that the one-parameter family of deformations are all isomorphic. We study the 'Eisenhart' or 'lightlike' lift of the system, exhibiting it as a pp-wave. In the planar case, the Eisenhart lift is the Brdicka-Eardley-Nappi-Witten pp-wave solution of Einstein-Maxwell theory, which may also be regarded as a bi-invariant metric on the Cangemi-Jackiw group.« less

Tennis injuries: prevention and treatment. A review.

PubMed

Kulund, D N; McCue, F C; Rockwell, D A; Gieck, J H

1979-01-01

When players are engaged in the sport of tennis, injuries may occur to the eyes, in the neck, to the shoulder and back, arm and elbow, wrist and hand, and feet. The key to prevention and treatment of these injuries is good coaching and a formal stretching and strengthening program. The drooped "tennis shoulder" of professionals and senior tennis players is a natural response to heavy use. Shoulder elevating exercises are useful when soreness is associated. The treatment of tennis elbow includes wrist extensor stretching, isometrics, and light weightlifting. When a player follows this program, injections or counterforce braces are rarely needed. It is important for the player to bring his racket to the examination so that his stroke mechanics and grip can be checked. Wrist soreness in a tennis player may denote a hamate hook fracture. Special radiographic views are needed to discern the fracture and it is treated with a short arm cast and little finger extension splint. Nonunion of a hamate hook requires excision. The calf pain prodrome of "tennis leg" requires rest and then a stretching program. Tennis shoes should have rolled heels and large toe boxes with reinforced toe bumpers. The physician may have to fashion soft inserts for the tennis shoes; arch supports may be insufficient.

Evaluation in vitro of the tensile strength of crimpable hooks used for stabilization in orthognathic surgery.

PubMed

Andrade Gomes, Nascimento Leonard Euller; Melo, Pithon Matheus; Lacerda, Santos Rogério; D'Albuquerque, Medeiros Paulo Jose

2012-03-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the tensile strength of crimpable hooks used for arch stabilization in orthognatic surgery. Ninety stainless steel wire (0.019" × 0.026") segments, each measuring 6 cm long, were used and attached to crimpable hooks of different commercial brands. Six groups were formed (n = 10) denominated as follows: control, in which the wire segments were perpendicularly welded by spot welding machine; and the hooks groups M (Morelli), MS (Morelli with weld), TP (TP Ortho), TPS (TP with weld), TPTg (TP-tungsten), TPTgS (TP-tungsten with weld), AO (American Orthodontics), and AOS (American Orthodontics with weld). The test specimen topography was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy before and after the tensile strength tests. After obtaining the results, the analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis multiple-comparison tests were applied. Compared with the control group, the AOS ball hooks and those from TPS required a greater amount of force to be displaced along the rectangular arch. The hooks in group M were significantly easier to displace, followed by those from AO. The best ball hooks for clinical application are those from AOS and TPS. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

On Impact: A Case of a Student with Head Injuries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buckley, Valerie A.; Chesire, David J.; Canto, Angela I.

2011-01-01

This article describes a case of a student with head injuries. While the symptom presentation for students with traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be vastly different, this case represents common symptoms seen in students who are recovering from a concussion. The authors suggest that school psychologists query the teacher and parents about their…

Postcholecystectomy bile duct injuries: experience with 49 cases managed by different therapeutic modalities.

PubMed

Abdel Wahab, M; el-Ebiedy, G; Sultan, A; el-Ghawalby, N; Fathy, O; Gad el-Hak, N; Abo Elenin, A; Abo Zid, M; Ezzat, F

1996-01-01

In this study we present our experience in the management of iatrogenic biliary injuries. Forty-nine cases with iatrogenic biliary injuries were managed in our center during the period from 1984 to 1995. Forty patients were referred from other hospitals after cholecystectomy, and 9 cases underwent the original operation in our center. Four (0.3%) of our patients after 1300 conventional cholecystectomy, and 5 (0.9%) cases after 550 laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The injuries were recognized intraoperatively in 5 (10%) cases and were immediately repaired, 3 cases by axial anastomosis and T-tube drainage, 2 cases by hepatico-jejunostomy (Roux-en-Y). The injuries were detected in the remaining 44 patients postoperatively from one week up to 2 months, the mode of presentation was jaundice in 39 (89%) cases, biliary fistula with or without jaundice and biliary peritonitis were detected in 13 (30%) and in 4 (9%) cases respectively. Eleven (25%) cases were treated endoscopically by sphincterotomy, stent in 8 cases, dilatation and double stent in two cases, and dilatation using rigid dilators and stent in one case. The remaining 33 (75%) cases were treated surgically by hepatico-jejunostomy in 21 (64%) cases, and hepatico-duodenostomy in 12 (36%) cases. No hospital mortality occurred, but late mortality occurred in two (5%) patients after surgery due to biliary restricture with progressive cirrhosis in one case, and due to advanced colon cancer in the other case, an din one (9%) case after endoscopic treatment. We achieved 87% excellent surgical results during the period of follow-up (36 months), while 80% excellent results were achieved after endoscopic treatment. Good final results (95%, 83%) were achieved after hepatico-jejunostomy and after hepatico-duodenostomy respectively. Postcholecystectomy biliary injuries present a surgical problem needing extra efforts and careful management. Hepatico-jejunostomy appears to be the procedure of choice in repairing these injuries

Philosophy of experiment in early modern England: the case of Bacon, Boyle and Hooke.

PubMed

Anstey, Peter R

2014-01-01

Serious philosophical reflection on the nature of experiment began in earnest in the seventeenth century. This paper expounds the most influential philosophy of experiment in seventeenth-century England, the Bacon-Boyle-Hooke view of experiment. It is argued that this can only be understood in the context of the new experimental philosophy practised according to the Baconian theory of natural history. The distinctive typology of experiments of this view is discussed, as well as its account of the relation between experiment and theory. This leads into an assessment of other recent discussions of early modern experiment, namely, those of David Gooding, Thomas Kuhn, J.E. Tiles and Peter Dear.

Applications of the Sensor Fish Technology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Deng, Zhiqun; Carlson, Thomas J.; Duncan, Joanne P.

2007-08-28

The Sensor Fish is an autonomous device developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and Army Corps of Engineers (COE) to better understand the physical conditions fish experience during passage through hydro-turbines and other dam bypass alternatives. Since its initial development in 1997, the Sensor Fish has undergone several design changes to improve its function and extend the range of its use. The most recent Sensor Fish design, the six-degree-of-freedom (6DOF) device, has been deployed successfully to characterize the environment fish experience when they pass through several hydroelectric projects along main stem Columbia and Snakemore » Rivers in the Pacific Northwest. Just as information gathered from crash test dummies can affect automobile design with the installation of protective designs to lessen or prevent human injury, having sensor fish data to quantify accelerations, rotations, and pressure changes, helps identify fish injury mechanisms such as strike, turbulent shear, pressure, and inertial effects, including non-lethal ones such as stunning or signs of vestibular disruption that expose fish to a higher risk of predation by birds and piscivorous fish downstream following passage.« less

[Automobile Traffic Accident Death Case Analysis of Characteristics of Driver Injury].

PubMed

Du, Y L; Zhang, W L

2017-02-01

To distinguish the injury characteristic changes on the drivers between the injuries of drivers and passengers in traffic accidents, and to provide scientific evidence for confirming the identity of driver in traffic accidents. Data of 126 automobile traffic accident death cases in the reclamation areas of Heilongjiang province from 2006-2014 were retrospectively studied. The injury characteristics on the drivers of automobile traffic accident death cases were analyzed and the forensic identification problem in the injuries of drivers and passengers were discussed. Injuries were frequently observed on driver's neck, chest and abdomen. The characteristic injuries caused by auto parts were also found, which appeared at the places of passenger's head, face and limbs contacted with automobile. Such characteristic injuries were not found at other places. The location and type of injury are associated with the identity of the deceased. Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine

Severe mutilation of a Critically Endangered Taiwanese humpback dolphin Sousa chinensis taiwanensis by fishing gear.

PubMed

Wang, John Y; Araújo-Wang, Claryana

2017-03-21

Direct observations of the causes of injuries to cetaceans are rare events. For very small and declining populations, such events may be even less likely to be observed because of the few individuals that remain. A long-term monitoring program using photographic identification of individuals resulted in the documentation of an individual Taiwanese humpback dolphin Sousa chinensis taiwanensis that survived a harmful interaction with fishing gear. An adult female that was accompanied by a young calf sustained massive damage to several tissue types on her dorsal surface. From the injuries, it is clear that the animal had suffered intense trauma that likely caused pain for several months as the fishing gear sliced through its dorsal hump and fin. Given the incredible mutilation, the animal is likely compromised at some level and probably continues to experience ongoing pain. This case, along with observations of other individuals in this population bearing serious injuries or being entangled in fishing gear, is direct evidence that the impacts of local fisheries on this subspecies are almost certainly unsustainable.

Long-term supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid salvages cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury in rats fed with fish-oil-deprived diet.

PubMed

Nasa, Y; Hayashi, M; Sasaki, H; Hayashi, J; Takeo, S

1998-06-01

Dietary supplementation of fish oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3, DHA) has been shown to exert protective effects on ischemic/reperfused hearts. We determined whether deprivation of fish oil from the diet paradoxically enhances susceptibility of cardiomyocytes to hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury and whether supplementation with either EPA or DHA overcomes such alterations. Rats were fed with fish-oil-rich (FOR) diet, fish-oil-deprived (FOD) diet alone, FOD diet with EPA (1 g/kg/day), or FOD diet with DHA (1 g/kg/day) for 4 weeks. The FOD diet reduced n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and increased n-6 PUFAs such as linoleic (C18:2) and arachidonic acids (C20:4) in myocardial phospholipids. EPA or DHA supplementation increased its incorporation into phospholipid pools. Cardiomyocytes isolated by treatment with collagenase were subjected to 150 min of hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation for 15 min. In the FOD diet group, the number of surviving rod-shaped cells after hypoxia and reoxygenation was smaller than that of the FOR group. Supplementation with EPA did not affect the number of rod-shaped cells, but attenuated reoxygenation-induced reduction in the number of square-shaped cells. In contrast, DHA supplementation did not afford any protection. The results suggest that deprivation of fish oil from dietary intake enhances the susceptibility of cardiomyocytes to hypoxic injury, and EPA, but not DHA, is capable of salvaging cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced damage.

[Effect of External Applying Compound Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. on Joint Pain of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients].

PubMed

Jiao, Juan; Tang, Xiao-po; Yuan, Jing; Liu, Xu; Liu, Hui; Zhang, Chun-yan; Wang, Li-ying; Jiang, Quan

2016-01-01

To observe the effectiveness and safety of external applying Compound Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. (TwHF) in relieving joint pain in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. In this double-blinded, randomized multicenter trial, a total of 174 moderately active RA patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to the treatment group (treated with Compound TwHF, 87 cases) and the placebo control group (87 cases). Compound TwHF or placebo was externally applied in painful joints, 20 g each time, once per day for 8 weeks. Self-reported joint pain relief was taken as a primary effective indicator. Visual analogue scale for pain (VAS), disease activity score of 28 joints (DAS28), VAS for general health (GH) were evaluated before treatment, at week 4 and after treatment. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) were tested before and after treatment. Menstrual changes in females were observed during treatment. Skin irritation occurred during the recording process was assessed using skin irritation strength. Intention to treat (ITT) was statistically analyzed. The joint pain relief rate in the treatment group was 90.8% (79/87 cases), higher than that in the placebo control group (69.0%, 60/87 cases; P = 0.001). VAS pain score, DAS28, VAS for GH score were significantly improved in the two groups at week 4 of treatment and after treatment, as compared with before treatment (P < 0.01). ESR and hs-CRP levels significantly decreased in the treatment group after treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). No difference was found in post-treatment VAS pain score, DAS28, VAS for GH score, ESR, or hs-CRP between the two groups (P > 0.05). Eight adverse events occurred in the treatment group (5 skin allergy, 1 intolerance of medical odor, and 2 mild liver injury), while 3 adverse events occurred in the placebo control group (2 skin allergy, 1 mild liver injury). There was no statistical difference in adverse event between the two groups (P > 0.05). No

Casual hook up sex during the first year of college: Prospective associations with attitudes about sex and love relationships.

PubMed

Katz, Jennifer; Schneider, Monica E

2013-11-01

This study examined bidirectional relationships among emerging adults' involvement in casual hook up sex and attitudes about sex and love relationships. At the start and end of their first year in college, undergraduates (N = 163) responded to measures of sexual behavior, sexual attitudes, and attitudes about love relationships. In cross-sectional analyses, attitudes about sex and love both were associated with involvement in casual hook up sex. In prospective analyses, initial attitudes about sexual instrumentality uniquely predicted involvement in later hook up sex, even after controlling for past hook up sex. Furthermore, involvement in hook up sex during the first year of college predicted greater sexual permissiveness and comfort with casual genital contact, even after controlling for initial sexual attitudes and hook up behaviors. None of the associations between attitudes and behavior were qualified by gender. Experiences of causal hook up sex appear to have implications primarily for emerging adults' attitudes about sexual interactions rather than their attitudes about love relationships.

75 FR 80720 - Magnuson-Stevens Act Provisions; Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Northeast...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-23

... (GB) when fishing under a groundfish/monkfish DAS; (6) limits on the number of hooks that may be... groundfish/monkfish DAS; (7) limits on the number of hooks that may be fished; and (8) DAS Leasing Program.... 7. Limitation on the Number of Hooks That May Be Fished The GB Cod Fixed Gear Sector was granted an...

Acanthocephalus amini n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from the freshwater fish Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther) (Cichlidae) in Mexico.

PubMed

Salgado-Maldonado, Guillermo; Novelo-Turcotte, María Teresa

2009-07-01

Acanthocephalus amini n. sp. (Palaeacanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) is described from the intestine of Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther) (Pisces: Cichlidae) collected in the Río Champotón, a river in Campeche State, Mexico. It is the fourth species of Acanthocephalus Koelreuther, 1771 described from North American freshwater fishes, although two other species are known from South America. The new species is distinguished from other members of Acanthocephalus by features of its trunk, which is small, clavate, slightly expanded medially and bluntly pointed posteriorly. It is further distinguished by having a cylindrical proboscis armed with 13-14 longitudinal rows of 11-12 stout hooks; the apical and medial proboscis hooks are almost uniform in size and shape, decreasing in size towards the base; the posteriormost hooks are smaller, straighter and more slender than the anterior and middle hooks; and the lateral rows of hooks are more widely spaced, forming a conspicuous longitudinal area devoid of hooks. Furthermore, the lemnisci are saccate and shorter than the proboscis receptacle; and the neck is very short with a thick collar of trunk tegument, which encircles the base of proboscis. In males, the testes are in the middle third of trunk, diagonal, spherical and small relative to the body size, and there are six clavate cement glands. In females, the uterus forms a conspicuous, elongate, cylindrical egg reservoir. The new species is most similar to A. alabamensis Amin & Williams, 1983, but can be distinguished by its swollen, clavate trunk, the largest proboscis hooks being present apically and medially, smaller testes, a shorter male reproductive system relative to body size and females with a prominent uterus. They have different hosts and geographical distribution. The new species can be differentiated from Brasacanthus sphoeroides Thatcher, 2001, a similar species in a monotypic echinorhynchid genus, because the latter is larger, has smaller proboscis hooks

Fatal head injury: a sequelae to electric shock - a case report.

PubMed

Jayanth, S H; Hugar, Basappa S; Chandra, Y P Girish; Krishnan, A Gokula

2015-03-01

Deaths due to electric shock are increasing despite stringent laws and preventive measures. These shocks are a leading cause of death amongst construction workers. In about 20% of the cases, no visible injury due to electricity can be seen. In some cases, non-electrical injuries are present and at times there are no eyewitnesses to provide a detailed account of events. In such circumstances, examination of scene of death, autopsy and accident reconstruction with the help of an electrical expert are all necessary to determine the cause of death. Here, we report one such case where a mason working on the second floor of a building under construction sustained an electrical injury, following which he was thrown to the ground sustaining a fatal traumatic injury. After careful consideration, his death was attributed to the head injury. © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

Morphological and histochemical demonstration of hooks in the rostellar region of Cysticercus bovis.

PubMed

Zdárská, Z

1976-01-01

Hooklets and early developmental stages of hooks were discovered in the tegument among the microtriches in the rostellar region of 83- and 108-day-old Cysticercus bovis. The cortical layer of hooks consists of proteins with tyrosine and SS groups. The rostellar sac and bulb are distinctly developed in the parenchyma of the rostellar region.

Superhero‐related injuries in paediatrics: a case series

PubMed Central

Davies, Patrick; Surridge, Julia; Hole, Laura; Munro‐Davies, Lisa

2007-01-01

Five cases of serious injuries to children wearing superhero costumes, involving extreme risk‐taking behaviour, are presented here. Although children have always displayed behaviour seemingly unwise to the adult eye, the advent of superhero role models can give unrealistic expectations to the child, which may lead to serious injury. The children we saw have all had to contemplate on their way to hospital that they do not in fact possess superpowers. The inbuilt injury protection which some costumes possess is also discussed. PMID:17337680

Working Conditions, Occupational Injuries, and Health Among Filipino Fish Processing Workers in Dutch Harbor, Alaska

PubMed Central

Garcia, Gabriel Macasiray; de Castro, Butch

2017-01-01

This study explored how unique environmental conditions in Alaska influenced occupational health and safety for Filipino fish processing workers, many of whom migrated from warm locations (e.g., the Philippines, California, and Nevada). In-depth interviews were conducted with 26 Filipino workers in one commercial fish processing company in Dutch Harbor. Results indicated that cold weather interferes with workers’ job performance, increasing their risk for injury and illness, whereas the community’s isolation and rural nature causes loneliness and boredom, resulting in more high-risk behaviors. Other non-environmental factors affecting worker health include roommate and supervisor concerns and culture-specific practices. Findings suggest the importance of job rotation to avoid long exposures to cold temperatures, the value of a designated individual to inform workers about company and community resources that promote healthy lifestyles, and the possible utility of a joint worker–management safety committee. PMID:27729501

Working Conditions, Occupational Injuries, and Health Among Filipino Fish Processing Workers in Dutch Harbor, Alaska.

PubMed

Garcia, Gabriel Macasiray; de Castro, Butch

2017-05-01

This study explored how unique environmental conditions in Alaska influenced occupational health and safety for Filipino fish processing workers, many of whom migrated from warm locations (e.g., the Philippines, California, and Nevada). In-depth interviews were conducted with 26 Filipino workers in one commercial fish processing company in Dutch Harbor. Results indicated that cold weather interferes with workers' job performance, increasing their risk for injury and illness, whereas the community's isolation and rural nature causes loneliness and boredom, resulting in more high-risk behaviors. Other non-environmental factors affecting worker health include roommate and supervisor concerns and culture-specific practices. Findings suggest the importance of job rotation to avoid long exposures to cold temperatures, the value of a designated individual to inform workers about company and community resources that promote healthy lifestyles, and the possible utility of a joint worker-management safety committee.

On the reliability of hook echoes as tornado indicators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Forbes, G. S.

1981-01-01

A study of radar echoes associated with the tornadoes of the 3 April 1974 outbreak was performed to evaluate the usefulness of echo shape as an indicator of tornadic thunderstorms. The hook shape was usually successful in characterizing an echo as tornadic, with a false alarm rate of 16%. Because hook echoes were relatively rare, however, a less restrictive shape called distinctive was more successful at detecting tornadic thunderstorms, identifying 65% of the tornadic echoes. An echo had a distinctive shape if it possessed a marked appendage on its right rear flank or was in the shape of a spiral, comma or line echo wave pattern (LEWP). Characteristics of the distinctive echo are given.

Grayia spinosa (Hook.) Moq.: spiny hopsage

Treesearch

Nancy L. Shaw; Marshall R. Haferkamp; Emerenciana G. Hurd

2008-01-01

The genus Grayia Hook. & Arn., named for the American botanist Asa Gray, contains a single species - spiny hopsage (table 1). Plants are erect to rounded, summer-deciduous shrubs 0.3 to 1.2 (1.5) m tall. Branches are divergent and thorn-tipped, with whitish gray to brownish bark that exfoliates in long strips. Leaves are gray-green, alternate, entire, and fleshy,...

Ultrastructure and chemical composition of the proboscis hooks of Acanthocephalus lucii (Müller, 1776) (Acanthocephala: Palaeacanthocephala) using X-ray elemental analysis.

PubMed

Brázová, Tímea; Poddubnaya, Larisa G; Miss, Noemí Ramírez; Hanzelová, Vladimíra

2014-12-01

The ultrastructure and chemical composition of the proboscis hooks and surrounding tegument of Acanthocephalus lucii (Müller, 1776), a parasite of European perch, Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, were examined using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis (EDXA). The blade of middle hooks consists of three layers: an outer homogeneous layer, an inner heterogeneous layer and a central core. TEM observation revealed the presence of hollow tubes, which spaced the central core; fibrous inner hook layer surrounded by an electron-dense margin and the basal tegumental layer filled with electron-dense bodies and outer layer. We found for the first time that the so-called 'epidermal covering' surrounding of the exposed hook blade (outer hook layer) is a modified striped portion of the tegumental layer and there are no special contact sites between these two morphologically different structures, i.e. striped layer of the syncytial tegument and following proper outer hook layer, which is a homogeneous, moderately electron-dense layer of -0.3 μm in thickness. The hook root is embedded into subtegumental fibrous layer. X-ray microanalysis of both the surface and internal parts of A. lucii hooks demonstrated the presence of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and sulphur. The highest concentration of sulphur was recorded at the tip of hooks, whereas the middle part of the hooks was most rich in calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. The proximal part of the hooks contained lower concentrations of sulphur, calcium and phosphorus. In the proboscis tegument, only two elements, calcium and silicon, were found. The differences observed in the chemical composition of the hook 'epidermal covering' and the proboscis tegument support our ultrastructural findings that the hook tegumental covering is a modified structure compared with that of the general proboscis tegument.

32 CFR 750.48 - Measure of damages in injury or death cases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Measure of damages in injury or death cases. 750... GENERAL CLAIMS REGULATIONS Military Claims Act § 750.48 Measure of damages in injury or death cases. (a... possessions, determine the measure of damages under the law of the location where the injury arises. (b) Where...

32 CFR 750.48 - Measure of damages in injury or death cases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Measure of damages in injury or death cases. 750... GENERAL CLAIMS REGULATIONS Military Claims Act § 750.48 Measure of damages in injury or death cases. (a... possessions, determine the measure of damages under the law of the location where the injury arises. (b) Where...

32 CFR 750.48 - Measure of damages in injury or death cases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Measure of damages in injury or death cases. 750... GENERAL CLAIMS REGULATIONS Military Claims Act § 750.48 Measure of damages in injury or death cases. (a... possessions, determine the measure of damages under the law of the location where the injury arises. (b) Where...

32 CFR 750.48 - Measure of damages in injury or death cases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Measure of damages in injury or death cases. 750... GENERAL CLAIMS REGULATIONS Military Claims Act § 750.48 Measure of damages in injury or death cases. (a... possessions, determine the measure of damages under the law of the location where the injury arises. (b) Where...

32 CFR 750.48 - Measure of damages in injury or death cases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Measure of damages in injury or death cases. 750... GENERAL CLAIMS REGULATIONS Military Claims Act § 750.48 Measure of damages in injury or death cases. (a... possessions, determine the measure of damages under the law of the location where the injury arises. (b) Where...

Nurse's Breakout Session Injury/Illness Case Management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hesselgesser, Connie

2001-01-01

An overview of the work related injury and illness case management model developed at the Johnson Space Center was presented. The major accomplishments and the challenges of implementation were discussed.

Injury due to leg bands in willow flycatchers

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sedgwick, J.A.; Klus, R.J.

1997-01-01

We report an apparently unusually high incidence of leg injury in Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii) as a result of banding and color banding. Color bands and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) bands applied to Willow Flycatchers from 1988-1995 resulted in an overall leg injury rate of 9.6% to birds returning to our study areas in subsequent years. Most injuries occurred on legs with only color band(s) (58.3%) or on legs with both a USFWS band and a color band (35%); only 6.7% of injuries (4/60) were due to USFWS bands alone, yielding an overall USFWS band injury rate of only 0.6%. Injuries ranged from severe (swollen, bleeding legs; a missing foot) to relatively minor (irritations on the tarsus). Amputation of the foot occurred in 33.9% of the cases. Return rates of adult injured birds in the year(s) following injury were significantly lower than for the population at large.

Cause and Prevention of Playground Injuries and Litigation; Case Studies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frost, Joe L.; Sweeney, Theodora B.

This study examined 187 playground injuries and 13 fatalities that resulted in lawsuits between 1981 and 1995, taken from the files of two expert witnesses on playground safety who testified in the cases. The data are presented by geographic location, nature of injuries, cause of injuries/fatalities, playground equipment implicated, location of…

49 CFR 393.134 - What are the rules for securing roll-on/roll-off or hook lift containers?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... or hook lift containers? 393.134 Section 393.134 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to... for securing roll-on/roll-off or hook lift containers? (a) Applicability. The rules in this section apply to the transportation of roll-on/roll-off or hook lift containers. (b) Securement of a roll-on...

49 CFR 393.134 - What are the rules for securing roll-on/roll-off or hook lift containers?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... or hook lift containers? 393.134 Section 393.134 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to... for securing roll-on/roll-off or hook lift containers? (a) Applicability. The rules in this section apply to the transportation of roll-on/roll-off or hook lift containers. (b) Securement of a roll-on...

Biomechanical Analysis of Implanted Clavicle Hook Plates With Different Implant Depths and Materials in the Acromioclavicular Joint: A Finite Element Analysis Study.

PubMed

Lee, Cheng-Hung; Shih, Cheng-Min; Huang, Kui-Chou; Chen, Kun-Hui; Hung, Li-Kun; Su, Kuo-Chih

2016-11-01

Clinical implantation of clavicle hook plates is often used as a treatment for acromioclavicular joint dislocation. However, it is not uncommon to find patients that have developed acromion osteolysis or had peri-implant fracture after hook plate fixation. With the aim of preventing complications or fixation failure caused by implantation of inappropriate clavicle hook plates, the present study investigated the biomechanics of clavicle hook plates made of different materials and with different hook depths in treating acromioclavicular joint dislocation, using finite element analysis (FEA). This study established four parts using computer models: the clavicle, acromion, clavicle hook plate, and screws, and these established models were used for FEA. Moreover, implantations of clavicle hook plates made of different materials (stainless steel and titanium alloy) and with different depths (12, 15, and 18 mm) in patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation were simulated in the biomechanical analysis. The results indicate that deeper implantation of the clavicle hook plate reduces stress on the clavicle, and also reduces the force applied to the acromion by the clavicle hook plate. Even though a clavicle hook plate made of titanium alloy (a material with a lower Young's modulus) reduces the force applied to the acromion by the clavicle hook plate, slightly higher stress on the clavicle may occur. The results obtained in this study provide a better reference for orthopedic surgeons in choosing different clavicle hook plates for surgery. Copyright © 2016 International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Injury profiles related to mortality in patients with a low Injury Severity Score: a case-mix issue?

PubMed

Joosse, Pieter; Schep, Niels W L; Goslings, J Carel

2012-07-01

Outcome prediction models are widely used to evaluate trauma care. External benchmarking provides individual institutions with a tool to compare survival with a reference dataset. However, these models do have limitations. In this study, the hypothesis was tested whether specific injuries are associated with increased mortality and whether differences in case-mix of these injuries influence outcome comparison. A retrospective study was conducted in a Dutch trauma region. Injury profiles, based on injuries most frequently endured by unexpected death, were determined. The association between these injury profiles and mortality was studied in patients with a low Injury Severity Score by logistic regression. The standardized survival of our population (Ws statistic) was compared with North-American and British reference databases, with and without patients suffering from previously defined injury profiles. In total, 14,811 patients were included. Hip fractures, minor pelvic fractures, femur fractures, and minor thoracic injuries were significantly associated with mortality corrected for age, sex, and physiologic derangement in patients with a low injury severity. Odds ratios ranged from 2.42 to 2.92. The Ws statistic for comparison with North-American databases significantly improved after exclusion of patients with these injuries. The Ws statistic for comparison with a British reference database remained unchanged. Hip fractures, minor pelvic fractures, femur fractures, and minor thoracic wall injuries are associated with increased mortality. Comparative outcome analysis of a population with a reference database that differs in case-mix with respect to these injuries should be interpreted cautiously. Prognostic study, level II.

Physiological response of largemouth bass to angling stress

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gustaveson, A. Wayne; Wydoski, Richard S.; Wedemeyer, Gary A.

1991-01-01

The physiological effects of catch-and-release fishing on largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides from Lake Powell and Mantua Reservoir, Utah, were evaluated, and an estimate of the time needed for recovery from hooking stress was obtained. Fatigue in Lake Powell fish, as indicated by elevated blood lactate, was directly proportional to hooking time (1–5 min) and water temperature, but recovery from the hyperlacticemia was relatively rapid (about 24 h). Hyperglycemia, an indicator of stress hormone production, did not occur in largemouth bass hooked and played for 1–5 min in the coldest water (11–13°C), was moderate in fish hooked and played at l6–20°C, and was severe in fish played for 5 min at 28–30°C. Fish held for recovery in live cages suffered further hyperglycemia, presumably because of the stress of confinement. Ionoregulation, as indicated by relatively stable plasma chloride values, was not immediately affected in largemouth bass caught at water temperatures of 11–13°C or 28–30°C, but an unusual hyperchloremia developed in fish hooked and played at 16–20°C. During recovery, the expected progressive hypochloremia developed. Plasma osmolality was somewhat affected by hooking at all water temperatures tested, but recovery was almost complete within about 8 h. Mantua Reservoir fish were hooked and played only at water temperatures of 23–26°C. The hyperlacticemia and hyperglycemia that occurred were generally more severe than in the Lake Powell fish hooked and played at either 16–20°C or 28–30°C. However, effects on plasma chloride and osmolality were similar to those occurring in Lake Powell fish.

Pattern and profile of electric burn injury cases at a Burn centre.

PubMed

Cheema, Saeed Ashraf

2016-01-01

Electrical burns are quite different from thermal and chemical burns. This study is from a centre which deals with job related electric burn injuries alone and thus can give a pure account of the electric burns and discuss the related peculiarities. Study aims to highlight the differences in the mechanism of electric burn injury, its mode of presentation, morbidity, complications and thus the treatment strategies as compared to rest of the burn injuries. This is a descriptive case series study of first consecutive 61 electric burn victims treated at a Burn Unit and Plastic Surgery centre. Cases were admitted and resuscitated at the emergency, and further treated at burn unit. Thorough history, examination findings and operative procedures were recorded. Patients were photographed for record as well. Emergency operative procedures, wound management, soft tissue coverage procedures and complications during the hospital stay were recorded and studied. Twenty cases (33%) were in the fifth decade of life. High voltage electric burn injury was seen in 42 (69%) of the cases. Whereas only 9 cases were treated conservatively, other 52 cases had 24 fasciotomies and 71 debridements. Series witnessed 10 expiries, and 22 amputations and all these were result of high voltage electric burns. Twenty eight soft tissue coverage procedures were carried out. Electric burn injuries are altogether different from rest of the burn injuries and must be treated accordingly. These injuries are peculiar for ongoing damage, extensive trauma, complications and prolonged morbidity. Treatment requires a high degree of suspicion, more aggressive management to unfold and minimize the deep seated insult.

[Comparison between two different Disability Weights calculations: the case of occupational injuries].

PubMed

Levi, Miriam; Ariani, Filippo; Baldasseroni, Alberto

2011-01-01

To introduce the concept of DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years), in order to calculate the burden of occupational injuries and to compare the disability weights methodology applied by the National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL) to occupational injuries, with respect to the methodology adopted by the World Health Organization in the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD), in order to facilitate, on a regional-national basis, the future application of estimates of Burden of Disease due to this phenomenon, based on data available from the NHS. In the first part of the present study, a comparison between the theoretical GBD methodology, based on Disability Weights, and the INAIL methodology based on Gradi di inabilità (Degree of Disability) (GI) described in the table of impairments is made, using data on occupational injuries occurred in Tuscany from 2001 to 2008. Given the different criteria adopted by WHO and INAIL for the classification of injuries sequelae, in the second part, two equations described in the literature have been applied in order to correct systematic biases. In the INAIL dataset, all types of injuries, though often small in scale, have cases with permanent consequences, some of them serious.This contrasts with the assumptions of the WHO, that, apart from the cases of amputation, reduces the possibility of lifelong disabilities to a few very serious categories. In the case of femur and skull fractures, the proportion of lifelong cases is considered by WHO similar to the proportion that in the INAIL dataset is achieved after narrowing the threshold of permanent damage to cases with GI ≥ 33. In the case of amputations and spinal cord injuries, for which the WHO assumes a priori that all cases have lifelong consequences, on the contrary, the greater similarity between the assumptions and the empirically observable reality is obtained after extending the threshold of permanent damage to all cases with even minimal sequelae

The remarkable vision of Robert Hooke (1635-1703): first observer of the microbial world.

PubMed

Gest, Howard

2005-01-01

Robert Hooke played important roles in the early development of the Royal Society of London. As Curator of Experiments of the Society, he became a pioneering microscopist, prolific inventor, astronomer, geologist, architect, and an effective surveyor of the City of London following the Great Fire of 1666. Hooke's Micrographia (1665) revealed the microscopic structures of numerous biological and inorganic objects and became an important source of information for later studies. Aside from the body of detailed observations reported and depicted in Micrographia, the Preface is in itself an extraordinary document that exhibits Hooke's fertile mind, philosophical insights, and rare ability to look into the future.

[Neodymium magnet injury causing nasal fracture: a case report].

PubMed

Aykan, Andaç; Güzey, Serbülent; Avşar, Sedat; Öztürk, Serdar

2015-05-01

In parallel with technological developments, small size but strong magnets are commonly used in modern devices. In terms of foreign body injuries, magnet injuries are quite rare. However, due to their unique characteristics, there are some difficulties in their management. The magnetic field generated by the magnet affects the surgical instruments and make treatment difficult. In this case report, a nasal injury due to neodymium magnet and our alternative approach for its management was reported.

Kidney toxicity related to herbs and dietary supplements: Online table of case reports. Part 3 of 5 series.

PubMed

Brown, Amy Christine

2017-09-01

No tabular summary of potentially life-threatening, kidney-toxic dietary supplements (DS; includes herbs) based on PubMed case reports is currently available online and continually updated to forewarn United States consumers, clinicians, and companies manufacturing DS. The purpose of this review was to create an online research summary table of kidney toxicity case reports related to DS. Documented PubMed case reports (1966 to May 2016, and cross-referencing) of DS appearing to contribute to kidney toxicity were listed in "DS Toxic Tables." Keywords included "herb" or "dietary supplement" combined with "kidney" to generate an overview list, and possibly "toxicity" to narrow the selection. Case reports were excluded if they involved herb combinations (some exceptions), Chinese herb mixtures, teas of mixed herb contents, mushrooms, poisonous plants, self-harm, excessive doses (except vitamins/minerals), legal or illegal drugs, drug-herbal interactions, and confounders of drugs or diseases. Since commercial DS often include a combination of ingredients, they were treated separately; so were foods. A few foods with kidney-toxic effects were listed in a fourth table. The spectrum of herbal or DS-induced kidney injuries included kidney stones, nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, necrosis, acute kidney injury (AKI; previously known as acute renal failure [ARF]), chronic kidney disease, kidney transplant, and death. Approximately 7 herbs (minus 4 no longer for sale) and 10 dietary supplements (minus 3 excluded due to excessive doses + germanium that is no longer sold) have been related to kidney injury case reports published in PubMed (+crosslisting) in the last 50 + years (1966 to May 2016). The implicated herbs include Chinese yew (Taxus celbica) extract, impila (Callilepis laureola), morning cypress (Cupressus funebris Endl), St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), thundergod vine (Tripterygium wilfordii hook F), tribulus (Tribulus terrestris) and wormwood (Artemisia

AN INVESTIGATION OF POISONOUS AND VENOMOUS FISHES AT PALMYRA ISLAND, LINE ISLANDS, DURING 13 APRIL TO 2 MAY 1953

DTIC Science & Technology

puffers were edible . Collections were made in April during the reproduction period when toxicity was at a maximum. Hook and line, spear, dynamite, and...flavimarginatus; the sea bass Variola louti; the pomacentrids Abudefduf spp. and lethrinids. Underwater movies were taken for food chain studies. A shipment of reef fishes of Fanning Island was also procured.

Mixed hydroblast and missile injury with abdominal eventeration: case report

PubMed Central

Marks, Wojciech; Białko, Marek; Stasiak, Mariusz; Deja, Włodzimierz; Penkowski, Michał; Golabek-Dropiewska, Katarzyna; Lasek, Jerzy

2009-01-01

Gunshot injuries are quite common nowadays. Increasing numbers of high-pressure injection injuries are also being observed with a good correlation with industrial progress. High-pressure devices produce pressures and velocities of fluid streams similar to those generated in firearms. However, no missile plays a part in high-pressure injection injuries. We present the unusual case of mixed missile and hydroblast injury, which has not yet been reported. Physical characteristics, typical patterns of injury and the possibility of infectious complications are shown. The importance of educating workers about safety precautions is emphasised. PMID:21686888

Mixed hydroblast and missile injury with abdominal eventeration: case report.

PubMed

Marks, Wojciech; Białko, Marek; Stasiak, Mariusz; Deja, Włodzimierz; Penkowski, Michał; Golabek-Dropiewska, Katarzyna; Lasek, Jerzy

2009-01-01

Gunshot injuries are quite common nowadays. Increasing numbers of high-pressure injection injuries are also being observed with a good correlation with industrial progress. High-pressure devices produce pressures and velocities of fluid streams similar to those generated in firearms. However, no missile plays a part in high-pressure injection injuries. We present the unusual case of mixed missile and hydroblast injury, which has not yet been reported. Physical characteristics, typical patterns of injury and the possibility of infectious complications are shown. The importance of educating workers about safety precautions is emphasised.

Boxing and mixed martial arts: preliminary traumatic neuromechanical injury risk analyses from laboratory impact dosage data.

PubMed

Bartsch, Adam J; Benzel, Edward C; Miele, Vincent J; Morr, Douglas R; Prakash, Vikas

2012-05-01

In spite of ample literature pointing to rotational and combined impact dosage being key contributors to head and neck injury, boxing and mixed martial arts (MMA) padding is still designed to primarily reduce cranium linear acceleration. The objects of this study were to quantify preliminary linear and rotational head impact dosage for selected boxing and MMA padding in response to hook punches; compute theoretical skull, brain, and neck injury risk metrics; and statistically compare the protective effect of various glove and head padding conditions. An instrumented Hybrid III 50th percentile anthropomorphic test device (ATD) was struck in 54 pendulum impacts replicating hook punches at low (27-29 J) and high (54-58 J) energy. Five padding combinations were examined: unpadded (control), MMA glove-unpadded head, boxing glove-unpadded head, unpadded pendulum-boxing headgear, and boxing glove-boxing headgear. A total of 17 injury risk parameters were measured or calculated. All padding conditions reduced linear impact dosage. Other parameters significantly decreased, significantly increased, or were unaffected depending on padding condition. Of real-world conditions (MMA glove-bare head, boxing glove-bare head, and boxing glove-headgear), the boxing glove-headgear condition showed the most meaningful reduction in most of the parameters. In equivalent impacts, the MMA glove-bare head condition induced higher rotational dosage than the boxing glove-bare head condition. Finite element analysis indicated a risk of brain strain injury in spite of significant reduction of linear impact dosage. In the replicated hook punch impacts, all padding conditions reduced linear but not rotational impact dosage. Head and neck dosage theoretically accumulates fastest in MMA and boxing bouts without use of protective headgear. The boxing glove-headgear condition provided the best overall reduction in impact dosage. More work is needed to develop improved protective padding to minimize

78 FR 23864 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher/Processors Using Hook...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-23

... Catcher/Processors Using Hook-and-line Gear in the Western Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska AGENCY.../processors (C/Ps) using hook-and-line gear in the Western Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). This... catch apportioned to C/Ps using hook-and-line gear in the Western Regulatory Area of the GOA. DATES...

77 FR 11776 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher/Processors Using Hook...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-28

.../Processors Using Hook-and-Line Gear in the Central Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska AGENCY: National... (C/Ps) using hook-and-line gear in the Central Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). This... catch apportioned to C/Ps using hook-and-line gear in the Central Regulatory Area of the GOA. DATES...

Unusual Case of Gunshot Injury to the Face

PubMed Central

Guruprasad, Yadavalli; Giraddi, Girish

2011-01-01

An unusual case of facial gunshot injury with the missile lodged in the cervical spine region, but without any neurological impairment, is reported. The extent of tissue damage and missile track termination in a male patient who sustained gunshot trauma to the face was assessed by plain radiography and by computed tomography scans. The patient was treated conservatively and observed for clinical manifestations of neurological deficit for one year. We present a case of gunshot injury to the face with the missile lodged in the cervical spine region and atypical absence of clinical manifestation that may occur even when a bullet remains in the vicinity of the cervical spine. PMID:21915384

Anharmonic Vibrations of an "Ideal" Hooke's Law Oscillator

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomchick, John; McKelvey, J. P.

1978-01-01

Presents a model describing the vibrations of a mass connected to fixed supports by "ideal" Hooke's law springs which may serve as a starting point in the study of the properties of irons in a crystal undergoing soft mode activated transition. (SL)

A double standard for "Hooking Up": How far have we come toward gender equality?

PubMed

Allison, Rachel; Risman, Barbara J

2013-09-01

While sexual attitudes have liberalized in the past half century, research is mixed as to whether attitudes have become less gendered over time. Recent studies on college students' sexual and romantic relationships suggest that a sexual double standard continues to organize sexuality on many campuses. Data from the Online College Social Life Survey shed light on students' evaluation of casual sex, or "hooking up." In addition to exploring gendered attitudinal patterns, we use gender structure theory to explore how individual characteristics and normative expectations of campus group affiliations shape attitudes. While three quarters of students do not hold different standards for men and women's hooking up, attitudes are more conservative than liberal, with almost half of students losing respect for men and women who hook up "a lot." However, men are more likely to hold a traditional double standard, while women are more likely to espouse egalitarian conservative attitudes. Individual characteristics, including age, religion, race, social class and sexual orientation are frequently related to sexual attitudes, as are number of hook ups, fraternity/sorority affiliation and varsity athletic participation. Published by Elsevier Inc.

The influence of pornography on sexual scripts and hooking up among emerging adults in college.

PubMed

Braithwaite, Scott R; Coulson, Gwen; Keddington, Krista; Fincham, Frank D

2015-01-01

The explosive growth in access to the Internet has led to a commensurate increase in the availability, anonymity, and affordability of pornography. An emerging body of research has shown associations between pornography and certain behaviors and attitudes; yet, how pornography actually influences these outcomes has not been documented. In two studies (Study 1 N = 969; Study 2 N = 992) we examined the hypothesis that pornography influences potentially risky sexual behavior (hooking up) among emerging adults via sexual scripts. Our results demonstrate that more frequent viewing of pornography is associated with a higher incidence of hooking up and a higher number of unique hook up partners. We replicated these effects both cross-sectionally and longitudinally while accounting for the stability of hook ups over the course of an academic semester. We also demonstrated that more frequent viewing of pornography is associated with having had more previous sexual partners of all types, more one occasion sexual partners ("one night stands"), and plans to have a higher number of sexual partners in the future. Finally, we provided evidence that more permissive sexual scripts mediated the association between more frequent pornography viewing and hooking up. We discuss these findings with an eye toward mitigating potential personal and public health risks among emerging adults.

Causes and methods to estimate cryptic sources of fishing mortality.

PubMed

Gilman, E; Suuronen, P; Hall, M; Kennelly, S

2013-10-01

Cryptic, not readily detectable, components of fishing mortality are not routinely accounted for in fisheries management because of a lack of adequate data, and for some components, a lack of accurate estimation methods. Cryptic fishing mortalities can cause adverse ecological effects, are a source of wastage, reduce the sustainability of fishery resources and, when unaccounted for, can cause errors in stock assessments and population models. Sources of cryptic fishing mortality are (1) pre-catch losses, where catch dies from the fishing operation but is not brought onboard when the gear is retrieved, (2) ghost-fishing mortality by fishing gear that was abandoned, lost or discarded, (3) post-release mortality of catch that is retrieved and then released alive but later dies as a result of stress and injury sustained from the fishing interaction, (4) collateral mortalities indirectly caused by various ecological effects of fishing and (5) losses due to synergistic effects of multiple interacting sources of stress and injury from fishing operations, or from cumulative stress and injury caused by repeated sub-lethal interactions with fishing operations. To fill a gap in international guidance on best practices, causes and methods for estimating each component of cryptic fishing mortality are described, and considerations for their effective application are identified. Research priorities to fill gaps in understanding the causes and estimating cryptic mortality are highlighted. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Fish Biology © 2013 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

Characterization of Fish Passage Conditions through a Francis Turbine, Spillway, and Regulating Outlet at Detroit Dam, Oregon, Using Sensor Fish, 2009

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Duncan, Joanne P.; Carlson, Thomas J.

2011-05-06

Fish passage conditions through two spillways, a Francis turbine, and a regulating outlet (RO) at Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River in Oregon were evaluated by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Portland District, using Sensor Fish devices. The objective of the study was to describe and compare passage exposure conditions, identifying potential fish injury regions within the routes. The study was performed in July, October, and December 2009 concurrent with HI-Z balloon-tag studies by Normandeau Associates, Inc. Sensor Fish data were analyzed to estimate 1) exposure conditions, particularly exposure to severe strike,more » collision, and shear events by passage route sub-regions; 2) differences in passage conditions between passage routes; and 3) relationships to live-fish injury and mortality data estimates. Comparison of the three passage routes evaluated at Detroit Dam indicates that the RO passage route through the 5-ft gate opening was relatively the safest route for fish passage under the operating conditions tested; turbine passage was the most deleterious. These observations were supported also by the survival and malady estimates obtained from live-fish testing. Injury rates were highest for turbine and spillway passage. However, none of the passage routes tested is safe for juvenile salmonid passage.« less

Jurassic onychites (hooks from squid-like cephalopods) associated with statolith occurrences in the Wessex Basin, southern England

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hart, Malcolm; Page, Kevin; Price, Gregory; Smart, Christopher; Wilby, Philip

2016-04-01

Modern coleoid (squid-like) cephalopods have arms that carry arrays of both suckers and hardened, organic hooks. Fossil arm hooks have been known since the description of Sternberg in 1823, although he identified them as plant remains. During the twentieth century there were a number of brief descriptions of hooks but it was Kulicki & Szaniawski (1972) who described 22 morphotypes from the Jurassic of Poland. These authors gave these 'forms' names using a binomial classification though, with many lacking defined (and figured) holotypes and, in some cases, only one recorded specimen, some of their designations should be regarded as invalid. Some of the morphotypes have, however, been reported from DSDP sites on the Falkland Plateau as well as New Zealand, Germany, Poland and the United Kingdom. It is clear that the hooks must belong to widely distributed members of the Belemnitida and Phragmoteuthida. Exceptional soft-bodied preservation of species such as Belemnotheutis antiquus from the Callovian-Oxfordian of the United Kingdom has allowed the identification of the host animal of some morphotypes, though the majority remain non-attributable. In the Christian Malford lagerstätte (Upper Callovian) of Wiltshire large numbers of hooks (including forms described as Acanthuncus, Arites, Deinuncus, Falcuncus, Longuncus and Paraglycerites) are found associated with an abundance of statoliths (cephalopod 'ear bones') and macrofossil evidence of both belemnites and teuthids, some of which includes exceptional soft-bodied preservation (see Wilby et al., 2004, 2008; Hart et al., in press). Using the abundance of material available to us from the Wessex Basin, we are attempting to identify, where possible, the host animals. If this can be established then it should be possible, using micropalaeontological samples, to determine the stratigraphical and palaeoecological ranges of some of the host macro-fossils, many of which are otherwise rarely preserved. HART, M.B., DE JONGHE

Automation Hooks Architecture for Flexible Test Orchestration - Concept Development and Validation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lansdowne, C. A.; Maclean, John R.; Winton, Chris; McCartney, Pat

2011-01-01

The Automation Hooks Architecture Trade Study for Flexible Test Orchestration sought a standardized data-driven alternative to conventional automated test programming interfaces. The study recommended composing the interface using multicast DNS (mDNS/SD) service discovery, Representational State Transfer (Restful) Web Services, and Automatic Test Markup Language (ATML). We describe additional efforts to rapidly mature the Automation Hooks Architecture candidate interface definition by validating it in a broad spectrum of applications. These activities have allowed us to further refine our concepts and provide observations directed toward objectives of economy, scalability, versatility, performance, severability, maintainability, scriptability and others.

Use of the S-hook for Pelvic Fixation in Rib-Based Treatment of Early-Onset Scoliosis: A Multicenter Study.

PubMed

Ramirez, Norman; Flynn, John M; Smith, John T; Vitale, Michael; Sturm, Peter F; DʼAmato, Charles; Samdani, Amer; Machiavelli, Raul; El-Hawary, Ron

2015-06-01

Retrospective review. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how several preoperative variables affect the outcome using the rib-to-pelvis S-hook constructs of a rib-based distraction implant (Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib). Rib-to-pelvis fixation with S-hooks is one of the options for distal anchoring of rib-based distraction growing rod construct to control early-onset spinal deformity. Since the initial report, the indications of pelvic fixation with S-hooks have been extended and modified. This is an institutional review board-approved retrospective study of patients who underwent rib-based growing rod system surgery-rib-to-pelvis construct with Dunn-McCarthy S-hook. Data evaluation included history, physical examination, preoperative and postoperative radiographs, surgical variables, and complications. Sixty-five patients were evaluated; 38 were male and 27 were female. Mean age at initial procedure was 71 months. The mean follow-up was 46 months. There was a statistically significant improvement of the immediate postoperative Cobb angle and the last follow-up Cobb angle (P < 0.0001). Fifty percent of the patients (32/65) had S-hook-related complications. The most common complication was sliding of the S-hook out of the iliac crest, followed by infection, neuropathic pain, distal migration of more than 2 cm, fracture of the hook, and bursitis. The complications were related to the preoperative ambulatory status, the use of end-to-end rod connectors, surgical time, and not positioning the hook over the central one-third of the iliac crest at the initial implantation. The use of the S-hook as a pelvic attachment of the rib-based system is indicated in nonambulatory patients with progressive, early-onset scoliosis curve with a lack of adequate anchor at the lumbar spine. Several technical factors should be considered to reduce the complication rate. 3.

Cranial injury caused by penetrating non-missile foreign body: an autopsy case.

PubMed

Eren, B; Türkmen, N; Toprak Ergönen, A; Gündogmus, U N

2012-10-01

Presented case was 32-year-old male marble worker, who underwent industrial accident at workplace. On gross physical examination; on forehead region round skin wound in 0.9 cm diameter was detected, radiological examination showed the image of metallic object. in the skull cavity. Brain dissection showed obvious brain injury, haemorrahge explaining the pattern of injury caused by the metallic bodys path, from left frontal lobe to the left cerebellar hemisphere was identified. We presented rare case of penetrating injury of the cranial region caused by non-missile foreign body. cranial injury - non-missile foreign body - autopsy.

Plantar-plate disruptions: "the severe turf-toe injury." three cases in contact athletes.

PubMed

Drakos, Mark C; Fiore, Russell; Murphy, Conor; DiGiovanni, Christopher W

2015-05-01

To present 3 cases of plantar-plate rupture and turf-toe injury in contact athletes at 1 university and to discuss appropriate diagnosis and treatment algorithms for each case. Turf toe is a common injury in athletes participating in outdoor cutting sports. However, it has been used as an umbrella term to describe many different injuries of the great toe. In some cases, the injury can be so severe that the plantar plate and sesamoid apparatus may be ruptured. These patients may be better managed with surgery than with traditional nonoperative interventions. Turf toe, plantar-plate disruption, sesamoid fracture. For stable injuries in which the plantar plate is not completely disrupted, nonoperative treatment with casting or a stiff-soled shoe, gradual weight bearing, and rehabilitation is the best practice. Unstable injuries require surgical intervention and plantar-plate repair. Turf toe and injury to the first metatarsophalangeal joint are relatively common injuries in athletes, but few researchers have detailed the operative and nonoperative treatments of plantar-plate disruption in these patients. We examine 3 cases that occurred over 4 seasons on a collegiate football team. Turf toe represents a wide array of pathologic conditions involving the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Stress and instability testing are key components to assess in determining whether surgical intervention is warranted to restore optimal function. Stiffer-soled shoes or shoes with steel-plate insertions may help to prevent these injuries and are useful tools for protection during the rehabilitation period.

Astronaut James Newman with latch hook for tether device

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

Astronaut James H. Newman, mission specialist, shows off a latch hook for a tether device used during the STS-51 extravehicular activity (EVA) on September 16, 1993. Newman, on Discovery's middeck, appears surrounded by sleep restraints.

Animal bite injuries to the face : A Case Report.

PubMed

Simao, Niverso Rodrigues; Borba, Alexandre Meireles; da Silva, Andre Luis Fernandes; Vieira, Evanice Menezes Marcal; Carvalhosa, Artur Aburad; Bandeca, Matheus Coelho; Borges, Alvaro Henrique

2013-08-01

Traumatic lacerations to the skin are problems frequently seen and treated by emergency centers around the world. Among all wounds, dog and cat bites are commonly seen. As in many mammals, different species of microorganisms are found in dog and cat mouths with a potential pathological effect to humans, as represented by rabies. The injuries have disfiguration effect with possible psychological repercussion to the patient. This article aimed presenting up to date considerations regarding the management of animal bite injuries to the face, exemplified by a case report that should be the interest of all professions that deal with facial tissues, as dentists do. How to cite this article: Simao NR, Borba AM, da Silva ALF, Vieira EMM, Carvalhosa AA, Bandeca MC, Borges AH. Animal bite injuries to the face: A Case Report. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(4):68-72.

Isolated gallbladder injury in a case of blunt abdominal trauma.

PubMed

Birn, Jeffrey; Jung, Melissa; Dearing, Mark

2012-04-01

The diagnosis of blunt injury to the gallbladder may constitute a significant challenge to the diagnostician. There is often a delay in presentation with non-specific clinical symptoms. In the absence of reliable clinical symptoms, diagnostic imaging becomes an invaluable tool in the rapid identification of gallbladder injury. We present a case of isolated gallbladder injury following blunt abdominal trauma which was diagnosed by computed tomography and subsequently confirmed by cholecystectomy.

Unique fatality due to claw injuries in a tiger attack: a case report.

PubMed

Pathak, Hrishikesh; Dixit, Pradeep; Dhawane, Shailendra; Meshram, Satin; Shrigiriwar, Manish; Dingre, Niraj

2014-11-01

This paper describes a unique case of a fatal tiger attack in the wild. In the present case, a tiger fatally mauled a 34-year-old female with its claws, instead of the usual mechanism of killing by the bite injury to the neck. The autopsy revealed multiple fatal and non-fatal injuries caused by the tiger claws. The characteristic injuries due to the tooth impacts were absent as the teeth of the offending tiger were either fallen or non-functional. To the best of our knowledge, probably this rare case would be the first reported human fatality due to the tiger claw injuries in the world. The purpose of the present article is to highlight the fatal injuries due to the tiger claws, as the claw-induced fatal injuries in a tiger attack are not reported in the medico-legal literature. Moreover, this report would be an illustrative one for differentiation between the fatal injuries due to the claws and tooth impacts in a tiger attack. Furthermore, the present report establishes the importance of the tiger claws as a source of fatal injuries in a tiger attack. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hand injury with a nail gun: a case report with literature review.

PubMed

Boya, Hakan; Uzun, Belkan

2015-01-01

The nail gun was introduced in the late 1950s to increase the ease of driving nails, studs, bolts, or staples into various hard surfaces. The nail gun is a potentially dangerous device that is still commonly used in the construction industry. Since its introduction, an increasing number of studies have reported injuries associated with nail guns. Nail gun-related injuries-such as to the head, neck, and chest-can be devastating, and in some cases, even fatal. Extremity injuries, notably in the hand, can cause loss of function, missed work, and long-term health effects. This case report describes a nail-gun injury of the hand along with a discussion of the unique features of and treatment strategies for nail gun injuries.

Pre-operative localization of solitary pulmonary nodules with computed tomography-guided hook wire: report of 181 patients.

PubMed

Hanauer, Matthieu; Perentes, Jean Yannis; Krueger, Thorsten; Ris, Hans-Beat; Bize, Pierre; Schmidt, Sabine; Gonzalez, Michel

2016-01-16

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is currently performed to diagnose and treat solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN). However, the intra-operative identification of deep nodules can be challenging with VATS as the lung is difficult to palpate. The aim of the study was to report the utility and the results of pre-operative computed tomography (CT)-guided hook wire localization of SPN. All records of the patients undergoing CT-guided hook wire localization prior to VATS resection for SPN between 2002 and 2013 were reviewed. The efficacy in localizing the nodule, hook wire complications, necessity to convert VATS to thoracotomy and the histology of SPN are reported. One hundred eighty-one patients (90 females, mean age 63 y, range 28-82 y) underwent 187 pulmonary resections after CT-guided hook wire localization. The mean SPN diameter was 10.3 mm (range: 4-29 mm). The mean distance of the lesion from the pleural surface was 11.6 mm (range: 0-45 mm). The mean time interval from hook wire insertion to VATS resection was 224 min (range 54-622 min). Hook wire complications included pneumothorax requiring chest tube drainage in 4 patients (2.1%) and mild parenchymal haemorrhage in 11 (5.9%) patients. Migration of the hook wire occurred in 7 patients (3.7%) although it did not affect the success of VATS resection (nodule location guided by the lung puncture site). Three patients underwent additional wedge resection by VATS during the same procedure because no lesion was identified in the surgical specimen. Conversion thoracotomy was required in 13 patients (7 %) for centrally localized lesions (6 patients) and pleural adhesions (7 patients). The mean operative time was 60 min (range 18-135 min). Pathological examination revealed a malignant lesion in 107 patients (59 %). The diagnostic yield was 98.3 %. VATS resection for SPN after CT-guided hook wire localization for SPN is safe and allows for proper diagnosis with a low thoracotomy conversion rate.

The epidemiology, evaluation, and management of stingray injuries.

PubMed

Diaz, James H

2007-01-01

A descriptive analysis and review of the world's salient scientific literature on stingray injuries was conducted in light of recent high-profile cases of fatal and near-fatal thoracic stingray injuries to guide clinicians in evaluating and managing stingray injuries. Data was extracted from observational and longitudinal studies over the period, 1950-2006, to permit (1) a stratification of stingray injuries as bites, penetrating lacerations with and without envenoming, and combinations of deeply penetrating and envenoming wounds; and (2) an assessment of new management strategies for thoracoabdominal penetrating trauma and non-healing, necrotic stingray wounds. Unlike their Chondrichthyes classmates, the sharks, stingrays are docile and non-aggressive; and will not attack with their spined tails, unless provoked. Although some occupations are predisposed to stingray injuries, most stingray injuries can be avoided by observing seafloors and adopting simple practices when wading, swimming, diving, or fishing in temperate oceans and some tropical freshwater river systems. All stingray injuries should be managed initially with wound irrigation to dislodge retained spine fragments and envenoming tissues and warm water immersion to inactivate heat-labile toxins.

Accidental fatal lung injury by compressed air: a case report.

PubMed

Rayamane, Anand Parashuram; Pradeepkumar, M V

2015-03-01

Compressed air is being used extensively as a source of energy at industries and in daily life. A variety of fatal injuries are caused by improper and ignorant use of compressed air equipments. Many types of injuries due to compressed air are reported in the literature such as colorectal injury, orbital injury, surgical emphysema, and so on. Most of these injuries are accidental in nature. It is documented that 40 pounds per square inch pressure causes fatal injuries to the ear, eyes, lungs, stomach, and intestine. Openings of body are vulnerable to injuries by compressed air. Death due to compressed air injuries is rarely reported. Many cases are treated successfully by conservative or surgical management. Extensive survey of literature revealed no reports of fatal injury to the upper respiratory tract and lungs caused by compressed air. Here, we are reporting a fatal event of accidental death after insertion of compressed air pipe into the mouth. The postmortem findings are corroborated with the history and discussed in detail.

AORTIC INJURY DUE TO PARAGLIDING: A CASE REPORT

PubMed Central

Omori, Kazuhiko; Jitsuiki, Kei; Majima, Takashi; Takeuchi, Ikuto; Yoshizaw, Toshihiko; Ishikawa, Kouhei; Ohsaka, Hiromichi; Tambara, Keiichi

2017-01-01

A 64-year-old male fell from an altitude of 10 m while paragliding after stalling due to the wind. The purpose of this case report is to describe the outcomes after multiple injuries sustained during a paragliding accident, including a potentially life-threating injury to the thoracic aorta. The subject sustained a bite wound on his tongue, injuries to his chest (left side) and back, and a right forearm deformity. Enhanced whole body computed tomography (CT) revealed fractures of the bilateral laminae of the second and third cervical bones, right first rib, the tenth thoracic vertebral body (compression type), second lumbar vertebral body (burst type) and the right radius, Other injuries included an injury to the thoracic aortic arch and the presence of intraabdominal fluid collection without perforation of the digestive tract. Endovascular treatment was selected for the aortic injury because of multiple injuries. Immediate management included hypotensive rate control therapy using calcium and a beta blocker. On the fourth hospital day, the subject underwent deployment of a stent-graft to the aorta and subsequent surgical immobilization for the lumbar burst fracture. He also underwent surgical immobilization of the radial fracture and was discharged on the 28th hospital day. First responders or physicians should consider the possibility of aortic injury when treating patients who suffer falls while paragliding and provide appropriate management. Failure to provide appropriate management of an aortic injury could result in death. Level of Evidence 4 PMID:28593092

Case series analysis of hindfoot injuries sustained by drivers in frontal motor vehicle crashes.

PubMed

Ye, Xin; Funk, James; Forbes, Aaron; Hurwitz, Shepard; Shaw, Greg; Crandall, Jeff; Freeth, Rob; Michetti, Chris; Rudd, Rodney; Scarboro, Mark

2015-09-01

Improvements to vehicle frontal crashworthiness have led to reductions in toe pan and instrument panel intrusions as well as leg, foot, and ankle loadings in standardized crash tests. Current field data, however, suggests the proportion of foot and ankle injuries sustained by drivers in frontal crashes has not decreased over the past two decades. To explain the inconsistency between crash tests results and real world lower limb injury prevalence, this study investigated the injury causation scenario for the specific hind-foot injury patterns observed in frontal vehicle crashes. Thirty-four cases with leg, foot, and ankle injuries were selected from the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) database. Talus fractures were present in 20 cases, representing the most frequent hind-foot skeletal injuries observed among the reviewed cases. While axial compression was the predominant loading mechanism causing 18 injuries, 11 injured ankles involved inversion or eversion motion, and 5 involved dorsiflexion as the injury mechanism. Injured ankles of drivers were more biased towards the right aspect with foot pedals contributing to injuries in 13 of the 34 cases. Combined, the results suggest that despite recent advancement of vehicle performance in crash tests, efforts to reduce axial forces sustained in lower extremity should be prioritized. The analysis of injury mechanisms in this study could aid in crash reconstructions and the development of safety systems for vehicles. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Delayed diagnosis of an isolated posterolateral corner injury: a case report

PubMed Central

Welsh, Patrick; DeGraauw, Christopher; Whitty, David

2016-01-01

Introduction: Isolated injuries to the posterolateral corner of the knee are a rare and commonly missed injury associated with athletic trauma, motor vehicle accidents, and falls. Delayed or missed diagnoses can negatively impact patient prognosis, contributing to residual instability, chronic pain, and failure of surgical repair to other ligaments. Case Presentation: A 44-year-old male CrossFit athlete presented with a history of two non-contact hyperextension injuries to his left knee while walking on ice. The only positive finding was the Dial Test at 30 degrees of knee flexion, indicative of an isolated posterolateral corner injury. After a delay in diagnosis, the patient underwent a reconstruction of the posterolateral corner and subsequent rehabilitation. Early recognition of this injury is important as this can affect the prognosis and activities of daily living of the patient. Summary: This case will discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, and management of an isolated posterolateral corner injury and highlight the importance of early recognition and referrals from primary contact healthcare practitioners. PMID:28065990

A case of ciguatera fish poisoning in a French traveler.

PubMed

Develoux, M; Le Loup, G; Pialoux, G

2008-11-06

Ciguatera is a toxic poisoning due to ingestion of fish and is rarely reported in France. Little is known about this imported tropical disease. We present a case observed in Paris in a traveller returning from the Dominican Republic.

Animal bite injuries to the face : A Case Report

PubMed Central

Simao, Niverso Rodrigues; Borba, Alexandre Meireles; da Silva, Andre Luis Fernandes; Vieira, Evanice Menezes Marcal; Carvalhosa, Artur Aburad; Bandeca, Matheus Coelho; Borges, Alvaro Henrique

2013-01-01

Traumatic lacerations to the skin are problems frequently seen and treated by emergency centers around the world. Among all wounds, dog and cat bites are commonly seen. As in many mammals, different species of microorganisms are found in dog and cat mouths with a potential pathological effect to humans, as represented by rabies. The injuries have disfiguration effect with possible psychological repercussion to the patient. This article aimed presenting up to date considerations regarding the management of animal bite injuries to the face, exemplified by a case report that should be the interest of all professions that deal with facial tissues, as dentists do. How to cite this article: Simao NR, Borba AM, da Silva ALF, Vieira EMM, Carvalhosa AA, Bandeca MC, Borges AH. Animal bite injuries to the face: A Case Report. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(4):68-72. PMID:24155623

Are we sinking Sandy Hook? Possible impacts of groundwater extraction to sea-level change

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, C. S.; Fan, Y.; Miller, K. G.; Browning, J. V.

2017-12-01

The tide gauge at Sandy Hook, NJ, a spit of sand extending 8 km into Raritan Bay of New York and New Jersey, recorded a 20th century rate of relative sea-level (RSL) rise of 4.0±0.5 mm/yr, significantly higher than the 1.4±0.2 mm/yr rate of global mean sea-level rise for the twentieth century. The Battery, NY tide gauge, located atop crystalline bedrock 26 km to the northwest, recorded a 20th century rate of RSL rise of 3.0±0.3 mm/yr and reflects the regional rate of RSL rise. After global and regional effects are removed from the rate of RSL rise at Sandy Hook, the remaining 0.9±0.5 mm/yr is due to local effects, autocompaction and groundwater extraction induced compaction, within the unconsolidated Cretaceous to recent sediments underlying Sandy Hook. Our previous work showed that 0.13 mm/yr (90% CI 0.01-0.34 mm/yr) is due to autocompaction of young (≤13,350 cal yrs BP), highly compressible, Quaternary sediments underlying Sandy Hook. The remaining 0.8 mm/yr (90% CI 0.3-1.2 mm/yr) is hypothesized to be due to regional and local groundwater extraction. Previous studies have shown that Sandy Hook is within the cone of depression for Monmouth County, NJ. Historical records indicate that pumping for Ft. Hancock, a military installation on Sandy Hook, depleted some shallow aquifers as early as 1905. Visual MODFLOW was used to model the northern portion of the New Jersey coastal plain. Well logs from the northern New Jersey coastal plain were compiled and interpreted to refine subsurface geometries and build the model grid. Well permits provided modern locations and rates of groundwater extraction. 1,794 observation wells were used to calibrate the model. We present model results simulating the change in regional and local groundwater flow and hydraulic pressures from pre-development ( 1880) to present. The pressure changes were then used to calculate the potential changes in thickness of each of the stratigraphic units underneath Sandy Hook between 1880 and

Severe Extravasation Injuries in Neonates: A Report of 34 Cases.

PubMed

Kostogloudis, Nikolaos; Demiri, Efterpi; Tsimponis, Antonios; Dionyssiou, Dimitrios; Ioannidis, Sotirios; Chatziioannidis, Ilias; Nikolaidis, Nikolaos

2015-01-01

Extravasation injuries are a common and challenging problem in hospitalized newborns. Accidental infusion leakage into the surrounding tissues in immature infants may frequently result in skin necrosis, with significant risk of functional and cosmetic impairment. In the present study we reviewed 34 cases of severe extravasation injuries occurring in 1,409 neonates hospitalized in a single neonatal unit over 24 months (incidence 2.4%). Total parenteral nutrition solutions were involved in most cases. All patients were treated within 30 minutes after the injury was recorded using a flush-out technique with normal saline irrigation and occlusive paraffin dressings of the infiltrated area. The majority of injuries affected preterm, low-birthweight infants (mean gestation 32 wks + 6 days, mean birth weight 1,885 g), with a mean age at the time of injury of 11.6 days and a mean weight of 2,045 g. Neither gestational age (p = 0.87) or birthweight significantly affected (p = 0.07) the incidence of extravasation injuries, although the incidence of skin necrosis had a significant correlation with gestational age (p = 0.009) and birthweight (p < 0.001). All patients responded well to treatment and their wounds healed uneventfully within a maximum of 25 days without the need for secondary surgery for skin coverage. Extravasation injuries in extremely preterm and low-birthweight infants are more likely to lead to skin necrosis. Peripheral venous catheterization should be performed with caution in these patients to prevent such injuries. Immediate irrigation with normal saline is recommended to reduce toxic sequelae in the infiltrated area. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Hook tool manufacture in New Caledonian crows: behavioural variation and the influence of raw materials.

PubMed

Klump, Barbara C; Sugasawa, Shoko; St Clair, James J H; Rutz, Christian

2015-11-18

New Caledonian crows use a range of foraging tools, and are the only non-human species known to craft hooks. Based on a small number of observations, their manufacture of hooked stick tools has previously been described as a complex, multi-stage process. Tool behaviour is shaped by genetic predispositions, individual and social learning, and/or ecological influences, but disentangling the relative contributions of these factors remains a major research challenge. The properties of raw materials are an obvious, but largely overlooked, source of variation in tool-manufacture behaviour. We conducted experiments with wild-caught New Caledonian crows, to assess variation in their hooked stick tool making, and to investigate how raw-material properties affect the manufacture process. In Experiment 1, we showed that New Caledonian crows' manufacture of hooked stick tools can be much more variable than previously thought (85 tools by 18 subjects), and can involve two newly-discovered behaviours: 'pulling' for detaching stems and bending of the tool shaft. Crows' tool manufactures varied significantly: in the number of different action types employed; in the time spent processing the hook and bending the tool shaft; and in the structure of processing sequences. In Experiment 2, we examined the interaction of crows with raw materials of different properties, using a novel paradigm that enabled us to determine subjects' rank-ordered preferences (42 tools by 7 subjects). Plant properties influenced: the order in which crows selected stems; whether a hooked tool was manufactured; the time required to release a basic tool; and, possibly, the release technique, the number of behavioural actions, and aspects of processing behaviour. Results from Experiment 2 suggested that at least part of the natural behavioural variation observed in Experiment 1 is due to the effect of raw-material properties. Our discovery of novel manufacture behaviours indicates a plausible scenario for the

[Study of three ciguatera fish poisoning cases in Xiamen city, in 2005].

PubMed

Luo, He-dong; Bai, Yan-yan; Zhou, Na

2011-06-01

To find out the reason of three ciguatera fish poisoning cases in Xiamen in 2005 and identify the fish species. The grouper implicated in food poisoning and seven other coral reef fishes collected from market were tested by mice bioassay and ciguatoxin-test kit. The mtDNA was extracted from toxic grouper meat, and Cty b gene segment was amplified and the PCR products were sequenced. The sequences were compared with those in the GenBank. The result turned out to be positive by the ciguatoxin-test kit, while the toxicity of the toxic grouper implicated in food poisoning was 0.11 mouse unit (MU)/g by mice bioassay. A 475 bp segments of Cty b gene was amplified by PCR and the sequence was 99% homologous with Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (GenBank: AY950695).No ciguatoxin in six grouper species collected from market was detected. All three food poisoning cases were caused by consumption of ciguatoxin-carrying groupers.

Effects of Impulsive Pile-Driving Exposure on Fishes.

PubMed

Casper, Brandon M; Carlson, Thomas J; Halvorsen, Michele B; Popper, Arthur N

2016-01-01

Six species of fishes were tested under aquatic far-field, plane-wave acoustic conditions to answer several key questions regarding the effects of exposure to impulsive pile driving. The issues addressed included which sound levels lead to the onset of barotrauma injuries, how these levels differ between fishes with different types of swim bladders, the recovery from barotrauma injuries, and the potential effects exposure might have on the auditory system. The results demonstrate that the current interim criteria for pile-driving sound exposures are 20 dB or more below the actual sound levels that result in the onset of physiological effects on fishes.

Carotid rupture following electrical injury: a report of two cases.

PubMed

Toy, Jonathan; Ball, Brandon J; Tredget, Edward E

2012-01-01

Electrical injuries often result in extensive tissue damage where vascular damage may occur and result in thrombosis and spontaneous rupture of blood vessels. Rupture of the brachial, radial, ulnar, internal mammary, and obturator arteries has been reported in the literature. The authors present two cases of carotid artery rupture following high-voltage electrical injuries. The first case is a 21-year-old man who was climbing a fence near a high-voltage power line when a gold chain he was wearing around his neck caught on the power line, resulting in a 10% circumferential electrical injury to his neck. He presented with visible arterial bleeding from the large neck wound and was taken to the operating room, where a 1-cm laceration to the carotid artery was repaired with a vein patch. On the second postoperative day, the patch dislodged, and a spontaneous rupture of the common carotid artery occurred. The damaged artery was subsequently ligated. The patient recovered with no neurological sequelae. The second case is a 43-year-old man who suffered a high-voltage injury while working on an electrical panel, resulting in a 50% TBSA full-thickness burn to the face, scalp, trunk, and extremities. Four weeks after admission, a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap was used for coverage of exposed outer table of the skull. Intraoperatively, the carotid artery spontaneously ruptured proximal to where the dissection was being carried out. The patient recovered with no neurological sequelae. High-voltage electrical injury results in significant damage to blood vessels via a number of mechanisms. Rupture of a major vessel is a rare, life-threatening sequelae of electrical injury.

[Reactive anxiety crisis: a unique case of work injury].

PubMed

Taino, G; Gazzoldi, T; Marandola, P; Valoti, E; Fabris, F; Imbriani, M

2007-01-01

The present study aims to describe a unique case in view of the disease diagnosed, the conditions of onset and the management by INAIL (Italian National Institute of Insurance for Injuries at Work and Occupational Diseases). A worker, after a verbal, animated dispute with some collegues, had an acute psychiatric agitation attack and went to the nearest emergency room, where he was investigated. No neuropsychiatric alteration was diagnosed, but based on anamnestic data, the physicians diagnosed an anxiety crisis reactive to work environment. A medical certificate for injury at work was produced and sent to the Insurance Board (INAIL). The worker was off work for 105 days diagnosed with a persistent anxious depressive syndrome, secondary to the traumatic event. INAIL reassessed the case later and confirmed only the first 30 days as due to work accident, while the following period was judged as related to affectivity disturbance due to common disease, not to work environment. Our case opens new perspective for the occupational physician in the assessment of ASD as work injury and of PTSD as professional disease, suggesting to give more attention to psychiatric health of workers.

Bony injuries in homicide cases (1994-2014). A retrospective study.

PubMed

Flieger, Alexander; Kölzer, Sarah C; Plenzig, Stefanie; Heinbuch, Sara; Kettner, Mattias; Ramsthaler, Frank; Verhoff, Marcel A

2016-09-01

Even when human skeletal remains are found in contexts indicative of body disposal after homicide, none of the bones may manifest injuries. When skeletons are incomplete, there are two possibilities, the injured bones are missing or none were injured. This leads to the question how frequently bones are injured during homicide, where the injuries tend to be placed, and whether the frequency of injury is related to the type of homicide. To answer these questions, the postmortem reports from all autopsies performed for homicide victims at the Institute of Legal Medicine at the University Hospital in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, between 1994 and 2014, were retrospectively evaluated for bony injuries discovered during autopsy. In 90 cases, a preliminary postmortem computed tomography (pmCT) examination had been performed. The cases were categorized into the following five groups by type of fatal trauma: blunt force, sharp force, gunshot injury, strangulation, or other. In total, the postmortem reports for 897 homicides (527 male, 370 female) were evaluated. The number of victims per trauma category were sharp force, 309; blunt force, 179; gunshot injury, 242; strangulation, 92; and other, 75. Bony injuries had been reported in 70.9 % of the homicides. The "gunshot" category contained the highest proportion of victims with bony injuries (92.6 %). With 80.4 %, the second-highest proportion of victims with bony injuries was in the "blunt force" category, followed by 66.3 % of victims in the "sharp force" group. In contrast, with 53.3 %, the second-lowest proportion of victims with bony injuries was in the "strangulation" category, which contained a preponderance of female victims, followed by 17.3 % of victims with bony injuries in the "other" category. Bony injuries thus occurred in the majority of homicides. Forensic osteological analysis should, therefore, always be performed on badly decomposed human remains. Where necessary, the additional use of visualization

Self-Inflicted Finger Injury in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: An Analysis of 5 Cases

PubMed Central

Frost, Frederick S; Mukkamala, Sridevi; Covington, Edward

2008-01-01

Objective: To describe the occurrence of finger autophagia in 5 persons with traumatic spinal cord injury and to present a discussion of putative causes and potential treatments. Background: Minor self-mutilating actions, such as nail biting and hair pulling, are common in humans and usually benign. In some circumstances, these behaviors are associated with obsessive-compulsive personality traits. In humans, self-injurious biting behaviors are well described in the setting of mental retardation and psychosis and in persons with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Rare cases of human autophagia in persons with intact cognition have been reported, most commonly in the setting of acquired nervous system lesions. After spinal cord injury, it has been suggested that this behavior constitutes a human variant of animal autotomy and a response to neuropathic pain. Design: Case presentation narrative. Main Outcome Measures: Photographic and radiological study, administration of Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). Findings: In 5 patients with complete tetraplegia, pain in the hands was present in only one instance. The severity of autoamputation varied from minor to extreme. In all cases, damage was confined to analgesic body parts. In 3 cases, autophagia behavior was discovered in progress. Treatments included pharmacotherapy, counseling, and behavioral therapy, with mixed results. All patients were intelligent, willing to discuss their issues, and able to identify conditions of stress and isolation in their lives. Mild preinjury obsessive-compulsive behaviors, such as nail biting, were universal. On the YBOCS, only 1 patient scored in a range indicative of mild obsessive-compulsive symptomatology. Conclusions: This group exhibited heterogeneous medical, social, and cultural characteristics. A link between pain and self-injurious behavior could not be demonstrated. This behavior may be viewed as an extreme variant of nail biting, with potential ominous complications. Treatment

Self-inflicted finger injury in individuals with spinal cord injury: an analysis of 5 cases.

PubMed

Frost, Frederick S; Mukkamala, Sridevi; Covington, Edward

2008-01-01

To describe the occurrence of finger autophagia in 5 persons with traumatic spinal cord injury and to present a discussion of putative causes and potential treatments. Minor self-mutilating actions, such as nail biting and hair pulling, are common in humans and usually benign. In some circumstances, these behaviors are associated with obsessive-compulsive personality traits. In humans, self-injurious biting behaviors are well described in the setting of mental retardation and psychosis and in persons with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Rare cases of human autophagia in persons with intact cognition have been reported, most commonly in the setting of acquired nervous system lesions. After spinal cord injury, it has been suggested that this behavior constitutes a human variant of animal autotomy and a response to neuropathic pain. Case presentation narrative. Photographic and radiological study, administration of Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). In 5 patients with complete tetraplegia, pain in the hands was present in only one instance. The severity of autoamputation varied from minor to extreme. In all cases, damage was confined to analgesic body parts. In 3 cases, autophagia behavior was discovered in progress. Treatments included pharmacotherapy, counseling, and behavioral therapy, with mixed results. All patients were intelligent, willing to discuss their issues, and able to identify conditions of stress and isolation in their lives. Mild preinjury obsessive-compulsive behaviors, such as nail biting, were universal. On the YBOCS, only 1 patient scored in a range indicative of mild obsessive-compulsive symptomatology. This group exhibited heterogeneous medical, social, and cultural characteristics. A link between pain and self-injurious behavior could not be demonstrated. This behavior may be viewed as an extreme variant of nail biting, with potential ominous complications. Treatment strategies have been employed with mixed results.

Comparison of the intrusion effects on the maxillary incisors between implant anchorage and J-hook headgear.

PubMed

Deguchi, Toru; Murakami, Takashi; Kuroda, Shingo; Yabuuchi, Toshinori; Kamioka, Hiroshi; Takano-Yamamoto, Teruko

2008-05-01

Recently, miniscrews have been used to provide anchorage during orthodontic treatment, especially for incisor intrusion. Miniscrews during incisor intrusion are commonly used in implant orthodontics. Traditionally, effective incisor intrusion has been accomplished with J-hook headgear. In this study, we compared the effect of incisor intrusion, force vector, and amount of root resorption between implant orthodontics and J-hook headgear. Lateral cephalometric radiographs from 8 patients in the implant group and 10 patients in the J-hook headgear group were analyzed for incisor retraction. The estimated force vector was analyzed in the horizontal and vertical directions in both groups. Root resorption was also measured on periapical radiographs. In the implant group, significant reductions in overjet, overbite, maxillary incisor to palatal plane, and maxillary incisor to upper lip were observed after intrusion of the incisors. In the J-hook headgear group, significant reductions in overjet, overbite, maxillary incisor to upper lip, and maxillary incisor to SN plane were observed after intrusion of the incisors. There were significantly greater reductions in overbite, maxillary incisor to palatal plane, and maxillary incisor to upper lip in the implant group than in the J-hook headgear group. Estimated force analysis resulted in significantly more force in the vertical direction and less in the horizontal direction in the implant group. Furthermore, significantly less root resorption was observed in the implant group compared with the J-hook headgear group. The maxillary incisors were effectively intruded by using miniscrews as orthodontic anchorage without patient cooperation. The amount of root resorption was not affected by activating the ligature wire from the miniscrew during incisor intrusion.

Case-control study on the prevention of occupational eye injuries.

PubMed

Ho, Chi-Kung; Yen, Ya-Lin; Chang, Cheng-Hsien; Chiang, Hung-Che; Shen, Ying-Ying; Chang, Po-Ya

2008-01-01

The risk factors for occupational eye injuries have never been published in Taiwan. We conducted a case-control study to analyze the differences among workers on their knowledge, attitude to and practice (KAP) of occupational accident prevention. In the study, a statistical model was also set up for predicting the occupational problem. Subjects, including 31 cases of work-related eye injuries and 62 controls, completed a structured questionnaire on KAP, which revealed that 80.6% and 62.7% of workers in the case and control groups, respectively, did not wear eye protection during work. Furthermore, we found that temporary employment (OR, 10.7; 95% CI, 3.03-36.16) and fewer than 10 years of education (OR, 4.44; 95% CI, 1.73-11.44) were the major risk factors for occupational eye injuries. In addition, we developed a logistic regression model with four predictors (temporary employment, education years less than 10, poor management of industrial health and safety in the workplace, and poor attitude towards accident prevention) for the occurrence of occupational eye injuries. In conclusion, in Taiwan, compulsory regulation of wearing eye protection during work, good education, management of work safety and hygiene and employee (especially temporary worker) commitment to safety and health are strongly recommended prevention strategies.

The Fish Kill Mystery: Using Case Studies in the Middle School Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heid, Christy; Biglan, Barbara; Ritson, Margaret

2008-01-01

Case studies are an excellent method for engaging middle school students in the current work of scientists. Students learn to think like scientists as they decide how to investigate the dilemma presented in the case study. This article describes one such case study, the Fish Kill Mystery, which takes place at a popular vacation spot--the beaches…

Columbia Smelting & Refining Works Red Hook, Brooklyn, New York

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The site is the former location of a secondary lead smelter called Columbia Smelting and Refining Works (Columbia), and the extent of lead-contaminated soil from the smelter, in the mixed-use neighborhood of Red Hook in Brooklyn, New York. The footprint of

Characterization of Fish Passage Conditions through a Francis Turbine and Regulating Outlet at Cougar Dam, Oregon, Using Sensor Fish, 2009–2010

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Duncan, Joanne P.

2011-05-23

Fish passage conditions through a Francis turbine and a regulating outlet (RO) at Cougar Dam on the south fork of the McKenzie River in Oregon were evaluated by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, using Sensor Fish devices. The objective of the study was to describe and compare passage exposure conditions, identifying potential fish injury regions encountered during passage via specific routes. The RO investigation was performed in December 2009 and the turbine evaluation in January 2010, concurrent with HI-Z balloon-tag studies by Normandeau Associates, Inc. Sensor Fish data were analyzed to estimatemore » 1) exposure conditions, particularly exposure to severe collision, strike, and shear events by passage route sub-regions; 2) differences in passage conditions between passage routes; and 3) relationships to live-fish injury and mortality data estimates. Comparison of the three passage routes evaluated at Cougar Dam indicates that the RO passage route through the 3.7-ft gate opening was relatively the safest route for fish passage under the operating conditions tested; turbine passage was the most deleterious. These observations were supported also by the survival and malady estimates obtained from live-fish testing. Injury rates were highest for turbine passage. Compared to mainstem Columbia River passage routes, none of the Cougar Dam passage routes as tested are safe for juvenile salmonid passage.« less

The relative degree of difficulty of L2 Spanish /d, t/, trill, and tap by L1 English speakers: Auditory and acoustic methods of defining pronunciation accuracy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Waltmunson, Jeremy C.

2005-07-01

This study has investigated the L2 acquisition of Spanish word-medial /d, t, r, (fish hook)/, word-initial /r/, and onset cluster /(fish hook)/. Two similar experiments were designed to address the relative degree of difficulty of the word-medial contrasts, as well as the effect of word-position on /r/ and /(fish hook)/ accuracy scores. In addition, the effect of vowel height on the production of [r] and the L2 emergence of the svarabhakti vowel in onset cluster /(fish hook)/ were investigated. Participants included 34 Ll English speakers from a range of L2 Spanish levels who were recorded in multiple sessions across a 6-month or 2-month period. The criteria for assessing segment accuracy was based on auditory and acoustic features found in productions by native Spanish speakers. In order to be scored as accurate, the L2 productions had to evidence both the auditory and acoustic features found in native speaker productions. L2 participant scores for each target were normalized in order to account for the variation of features found across native speaker productions. The results showed that word-medial accuracy scores followed two significant rankings (from lowest to highest): /r <= d <= (fish hook) <= t/ and /r <= (fish hook) <= d <= t/; however, when scores for /t/ included a voice onset time criterion, only the ranking /r <= (fish hook) <= d <= t/ was significant. These results suggest that /r/ is most difficult for learners while /t/ is least difficult, although individual variation was found. Regarding /r/, there was a strong effect of word position and vowel height on accuracy scores. For productions of /(fish hook)/, there was a strong effect of syllable position on accuracy scores. Acoustic analyses of taps in onset cluster revealed that only the experienced L2 Spanish participants demonstrated svarabhakti vowel emergence with native-like performance, suggesting that its emergence occurs relatively late in L2 acquisition.

Quantifying Barotrauma Risk to Juvenile Fish during Hydro-turbine Passage

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Richmond, Marshall C.; Serkowski, John A.; Ebner, Laurie L.

2014-03-15

We introduce a method for hydro turbine biological performance assessment (BioPA) to bridge the gap between field and laboratory studies on fish injury and turbine engineering design. Using this method, a suite of biological performance indicators is computed based on simulated data from a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a proposed hydro turbine design. Each performance indicator is a measure of the probability of exposure to a certain dose of an injury mechanism. If the relationship between the dose of an injury mechanism (stressor) and frequency of injury (dose-response) is known from laboratory or field studies, the likelihood ofmore » fish injury for a turbine design can be computed from the performance indicator. By comparing the values of the indicators from various turbine designs, engineers and biologists can identify the more-promising designs and operating conditions to minimize hydraulic conditions hazardous to passing fish. In this paper, the BioPA method is applied to estimate barotrauma induced mortal injury rates for Chinook salmon exposed to rapid pressure changes in Kaplan-type hydro turbines. Following the description of the general method, application of the BioPA to estimate the probability of mortal injury from exposure to rapid decompression is illustrated using a Kaplan hydro turbine at the John Day Dam on the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest region of the USA. The estimated rates of mortal injury increased from 0.3% to 1.7% as discharge through the turbine increased from 334 to 564 m3/s for fish assumed to be acclimated to a depth of 5 m. The majority of pressure nadirs occurred immediately below the runner blades, with the lowest values in the gap at the blade tips and just below the leading edge of the blades. Such information can help engineers focus on problem areas when designing new turbine runners to be more fish-friendly than existing units.« less

Mitigating the Hook Effect in Lateral Flow Sandwich Immunoassays Using Real-Time Reaction Kinetics.

PubMed

Rey, Elizabeth G; O'Dell, Dakota; Mehta, Saurabh; Erickson, David

2017-05-02

The quantification of analyte concentrations using lateral flow assays is a low-cost and user-friendly alternative to traditional lab-based assays. However, sandwich-type immunoassays are often limited by the high-dose hook effect, which causes falsely low results when analytes are present at very high concentrations. In this paper, we present a reaction kinetics-based technique that solves this problem, significantly increasing the dynamic range of these devices. With the use of a traditional sandwich lateral flow immunoassay, a portable imaging device, and a mobile interface, we demonstrate the technique by quantifying C-reactive protein concentrations in human serum over a large portion of the physiological range. The technique could be applied to any hook effect-limited sandwich lateral flow assay and has a high level of accuracy even in the hook effect range.

Fatal pediatric head injuries: a 20-year review of cases through the Auckland coroner's office.

PubMed

John, Simon Mathew; Jones, Peter; Kelly, Patrick; Vincent, Andrea

2013-09-01

Inflicted pediatric head injury is a significant issue in New Zealand, fatal cases receiving extensive media attention. The primary aims of this article were to analyze injury patterns and reported mechanisms against both age and cause (accidental or inflicted). The secondary aims were to quantify these deaths and identify trends over time. We retrospectively reviewed pediatric deaths due to head injury in children younger than 15 years referred to the Coronial Service of Auckland, New Zealand, from January 1, 1991, to December 31, 2010. One hundred sixty-seven cases were identified. Overall incidence was stable over time; however, the rate of inflicted head injury increased significantly (from 0.1 to 0.4/100,000 per year). Evidence of impact was seen in 90% of cases. In children younger than 2 years, in the absence of motor vehicle or pedestrian trauma, subdural hemorrhage and diffuse axonal injury were both highly suggestive of inflicted injury. The absence of a history of trauma or a history of a fall less than 1 m was also highly suggestive of inflicted injury. Retinal hemorrhages in these fatal head injuries were severe in 77% of cases and moderate in the remainder.

Astronaut James Newman with latch hook for tether device

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-09-19

STS051-26-002 (12-22 Sept 1993) --- Astronaut James H. Newman, mission specialist, shows off a latch hook for a tether device used during the STS-51 extravehicular activity (EVA) on September 16, 1993. Newman, on Discovery's middeck, appears surrounded by sleep restraints.

Fish intake, cooking practices, and risk of prostate cancer: results from a multi-ethnic case-control study.

PubMed

Joshi, Amit D; John, Esther M; Koo, Jocelyn; Ingles, Sue A; Stern, Mariana C

2012-03-01

Studies conducted to assess the association between fish consumption and prostate cancer (PCA) risk are inconclusive. However, few studies have distinguished between fatty and lean fish, and no studies have considered the role of different cooking practices, which may lead to differential accumulation of chemical carcinogens. In this study, we investigated the association between fish intake and localized and advanced PCA taking into account fish types (lean vs. fatty) and cooking practices. We analyzed data for 1,096 controls, 717 localized and 1,140 advanced cases from the California Collaborative Prostate Cancer Study, a multiethnic, population-based case-control study. We used multivariate conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios using nutrient density converted variables of fried fish, tuna, dark fish and white fish consumption. We tested for effect modification by cooking methods (high- vs. low-temperature methods) and levels of doneness. We observed that high white fish intake was associated with increased risk of advanced PCA among men who cooked with high-temperature methods (pan-frying, oven-broiling and grilling) until fish was well done (p (trend) = 0.001). No associations were found among men who cooked fish at low temperature and/or just until done (white fish x cooking method p (interaction) = 0.040). Our results indicate that consideration of fish type (oily vs. lean), specific fish cooking practices and levels of doneness of cooked fish helps elucidate the association between fish intake and PCA risk and suggest that avoiding high-temperature cooking methods for white fish may lower PCA risk.

Self-Inflicted Nailgun-Induced Penetrating Penile Injury: Case Report and Discussion.

PubMed

Hernandez, Jeremy Mark; Hamilton, David; Upadhye, Suneel

2017-05-01

Penetrating penile injuries occur mostly in industrial/work accidents, automobile accidents, or as a result of sexual curiosity and attempts at self-expression/mutilation. In this case report, the authors describe an accidental nailgun injury to the penis of a 46-year-old man. We discuss the management of such injuries in the emergency department, including the utility of a dorsal penile block for regional anesthesia. Although exceptionally rare, familiarity with penetrating lower urinary tract injuries may reduce their long-term repercussions on genitourinary and sexual health.

Meanest foundations and nobler superstructures: Hooke, Newton and the "compounding of the celestiall motions of the planets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gal, Ofer

This book is a historical-epistemological study of one the most consequential idea of early modern celestial mechanics: Robert Hooke's proposal to "compoun[d] the celestial motions of the planets of a direct motion by the tangent & an attractive motion towards a central body," a proposal which Isaac Newton adopted and realized in his Principia. Hooke's Programme was revolutionary both cosmologically and mathematically. It presented "the celestial motions," the proverbial symbol of stability and immutability, as a process of continuous change, and prescribed only parameters of rectilinear motions and rectilinear attractions for calculating their closed curved orbits. Yet the traces of Hooke's construction of his Programme for the heavens lead through his investigations in such earthly disciplines as microscopy, practical optics and horology, and the mathematical tools developed by Newton to accomplish it appear no less local and goal-oriented than Hooke's lenses and springs. This transgression of the boundaries between the theoretical, experimental and technological realms is reminiscent of Hooke's own free excursions in and out of the circles occupied by gentlemen-philosophers, university mathematicians, instrument makers, technicians and servants. It presents an opportunity to examine the social and epistemological distinctions, relations and hierarchies between those realms and their inhabitants, and compels a critical assessment of the philosophical categories they embody.

School Safety in a Post-Sandy Hook World

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trump, Kenneth S.

2014-01-01

In this report the author, who is a school safety expert, provides information about school safety in a post-Sandy Hook world. He presents the following: (1) Continuum of Threats and Responses; (2) The role social media plays; (3) Reliable Best Practices; (4) Policy and Funding--Climate and Context; (5) Policy and Funding--Things to Avoid; and (6)…

The "hook effect" causing a negative pregnancy test in a patient with an advanced molar pregnancy.

PubMed

Winder, Abigail D; Mora, Adria Suarez; Berry, Emily; Lurain, John R

2017-08-01

•At high hCG levels in molar pregnancies, a "hook effect" can cause an artificially negative value.•Delay in diagnosis of a molar pregnancy due to the "hook effect" can lead to severe complications.•Suspicion of a molar pregnancy should be communicated so a diluted sample is used to quantify hCG.

ALK-FISH borderline cases in non-small cell lung cancer: Implications for diagnostics and clinical decision making.

PubMed

von Laffert, Maximilian; Stenzinger, Albrecht; Hummel, Michael; Weichert, Wilko; Lenze, Dido; Warth, Arne; Penzel, Roland; Herbst, Hermann; Kellner, Udo; Jurmeister, Philipp; Schirmacher, Peter; Dietel, Manfred; Klauschen, Frederick

2015-12-01

Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) for the detection of ALK-rearrangements in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is based on at first sight clear cut-off criteria (≥15% of tumor cells) for split signals (SS) and single red signals (SRS). However, NSCLC with SS-counts around the cut-off may cause interpretation problems. Tissue microarrays containing 753 surgically resected NSCLCs were independently tested for ALK-alterations by FISH and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Our analysis focused on samples with SS/SRS in the range between 10% and 20% (ALK-FISH borderline group). To better understand the role of these samples in routine diagnostics, we performed statistical analyses to systematically estimate the probability of ALK-FISH-misclassification (false negative or positive) for different numbers of evaluated tumor cell nuclei (30, 50, 100, and 200). 94.3% (710/753) of the cases were classified as unequivocally (<10% or ≥20%) ALK-FISH-negative (93%; 700/753) or positive (1.3%; 10/753) and showed concordant IHC results. 5.7% (43/753) of the samples showed SS/SRS between 10% and 20% of the tumor cells. Out of these, 7% (3/43; ALK-FISH: 14%, 18% and 20%) were positive by ALK-IHC, while 93% (40/43) had no detectable expression of the ALK-protein. Statistical analysis showed that ALK-FISH misclassifications occur frequently for samples with rearrangements between 10% and 20% if ALK-characterization is based on a sharp cut-off point (15%). If results in this interval are defined as equivocal (borderline), statistical sampling-related ALK-FISH misclassifications will occur in less than 1% of the cases if 100 tumor cells are evaluated. While ALK status can be determined robustly for the majority of NSCLC by FISH our analysis showed that ∼6% of the cases belong to a borderline group for which ALK-FISH evaluation has only limited reliability due to statistical sampling effects. These cases should be considered equivocal and therapy decisions should include

Associations between heavy episodic drinking and alcohol related injuries: a case control study

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Alcohol is a significant risk factor for injuries. This study addresses 1) whether the risk of alcohol related injury increases with frequency of heavy episodic drinking (HED) in a linear fashion, and 2) whether a small group of high risk drinkers accounts for the majority of alcohol related injuries. Methods We applied a case – control design. Cases were BAC positive injured patients (n = 534) and controls were respondents to a general population survey in Norway (n = 1947). Age and gender adjusted association between self-reported past year HED frequency and alcohol related injury risk was estimated in logistic regression models for all alcohol related injuries and for violence injuries and accident injuries separately. Results An increase in HED was associated with an increase in risk of alcohol related injury, resembling a linear risk function. The small fraction of high risk drinkers (6.6%) accounted for 41.6% of all alcohol related injuries, thus lending support to the validity of the prevention paradox. Conclusion There is a strong relationship between frequency of heavy episodic drinking and risk of alcohol related injuries, yet the majority of alcohol related injuries are found among drinkers who are not in the high risk group. PMID:24228707

Vildagliptin-induced acute lung injury: a case report.

PubMed

Ohara, Nobumasa; Kaneko, Masanori; Sato, Kazuhiro; Maruyama, Ryoko; Furukawa, Tomoyasu; Tanaka, Junta; Kaneko, Kenzo; Kamoi, Kyuzi

2016-08-12

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are a class of oral hypoglycemic drugs and are used widely to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus in many countries. Adverse effects include nasopharyngitis, headache, elevated serum pancreatic enzymes, and gastrointestinal symptoms. In addition, a few cases of interstitial pneumonia associated with their use have been reported in the Japanese literature. Here we describe a patient who developed drug-induced acute lung injury shortly after the administration of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin. A 38-year-old Japanese woman with diabetes mellitus developed acute respiratory failure 1 day after administration of vildagliptin. Chest computed tomography revealed nonsegmental ground-glass opacities in her lungs. There was no evidence of bacterial pneumonia or any other cause of her respiratory manifestations. After discontinuation of vildagliptin, she recovered fully from her respiratory disorder. She received insulin therapy for her diabetes mellitus, and her subsequent clinical course has been uneventful. The period of drug exposure in previously reported cases of patients with drug-induced interstitial pneumonia caused by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor varied from several days to over 6 months. In the present case, our patient developed interstitial pneumonia only 1 day after the administration of vildagliptin. The precise mechanism of her vildagliptin-induced lung injury remains uncertain, but physicians should consider that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor-induced lung injury, although rare, may appear acutely, even within days after administration of this drug.

The discovery of microorganisms by Robert Hooke and Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, fellows of the Royal Society.

PubMed

Gest, Howard

2004-05-01

The existence of microscopic organisms was discovered during the period 1665-83 by two Fellows of The Royal Society, Robert Hooke and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. In Micrographia (1665), Hooke presented the first published depiction of a microganism, the microfungus Mucor. Later, Leeuwenhoek observed and described microscopic protozoa and bacteria. These important revelations were made possible by the ingenuity of Hooke and Leeuwenhoek in fabricating and using simple microscopes that magnified objects from about 25-fold to 250-fold. After a lapse of more than 150 years, microscopy became the backbone of our understanding of the roles of microbes in the causation of infectious diseases and the recycling of chemical elements in the biosphere.

Retropharyngeal hematoma secondary to whiplash injury in childhood: a case report.

PubMed

Nurata, Hakan; Yilmaz, Muhammet Bahadır; Borcek, Alp Ozgun; Oner, Ali Yusuf; Baykaner, M Kemali

2012-01-01

Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD) has been reported as an adult phenomenon. Whiplash injury has classically been described as a cervical soft tissue hyperextension- flexion injury after a trauma such as a rear end impact car crash, contact sport injuries, blows to the head from a falling object or a punch and shaken baby syndrome and is mostly seen in adults . It is important as it may cause severe disability due to spinal cord injury, decrease work productivity and even retropharyngeal hematoma resulting airway obstruction and mortality due to bleeding amongst deep cervical fascias. We describe a case of retropharyngeal hematoma after whiplash injury in a childhood.

Ocular injury with high-pressure paint: a case report.

PubMed

Bandyopadhyay, Chitrabhanu; Mitra, Arjit; Harrison, Rosalind J

2009-01-01

Chemical injury to the eye is an ophthalmic emergency that can be caused by a work-related accident or common household products. Uradil SZ261 G3Z-65 is a resin containing butyl gycol (2-butoxyethanol) and ethyl ethanol amine (2-dimethyaminoethanol). It is used in stoving enamels for interior and exterior use. The authors report a case of ocular surface injury with a highpressure industrial spray paint-Waterborne Stoving Gentian Blue containing Uradil.

[Case-control study on measurement of coracoclavicular and acromioclavicular ligament injuries during internal fixation operation for the treatment of fresh acromioclavicular joint dislocation of Tossy type III].

PubMed

Guan, Ting-Jin; Sun, Peng; Zheng, Liang-Guo; Qi, Xiang-Yang

2014-01-01

To study measurement methods of acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligament injuries,its therapeutic effects and complications during internal fixation operation for the treatment of fresh acromioclavicular joint dislocations of Tossy type III. From July 2003 to May 2012,127 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocations of Tossy type III were treated with wire fixation from coracoid process to clavicle or hook-plate fixation. The patients were divided into group A (63 cases) and group B (64 cases) according to whether acromioclavicular ligament and coracoclavicular ligament were repaired or not. In group A (ligaments repaired), there were 39 males and 24 females with an average age of (33.25 +/- 8.46) years old (ranged from 17 to 59 years). And in group B (no ligaments repaired), there were 41 males and 23 females with an average age of (34.10 +/- 7.19) years (ranged from 19 to 57 years). The operation times, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative infections, internal fixation failure, recurrence and other complications, together with therapeutic effects were compared between two groups. The outcome was analyzed according to Karlsson standard. In group A, 54 patients got an excellent result and 9 good according to Karlsson standard;the average operative time was (55.90 +/- 26.56) min; the average intraoperative bleeding amount was (99.80 +/- 50.30) ml; 1 patient had wire broken without re-dislocation at 16 weeks after operation, 3 patients got wound fat liquefaction and recovered after treatment, 1 patient had pain after shoulder joint motion and pain disappeared after implants were taken out. In group B, 52 patients got an excellent result and 12 good according to Karlsson standard; the average operative time was (49.50 +/- 23.14) min; the average intraoperative bleeding amount was (87.30 +/- 46.41) ml; 2 patients got wound fat liquefaction, and 2 patients had pain after shoulder joint motion. All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged

A description on pharyngeal jaw apparatus and diets of halfbeak fish Zenarchopterus buffonis (Valenciennes 1847) in Malaysian waters

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abidin, Diana Atiqah Zainal, E-mail: diana.atiqah@gmail.com; Hashim, Marina; Ghaffar, Mazlan Abd., E-mail: magfish05@yahoo.com

2015-09-25

Information on the feeding mechanism and diet of halfbeak fish species in harsh estuarine environment ecosystem is still lacking. The present study investigates the fine structure of pharyngeal jaw apparatus and diets of halfbeak fish Zenarchopterus buffonis. A total of 84 halfbeak fish samples have been collected from the coastal water of Peninsular Malaysia using fishing rod. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the micrographs of fine microstructure of the pharyngeal teeth. The fundamental anatomy of pharyngeal jaw apparatus displayed that the upper pharyngeal jaw (third pharyngobranchials) displays larger size of hook-like or tricuspid teeth which was analogous tomore » tricuspid morphology. The lower pharyngeal jaw (fifth ceratobranchial) bears mainly conical teeth and appears triangular shape with two, short projections. The estimated TROPH values (1 − 3.2±0.55) denoted that halfbeak fish were omnivores in nature. The findings of this study was found to be useful as a baseline information for a better representation of the trophic flows associated with large medium and small surface water fishes.« less

A description on pharyngeal jaw apparatus and diets of halfbeak fish Zenarchopterus buffonis (Valenciennes 1847) in Malaysian waters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abidin, Diana Atiqah Zainal; Hashim, Marina; Das, Simon K.; Ghaffar, Mazlan Abd.

2015-09-01

Information on the feeding mechanism and diet of halfbeak fish species in harsh estuarine environment ecosystem is still lacking. The present study investigates the fine structure of pharyngeal jaw apparatus and diets of halfbeak fish Zenarchopterus buffonis. A total of 84 halfbeak fish samples have been collected from the coastal water of Peninsular Malaysia using fishing rod. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the micrographs of fine microstructure of the pharyngeal teeth. The fundamental anatomy of pharyngeal jaw apparatus displayed that the upper pharyngeal jaw (third pharyngobranchials) displays larger size of hook-like or tricuspid teeth which was analogous to tricuspid morphology. The lower pharyngeal jaw (fifth ceratobranchial) bears mainly conical teeth and appears triangular shape with two, short projections. The estimated TROPH values (1 - 3.2±0.55) denoted that halfbeak fish were omnivores in nature. The findings of this study was found to be useful as a baseline information for a better representation of the trophic flows associated with large medium and small surface water fishes.

Rose Prickles and Asparagus Spines--Different Hook Structures as Attachment Devices in Climbing Plants.

PubMed

Gallenmüller, Friederike; Feus, Amélie; Fiedler, Kathrin; Speck, Thomas

2015-01-01

Functional morphology and biomechanical properties of hook structures functioning as attachment devices in the leaning climbers Rosa arvensis, Rosa arvensis 'Splendens', Asparagus falcatus and Asparagus setaceus are analysed in order to investigate the variability in closely related species as well as convergent developments of hook structure and properties in distant systematic lineages (monocots and dicots). Prickles and spines were characterised by their size, orientation and the maximum force measured at failure in mechanical tests performed with traction forces applied at different angles. In Rosa arvensis and Rosa arvensis 'Splendens' three types of prickles differing largely in geometrical and mechanical properties are identified (prickles of the wild species and two types of prickles in the cultivar). In prickles of Rosa arvensis no particular orientation of the prickle tip is found whereas in the cultivar Rosa arvensis 'Splendens' prickles gradually gain a downward-orientation due to differential growth in the first weeks of their development. Differences in mechanical properties and modes of failure are correlated to geometrical parameters. In Asparagus falcatus and Asparagus setaceus spines are composed of leaf tissue, stem tissue and tissue of the axillary bud. Between species spines differ in size, orientation, distribution along the stem, tissue contributions and mechanical properties. The prickles of Rosa arvensis and its cultivar and the spines of the studied Asparagus species have several traits in common: (1) a gradual change of cell size and cell wall thickness, with larger cells in the centre and smaller thick-walled cells at the periphery of the hooks, (2) occurrence of a diversity of shape and geometry within one individual, (3) failure of single hooks when submitted to moderate mechanical stresses (Fmax/basal area < 35 N/mm²) and (4) failure of the hooks without severe stem damage (at least in the tested wild species).

Two new species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) parasitizing Girardinichthys multiradiatus (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae), an endemic freshwater fish from central Mexico.

PubMed

Mendoza-Palmero, Carlos A; Sereno-Uribe, Ana L; Salgado-Maldonado, Guillermo

2009-04-01

Gyrodactylus mexicanus n. sp. and Gyrodactylus lamothei n. sp. are described from the fins and skin of Girardinichthys multiradiatus, an endemic freshwater fish from central Mexico. Gyrodactylus mexicanus is compared to other Gyrodactylus species that parasitize Fundulus spp., the phylogenetically closest group to the Goodeidae from North America. Gyrodactylus mexicanus is distinguished by having large anchors with well-developed superficial roots, enlarged hooks with a proximally disrupted shank (ligament), and a ventral bar with 2 poorly developed anterolateral projections and a small medial process. Gyrodactylus lamothei is distinguished from G. mexicanus and from other species of Gyrodactylus on the North American continent by having anchors with a sclerite on the superficial root and robust hooks with a straight shaft and a recurved point.

Impalement brain injury from steel rod causing injury to jugular bulb: case report and review of the literature.

PubMed

Grossbach, Andrew J; Abel, Taylor J; Smietana, Janel; Dahdaleh, Nader; Severson, Meryl A; Hasan, David

2014-01-01

The management of impalement penetrating brain injuries (IPBI) from non-missile objects is extremely challenging, especially when vascular structures are involved. Cerebral angiography is a crucial tool in initial evaluation to assess for vascular injury as standard non-invasive imaging modalities are limited by foreign body artifact, especially for metallic objects. This study reports a case of an IPBI caused by a segment of steel rebar resulting in injury to the left jugular bulb and posterior temporal lobe. It describes the initial presentation, radiology, management and outcome in this patient and reviews the literature of similar injuries.

50 CFR 300.224 - Longline fishing restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... a notice in the Federal Register announcing that specific prohibitions will be in effect starting on... into effect as announced under paragraph (d) of this section, in which case the bigeye tuna on board...; specifically, the hooks, branch or dropper lines, and floats used to buoy the mainline must be stowed and not...

Albatrosses Following Fishing Vessels: How Badly Hooked Are They on an Easy Meal?

PubMed Central

Granadeiro, José P.; Phillips, Richard A.; Brickle, Paul; Catry, Paulo

2011-01-01

Fisheries have major impacts on seabirds, both by changing food availability and by causing direct mortality of birds during trawling and longline setting. However, little is known about the nature and the spatial-temporal extent of the interactions between individual birds and vessels. By studying a system in which we had fine-scale data on bird movements and activity, and near real-time information on vessel distribution, we provide new insights on the association of a threatened albatross with fisheries. During early chick-rearing, black-browed albatrosses Thalassarche melanophris from two different colonies (separated by only 75 km) showed significant differences in the degree of association with fisheries, despite being nearly equidistant to the Falklands fishing fleet. Most foraging trips from either colony did not bring tracked individuals close to vessels, and proportionally little time and foraging effort was spent near ships. Nevertheless, a few individuals repeatedly visited fishing vessels, which may indicate they specialise on fisheries-linked food sources and so are potentially more vulnerable to bycatch. The evidence suggests that this population has little reliance on fisheries discards at a critical stage of its nesting cycle, and hence measures to limit fisheries waste on the Patagonian shelf that also reduce vessel attractiveness and the risk of incidental mortality, would be of high overall conservation benefit. PMID:21399696

Occupational asthma in the commercial fishing industry: a case series and review of the literature.

PubMed

Lucas, David; Lucas, Raymond; Boniface, Keith; Jegaden, Dominique; Lodde, Brice; Dewitte, Jean-Ariel

2010-01-01

We present a case series of snow crab-induced occupational asthma (OA) from a fishing and processing vessel, followed by a review of OA in the commercial fishing industry. OA is typically caused from an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction after respiratory exposure to aerosolized fish and shellfish proteins. It more commonly occurs due to crustaceans, but molluscs and fin fish are implicated as well. Standard medical therapy for asthma may be used acutely; however, steps to reduce atmospheric allergen concentrations in the workplace have proven to be preventive for this disease.

A profile of Injury in Fiji: findings from a population-based injury surveillance system (TRIP-10)

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Over 90% of injury deaths occur in low-and middle-income countries. However, the epidemiological profile of injuries in Pacific Islands has received little attention. We used a population-based-trauma registry to investigate the characteristics of all injuries in Viti Levu, Fiji. Method The Fiji Injury Surveillance in Hospitals (FISH) database prospectively collected data on all injury-related deaths and primary admissions to hospital (≥12 hours stay) in Viti Levu during 12 months commencing October 2005. Results The 2167 injury-related deaths and hospitalisations corresponded to an annual incidence rate of 333 per 100,000, with males accounting for twice as many cases as females. Almost 80% of injuries involved people aged less than 45 years, and 74% were deemed unintentional. There were 244 fatalities (71% died before admission) and 1994 hospitalisations corresponding to crude annual rates of 37.5 per 100,000 and 306 per 100,000 respectively. The leading cause of fatal injury was road traffic injury (29%) and the equivalent for injury admissions was falls (30%). The commonest type of injury resulting in death and admission to hospital was asphyxia and fractures respectively. Alcohol use was documented as a contributing factor in 13% of deaths and 12% of admissions. In general, indigenous Fijians had higher rates of injury admission, especially for interpersonal violence, while those of Indian ethnicity had higher rates of fatality, especially from suicide. Conclusions Injury is an important public health problem that disproportionately affects young males in Fiji, with a high proportion of deaths prior to hospital presentation. This study highlights key areas requiring priority attention to reduce the burden of potentially life-threatening injuries in Fiji. PMID:23234597

A profile of injury in Fiji: findings from a population-based injury surveillance system (TRIP-10).

PubMed

Wainiqolo, Iris; Kafoa, Berlin; Kool, Bridget; Herman, Josephine; McCaig, Eddie; Ameratunga, Shanthi

2012-12-12

Over 90% of injury deaths occur in low-and middle-income countries. However, the epidemiological profile of injuries in Pacific Islands has received little attention. We used a population-based-trauma registry to investigate the characteristics of all injuries in Viti Levu, Fiji. The Fiji Injury Surveillance in Hospitals (FISH) database prospectively collected data on all injury-related deaths and primary admissions to hospital (≥ 12 hours stay) in Viti Levu during 12 months commencing October 2005. The 2167 injury-related deaths and hospitalisations corresponded to an annual incidence rate of 333 per 100,000, with males accounting for twice as many cases as females. Almost 80% of injuries involved people aged less than 45 years, and 74% were deemed unintentional. There were 244 fatalities (71% died before admission) and 1994 hospitalisations corresponding to crude annual rates of 37.5 per 100,000 and 306 per 100,000 respectively. The leading cause of fatal injury was road traffic injury (29%) and the equivalent for injury admissions was falls (30%). The commonest type of injury resulting in death and admission to hospital was asphyxia and fractures respectively. Alcohol use was documented as a contributing factor in 13% of deaths and 12% of admissions. In general, indigenous Fijians had higher rates of injury admission, especially for interpersonal violence, while those of Indian ethnicity had higher rates of fatality, especially from suicide. Injury is an important public health problem that disproportionately affects young males in Fiji, with a high proportion of deaths prior to hospital presentation. This study highlights key areas requiring priority attention to reduce the burden of potentially life-threatening injuries in Fiji.

A case-control study of eye injuries in the workplace in Hong Kong.

PubMed

Yu, Tak Sun Ignatius; Liu, Hongjie; Hui, Karen

2004-01-01

Eye injury in the workplace is common worldwide. This study proposed to explore both risk and preventive factors re eye injuries in Hong Kong. Case-control study. A total of 239 work-related eye injury patients, and 253 subjects without a history of any eye injury as controls. Patients with all incident cases of work-related eye injuries attending the ophthalmology clinics of 3 major public hospitals in Hong Kong during the first 3 months of 2000 were invited to participate. Controls were selected from the general population and were frequency matched to patients based on gender. Patients were interviewed face-to-face by trained interviewers in the ophthalmology clinics, using a structured questionnaire. Telephone interviews were used for controls. Risk and protective factors associated with eye injuries. Among eye injury cases, 158 patients (66.1%) reported having incurred 1 episode of eye injury during employment, 49 (20.5%) having suffered 2 episodes, and 32 (13.4%) having experienced >/==" BORDER="0">3 eye injuries at work. Most of the patients (85.4%) did not wear any protective devices at the time of injury. Subjects who wore safety glasses regularly were less likely to have eye injuries (odds ratio [OR] = 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.14-0.62). Having a safety requirement for wearing safety glasses was negatively associated with eye injuries (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.15-0.62). Multivariate analysis indicated that exposures to certain work hazards and working in the construction industry were positively associated with eye injuries. Subjects who worked longer in their current job, who reported having received job safety training before employment, or whose machines or equipment were maintained or repaired regularly by employers were at lower risk of experiencing eye injuries. Construction workers and those exposed to multiple hazards may get eye injuries at work. They should be provided with protective devices that are effective in preventing such

33 CFR 334.102 - Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station EARLE, Piers and Terminal Channel, restricted area...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons... DANGER ZONE AND RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.102 Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station EARLE, Piers..., shall be enforced by the Commanding Officer, Naval Weapons Station Earle, and/or other persons or...

33 CFR 334.102 - Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station EARLE, Piers and Terminal Channel, restricted area...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons... DANGER ZONE AND RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.102 Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station EARLE, Piers..., shall be enforced by the Commanding Officer, Naval Weapons Station Earle, and/or other persons or...

33 CFR 334.102 - Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station EARLE, Piers and Terminal Channel, restricted area...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons... DANGER ZONE AND RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.102 Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station EARLE, Piers..., shall be enforced by the Commanding Officer, Naval Weapons Station Earle, and/or other persons or...

33 CFR 334.102 - Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station EARLE, Piers and Terminal Channel, restricted area...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons... DANGER ZONE AND RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.102 Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station EARLE, Piers..., shall be enforced by the Commanding Officer, Naval Weapons Station Earle, and/or other persons or...

33 CFR 334.102 - Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station EARLE, Piers and Terminal Channel, restricted area...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons... DANGER ZONE AND RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.102 Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station EARLE, Piers..., shall be enforced by the Commanding Officer, Naval Weapons Station Earle, and/or other persons or...

76 FR 52888 - Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries; American Samoa Longline Gear Modifications To Reduce Turtle...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-24

... longline hooks fish deeper than 100 meters (m) to reduce interactions with Pacific green sea turtles. This... to configure their fishing gear so that longline hooks are set to fish deeper than 100 meters, away... 40 ft to use float lines that are at least 30 meters long, and maintain a distance between float...

Identification of Aroma-active Compounds in Essential Oil from Uncaria Hook by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry.

PubMed

Iwasa, Megumi; Nakaya, Satoshi; Maki, Yusuke; Marumoto, Shinsuke; Usami, Atsushi; Miyazawa, Mitsuo

2015-01-01

The chemical composition of essential oil extracted from Uncaria Hook ("Chotoko" in Japanese), the branch with curved hook of the herbal medicine Uncaria rhynchophylla has been investigated by GC and GC-MS analyses. Eighty-four compounds, representing 90.8% of the total content was identified in oil obtained from Uncaria Hook. The main components i were (E)-cinnamaldehyde (13.4%), α-copaene (8.0%), methyl eugenol (6.8%), δ-cadinene (5.3%), and curcumene (3.6%). The important key aroma-active compounds in the oil were detected by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), using the flavor dilution (FD) factor to express the odor potency of each compounds. Furthermore, the odor activity value (OAV) has been used as a measure of the relative contribution of each compound to the aroma of the Uncaria Hook oil. The GC-O and AEDA results showed that α-copaene (FD = 4, OAV = 4376), (E)-linalool oxide (FD = 64, OAV = 9.1), and methyl eugenol (FD = 64, OAV = 29) contributed to the woody and spicy odor of Uncaria Hook oil, whereas furfural (FD = 8, OAV = 4808) contributed to its sweet odor. These results warrant further investigations of the application of essential oil from Uncaria Hook in the phytochemical and medicinal fields.

A case of histamine fish poisoning in a young atopic woman.

PubMed

Wilson, Ben J; Musto, Richard J; Ghali, William A

2012-07-01

Histamine fish poisoning, also known as scombroid poisoning, is a histamine toxicity syndrome that results from eating specific types of spoiled fish. Although typically a benign syndrome, characterized by self-limited flushing, headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms, we describe a case unique in its severity and as a precipitant of an asthma exacerbation. A 25-year-old woman presented to the emergency department (ED) with one hour of tongue and face swelling, an erythematous pruritic rash, and dyspnea with wheezing after consuming a tuna sandwich. She developed abdominal pain, diarrhea and hypotension in the ED requiring admission to the hospital. A diagnosis of histamine fish poisoning was made and the patient was treated supportively and discharged within 24 hours, but was readmitted within 3 hours due to an asthma exacerbation. Her course was complicated by recurrent admissions for asthma exacerbations.

Airborne Priapism: A Case of Nonischemic Priapism After Military Static-Line Parachute Injury.

PubMed

Charny, Grigory; Booms, Zachary; McDonough, Patrick; Schauer, Steven

2015-07-01

We report the case of a 21-year-old active duty U.S. Army soldier with painful and nonresolving priapism following blunt pelvic and lower extremity trauma from military static-line parachute injury during training. The patient's condition was initially managed with corporal aspiration and intracavernosal injections of phenylephrine that provided temporary relief but recurrence soon after. Referral to Urology at the site of the patient's injury yielded a diagnosis of penile hematoma. On subsequent evaluation by Urology on return to the patient's home duty station (over 96 hours after injury, with symptoms persisting), the corpora cavernosa were rigid, the corpus spongiosum was soft, and corporal blood gas drawn by the emergency department consistent with arterial blood. Penile duplex ultrasound revealed an isolated arterial-cavernosal fistula within the proximal left corporal body. The patient underwent percutaneous embolization of the fistula with successful resolution of his condition and return of normal erectile function. We discuss this unique case of high-flow priapism occurring after blunt trauma from military parachute injury and review suggested management in a stepwise fashion. The case is significant in that extensive literature review yields no previously described case of priapism following trauma from military parachute injury. Reprint & Copyright © 2015 Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S.

Gateway National Recreation Area - Sandy Hook Unit : parking management study

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-12-01

This report describes the Parking Management System (PMS) concept for the Sandy Hook Traveler Information System (TIS). The PMS is an important component of the TIS because it ultimately will be used to determine the open / closed status of the park....

Pantoprazole-induced acute kidney injury: A case report.

PubMed

Peng, Tao; Hu, Zhao; Zheng, Hongnan; Zhen, Junhui; Ma, Chengjun; Yang, Xiangdong

2018-06-01

The present study reports a case of pantoprazole-induced acute kidney disease. The patient was diagnosed with acute kidney injury with wide interstitial inflammation and eosinophil infiltration. Following 1 month of glucocorticoid therapy, the patient's serum creatinine and urea nitrogen decreased to within normal ranges. The presentation, clinical course, diagnosis and prognosis of pantoprazole-induced acute kidney injury are discussed herein to highlight the importance of early and correct diagnosis for good prognosis. Disease characteristics include short-term increased serum creatinine levels that respond to glucocorticoid treatment. The patient had no history of chronic kidney disease or proteinuria and presented with increased serum creatinine following treatment with pantoprazole. Following the end of pantoprazole treatment, short-term RRT and long-term prednisolone was administered, then serum creatinine returned to normal. Pantoprazole-induced acute kidney injury is commonly misdiagnosed and late diagnosis results in poor patient prognoses. Misdiagnosis leads to the administration of treatments that may exacerbate the condition, so appropriate diagnosis and treatment for pantoprazole-induced acute kidney injury is necessary.

Structural and genetic analysis of a mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides WS8 deficient in hook length control.

PubMed Central

González-Pedrajo, B; Ballado, T; Campos, A; Sockett, R E; Camarena, L; Dreyfus, G

1997-01-01

Motility in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides is achieved by the unidirectional rotation of a single subpolar flagellum. In this study, transposon mutagenesis was used to obtain nonmotile flagellar mutants from this bacterium. We report here the isolation and characterization of a mutant that shows a polyhook phenotype. Morphological characterization of the mutant was done by electron microscopy. Polyhooks were obtained by shearing and were used to purify the hook protein monomer (FlgE). The apparent molecular mass of the hook protein was 50 kDa. N-terminal amino acid sequencing and comparisons with the hook proteins of other flagellated bacteria indicated that the Rhodobacter hook protein has consensus sequences common to axial flagellar components. A 25-kb fragment from an R. sphaeroides WS8 cosmid library restored wild-type flagellation and motility to the mutant. Using DNA adjacent to the inserted transposon as a probe, we identified a 4.6-kb SalI restriction fragment that contained the gene responsible for the polyhook phenotype. Nucleotide sequence analysis of this region revealed an open reading frame with a deduced amino acid sequence that was 23.4% identical to that of FliK of Salmonella typhimurium, the polypeptide responsible for hook length control in that enteric bacterium. The relevance of a gene homologous to fliK in the uniflagellated bacterium R. sphaeroides is discussed. PMID:9352903

How Are Fishing Patterns and Fishing Communities Responding to Climate Change? A Test Case from the Northwest Atlantic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Young, T.; Fuller, E.; Coleman, K.; Provost, M.; Pinsky, M. L.; St Martin, K.

2016-02-01

We know climate is changing and fish are moving in response to those changes. But we understand less about how harvesters are responding to these changes in fish distribution and the ramifications of those changes for fishing communities. Ecological and evolutionary theory suggests that organisms must move, adapt, or die in response to environmental changes, and a related frame may be relevant for human harvesters in the face of climate change. Furthermore, research suggests that there may be a portfolio effect: a wider diversity of catch may buffer harvesters from some effects of climate change. To get at these questions, we explored changes in fishing patterns among commercial fishing communities in the northeast US from 1997-2014 using NOAA-collected logbook data. We found that communities using more mobile gear (large trawl vessels) demonstrated a greater range of latitudinal shift than communities using any other gear. Latitudinal shift was also inversely related to species diversity of catch and port latitude in those communities: southern communities that caught few species shifted dramatically northward, and northern communities that caught many species did not demonstrate marked latitudinal shifts. Those communities that demonstrated larger latitudinal shifts also demonstrated smaller changes in catch composition than their more stationary counterparts. We also found that vessels are indeed leaving many, but not all, fisheries in this region. These results suggest that harvesters are moving, adapting, and leaving fisheries, and that there does appear to be a portfolio effect, with catch diversity mediating some of these responses. While these changes in fishing patterns cannot all be directly attributed to climate change per se, marine fishes in this region are shifting north rapidly, as is expected under climate change. This study provides a valuable test case for exploring the potential ramifications of climate change on coastal socio-ecological systems.

Injury pattern among non-fatal road traffic accident cases: a cross-sectional study in Central India.

PubMed

Ganveer, Gunjan B; Tiwari, Rajnarayan R

2005-01-01

What is the pattern of injuries among non-fatal cases of road traffic accidents? To study the pattern of injuries among non-fatal cases of road traffic accidents. Cross-sectional study. Nagpur, a city in central India. 423 non-fatal cases of road traffic accidents reporting for treatment to Indira Gandhi Medical College, Nagpur during 1999-2000. Demographic characteristics, accident characteristics. Percentages, proportions, Chi-square test. Out of total 423 subjects, 363 (85.8%) were male while only 60 (14.2%) were female subjects. Majority of the victims (75%) were in the age group 18- 37 years. Sideways collision was the most common type of accident seen in 269 (63.59%) cases. Two wheelers and LMV were the common vehicle being involved in accidents (69.97%) and these accidents were almost equally distributed in both half of the day. Fracture of the bones was the common injury afflicted to the victims followed by multiple injuries like blunt injury, abrasions and lacerations. Lower extremity was involved in 192 (45.39%) cases while multiple sites were affected in 114 (26.95%) cases. In the present study, the fractures were the commonest injury among the victims of non-fatal road traffic accidents.

SEASAT economic assessment. Volume 8: Ocean fishing case study. [economic benefits of SEASAT satellites to ocean fishing industries in the United States and Canada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

The potential application of SEASAT data with regard to ocean fisheries is discussed. Tracking fish populations, indirect assistance in forecasting expected populations and assistance to fishing fleets in avoiding costs incurred due to adverse weather through improved ocean conditions forecasts were investigated. Case studies on fisheries in the United States and Canada are cited.

Ratfish (Chimaera) spine injuries in fishermen.

PubMed

Hayes, A J; Sim, A J W

2011-08-01

An occupational hazard peculiar to fishermen, is an injury from a sharp fish spine. Such spines can cause envenomation injury, infectious sequelae or trauma to anatomical structures. The management of two fishermen with penetrating ratfish (Chimaera) spine injuries to the lower limb is described. Both were managed by removal of the spine under general anaesthesia. In the second patient, the spine was embedded adjacent to the left femoral artery, highlighting the potential for major haemorrhage and supporting the use of surgical wound exploration when important structures may be involved. Herein, we describe the first report in English of Chimaera spine injury. In addition, we surveyed nine northeast Atlantic deep-sea fishermen to gain information on exposure to, and injuries from, this type of fish. The most commonly identified species was Chimaera monstrosa. Five fishermen reported injuries to their feet or hands from Chimaera spines and two had sought medical attention. The evidence indicates that deep-sea trawler fishermen of the northeast Atlantic frequently encounter Chimaera species and can suffer dangerous penetrating wounds from its dorsal spine.

Open-hole fishing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pietrobono, J.T.

1988-01-01

This paper reports on losing equipment in the hole that is one of the most expensive and potentially dangerous things that can go wrong in drilling a well. Drilling must come to a halt until the equipment is recovered, or the hole must be sidetracked. The well also can become hard to control with essential tools out of reach, increasing the risk of a blowout. Fishing, or recovering lost or stuck equipment in the hole, is therefore a critical procedure at any drilling operation. Fishing can be divided into two broad categories: open hole and cased hole. a major differencemore » between the two is timing: open-hole fishing is done as the well is being drilled, whereas cased-hole fishing is performed during production or well workover. Fishing techniques and types of equipment used also vary between the tow. This lesson describes some of the basic techniques and tools used in open-hole fishing-that is, retrieving fish from a hole that is being drilled but is not yet cased.« less

Accidental cut-throat injuries from the broken windshield of an auto rickshaw: Two unusual cases.

PubMed

Swain, Rajanikanta; Dhaka, Shivani; Sharma, Munish; Bakshi, Mantaran Singh; Murty, O P; Sikary, Asit Kumar

2018-01-01

Accidental cut-throat injuries are extremely rare and usually involve a sharp-edged weapon. In this paper, two cases of a cut-throat wound to two auto-rickshaw drivers are presented where the broken windshield of the auto-rickshaws was responsible for the wounds. In both the cases, fatal incised wounds were present over the neck, cutting the soft tissue along with the major vessels. The death occurred due to exsanguination caused by neck-vessel injury in one case and trachea along with neck-vessel injury in the second case. Although the wounds on the neck initially suggested homicide, they were found to have occurred accidentally as a result of a road traffic accident involving a head-on collision of auto rickshaws. The injuries were inflicted by the shattered glass of the windshield.

Improvement for identification of heterophile antibody interference and AFP hook effect in immunoassays with multiplex suspension bead array system.

PubMed

Wang, Yajie; Yu, Jinsheng; Ren, Yuan; Liu, Li; Li, Haowen; Guo, Anchen; Shi, Congning; Fang, Fang; Juehne, Twyla; Yao, Jianer; Yang, Enhuan; Zhou, Xuelei; Kang, Xixiong

2013-11-15

A variety of immunoassays including multiplex suspension bead array have been developed for tumor marker detections; however, these assays could be compromised in their sensitivity and specificity by well-known heterophile antibody interference and hook effect. Using Luminex® multiplex suspension bead arrays, we modified protocols with two newly-developed solutions that can identify heterophile antibody interference and AFP hook effect. Effectiveness of the two solutions was assessed in serum samples from patients. Concentrations of 9 tumor markers in heterophile antibody positive samples assayed with Solution A, containing murine monoclonal antibodies and mouse serum, were significantly reduced when compared with those false high signals assayed without Solution A (all p<0.01). With incorporation of Solution H (fluorescent beads linked with AFP antigen), a new strategy for identification of AFP hook effect was established, and with this strategy AFP hook effect was identified effectively in serum samples with very high levels of AFP. Two proprietary solutions improve the identification of heterophile antibody interference and AFP hook effect. With these solutions, multiplex suspension bead arrays provide more reliable testing results in tumor marker detection where complex clinical serum samples are used. © 2013.

Insights into the Functions of M-T Hook Structure in HIV Fusion Inhibitor Using Molecular Modeling.

PubMed

Tan, Jianjun; Yuan, Hongling; Li, Chunhua; Zhang, Xiaoyi; Wang, Cunxin

2016-04-01

HIV-1 membrane fusion plays an important role in the process that HIV-1 entries host cells. As a treatment strategy targeting HIV-1 entry process, fusion inhibitors have been proposed. Nevertheless, development of a short peptide possessing high anti-HIV potency is considered a daunting challenge. He et al. found that two residues, Met626 and Thr627, located the upstream of the C-terminal heptad repeat of the gp41, formed a unique hook-like structure (M-T hook) that can dramatically improve the binding stability and anti-HIV activity of the inhibitors. In this work, we explored the molecular mechanism why M-T hook structure could improve the anti-HIV activity of inhibitors. Firstly, molecular dynamic simulation was used to obtain information on the time evolution between gp41 and ligands. Secondly, based on the simulations, molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) and molecular mechanics Generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) methods were used to calculate the binding free energies. The binding free energy of the ligand with M-T hook was considerably higher than the other without M-T. Further studies showed that the hydrophobic interactions made the dominant contribution to the binding free energy. The numbers of Hydrogen bonds between gp41 and the ligand with M-T hook structure were more than the other. These findings should provide insights into the inhibition mechanism of the short peptide fusion inhibitors and be useful for the rational design of novel fusion inhibitors in the future. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Semi-rigid single hook localization the best method for localizing ground glass opacities during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: re-aerated swine lung experimental and primary clinical results

PubMed Central

Zhao, Guang; Sun, Long; Geng, Guojun; Liu, Hongming; Li, Ning; Liu, Suhuan; Hao, Bing

2017-01-01

Background The aim of this study was to compare the effects of currently available preoperative localization methods, including semi-rigid single hook-wire, double-thorn hook-wire, and microcoil, in localizing the pulmonary nodules, thus to select the best technology to assist video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for small ground glass opacities (GGO). Methods Preoperative CT-guided localizing techniques including semi-rigid single hook-wire, double-thorn hook-wire and microcoil were used in re-aerated fresh swine lung for location experiments. The advantages and drawbacks of the three positioning technologies were compared, and then the most optimal technique was used in patients with GGO. Technical success and post-operative complications were used as primary endpoints. Results All three localizing techniques were successfully performed in the re-aerated fresh swine lung. The median tractive force of semi-rigid single hook wire, double-thorn hook wire and microcoil were 6.5, 4.85 and 0.2 N, which measured by a spring dynamometer. The wound sizes in the superficial pleura, caused by unplugging the needles, were 2 mm in double-thorn hook wire, 1 mm in semi-rigid single hook and 1 mm in microcoil, respectively. In patients with GGOs, the semi-rigid hook wires localizations were successfully performed, without any complication that need to be intervened. Dislodgement was reported in one patient before VATS. No major complications related to the preoperative hook wire localization and VATS were observed. Conclusions We found from our localization experiments in the swine lung that, among the commonly used three localization methods, semi-rigid hook wire showed the best operability and practicability than double-thorn hook wire and microcoil. Preoperative localization of small pulmonary nodules with single semi-rigid hook wire system shows a high success rate, acceptable utility and especially low dislodgement in VATS. PMID:29312722

Studying Hooke's Law by Using a Pogo Stick

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Silva, Nicolas

2011-01-01

Perhaps the pogo stick was little Robert Hooke's favorite childhood toy, consisting of a stiff spring inserted in a tube fixed at the upper end and connected to a moveable rod at the other. Hand grips and a foot rest are connected to the tube. The idea is to jump on it taking advantage of the force provided by the spring when it is compressed.…

Life- threatening hemothorax due to the inferior pulmonary ligament injury without obvious organ injuries: a case report.

PubMed

Kim, Jae Jun; Kim, Yong Hwan; Choi, Si Young; Jeong, Seong Cheol; Moon, Seok Whan

2015-03-21

Traumatic hemothorax is usually associated with obvious organ injuries, such as rib fractures, pulmonary injuries, and other mediastinal injuries. We present a rare case in which a 42-year- old Korean man who fell off of a roof, approximately 3 meters in height, resulting in a life-threatening hemothorax without obvious injuries to the thoracic organs. Chest CT showed a large amount of hemothorax in the right side of the thoracic cavity, and an active bleeding, presumably from the posterior intercostal or the phrenic artery, with a focal aneurysmal change. The emergency thoracotomy was performed to bring the active bleeding under control. The operative findings showed there were only the inferior pulmonary ligament tears, and the active bleeding from it. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged without any complications. We should consider the inferior pulmonary ligamental injury as one of causes for traumatic hemothorax.

Specific arrangement of alpha-helical coiled coils in the core domain of the bacterial flagellar hook for the universal joint function.

PubMed

Fujii, Takashi; Kato, Takayuki; Namba, Keiichi

2009-11-11

The bacterial flagellar hook is a short, highly curved tubular structure connecting the rotary motor to the filament acting as a helical propeller. The bending flexibility of the hook allows it to work as a universal joint. A partial atomic model of the hook revealed a sliding intersubunit domain interaction along the protofilament to produce bending flexibility. However, it remained unclear how the tightly packed inner core domains can still permit axial extension and compression. We report advances in cryoEM image analysis for high-resolution, high-throughput structural analysis and a density map of the hook that reveals most of the secondary structures, including the terminal alpha helices forming a coiled coil. The orientations and axial packing interactions of these two alpha helices are distinctly different from those of the filament, allowing them to have a room for axial compression and extension for bending flexibility without impairing the mechanical stability of the hook.

Sorting variables for each case: a new algorithm to calculate injury severity score (ISS) using SPSS-PC.

PubMed

Linn, S

One of the more often used measures of multiple injuries is the injury severity score (ISS). Determination of the ISS is based on the abbreviated injury scale (AIS). This paper suggests a new algorithm to sort the AISs for each case and calculate ISS. The program uses unsorted abbreviated injury scale (AIS) levels for each case and rearranges them in descending order. The first three sorted AISs representing the three most severe injuries of a person are then used to calculate injury severity score (ISS). This algorithm should be useful for analyses of clusters of injuries especially when more patients have multiple injuries.

50 CFR 660.716 - Surface hook-and-line fishery. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Surface hook-and-line fishery. [Reserved] 660.716 Section 660.716 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) FISHERIES OFF WEST COAST STATES...

50 CFR 660.716 - Surface hook-and-line fishery. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Surface hook-and-line fishery. [Reserved] 660.716 Section 660.716 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) FISHERIES OFF WEST COAST STATES...

3. This machine in building #7 plated the hooks used ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. This machine in building #7 plated the hooks used on the cross chains in tire chains, by the 'pean' or mechanical process. This process was replaced when coated wire was introduced. - American Chain & Cable Company, East Princess Street (400 Block), York, York County, PA

Mechanisms of ACL injury in professional rugby union: a systematic video analysis of 36 cases.

PubMed

Montgomery, Connor; Blackburn, Jeff; Withers, Daniel; Tierney, Gregory; Moran, Cathal; Simms, Ciaran

2016-12-30

The mechanisms of ACL injury in rugby are not well defined. To describe the mechanisms of ACL injury in male professional rugby players using systematic video analysis. 36 cases from games played in top professional leagues and international matches were analysed. 5 analysts independently assessed all videos to record the estimated frame/time of initial ground contact, frame/time of ACL tear and a range of play specific variables. This included contact versus non-contact ACL injuries, injury timing, joint flexion angles and foot contact with the ground. 37 side-stepping manoeuvres from a control game were analysed to allow comparison of non-injury versus injury situations. 57% of ACL injuries occurred in a contact manner. 2 main scenarios were identified: (1) offensive running and (2) being tackled, indicating that the ball carrier might be at higher risk of ACL injury. The majority of non-contact ACL injuries resulted from a side-stepping manoeuvre. In most non-contact cases, initial ground contact was through heel strike. Statistical assessment of heel strike at initial ground contact versus non-heel strike cases showed a significant difference in injury versus non-injury outcomes, with heel strike associated with higher injury risk. Non-contact ACL injuries had lower median knee flexion angles and a more dorsiflexed ankle when compared with a control group (10° vs 20°, p≤0.001 and 10° vs 0°, p=0.033 respectively). Over half of ACL injuries in rugby in our analysis resulted from a contact mechanism. For non-contact injuries, lower knee flexion angles and heel-first ground contact in a side-stepping manoeuvre were associated with ACL injury. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Rose Prickles and Asparagus Spines – Different Hook Structures as Attachment Devices in Climbing Plants

PubMed Central

Fiedler, Kathrin

2015-01-01

Functional morphology and biomechanical properties of hook structures functioning as attachment devices in the leaning climbers Rosa arvensis, Rosa arvensis ‘Splendens‘, Asparagus falcatus and Asparagus setaceus are analysed in order to investigate the variability in closely related species as well as convergent developments of hook structure and properties in distant systematic lineages (monocots and dicots). Prickles and spines were characterised by their size, orientation and the maximum force measured at failure in mechanical tests performed with traction forces applied at different angles. In Rosa arvensis and Rosa arvensis ‘Splendens‘ three types of prickles differing largely in geometrical and mechanical properties are identified (prickles of the wild species and two types of prickles in the cultivar). In prickles of Rosa arvensis no particular orientation of the prickle tip is found whereas in the cultivar Rosa arvensis ‘Splendens‘ prickles gradually gain a downward-orientation due to differential growth in the first weeks of their development. Differences in mechanical properties and modes of failure are correlated to geometrical parameters. In Asparagus falcatus and Asparagus setaceus spines are composed of leaf tissue, stem tissue and tissue of the axillary bud. Between species spines differ in size, orientation, distribution along the stem, tissue contributions and mechanical properties. The prickles of Rosa arvensis and its cultivar and the spines of the studied Asparagus species have several traits in common: (1) a gradual change of cell size and cell wall thickness, with larger cells in the centre and smaller thick-walled cells at the periphery of the hooks, (2) occurrence of a diversity of shape and geometry within one individual, (3) failure of single hooks when submitted to moderate mechanical stresses (Fmax/basal area < 35 N/mm²) and (4) failure of the hooks without severe stem damage (at least in the tested wild species). PMID

Fish bone penetration of the duodenum extending into the pancreas: report of a case.

PubMed

Yasuda, Takashi; Kawamura, Shiro; Shimada, Etsuji; Okumura, Shuichi

2010-07-01

We report a case of fish bone penetration of the duodenum extending into the pancreatic head, which was successfully treated by surgery. A 73-year-old woman was admitted with upper abdominal dull pain that had persisted for 3 days. Computed tomography showed a linear calcified body, which appeared to penetrate the posterior wall of the duodenal bulb into the pancreatic head. A laparotomy was performed based on the preoperative diagnosis of localized peritonitis caused by penetration of the duodenum into the pancreas by an ingested foreign body. The foreign body was safely removed from both the pancreas and duodenum and was found to be a fish bone, measuring 4 cm in length. Neither an abscess nor hematoma was detected at the site of the pancreatic head. The postoperative course was uneventful. This case demonstrates an unusual presentation of fish bone penetration of the duodenum with a migration to the pancreas.

Fish induced anaphylactic reaction: report of one case.

PubMed

Lin, H Y; Shyur, S D; Fu, J L; Lai, Y C; Lin, J S

1998-01-01

In the past 2 years, a 4 year-old boy has had an anaphylactic reaction whenever he contacted food prepared with fish. The symptoms included intense itching in the throat and eyes, which progressed to generalized urticaria and facial angioedema. This was accompanied by cough, wheezing and dyspnea. Many fish preparations caused these episodes including several different kinds of fish (cod, tuna, salmon, trout, eel...), fish soup, chopsticks contaminated with fish preparations and canned fish. Elevated levels of total serum IgE (224 IU/ml) and specific IgE for cod (93.1 IU/ml), tuna (> 100 IU/ml), salmon (> 100 IU/ml), trout (64.4 IU/ml), mackerel (41.2 IU/ml) and eel (28.1 IU/ml) were found by the Pharmacia CAP system RAST FEIA in our allergy clinic. A skin prick test for mixed fish extracts (contain flounder, cod and halibut) was positive. A fish challenge test for cod, tuna, salmon, trout and eel all showed anaphylactic reactions. His allergic symptoms stabilized gradually after strictly avoiding ingestion of fish and using drug treatment. He also had a similar anaphylactic reaction to frogs. The best treatment for fish allergy is avoidance. Avoidance of fish may need to include both ingestion and inhalation of cooking vapors.

Plantar-Plate Disruptions: “The Severe Turf-Toe Injury.” Three Cases in Contact Athletes

PubMed Central

Drakos, Mark C.; Fiore, Russell; Murphy, Conor; DiGiovanni, Christopher W.

2015-01-01

Objective: To present 3 cases of plantar-plate rupture and turf-toe injury in contact athletes at 1 university and to discuss appropriate diagnosis and treatment algorithms for each case. Background: Turf toe is a common injury in athletes participating in outdoor cutting sports. However, it has been used as an umbrella term to describe many different injuries of the great toe. In some cases, the injury can be so severe that the plantar plate and sesamoid apparatus may be ruptured. These patients may be better managed with surgery than with traditional nonoperative interventions. Differential Diagnosis: Turf toe, plantar-plate disruption, sesamoid fracture. Treatment: For stable injuries in which the plantar plate is not completely disrupted, nonoperative treatment with casting or a stiff-soled shoe, gradual weight bearing, and rehabilitation is the best practice. Unstable injuries require surgical intervention and plantar-plate repair. Uniqueness: Turf toe and injury to the first metatarsophalangeal joint are relatively common injuries in athletes, but few researchers have detailed the operative and nonoperative treatments of plantar-plate disruption in these patients. We examine 3 cases that occurred over 4 seasons on a collegiate football team. Conclusions: Turf toe represents a wide array of pathologic conditions involving the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Stress and instability testing are key components to assess in determining whether surgical intervention is warranted to restore optimal function. Stiffer-soled shoes or shoes with steel-plate insertions may help to prevent these injuries and are useful tools for protection during the rehabilitation period. PMID:25695855

[Injuries to the duodenum and pancreas in 42 operated cases].

PubMed

Kiss, L; Remescu, A

2001-01-01

42 consecutive patients who sustained injuries to the duodenum or/and pancreas were admitted to our hospital. Over a twenty year period 32 blunt injuries and 10 penetrating injuries were encountered. Penetrating injuries were always suspected and treated by time: following blunt injury diagnostic delay was encountered in 14 patients and insufficient surgical procedure because of intra-operative misinterpretation in 2 patients. Most of the patients had associated intra-abdominal organ injuries. Adjusts to diagnosis such as abdominal roentgenograms, serum amylase levels and gastroduodenography was not helpful. CT scan and ultrasound allowed to confirm the suspected diagnosis in 3 cases only. Intraoperative diagnosis was also challenging. Complete mobilization of the strictures surrounding the duodenum and the pancreas to provide entire exposure was necessary in 12 patients treated first in a peripheral hospital, diagnosis of the injury have been missed at first laparotomy and reoperation was necessary in all of them. Suture closure of the duodenum and drainage of the pancreatic region wee the most common reparative techniques used. More complicated procedures with pancreatic and/or duodenal resection were performed in 12 patients. Overall mortality in patients surviving more than 24 hours was 14%. Suture live dehiscence after delayed operation (4) and 2 deaths due to brain injury.

[Boxing-related cranial injury in children: a case report].

PubMed

Timsit, S; Rougeau, T; Grevent, D; Chéron, G

2012-11-01

No pediatric recommendations exist in France on the exercise of boxing by children and adolescents despite the risk of traumatic injury, sometimes serious. We report the case of a 15-year-old boy who participated in amateur boxing and had a subdural hematoma. Brain injuries and concussions are frequent and multiple. Severity is not always correlated with the intensity of the blows. There are age-related features. Several international medical organizations oppose boxing for children and adolescents. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Stability of coefficients in the Kronecker product of a hook and a rectangle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ballantine, Cristina M.; Hallahan, William T.

2016-02-01

We use recent work of Jonah Blasiak (2012 arXiv:1209.2018) to prove a stability result for the coefficients in the Kronecker product of two Schur functions: one indexed by a hook partition and one indexed by a rectangle partition. We also give nearly sharp bounds for the size of the partition starting with which the Kronecker coefficients are stable. Moreover, we show that once the bound is reached, no new Schur functions appear in the decomposition of Kronecker product. We call this property superstability. Thus, one can recover the Schur decomposition of the Kronecker product from the smallest case in which the superstability holds. The bound for superstability is sharp. Our study of this particular case of the Kronecker product is motivated by its usefulness for the understanding of the quantum Hall effect (Scharf T et al 1994 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen 27 4211-9).

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