Sample records for fr27ja10n transmission loading

  1. 47 CFR 27.1220 - Transmission standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Transmission standards. 27.1220 Section 27.1220 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS... Transmission standards. The width of a channel in the LBS and UBS is 5.5 MHz, with the exception of BRS...

  2. High sensitive FBG load cell for icing of overhead transmission lines

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mao, Naiqiang; Ma, Guoming; Li, Chengrong; Li, Yabo; Shi, Cheng; Du, Yue

    2017-04-01

    Heavy ice coating of overhead transmission lines created the serious threat on the safe operation of power grid. The measurement of conductor icing had been an effective and reliable methods to prevent potential risks, such as conductor breakage, insulator flashover and tower collapse. Because of the advantages of immunity to electromagnetic interference and no demand for power supply in site, the optical load cell has been widely applied in monitoring the ice coating of overhead transmission lines. In this paper, we have adopted the shearing structure with additional grooves as elastic element of load cell to detect the eccentric load. Then, two welding package fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) were mounted onto the grooves of elastic element with a direction deviation of 90° to eliminate temperature effects on strain measurement without extra FBG. After that, to avoid the occurrence of load cell breakage in heavy load measurement, the protection part has been proposed and added to the elastic element. The results of tension experiments indicate that the resolution of the load cell is 7.78 N in the conventional measuring range (0-10 kN). And in addition, the load cell proposed in this paper also has a good performance in actual experiment in which the load and temperature change simultaneously.

  3. Effect of tornado loads on transmission lines

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ishac, M.F.; White, H.B.

    Of all the populated areas in Canada, southwestern Ontario has experienced the highest tornado incidence and faces the greatest tornado damage. About 1 or 2 tornadoes per 10,000 km{sup 2} can be expected there annually. The probability of a tornado strike at a given point is very small but the probability of a transmission line being crossed by a tornado is significant. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature related to tornadoes in Ontario and to investigate the effect of tornado loads on transmission lines. Based on this investigation a design basis tornado loading for transmission towersmore » is proposed.« less

  4. Effect of tornado loads on transmission lines

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ishac, M.F.; White, H.B.

    1994-12-31

    Of all the populated areas in Canada, southwestern Ontario has experienced the highest tornado incidence and faces the greatest tornado damage. About 1 or 2 tornadoes per 10,000 km{sup 2} can be expected there annually. The probability of a tornado strike at a given point is very small but the probability of a transmission line being crossed by a tornado is significant. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature related to tornadoes in Ontario and to investigate the effect of tornado loads on transmission lines. Based on this investigation a design basis tornado loading for transmission towersmore » is proposed.« less

  5. 14 CFR 27.341 - Gust loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Gust loads. 27.341 Section 27.341 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Strength Requirements Flight Loads § 27.341 Gust loads. The rotorcraft...

  6. 14 CFR 27.341 - Gust loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Gust loads. 27.341 Section 27.341 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Strength Requirements Flight Loads § 27.341 Gust loads. The rotorcraft...

  7. 14 CFR 27.1589 - Loading information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Loading information. 27.1589 Section 27.1589 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT... Manual and Approved Manual Material § 27.1589 Loading information. There must be loading instructions for...

  8. 14 CFR 27.1589 - Loading information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loading information. 27.1589 Section 27.1589 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT... Manual and Approved Manual Material § 27.1589 Loading information. There must be loading instructions for...

  9. 14 CFR 27.1589 - Loading information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Loading information. 27.1589 Section 27.1589 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT... Manual and Approved Manual Material § 27.1589 Loading information. There must be loading instructions for...

  10. 14 CFR 27.1589 - Loading information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Loading information. 27.1589 Section 27.1589 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT... Manual and Approved Manual Material § 27.1589 Loading information. There must be loading instructions for...

  11. 14 CFR 27.1589 - Loading information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Loading information. 27.1589 Section 27.1589 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT... Manual and Approved Manual Material § 27.1589 Loading information. There must be loading instructions for...

  12. 14 CFR 27.301 - Loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Loads. 27.301 Section 27.301 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS... placed in equilibrium with inertia forces, considering each item of mass in the rotorcraft. These loads...

  13. 14 CFR 27.301 - Loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Loads. 27.301 Section 27.301 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS... placed in equilibrium with inertia forces, considering each item of mass in the rotorcraft. These loads...

  14. 14 CFR 27.301 - Loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Loads. 27.301 Section 27.301 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS... placed in equilibrium with inertia forces, considering each item of mass in the rotorcraft. These loads...

  15. 14 CFR 27.301 - Loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loads. 27.301 Section 27.301 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS... placed in equilibrium with inertia forces, considering each item of mass in the rotorcraft. These loads...

  16. 14 CFR 27.301 - Loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Loads. 27.301 Section 27.301 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS... placed in equilibrium with inertia forces, considering each item of mass in the rotorcraft. These loads...

  17. Split torque transmission load sharing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Krantz, T. L.; Rashidi, M.; Kish, J. G.

    1992-01-01

    Split torque transmissions are attractive alternatives to conventional planetary designs for helicopter transmissions. The split torque designs can offer lighter weight and fewer parts but have not been used extensively for lack of experience, especially with obtaining proper load sharing. Two split torque designs that use different load sharing methods have been studied. Precise indexing and alignment of the geartrain to produce acceptable load sharing has been demonstrated. An elastomeric torque splitter that has large torsional compliance and damping produces even better load sharing while reducing dynamic transmission error and noise. However, the elastomeric torque splitter as now configured is not capable over the full range of operating conditions of a fielded system. A thrust balancing load sharing device was evaluated. Friction forces that oppose the motion of the balance mechanism are significant. A static analysis suggests increasing the helix angle of the input pinion of the thrust balancing design. Also, dynamic analysis of this design predicts good load sharing and significant torsional response to accumulative pitch errors of the gears.

  18. 14 CFR 27.427 - Unsymmetrical loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Unsymmetrical loads. 27.427 Section 27.427 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Strength Requirements Control Surface and System Loads § 27.427...

  19. 14 CFR 133.27 - Availability, transfer, and surrender of certificate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... certificate. 133.27 Section 133.27 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD OPERATIONS Certification Rules § 133.27 Availability, transfer, and surrender of..., 1964, as amended by Amdt. 133-9, 51 FR 40708, Nov. 7, 1986; Amdt. 133-11, 54 FR 39294, Sept. 25, 1989] ...

  20. 14 CFR 27.337 - Limit maneuvering load factor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Limit maneuvering load factor. 27.337 Section 27.337 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Strength Requirements Flight Loads § 27.337...

  1. Regulation of Synaptic Transmission by RAB-3 and RAB-27 in Caenorhabditis elegans

    PubMed Central

    Mahoney, Timothy R.; Liu, Qiang; Itoh, Takashi; Luo, Shuo; Hadwiger, Gayla; Vincent, Rose; Wang, Zhao-Wen; Fukuda, Mitsunori

    2006-01-01

    Rab small GTPases are involved in the transport of vesicles between different membranous organelles. RAB-3 is an exocytic Rab that plays a modulatory role in synaptic transmission. Unexpectedly, mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans RAB-3 exchange factor homologue, aex-3, cause a more severe synaptic transmission defect as well as a defecation defect not seen in rab-3 mutants. We hypothesized that AEX-3 may regulate a second Rab that regulates these processes with RAB-3. We found that AEX-3 regulates another exocytic Rab, RAB-27. Here, we show that C. elegans RAB-27 is localized to synapse-rich regions pan-neuronally and is also expressed in intestinal cells. We identify aex-6 alleles as containing mutations in rab-27. Interestingly, aex-6 mutants exhibit the same defecation defect as aex-3 mutants. aex-6; rab-3 double mutants have behavioral and pharmacological defects similar to aex-3 mutants. In addition, we demonstrate that RBF-1 (rabphilin) is an effector of RAB-27. Therefore, our work demonstrates that AEX-3 regulates both RAB-3 and RAB-27, that both RAB-3 and RAB-27 regulate synaptic transmission, and that RAB-27 potentially acts through its effector RBF-1 to promote soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) function. PMID:16571673

  2. Experimental Study of Split-Path Transmission Load Sharing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Krantz, Timothy L.; Delgado, Irebert R.

    1996-01-01

    Split-path transmissions are promising, attractive alternatives to the common planetary transmissions for helicopters. The split-path design offers two parallel paths for transmitting torque from the engine to the rotor. Ideally, the transmitted torque is shared equally between the two load paths; however, because of manufacturing tolerances, the design must be sized to allow for other than equal load sharing. To study the effect of tolerances, experiments were conducted using the NASA split-path test gearbox. Two gearboxes, nominally identical except for manufacturing tolerances, were tested. The clocking angle was considered to be a design parameter and used to adjust the load sharing of an otherwise fixed design. The torque carried in each path was measured for a matrix of input torques and clocking angles. The data were used to determine the optimal value and a tolerance for the clocking angles such that the most heavily loaded split path carried no greater than 53 percent of an input shaft torque of 367 N-m. The range of clocking angles satisfying this condition was -0.0012 +/- 0.0007 rad for box 1 and -0.0023 +/- 0.0009 rad for box 2. This study indicates that split-path gearboxes can be used successfully in rotorcraft and can be manufactured with existing technology.

  3. 14 CFR 27.1027 - Transmissions and gearboxes: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Transmissions and gearboxes: General. 27... Transmissions and gearboxes: General. (a) The lubrication system for components of the rotor drive system that...) to ensure lubrication during autorotation. (b) Pressure lubrication systems for transmissions and...

  4. 14 CFR 27.1027 - Transmissions and gearboxes: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Transmissions and gearboxes: General. 27... Transmissions and gearboxes: General. (a) The lubrication system for components of the rotor drive system that...) to ensure lubrication during autorotation. (b) Pressure lubrication systems for transmissions and...

  5. 14 CFR 27.1027 - Transmissions and gearboxes: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Transmissions and gearboxes: General. 27... Transmissions and gearboxes: General. (a) The lubrication system for components of the rotor drive system that...) to ensure lubrication during autorotation. (b) Pressure lubrication systems for transmissions and...

  6. 14 CFR 27.1027 - Transmissions and gearboxes: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Transmissions and gearboxes: General. 27... Transmissions and gearboxes: General. (a) The lubrication system for components of the rotor drive system that...) to ensure lubrication during autorotation. (b) Pressure lubrication systems for transmissions and...

  7. 75 FR 62023 - Transmission Planning and Cost Allocation by Transmission Owning and Operating Public Utilities

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-07

    ...] Transmission Planning and Cost Allocation by Transmission Owning and Operating Public Utilities September 29... (75 FR 37884) proposing to amend the transmission planning and cost allocation requirements... transmission needs driven by public policy requirements established by state or federal laws or regulations...

  8. 10 CFR 10.27 - Prehearing proceedings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Prehearing proceedings. 10.27 Section 10.27 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION CRITERIA AND PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING ELIGIBILITY FOR ACCESS TO RESTRICTED DATA OR NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION OR AN EMPLOYMENT CLEARANCE Procedures § 10.27 Prehearing proceedings. (a...

  9. 10 CFR 10.27 - Prehearing proceedings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Prehearing proceedings. 10.27 Section 10.27 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION CRITERIA AND PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING ELIGIBILITY FOR ACCESS TO RESTRICTED DATA OR NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION OR AN EMPLOYMENT CLEARANCE Procedures § 10.27 Prehearing proceedings. (a...

  10. 10 CFR 10.27 - Prehearing proceedings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Prehearing proceedings. 10.27 Section 10.27 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION CRITERIA AND PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING ELIGIBILITY FOR ACCESS TO RESTRICTED DATA OR NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION OR AN EMPLOYMENT CLEARANCE Procedures § 10.27 Prehearing proceedings. (a...

  11. 10 CFR 10.27 - Prehearing proceedings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Prehearing proceedings. 10.27 Section 10.27 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION CRITERIA AND PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING ELIGIBILITY FOR ACCESS TO RESTRICTED DATA OR NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION OR AN EMPLOYMENT CLEARANCE Procedures § 10.27 Prehearing proceedings. (a...

  12. 10 CFR 10.27 - Prehearing proceedings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Prehearing proceedings. 10.27 Section 10.27 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION CRITERIA AND PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING ELIGIBILITY FOR ACCESS TO RESTRICTED DATA OR NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION OR AN EMPLOYMENT CLEARANCE Procedures § 10.27 Prehearing proceedings. (a...

  13. Antiretroviral treatment, viral load of mothers & perinatal HIV transmission in Mumbai, India

    PubMed Central

    Ahir, Swati P.; Chavan, V.; Kerkar, S.; Samant-Mavani, P.; Nanavati, R.; Mehta, P.R.; Mania-Pramanik, J.

    2013-01-01

    Background & objectives: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the most significant route of HIV transmission in children below the age of 15 yr. In India, perinatal HIV transmission, even after treatment, accounts for 5.4 per cent of HIV cases. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of anti-retro viral therapy (ART) or prophylactic treatment (PT) to control maternal viral load in HIV positive women, and its effect on vertical HIV transmission to their infants. Methods: A total of 58 HIV positive women were enrolled at the time of delivery and their plasma samples were obtained within 24 h of delivery for estimation of viral load. Viral load analysis was completed in 38 women. Infants received single dose nevirapine within 2 h of birth and zidovudine for 6 wk. At the end of 18 month follow up, HIV positive or negative status was available in 28 infants. Results: Results revealed undetectable levels of viral load in 58.3 per cent of women with ART compared to 30.7 per cent of women with PT. No women on ART had viral load more than 10,000 copies/ml, whereas seven (26.9%, P=0.07) women receiving PT had this viral load. Median CD4 count of women on PT (483 cells/μl) was high compared to the women on ART (289 cells/ μl). At the end of 18 months follow up, only two children were HIV positive, whose mothers were on PT. One had in utero transmission; infection detected within 48 h of delivery, while the other child was infected post partum as HIV was detected at six months follow up. Interpretation & conclusions: Women who received a single dose of nevirapine during delivery had higher levels of viral load than women on ART. Combination drug therapy for pregnant women is now a standard of care in most of the western countries; use of nevirapine monotherapy at the time of delivery in our settings is not effective in controlling viral load. This highlights initiation of ART in pregnant women to control their viral load and thus to inhibit mother to child

  14. 76 FR 30869 - Promoting Transmission Investment Through Pricing Reform

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-27

    ...] Promoting Transmission Investment Through Pricing Reform May 19, 2011. AGENCY: Federal Energy Regulatory... investment in over $50 billion in proposed transmission infrastructure to ensure reliability or to reduce the... varied. \\1\\ Promoting Transmission Investment through Pricing Reform, Order No. 679, 71 FR 43294 (Jul. 31...

  15. 14 CFR 27.337 - Limit maneuvering load factor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Limit maneuvering load factor. 27.337... Limit maneuvering load factor. The rotorcraft must be designed for— (a) A limit maneuvering load factor... load factor not less than 2.0 and any negative limit maneuvering load factor of not less than −0.5 for...

  16. 47 CFR 73.6023 - Distributed transmission systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Distributed transmission systems. 73.6023... distributed transmission system. [73 FR 74064, Dec. 5, 2008] ... RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Class A Television Broadcast Stations § 73.6023 Distributed transmission...

  17. 14 CFR 27.681 - Limit load static tests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Design and Construction Control Systems § 27.681 Limit load... which— (1) The direction of the test loads produces the most severe loading in the control system; and... requirements for control system joints subject to angular motion. ...

  18. 75 FR 30029 - Federal Open Market Committee; Domestic Policy Directive of April 27 and 28, 2010

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-28

    ... F. Madigan, Secretary, Federal Open Market Committee. [FR Doc. 2010-12955 Filed 5-27-10; 8:45 am... FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM Federal Open Market Committee; Domestic Policy Directive of April 27 and 28...), there is set forth below the domestic policy directive issued by the Federal Open Market Committee at...

  19. Mechanochemical solvent-free in situ synthesis of drug-loaded {Cu2(1,4-bdc)2(dabco)}n MOFs for controlled drug delivery

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nadizadeh, Zahra; Naimi-Jamal, M. Reza; Panahi, Leila

    2018-03-01

    In the present study, ibuprofen-loaded nano metal-organic frameworks (NMOFs) {Cu2(1,4-bdc)2(dabco)}n and {Cu2(1,4-bdc-NH2)2(dabco)}n (bdc=benzenedicarboxylic acid, and dabco=diazabicyclooctane) were synthesized by ball-milling at room temperature in 2 h. The produced drug-loaded Cu-NMOFs were studied as ibuprofen drug delivery system and exhibited well-defined drug release behavior, exceptionally high drug loading capacities and the ability to entrap the model drug. The loading efficiency for ibuprofen was determined about 50.54% and 50.27%, respectively. The drug release of NMOFs was also monitored, and all of the loaded drug was released in 1 day. The NMOFs were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), UV-vis spectroscopy and N2 adsorption porosimetry (BET&BJH).

  20. 76 FR 65653 - New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) Review

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-24

    ..., PM 2.5 , PM 10 ), nitrogen oxides (NO X ), carbon monoxide (CO), lead (Pb), volatile organic... Refineries Ja 06/24/2008 (73FR35867) 12/22/2008 \\4\\ (73FR78552) (Stay) Phosphate Fertilizers--Diammonium V 08/06/1975 (40FR33155) 10/17/2000 3 4 (65FR61757) Phosphate Plants. Phosphate Fertilizers--Granular X 08...

  1. 77 FR 26714 - Transmission Planning Reliability Standards

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-07

    ... non-consequential load loss that satisfies the relevant Commission's directives in Order No. 693 and... that would allow a transmission planner to plan for non-consequential load loss following a single...), footnote 12 that would allow a transmission planner to plan for ``non-consequential load loss,'' i.e., load...

  2. Computerized counseling reduces HIV-1 viral load and sexual transmission risk: findings from a randomized controlled trial.

    PubMed

    Kurth, Ann E; Spielberg, Freya; Cleland, Charles M; Lambdin, Barrot; Bangsberg, David R; Frick, Pamela A; Severynen, Anneleen O; Clausen, Marc; Norman, Robert G; Lockhart, David; Simoni, Jane M; Holmes, King K

    2014-04-15

    Evaluate a computerized intervention supporting antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and HIV transmission prevention. Longitudinal randomized controlled trial. An academic HIV clinic and a community-based organization in Seattle. In a total of 240 HIV-positive adults on ART, 209 completed 9-month follow-up (87% retention). Randomization to computerized counseling or assessment only, 4 sessions over 9 months. HIV-1 viral suppression, and self-reported ART adherence and transmission risks, compared using generalized estimating equations. Overall, intervention participants had reduced viral load: mean 0.17 log10 decline, versus 0.13 increase in controls, P = 0.053, and significant difference in ART adherence baseline to 9 months (P = 0.046). Their sexual transmission risk behaviors decreased (odds ratio = 0.55, P = 0.020), a reduction not seen among controls (odds ratio = 1.1, P = 0.664), and a significant difference in change (P = 0.040). Intervention effect was driven by those most in need; among those with detectable virus at baseline (>30 copies/mL, n = 89), intervention effect was mean 0.60 log10 viral load decline versus 0.15 increase in controls, P = 0.034. ART adherence at the final follow-up was 13 points higher among intervention participants versus controls, P = 0.038. Computerized counseling is promising for integrated ART adherence and safer sex, especially for individuals with problems in these areas. This is the first intervention to report improved ART adherence, viral suppression, and reduced secondary sexual transmission risk behavior.

  3. 14 CFR 27.681 - Limit load static tests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Design and Construction Control Systems § 27.681 Limit load... which— (1) The direction of the test loads produces the most severe loading in the control system; and (2) Each fitting, pulley, and bracket used in attaching the system to the main structure is included...

  4. 75 FR 18253 - Aviation Proceedings, Agreements Filed the Week Ending March 27, 2010

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-09

    ... Week Ending March 27, 2010 The following Agreements were filed with the Department of Transportation... procedures governing proceedings to enforce these provisions. Answers may be filed within 21 days after the.... [FR Doc. 2010-8110 Filed 4-8-10; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910-9X-P ...

  5. The Reusable Load Cell with Protection Applied for Online Monitoring of Overhead Transmission Lines Based on Fiber Bragg Grating

    PubMed Central

    Ma, Guoming; Mao, Naiqiang; Li, Yabo; Jiang, Jun; Zhou, Hongyang; Li, Chengrong

    2016-01-01

    Heavy ice coating of high–voltage overhead transmission lines may lead to conductor breakage and tower collapse causing the unexpected interrupt of power supply. The optical load cell applied in ice monitoring systems is immune to electromagnetic interference and has no need of a power supply on site. Therefore, it has become a hot research topic in China and other countries. In this paper, to solve the problem of eccentric load in measurement, we adopt the shearing structure with additional grooves to improve the strain distribution and acquire good repeatability. Then, the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with a permanent weldable package are mounted onto the front/rear groove of the elastic element by spot welding, the direction deviation of FBGs is 90° from each other to achieve temperature compensation without an extra FBG. After that, protection parts are designed to guarantee high sensitivity for a light load condition and industrial safety under a heavy load up to 65 kN. The results of tension experiments indicate that the sensitivity and resolution of the load cell is 0.1285 pm/N and 7.782 N in the conventional measuring range (0–10 kN). Heavy load tension experiments prove that the protection structure works and the sensitivity and resolution are not changed after several high load (65 kN) cycles. In addition, the experiment shows that the resolution of the sensor is 87.79 N in the large load range, allowing the parameter to be used in heavy icing monitoring. PMID:27338403

  6. Load Transmission Through Artificial Hip Joints due to Stress Wave Loading

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tanabe, Y.; Uchiyama, T.; Yamaoka, H.; Ohashi, H.

    Since wear of the polyethylene (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene or UHMWPE) acetabular cup is considered to be the main cause of loosening of the artificial hip joint, the cross-linked UHMWPE with high durability to wear has been developed. This paper deals with impact load transmission through the complex of an artificial hip joint consisting of a UHMWPE acetabular cup (or liner), a metallic femoral head and stem. Impact compressive tests on the complex were performed using the split-Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus. To investigate the effects of material (conventional or cross-linked UHMWPE), size and setting angle of the liner, and test temperature on force transmission, the impact load transmission ratio (ILTR) was experimentally determined. The ILTR decreased with an increase of the setting angle independent of material and size of the liner, and test temperature. The ILTR values at 37°C were larger than those at 24 °C and 60°C. The ILTR also appeared to be affected by the type of material as well as size of the liner.

  7. 43 CFR 27.10 - Hearings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Hearings. 27.10 Section 27.10 Public Lands... PUBLIC LAW 93-153 § 27.10 Hearings. (a) Informal hearings—(1) Purpose. The Department Compliance Officer may convene such informal hearings as may be deemed appropriate for the purpose of inquiring into the...

  8. 43 CFR 27.10 - Hearings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Hearings. 27.10 Section 27.10 Public Lands... PUBLIC LAW 93-153 § 27.10 Hearings. (a) Informal hearings—(1) Purpose. The Department Compliance Officer may convene such informal hearings as may be deemed appropriate for the purpose of inquiring into the...

  9. Effects of patient load and travel distance on HIV transmission in rural China: Implications for treatment as prevention.

    PubMed

    Smith, M Kumi; Miller, William C; Liu, Huixin; Ning, Chuanyi; He, Wensheng; Cohen, Myron S; Wang, Ning

    2017-01-01

    Sustained viral suppression through ART reduces sexual HIV transmission risk, but may require routine access to reliable and effective medical care which may be difficult to obtain in resource constrained areas. We investigated the roles of patient load and travel distance to HIV care clinic on transmission risk in HIV serodiscordant couples in Henan Province, China. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare HIV transmission events across couples living near, medium, or farther distances from their assigned HIV care clinics, as well as those attending clinics where clinicians bore high versus low patient loads. Most (84·4%) of the 3695 serodiscordant couples lived within 10 kilometers of their assigned HIV clinic, and most (73·5%) attended clinics with patient-to-provider ratios of at least 100:1. In adjusted Cox models, attending clinics where clinicians bore average patient loads of 100 or more elevated HIV transmission risk (aHR, 1·50, 95% CI, 1·00-4·84), an effect amplified in village tier clinics (aHR = 1·55; 95% CI, 1·23-6·78). Travel distance was associated with HIV transmission only after stratification; traveling medium distances to village clinics (5-10km) increased transmission risk (aHR = 1·83, 95% CI, 1·04-3·21) whereas traveling longer distances to township or county level clinics lowered transmission risk (aHR = 0·10, 95% CI, 0·01-0·75). Higher patient loads at HIV clinics was associated with risk of HIV transmission in our population, particularly at village level clinics. Farther travel distance had divergent effects based on clinic tier, suggesting unique mechanisms operating across levels of resource availability. The resource intensity of long-term HIV treatment may place significant strains on small rural clinics, for which investments in additional support staff or time-saving tools such as point-of-care laboratory testing may bring about impactful change in treatment outcomes.

  10. 27 CFR 45.24 - Interference with administration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Interference with administration. Whoever, corruptly or by force or threats of force, endeavors to hinder or... U.S.C. 7212) [27 FR 4476, May 10, 1962. Redesignated at 40 FR 16835, Apr. 15, 1975, as amended by T...

  11. 27 CFR 45.24 - Interference with administration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Interference with administration. Whoever, corruptly or by force or threats of force, endeavors to hinder or... U.S.C. 7212) [27 FR 4476, May 10, 1962. Redesignated at 40 FR 16835, Apr. 15, 1975, as amended by T...

  12. Active transmission isolation/rotor loads measurement system

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kenigsberg, I. J.; Defelice, J. J.

    1973-01-01

    Modifications were incorporated into a helicopter active transmission isolation system to provide the capability of utilizing the system as a rotor force measuring device. These included; (1) isolator redesign to improve operation and minimize friction, (2) installation of pressure transducers in each isolator, and (3) load cells in series with each torque restraint link. Full scale vibration tests performed during this study on a CH-53A helicopter airframe verified that these modifications do not degrade the systems wide band isolation characteristics. Bench tests performed on each isolator unit indicated that steady and transient loads can be measured to within 1 percent of applied load. Individual isolator vibratory load measurement accuracy was determined to be 4 percent. Load measurement accuracy was found to be independent of variations in all basic isolator operating characteristics. Full scale system load calibration tests on the CH-53A airframe established the feasibility of simultaneously providing wide band vibration isolation and accurate measurement of rotor loads. Principal rotor loads (lift, propulsive force, and torque) were measured to within 2 percent of applied load.

  13. 17 CFR 274.302 - Form N-27I-1, notice of right of withdrawal and refund for variable life insurance...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... of withdrawal and refund for variable life insurance contractholders required pursuant to Rule 6e-2... for Exemptions § 274.302 Form N-27I-1, notice of right of withdrawal and refund for variable life insurance contractholders required pursuant to Rule 6e-2 (§ 270.6e-2 of this chapter). [41 FR 47032, Oct. 27...

  14. 31 CFR 10.27 - Fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Fees. 10.27 Section 10.27 Money and... Duties and Restrictions Relating to Practice Before the Internal Revenue Service § 10.27 Fees. (a) In general. A practitioner may not charge an unconscionable fee in connection with any matter before the...

  15. 47 CFR 27.10 - Regulatory status.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Regulatory status. 27.10 Section 27.10 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Applications and Licenses § 27.10 Regulatory status. The following rules apply concerning...

  16. 47 CFR 27.10 - Regulatory status.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Regulatory status. 27.10 Section 27.10 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Applications and Licenses § 27.10 Regulatory status. The following rules apply concerning...

  17. Load speed regulation in compliant mechanical transmission systems using feedback and feedforward control actions.

    PubMed

    Raul, P R; Dwivedula, R V; Pagilla, P R

    2016-07-01

    The problem of controlling the load speed of a mechanical transmission system consisting of a belt-pulley and gear-pair is considered. The system is modeled as two inertia (motor and load) connected by a compliant transmission. If the transmission is assumed to be rigid, then using either the motor or load speed feedback provides the same result. However, with transmission compliance, due to belts or long shafts, the stability characteristics and performance of the closed-loop system are quite different when either motor or load speed feedback is employed. We investigate motor and load speed feedback schemes by utilizing the singular perturbation method. We propose and discuss a control scheme that utilizes both motor and load speed feedback, and design an adaptive feedforward action to reject load torque disturbances. The control algorithms are implemented on an experimental platform that is typically used in roll-to-roll manufacturing and results are shown and discussed. Copyright © 2016 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. 49 CFR 10.27 - Government contractors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Government contractors. 10.27 Section 10.27 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation MAINTENANCE OF AND ACCESS TO RECORDS PERTAINING TO INDIVIDUALS Maintenance of Records § 10.27 Government contractors. When the Department provides by a contract...

  19. 49 CFR 10.27 - Government contractors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Government contractors. 10.27 Section 10.27 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation MAINTENANCE OF AND ACCESS TO RECORDS PERTAINING TO INDIVIDUALS Maintenance of Records § 10.27 Government contractors. When the Department provides by a contract...

  20. 49 CFR 10.27 - Government contractors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Government contractors. 10.27 Section 10.27 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation MAINTENANCE OF AND ACCESS TO RECORDS PERTAINING TO INDIVIDUALS Maintenance of Records § 10.27 Government contractors. When the Department provides by a contract...

  1. 49 CFR 10.27 - Government contractors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Government contractors. 10.27 Section 10.27 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation MAINTENANCE OF AND ACCESS TO RECORDS PERTAINING TO INDIVIDUALS Maintenance of Records § 10.27 Government contractors. When the Department provides by a contract...

  2. 49 CFR 10.27 - Government contractors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Government contractors. 10.27 Section 10.27... INDIVIDUALS Maintenance of Records § 10.27 Government contractors. When the Department provides by a contract..., Criminal Penalties, any such contractor and any employee of the contractor are considered, in accordance...

  3. A Method to Analyze and Optimize the Load Sharing of Split Path Transmissions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Krantz, Timothy L.

    1996-01-01

    Split-path transmissions are promising alternatives to the common planetary transmissions for rotorcraft. Heretofore, split-path designs proposed for or used in rotorcraft have featured load-sharing devices that add undesirable weight and complexity to the designs. A method was developed to analyze and optimize the load sharing in split-path transmissions without load-sharing devices. The method uses the clocking angle as a design parameter to optimize for equal load sharing. In addition, the clocking angle tolerance necessary to maintain acceptable load sharing can be calculated. The method evaluates the effects of gear-shaft twisting and bending, tooth bending, Hertzian deformations within bearings, and movement of bearing supports on load sharing. It was used to study the NASA split-path test gearbox and the U.S. Army's Comanche helicopter main rotor gearbox. Acceptable load sharing was found to be achievable and maintainable by using proven manufacturing processes. The analytical results compare favorably to available experimental data.

  4. Immune-expression of HSP27 and IL-10 in recurrent aphthous ulceration.

    PubMed

    Miyamoto, Nelson T; Borra, Ricardo Carneiro; Abreu, Marilda; Weckx, Luc Louis Maurice; Franco, Marcello

    2008-09-01

    Recently, abnormal cellular immune response has been considered responsible for the oral lesion in the recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU). For reasons not yet defined, antigens of the oral microbiota would trigger abnormal Th1 immune response against epithelial cells. On the other hand, studies have demonstrated that heat shock proteins (HSP) can block the production of proinflammatory cytokine through inhibition of NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways or activate anti-inflammatory cytokines and therefore control the magnitude of the immune response. HSP27 has been considered a powerful inductor of IL-10, a major inhibitor of Th1 response. Using immunohistochemistry, we studied the expression and location of HSP27 and IL-10 in ulcerated lesions clinically diagnosed as RAU (n = 27) and to compare it with that of oral clinically normal mucosa (CT; n = 6) and of other inflammatory chronic diseases such as oral fibrous inflammatory hyperplasia (FIH; n = 18), Crohn's disease (CD; n = 10) and ulcerative colitis (UC; n = 9). A lower proportion of HSP27-positive epithelial cells in RAU and CD were observed when compared with CT and FIH (P < 0.001**; P = 0.013**). A lower proportion of IL-10-positive interstitial cells in RAU was observed when compared with FIH, UC, CT and CD (P < 0.001**; P < 0.001**; P < 0.001**; P = 0.034*). Altogether the data suggest that a reduced cellular expression of HSP27 and IL-10 in RAU might be related with the aetiopathogenesis of the ulcerated oral lesions.

  5. 10 CFR 54.27 - Hearings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Hearings. 54.27 Section 54.27 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY... Provisions § 54.27 Hearings. A notice of an opportunity for a hearing will be published in the Federal Register in accordance with 10 CFR 2.105. In the absence of a request for a hearing filed within 30 days by...

  6. 27 CFR 10.1 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false General. 10.1 Section 10.1... TREASURY LIQUORS COMMERCIAL BRIBERY Scope of Regulations § 10.1 General. The regulations in this part, issued pursuant to section 105 of the Federal Alcohol Administration Act (27 U.S.C. 205), specify...

  7. Low load for disruptive mutations in autism genes and their biased transmission

    PubMed Central

    Iossifov, Ivan; Levy, Dan; Allen, Jeremy; Ye, Kenny; Ronemus, Michael; Lee, Yoon-ha; Yamrom, Boris; Wigler, Michael

    2015-01-01

    We previously computed that genes with de novo (DN) likely gene-disruptive (LGD) mutations in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have high vulnerability: disruptive mutations in many of these genes, the vulnerable autism genes, will have a high likelihood of resulting in ASD. Because individuals with ASD have lower fecundity, such mutations in autism genes would be under strong negative selection pressure. An immediate prediction is that these genes will have a lower LGD load than typical genes in the human gene pool. We confirm this hypothesis in an explicit test by measuring the load of disruptive mutations in whole-exome sequence databases from two cohorts. We use information about mutational load to show that lower and higher intelligence quotients (IQ) affected individuals can be distinguished by the mutational load in their respective gene targets, as well as to help prioritize gene targets by their likelihood of being autism genes. Moreover, we demonstrate that transmission of rare disruptions in genes with a lower LGD load occurs more often to affected offspring; we show transmission originates most often from the mother, and transmission of such variants is seen more often in offspring with lower IQ. A surprising proportion of transmission of these rare events comes from genes expressed in the embryonic brain that show sharply reduced expression shortly after birth. PMID:26401017

  8. A Hybrid LCC-VSC HVDC Transmission System Supplying a Passive Load

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kotb, Omar

    High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission systems continue to be an excellent asset in modern power systems, mainly for their ability to overcome the problems of AC transmission, such as the interconnection of asynchronous grids, stability of long transmission lines, and use of long cables for power transmission. In the past 20 years, Voltage Source Converter (VSC)-HVDC transmission systems were developed and installed in many projects, thereby adding more operational benefits to DC transmission option, such as high controllability, ability to supply weak networks, and reduced converter reactive power demand. Nevertheless, VSC-HVDC transmission suffers from the disadvantages of high losses and cost. In this research, a hybrid HVDC employing a Line Commutated Converter (LCC) as rectifier and a VSC as inverter is used to supply a passive network through a DC cable. The hybrid system is best suited for unidirectional power transmission scenarios, such as power transmission to islands and remote load centers, where the construction of new transmission lines is prohibitively expensive. Control modes for the rectifier and inverter are selected and implemented using Proportional Integral (PI) controllers. Special control schemes are developed for abnormal operating conditions such as starting at light load and recovering from AC network faults. The system performance under steady state and transient conditions is investigated by EMTP-RV simulations. The results show the feasibility of the hybrid system.

  9. A Beacon Transmission Power Control Algorithm Based on Wireless Channel Load Forecasting in VANETs.

    PubMed

    Mo, Yuanfu; Yu, Dexin; Song, Jun; Zheng, Kun; Guo, Yajuan

    2015-01-01

    In a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), the periodic exchange of single-hop status information broadcasts (beacon frames) produces channel loading, which causes channel congestion and induces information conflict problems. To guarantee fairness in beacon transmissions from each node and maximum network connectivity, adjustment of the beacon transmission power is an effective method for reducing and preventing channel congestion. In this study, the primary factors that influence wireless channel loading are selected to construct the KF-BCLF, which is a channel load forecasting algorithm based on a recursive Kalman filter and employs multiple regression equation. By pre-adjusting the transmission power based on the forecasted channel load, the channel load was kept within a predefined range; therefore, channel congestion was prevented. Based on this method, the CLF-BTPC, which is a transmission power control algorithm, is proposed. To verify KF-BCLF algorithm, a traffic survey method that involved the collection of floating car data along a major traffic road in Changchun City is employed. By comparing this forecast with the measured channel loads, the proposed KF-BCLF algorithm was proven to be effective. In addition, the CLF-BTPC algorithm is verified by simulating a section of eight-lane highway and a signal-controlled urban intersection. The results of the two verification process indicate that this distributed CLF-BTPC algorithm can effectively control channel load, prevent channel congestion, and enhance the stability and robustness of wireless beacon transmission in a vehicular network.

  10. A Beacon Transmission Power Control Algorithm Based on Wireless Channel Load Forecasting in VANETs

    PubMed Central

    Mo, Yuanfu; Yu, Dexin; Song, Jun; Zheng, Kun; Guo, Yajuan

    2015-01-01

    In a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), the periodic exchange of single-hop status information broadcasts (beacon frames) produces channel loading, which causes channel congestion and induces information conflict problems. To guarantee fairness in beacon transmissions from each node and maximum network connectivity, adjustment of the beacon transmission power is an effective method for reducing and preventing channel congestion. In this study, the primary factors that influence wireless channel loading are selected to construct the KF-BCLF, which is a channel load forecasting algorithm based on a recursive Kalman filter and employs multiple regression equation. By pre-adjusting the transmission power based on the forecasted channel load, the channel load was kept within a predefined range; therefore, channel congestion was prevented. Based on this method, the CLF-BTPC, which is a transmission power control algorithm, is proposed. To verify KF-BCLF algorithm, a traffic survey method that involved the collection of floating car data along a major traffic road in Changchun City is employed. By comparing this forecast with the measured channel loads, the proposed KF-BCLF algorithm was proven to be effective. In addition, the CLF-BTPC algorithm is verified by simulating a section of eight-lane highway and a signal-controlled urban intersection. The results of the two verification process indicate that this distributed CLF-BTPC algorithm can effectively control channel load, prevent channel congestion, and enhance the stability and robustness of wireless beacon transmission in a vehicular network. PMID:26571042

  11. The design and analysis of single flank transmission error testor for loaded gears

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Houser, D. R.; Bassett, D. E.

    1985-01-01

    Due to geometrical imperfections in gears and finite tooth stiffnesses, the motion transmitted from an input gear shaft to an output gear shaft will not have conjugate action. In order to strengthen the understanding of transmission error and to verify mathematical models of gear transmission error, a test stand that will measure the transmission error of a gear pair at operating loads, but at reduced speeds would be desirable. This document describes the design and development of a loaded transmission error tester. For a gear box with a gear ratio of one, few tooth meshing combinations will occur during a single test. In order to observe the effects of different tooth mesh combinations and to increase the ability to load test gear pairs with higher gear ratios, the system was designed around a gear box with a gear ratio of two.

  12. 38 CFR 10.27 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... used herein refers to the World War Adjusted Compensation Act, as amended; the word Veteran refers to... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 10.27 Section 10.27 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS ADJUSTED COMPENSATION...

  13. 38 CFR 10.27 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... used herein refers to the World War Adjusted Compensation Act, as amended; the word Veteran refers to... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Definitions. 10.27 Section 10.27 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS ADJUSTED COMPENSATION...

  14. 38 CFR 10.27 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... used herein refers to the World War Adjusted Compensation Act, as amended; the word Veteran refers to... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Definitions. 10.27 Section 10.27 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS ADJUSTED COMPENSATION...

  15. 38 CFR 10.27 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... used herein refers to the World War Adjusted Compensation Act, as amended; the word Veteran refers to... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Definitions. 10.27 Section 10.27 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS ADJUSTED COMPENSATION...

  16. 38 CFR 10.27 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... used herein refers to the World War Adjusted Compensation Act, as amended; the word Veteran refers to... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definitions. 10.27 Section 10.27 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS ADJUSTED COMPENSATION...

  17. 46 CFR 27.102 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Street, Suite 10, Annapolis, MD 21403 H-25-1986—Portable Fuel Systems for Flammable Liquids 27.211 H-33... Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 SAE J1475-1984—Hydraulic Hose Fitting for Marine Applications 27.211 SAE J1942-1989—Hose and Hose Assemblies for Marine Applications 27.211 [USCG-2000-6931, 69 FR...

  18. The design and analysis of single flank transmission error tester for loaded gears

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bassett, Duane E.; Houser, Donald R.

    1987-01-01

    To strengthen the understanding of gear transmission error and to verify mathematical models which predict them, a test stand that will measure the transmission error of gear pairs under design loads has been investigated. While most transmission error testers have been used to test gear pairs under unloaded conditions, the goal of this report was to design and perform dynamic analysis of a unique tester with the capability of measuring the transmission error of gears under load. This test stand will have the capability to continuously load a gear pair at torques up to 16,000 in-lb at shaft speeds from 0 to 5 rpm. Error measurement will be accomplished with high resolution optical encoders and the accompanying signal processing unit from an existing unloaded transmission error tester. Input power to the test gear box will be supplied by a dc torque motor while the load will be applied with a similar torque motor. A dual input, dual output control system will regulate the speed and torque of the system. This control system's accuracy and dynamic response were analyzed and it was determined that proportional plus derivative speed control is needed in order to provide the precisely constant torque necessary for error-free measurement.

  19. 46 CFR 188.10-27 - Flammable liquid.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Flammable liquid. 188.10-27 Section 188.10-27 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-27 Flammable liquid. This term includes any...

  20. 46 CFR 188.10-27 - Flammable liquid.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Flammable liquid. 188.10-27 Section 188.10-27 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-27 Flammable liquid. This term includes any...

  1. 46 CFR 188.10-27 - Flammable liquid.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Flammable liquid. 188.10-27 Section 188.10-27 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-27 Flammable liquid. This term includes any...

  2. 46 CFR 188.10-27 - Flammable liquid.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Flammable liquid. 188.10-27 Section 188.10-27 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-27 Flammable liquid. This term includes any...

  3. 46 CFR 188.10-27 - Flammable liquid.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Flammable liquid. 188.10-27 Section 188.10-27 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-27 Flammable liquid. This term includes any...

  4. 10 CFR 55.27 - Documentation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Documentation. 55.27 Section 55.27 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) OPERATORS' LICENSES Medical Requirements § 55.27 Documentation. The facility licensee shall document and maintain the results of medical qualifications data, test results, and...

  5. 10 CFR 14.27 - Time limit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Time limit. 14.27 Section 14.27 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION ADMINISTRATIVE CLAIMS UNDER FEDERAL TORT CLAIMS ACT Filing Procedures and Requirements § 14.27 Time limit. The claimant shall furnish evidence and information of the types described in 10 CFR 14.23...

  6. 10 CFR 14.27 - Time limit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Time limit. 14.27 Section 14.27 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION ADMINISTRATIVE CLAIMS UNDER FEDERAL TORT CLAIMS ACT Filing Procedures and Requirements § 14.27 Time limit. The claimant shall furnish evidence and information of the types described in 10 CFR 14.23...

  7. 10 CFR 14.27 - Time limit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Time limit. 14.27 Section 14.27 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION ADMINISTRATIVE CLAIMS UNDER FEDERAL TORT CLAIMS ACT Filing Procedures and Requirements § 14.27 Time limit. The claimant shall furnish evidence and information of the types described in 10 CFR 14.23...

  8. “Computerized Counseling Reduces HIV-1 Viral Load and Sexual Transmission Risk: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial”

    PubMed Central

    KURTH, Ann E.; SPIELBERG, Freya; CLELAND, Charles M.; LAMBDIN, Barrot; BANGSBERG, David R.; FRICK, Pamela A.; SEVERYNEN, Anneleen O.; CLAUSEN, Marc; NORMAN, Robert G.; LOCKHART, David; SIMONI, Jane M.; HOLMES, King K.

    2014-01-01

    Objective Evaluate a computerized intervention supporting antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and HIV transmission prevention. Design Longitudinal RCT. Settings An academic HIV clinic and a community-based organization in Seattle. Subjects 240 HIV-positive adults on ART; 209 completed nine-month follow-up (87% retention). Intervention Randomization to computerized counseling or assessment-only, 4 sessions over 9 months. Main Outcome Measures HIV-1 viral suppression, and self-reported ART adherence, and transmission risks, compared using generalized estimating equations. Results Overall, intervention participants had reduced viral load (VL): mean 0.17 log10 decline, versus 0.13 increase in controls, p = 0.053, and significant difference in ART adherence baseline to 9 months (p = 0.046). Their sexual transmission risk behaviors decreased (OR = 0.55, p = 0.020), a reduction not seen among controls (OR = 1.1, p = 0.664), and a significant difference in change (p = 0.040). Intervention effect was driven by those most in need: among those with detectable virus at baseline (>30 copies/milliliter, n=89), intervention effect was mean 0.60 log10 VL decline versus 0.15 increase in controls, p=0.034. ART adherence at the final follow-up was 13 points higher among intervention participants versus controls, p = 0.038. Conclusions Computerized counseling is promising for integrated ART adherence and safer sex, especially for individuals with problems in these areas. This is the first intervention to report improved ART adherence, viral suppression, and reduced secondary sexual transmission risk behavior. PMID:24384803

  9. 14 CFR 27.735 - Brakes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Design and Construction Landing Gear § 27.735 Brakes. For rotorcraft... dry, smooth pavement. [Doc. No. 5074, 29 FR 15695, Nov. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 27-21, 49 FR...

  10. 14 CFR 27.735 - Brakes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Design and Construction Landing Gear § 27.735 Brakes. For rotorcraft... dry, smooth pavement. [Doc. No. 5074, 29 FR 15695, Nov. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 27-21, 49 FR...

  11. 14 CFR 27.735 - Brakes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Design and Construction Landing Gear § 27.735 Brakes. For rotorcraft... dry, smooth pavement. [Doc. No. 5074, 29 FR 15695, Nov. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 27-21, 49 FR...

  12. 14 CFR 27.735 - Brakes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Design and Construction Landing Gear § 27.735 Brakes. For rotorcraft... dry, smooth pavement. [Doc. No. 5074, 29 FR 15695, Nov. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 27-21, 49 FR...

  13. 14 CFR 27.735 - Brakes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Design and Construction Landing Gear § 27.735 Brakes. For rotorcraft... dry, smooth pavement. [Doc. No. 5074, 29 FR 15695, Nov. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 27-21, 49 FR...

  14. 7 CFR 947.27 - Selection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Selection. 947.27 Section 947.27 Agriculture... Administrative Committee § 947.27 Selection. (a) Persons selected as committee members or alternates to represent... ten days after being notified of such selection. [20 FR 7068, Sept. 21, 1955, as amended at 35 FR...

  15. 78 FR 34120 - Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Issuance of Permits

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-06

    ...; August 27, October 31, 2012. 2012. 704654 Scovill Zoo 77 FR 51819; August 27, October 31, 2012. 2012... Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical 77 FR 61627; October 10, November 16, 2012. Garden. 2012. 679042 Duke Lemur Center... Simon Ranch LLC 77 FR 61627; October 10, November 16, 2012. 2012. 819063 Tautphaus Park Zoo........ 77...

  16. 46 CFR 30.10-27 - Flashpoint-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Flashpoint-TB/ALL. 30.10-27 Section 30.10-27 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-27 Flashpoint—TB/ALL. The term flashpoint indicates the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit at which a liquid...

  17. 46 CFR 30.10-27 - Flashpoint-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Flashpoint-TB/ALL. 30.10-27 Section 30.10-27 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-27 Flashpoint—TB/ALL. The term flashpoint indicates the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit at which a liquid...

  18. 46 CFR 30.10-27 - Flashpoint-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Flashpoint-TB/ALL. 30.10-27 Section 30.10-27 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-27 Flashpoint—TB/ALL. The term flashpoint indicates the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit at which a liquid...

  19. 75 FR 4582 - Mojave-Southern Great Basin Resource Advisory Council Meetings, Nevada

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-28

    ... District Office Manager. [FR Doc. 2010-1729 Filed 1-27-10; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4310-HC-P ... include, but are not limited to: February 18, BLM Southern Nevada District Office, 4701 N. Torrey Pines Dr... Southern Nevada District Office, 4701 N. Torrey [[Page 4583

  20. 10 CFR 820.27 - Answer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Answer. 820.27 Section 820.27 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY... Final Notice of Violation with regard to which respondent has any knowledge, information or belief. Where respondent has no knowledge, information or belief of a particular factual allegation and so...

  1. 10 CFR 820.27 - Answer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Answer. 820.27 Section 820.27 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY... Final Notice of Violation with regard to which respondent has any knowledge, information or belief. Where respondent has no knowledge, information or belief of a particular factual allegation and so...

  2. 10 CFR 820.27 - Answer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Answer. 820.27 Section 820.27 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY... Final Notice of Violation with regard to which respondent has any knowledge, information or belief. Where respondent has no knowledge, information or belief of a particular factual allegation and so...

  3. 10 CFR 820.27 - Answer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Answer. 820.27 Section 820.27 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY... Final Notice of Violation with regard to which respondent has any knowledge, information or belief. Where respondent has no knowledge, information or belief of a particular factual allegation and so...

  4. 10 CFR 820.27 - Answer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Answer. 820.27 Section 820.27 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY... Final Notice of Violation with regard to which respondent has any knowledge, information or belief. Where respondent has no knowledge, information or belief of a particular factual allegation and so...

  5. (LBA-and-WRM)-based DBA scheme for multi-wavelength upstream transmission supporting 10 Gbps and 1 Gbps in MAN

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Yuchao; Gan, Chaoqin; Gou, Kaiyu; Xu, Anni; Ma, Jiamin

    2018-01-01

    DBA scheme based on Load balance algorithm (LBA) and wavelength recycle mechanism (WRM) for multi-wavelength upstream transmission is proposed in this paper. According to 1 Gbps and 10 Gbps line rates, ONUs are grouped into different VPONs. To facilitate wavelength management, resource pool is proposed to record wavelength state. To realize quantitative analysis, a mathematical model describing metro-access network (MAN) environment is presented. To 10G-EPON upstream, load balance algorithm is designed to ensure load distribution fairness for 10G-OLTs. To 1G-EPON upstream, wavelength recycle mechanism is designed to share remained wavelengths. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by simulation and analysis.

  6. 47 CFR 27.9 - Operation of certificated signal boosters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Operation of certificated signal boosters. 27.9... boosters. Individuals and non-individuals may operate certificated Consumer Signal Boosters on frequencies... operate a signal booster. [78 FR 21564, Apr. 11, 2013] ...

  7. 47 CFR 27.9 - Operation of certificated signal boosters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Operation of certificated signal boosters. 27.9... boosters. Individuals and non-individuals may operate certificated Consumer Signal Boosters on frequencies... operate a signal booster. [78 FR 21564, Apr. 11, 2013] ...

  8. Effects of temperature on the transmission of Yersinia Pestis by the flea, Xenopsylla Cheopis, in the late phase period

    PubMed Central

    2011-01-01

    Background Traditionally, efficient flea-borne transmission of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, was thought to be dependent on a process referred to as blockage in which biofilm-mediated growth of the bacteria physically blocks the flea gut, leading to the regurgitation of contaminated blood into the host. This process was previously shown to be temperature-regulated, with blockage failing at temperatures approaching 30°C; however, the abilities of fleas to transmit infections at different temperatures had not been adequately assessed. We infected colony-reared fleas of Xenopsylla cheopis with a wild type strain of Y. pestis and maintained them at 10, 23, 27, or 30°C. Naïve mice were exposed to groups of infected fleas beginning on day 7 post-infection (p.i.), and every 3-4 days thereafter until day 14 p.i. for fleas held at 10°C, or 28 days p.i. for fleas held at 23-30°C. Transmission was confirmed using Y. pestis-specific antigen or antibody detection assays on mouse tissues. Results Although no statistically significant differences in per flea transmission efficiencies were detected between 23 and 30°C, efficiencies were highest for fleas maintained at 23°C and they began to decline at 27 and 30°C by day 21 p.i. These declines coincided with declining median bacterial loads in fleas at 27 and 30°C. Survival and feeding rates of fleas also varied by temperature to suggest fleas at 27 and 30°C would be less likely to sustain transmission than fleas maintained at 23°C. Fleas held at 10°C transmitted Y. pestis infections, although flea survival was significantly reduced compared to that of uninfected fleas at this temperature. Median bacterial loads were significantly higher at 10°C than at the other temperatures. Conclusions Our results suggest that temperature does not significantly effect the per flea efficiency of Y. pestis transmission by X. cheopis, but that temperature is likely to influence the dynamics of Y. pestis flea

  9. Effects of temperature on the transmission of Yersinia Pestis by the flea, Xenopsylla Cheopis, in the late phase period.

    PubMed

    Schotthoefer, Anna M; Bearden, Scott W; Holmes, Jennifer L; Vetter, Sara M; Montenieri, John A; Williams, Shanna K; Graham, Christine B; Woods, Michael E; Eisen, Rebecca J; Gage, Kenneth L

    2011-09-29

    Traditionally, efficient flea-borne transmission of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, was thought to be dependent on a process referred to as blockage in which biofilm-mediated growth of the bacteria physically blocks the flea gut, leading to the regurgitation of contaminated blood into the host. This process was previously shown to be temperature-regulated, with blockage failing at temperatures approaching 30°C; however, the abilities of fleas to transmit infections at different temperatures had not been adequately assessed. We infected colony-reared fleas of Xenopsylla cheopis with a wild type strain of Y. pestis and maintained them at 10, 23, 27, or 30°C. Naïve mice were exposed to groups of infected fleas beginning on day 7 post-infection (p.i.), and every 3-4 days thereafter until day 14 p.i. for fleas held at 10°C, or 28 days p.i. for fleas held at 23-30°C. Transmission was confirmed using Y. pestis-specific antigen or antibody detection assays on mouse tissues. Although no statistically significant differences in per flea transmission efficiencies were detected between 23 and 30°C, efficiencies were highest for fleas maintained at 23°C and they began to decline at 27 and 30°C by day 21 p.i. These declines coincided with declining median bacterial loads in fleas at 27 and 30°C. Survival and feeding rates of fleas also varied by temperature to suggest fleas at 27 and 30°C would be less likely to sustain transmission than fleas maintained at 23°C. Fleas held at 10°C transmitted Y. pestis infections, although flea survival was significantly reduced compared to that of uninfected fleas at this temperature. Median bacterial loads were significantly higher at 10°C than at the other temperatures. Our results suggest that temperature does not significantly effect the per flea efficiency of Y. pestis transmission by X. cheopis, but that temperature is likely to influence the dynamics of Y. pestis flea-borne transmission, perhaps by affecting

  10. 10 CFR 36.27 - Fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire protection. 36.27 Section 36.27 Energy NUCLEAR... Requirements for Irradiators § 36.27 Fire protection. (a) The radiation room at a panoramic irradiator must... become fully shielded if a fire is detected. (b) The radiation room at a panoramic irradiator must be...

  11. 14 CFR 27.497 - Ground loading conditions: landing gear with tail wheels.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... designed for loading conditions as prescribed in this section. (b) Level landing attitude with only the forward wheels contacting the ground. In this attitude— (1) The vertical loads must be applied under §§ 27... be resisted by angular inertia forces. (c) Level landing attitude with all wheels contacting the...

  12. 27 CFR 10.3 - Application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Application. 10.3 Section 10.3 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS COMMERCIAL BRIBERY Scope of Regulations § 10.3 Application. (a) General. The...

  13. An 802.11 n wireless local area network transmission scheme for wireless telemedicine applications.

    PubMed

    Lin, C F; Hung, S I; Chiang, I H

    2010-10-01

    In this paper, an 802.11 n transmission scheme is proposed for wireless telemedicine applications. IEEE 802.11n standards, a power assignment strategy, space-time block coding (STBC), and an object composition Petri net (OCPN) model are adopted. With the proposed wireless system, G.729 audio bit streams, Joint Photographic Experts Group 2000 (JPEG 2000) clinical images, and Moving Picture Experts Group 4 (MPEG-4) video bit streams achieve a transmission bit error rate (BER) of 10-7, 10-4, and 103 simultaneously. The proposed system meets the requirements prescribed for wireless telemedicine applications. An essential feature of this proposed transmission scheme is that clinical information that requires a high quality of service (QoS) is transmitted at a high power transmission rate with significant error protection. For maximizing resource utilization and minimizing the total transmission power, STBC and adaptive modulation techniques are used in the proposed 802.11 n wireless telemedicine system. Further, low power, direct mapping (DM), low-error protection scheme, and high-level modulation are adopted for messages that can tolerate a high BER. With the proposed transmission scheme, the required reliability of communication can be achieved. Our simulation results have shown that the proposed 802.11 n transmission scheme can be used for developing effective wireless telemedicine systems.

  14. 22 CFR 92.10 - Specific waiver in notarial certificate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Specific waiver in notarial certificate. 92.10 Section 92.10 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE LEGAL AND RELATED SERVICES NOTARIAL AND RELATED...) executed in connection with divorce proceedings. [22 FR 10858, Dec. 27, 1957, as amended at 60 FR 51723...

  15. Calculating the potential for within-flight transmission of influenza A (H1N1)

    PubMed Central

    2009-01-01

    Background Clearly air travel, by transporting infectious individuals from one geographic location to another, significantly affects the rate of spread of influenza A (H1N1). However, the possibility of within-flight transmission of H1N1 has not been evaluated; although it is known that smallpox, measles, tuberculosis, SARS and seasonal influenza can be transmitted during commercial flights. Here we present the first quantitative risk assessment to assess the potential for within-flight transmission of H1N1. Methods We model airborne transmission of infectious viral particles of H1N1 within a Boeing 747 using methodology from the field of quantitative microbial risk assessment. Results The risk of catching H1N1 will essentially be confined to passengers travelling in the same cabin as the source case. Not surprisingly, we find that the longer the flight the greater the number of infections that can be expected. We calculate that H1N1, even during long flights, poses a low to moderate within-flight transmission risk if the source case travels First Class. Specifically, 0-1 infections could occur during a 5 hour flight, 1-3 during an 11 hour flight and 2-5 during a 17 hour flight. However, within-flight transmission could be significant, particularly during long flights, if the source case travels in Economy Class. Specifically, two to five infections could occur during a 5 hour flight, 5-10 during an 11 hour flight and 7-17 during a 17 hour flight. If the aircraft is only partially loaded, under certain conditions more infections could occur in First Class than in Economy Class. During a 17 hour flight, a greater number of infections would occur in First Class than in Economy if the First Class Cabin is fully occupied, but Economy class is less than 30% full. Conclusions Our results provide insights into the potential utility of air travel restrictions on controlling influenza pandemics in the winter of 2009/2010. They show travel by one infectious individual

  16. Calculating the potential for within-flight transmission of influenza A (H1N1).

    PubMed

    Wagner, Bradley G; Coburn, Brian J; Blower, Sally

    2009-12-24

    Clearly air travel, by transporting infectious individuals from one geographic location to another, significantly affects the rate of spread of influenza A (H1N1). However, the possibility of within-flight transmission of H1N1 has not been evaluated; although it is known that smallpox, measles, tuberculosis, SARS and seasonal influenza can be transmitted during commercial flights. Here we present the first quantitative risk assessment to assess the potential for within-flight transmission of H1N1. We model airborne transmission of infectious viral particles of H1N1 within a Boeing 747 using methodology from the field of quantitative microbial risk assessment. The risk of catching H1N1 will essentially be confined to passengers travelling in the same cabin as the source case. Not surprisingly, we find that the longer the flight the greater the number of infections that can be expected. We calculate that H1N1, even during long flights, poses a low to moderate within-flight transmission risk if the source case travels First Class. Specifically, 0-1 infections could occur during a 5 hour flight, 1-3 during an 11 hour flight and 2-5 during a 17 hour flight. However, within-flight transmission could be significant, particularly during long flights, if the source case travels in Economy Class. Specifically, two to five infections could occur during a 5 hour flight, 5-10 during an 11 hour flight and 7-17 during a 17 hour flight. If the aircraft is only partially loaded, under certain conditions more infections could occur in First Class than in Economy Class. During a 17 hour flight, a greater number of infections would occur in First Class than in Economy if the First Class Cabin is fully occupied, but Economy class is less than 30% full. Our results provide insights into the potential utility of air travel restrictions on controlling influenza pandemics in the winter of 2009/2010. They show travel by one infectious individual, rather than causing a single outbreak of H1N

  17. Preparation of N-doped ZnO-loaded halloysite nanotubes catalysts with high solar-light photocatalytic activity.

    PubMed

    Cheng, Zhi-Lin; Sun, Wei

    2015-01-01

    N-doped ZnO nanoparticles were successfully assembled into hollow halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) by using the impregnation method. The catalysts based on N-doped ZnO-loaded HNTs nanocomposites (N-doped ZnO/HNTs) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (TEM-EDX), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), UV-vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. The XRD pattern showed ZnO nanoparticles with hexagonal structure loaded on HNTs. The TEM-EDX analysis indicated ZnO particles with the crystal size of ca.10 nm scattered in hollow structure of HNTs, and furthermore the concentration of N atom in nanocomposites was up to 2.31%. The SEM-EDX verified most of N-ZnO nanoparticles existing in hollow nanotubes of HNTs. Besides containing an obvious ultraviolet absorbance band, the UV-vis spectra of the N-doped ZnO/HNTs catalysts showed an available visible absorbance band by comparing to HNTs and non-doped ZnO/HNTs. The photocatalytic activity of the N-doped ZnO/HNTs catalysts was evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) solution with the concentration of 20 mg/L under the simulated solar-light irradiation. The result showed that the N-doped ZnO/HNTs catalyst exhibited a desirable solar-light photocatalytic activity.

  18. 10 CFR 32.27 - Same: Safety criteria.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Same: Safety criteria. 32.27 Section 32.27 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION SPECIFIC DOMESTIC LICENSES TO MANUFACTURE OR TRANSFER CERTAIN ITEMS CONTAINING BYPRODUCT MATERIAL Exempt Concentrations and Items § 32.27 Same: Safety criteria. An applicant for a license...

  19. 77 FR 3958 - Coordination of Federal Authorizations for Electric Transmission Facilities

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-26

    ... Coordination of Federal Authorizations for Electric Transmission Facilities AGENCY: Office of Electricity... coordination of Federal Authorizations for Electric Transmission Facilities has been extended until February 27... authorizations for proposed interstate electric transmission facilities pursuant to section 216(h) of the Federal...

  20. 27 CFR 16.10 - Meaning of terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... State statutes, regulations and principles and rules having the force of law. TTB. The Alcohol and... and used in this part shall have the same meaning as assigned to it by the Act. [T.D. ATF-294, 55 FR 5421, Feb. 14, 1990, as amended by T.D. ATF-425, 65 FR 11892, Mar. 7, 2000; T.D. TTB-44, 71 FR 16925...

  1. 27 CFR 16.10 - Meaning of terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... State statutes, regulations and principles and rules having the force of law. TTB. The Alcohol and... and used in this part shall have the same meaning as assigned to it by the Act. [T.D. ATF-294, 55 FR 5421, Feb. 14, 1990, as amended by T.D. ATF-425, 65 FR 11892, Mar. 7, 2000; T.D. TTB-44, 71 FR 16925...

  2. 14 CFR 27.493 - Braked roll conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... vertical load must be based on a load factor of at least— (1) 1.33, for the attitude specified in § 27.479(a)(1); and (2) 1.0 for the attitude specified in § 27.479(a)(2); and (b) The structure must be...

  3. LBMR: Load-Balanced Multipath Routing for Wireless Data-Intensive Transmission in Real-Time Medical Monitoring.

    PubMed

    Tseng, Chinyang Henry

    2016-05-31

    In wireless networks, low-power Zigbee is an excellent network solution for wireless medical monitoring systems. Medical monitoring generally involves transmission of a large amount of data and easily causes bottleneck problems. Although Zigbee's AODV mesh routing provides extensible multi-hop data transmission to extend network coverage, it originally does not, and needs to support some form of load balancing mechanism to avoid bottlenecks. To guarantee a more reliable multi-hop data transmission for life-critical medical applications, we have developed a multipath solution, called Load-Balanced Multipath Routing (LBMR) to replace Zigbee's routing mechanism. LBMR consists of three main parts: Layer Routing Construction (LRC), a Load Estimation Algorithm (LEA), and a Route Maintenance (RM) mechanism. LRC assigns nodes into different layers based on the node's distance to the medical data gateway. Nodes can have multiple next-hops delivering medical data toward the gateway. All neighboring layer-nodes exchange flow information containing current load, which is the used by the LEA to estimate future load of next-hops to the gateway. With LBMR, nodes can choose the neighbors with the least load as the next-hops and thus can achieve load balancing and avoid bottlenecks. Furthermore, RM can detect route failures in real-time and perform route redirection to ensure routing robustness. Since LRC and LEA prevent bottlenecks while RM ensures routing fault tolerance, LBMR provides a highly reliable routing service for medical monitoring. To evaluate these accomplishments, we compare LBMR with Zigbee's AODV and another multipath protocol, AOMDV. The simulation results demonstrate LBMR achieves better load balancing, less unreachable nodes, and better packet delivery ratio than either AODV or AOMDV.

  4. LBMR: Load-Balanced Multipath Routing for Wireless Data-Intensive Transmission in Real-Time Medical Monitoring

    PubMed Central

    Tseng, Chinyang Henry

    2016-01-01

    In wireless networks, low-power Zigbee is an excellent network solution for wireless medical monitoring systems. Medical monitoring generally involves transmission of a large amount of data and easily causes bottleneck problems. Although Zigbee’s AODV mesh routing provides extensible multi-hop data transmission to extend network coverage, it originally does not, and needs to support some form of load balancing mechanism to avoid bottlenecks. To guarantee a more reliable multi-hop data transmission for life-critical medical applications, we have developed a multipath solution, called Load-Balanced Multipath Routing (LBMR) to replace Zigbee’s routing mechanism. LBMR consists of three main parts: Layer Routing Construction (LRC), a Load Estimation Algorithm (LEA), and a Route Maintenance (RM) mechanism. LRC assigns nodes into different layers based on the node’s distance to the medical data gateway. Nodes can have multiple next-hops delivering medical data toward the gateway. All neighboring layer-nodes exchange flow information containing current load, which is the used by the LEA to estimate future load of next-hops to the gateway. With LBMR, nodes can choose the neighbors with the least load as the next-hops and thus can achieve load balancing and avoid bottlenecks. Furthermore, RM can detect route failures in real-time and perform route redirection to ensure routing robustness. Since LRC and LEA prevent bottlenecks while RM ensures routing fault tolerance, LBMR provides a highly reliable routing service for medical monitoring. To evaluate these accomplishments, we compare LBMR with Zigbee’s AODV and another multipath protocol, AOMDV. The simulation results demonstrate LBMR achieves better load balancing, less unreachable nodes, and better packet delivery ratio than either AODV or AOMDV. PMID:27258297

  5. 78 FR 69703 - 10-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Generic Customer Satisfaction Surveys; Physical...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-20

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT [Docket No. FR-5683-N-102] 10-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Generic Customer Satisfaction Surveys; Physical Inspection Pilot Program...

  6. 27 CFR 10.21 - Commercial bribery.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Commercial bribery. 10.21 Section 10.21 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS COMMERCIAL BRIBERY Commercial Bribery § 10.21 Commercial bribery. It is...

  7. Mechanical Four-Pole Parameters: Transmission Matrices

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1976-04-19

    moment of inertia, it is pcssible to state that 1, = i2 ’jV 2 (127) ~ =v 2 ,(128) B, = B2 ,(129) el e2 (130) 28 1 -JA 0 0 P2 0 1 0 0 VM 0 1 j :(. 131 ...Eq. 129 now becomes + JCI ,2(1.32) so that F1 1 -JaM 0 0 F2 V, 0 1 0 0 V2 ~ :~ (133) B. 0 0o 1 Jcn B 2 1 2 3. Spring of Stiffness K in Cascade [Fig...transmission matrix is that of Eq. 131 in which the element - JaM has been replaced py - Za. 9. VALUES OF TRANSMISSION MATRICES (BERNOULLI-EUER BEANS

  8. 27 CFR 10.2 - Territorial extent.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Territorial extent. 10.2 Section 10.2 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS COMMERCIAL BRIBERY Scope of Regulations § 10.2 Territorial extent. This part...

  9. Impact of viral load and the duration of primary infection on HIV transmission: systematic review and meta-analysis

    PubMed Central

    BLASER, Nello; WETTSTEIN, Celina; ESTILL, Janne; VIZCAYA, Luisa SALAZAR; WANDELER, Gilles; EGGER, Matthias; KEISER, Olivia

    2014-01-01

    Objectives HIV ‘treatment as prevention’ (TasP) describes early treatment of HIV-infected patients intended to reduce viral load (VL) and transmission. Crucial assumptions for estimating TasP's effectiveness are the underlying estimates of transmission risk. We aimed to determine transmission risk during primary infection, and of the relation of HIV transmission risk to VL. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We searched PubMed and Embase databases for studies that established a relationship between VL and transmission risk, or primary infection and transmission risk, in serodiscordant couples. We analyzed assumptions about the relationship between VL and transmission risk, and between duration of primary infection and transmission risk. Results We found 36 eligible articles, based on six different study populations. Studies consistently found that larger VLs lead to higher HIV transmission rates, but assumptions about the shape of this increase varied from exponential increase to saturation. The assumed duration of primary infection ranged from 1.5 to 12 months; for each additional month, the log10 transmission rate ratio between primary and asymptomatic infection decreased by 0.40. Conclusions Assumptions and estimates of the relationship between VL and transmission risk, and the relationship between primary infection and transmission risk, vary substantially and predictions of TasP's effectiveness should take this uncertainty into account. PMID:24691205

  10. 47 CFR 10.340 - Digital television transmission towers retransmission capability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Digital television transmission towers retransmission capability. 10.340 Section 10.340 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL WIRELESS EMERGENCY ALERTS System Architecture § 10.340 Digital television transmission towers...

  11. 47 CFR 10.340 - Digital television transmission towers retransmission capability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Digital television transmission towers retransmission capability. 10.340 Section 10.340 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL WIRELESS EMERGENCY ALERTS System Architecture § 10.340 Digital television transmission towers...

  12. L2-LBMT: A Layered Load Balance Routing Protocol for underwater multimedia data transmission

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lv, Ze; Tang, Ruichun; Tao, Ye; Sun, Xin; Xu, Xiaowei

    2017-12-01

    Providing highly efficient underwater transmission of mass multimedia data is challenging due to the particularities of the underwater environment. Although there are many schemes proposed to optimize the underwater acoustic network communication protocols, from physical layer, data link layer, network layer to transport layer, the existing routing protocols for underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) still cannot well deal with the problems in transmitting multimedia data because of the difficulties involved in high energy consumption, low transmission reliability or high transmission delay. It prevents us from applying underwater multimedia data to real-time monitoring of marine environment in practical application, especially in emergency search, rescue operation and military field. Therefore, the inefficient transmission of marine multimedia data has become a serious problem that needs to be solved urgently. In this paper, A Layered Load Balance Routing Protocol (L2-LBMT) is proposed for underwater multimedia data transmission. In L2-LBMT, we use layered and load-balance Ad Hoc Network to transmit data, and adopt segmented data reliable transfer (SDRT) protocol to improve the data transport reliability. And a 3-node variant of tornado (3-VT) code is also combined with the Ad Hoc Network to transmit little emergency data more quickly. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol can balance energy consumption of each node, effectively prolong the network lifetime and reduce transmission delay of marine multimedia data.

  13. 47 CFR 10.340 - Digital television transmission towers retransmission capability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Digital television transmission towers retransmission capability. 10.340 Section 10.340 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL COMMERCIAL MOBILE ALERT SYSTEM System Architecture § 10.340 Digital television transmission towers...

  14. 47 CFR 10.340 - Digital television transmission towers retransmission capability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Digital television transmission towers retransmission capability. 10.340 Section 10.340 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL COMMERCIAL MOBILE ALERT SYSTEM System Architecture § 10.340 Digital television transmission towers...

  15. Light desorption from an yttrium neutralizer for Rb and Fr magneto-optical trap loading

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Coppolaro, V.; Papi, N.; Khanbekyan, A.

    2014-10-07

    We present here the first evidence of photodesorption induced by low-intensity non-resonant light from an yttrium thin foil, which works as a neutralizer for Rb and Fr ions beam. Neutral atoms are suddenly ejected from the metal surface in a pulsed regime upon illumination with a broadband flash light and then released in the free volume of a pyrex cells. Here atoms are captured by a Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT), which is effectively loaded by the photodesorption. Loading times of the order of the flash rise time are measured. Desorption is also obtained in the continuous regime, by exploiting CW visiblemore » illumination of the metallic neutralizer surface. We demonstrate that at lower CW light intensities vacuum conditions are not perturbed by the photodesorption and hence the MOT dynamics remains unaffected, while the trap population increases thanks to the incoming desorbed atoms flux. Even with the Y foil at room temperature and hence with no trapped atoms, upon visible illumination, the number of trapped atoms reaches 10{sup 5}. The experimental data are then analyzed by means of an analytical rate equation model, which allows the analysis of this phenomenon and its dynamics and allows the determination of critical experimental parameters and the test of the procedure in the framework of radioactive Francium trapping. In this view, together with an extensive investigation of the phenomenon with {sup 85}Rb, the first demonstration of the photodesorption-aided loading of a {sup 210}Fr MOT is shown.« less

  16. 10 CFR 51.27 - Notice of intent.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Notice of intent. 51.27 Section 51.27 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGULATIONS FOR DOMESTIC LICENSING AND RELATED REGULATORY FUNCTIONS National Environmental Policy Act-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Determinations...

  17. 10 CFR 51.27 - Notice of intent.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Notice of intent. 51.27 Section 51.27 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGULATIONS FOR DOMESTIC LICENSING AND RELATED REGULATORY FUNCTIONS National Environmental Policy Act-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Determinations...

  18. Nicotine N-glucuronidation relative to N-oxidation and C-oxidation and UGT2B10 genotype in five ethnic/racial groups

    PubMed Central

    Murphy, Sharon E.; Park, Sung-Shim L.; Thompson, Elizabeth F.; Wilkens, Lynne R.; Patel, Yesha; Stram, Daniel O.; Le Marchand, Loic

    2014-01-01

    Nicotine metabolism influences smoking behavior and differences in metabolism probably contribute to ethnic variability in lung cancer risk. We report here on the proportion of nicotine metabolism by cytochrome P450 2A6-catalyzed C-oxidation, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase 2B10 (UGT2B10)-catalyzed N-glucuronidation and flavin monooxygenase 3-catalyzed N-oxidation in five ethnic/racial groups and the role of UGT2B10 genotype on the metabolic patterns observed. Nicotine and its metabolites were quantified in urine from African American (AA, n = 364), Native Hawaiian (NH, n = 311), White (n = 437), Latino (LA, n = 453) and Japanese American (JA, n = 674) smokers. Total nicotine equivalents, the sum of nicotine and six metabolites, and nicotine metabolism phenotypes were calculated. The relationship of UGT2B10 genotype to nicotine metabolic pathways was determined for each group; geometric means were computed and adjusted for age, sex, creatinine, and body mass index. Nicotine metabolism patterns were unique across the groups, C-oxidation was lowest in JA and NH (P < 0.0001), and N-glucuronidation lowest in AA (P < 0.0001). There was no difference in C-oxidation among Whites and AA and LA. Nicotine and cotinine glucuronide ratios were 2- and 3-fold lower in AA compared with Whites. Two UGT variants, a missense mutation (Asp67Tyr, rs61750900) and a splice variant (rs116294140) accounted for 33% of the variation in glucuronidation. In AA, the splice variant accounted for the majority of the reduced nicotine glucuronidation. UGT2B10 variant allele carriers had increased levels of C-oxidation (P = 0.0099). Our data indicate that the relative importance of nicotine metabolic pathways varies by ethnicity, and all pathways should be considered when characterizing the role of nicotine metabolism on smoking behavior and cancer risk. PMID:25233931

  19. 76 FR 32323 - Limited Service Domestic Voyage Load Lines for River Barges on Lake Michigan

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-06

    ...-AA17 Limited Service Domestic Voyage Load Lines for River Barges on Lake Michigan AGENCY: Coast Guard... for certain river barges operating on Lake Michigan, as established in the final rule published on... in the Federal Register (75 FR 70595) (2010 final rule) that finalized the special Lake Michigan load...

  20. 27 CFR 10.22 - Employee associations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Employee associations. 10..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS COMMERCIAL BRIBERY Commercial Bribery § 10.22 Employee associations. Gifts... employee associations are considered the same as bonuses, premiums, compensation, or other things of value...

  1. 10 CFR 850.27 - Hygiene facilities and practices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Hygiene facilities and practices. 850.27 Section 850.27 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CHRONIC BERYLLIUM DISEASE PREVENTION PROGRAM Specific Program Requirements § 850.27 Hygiene facilities and practices. (a) General. The responsible employer must assure that in...

  2. A Single-Amino-Acid Substitution at Position 225 in Hemagglutinin Alters the Transmissibility of Eurasian Avian-Like H1N1 Swine Influenza Virus in Guinea Pigs

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Zeng; Yang, Huanliang; Chen, Yan; Tao, Shiyu; Liu, Liling; Kong, Huihui; Ma, Shujie; Meng, Fei; Suzuki, Yasuo; Qiao, Chuanling

    2017-01-01

    ABSTRACT Efficient transmission from human to human is the prerequisite for an influenza virus to cause a pandemic; however, the molecular determinants of influenza virus transmission are still largely unknown. In this study, we explored the molecular basis for transmission of Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EAH1N1) swine influenza viruses by comparing two viruses that are genetically similar but differ in their transmissibility in guinea pigs: the A/swine/Guangxi/18/2011 virus (GX/18) is highly transmissible by respiratory droplet in guinea pigs, whereas the A/swine/Heilongjiang/27/2012 virus (HLJ/27) does not transmit in this animal model. We used reverse genetics to generate a series of reassortants and mutants in the GX/18 background and tested their transmissibility in guinea pigs. We found that a single-amino-acid substitution of glycine (G) for glutamic acid (E) at position 225 (E225G) in the HA1 protein completely abolished the respiratory droplet transmission of GX/18, whereas the substitution of E for G at the same position (G225E) in HA1 enabled HLJ/27 to transmit in guinea pigs. We investigated the underlying mechanism and found that viruses bearing 225E in HA1 replicated more rapidly than viruses bearing 225G due to differences in assembly and budding efficiencies. Our study indicates that the amino acid 225E in HA1 plays a key role in EAH1N1 swine influenza virus transmission and provides important information for evaluating the pandemic potential of field influenza virus strains. IMPORTANCE Efficient transmission among humans is a prerequisite for a novel influenza virus to cause a human pandemic. Transmissibility of influenza viruses is a polygenic trait, and understanding the genetic determinants for transmissibility will provide useful insights for evaluating the pandemic potential of influenza viruses in the field. Several amino acids in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza viruses have been shown to be important for transmissibility, usually by

  3. 10 CFR 32.27 - Same: Safety criteria.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Same: Safety criteria. 32.27 Section 32.27 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION SPECIFIC DOMESTIC LICENSES TO MANUFACTURE OR TRANSFER CERTAIN ITEMS CONTAINING..., shielding, or other safety features of the product from wear and abuse likely to occur in normal handling...

  4. 76 FR 66229 - Transmission Planning Reliability Standards

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-26

    ... Transmission Services, at all demand levels over the range of forecast system demands, under the contingency... any planned firm load that is not directly served by the elements that are removed from service as a... to plan for the loss of firm service for a single contingency, the Commission finds that their...

  5. Characterisation and Skin Distribution of Lecithin-Based Coenzyme Q10-Loaded Lipid Nanocapsules

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhou, Huafeng; Yue, Yang; Liu, Guanlan; Li, Yan; Zhang, Jing; Yan, Zemin; Duan, Mingxing

    2010-10-01

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the inner lipid ratio on the physicochemical properties and skin targeting of surfactant-free lecithin-based coenzyme Q10-loaded lipid nanocapsules (CoQ10-LNCs). The smaller particle size of CoQ10-LNCs was achieved by high pressure and a lower ratio of CoQ10/GTCC (Caprylic/capric triglyceride); however, the zeta potential of CoQ10-LNCs was above /- 60 mV/ with no distinct difference among them at different ratios of CoQ10/GTCC. Both the crystallisation point and the index decreased with the decreasing ratio of CoQ10/GTCC and smaller particle size; interestingly, the supercooled state of CoQ10-LNCs was observed at particle size below about 200 nm, as verified by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in one heating-cooling cycle. The lecithin monolayer sphere structure of CoQ10-LNCs was investigated by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM). The skin penetration results revealed that the distribution of Nile red-loaded CoQ10-LNCs depended on the ratio of inner CoQ10/GTCC; moreover, epidermal targeting and superficial dermal targeting were achieved by the CoQ10-LNCs application. The highest fluorescence response was observed at a ratio of inner CoQ10/GTCC of 1:1. These observations suggest that lecithin-based LNCs could be used as a promising topical delivery vehicle for lipophilic compounds.

  6. 75 FR 82025 - Sunshine Act Notice

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-29

    ... MORE INFORMATION: Stephen Llewellyn, Executive Officer on (202) 663-4070. Dated: December 27, 2010. Stephen Llewellyn, Executive Officer, Executive Secretariat. [FR Doc. 2010-32962 Filed 12-27-10; 4:15 pm...

  7. 27 CFR 10.24 - Sales promotion contests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Sales promotion contests. 10.24 Section 10.24 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS COMMERCIAL BRIBERY Commercial Bribery § 10.24 Sales promotion contests...

  8. 10 CFR 434.512 - Internal loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Internal loads. 434.512 Section 434.512 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CODE FOR NEW FEDERAL COMMERCIAL AND MULTI-FAMILY HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS Building Energy Cost Compliance Alternative § 434.512 Internal loads. 512.1 The systems...

  9. 10 CFR 434.512 - Internal loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Internal loads. 434.512 Section 434.512 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CODE FOR NEW FEDERAL COMMERCIAL AND MULTI-FAMILY HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS Building Energy Cost Compliance Alternative § 434.512 Internal loads. 512.1The systems...

  10. 10 CFR 434.512 - Internal loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Internal loads. 434.512 Section 434.512 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CODE FOR NEW FEDERAL COMMERCIAL AND MULTI-FAMILY HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS Building Energy Cost Compliance Alternative § 434.512 Internal loads. 512.1The systems...

  11. 10 CFR 434.512 - Internal loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Internal loads. 434.512 Section 434.512 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CODE FOR NEW FEDERAL COMMERCIAL AND MULTI-FAMILY HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS Building Energy Cost Compliance Alternative § 434.512 Internal loads. 512.1The systems...

  12. 27 CFR 10.51 - Exclusion, in general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exclusion, in general. 10.51 Section 10.51 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS COMMERCIAL BRIBERY Exclusion § 10.51 Exclusion, in general. (a) Exclusion...

  13. Reliability assessment of an OVH HV power line truss transmission tower subjected to seismic loading

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Winkelmann, Karol; Jakubowska, Patrycja; Soltysik, Barbara

    2017-03-01

    The study focuses on the reliability of a transmission tower OS24 ON150 + 10, an element of an OVH HV power line, under seismic loading. In order to describe the seismic force, the real-life recording of the horizontal component of the El Centro earthquake was adopted. The amplitude and the period of this excitation are assumed random, their variation is described by Weibull distribution. The possible space state of the phenomenon is given in the form of a structural response surface (RSM methodology), approximated by an ANOVA table with directional sampling (DS) points. Four design limit states are considered: stress limit criterion for a natural load combination, criterion for an accidental combination (one-sided cable snap), vertical and horizontal translation criteria. According to these cases the HLRF reliability index β is used for structural safety assessment. The RSM approach is well suited for the analysis - it is numerically efficient, not excessively time consuming, indicating a high confidence level. Given the problem conditions, the seismic excitation is shown the sufficient trigger to the loss of load-bearing capacity or stability of the tower.

  14. Multi-stage rescheduling of generation, load shedding and short-term transmission capacity for emergency state control

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Krogh, B.; Chow, J.H.; Javid, H.S.

    1983-05-01

    A multi-stage formulation of the problem of scheduling generation, load shedding and short term transmission capacity for the alleviation of a viability emergency is presented. The formulation includes generation rate of change constraints, a linear network solution, and a model of the short term thermal overload capacity of transmission lines. The concept of rotating transmission line overloads for emergency state control is developed. The ideas are illustrated by a numerical example.

  15. A Single-Amino-Acid Substitution at Position 225 in Hemagglutinin Alters the Transmissibility of Eurasian Avian-Like H1N1 Swine Influenza Virus in Guinea Pigs.

    PubMed

    Wang, Zeng; Yang, Huanliang; Chen, Yan; Tao, Shiyu; Liu, Liling; Kong, Huihui; Ma, Shujie; Meng, Fei; Suzuki, Yasuo; Qiao, Chuanling; Chen, Hualan

    2017-11-01

    Efficient transmission from human to human is the prerequisite for an influenza virus to cause a pandemic; however, the molecular determinants of influenza virus transmission are still largely unknown. In this study, we explored the molecular basis for transmission of Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EAH1N1) swine influenza viruses by comparing two viruses that are genetically similar but differ in their transmissibility in guinea pigs: the A/swine/Guangxi/18/2011 virus (GX/18) is highly transmissible by respiratory droplet in guinea pigs, whereas the A/swine/Heilongjiang/27/2012 virus (HLJ/27) does not transmit in this animal model. We used reverse genetics to generate a series of reassortants and mutants in the GX/18 background and tested their transmissibility in guinea pigs. We found that a single-amino-acid substitution of glycine (G) for glutamic acid (E) at position 225 (E225G) in the HA1 protein completely abolished the respiratory droplet transmission of GX/18, whereas the substitution of E for G at the same position (G225E) in HA1 enabled HLJ/27 to transmit in guinea pigs. We investigated the underlying mechanism and found that viruses bearing 225E in HA1 replicated more rapidly than viruses bearing 225G due to differences in assembly and budding efficiencies. Our study indicates that the amino acid 225E in HA1 plays a key role in EAH1N1 swine influenza virus transmission and provides important information for evaluating the pandemic potential of field influenza virus strains. IMPORTANCE Efficient transmission among humans is a prerequisite for a novel influenza virus to cause a human pandemic. Transmissibility of influenza viruses is a polygenic trait, and understanding the genetic determinants for transmissibility will provide useful insights for evaluating the pandemic potential of influenza viruses in the field. Several amino acids in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza viruses have been shown to be important for transmissibility, usually by

  16. 46 CFR 76.27-10 - Location and spacing of detectors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Location and spacing of detectors. 76.27-10 Section 76... PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Electric Fire Detecting System, Details § 76.27-10 Location and spacing of detectors. (a) The detectors shall be located close to the overhead in the space protected. Where liable to physical...

  17. 46 CFR 76.27-10 - Location and spacing of detectors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Location and spacing of detectors. 76.27-10 Section 76... PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Electric Fire Detecting System, Details § 76.27-10 Location and spacing of detectors. (a) The detectors shall be located close to the overhead in the space protected. Where liable to physical...

  18. 46 CFR 76.27-10 - Location and spacing of detectors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Location and spacing of detectors. 76.27-10 Section 76... PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Electric Fire Detecting System, Details § 76.27-10 Location and spacing of detectors. (a) The detectors shall be located close to the overhead in the space protected. Where liable to physical...

  19. 46 CFR 76.27-10 - Location and spacing of detectors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Location and spacing of detectors. 76.27-10 Section 76... PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Electric Fire Detecting System, Details § 76.27-10 Location and spacing of detectors. (a) The detectors shall be located close to the overhead in the space protected. Where liable to physical...

  20. 46 CFR 76.27-10 - Location and spacing of detectors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Location and spacing of detectors. 76.27-10 Section 76... PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Electric Fire Detecting System, Details § 76.27-10 Location and spacing of detectors. (a) The detectors shall be located close to the overhead in the space protected. Where liable to physical...

  1. Effects of Cascaded Voltage Collapse and Protection of Many Induction Machine Loads upon Load Characteristics Viewed from Bulk Transmission System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kumano, Teruhisa

    As known well, two of the fundamental processes which give rise to voltage collapse in power systems are the on load tap changers of transformers and dynamic characteristics of loads such as induction machines. It has been well established that, comparing among these two, the former makes slower collapse while the latter makes faster. However, in realistic situations, the load level of each induction machine is not uniform and it is well expected that only a part of loads collapses first, followed by collapse process of each load which did not go into instability during the preceding collapses. In such situations the over all equivalent collapse behavior viewed from bulk transmission level becomes somewhat different from the simple collapse driven by one aggregated induction machine. This paper studies the process of cascaded voltage collapse among many induction machines by time simulation, where load distribution on a feeder line is modeled by several hundreds of induction machines and static impedance loads. It is shown that in some cases voltage collapse really cascades among induction machines, where the macroscopic load dynamics viewed from upper voltage level makes slower collapse than expected by the aggregated load model. Also shown is the effects of machine protection of induction machines, which also makes slower collapse.

  2. 10 CFR 95.27 - Protection while in use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Protection while in use. 95.27 Section 95.27 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) FACILITY SECURITY CLEARANCE AND SAFEGUARDING OF NATIONAL..., classified matter must be under the direct control of an authorized individual to preclude physical, audio...

  3. 46 CFR 188.10-77 - Vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Vessel. 188.10-77 Section 188.10-77 Shipping COAST GUARD... Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-77 Vessel. Where the word “vessel” is used in this subchapter, it... in Column 7 of Table 188.05-1(a). [CGFR 67-83, 33 FR 1113, Jan. 27, 1968, as amended by CGD 77-081...

  4. 46 CFR 188.10-77 - Vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Vessel. 188.10-77 Section 188.10-77 Shipping COAST GUARD... Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-77 Vessel. Where the word “vessel” is used in this subchapter, it... in Column 7 of Table 188.05-1(a). [CGFR 67-83, 33 FR 1113, Jan. 27, 1968, as amended by CGD 77-081...

  5. 46 CFR 188.10-77 - Vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Vessel. 188.10-77 Section 188.10-77 Shipping COAST GUARD... Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-77 Vessel. Where the word “vessel” is used in this subchapter, it... in Column 7 of Table 188.05-1(a). [CGFR 67-83, 33 FR 1113, Jan. 27, 1968, as amended by CGD 77-081...

  6. 46 CFR 188.10-77 - Vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Vessel. 188.10-77 Section 188.10-77 Shipping COAST GUARD... Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-77 Vessel. Where the word “vessel” is used in this subchapter, it... in Column 7 of Table 188.05-1(a). [CGFR 67-83, 33 FR 1113, Jan. 27, 1968, as amended by CGD 77-081...

  7. 46 CFR 188.10-77 - Vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Vessel. 188.10-77 Section 188.10-77 Shipping COAST GUARD... Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-77 Vessel. Where the word “vessel” is used in this subchapter, it... in Column 7 of Table 188.05-1(a). [CGFR 67-83, 33 FR 1113, Jan. 27, 1968, as amended by CGD 77-081...

  8. 46 CFR 31.10-32 - Loading information-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Loading information-TB/ALL. 31.10-32 Section 31.10-32 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION Inspections § 31.10-32 Loading information—TB/ALL. (a) This section applies to each tankship and tank barge the...

  9. 46 CFR 31.10-32 - Loading information-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Loading information-TB/ALL. 31.10-32 Section 31.10-32 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION Inspections § 31.10-32 Loading information—TB/ALL. (a) This section applies to each tankship and tank barge the...

  10. 46 CFR 31.10-32 - Loading information-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Loading information-TB/ALL. 31.10-32 Section 31.10-32 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION Inspections § 31.10-32 Loading information—TB/ALL. (a) This section applies to each tankship and tank barge the...

  11. 46 CFR 31.10-32 - Loading information-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Loading information-TB/ALL. 31.10-32 Section 31.10-32 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION Inspections § 31.10-32 Loading information—TB/ALL. (a) This section applies to each tankship and tank barge the...

  12. Picosecond view of a martensitic transition and nucleation in the shape memory alloy M n50N i40S n10 by four-dimensional transmission electron microscopy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Ming; Cao, Gaolong; Tian, Huanfang; Sun, Shuaishuai; Li, Zhongwen; Li, Xingyuan; Guo, Cong; Li, Zian; Yang, Huaixin; Li, Jianqi

    2017-11-01

    The photoinduced martensitic (MT) transition and reverse transition in a shape memory alloy M n50N i40S n10 have been examined by using high spatiotemporal resolution four-dimensional transmission electron microscopy (4D-TEM), and the experimental results clearly demonstrate that the MT transition and reverse transition in this Heusler alloy contain a variety of structural dynamic features at picosecond time scales. The 4D-TEM imaging and diffraction observations clearly show that MT transition and MT domain nucleation, which are related to cooperative atomic motions, occur at between 10 and 20 ps, depending on the thickness of the sample. Moreover, a strong coupling between the MT transition and lattice breathing mode is discovered in this system, which can result in a periodic structural oscillation between the MT phase and austenitic (AUS) phase. This allows us to directly observe the MT nucleation and domain wall motions in transient states using high spatiotemporal imaging. A careful analysis of the ultrafast images demonstrates the presence of remarkable transient states, which exhibit the essential features of MT nucleation, lattice symmetry breaking, and a rapid growth of MT plates. These results not only provide insights into the time-resolved structural dynamics and elementary mechanisms that govern the MT transition but also contribute to the development of a novel technique for future 4D-TEM investigations.

  13. 18 CFR 2.7 - Recreational development at licensed projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Recreational development at licensed projects. 2.7 Section 2.7 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY... facilities. [Order 313, 30 FR 16198, Dec. 29, 1965, as amended by Order 375-B, 35 FR 6315, Apr. 18, 1970...

  14. 18 CFR 2.7 - Recreational development at licensed projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Recreational development at licensed projects. 2.7 Section 2.7 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY... facilities. [Order 313, 30 FR 16198, Dec. 29, 1965, as amended by Order 375-B, 35 FR 6315, Apr. 18, 1970...

  15. 18 CFR 2.7 - Recreational development at licensed projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Recreational development at licensed projects. 2.7 Section 2.7 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY... facilities. [Order 313, 30 FR 16198, Dec. 29, 1965, as amended by Order 375-B, 35 FR 6315, Apr. 18, 1970...

  16. 18 CFR 2.7 - Recreational development at licensed projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Recreational development at licensed projects. 2.7 Section 2.7 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY... facilities. [Order 313, 30 FR 16198, Dec. 29, 1965, as amended by Order 375-B, 35 FR 6315, Apr. 18, 1970...

  17. Dealing with periodical loads and harmonics in operational modal analysis using time-varying transmissibility functions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Weijtjens, Wout; Lataire, John; Devriendt, Christof; Guillaume, Patrick

    2014-12-01

    Periodical loads, such as waves and rotating machinery, form a problem for operational modal analysis (OMA). In OMA only the vibrations of a structure of interest are measured and little to nothing is known about the loads causing these vibrations. Therefore, it is often assumed that all dynamics in the measured data are linked to the system of interest. Periodical loads defy this assumption as their periodical behavior is often visible within the measured vibrations. As a consequence most OMA techniques falsely associate the dynamics of the periodical load with the system of interest. Without additional information about the load, one is not able to correctly differentiate between structural dynamics and the dynamics of the load. In several applications, e.g. turbines and helicopters, it was observed that because of periodical loads one was unable to correctly identify one or multiple modes. Transmissibility based OMA (TOMA) is a completely different approach to OMA. By using transmissibility functions to estimate the structural dynamics of the system of interest, all influence of the load-spectrum can be eliminated. TOMA therefore allows to identify the modal parameters without being influenced by the presence of periodical loads, such as harmonics. One of the difficulties of TOMA is that the analyst is required to find two independent datasets, each associated with a different loading condition of the system of interest. This poses a dilemma for TOMA; how can an analyst identify two different loading conditions when little is known about the loads on the system? This paper tackles that problem by assuming that the loading conditions vary continuously over time, e.g. the changing wind directions. From this assumption TOMA is developed into a time-varying framework. This development allows TOMA to not only cope with the continuously changing loading conditions. The time-varying framework also enables the identification of the modal parameters from a single dataset

  18. Quantifying Transmission of Highly Pathogenic and Low Pathogenicity H7N1 Avian Influenza in Turkeys

    PubMed Central

    Saenz, Roberto A.; Essen, Steve C.; Brookes, Sharon M.; Iqbal, Munir; Wood, James L. N.; Grenfell, Bryan T.; McCauley, John W.; Brown, Ian H.; Gog, Julia R.

    2012-01-01

    Outbreaks of avian influenza in poultry can be devastating, yet many of the basic epidemiological parameters have not been accurately characterised. In 1999–2000 in Northern Italy, outbreaks of H7N1 low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAI) were followed by the emergence of H7N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI). This study investigates the transmission dynamics in turkeys of representative HPAI and LPAI H7N1 virus strains from this outbreak in an experimental setting, allowing direct comparison of the two strains. The fitted transmission rates for the two strains are similar: 2.04 (1.5–2.7) per day for HPAI, 2.01 (1.6–2.5) per day for LPAI. However, the mean infectious period is far shorter for HPAI (1.47 (1.3–1.7) days) than for LPAI (7.65 (7.0–8.3) days), due to the rapid death of infected turkeys. Hence the basic reproductive ratio, is significantly lower for HPAI (3.01 (2.2–4.0)) than for LPAI (15.3 (11.8–19.7)). The comparison of transmission rates and are critically important in relation to understanding how HPAI might emerge from LPAI. Two competing hypotheses for how transmission rates vary with population size are tested by fitting competing models to experiments with differing numbers of turkeys. A model with frequency-dependent transmission gives a significantly better fit to experimental data than density-dependent transmission. This has important implications for extrapolating experimental results from relatively small numbers of birds to the commercial poultry flock size, and for how control, including vaccination, might scale with flock size. PMID:23028760

  19. 14 CFR 27.1565 - Tail rotor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Tail rotor. 27.1565 Section 27.1565 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS... conditions. [Amdt. 27-2, 33 FR 965, Jan. 26, 1968] Rotorcraft Flight Manual and Approved Manual Material ...

  20. 14 CFR 27.1565 - Tail rotor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Tail rotor. 27.1565 Section 27.1565 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS... conditions. [Amdt. 27-2, 33 FR 965, Jan. 26, 1968] Rotorcraft Flight Manual and Approved Manual Material ...

  1. 14 CFR 27.1565 - Tail rotor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Tail rotor. 27.1565 Section 27.1565 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS... conditions. [Amdt. 27-2, 33 FR 965, Jan. 26, 1968] Rotorcraft Flight Manual and Approved Manual Material ...

  2. 14 CFR 27.1565 - Tail rotor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Tail rotor. 27.1565 Section 27.1565 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS... conditions. [Amdt. 27-2, 33 FR 965, Jan. 26, 1968] Rotorcraft Flight Manual and Approved Manual Material ...

  3. 14 CFR 27.1565 - Tail rotor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Tail rotor. 27.1565 Section 27.1565 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS... conditions. [Amdt. 27-2, 33 FR 965, Jan. 26, 1968] Rotorcraft Flight Manual and Approved Manual Material ...

  4. Transmission potential of influenza A/H7N9, February to May 2013, China

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background On 31 March 2013, the first human infections with the novel influenza A/H7N9 virus were reported in Eastern China. The outbreak expanded rapidly in geographic scope and size, with a total of 132 laboratory-confirmed cases reported by 3 June 2013, in 10 Chinese provinces and Taiwan. The incidence of A/H7N9 cases has stalled in recent weeks, presumably as a consequence of live bird market closures in the most heavily affected areas. Here we compare the transmission potential of influenza A/H7N9 with that of other emerging pathogens and evaluate the impact of intervention measures in an effort to guide pandemic preparedness. Methods We used a Bayesian approach combined with a SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed) transmission model fitted to daily case data to assess the reproduction number (R) of A/H7N9 by province and to evaluate the impact of live bird market closures in April and May 2013. Simulation studies helped quantify the performance of our approach in the context of an emerging pathogen, where human-to-human transmission is limited and most cases arise from spillover events. We also used alternative approaches to estimate R based on individual-level information on prior exposure and compared the transmission potential of influenza A/H7N9 with that of other recent zoonoses. Results Estimates of R for the A/H7N9 outbreak were below the epidemic threshold required for sustained human-to-human transmission and remained near 0.1 throughout the study period, with broad 95% credible intervals by the Bayesian method (0.01 to 0.49). The Bayesian estimation approach was dominated by the prior distribution, however, due to relatively little information contained in the case data. We observe a statistically significant deceleration in growth rate after 6 April 2013, which is consistent with a reduction in A/H7N9 transmission associated with the preemptive closure of live bird markets. Although confidence intervals are broad, the estimated

  5. 78 FR 35766 - North Carolina: Final Authorization of State Hazardous Waste Management Program Revisions

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-14

    ..., effective March 19, 1991 (56 FR 1929); April 10, 1991, effective June 9, 1991 (56 FR 14474); July 19, 1991, effective September 17, 1991 (56 FR 33206); April 27, 1992, effective June 26, 1992 (57 FR 15254); December... Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use'' (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001) because it is not a...

  6. 27 CFR 24.32 - Records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Records. 24.32 Section 24.32 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE... control number 1512-0298) [T.D. ATF-299, 55 FR 24989, June 19, 1990, as amended by T.D. ATF-409, 64 FR...

  7. 27 CFR 24.32 - Records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Records. 24.32 Section 24.32 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE... control number 1512-0298) [T.D. ATF-299, 55 FR 24989, June 19, 1990, as amended by T.D. ATF-409, 64 FR...

  8. 27 CFR 10.5 - Delegations of the Administrator.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS COMMERCIAL BRIBERY Scope of Regulations § 10.5 Delegations of the... Administrator's Authorities in 27 CFR Part 10, Commercial Bribery. You may obtain a copy of this order by...

  9. Effects of Loading Frequency and Film Thickness on the Mechanical Behavior of Nanoscale TiN Film

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, Jin-na; Xu, Bin-shi; Wang, Hai-dou; Cui, Xiu-fang; Jin, Guo; Xing, Zhi-guo

    2017-09-01

    The mechanical properties of a nanoscale-thickness film material determine its reliability and service life. To achieve quantitative detection of film material mechanical performance based on nanoscale mechanical testing methods and to explore the influence of loading frequency of the cycle load on the fatigue test, a TiN film was prepared on monocrystalline silicon by magnetron sputtering. The microstructure of the nanoscale-thickness film material was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The residual stress distribution of the thin film was obtained by using an electronic film stress tester. The hardness values and the fatigue behavior were measured by using a nanomechanical tester. Combined with finite element simulation, the paper analyzed the influence of the film thickness and loading frequency on the deformation, as well as the equivalent stress and strain. The results showed that the TiN film was a typical face-centered cubic structure with a large amount of amorphous. The residual compressive stress decreased gradually with increasing thin film thickness, and the influence of the substrate on the elastic modulus and hardness was also reduced. A greater load frequency would accelerate the dynamic fatigue damage that occurs in TiN films.

  10. 41 CFR 101-30.101-16 - Data transmission.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Data transmission. 101....1-General § 101-30.101-16 Data transmission. Data transmission means the operation of telecommunication equipment for the receipt and transmission of item identification and management data. [41 FR...

  11. 27 CFR 25.11 - Meaning of terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Meaning of terms. 25.11... submitted in support thereof, has been examined by me and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, is true...; TTB T.D.-21, 70 FR 235, Jan. 3, 2005; T.D. TTB-44, 71 FR 16941, Apr. 4, 2006; T.D. TTB-91, 76 FR 5478...

  12. 27 CFR 25.11 - Meaning of terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Meaning of terms. 25.11... submitted in support thereof, has been examined by me and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, is true...; TTB T.D.-21, 70 FR 235, Jan. 3, 2005; T.D. TTB-44, 71 FR 16941, Apr. 4, 2006; T.D. TTB-91, 76 FR 5478...

  13. 27 CFR 25.11 - Meaning of terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Meaning of terms. 25.11... submitted in support thereof, has been examined by me and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, is true...; TTB T.D.-21, 70 FR 235, Jan. 3, 2005; T.D. TTB-44, 71 FR 16941, Apr. 4, 2006; T.D. TTB-91, 76 FR 5478...

  14. 27 CFR 25.11 - Meaning of terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Meaning of terms. 25.11... submitted in support thereof, has been examined by me and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, is true...; TTB T.D.-21, 70 FR 235, Jan. 3, 2005; T.D. TTB-44, 71 FR 16941, Apr. 4, 2006; T.D. TTB-91, 76 FR 5478...

  15. 41 CFR 101-30.101-16 - Data transmission.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 2 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Data transmission. 101-30....1-General § 101-30.101-16 Data transmission. Data transmission means the operation of telecommunication equipment for the receipt and transmission of item identification and management data. [41 FR...

  16. 41 CFR 101-30.101-16 - Data transmission.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 2 2014-07-01 2012-07-01 true Data transmission. 101-30....1-General § 101-30.101-16 Data transmission. Data transmission means the operation of telecommunication equipment for the receipt and transmission of item identification and management data. [41 FR...

  17. 41 CFR 101-30.101-16 - Data transmission.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 2 2011-07-01 2007-07-01 true Data transmission. 101-30....1-General § 101-30.101-16 Data transmission. Data transmission means the operation of telecommunication equipment for the receipt and transmission of item identification and management data. [41 FR...

  18. 41 CFR 101-30.101-16 - Data transmission.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Data transmission. 101-30....1-General § 101-30.101-16 Data transmission. Data transmission means the operation of telecommunication equipment for the receipt and transmission of item identification and management data. [41 FR...

  19. 46 CFR 90.10-27 - Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI). 90.10-27 Section 90.10-27 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS..., Marine Inspection (OCMI). This term means any person from the civilian or military branch of the Coast...

  20. 46 CFR 90.10-27 - Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI). 90.10-27 Section 90.10-27 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS..., Marine Inspection (OCMI). This term means any person from the civilian or military branch of the Coast...

  1. 46 CFR 90.10-27 - Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI). 90.10-27 Section 90.10-27 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS..., Marine Inspection (OCMI). This term means any person from the civilian or military branch of the Coast...

  2. HIV-1 diversity, transmission dynamics and primary drug resistance in Angola.

    PubMed

    Bártolo, Inês; Zakovic, Suzana; Martin, Francisco; Palladino, Claudia; Carvalho, Patrícia; Camacho, Ricardo; Thamm, Sven; Clemente, Sofia; Taveira, Nuno

    2014-01-01

    To assess HIV-1 diversity, transmission dynamics and prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in Angola, five years after ART scale-up. Population sequencing of the pol gene was performed on 139 plasma samples collected in 2009 from drug-naive HIV-1 infected individuals living in Luanda. HIV-1 subtypes were determined using phylogenetic analysis. Drug resistance mutations were identified using the Calibrated Population Resistance Tool (CPR). Transmission networks were determined using phylogenetic analysis of all Angolan sequences present in the databases. Evolutionary trends were determined by comparison with a similar survey performed in 2001. 47.1% of the viruses were pure subtypes (all except B), 47.1% were recombinants and 5.8% were untypable. The prevalence of subtype A decreased significantly from 2001 to 2009 (40.0% to 10.8%, P = 0.0019) while the prevalence of unique recombinant forms (URFs) increased > 2-fold (40.0% to 83.1%, P < 0.0001). The most frequent URFs comprised untypable sequences with subtypes H (U/H, n = 7, 10.8%), A (U/A, n = 6, 9.2%) and G (G/U, n = 4, 6.2%). Newly identified U/H recombinants formed a highly supported monophyletic cluster suggesting a local and common origin. TDR mutation K103N was found in one (0.7%) patient (1.6% in 2001). Out of the 364 sequences sampled for transmission network analysis, 130 (35.7%) were part of a transmission network. Forty eight transmission clusters were identified; the majority (56.3%) comprised sequences sampled in 2008-2010 in Luanda which is consistent with a locally fuelled epidemic. Very low genetic distance was found in 27 transmission pairs sampled in the same year, suggesting recent transmission events. Transmission of drug resistant strains was still negligible in Luanda in 2009, five years after the scale-up of ART. The dominance of small and recent transmission clusters and the emergence of new URFs are consistent with a rising HIV-1 epidemics mainly driven by heterosexual

  3. Study of a conceptual nuclear energy center at Green River, Utah. Power demand, load center assessment and transmission

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Smith, D.R.; Thaik, A.; Pingel, P.

    This document constitutes a segment of a feasibility study investigating the ramification of constructing a nuclear energy center in an arid western region. In this phase of the study. The projected power demands and load center locations were reviewed and assessed. Alternative transmission systems were analysed and a conceptual transmission for bulk power transportation is proposed with potential line routes. Environmental impacts of the proposed transmission were also identified.

  4. Load-resistant coaxial transmission line

    DOEpatents

    Hall, David R.; Fox, Joe

    2006-01-03

    A transmission line for downhole tools that make up all or part of a tool string for drilling and production of oil, gas, and geothermal wells that can withstand the dynamic gravitational forces and other accelerations associated with downhole excavations. The transmission line has a metal tube, or outer conductor, that houses a coaxial wire inner conductor. A non-metallic dielectric material is interposed between the inner and outer conductors. The outer and inner conductors and the dielectric are sufficiently compressed together so that independent motion between them is abated. Compression of the components of the transmission line may be achieved by drawing the transmission through one or more dies in order to draw down the outer conductor onto the dielectric, or by expanding the inner conductor against the dielectric using a mandrel or hydraulic pressure. Non-metallic bead segments may be used in aid of the compression necessary to resist the dynamic forces and accelerations of drilling.

  5. 46 CFR 46.10-45 - Nonsubmergence subdivision load lines in salt water.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Nonsubmergence subdivision load lines in salt water. 46.10-45 Section 46.10-45 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-45 Nonsubmergence subdivision load lines in salt water. (a) Passenger vessels...

  6. Small passenger car transmission test-Chevrolet 200 transmission

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bujold, M. P.

    1980-01-01

    The small passenger car transmission was tested to supply electric vehicle manufacturers with technical information regarding the performance of commerically available transmissions which would enable them to design a more energy efficient vehicle. With this information the manufacturers could estimate vehicle driving range as well as speed and torque requirements for specific road load performance characteristics. A 1979 Chevrolet Model 200 automatic transmission was tested per a passenger car automatic transmission test code (SAE J651b) which required drive performance, coast performance, and no load test conditions. The transmission attained maximum efficiencies in the mid-eighty percent range for both drive performance tests and coast performance tests. Torque, speed and efficiency curves map the complete performance characteristics for Chevrolet Model 200 transmission.

  7. 14 CFR 27.1013 - Oil tanks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Oil tanks. 27.1013 Section 27.1013... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Oil System § 27.1013 Oil tanks. Each oil tank must be... prevent oil overflow from entering the oil tank compartment. [Doc. No. 5074, 29 FR 15695, Nov. 24, 1964...

  8. 14 CFR 27.1013 - Oil tanks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Oil tanks. 27.1013 Section 27.1013... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Oil System § 27.1013 Oil tanks. Each oil tank must be... prevent oil overflow from entering the oil tank compartment. [Doc. No. 5074, 29 FR 15695, Nov. 24, 1964...

  9. 14 CFR 27.1013 - Oil tanks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Oil tanks. 27.1013 Section 27.1013... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Oil System § 27.1013 Oil tanks. Each oil tank must be... prevent oil overflow from entering the oil tank compartment. [Doc. No. 5074, 29 FR 15695, Nov. 24, 1964...

  10. 14 CFR 27.1013 - Oil tanks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Oil tanks. 27.1013 Section 27.1013... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Oil System § 27.1013 Oil tanks. Each oil tank must be... prevent oil overflow from entering the oil tank compartment. [Doc. No. 5074, 29 FR 15695, Nov. 24, 1964...

  11. 14 CFR 27.1013 - Oil tanks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Oil tanks. 27.1013 Section 27.1013... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Oil System § 27.1013 Oil tanks. Each oil tank must be... prevent oil overflow from entering the oil tank compartment. [Doc. No. 5074, 29 FR 15695, Nov. 24, 1964...

  12. Analyzing the reliability of mechanical parts in 10 kV aerial transmission lines under ice-coating and wind effects in view of their design features

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Doletskaya, L. I.; Solopov, R. V.; Kavchenkov, V. P.; Andreenkov, E. S.

    2017-12-01

    The physical features of the damage of aerial lines with a voltage of 10 kV under ice and wind loads are examined, mathematical models for estimating the reliability the mechanical part in aerial lines with the application of analytical theoretical methods and corresponding mathematical models taking into account the probabilistic nature of ice and wind loads are described, calculation results on reliability, specific damage and average time for restoration in case of emergency outages of 10 kV high-voltage transmission aerial lines with the use of uninsulated and protected wires are presented.

  13. 27 CFR 555.23 - List of explosive materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Explosive Materials” (ATF Publication 5400.8) is available at no cost upon request from the ATF Distribution Center (See § 555.21). [T.D. ATF-290, 54 FR 53054, Dec. 27, 1989, as amended by T.D. ATF-446, 66 FR 16602...

  14. The improvement of low-resistance and high-transmission ohmic contact to p-GaN by Zn + implantation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhao, Shirong; Shi, Ying; Li, Hongjian; He, Qingyao

    2010-05-01

    The electrical and optical characteristics of Zn + ion-implanted Ni/Au ohmic contacts to p-GaN were investigated. After the preparation of Ni/Au electrode on the surface of p-GaN, the metal/ p-GaN contact interface was doped by 35 keV Zn + implantation with fluences of 5 × 10 15-5 × 10 16 cm -2. Subsequent rapid thermal annealing of the implanted samples were carried in air at 200-400 °C for 5 min. Obvious improvements of the electrode contact characteristics were observed, i.e. the decrease of specific contact resistance and the increase of light transmittance. The lowest specific contact resistance of 5.46 × 10 -5 Ω cm 2 was achieved by 1 × 10 16 cm -2 Zn + implantation. The transmission enhancement of the electrodes was found as the annealing temperature rises. Together with the morphology and structure analyses of the contacts by scanning and transmission electron microscope, the corresponding mechanism for such an improvement was discussed.

  15. Decrease of dynamic loads in mobile energy means

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Polivaev, O. I.; Gorban, L. K.; Vorohobin, A. V.; Vedrinsky, O. S.

    2018-03-01

    The increase in the productivity of machine and tractor units is possible due to the increase in operating speeds, this leads to the emergence of increased dynamic loads in the system “engine-transmission-propulsion unit-soil”, which worsens the performance of machine-tractor aggregates. To reduce fluctuations in the “engine-transmission” system, special vibration dampers are used, which installed in close proximity to the engine and protect well the transmission from uneven engine operation; however, such dampers practically do not eliminate the oscillations of external loads. Reducing dynamic loads on the transmission and the mobile power engine (MPE) is an important issue directly related to improving the performance, reliability and durability of the tractor, as well as reducing the slippage of the drive wheels. In order to reduce effectively dynamic loads on the transmission and on the MPE, it is necessary to introduce resilient damping elements closer to the sources of oscillations, namely, to the driving wheels. At the same time, the elastic-damping element should provide accumulation of vibration energy caused by external influences and have a large energy capacity. The installation of an elastic-damping element in the final link of the tractor transmission ensures a reduction in the magnitude of external influences, thereby protecting the engine and transmission from large dynamic loads, and allows one to reduce the slippage of the propellers, which has a positive effect on the traction and energy characteristics of the tractor. Traction tests of the LTP-55 tractor on a concrete road showed that the use of an elasto-damping drive makes it possible to increase the maximum tractive power from 33.5 to 35.3 kW and to reduce the slipping of propellers by 12-30%, the specific fuel consumption by 6-10%. When driving on stubble, the use of an elastic-damping drive increases the maximum tractive power from 25 to 26 kW, reduces the skidding of propellers by

  16. 27 CFR 7.10 - Meaning of terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Definitions § 7.10 Meaning of... Administrator's Authorities in 27 CFR Part 7, Labeling and Advertising of Malt Beverages. Brand label. The label..., joint-stock company, business trust, association, corporation, or other form of business enterprise...

  17. 10 CFR 1016.33 - External transmission of documents and material.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false External transmission of documents and material. 1016.33 Section 1016.33 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (GENERAL PROVISIONS) SAFEGUARDING OF RESTRICTED DATA Control of Information § 1016.33 External transmission of documents and material. (a) Restrictions. (1...

  18. 27 CFR 10.11 - Meaning of terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., Delegation of the Administrator's Authorities in 27 CFR Part 10, Commercial Bribery. Industry member. Any... importer or wholesaler of distilled spirits, wine or malt beverages, or as a bottler, or warehouseman and bottler, of distilled spirits; industry member does not include an agency of a State or political...

  19. 27 CFR 10.24 - Sales promotion contests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Sales promotion contests..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL COMMERCIAL BRIBERY Commercial Bribery § 10.24 Sales promotion contests. Sales contests sponsored by an industry member which offer prizes directly or indirectly to trade buyer...

  20. Assessment of Embedded Conjugated Polymer Sensor Arrays for Potential Load Transmission Measurement in Orthopaedic Implants

    PubMed Central

    Micolini, Carolina; Holness, Frederick Benjamin; Johnson, James A.

    2017-01-01

    Load transfer through orthopaedic joint implants is poorly understood. The longer-term outcomes of these implants are just starting to be studied, making it imperative to monitor contact loads across the entire joint implant interface to elucidate the force transmission and distribution mechanisms exhibited by these implants in service. This study proposes and demonstrates the design, implementation, and characterization of a 3D-printed smart polymer sensor array using conductive polyaniline (PANI) structures embedded within a polymeric parent phase. The piezoresistive characteristics of PANI were investigated to characterize the sensing behaviour inherent to these embedded pressure sensor arrays, including the experimental determination of the stable response of PANI to continuous loading, stability throughout the course of loading and unloading cycles, and finally sensor repeatability and linearity in response to incremental loading cycles. This specially developed multi-material additive manufacturing process for PANI is shown be an attractive approach for the fabrication of implant components having embedded smart-polymer sensors, which could ultimately be employed for the measurement and analysis of joint loads in orthopaedic implants for in vitro testing. PMID:29186079

  1. Optimal resonance configuration for ultrasonic wireless power transmission to millimeter-sized biomedical implants.

    PubMed

    Miao Meng; Kiani, Mehdi

    2016-08-01

    In order to achieve efficient wireless power transmission (WPT) to biomedical implants with millimeter (mm) dimensions, ultrasonic WPT links have recently been proposed. Operating both transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) ultrasonic transducers at their resonance frequency (fr) is key in improving power transmission efficiency (PTE). In this paper, different resonance configurations for Tx and Rx transducers, including series and parallel resonance, have been studied to help the designers of ultrasonic WPT links to choose the optimal resonance configuration for Tx and Rx that maximizes PTE. The geometries for disk-shaped transducers of four different sets of links, operating at series-series, series-parallel, parallel-series, and parallel-parallel resonance configurations in Tx and Rx, have been found through finite-element method (FEM) simulation tools for operation at fr of 1.4 MHz. Our simulation results suggest that operating the Tx transducer with parallel resonance increases PTE, while the resonance configuration of the mm-sized Rx transducer highly depends on the load resistance, Rl. For applications that involve large Rl in the order of tens of kΩ, a parallel resonance for a mm-sized Rx leads to higher PTE, while series resonance is preferred for Rl in the order of several kΩ and below.

  2. Cryo-EM structure of a helicase loading intermediate containing ORC–Cdc6–Cdt1–MCM2-7 bound to DNA

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sun, Jingchuan; Evrin, Cecile; Samel, Stefan A.

    2013-07-14

    In eukaryotes, the Cdt1-bound replicative helicase core MCM2-7 is loaded onto DNA by the ORC–Cdc6 ATPase to form a prereplicative complex (pre-RC) with an MCM2-7 double hexamer encircling DNA. Using purified components in the presence of ATP-γS, we have captured in vitro an intermediate in pre-RC assembly that contains a complex between the ORC–Cdc6 and Cdt1–MCM2-7 heteroheptamers called the OCCM. Cryo-EM studies of this 14-subunit complex reveal that the two separate heptameric complexes are engaged extensively, with the ORC–Cdc6 N-terminal AAA+ domains latching onto the C-terminal AAA+ motor domains of the MCM2-7 hexamer. The conformation of ORC–Cdc6 undergoes a concertedmore » change into a right-handed spiral with helical symmetry that is identical to that of the DNA double helix. The resulting ORC–Cdc6 helicase loader shows a notable structural similarity to the replication factor C clamp loader, suggesting a conserved mechanism of action.« less

  3. 46 CFR 31.10-32 - Loading information-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... § 31.10-32 Loading information—TB/ALL. (a) This section applies to each tankship and tank barge the... have the loading information prescribed in either § 42.15-1(a) or § 45.105(a) of this chapter. For tank vessels subject to the Load Line Acts the information must be approved by the Commandant or by a...

  4. 10 CFR 34.27 - Leak testing and replacement of sealed sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Leak testing and replacement of sealed sources. 34.27 Section 34.27 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION LICENSES FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY AND RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS Equipment § 34.27 Leak testing and replacement...

  5. 10 CFR 34.27 - Leak testing and replacement of sealed sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Leak testing and replacement of sealed sources. 34.27 Section 34.27 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION LICENSES FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY AND RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS Equipment § 34.27 Leak testing and replacement...

  6. 10 CFR 34.27 - Leak testing and replacement of sealed sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Leak testing and replacement of sealed sources. 34.27 Section 34.27 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION LICENSES FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY AND RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS Equipment § 34.27 Leak testing and replacement...

  7. 10 CFR 34.27 - Leak testing and replacement of sealed sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Leak testing and replacement of sealed sources. 34.27 Section 34.27 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION LICENSES FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY AND RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS Equipment § 34.27 Leak testing and replacement...

  8. 10 CFR 34.27 - Leak testing and replacement of sealed sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Leak testing and replacement of sealed sources. 34.27 Section 34.27 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION LICENSES FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY AND RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS Equipment § 34.27 Leak testing and replacement...

  9. 39 CFR 952.27 - Motion for reconsideration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... forth the points of fact and of law relied upon in support of said motion. [36 FR 11563, June 16, 1971... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Motion for reconsideration. 952.27 Section 952.27... REPRESENTATION AND LOTTERY ORDERS § 952.27 Motion for reconsideration. A party may file a motion for...

  10. 39 CFR 952.27 - Motion for reconsideration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... brief clearly setting forth the points of fact and of law relied upon in support of said motion. [36 FR... 39 Postal Service 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Motion for reconsideration. 952.27 Section 952.27... REPRESENTATION AND LOTTERY ORDERS (EFF. UNTIL 7-22-2011) § 952.27 Motion for reconsideration. A party may file a...

  11. Identification of Interleukin-27 (IL-27)/IL-27 Receptor Subunit Alpha as a Critical Immune Axis for In Vivo HIV Control.

    PubMed

    Ruiz-Riol, M; Berdnik, D; Llano, A; Mothe, B; Gálvez, C; Pérez-Álvarez, S; Oriol-Tordera, B; Olvera, A; Silva-Arrieta, S; Meulbroek, M; Pujol, F; Coll, J; Martinez-Picado, J; Ganoza, C; Sanchez, J; Gómez, G; Wyss-Coray, T; Brander, C

    2017-08-15

    Intact and broad immune cell effector functions and specific individual cytokines have been linked to HIV disease outcome, but their relative contribution to HIV control remains unclear. We asked whether the proteome of secreted cytokines and signaling factors in peripheral blood can be used to discover specific pathways critical for host viral control. A custom glass-based microarray, able to measure >600 plasma proteins involved in cell-to-cell communication, was used to measure plasma protein profiles in 96 HIV-infected, treatment-naive individuals with high (>50,000) or low (<10,000 HIV RNA copies/ml) viral loads. Univariate and regression model analysis demonstrate that plasma levels of soluble interleukin-27 (IL-27) are significantly elevated in individuals with high plasma viremia ( P < 0.0001) and are positively correlated with proviral HIV-DNA copy numbers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (Rho = 0.4011; P = 0.0027). Moreover, soluble IL-27 plasma levels are negatively associated with the breadth and magnitude of the total virus-specific T-cell responses and directly with plasma levels of molecules involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition to IL-27, gene expression levels of the specific IL-27 receptor ( IL27RA ) in PBMC correlated directly with both plasma viral load (Rho = 0.3531; P = 0.0218) and the proviral copy number in the peripheral blood as an indirect measure of partial viral reservoir (Rho = 0.4580; P = 0.0030). These results were validated in unrelated cohorts of early infected subjects as well as subjects before and after initiation of antiretroviral treatment, and they identify IL-27 and its specific receptor as a critical immune axis for the antiviral immune response and as robust correlates of viral load and proviral reservoir size in PBMC. IMPORTANCE The detailed knowledge of immune mechanisms that contribute to HIV control is a prerequisite for the design of effective treatment strategies to achieve HIV cure. Cells

  12. 27 CFR 21.100 - n-Butyl alcohol.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false n-Butyl alcohol. 21.100 Section 21.100 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT....100 n-Butyl alcohol. (a) Acidity (as acetic acid). 0.03 percent by weight maximum. (b) Color...

  13. 27 CFR 21.100 - n-Butyl alcohol.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false n-Butyl alcohol. 21.100 Section 21.100 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT....100 n-Butyl alcohol. (a) Acidity (as acetic acid). 0.03 percent by weight maximum. (b) Color...

  14. 14 CFR 27.801 - Ditching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... external doors and windows are accounted for in the investigation of the probable behavior of the... and windows must be designed to withstand the probable maximum local pressures. [Amdt. 27-11, 41 FR...

  15. 27 CFR 10.6 - Administrative provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... reasonable times have access to, for the purpose of examination, and the right to copy any documentary... and the production of all such documentary evidence relating to any matter under investigation, upon a.... (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1512-0392) [T.D. ATF-364, 60 FR 20426...

  16. 27 CFR 25.11 - Meaning of terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Meaning of terms. 25.11... submitted in support thereof, has been examined by men and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, is true...; TTB T.D.-21, 70 FR 235, Jan. 3, 2005; T.D. TTB-44, 71 FR 16941, Apr. 4, 2006] Standards for Beer ...

  17. 47 CFR 10.340 - Digital television transmission towers retransmission capability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... retransmission capability. 10.340 Section 10.340 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL COMMERCIAL MOBILE ALERT SYSTEM System Architecture § 10.340 Digital television transmission towers... those terms as defined in section 397(6) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 397(6))) are...

  18. PIC simulations of conical magnetically insulated transmission line with LTD generator: Transition from self-limited to load-limited flow

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, Laqun; Wang, Huihui; Guo, Fan; Zou, Wenkang; Liu, Dagang

    2017-04-01

    Based on the 3-dimensional Particle-In-Cell (PIC) code CHIPIC3D, with a new circuit boundary algorithm we developed, a conical magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL) with a 1.0-MV linear transformer driver (LTD) is explored numerically. The values of switch jitter time of LTD are critical parameters for the system, which are difficult to be measured experimentally. In this paper, these values are obtained by comparing the PIC results with experimental data of large diode-gap MITL. By decreasing the diode gap, we find that all PIC results agree well with experimental data only if MITL works on self-limited flow no matter how large the diode gap is. However, when the diode gap decreases to a threshold, the self-limited flow would transfer to a load-limited flow. In this situation, PIC results no longer agree with experimental data anymore due to the anode plasma expansion in the diode load. This disagreement is used to estimate the plasma expansion speed.

  19. 27 CFR 20.3 - Related regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Related regulations. 20.3... regulations. Regulations related to this part are listed below: 16 CFR Chapter I—Federal Trade Commission. 16... Regulations. 27 CFR Part 71—Rules of Practice in Permit Proceedings. [T.D. ATF-199, 50 FR 9162, Mar. 6, 1985...

  20. 14 CFR 27.865 - External loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS... must be shown by analysis, test, or both, that the rotorcraft external load attaching means for rotorcraft-load combinations to be used for nonhuman external cargo applications can withstand a limit static...

  1. 14 CFR 27.865 - External loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS... must be shown by analysis, test, or both, that the rotorcraft external load attaching means for rotorcraft-load combinations to be used for nonhuman external cargo applications can withstand a limit static...

  2. 14 CFR 27.865 - External loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS... must be shown by analysis, test, or both, that the rotorcraft external load attaching means for rotorcraft-load combinations to be used for nonhuman external cargo applications can withstand a limit static...

  3. 14 CFR 27.865 - External loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS... must be shown by analysis, test, or both, that the rotorcraft external load attaching means for rotorcraft-load combinations to be used for nonhuman external cargo applications can withstand a limit static...

  4. 14 CFR 27.865 - External loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS... must be shown by analysis, test, or both, that the rotorcraft external load attaching means for rotorcraft-load combinations to be used for nonhuman external cargo applications can withstand a limit static...

  5. 78 FR 13213 - Regional Reliability Standard PRC-006-NPCC-1- Automatic Underfrequency Load Shedding

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-27

    ...; Order No. 775] Regional Reliability Standard PRC-006-NPCC-1--Automatic Underfrequency Load Shedding... transferred to the system upon loss of the facility.'' \\27\\ Compensatory load shedding is automatic shedding of load adequate to compensate for the loss of a generator due to the generator tripping early (i.e...

  6. Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Novel Reassortant H3N2 Influenza Viruses with 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Genes in Pigs

    PubMed Central

    Ma, Jingjiao; Shen, Huigang; Liu, Qinfang; Bawa, Bhupinder; Qi, Wenbao; Duff, Michael; Lang, Yuekun; Lee, Jinhwa; Yu, Hai; Bai, Jianfa; Tong, Guangzhi; Hesse, Richard A.; Richt, Jürgen A.

    2014-01-01

    ABSTRACT At least 10 different genotypes of novel reassortant H3N2 influenza viruses with 2009 pandemic H1N1 [A(H1N1)pdm09] gene(s) have been identified in U.S. pigs, including the H3N2 variant with a single A(H1N1)pdm09 M gene, which has infected more than 300 people. To date, only three genotypes of these viruses have been evaluated in animal models, and the pathogenicity and transmissibility of the other seven genotype viruses remain unknown. Here, we show that three H3N2 reassortant viruses that contain 3 (NP, M, and NS) or 5 (PA, PB2, NP, M, and NS) genes from A(H1N1)pdm09 were pathogenic in pigs, similar to the endemic H3N2 swine virus. However, the reassortant H3N2 virus with 3 A(H1N1)pdm09 genes and a recent human influenza virus N2 gene was transmitted most efficiently among pigs, whereas the reassortant H3N2 virus with 5 A(H1N1)pdm09 genes was transmitted less efficiently than the endemic H3N2 virus. Interestingly, the polymerase complex of reassortant H3N2 virus with 5 A(H1N1)pdm09 genes showed significantly higher polymerase activity than those of endemic and reassortant H3N2 viruses with 3 A(H1N1)pdm09 genes. Further studies showed that an avian-like glycine at position 228 at the hemagglutinin (HA) receptor binding site is responsible for inefficient transmission of the reassortant H3N2 virus with 5 A(H1N1)pdm09 genes. Taken together, our results provide insights into the pathogenicity and transmissibility of novel reassortant H3N2 viruses in pigs and suggest that a mammalian-like serine at position 228 in the HA is critical for the transmissibility of these reassortant H3N2 viruses. IMPORTANCE Swine influenza is a highly contagious zoonotic disease that threatens animal and public health. Introduction of 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus [A(H1N1)pdm09] into swine herds has resulted in novel reassortant influenza viruses in swine, including H3N2 and H1N2 variants that have caused human infections in the United States. We showed that reassortant H3N2 influenza

  7. 47 CFR 27.1111 - Relocation of fixed microwave service licensees in the 2110-2150 and 2160-2200 MHz bands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Relocation of fixed microwave service licensees... Incumbents § 27.1111 Relocation of fixed microwave service licensees in the 2110-2150 and 2160-2200 MHz bands... of incumbent fixed microwave service licensees in the 2110-2150 MHz and 2160-2200 MHz bands. [79 FR...

  8. 14 CFR 27.471 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false General. 27.471 Section 27.471 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Strength Requirements Ground Loads § 27.471 General. (a) Loads and...

  9. 14 CFR 27.471 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false General. 27.471 Section 27.471 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Strength Requirements Ground Loads § 27.471 General. (a) Loads and...

  10. Recent Enhancements to the NASA Langley Structural Acoustics Loads and Transmission (SALT) Facility

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rizzi, Stephen A.; Cabell, Randolph H.; Allen, Albert R.

    2013-01-01

    The Structural Acoustics Loads and Transmission (SALT) facility at the NASA Langley Research Center is comprised of an anechoic room and a reverberant room, and may act as a transmission loss suite when test articles are mounted in a window connecting the two rooms. In the latter configuration, the reverberant room acts as the noise source side and the anechoic room as the receiver side. The noise generation system used for qualification testing in the reverberant room was previously shown to achieve a maximum overall sound pressure level of 141 dB. This is considered to be marginally adequate for generating sound pressure levels typically required for launch vehicle payload qualification testing. Recent enhancements to the noise generation system increased the maximum overall sound pressure level to 154 dB, through the use of two airstream modulators coupled to 35 Hz and 160 Hz horns. This paper documents the acoustic performance of the enhanced noise generation system for a variety of relevant test spectra. Additionally, it demonstrates the capability of the SALT facility to conduct transmission loss and absorption testing in accordance with ASTM and ISO standards, respectively. A few examples of test capabilities are shown and include transmission loss testing of simple unstiffened and built up structures and measurement of the diffuse field absorption coefficient of a fibrous acoustic blanket.

  11. Improved (10)B-loaded liquid scintillator with pulse-shape discrimination.

    PubMed

    Greenwood, L R; Chellew, N R

    1979-04-01

    An improved (10)B-loaded liquid scintillator solution has been developed containing trimethylborate, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 9,10-diphenylanthracene. Cells up to 5 cm in diameter by 15.2 cm long have been prepared and tested with (10)B-loadings up to 7.2% by weight (80% trimethylborate). The solution has excellent light output and pulse-shape discrimination properties and is stable at temperatures as low as -17 degrees C. Neutron efficiency calculations are also presented.

  12. The cellular and Genomic response of rat dopaminergic neurons (N27) to coated nanosilver

    EPA Science Inventory

    This study examined if nanosilver (nanoAg) of different sizes and coatings were differentially toxic to oxidative stress-sensitive neurons. N27 rat dopaminergic neurons were exposed (0.5-5ppm) to a set of nanoAg of different sizes (10nm, 75nm) and coatings (PVP, citrate) and thei...

  13. Prevention of Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B: An Observation Study

    PubMed Central

    Kubo, Ai; Shlager, Lyle; Marks, Amy R.; Lakritz, Dena; Beaumont, Colette; Gabellini, Kim; Corley, Douglas A.

    2014-01-01

    Background For mothers with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the US Centers for Disease Control recommend immunoprophylaxis to decrease perinatal transmission; however, its effectiveness and risk factors for failure have not been well studied in community practice. Objective To investigate the effectiveness of a contemporary immunoprophylaxis protocol. Design Observational study. Setting HBV perinatal immunoprophylaxis program within Kaiser Permanente Northern California, an integrated health services delivery organization. Patients 4,446 infants born to 3,253 HBV positive mothers, between 1997-2010. Measurements Compliance with immunoprophylaxis, follow-up testing rates, maternal risk factors for HBV transmission and transmission rates. Results The infant infection rate was 0.75 per 100 births for 1997-2010 (Poisson 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48-1.10)]. Rates were 3.37 per 100 (95% CI 2.08-5.14) for e-antigen positive mothers; and 0.04 (95% CI 0.001-0.24) for e-antigen negative mothers. Among mothers with viral load testing, the lowest level associated with transmission was 63,200,000 IU/ml. Infection rates per 100 were 3.61 (95% CI 0.75-10.56) among the 83 births to mothers with viral loads ≥50,000,000 IU/mL and 0.00 among the 831 births to mothers with viral loads <50,000,000 IU/mL, regardless of e-antigen status. Limitations Testing for HBV immunity and infection was somewhat less complete in earlier years. Viral load testing was only consistently available starting in 2007. Conclusion Pre-natal HBV screening followed by post-natal prophylaxis is highly effective in preventing vertical transmission of HBV. A negative e-antigen status or a viral load of <50,000,000 IU/mL (90.9% of women tested) identifies women at extremely low risk of transmission after immunoprophylaxis who are unlikely to benefit from further interventions. Primary Funding Source Kaiser Permanente Community Benefit Grant (CN-09LShla-01-H); National Institute of Health (K07CA

  14. 7 CFR 249.27 - OMB Control Number.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false OMB Control Number. 249.27 Section 249.27 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... approved by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). The OMB approval number is 0584-0541. [72 FR 13671...

  15. Influenza A(H7N9) Virus Transmission between Finches and Poultry

    PubMed Central

    Jones, Jeremy C.; Sonnberg, Stephanie; Webby, Richard J.

    2015-01-01

    Low pathogenicity avian influenza A(H7N9) virus has been detected in poultry since 2013, and the virus has caused >450 infections in humans. The mode of subtype H7N9 virus transmission between avian species remains largely unknown, but various wild birds have been implicated as a source of transmission. H7N9 virus was recently detected in a wild sparrow in Shanghai, China, and passerine birds, such as finches, which share space and resources with wild migratory birds, poultry, and humans, can be productively infected with the virus. We demonstrate that interspecies transmission of H7N9 virus occurs readily between society finches and bobwhite quail but only sporadically between finches and chickens. Inoculated finches are better able to infect naive poultry than the reverse. Transmission occurs through shared water but not through the airborne route. It is therefore conceivable that passerine birds may serve as vectors for dissemination of H7N9 virus to domestic poultry. PMID:25811839

  16. Catalytic hydrogen sensing using microheated platinum nanoparticle-loaded graphene aerogel

    DOE PAGES

    Harley-Trochimczyk, Anna; Chang, Jiyoung; Zhou, Qin; ...

    2014-10-02

    We present that low power catalytic hydrogen sensors are fabricated by functionalizing low power polysilicon microheaters with platinum nanoparticle catalyst loaded in a high surface area graphene aerogel support. Fabrication and characterization of the polysilicon microheaters are described. The platinum nanoparticle-loaded graphene aerogel is characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, the catalytic hydrogen sensors consume as little as 2.2 mW of power, have sensitivity of 1.6%/10,000 ppm hydrogen, a t90 response and recovery time of 0.97 s and 0.72 s, respectively, a lower detection limit of approximately 65 ppm, and negligible crossmore » sensitivity to methane, n-pentane, and diethylether.« less

  17. Compatibility of an Ultraselective Microcatheter and Epirubicin Loaded 300-500-μm DC Bead in Ex Vivo Study.

    PubMed

    Fukuoka, Yasushi; Tanaka, Toshihiro; Nishiofuku, Hideyuki; Sato, Takeshi; Kichikawa, Kimihiko

    2015-10-01

    The purpose of this study is to examine whether epirubicin loaded DC Bead 300-500 μm in size can pass through a 1.8-Fr ultraselective microcatheter in ex vivo study. Epirubicin (25 mg/1 mL) loaded 100-300 and 300-500 μm DC Bead were tested. Both sizes were diluted 5, 10, and 30 times using contrast material. Ultraselective microcatheter with the outer diameter of 1.8 Fr and the inner diameter of .017 inch (431.8 μm) was used. The diluted DC Bead was injected at a speed of 1 mL/min, and the pressure was continuously measured. The microspheres' shapes after ejection were observed by a stereomicroscope. The maximum pressure of contrast material alone was 8.40 ± 0.21 psi. The maximum pressure in 5, 10, and 30 times dilution groups of 100-300 μm were 9.67 ± 1.18, 9.25 ± 0.25, and 9.71 ± 0.28 psi, respectively, whereas 21.10 ± 10.2, 10.48 ± 2.14, 10.09 ± 0.37 psi, respectively in 300-500 μm groups. The maximum pressure in 5 times dilution group of 300-500 μm was significantly higher than the other groups (P < 0.05). In 300-500 μm, 4 of 10 measurements showed high pressure over 24 psi (the maximum value was 43.5 psi) in 5 times dilution group, whereas in 10 times and 30 times dilution groups, all measurements showed less than 12 psi. No damages of microspheres were found. Epirubicin loaded DC Bead 300-500 μm in size can pass through a 1.8-Fr ultraselective microcatheter. To avoid high resistance due to microspheres' aggregation, dilution more than 10 times is needed.

  18. 27 CFR 10.53 - Practices not resulting in exclusion. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Practices not resulting in exclusion. [Reserved] 10.53 Section 10.53 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS COMMERCIAL BRIBERY Exclusion § 10.53 Practices not...

  19. 27 CFR 10.53 - Practices not resulting in exclusion. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Practices not resulting in exclusion. [Reserved] 10.53 Section 10.53 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... resulting in exclusion. [Reserved] ...

  20. 27 CFR 10.53 - Practices not resulting in exclusion. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Practices not resulting in exclusion. [Reserved] 10.53 Section 10.53 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... resulting in exclusion. [Reserved] ...

  1. 46 CFR 112.15-10 - Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Loads § 112.15-10 Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source. If there is no temporary emergency power source, the loads... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power...

  2. 46 CFR 112.15-10 - Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Loads § 112.15-10 Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source. If there is no temporary emergency power source, the loads... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power...

  3. 46 CFR 112.15-10 - Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Loads § 112.15-10 Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source. If there is no temporary emergency power source, the loads... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power...

  4. 46 CFR 112.15-10 - Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Loads § 112.15-10 Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source. If there is no temporary emergency power source, the loads... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power...

  5. 46 CFR 112.15-10 - Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Loads § 112.15-10 Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source. If there is no temporary emergency power source, the loads... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power...

  6. Advanced Rotorcraft Transmission Program

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-05-21

    600 a/c, 25 year, 420 FH per year.] Sikorskya Boeing MDHC Bell (ACA) (FAR-TTR) (FAR) (FAR-TTR) Transmission weight, lb 7879 (-27%) 1359(-25%) 1344(-25...LII " IVI NI I V f NWlY - f Nj Ii ( 1111 Cl AI 111011 CANIAL RAI P) IOW~I~t N*S SP-I - I CMl’ l A NI S I AR Il VIA.Ill j I~~)J Nil VI ~ IAI AANY

  7. 27 CFR 10.54 - Criteria for determining trade buyer independence.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Criteria for determining trade buyer independence. 10.54 Section 10.54 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL COMMERCIAL BRIBERY Exclusion § 10.54 Criteria for determining trade buyer independence....

  8. 27 CFR 10.54 - Criteria for determining trade buyer independence.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Criteria for determining trade buyer independence. 10.54 Section 10.54 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS COMMERCIAL BRIBERY Exclusion § 10.54 Criteria for determining trade buyer independence....

  9. 10 CFR 60.72 - Construction records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... least the following: (1) Surveys of the underground facility excavations, shafts, and boreholes... emplacement, and location of seals used. [48 FR 28222, June 21, 1983, as amended at 53 FR 19251, May 27, 1988] ...

  10. 27 CFR 21.118 - Methyl n-butyl ketone.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Methyl n-butyl ketone. 21.118 Section 21.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU....118 Methyl n-butyl ketone. (a) Acidity (as acetic acid). 0.02 percent by weight, maximum. (b) Color...

  11. 27 CFR 21.118 - Methyl n-butyl ketone.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Methyl n-butyl ketone. 21.118 Section 21.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU....118 Methyl n-butyl ketone. (a) Acidity (as acetic acid). 0.02 percent by weight, maximum. (b) Color...

  12. RPE vs. Percentage 1RM Loading in Periodized Programs Matched for Sets and Repetitions

    PubMed Central

    Helms, Eric R.; Byrnes, Ryan K.; Cooke, Daniel M.; Haischer, Michael H.; Carzoli, Joseph P.; Johnson, Trevor K.; Cross, Matthew R.; Cronin, John B.; Storey, Adam G.; Zourdos, Michael C.

    2018-01-01

    Purpose: To investigate differences between rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and percentage one-repetition maximum (1RM) load assignment in resistance-trained males (19–35 years) performing protocols with matched sets and repetitions differentiated by load-assignment. Methods: Participants performed squats then bench press 3x/weeks in a daily undulating format over 8-weeks. Participants were counterbalanced by pre-test 1RM then assigned to percentage 1RM (1RMG, n = 11); load-assignment via percentage 1RMs, or RPE groups (RPEG, n = 10); participant-selected loads to reach target RPE ranges. Ultrasonography determined pre and post-test pectoralis (PMT), and vastus lateralis muscle thickness at 50 (VLMT50) and 70% (VLMT70) femur-length. Results: Bench press (1RMG +9.64 ± 5.36; RPEG + 10.70 ± 3.30 kg), squat (1RMG + 13.91 ± 5.89; RPEG + 17.05 ± 5.44 kg) and their combined-total 1RMs (1RMG + 23.55 ± 10.38; RPEG + 27.75 ± 7.94 kg) increased (p < 0.05) in both groups as did PMT (1RMG + 1.59 ± 1.33; RPEG +1.90 ± 1.91 mm), VLMT50 (1RMG +2.13 ± 1.95; RPEG + 1.85 ± 1.97 mm) and VLMT70 (1RMG + 2.40 ± 2.22; RPEG + 2.31 ± 2.27 mm). Between-group differences were non-significant (p > 0.05). Magnitude-based inferences revealed 79, 57, and 72% chances of mean small effect size (ES) advantages for squat; ES 90% confidence limits (CL) = 0.50 ± 0.63, bench press; ES 90% CL = 0.28 ± 0.73, and combined-total; ES 90% CL = 0.48 ± 0.68 respectively, in RPEG. There were 4, 14, and 6% chances 1RMG had a strength advantage of the same magnitude, and 18, 29, and 22% chances, respectively of trivial differences between groups. Conclusions: Both loading-types are effective. However, RPE-based loading may provide a small 1RM strength advantage in a majority of individuals. PMID:29628895

  13. Far-infrared transmission in GaN, AlN, and AlGaN thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ibanez, J.; Hernandez, S.; Alarcon-Llado, E.

    2008-08-01

    We present a far-infrared transmission study on group-III nitride thin films. Cubic GaN and AlN layers and c-oriented wurtzite GaN, AlN, and Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x}N (x<0.3) layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs and Si(111) substrates, respectively. The Berreman effect allows us to observe simultaneously the transverse optic and the longitudinal optic phonons of both the cubic and the hexagonal films as transmission minima in the infrared spectra acquired with obliquely incident radiation. We discuss our results in terms of the relevant electromagnetic theory of infrared transmission in cubic and wurtzite thin films. We compare the infrared resultsmore » with visible Raman-scattering measurements. In the case of films with low scattering volumes and/or low Raman efficiencies and also when the Raman signal of the substrate material obscures the weaker peaks from the nitride films, we find that the Berreman technique is particularly useful to complement Raman spectroscopy.« less

  14. 76 FR 22342 - National Standard 10 Guidelines

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-21

    ... safety of human life at sea.'' NMFS published final guidelines for NS10 in 1998 (63 FR 24212; May 1, 1998... of human life at sea, including whether and to what extent such measures may affect the safety of...; and an explanation that the phrase ``safety of human life at sea'' refers to both the safety of a...

  15. Enhanced middle-infrared light transmission through Au/SiO(x)N(y)/Au aperture arrays.

    PubMed

    Xiao, Gongli; Yao, Xiang; Ji, Xinming; Zhou, Jia; Bao, Zongming; Huang, Yiping

    2011-12-01

    The enhanced middle-infrared light transmission through Au/SiO(x)N(y)/Au aperture arrays by changing the refractive index and the thickness of a dielectric layer was studied experimentally. The results indicated that the transmission spectra was highly dependent on the refractive index and the thickness of SiO(x)N(y). We found that the transmission peaks redshifted regularly along with the refractive index from 1.6 to 1.8, owing to the role of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) coupling in the Au/SiO(x)N(y)/Au cascaded metallic structure. Simultaneously, a higher transmission efficiency and narrower transmission peak was obtained in Au/SiO2.1N0.3/Au cascaded metallic structure with small refractive index (1.6) than in Au/SiO0.6N1/Au cascaded metallic structure with large refractive index (1.8). When the thickness of SiO(x)N(y) changes from 0.2 to 0.4 microm, the shape of transmission spectra exhibits a large change. It was found that a higher transmission efficiency and narrower transmission peak was obtained in Au/SiO(x)N(y)/Au cascaded metallic structure with a thin dielectric film (0.2 microm), with the increase of SiO(x)N(y) film's thickness, the transmission peak gradually widened and disappeared finally. This effect is useful in applications of biochemical sensing and tunable integrated plasmonic devices in the middle-infrared region.

  16. Effect of MeJA treatment on polyamine, energy status and anthracnose rot of loquat fruit.

    PubMed

    Cao, Shifeng; Cai, Yuting; Yang, Zhenfeng; Joyce, Daryl C; Zheng, Yonghua

    2014-02-15

    The effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on changes in polyamines content and energy status and their relation to disease resistance was investigated. Freshly harvested loquat fruit were treated with 10 μmol l(-1) MeJA and wound inoculated with Colletotrichum acutatum spore suspension (1.0 × 10(5) spores ml(-1)) after 24h, and then stored at 20 °C for 6 days. MeJA treatment significantly reduced decay incidence. MeJA treated fruit manifested higher contents of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) compared with the control fruit, during storage. MeJA treatment also maintained higher levels of adenosine triphosphate, and suppressed an increase in adenosine monophosphate content in loquat fruit. These results suggest that MeJA treatment may inhibit anthracnose rot by increasing polyamine content and maintaining the energy status. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  17. Nutrient Loads Flowing into Coastal Waters from the Main Rivers of China (2006-2012).

    PubMed

    Tong, Yindong; Zhao, Yue; Zhen, Gengchong; Chi, Jie; Liu, Xianhua; Lu, Yiren; Wang, Xuejun; Yao, Ruihua; Chen, Junyue; Zhang, Wei

    2015-11-19

    Based on monthly monitoring data of unfiltered water, the nutrient discharges of the eight main rivers flowing into the coastal waters of China were calculated from 2006 to 2012. In 2012, the total load of NH3-N (calculated in nitrogen), total nitrogen (TN, calculated in nitrogen) and total phosphorus (TP, calculated in phosphorus) was 5.1 × 10(5), 3.1 × 10(6) and 2.8 × 10(5) tons, respectively, while in 2006, the nutrient load was 7.4 × 10(5), 2.2 × 10(6) and 1.6 × 10(5) tons, respectively. The nutrient loading from the eight major rivers into the coastal waters peaked in summer and autumn, probably due to the large water discharge in the wet season. The Yangtze River was the largest riverine nutrient source for the coastal waters, contributing 48% of the NH3-N discharges, 66% of the TN discharges and 84% of the TP discharges of the eight major rivers in 2012. The East China Sea received the majority of the nutrient discharges, i.e. 50% of NH3-N (2.7 × 10(5) tons), 70% of TN (2.2 × 10(6) tons) and 87% of TP (2.5 × 10(5) tons) in 2012. The riverine discharge of TN into the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea was lower than that from the direct atmospheric deposition, while for the East China Sea, the riverine TN input was larger.

  18. Pandemic A/H1N1 influenza: transmission of the first cases in Spain.

    PubMed

    Català, Laura; Rius, Cristina; García de Olalla, Patricia; Nelson, Jeanne L; Alvarez, Josep; Minguell, Sofía; Camps, Neus; Sala, María Rosa; Arias, Carlos; Barrabeig, Irene; Carol, Mónica; Torra, Roser; Cardeñosa, Neus; Pumarola, Tomas; Caylà, Joan A

    2012-02-01

    Pandemic A/H1N1 influenza emerged in Mexico at the end of March 2009. Since then, it is still important to provide evidences that contributed to the international spread of the virus and to ascertain the attack rate of this new strain of influenza among the first cases in Spain that led to identify the first transmission in Europe. Three pandemic A/H1N1 influenza groups related to an overseas flight were studied: 71 student group, 94 remaining passengers, and 68 contacts of confirmed cases. The attack rate with their 95% confidence interval (CI) among the student group and contacts was calculated. On April 26th, when the first cases were notified, strong preventive measures were implemented among the student group and the contacts of the confirmed cases. On 27th April, the first pandemic A/H1N1 influenza cases confirmed in Spain were three students that came back from Mexico by airplane. A student generated the first native case in Spain and one of the first cases in Europe. Similar attack rates were found between the student group (14.1%; CI: 12.1-16.1) and their contacts (13.2%; CI: 4.4-22.0), but no cases among remaining passengers were detected, suggesting low transmission risk during air travel. The first cases of pandemic A/H1N1 influenza in Spain were imported by airplane from Mexico. Preventive efforts to reduce the impact of the influenza influenced that primary and secondary rates were lower than first estimations by WHO. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.

  19. Small passenger car transmission test: Mercury Lynx ATX transmission

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bujold, M. P.

    1981-01-01

    The testing of a Mercury Lynx automatic transmission is reported. The transmission was tested in accordance with a passenger car automatic transmission test code (SAE J65lb) which required drive performance, coast performance, and no load test conditions. Under these conditions, the transmission attained maximum efficiencies in the mid-ninety percent range both for drive performance test and coast performance tests. The torque, speed, and efficiency curves are presented, which provide the complete performance characteristics for the Mercury Lynx automatic transmission.

  20. The selection of Lorenz laser parameters for transmission in the SMF 3rd transmission window

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gajda, Jerzy K.; Niesterowicz, Andrzej; Zeglinski, Grzegorz

    2003-10-01

    The work presents simulation of transmission line results with the fiber standard ITU-T G.652. The parameters of Lorenz laser decide about electrical signal parameters like eye pattern, jitter, BER, S/N, Q-factor, scattering diagram. For a short line lasers with linewidth larger than 100MHz can be used. In the paper cases for 10 Gbit/s and 40 Gbit/s transmission and the fiber length 30km, 50km, and 70km are calculated. The average open eye patterns were 1*10-5-120*10-5. The Q factor was 10-23dB. In calcuations the bit error rate (BER) was 10-40-10-4. If the bandwidth of Lorenz laser increases from 10 MHz to 500MHz a distance of transmission decrease from 70km to 30km. Very important for transmission distance is a rate bit of transmitter. If a bit rate increase from 10Gbit/s to 40 Gbit/s, the transmission distance for the signal mode fiber G.652 will decrease from 70km to 5km.

  1. Small passenger car transmission test; Chevrolet LUV transmission

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bujold, M. P.

    1980-01-01

    A 1978 Chevrolet LUV manual transmission tested per the applicable portions of a passenger car automatic transmission test code (SAE J65lb) which required drive performance, coast performance, and no load test conditions. Under these test conditions, the transmission attained maximum efficiencies in the upper ninety percent range for both drive performance tests and coast performance tests. The major results of this test (torque, speed, and efficiency curves) are presented. Graphs map the complete performance characteristics for the Chevrolet LUV transmission.

  2. Research on the impact of surface properties of particle on damping effect in gear transmission under high speed and heavy load

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xiao, Wangqiang; Chen, Zhiwei; Pan, Tianlong; Li, Jiani

    2018-01-01

    The vibration and noise from gear transmission have great damage on the mechanical equipment and operators. Through inelastic collisions and friction between particles, the energy can be dissipated in gear transmission. A dynamic model of particle dampers in gear transmission was put forward in this paper. The performance of particle dampers in centrifugal fields under different rotational speeds and load was investigated. The surface properties such as the impact of coefficient of restitution and friction coefficient of the particle on the damping effect were analyzed and the total energy loss was obtained by discrete element method (DEM). The vibration from time-varying mesh stiffness was effectively reduced by particle dampers and the optimum coefficient of restitution was discovered under different rotational speeds and load. Then, a test bench for gear transmission was constructed, and the vibration of driven gear and driving gear were measured through a three-directional wireless acceleration sensor. The research results agree well with the simulation results. While at relatively high speed, smaller coefficient of restitution achieves better damping effect. As to friction coefficient, at relatively high speed, the energy dissipation climbs up and then declines with the increase of the friction coefficient. The results can provide guidelines for the application of particle damper in gear transmission.

  3. Mechanical responses of a-axis GaN nanowires under axial loads

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, R. J.; Wang, C. Y.; Feng, Y. T.; Tang, Chun

    2018-03-01

    Gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires (NWs) hold technological significance as functional components in emergent nano-piezotronics. However, the examination of their mechanical responses, especially the mechanistic understanding of behavior beyond elasticity (at failure) remains limited due to the constraints of in situ experimentation. We therefore performed simulations of the molecular dynamics (MD) of the mechanical behavior of [1\\bar{2}10]-oriented GaN NWs subjected to tension or compression loading until failure. The mechanical properties and critical deformation processes are characterized in relation to NW sizes and loading conditions. Detailed examinations revealed that the failure mechanisms are size-dependent and controlled by the dislocation mobility on shuffle-set pyramidal planes. The size dependence of the elastic behavior is also examined in terms of the surface structure determined modification of Young’s modulus. In addition, a comparison with c-axis NWs is made to show how size-effect trends vary with the growth orientation of NWs.

  4. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: CXCL10 correlates with the viral load.

    PubMed

    Papa, Anna; Yagci Caglayık, Dilek; Christova, Iva; Tsergouli, Katerina; Korukluoglu, Gulay; Uyar, Yavuz

    2015-06-01

    Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a human disease with high fatality rate. Although its pathogenesis is not elucidated yet, it is considered that cytokines play a significant role in the progression and outcome of the disease. Serum CXCL10 levels were estimated in 35 patients with acute CCHF and were correlated with the viral load, and various demographic and clinical parameters. The mean CXCL10 concentration in the patients' group was higher compared to the respective value in the control group (4421.74 pg/ml vs. 28.47 pg/ml, P < 0.05). A strong positive correlation between CXCL10 and viral load was seen (rs = 0.57, P < 0.001), while the outcome of the disease was related with the viral load (rs = 0.47, P = 0.004) and the presence of hemorrhagic manifestations (P < 0.001). The study provides an insight into the strong correlation between CXCL10 and viral load in acute CCHF cases suggesting that it plays an important role in CCHF pathogenesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  5. 46 CFR 30.10-27 - Flashpoint-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... gives off a flammable vapor when heated in an open-cup tester. For the purpose of the regulations in... with an open-cup tester, as follows: Table 30.10-27—Equivalent Flashpoints [In degrees Farenheit] Open-cup tester Tag closed-cup tester (A.S.T.M.) Pensky-Martens closed tester (A.S.T.M.) 80 75 150 140 ...

  6. 46 CFR 30.10-27 - Flashpoint-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... gives off a flammable vapor when heated in an open-cup tester. For the purpose of the regulations in... with an open-cup tester, as follows: Table 30.10-27—Equivalent Flashpoints [In degrees Farenheit] Open-cup tester Tag closed-cup tester (A.S.T.M.) Pensky-Martens closed tester (A.S.T.M.) 80 75 150 140 ...

  7. Evaluation and Verification of Channel Transmission Characteristics of Human Body for Optimizing Data Transmission Rate in Electrostatic-Coupling Intra Body Communication System: A Comparative Analysis

    PubMed Central

    Tseng, Yuhwai; Su, Chauchin; Ho, Yingchieh

    2016-01-01

    Background Intra-body communication is a new wireless scheme for transmitting signals through the human body. Understanding the transmission characteristics of the human body is therefore becoming increasingly important. Electrostatic-coupling intra-body communication system in a ground-free situation that integrate electronic products that are discretely located on individuals, such as mobile phones, PDAs, wearable computers, and biomedical sensors, are of particular interest. Materials and Methods The human body is modeled as a simplified Resistor-Capacitor network. A virtual ground between the transmitter and receiver in the system is represented by a resister-capacitor network. Value of its resistance and capacitance are determined from a system perspective. The system is characterized by using a mathematical unit step function in digital baseband transmission scheme with and without Manchester code. As a result, the signal-to-noise and to-intersymbol-interference ratios are improved by manipulating the load resistor. The data transmission rate of the system is optimized. A battery-powered transmitter and receiver are developed to validate the proposal. Results A ground-free system fade signal energy especially for a low-frequency signal limited system transmission rate. The system transmission rate is maximized by simply manipulating the load resistor. Experimental results demonstrate that for a load resistance of 10k−50k Ω, the high-pass 3 dB frequency of the band-pass channel is 400kHz−2MHz in the worst-case scenario. The system allows a Manchester-coded baseband signal to be transmitted at speeds of up to 20M bit per second with signal-to-noise and signal-to-intersymbol-interference ratio of more than 10 dB. Conclusion The human body can function as a high speed transmission medium with a data transmission rate of 20Mbps in an electrostatic-coupling intra-body communication system. Therefore, a wideband signal can be transmitted directly through the

  8. Evaluation and Verification of Channel Transmission Characteristics of Human Body for Optimizing Data Transmission Rate in Electrostatic-Coupling Intra Body Communication System: A Comparative Analysis.

    PubMed

    Tseng, Yuhwai; Su, Chauchin; Ho, Yingchieh

    2016-01-01

    Intra-body communication is a new wireless scheme for transmitting signals through the human body. Understanding the transmission characteristics of the human body is therefore becoming increasingly important. Electrostatic-coupling intra-body communication system in a ground-free situation that integrate electronic products that are discretely located on individuals, such as mobile phones, PDAs, wearable computers, and biomedical sensors, are of particular interest. The human body is modeled as a simplified Resistor-Capacitor network. A virtual ground between the transmitter and receiver in the system is represented by a resister-capacitor network. Value of its resistance and capacitance are determined from a system perspective. The system is characterized by using a mathematical unit step function in digital baseband transmission scheme with and without Manchester code. As a result, the signal-to-noise and to-intersymbol-interference ratios are improved by manipulating the load resistor. The data transmission rate of the system is optimized. A battery-powered transmitter and receiver are developed to validate the proposal. A ground-free system fade signal energy especially for a low-frequency signal limited system transmission rate. The system transmission rate is maximized by simply manipulating the load resistor. Experimental results demonstrate that for a load resistance of 10k-50k Ω, the high-pass 3 dB frequency of the band-pass channel is 400kHz-2MHz in the worst-case scenario. The system allows a Manchester-coded baseband signal to be transmitted at speeds of up to 20M bit per second with signal-to-noise and signal-to-intersymbol-interference ratio of more than 10 dB. The human body can function as a high speed transmission medium with a data transmission rate of 20Mbps in an electrostatic-coupling intra-body communication system. Therefore, a wideband signal can be transmitted directly through the human body with a good signal-to-noise quality of 10 dB if

  9. 47 CFR 27.1214 - EBS spectrum leasing arrangements and grandfathered leases.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false EBS spectrum leasing arrangements and... Educational Broadband Service § 27.1214 EBS spectrum leasing arrangements and grandfathered leases. (a) A licensee in the EBS that is solely utilizing analog transmissions may enter into a spectrum leasing...

  10. Small passenger car transmission test: Dodge Omni A-404 transmission

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bujold, M. P.

    1980-01-01

    The small passenger car transmission test was initiated to supply electric vehicle manufacturers with technical information regarding the performance of commercially available transmissions. This transmission was tested in accordance with a passenger car automatic transmission test code (SAE J65lb) which required drive performance, coast performance, and no load test conditions. Under these test conditions, the transmission attained maximum efficiencies in the mid eighty percent range for both drive performance test and coast performance tests.

  11. Swine-to-Human Transmission of Influenza A(H3N2) Virus at Agricultural Fairs, Ohio, USA, 2012

    PubMed Central

    Nelson, Sarah W.; Page, Shannon L.; Nolting, Jacqueline M.; Killian, Mary L.; Sreevatsan, Srinand; Slemons, Richard D.

    2014-01-01

    Agricultural fairs provide an opportunity for bidirectional transmission of influenza A viruses. We sought to determine influenza A virus activity among swine at fairs in the United States. As part of an ongoing active influenza A virus surveillance project, nasal swab samples were collected from exhibition swine at 40 selected Ohio agricultural fairs during 2012. Influenza A(H3N2) virus was isolated from swine at 10 of the fairs. According to a concurrent public health investigation, 7 of the 10 fairs were epidemiologically linked to confirmed human infections with influenza A(H3N2) variant virus. Comparison of genome sequences of the subtype H3N2 isolates recovered from humans and swine from each fair revealed nucleotide identities of >99.7%, confirming zoonotic transmission between swine and humans. All influenza A(H3N2) viruses isolated in this study, regardless of host species or fair, were >99.5% identical, indicating that 1 virus strain was widely circulating among exhibition swine in Ohio during 2012. PMID:25148572

  12. Frühe Stresserfahrungen und Krankheitsvulnerabilität

    PubMed Central

    Entringer, Sonja; Buss, Claudia; Heim, Christine

    2016-01-01

    Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Das stetig wachsende Forschungsgebiet der “Frühe[n] Programmierung von Krankheit und Gesundheit” untersucht, inwieweit die individuelle Vulnerabilität für die Entstehung verschiedenster Erkrankungen über die Lebensspanne bereits während der frühen Entwicklung beeinflusst wird. Ziele der Arbeit In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit werden das Konzept der frühen Programmierung von Krankheitsvulnerabilität erläutert sowie Befunde zu den Folgen frühkindlicher Traumatisierung und pränataler Stressexposition zusammenfassend dargestellt. Es werden außerdem biologische Mechanismen diskutiert, die das erhöhte Krankheitsrisiko nach lebensgeschichtlich früher Stresserfahrungen vermitteln. Die Möglichkeit der transgenerationalen Transmission frühkindlicher Erfahrungen an die nächste Generation und die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen dieser Übertragung werden ebenfalls vorgestellt. Fazit Die Befundlage zu Stresserfahrungen im frühen Leben und der Entstehung von psychischen und körperlichen Störungen über die Lebensspanne wächst stetig. Die Mechanismen werden derzeit weiter bis hin zur molekularbiologischen und epigenetischen Ebene erforscht. Hier ergeben sich ganz neue Perspektiven, welche die Präzision klinischer Diagnostik und den Erfolg von Interventionen erheblich verbessern könnten. Momentan existiert jedoch noch ein erheblicher Mangel an Translation zwischen diesen Forschungserkenntnissen und deren Anwendung in der klinischen Versorgung. PMID:27604117

  13. 27. photographer unknown 10 July 1938 SHIP LOCK DEDICATION CEREMONIES. ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    27. photographer unknown 10 July 1938 SHIP LOCK DEDICATION CEREMONIES. - Bonneville Project, Navigation Lock No. 1, Oregon shore of Columbia River near first Powerhouse, Bonneville, Multnomah County, OR

  14. In vitro study of novel gadolinium-loaded liposomes guided by GBI-10 aptamer for promising tumor targeting and tumor diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging.

    PubMed

    Gu, Meng-Jie; Li, Kun-Feng; Zhang, Lan-Xin; Wang, Huan; Liu, Li-Si; Zheng, Zhuo-Zhao; Han, Nan-Yin; Yang, Zhen-Jun; Fan, Tian-Yuan

    2015-01-01

    Novel gadolinium-loaded liposomes guided by GBI-10 aptamer were developed and evaluated in vitro to enhance magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis of tumor. Nontargeted gadolinium-loaded liposomes were achieved by incorporating amphipathic material, Gd (III) [N,N-bis-stearylamidomethyl-N'-amidomethyl] diethylenetriamine tetraacetic acid, into the liposome membrane using lipid film hydration method. GBI-10, as the targeting ligand, was then conjugated onto the liposome surface to get GBI-10-targeted gadolinium-loaded liposomes (GTLs). Both nontargeted gadolinium-loaded liposomes and GTLs displayed good dispersion stability, optimal size, and zeta potential for tumor targeting, as well as favorable imaging properties with enhanced relaxivity compared with a commercial MRI contrast agent (CA), gadopentetate dimeglumine. The use of GBI-10 aptamer in this liposomal system was intended to result in increased accumulation of gadolinium at the periphery of C6 glioma cells, where the targeting extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C is overexpressed. Increased cellular binding of GTLs to C6 cells was confirmed by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and MRI, demonstrating the promise of this novel delivery system as a carrier of MRI contrast agent for the diagnosis of tumor. These studies provide a new strategy furthering the development of nanomedicine for both diagnosis and therapy of tumor.

  15. 10 CFR 13.27 - Computation of time.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...; and (2) By 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time for a document served by the E-Filing system. [72 FR 49153, Aug. 28... the calculation of additional days when a participant is not entitled to receive an entire filing... same filing and service method, the number of days for service will be determined by the presiding...

  16. 76 FR 37165 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Fixed Income Clearing Corporation; Notice of Filing and Order...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-24

    ..., 1989), 54 FR 34212; 28492 (September 28, 1990), 55 FR 41148; 29751 (September 27, 1991), 56 FR 50602... (March 21, 2001), 66 FR 16961; 44831 (September 21, 2001), 66 FR 49728; 45607 (March 20, 2002), 67 FR...), 56 FR 24852; 32385 (June 3, 1993), 58 FR 32405; 35787 (May 31, 1995), 60 FR 30324; 36508 (November 27...

  17. 75 FR 36723 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Fixed Income Clearing Corporation; Notice of Filing and Order...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-28

    ..., 1989), 54 FR 34212; 28492 (September 28, 1990), 55 FR 41148; 29751 (September 27, 1991), 56 FR 50602... (March 21, 2001), 66 FR 16961; 44831 (September 21, 2001), 66 FR 49728; 45607 (March 20, 2002), 67 FR...), 56 FR 24852; 32385 (June 3, 1993), 58 FR 32405; 35787 (May 31, 1995), 60 FR 30324; 36508 (November 27...

  18. N-SINK - reduction of waste water nitrogen load

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aalto, Sanni; Tiirola, Marja; Arvola, Lauri; Huotari, Jussi; Tulonen, Tiina; Rissanen, Antti; Nykänen, Hannu

    2014-05-01

    Protection of the Baltic Sea from eutrophication is one of the key topics in the European Union environmental policy. One of the main anthropogenic sources of nitrogen (N) loading into Baltic Sea are waste water treatment plants, which are currently capable in removing only 40-70% of N. European commission has obliged Finland and other Baltic states to reduce nitrate load, which would require high monetary investments on nitrate removal processes in treatment plants. In addition, forced denitrification in treatment plants would increase emissions of strong greenhouse gas N2O. In this project (LIFE12 FI/ENV/597 N-SINK) we will develop and demonstrate a novel economically feasible method for nitrogen removal using applied ecosystem services. As sediment is known to have enormous capacity to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas through denitrification, we predict that spatial optimization of the waste water discharge would be an efficient way to reduce nitrate-based load in aquatic systems. A new sediment filtration approach, which will increase both the area and time that nitrified waste water will be in contact with the reducing microbes of the sediment, is tested. Compared to the currently implemented practice, where purified waste water is discharged though one-point outlet system, we expect that sediment filtration system will result in more efficient denitrification and decreased N load to aquatic system. We will conduct three full-scale demonstrations in the receiving water bodies of waste water treatment plants in Southern and Central Finland. The ecosystem effects of sediment filtration system will be monitored. Using the most advanced stable isotope techniques will allow us accurately measure denitrification and unfavoured DNRA (reduction of nitrite to ammonium) activity.

  19. 24 CFR 27.10 - Designation of a foreclosure commissioner.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.10 Designation of a foreclosure commissioner. (a) When the Secretary determines that a multifamily mortgage should be foreclosed under the Act and this subpart, the General...

  20. 24 CFR 27.10 - Designation of a foreclosure commissioner.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.10 Designation of a foreclosure commissioner. (a) When the Secretary determines that a multifamily mortgage should be foreclosed under the Act and this subpart, the General...

  1. 24 CFR 27.10 - Designation of a foreclosure commissioner.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.10 Designation of a foreclosure commissioner. (a) When the Secretary determines that a multifamily mortgage should be foreclosed under the Act and this subpart, the General...

  2. 24 CFR 27.10 - Designation of a foreclosure commissioner.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.10 Designation of a foreclosure commissioner. (a) When the Secretary determines that a multifamily mortgage should be foreclosed under the Act and this subpart, the General...

  3. 10. BUILDING NO. 445, PHYSICS LAB (FORMERLY GUN BAG LOADING), ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    10. BUILDING NO. 445, PHYSICS LAB (FORMERLY GUN BAG LOADING), LOOKING AT SOUTHEAST CORNER. BUILDING NO. 332, CHANGE HOUSE, IN RIGHT BACKGROUND; BUILDING NO. 445-F, MAGAZINE, IN LEFT BACKGROUND. - Picatinny Arsenal, 400 Area, Gun Bag Loading District, State Route 15 near I-80, Dover, Morris County, NJ

  4. Cross-reactive acquired immunity influences transmission success of the Lyme disease pathogen, Borrelia afzelii.

    PubMed

    Jacquet, Maxime; Durand, Jonas; Rais, Olivier; Voordouw, Maarten J

    2015-12-01

    Cross-reactive acquired immunity in the vertebrate host induces indirect competition between strains of a given pathogen species and is critical for understanding the ecology of mixed infections. In vector-borne diseases, cross-reactive antibodies can reduce pathogen transmission at the vector-to-host and the host-to-vector lifecycle transition. The highly polymorphic, immunodominant, outer surface protein C (OspC) of the tick-borne spirochete bacterium Borrelia afzelii induces a strong antibody response in the vertebrate host. To test how cross-immunity in the vertebrate host influences tick-to-host and host-to-tick transmission, mice were immunized with one of two strain-specific recombinant OspC proteins (A3, A10), challenged via tick bite with one of the two B. afzelii ospC strains (A3, A10), and infested with xenodiagnostic ticks. Immunization with a given rOspC antigen protected mice against homologous strains carrying the same major ospC group allele but provided little or no cross-protection against heterologous strains carrying a different major ospC group allele. There were cross-immunity effects on the tick spirochete load but not on the probability of host-to-tick transmission. The spirochete load in ticks that had fed on mice with cross-immune experience was reduced by a factor of two compared to ticks that had fed on naive control mice. In addition, strain-specific differences in mouse spirochete load, host-to-tick transmission, tick spirochete load, and the OspC-specific IgG response revealed the mechanisms that determine variation in transmission success between strains of B. afzelii. This study shows that cross-immunity in infected vertebrate hosts can reduce pathogen load in the arthropod vector with potential consequences for vector-to-host pathogen transmission. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. Perceptual load manipulation reveals sensitivity of the face-selective N170 to attention.

    PubMed

    Mohamed, Tarik N; Neumann, Markus F; Schweinberger, Stefan R

    2009-05-27

    It has been controversial whether the face-sensitive N170 is affected by selective attention. We manipulated attention sensu Lavie's perceptual load theory to short (200 ms) presentations of task-irrelevant unfamiliar faces or houses, while participants identified superimposed target letters 'X' versus 'N'. These targets were strings of either six identical (low load) or six different letters (high load). Under low load, we found a prominent face-selective N170 response. Under high load, however, we not only observed a dramatic reduction of the face N170 but also an unexpected enhancement of the house N170, such that face selectivity was almost completely lost. We conclude that the early stages of face processing indexed by the N170 strongly depend on selective attention.

  6. Transmission dynamics of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in India: The impact of holiday-related school closure

    PubMed Central

    Taslim Ali, Sheikh; Kadi, A. S.; Ferguson, Neil M.

    2014-01-01

    The role of social-distancing measures, such as school closures, is a controversial aspect of pandemic mitigation planning. However, the timing of 2009 pandemic provides a natural experiment for evaluating the impact of school closure during holidays on influenza transmission. To quantify the transmission intensity of the influenza A (H1N1) pdm’09 in India, by estimating the time varying reproduction number (Rt) and correlating the temporal changes in the estimates of Rt for different regions of India with the timing of school holidays. We used daily lab-confirmed case reports of influenza A (H1N1) pdm’09 in India (during 17 May’09 to 17 May’10), stratified by regions. We estimated the transmissibility of the pandemic for different regions from these time-series, using Bayesian methods applied to a branching process model of disease spread and correlated the resulting estimates with the timing of school holidays in each region. The North-west region experienced two notable waves, with the peak of the first wave coinciding with the start of a 4 week school holiday (September-October’09). In the southern region the two waves were less clear cut, though again the first peak of the first wave coincided with the start of school holidays – albeit of less than 2 weeks duration (August’09). Our analysis suggests that the school holidays had a significant influence on the epidemiology of the 2009 pandemic in India. We estimate that school holidays reduced the reproduction number by 14%–27% in different regions of India, relative to levels seen outside holiday periods. The estimates of the reproduction number obtained (with peak R values below 1.5) are compatible with those reported from other regions of the world. This work reinforces past studies showing the significant impact of school holidays on spread of 2009 pandemic virus, and by inference the role of contact patterns in children on transmission. PMID:24267871

  7. 30 CFR 27.10 - Conduct of investigations, tests, and demonstrations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... TESTING, EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS METHANE-MONITORING SYSTEMS General Provisions § 27.10... letter of certification, MSHA may conduct such public demonstrations and tests of the certified methane...

  8. 30 CFR 27.10 - Conduct of investigations, tests, and demonstrations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... TESTING, EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS METHANE-MONITORING SYSTEMS General Provisions § 27.10... letter of certification, MSHA may conduct such public demonstrations and tests of the certified methane...

  9. Effects of MeJA on Arabidopsis metabolome under endogenous JA deficiency

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cao, Jingjing; Li, Mengya; Chen, Jian; Liu, Pei; Li, Zhen

    2016-11-01

    Jasmonates (JAs) play important roles in plant growth, development and defense. Comprehensive metabolomics profiling of plants under JA treatment provides insights into the interaction and regulation network of plant hormones. Here we applied high resolution mass spectrometry based metabolomics approach on Arabidopsis wild type and JA synthesis deficiency mutant opr3. The effects of exogenous MeJA treatment on the metabolites of opr3 were investigated. More than 10000 ion signals were detected and more than 2000 signals showed significant variation in different genotypes and treatment groups. Multivariate statistic analyses (PCA and PLS-DA) were performed and a differential compound library containing 174 metabolites with high resolution precursor ion-product ions pairs was obtained. Classification and pathway analysis of 109 identified compounds in this library showed that glucosinolates and tryptophan metabolism, amino acids and small peptides metabolism, lipid metabolism, especially fatty acyls metabolism, were impacted by endogenous JA deficiency and exogenous MeJA treatment. These results were further verified by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis of 21 related genes involved in the metabolism of glucosinolates, tryptophan and α-linolenic acid pathways. The results would greatly enhance our understanding of the biological functions of JA.

  10. Thermophilic co-digestion feasibility of distillers grains and swine manure: effect of C/N ratio and organic loading rate during high solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD).

    PubMed

    Sensai, P; Thangamani, A; Visvanathan, C

    2014-01-01

    Anaerobic co-digestion of high solids containing distillers grains and swine manure (total solids, 27 +/- 2% and 18 +/- 2%, respectively) was evaluated in this study to assess the effect of C/N ratio and organic loading rate (OLR). Feed mixture was balanced to achieve a C/N ratio of 30/1 by mixing distillers grains and swine manure. Pilot-scale co-digestion of distillers grains and swine manure was carried out under thermophilic conditions in the continuous mode for seven different OLRs from R1 to R7 (3.5, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 kg VS/m3 day) under high solid anaerobic digestion. The methane yield and volatile solid (VS) removal were consistent; ranging from 0.33 to 0.34 m3CH4/kg VS day and 50-53%, respectively, until OLR 8 kg VS/m3 day. After which methane yield and VS removal significantly decreased to 0.26 m3 CH4/kg VS day and 42%, respectively, when OLR was increased to 14 kg VS/m3 day. However, during operation, at OLR of 10 kg VS/m3 day, the methane yield and VS removal increased after the 19th day to 0.33 m3 CH4/kg VS day and 46%, respectively, indicating that a longer acclimatization period is required by methanogens at a higher loading rate.

  11. The Impact of Clinical, Demographic and Risk Factors on Rates of HIV Transmission: A Population-based Phylogenetic Analysis in British Columbia, Canada

    PubMed Central

    Poon, Art F. Y.; Joy, Jeffrey B.; Woods, Conan K.; Shurgold, Susan; Colley, Guillaume; Brumme, Chanson J.; Hogg, Robert S.; Montaner, Julio S. G.; Harrigan, P. Richard

    2015-01-01

    Background. The diversification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is shaped by its transmission history. We therefore used a population based province wide HIV drug resistance database in British Columbia (BC), Canada, to evaluate the impact of clinical, demographic, and behavioral factors on rates of HIV transmission. Methods. We reconstructed molecular phylogenies from 27 296 anonymized bulk HIV pol sequences representing 7747 individuals in BC—about half the estimated HIV prevalence in BC. Infections were grouped into clusters based on phylogenetic distances, as a proxy for variation in transmission rates. Rates of cluster expansion were reconstructed from estimated dates of HIV seroconversion. Results. Our criteria grouped 4431 individuals into 744 clusters largely separated with respect to risk factors, including large established clusters predominated by injection drug users and more-recently emerging clusters comprising men who have sex with men. The mean log10 viral load of an individual's phylogenetic neighborhood (composed of 5 other individuals with shortest phylogenetic distances) increased their odds of appearing in a cluster by >2-fold per log10 viruses per milliliter. Conclusions. Hotspots of ongoing HIV transmission can be characterized in near real time by the secondary analysis of HIV resistance genotypes, providing an important potential resource for targeting public health initiatives for HIV prevention. PMID:25312037

  12. Small passenger car transmission test; Ford C4 transmission

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bujold, M. P.

    1980-01-01

    A 1979 Ford C4 automatic transmission was tested per a passenger car automatic transmission test code (SAE J651b) which required drive performance, coast performance, and no load test conditions. Under these test conditions, the transmission attained maximum efficiencies in the mid-eighty percent range for both drive performance tests and coast performance tests. The major results of this test (torque, speed, and efficiency curves) are presented. Graphs map the complete performance characteristics for the Ford C4 transmission.

  13. Adaptation of H9N2 AIV in guinea pigs enables efficient transmission by direct contact and inefficient transmission by respiratory droplets

    PubMed Central

    Sang, Xiaoyu; Wang, Airong; Ding, Jie; Kong, Huihui; Gao, Xiaolong; Li, Lin; Chai, Tongjie; Li, Yuanguo; Zhang, Kun; Wang, Chengyu; Wan, Zhonghai; Huang, Geng; Wang, Tiecheng; Feng, Na; Zheng, Xuexing; Wang, Hualei; Zhao, Yongkun; Yang, Songtao; Qian, Jun; Hu, Guixue; Gao, Yuwei; Xia, Xianzhu

    2015-01-01

    H9N2 avian influenza viruses circulate worldwide in poultry and have sporadically infected humans, raising concern whether H9N2 viruses have pandemic potential. Here, we use a guinea pig model to examine whether serial passage results in adaptive viral changes that confer a transmissible phenotype to a wild-type H9N2 virus. After nine serial passages of an H9N2 virus through guinea pigs, productive transmission by direct contact occurred in 2/3 guinea pig pairs. The efficiency of transmission by direct contact increased following the fifteenth passage and occurred in 3/3 guinea pig pairs. In contrast, airborne transmission of the passaged virus was less efficient and occurred in 1/6 guinea pig pairs and 0/6 ferret pairs after the fifteenth passage. Three amino acid substitutions, HA1-Q227P, HA2-D46E, and NP-E434K, were sufficient for contact transmission in guinea pigs (2/3 pairs). The two HA amino acid substitutions enhanced receptor binding to α2,3-linked sialic acid receptors. Additionally, the HA2-D46E substitution increased virus thermostability whereas the NP-E434K mutation enhanced viral RNA polymerase activity in vitro. Our findings suggest that adaptive changes that enhance viral receptor binding, thermostability, and replicative capacity in mammalian cells can collectively enhance the transmissibility of H9N2 AIVs by direct contact in the guinea pig model. PMID:26552719

  14. Stopband-Extended and Size-Miniaturized Low-Pass Filter Based on Interdigital Capacitor Loaded Hairpin Resonator with Four Transmission Zeros

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wu, Jia-Jia; Li, Lin

    2018-04-01

    In this paper, a compact low-pass filter (LPF) with wide stopband is proposed based on interdigital capacitor loaded hairpin resonator. The structure composed of an upper high-impedance transmission line, a middle interdigital capacitor, and a pair of inter-coupled symmetrical stepped-impedance stubs. Detailed investigation into this structure based on even-odd mode approach reveals that up to four transmission zeros can be generated and reallocated by choosing the proper circuit parameters. And owing to the aid of transmission zeros, the fabricated quasi-elliptic LPFs experimentally demonstrate a wide 20dB stopband from 1.4fc to 5.1fc using a compact size of only 0.005 λg2.

  15. 24 CFR 27.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.1... Multifamily Mortgage Foreclosure Act of 1981 (the Act) (12 U.S.C. 3701-3717), that clarify, or are in addition... multifamily mortgages. Under a delegation of authority published on February 5, 1982 (47 FR 5468), the...

  16. 24 CFR 27.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.1... Multifamily Mortgage Foreclosure Act of 1981 (the Act) (12 U.S.C. 3701-3717), that clarify, or are in addition... multifamily mortgages. Under a delegation of authority published on February 5, 1982 (47 FR 5468), the...

  17. 24 CFR 27.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.1... Multifamily Mortgage Foreclosure Act of 1981 (the Act) (12 U.S.C. 3701-3717), that clarify, or are in addition... multifamily mortgages. Under a delegation of authority published on February 5, 1982 (47 FR 5468), the...

  18. 24 CFR 27.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.1... Multifamily Mortgage Foreclosure Act of 1981 (the Act) (12 U.S.C. 3701-3717), that clarify, or are in addition... multifamily mortgages. Under a delegation of authority published on February 5, 1982 (47 FR 5468), the...

  19. 76 FR 4894 - Notice Announcing Preliminary Permit Drawing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-27

    ..., LLC, 126 FERC ] 61,132 (2009). On January 27, 2011, at 10 a.m. (eastern time), the Secretary of the... the results of the drawing. Kimberly D. Bose, Secretary. [FR Doc. 2011-1712 Filed 1-26-11; 8:45 am...

  20. 76 FR 4894 - Notice Announcing Preliminary Permit Drawing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-27

    ... Development, LLC, 126 FERC ] 61,132 (2009). On January 27, 2011, at 10 a.m. (Eastern Time), the Secretary of... announcing the results of the drawing. Kimberly D. Bose, Secretary. [FR Doc. 2011-1721 Filed 1-26-11; 8:45 am...

  1. 76 FR 4893 - Notice Announcing Preliminary Permit Drawing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-27

    ..., LLC, 126 FERC ] 61,132 (2009). On January 27, 2011, at 10 a.m. (eastern time), the Secretary of the... the results of the drawing. Kimberly D. Bose, Secretary. [FR Doc. 2011-1718 Filed 1-26-11; 8:45 am...

  2. Hybrid Dielectric-loaded Nanoridge Plasmonic Waveguide for Low-Loss Light Transmission at the Subwavelength Scale

    PubMed Central

    Zhang, Bin; Bian, Yusheng; Ren, Liqiang; Guo, Feng; Tang, Shi-Yang; Mao, Zhangming; Liu, Xiaomin; Sun, Jinju; Gong, Jianying; Guo, Xiasheng; Huang, Tony Jun

    2017-01-01

    The emerging development of the hybrid plasmonic waveguide has recently received significant attention owing to its remarkable capability of enabling subwavelength field confinement and great transmission distance. Here we report a guiding approach that integrates hybrid plasmon polariton with dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguiding. By introducing a deep-subwavelength dielectric ridge between a dielectric slab and a metallic substrate, a hybrid dielectric-loaded nanoridge plasmonic waveguide is formed. The waveguide features lower propagation loss than its conventional hybrid waveguiding counterpart, while maintaining strong optical confinement at telecommunication wavelengths. Through systematic structural parameter tuning, we realize an efficient balance between confinement and attenuation of the fundamental hybrid mode, and we demonstrate the tolerance of its properties despite fabrication imperfections. Furthermore, we show that the waveguide concept can be extended to other metal/dielectric composites as well, including metal-insulator-metal and insulator-metal-insulator configurations. Our hybrid dielectric-loaded nanoridge plasmonic platform may serve as a fundamental building block for various functional photonic components and be used in applications such as sensing, nanofocusing, and nanolasing. PMID:28091583

  3. 75 FR 46917 - Foreign-Trade Zone 153 - San Diego, California, Site Renumbering Notice

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-04

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Foreign-Trade Zones Board Foreign-Trade Zone 153 - San Diego, California, Site Renumbering Notice Foreign-Trade Zone 153 was approved by the Foreign-Trade Zones Board on October 14, 1988 (Board Order 394, 53 FR 41616, 10/24/88) and expanded on December 16, 1991 (Board Order 548, 56 FR 67057, 12/27/91) and on August 23, 200...

  4. A Tick Vector Transmission Model of Monocytotropic Ehrlichiosis

    PubMed Central

    Saito, Tais Berelli; Walker, David H.

    2015-01-01

    Background. Ehrlichioses are emerging, tick-borne diseases distributed worldwide. Previously established animal models use needle inoculation as a mode of infection; however, there is limited representation of natural transmission in artificially inoculated models compared with transmission by the tick vector. The objective of this study was to develop a tick vector transmission animal model of ehrlichial infection using a human pathogen, Ehrlichia muris–like agent (EMLA). Methods. Ixodes scapularis larvae were fed on EMLA-infected mice, and after molting, infected nymphs were used to infest naive animals. Results. Ehrlichiae were acquired by 90%–100% of feeding larvae. The majority of animals fed upon by infected nymphs developed sublethal infection with 27% lethality. Bacteria disseminated to all tissues tested with greatest bacterial loads in lungs, but also spleen, lymph nodes, liver, kidneys, brain, and bone marrow. Numerous foci of cellular infiltration, mitoses, and hepatocellular death were observed in liver. Mice infected by tick transmission developed higher antiehrlichial antibody levels than needle-inoculated animals. Tick-feeding-site reactions were observed, but there was no observed difference between animals infested with infected or uninfected ticks. Conclusions. For the first time we were able to develop a tick transmission model with an Ehrlichia that is pathogenic for humans. PMID:25737562

  5. Full circuit calculation for electromagnetic pulse transmission in a high current facility

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zou, Wenkang; Guo, Fan; Chen, Lin; Song, Shengyi; Wang, Meng; Xie, Weiping; Deng, Jianjun

    2014-11-01

    We describe herein for the first time a full circuit model for electromagnetic pulse transmission in the Primary Test Stand (PTS)—the first TW class pulsed power driver in China. The PTS is designed to generate 8-10 MA current into a z -pinch load in nearly 90 ns rise time for inertial confinement fusion and other high energy density physics research. The PTS facility has four conical magnetic insulation transmission lines, in which electron current loss exists during the establishment of magnetic insulation. At the same time, equivalent resistance of switches and equivalent inductance of pinch changes with time. However, none of these models are included in a commercially developed circuit code so far. Therefore, in order to characterize the electromagnetic transmission process in the PTS, a full circuit model, in which switch resistance, magnetic insulation transmission line current loss and a time-dependent load can be taken into account, was developed. Circuit topology and an equivalent circuit model of the facility were introduced. Pulse transmission calculation of shot 0057 was demonstrated with the corresponding code FAST (full-circuit analysis and simulation tool) by setting controllable parameters the same as in the experiment. Preliminary full circuit simulation results for electromagnetic pulse transmission to the load are presented. Although divergences exist between calculated and experimentally obtained waveforms before the vacuum section, consistency with load current is satisfactory, especially at the rising edge.

  6. A comparative evaluation of coenzyme Q10-loaded liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles as dermal antioxidant carriers

    PubMed Central

    Gokce, Evren H; Korkmaz, Emrah; Tuncay-Tanrıverdi, Sakine; Dellera, Eleonora; Sandri, Giuseppina; Bonferoni, M Cristina; Ozer, Ozgen

    2012-01-01

    Background The effective delivery of coenzyme Q10 (Q10) to the skin has several benefits in therapy for different skin pathologies. However, the delivery of Q10 to deeper layers of skin is challenging due to low aqueous solubility of Q10. Liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have many advantages to accomplish the requirements in topical drug delivery. This study aims to evaluate the influence of these nanosystems on the effective delivery of Q10 into the skin. Methods Q10-loaded liposomes (LIPO-Q10) and SLNs (SLN-Q10) were prepared by thin film hydration and high shear homogenization methods, respectively. Particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PI), zeta potential (ZP), and drug entrapment efficiency were determined. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis and morphological transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination were conducted. Biocompatibility/cytotoxicity studies of Q10-loaded nanosystems were performed by means of cell culture (human fibroblasts) under oxidative conditions. The protective effect of formulations against production of reactive oxygen species were comparatively evaluated by cytofluorometry studies. Results PS of uniform SLN-Q10 and LIPO-Q10 were determined as 152.4 ± 7.9 nm and 301.1 ± 8.2 nm, respectively. ZPs were −13.67 ± 1.32 mV and −36.6 ± 0.85 mV in the same order. The drug entrapment efficiency was 15% higher in SLN systems. TEM studies confirmed the colloidal size. SLN-Q10 and LIPO-Q10 showed biocompatibility towards fibroblasts up to 50 μM of Q10, which was determined as suitable for cell proliferation. The mean fluorescence intensity % depending on ROS production determined in cytofluorometric studies could be listed as Q10 ≥ SLN-Q10 > LIPO-Q10. Conclusion The LIPO-Q10 system was able to enhance cell proliferation. On the contrary, SLN-Q10 did not show protective effects against ROS accumulation. As a conclusion, liposomes seem to have advantages over SLN in terms of effective delivery of Q10 to skin

  7. 46 CFR 42.07-10 - Submergence of load line marks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... VOYAGES BY SEA Control, Enforcement, and Rights of Appeal § 42.07-10 Submergence of load line marks. (a... by sea, or on the Great Lakes, or during the voyage, or on arrival, the applicable load lines marked... when navigating the Great Lakes. (d) When a vessel departs from a port situated on a river or inland...

  8. 46 CFR 42.07-10 - Submergence of load line marks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... VOYAGES BY SEA Control, Enforcement, and Rights of Appeal § 42.07-10 Submergence of load line marks. (a... by sea, or on the Great Lakes, or during the voyage, or on arrival, the applicable load lines marked... when navigating the Great Lakes. (d) When a vessel departs from a port situated on a river or inland...

  9. 46 CFR 42.07-10 - Submergence of load line marks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... VOYAGES BY SEA Control, Enforcement, and Rights of Appeal § 42.07-10 Submergence of load line marks. (a... by sea, or on the Great Lakes, or during the voyage, or on arrival, the applicable load lines marked... when navigating the Great Lakes. (d) When a vessel departs from a port situated on a river or inland...

  10. 46 CFR 42.07-10 - Submergence of load line marks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... VOYAGES BY SEA Control, Enforcement, and Rights of Appeal § 42.07-10 Submergence of load line marks. (a... by sea, or on the Great Lakes, or during the voyage, or on arrival, the applicable load lines marked... when navigating the Great Lakes. (d) When a vessel departs from a port situated on a river or inland...

  11. 46 CFR 42.07-10 - Submergence of load line marks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... VOYAGES BY SEA Control, Enforcement, and Rights of Appeal § 42.07-10 Submergence of load line marks. (a... by sea, or on the Great Lakes, or during the voyage, or on arrival, the applicable load lines marked... when navigating the Great Lakes. (d) When a vessel departs from a port situated on a river or inland...

  12. Genetics, Receptor Binding Property, and Transmissibility in Mammals of Naturally Isolated H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses

    PubMed Central

    Deng, Guohua; Zhang, Qianyi; Wang, Jinliang; He, Xijun; Wang, Kaicheng; Chen, Jiming; Li, Yuanyuan; Fan, Jun; Kong, Huiui; Gu, Chunyang; Guan, Yuantao; Suzuki, Yasuo; Kawaoka, Yoshihiro; Liu, Liling; Jiang, Yongping; Tian, Guobin; Li, Yanbing; Bu, Zhigao; Chen, Hualan

    2014-01-01

    H9N2 subtype influenza viruses have been detected in different species of wild birds and domestic poultry in many countries for several decades. Because these viruses are of low pathogenicity in poultry, their eradication is not a priority for animal disease control in many countries, which has allowed them to continue to evolve and spread. Here, we characterized the genetic variation, receptor-binding specificity, replication capability, and transmission in mammals of a series of H9N2 influenza viruses that were detected in live poultry markets in southern China between 2009 and 2013. Thirty-five viruses represented 17 genotypes on the basis of genomic diversity, and one specific “internal-gene-combination” predominated among the H9N2 viruses. This gene combination was also present in the H7N9 and H10N8 viruses that have infected humans in China. All of the 35 viruses preferentially bound to the human-like receptor, although two also retained the ability to bind to the avian-like receptor. Six of nine viruses tested were transmissible in ferrets by respiratory droplet; two were highly transmissible. Some H9N2 viruses readily acquired the 627K or 701N mutation in their PB2 gene upon infection of ferrets, further enhancing their virulence and transmission in mammals. Our study indicates that the widespread dissemination of H9N2 viruses poses a threat to human health not only because of the potential of these viruses to cause an influenza pandemic, but also because they can function as “vehicles” to deliver different subtypes of influenza viruses from avian species to humans. PMID:25411973

  13. Telbivudine prevents vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus from women with high viral loads: a prospective long-term study.

    PubMed

    Wu, Quanxin; Huang, Hongfei; Sun, Xiaowen; Pan, Meimin; He, Yun; Tan, Shun; Zeng, Yi; Li, Li; Deng, Guohong; Yan, Zehui; He, Dengming; Li, Junnan; Wang, Yuming

    2015-06-01

    Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of liver diseases. We investigated the efficacy and safety of telbivudine in preventing transmission of HBV from hepatitis B e antigen-positive pregnant women with high viral loads to their infants in an open-label study. We performed a prospective study of 450 hepatitis B e antigen-positive pregnant women with HBV DNA levels greater than 10(6) IU/mL; 279 women received telbivudine (600 mg/d) during weeks 24 to 32 of gestation, and 171 women who were unwilling to take antiviral drugs participated as controls. All newborns were vaccinated with a recombinant HBV vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin, according to a standard immunoprophylaxis procedure. Mother-to-child transmission of HBV was determined by detection of hepatitis B surface antigen and HBV DNA in the infant 6 months after birth. None of the infants whose mothers were given telbivudine tested positive for of hepatitis B surface antigen at 6 months, compared with 14.7% of infants in the control group (P = 5.317 × 10(-8)). Levels of HBV DNA also decreased among women given telbivudine; 40 of 172 (23.2%) women given telbivudine had undetectable HBV DNA levels before delivery, compared with none of the controls. A significantly higher proportion of women given telbivudine had undetectable levels of HBV DNA in cord blood (99.1%) than controls (61.5%; P = 1.195 × 10(-22)). No severe adverse events or complications were observed in women or infants. Telbivudine significantly reduces vertical transmission of HBV from pregnant women to their infants; it is safe and well tolerated by women and infants. Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry Health Care Providers ID: 26592; Government number: Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 30830090, 30972598; and Third Military Medical University Key Project for Clinical Research: 2012XLC05). Copyright © 2015 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. 75 FR 32937 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-10

    ... proposed amendments to its Open Access Transmission, Energy and Operating Reserve Markets Tariff. Filed... Interconnection, LLC submits the revised Open Access Tariff. Filed Date: 05/27/2010. Accession Number: 20100527... proposed revisions to its FERC Open Access Transmission Tariff to be effective 6/1/10. Filed Date: 05/27...

  15. Advanced Rotorcraft Transmission (ART) program summary

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Krantz, T. L.; Kish, J. G.

    1992-01-01

    The Advanced Rotorcraft Transmission (ART) Program was initiated to advance the state of the art for rotorcraft transmissions. The goal of the ART Program was to develop and demonstrate the technologies needed to reduce transmission weight by 25 pct. and reduce noise by 10 dB while obtaining a 5000 hr 'mean time between failure'. The research done under the ART Program is summarized. A split path design was selected as best able to meet the program goals. Key part technologies needed for this design were identified, studied, and developed. Two of these technologies are discussed in detail: the load sharing of split path designs including the use of a compliant elastomeric torque splitter and the application of a high ratio, low pitch line velocity gear mesh. Development of an angular contact spherical roller bearing, transmission error analysis, and fretting fatigue testing are discussed. The technologies for a light weight, quiet, and reliable rotorcraft transmission were demonstrated.

  16. Experimental Transmission of Mayaro Virus by Aedes aegypti

    PubMed Central

    Long, Kanya C.; Ziegler, Sarah A.; Thangamani, Saravanan; Hausser, Nicole L.; Kochel, Tadeusz J.; Higgs, Stephen; Tesh, Robert B.

    2011-01-01

    Outbreaks of Mayaro fever have been associated with a sylvatic cycle of Mayaro virus (MAYV) transmission in South America. To evaluate the potential for a common urban mosquito to transmit MAYV, laboratory vector competence studies were performed with Aedes aegypti from Iquitos, Peru. Oral infection in Ae. aegypti ranged from 0% (0/31) to 84% (31/37), with blood meal virus titers between 3.4 log10 and 7.3 log10 plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL. Transmission of MAYV by 70% (21/30) of infected mosquitoes was shown by saliva collection and exposure to suckling mice. Amount of viral RNA in febrile humans, determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, ranged from 2.7 to 5.3 log10 PFU equivalents/mL. Oral susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to MAYV at titers encountered in viremic humans may limit opportunities to initiate an urban cycle; however, transmission of MAYV by Ae. aegypti shows the vector competence of this species and suggests potential for urban transmission. PMID:21976583

  17. Loading Intensity Prediction by Velocity and the OMNI-RES 0-10 Scale in Bench Press.

    PubMed

    Naclerio, Fernando; Larumbe-Zabala, Eneko

    2017-02-01

    Naclerio, F and Larumbe-Zabala, E. Loading intensity prediction by velocity and the OMNI-RES 0-10 scale in bench press. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 323-329, 2017-This study examined the possibility of using movement velocity and the perceived exertion as indicators of relative load in the bench press (BP) exercise. A total of 308 young, healthy, resistance trained athletes (242 men and 66 women) performed a progressive strength test up to the one repetition maximum for the individual determination of the full load-velocity and load-exertion relationships. Longitudinal regression models were used to predict the relative load from the average velocity (AV) and the OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scales (OMNI-RES 0-10 scale), considering sets as the time-related variable. Load associated with the AV and the OMNI-RES 0-10 scale value expressed after performing a set of 1-3 repetitions were used to construct 2 adjusted predictive equations: Relative load = 107.75 - 62.97 × average velocity; and Relative load = 29.03 + 7.26 × OMNI-RES 0-10 scale value. The 2 models were capable of estimating the relative load with an accuracy of 84 and 93%, respectively. These findings confirm the ability of the 2 calculated regression models, using load-velocity and load-exertion from the OMNI-RES 0-10 scale, to accurately predict strength performance in BP.

  18. 14 CFR 27.391 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Strength Requirements Control Surface and System Loads § 27.391 General. Each auxiliary rotor, each fixed or movable stabilizing or control surface, and each system operating any flight control must meet the requirements of §§ 27.395, 27.397, 27.399, 27.411, and 27.427...

  19. 14 CFR 27.391 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Strength Requirements Control Surface and System Loads § 27.391 General. Each auxiliary rotor, each fixed or movable stabilizing or control surface, and each system operating any flight control must meet the requirements of §§ 27.395, 27.397, 27.399, 27.411, and 27.427...

  20. 14 CFR 27.391 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Strength Requirements Control Surface and System Loads § 27.391 General. Each auxiliary rotor, each fixed or movable stabilizing or control surface, and each system operating any flight control must meet the requirements of §§ 27.395, 27.397, 27.399, 27.411, and 27.427...

  1. 14 CFR 27.391 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Strength Requirements Control Surface and System Loads § 27.391 General. Each auxiliary rotor, each fixed or movable stabilizing or control surface, and each system operating any flight control must meet the requirements of §§ 27.395, 27.397, 27.399, 27.411, and 27.427...

  2. 14 CFR 27.391 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Strength Requirements Control Surface and System Loads § 27.391 General. Each auxiliary rotor, each fixed or movable stabilizing or control surface, and each system operating any flight control must meet the requirements of §§ 27.395, 27.397, 27.399, 27.411, and 27.427...

  3. [RATE OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT IN BOYS AGED 10-11 YEARS AND THE EFFECTS OF TRAINING LOADS DURING A 12-MONTH SOCCER PROGRAM].

    PubMed

    Boraczyński, Michał; Sozański, Henryk

    2015-01-01

    The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of physical development in prepubertal boys in response to training at different loads. The study involved two groups of soccer players, experimental groups E1 (n = 26, age 10.4 ± 0.6 years) and E2 (n = 27, age 10.3 ± 0.8 years) who were involved in a 12-month soccer training program, and a control group (C) of age-matched untrained boys (n = 22). The training protocol of E1 involved a greater share of coordination-based exercises, in E2 more focus was placed on conditioning fitness and strength. Body height, mass, fat percentage, and body mass index were measured pre-, peri-, and post-training. Chronological and developmental age were used to calculate a Biological State Maturity Index (BSMI). Between-group differences were observed in body fat percentage, which was higher in the control group by 6.8% at post-training compared with E1 (p < 0.05). E1 showed the most congruence between chronological and developmental age. Developmental age was most retarded in E2 by an average of 4.3 months. Greatest between-group differences were observed in E1 and the control group for the BSMI of body height (49.9%) at pre-training. BSMI of height and mass in the control group were different (p < 0.01) from both experimental groups at pre-, peri-, and post-training. 1. The experimental soccer training programs were conducive to the physical development of boys aged 10-11 years as evidenced by the absence of disturbances in the range of observed variables characterizing the body built and biological development. 2. Body mass index did not accurately reflect changes in body composition. A more detailed analysis of body composition is required in the recruitment and selection of young soccer players in order to better control the effects of training and diet. 3. The adopted BSMI measure indicated a delay in growth according to developmental age norms in the entire sample. However, the accelerated physical development in E1 during the

  4. Lack of evidence for pre-symptomatic transmission of pandemic influenza virus A(H1N1) 2009 in an outbreak among teenagers; Germany, 2009.

    PubMed

    Hermes, Julia; Bernard, Helen; Buchholz, Udo; Spackova, Michaela; Löw, Johann; Loytved, Gunther; Suess, Thorsten; Hautmann, Wolfgang; Werber, Dirk

    2011-11-01

    Observations on the role of pre-symptomatic transmission in the spread of influenza virus are scanty. In June 2009, an outbreak of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 infection occurred at a teenager's party in Germany. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 infection. We performed a retrospective cohort study among party guests. A case was defined as pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 infection confirmed by rRT-PCR who developed influenza-like illness between 1 and 5 June 2009. Contact patterns among party guests were evaluated. In eight (36%) of 27 party guests, the outcome was ascertained. A travel returnee from a country with endemic pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 who fell ill toward the end of the party was identified as the source case. Party guests with pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 infection had talked significantly longer to the source case than non-infected persons (P-value: 0·001). Importantly, none (0/9) of those who had left the party prior to the source case's symptom onset became infected compared to 7 (41%) of 17 who stayed overnight (P = 0·06), and these persons all had transmission-prone contacts to the source case. In this outbreak with one index case, there was no evidence to support pre-symptomatic transmission of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009. Further evidence is required, ideally from larger studies with multiple index cases, to more accurately characterize the potential for pre-symptomatic transmission of influenza virus. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  5. 27 CFR 24.29 - Claims.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Claims. 24.29 Section 24.29 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE...)) (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1512-0492) [T.D. ATF-299, 55 FR 24989...

  6. 27 CFR 24.29 - Claims.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Claims. 24.29 Section 24.29 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE...)) (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1512-0492) [T.D. ATF-299, 55 FR 24989...

  7. NERC Policy 10: Measurement of two generation and load balancing IOS

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Spicer, P.J.; Galow, G.G.

    1999-11-01

    Policy 10 will describe specific standards and metrics for most of the reliability functions described in the Interconnected Operations Services Working Group (IOS WG) report. The purpose of this paper is to discuss, in detail, the proposed metrics for two generation and load balancing IOSs: Regulation; Load Following. For purposes of this paper, metrics include both measurement and performance evaluation. The measurement methods discussed are included in the current draft of the proposed Policy 10. The performance evaluation method discussed is offered by the authors for consideration by the IOS ITF (Implementation Task Force) for inclusion into Policy 10.

  8. Molecular Mechanism of the Airborne Transmissibility of H9N2 Avian Influenza A Viruses in Chickens

    PubMed Central

    Zhong, Lei; Wang, Xiaoquan; Li, Qunhui; Liu, Dong; Chen, Hongzhi; Zhao, Mingjun; Gu, Xiaobing; He, Liang; Liu, Xiaowen; Gu, Min; Peng, Daxin

    2014-01-01

    ABSTRACT H9N2 avian influenza virus has been prevalent in poultry in many parts of the world since the 1990s and occasionally crosses the host barrier, transmitting to mammals, including humans. In recent years, these viruses have contributed genes to H5N1 and H7N9 influenza viruses, threatening public health. To explore the molecular mechanism for the airborne transmission of H9N2 virus, we compared two genetically close strains isolated from chickens in 2001, A/chicken/Shanghai/7/2001(SH7) and A/chicken/Shanghai/14/2001 (SH14). SH7 is airborne transmissible between chickens, whereas SH14 is not. We used reverse genetics and gene swapping to derive recombinant SH7 (rSH7), rSH14, and a panel of reassortant viruses. Among the reassortant viruses, we identified segments HA and PA as governing the airborne transmission among chickens. In addition, the NP and NS genes also contributed to a lesser extent. Furthermore, the mutational analyses showed the transmissibility phenotype predominantly mapped to the HA and PA genes, with HA-K363 and PA-L672 being important for airborne transmissibility among chickens. In addition, the viral infectivity and acid stability are related to the airborne transmissibility. Importantly, airborne transmission studies of 18 arbitrarily chosen H9N2 viruses from our collections confirmed the importance of both 363K in HA and 672L in PA in determining their levels of transmissibility. Our finding elucidates the genetic contributions to H9N2 transmissibility in chickens and highlights the importance of their prevalence in poultry. IMPORTANCE Our study investigates the airborne transmissibility of H9N2 viruses in chickens and the subsequent epidemic. H9N2 virus is the donor for several prevalent reassortant influenza viruses, such as H7N9/2013 and the H5N1 viruses. Poultry as the reservoir hosts of influenza virus is closely associated with human society. Airborne transmission is an efficient pathway for influenza virus transmission among

  9. 47 CFR 27.61-27.62 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false [Reserved] 27.61-27.62 Section 27.61-27.62 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Technical Standards §§ 27.61-27.62 [Reserved] ...

  10. 47 CFR 27.61-27.62 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false [Reserved] 27.61-27.62 Section 27.61-27.62 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Technical Standards §§ 27.61-27.62 [Reserved] ...

  11. Estimation of dynamic rotor loads for the rotor systems research aircraft: Methodology development and validation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Duval, R. W.; Bahrami, M.

    1985-01-01

    The Rotor Systems Research Aircraft uses load cells to isolate the rotor/transmission systm from the fuselage. A mathematical model relating applied rotor loads and inertial loads of the rotor/transmission system to the load cell response is required to allow the load cells to be used to estimate rotor loads from flight data. Such a model is derived analytically by applying a force and moment balance to the isolated rotor/transmission system. The model is tested by comparing its estimated values of applied rotor loads with measured values obtained from a ground based shake test. Discrepancies in the comparison are used to isolate sources of unmodeled external loads. Once the structure of the mathematical model has been validated by comparison with experimental data, the parameters must be identified. Since the parameters may vary with flight condition it is desirable to identify the parameters directly from the flight data. A Maximum Likelihood identification algorithm is derived for this purpose and tested using a computer simulation of load cell data. The identification is found to converge within 10 samples. The rapid convergence facilitates tracking of time varying parameters of the load cell model in flight.

  12. 75 FR 7473 - SunZia Transmission, LLC; Notice of Filing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-19

    ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. EL10-39-000] SunZia Transmission, LLC; Notice of Filing February 5, 2010. Take notice that on January 29, 2010, SunZia Transmission, LLC (SunZia) filed a petition for declaratory order pursuant to Rule 207(a)(2) of the Commission's...

  13. An HIV Epidemic Model Based on Viral Load Dynamics: Value in Assessing Empirical Trends in HIV Virulence and Community Viral Load

    PubMed Central

    Herbeck, Joshua T.; Mittler, John E.; Gottlieb, Geoffrey S.; Mullins, James I.

    2014-01-01

    Trends in HIV virulence have been monitored since the start of the AIDS pandemic, as studying HIV virulence informs our understanding of HIV epidemiology and pathogenesis. Here, we model changes in HIV virulence as a strictly evolutionary process, using set point viral load (SPVL) as a proxy, to make inferences about empirical SPVL trends from longitudinal HIV cohorts. We develop an agent-based epidemic model based on HIV viral load dynamics. The model contains functions for viral load and transmission, SPVL and disease progression, viral load trajectories in multiple stages of infection, and the heritability of SPVL across transmissions. We find that HIV virulence evolves to an intermediate level that balances infectiousness with longer infected lifespans, resulting in an optimal SPVL∼4.75 log10 viral RNA copies/mL. Adaptive viral evolution may explain observed HIV virulence trends: our model produces SPVL trends with magnitudes that are broadly similar to empirical trends. With regard to variation among studies in empirical SPVL trends, results from our model suggest that variation may be explained by the specific epidemic context, e.g. the mean SPVL of the founding lineage or the age of the epidemic; or improvements in HIV screening and diagnosis that results in sampling biases. We also use our model to examine trends in community viral load, a population-level measure of HIV viral load that is thought to reflect a population's overall transmission potential. We find that community viral load evolves in association with SPVL, in the absence of prevention programs such as antiretroviral therapy, and that the mean community viral load is not necessarily a strong predictor of HIV incidence. PMID:24945322

  14. 27 CFR 18.55 - Label.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Label. 18.55 Section 18.55 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Management and Budget under control number 1512-0098) [T.D. ATF-104, 47 FR 23921, June 2, 1982, as amended by...

  15. 27 CFR 24.60 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false General. 24.60 Section 24.60 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Budget under control number 1512-0492) [T.D. ATF-299, 55 FR 24989, June 19, 1990, as amended by T.D. ATF...

  16. 27 CFR 24.60 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false General. 24.60 Section 24.60 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Budget under control number 1512-0492) [T.D. ATF-299, 55 FR 24989, June 19, 1990, as amended by T.D. ATF...

  17. Multiple p-n junction subwavelength gratings for transmission-mode electro-optic modulators

    PubMed Central

    Lee, Ki Young; Yoon, Jae Woong; Song, Seok Ho; Magnusson, Robert

    2017-01-01

    We propose a free-space electro-optic transmission modulator based on multiple p-n-junction semiconductor subwavelength gratings. The proposed device operates with a high-Q guided-mode resonance undergoing electro-optic resonance shift due to direct electrical control. Using rigorous electrical and optical modeling methods, we theoretically demonstrate a modulation depth of 84%, on-state efficiency 85%, and on-off extinction ratio of 19 dB at 1,550 nm wavelength under electrical control signals within a favorably low bias voltage range from −4 V to +1 V. This functionality operates in the transmission mode and sustainable in the high-speed operation regime up to a 10-GHz-scale modulation bandwidth in principle. The theoretical performance prediction is remarkably advantageous over plasmonic tunable metasurfaces in the power-efficiency and absolute modulation-depth aspects. Therefore, further experimental study is of great interest for creating practical-level metasurface components in various application areas. PMID:28417962

  18. 47 CFR 27.322-27.325 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false [Reserved] 27.322-27.325 Section 27.322-27.325 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Application, Licensing, and Processing Rules for WCS §§ 27.322-27.325 [Reserved] ...

  19. 47 CFR 27.304-27.307 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false [Reserved] 27.304-27.307 Section 27.304-27.307 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Application, Licensing, and Processing Rules for WCS §§ 27.304-27.307 [Reserved] ...

  20. 47 CFR 27.310-27.320 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false [Reserved] 27.310-27.320 Section 27.310-27.320 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Application, Licensing, and Processing Rules for WCS §§ 27.310-27.320 [Reserved] ...

  1. 47 CFR 27.322-27.325 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false [Reserved] 27.322-27.325 Section 27.322-27.325 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Application, Licensing, and Processing Rules for WCS §§ 27.322-27.325 [Reserved] ...

  2. 47 CFR 27.310-27.320 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false [Reserved] 27.310-27.320 Section 27.310-27.320 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Application, Licensing, and Processing Rules for WCS §§ 27.310-27.320 [Reserved] ...

  3. 47 CFR 27.304-27.307 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false [Reserved] 27.304-27.307 Section 27.304-27.307 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Application, Licensing, and Processing Rules for WCS §§ 27.304-27.307 [Reserved] ...

  4. A single vaccination of commercial broilers does not reduce transmission of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza

    PubMed Central

    2011-01-01

    Vaccination of chickens has become routine practice in Asian countries in which H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is endemically present. This mainly applies to layer and breeder flocks, but broilers are usually left unvaccinated. Here we investigate whether vaccination is able to reduce HPAI H5N1 virus transmission among broiler chickens. Four sets of experiments were carried out, each consisting of 22 replicate trials containing a pair of birds. Experiments 1-3 were carried out with four-week-old birds that were unvaccinated, and vaccinated at day 1 or at day 10 of age. Experiment 4 was carried out with unvaccinated day-old broiler chicks. One chicken in each trial was inoculated with H5N1 HPAI virus. One chicken in each trial was inoculated with virus. The course of the infection chain was monitored by serological analysis, and by virus isolation performed on tracheal and cloacal swabs. The analyses were based on a stochastic SEIR model using a Bayesian inferential framework. When inoculation was carried out at the 28th day of life, transmission was efficient in unvaccinated birds, and in birds vaccinated at first or tenth day of life. In these experiments estimates of the latent period (~1.0 day), infectious period (~3.3 days), and transmission rate parameter (~1.4 per day) were similar, as were estimates of the reproduction number (~4) and generation interval (~1.4 day). Transmission was significantly less efficient in unvaccinated chickens when inoculation was carried out on the first day of life. These results show that vaccination of broiler chickens does not reduce transmission, and suggest that this may be due to the interference of maternal immunity. PMID:21635732

  5. Factors associated with mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 despite a maternal viral load <500 copies/ml at delivery: a case-control study nested in the French perinatal cohort (EPF-ANRS CO1).

    PubMed

    Tubiana, Roland; Le Chenadec, Jerome; Rouzioux, Christine; Mandelbrot, Laurent; Hamrene, Karima; Dollfus, Catherine; Faye, Albert; Delaugerre, Constance; Blanche, Stephane; Warszawski, Josiane

    2010-02-15

    The rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 is as low as 0.5% in non-breast-feeding mothers who delivered at term while receiving antiretroviral therapy with a plasma viral load <500 copies/mL. This situation accounted for 20% of the infected children born during the period 1997-2006 in the French Perinatal Cohort. We aimed to identify factors associated with such residual transmission risk. We performed a case-control study nested in the aforementioned subpopulation of the French Perinatal Cohort. Nineteen case patients (transmitters) and 60 control subjects (nontransmitters) were included. Case patients and control subjects did not differ by geographical origin, gestational age at HIV diagnosis, type of antiretroviral therapy received, or elective Cesarean delivery. Case patients were less often receiving treatment at the time that they conceived pregnancy than control subjects (16% vs 45%; P=.017). A lower proportion of case patients had a viral load <500 copies/mL, compared with control subjects, at 14 weeks (0% vs 38.1%; P=.02), 28 weeks (7.7% vs 62.1%; P=.005), and 32 weeks: (21.4% vs 71.1%; P=.004). The difference remained significant when we restricted analysis to the 10 of 16 intrapartum transmission cases. In a multivariate analysis at 30+/-4 weeks adjusted for viral load, CD4(+) T cell count, and time at antiretroviral therapy initiation, viral load was the only factor independently associated with MTCT of HIV (adjusted odds ratio, 23.2; 95% confidence interval, 3.5-553; P<.001). Early and sustained control of viral load is associated with a decreasing residual risk of MTCT of HIV-1. Guidelines should take into account not only CD4(+) T cell count and risk of preterm delivery, but also baseline HIV-1 load for deciding when to start antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy.

  6. 48 CFR 53.301-1423 - Inventory Verification Survey.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inventory Verification Survey. 53.301-1423 Section 53.301-1423 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION... Survey. ER05AP04.000 [69 FR 17752, Apr. 5, 2004] ER02JA97.015 [62 FR 249, Jan. 2, 1997] ...

  7. 28 CFR 545.27 - Inmate vacations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... because of the inmate's poor performance or adverse behavior. [49 FR 38915, Oct. 1, 1984. Redesignated and... COMPENSATION Inmate Work and Performance Pay Program § 545.27 Inmate vacations. (a) An inmate who has worked... shall approve the request if the inmate's work performance qualifies for vacation credit. (b) Staff...

  8. Magnetic Anomalies over the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 27{degrees}N.

    PubMed

    Phillips, J D

    1967-08-25

    Ten magnetic profiles across the mid-Atlantic ridge near 27 degrees N show trends that are parallel to the ridge axis and symmetrical about the ridge axis. The configuration of magnetic bodies that could account for the pattern supports the Vine and Matthews hypothesis for the origin of magnetic anomalies over oceanic ridges. A polarity-reversal time scale inferred from models for sea-floor spreading in the Pacific-Antarctic ridge and radiometrically dated reversals of the geomagnetic field indicates a spreading rate of 1.25 centimeters per year during the last 6 million years and a rate of 1.65 centimeters per year between 6 and 10 million years ago. A similar analysis of more limited data over the mid-Atlantic ridge near 22 degrees N also indicates a change in the spreading rate. Here a rate of 1.4 centimeters per year appears to have been in effect during the last 5 million years; between 5 and 9 million years ago, an increased rate of 1.7 centimeters per year is indicated. The time of occurrence and relative magnitude of these changes in the spreading rate, about 5 to 6 million years ago and 18 to 27 percent, respectively, accords with the spreading rate change implied for the Juan de Fuca ridge in the northeast Pacific.

  9. Molecular mechanism of the airborne transmissibility of H9N2 avian influenza A viruses in chickens.

    PubMed

    Zhong, Lei; Wang, Xiaoquan; Li, Qunhui; Liu, Dong; Chen, Hongzhi; Zhao, Mingjun; Gu, Xiaobing; He, Liang; Liu, Xiaowen; Gu, Min; Peng, Daxin; Liu, Xiufan

    2014-09-01

    H9N2 avian influenza virus has been prevalent in poultry in many parts of the world since the 1990s and occasionally crosses the host barrier, transmitting to mammals, including humans. In recent years, these viruses have contributed genes to H5N1 and H7N9 influenza viruses, threatening public health. To explore the molecular mechanism for the airborne transmission of H9N2 virus, we compared two genetically close strains isolated from chickens in 2001, A/chicken/Shanghai/7/2001(SH7) and A/chicken/Shanghai/14/2001 (SH14). SH7 is airborne transmissible between chickens, whereas SH14 is not. We used reverse genetics and gene swapping to derive recombinant SH7 (rSH7), rSH14, and a panel of reassortant viruses. Among the reassortant viruses, we identified segments HA and PA as governing the airborne transmission among chickens. In addition, the NP and NS genes also contributed to a lesser extent. Furthermore, the mutational analyses showed the transmissibility phenotype predominantly mapped to the HA and PA genes, with HA-K363 and PA-L672 being important for airborne transmissibility among chickens. In addition, the viral infectivity and acid stability are related to the airborne transmissibility. Importantly, airborne transmission studies of 18 arbitrarily chosen H9N2 viruses from our collections confirmed the importance of both 363K in HA and 672L in PA in determining their levels of transmissibility. Our finding elucidates the genetic contributions to H9N2 transmissibility in chickens and highlights the importance of their prevalence in poultry. Our study investigates the airborne transmissibility of H9N2 viruses in chickens and the subsequent epidemic. H9N2 virus is the donor for several prevalent reassortant influenza viruses, such as H7N9/2013 and the H5N1 viruses. Poultry as the reservoir hosts of influenza virus is closely associated with human society. Airborne transmission is an efficient pathway for influenza virus transmission among flocks and individuals

  10. 27 CFR 10.52 - Practice which puts trade buyer independence at risk.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Practice which puts trade buyer independence at risk. 10.52 Section 10.52 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS COMMERCIAL BRIBERY Exclusion § 10.52...

  11. In vitro study of novel gadolinium-loaded liposomes guided by GBI-10 aptamer for promising tumor targeting and tumor diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging

    PubMed Central

    Gu, Meng-Jie; Li, Kun-Feng; Zhang, Lan-Xin; Wang, Huan; Liu, Li-Si; Zheng, Zhuo-Zhao; Han, Nan-Yin; Yang, Zhen-Jun; Fan, Tian-Yuan

    2015-01-01

    Novel gadolinium-loaded liposomes guided by GBI-10 aptamer were developed and evaluated in vitro to enhance magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis of tumor. Nontargeted gadolinium-loaded liposomes were achieved by incorporating amphipathic material, Gd (III) [N,N-bis-stearylamidomethyl-N′-amidomethyl] diethylenetriamine tetraacetic acid, into the liposome membrane using lipid film hydration method. GBI-10, as the targeting ligand, was then conjugated onto the liposome surface to get GBI-10-targeted gadolinium-loaded liposomes (GTLs). Both nontargeted gadolinium-loaded liposomes and GTLs displayed good dispersion stability, optimal size, and zeta potential for tumor targeting, as well as favorable imaging properties with enhanced relaxivity compared with a commercial MRI contrast agent (CA), gadopentetate dimeglumine. The use of GBI-10 aptamer in this liposomal system was intended to result in increased accumulation of gadolinium at the periphery of C6 glioma cells, where the targeting extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C is overexpressed. Increased cellular binding of GTLs to C6 cells was confirmed by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and MRI, demonstrating the promise of this novel delivery system as a carrier of MRI contrast agent for the diagnosis of tumor. These studies provide a new strategy furthering the development of nanomedicine for both diagnosis and therapy of tumor. PMID:26316749

  12. 75 FR 56145 - Investigations Regarding Certifications of Eligibility To Apply for Worker Adjustment Assistance

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-15

    ... Industries, Inc. Oldsmar, FL 08/23/10 08/16/10 (Company). 74547 HAVI Logistics NA-DAVIS Davis, CA 08/23/10 08... Restaurants, Inc. Anaheim, CA 08/23/10 08/18/10 (Company). 74553 Fiserv, Inc. (State/One- Owing Mills, MD 08... Supply Group (Company). 74568 Cardone Industries Philadelphia, PA 08/27/10 08/17/10 (Workers). [FR Doc...

  13. Low inductance diode design of the Proto 2 accelerator for imploding plasma loads

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hsing, W. W.; Coats, R.; McDaniel, D. H.; Spielman, R. B.

    A new water transmission line convolute, single piece insulator, and double accelerator. The water transmission lines have a 5 cm gap to eliminate any water arcing. A two-dimensional magnetic field code was used to calculate the convolute inductance. An acrylic insulator was used as well as a single piece, laminated polycarbonate insulator. They have been successfully tested at over 90% of the Shipman criteria for classical insulator breakdown, although the laminations in the polycarbonate insulator failed after a few shots. The anode and cathode each have two pieces and are held together mechanically. The vacuum MITL tapers to a 3 mm minimum gap. The total inductance is 8.4 nH for gas puff loads and 7.8 nH for imploding foil loads. Out of a forward-going energy of 290 kJ, 175 kJ has been delivered past the insulator, and 100 kJ has been successfully delivered to the load.

  14. Routes of transmission of influenza A H1N1, SARS CoV, and norovirus in air cabin: Comparative analyses.

    PubMed

    Lei, H; Li, Y; Xiao, S; Lin, C-H; Norris, S L; Wei, D; Hu, Z; Ji, S

    2018-05-01

    Identifying the exact transmission route(s) of infectious diseases in indoor environments is a crucial step in developing effective intervention strategies. In this study, we proposed a comparative analysis approach and built a model to simulate outbreaks of 3 different in-flight infections in a similar cabin environment, that is, influenza A H1N1, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV), and norovirus. The simulation results seemed to suggest that the close contact route was probably the most significant route (contributes 70%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 67%-72%) in the in-flight transmission of influenza A H1N1 transmission; as a result, passengers within 2 rows of the index case had a significantly higher infection risk than others in the outbreak (relative risk [RR]: 13.4, 95% CI: 1.5-121.2, P = .019). For SARS CoV, the airborne, close contact, and fomite routes contributed 21% (95% CI: 19%-23%), 29% (95% CI: 27%-31%), and 50% (95% CI: 48%-53%), respectively. For norovirus, the simulation results suggested that the fomite route played the dominant role (contributes 85%, 95% CI: 83%-87%) in most cases; as a result, passengers in aisle seats had a significantly higher infection risk than others (RR: 9.5, 95% CI: 1.2-77.4, P = .022). This work highlighted a method for using observed outbreak data to analyze the roles of different infection transmission routes. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  15. 78 FR 79687 - Texas Eastern Transmission, LP; Notice of Application

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-31

    ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. CP14-29-000] Texas Eastern Transmission, LP; Notice of Application Take notice that on December 10, 2013 Texas Eastern Transmission, LP (Texas Eastern), at 5400 Westheimer Court, Houston, Texas 77056, filed an application in Docket No. CP14-29-000 pursuant to section 7(b) of...

  16. 48 CFR 53.301-1094A - SF 1094A, Tax Exemption Certificates Accountability Record.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false SF 1094A, Tax Exemption Certificates Accountability Record. 53.301-1094A Section 53.301-1094A Federal Acquisition Regulations System... 1094A, Tax Exemption Certificates Accountability Record. ER02JA97.013 ER02JA97.014 [62 FR 247, Jan. 2...

  17. 27 CFR 18.38 - Permanent discontinuance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Permanent discontinuance. 18.38 Section 18.38 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU... by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1512-0046) [T.D. ATF-104, 47 FR 23921...

  18. Assessment of iodine nutritional status in the general population in the province of Jaén.

    PubMed

    Olmedo Carrillo, Pablo; García Fuentes, Eduardo; Gutiérrez Alcántara, Carmen; Serrano Quero, Manuel; Moreno Martínez, Macarena; Ureña Fernández, Tomás; Santiago Fernández, Piedad

    2015-10-01

    Iodine deficiency affecting both pregnant women and schoolchildren has been reported in Jaén. Iodine deficiency is one of the leading causes of thyroid dysfunction and goiter, and adequate iodine prophylaxis with iodized salt, milk, and dairy products, or iodine supplementation have been shown to significantly improve iodine status in pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to assess iodine nutritional status in the general population of a iodine-deficient area with no previous institutional campaigns of iodine prophylaxis. A descriptive, cross-sectional study. Urinary iodine levels were measured in subjects from the Jaén healthcare district. The data were stratified by sex and age groups, and a survey was conducted on iodized salt consumption. Median and mean urinary iodine levels were 110.59 mcg/L and 130.11 mcg/L respectively. Urinary iodine levels were significantly higher in schoolchildren as compared to other age groups (161.52μg/L vs 109.33μg/L in subjects older than 65 years). Forty-three percent of the population had urinary iodine levels less than 100μg/L, and 68% of women of childbearing age had levels less than 150μg/L. Iodine nutritional status appears to be adequate, but the proportion of the population with urinary iodine levels less than 100μg/L is still very high, and iodized salt consumption is much less common than recommended by the WHO. Copyright © 2015 SEEN. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

  19. The Opposites Attract Study of viral load, HIV treatment and HIV transmission in serodiscordant homosexual male couples: design and methods.

    PubMed

    Bavinton, Benjamin R; Jin, Fengyi; Prestage, Garrett; Zablotska, Iryna; Koelsch, Kersten K; Phanuphak, Nittaya; Grinsztejn, Beatriz; Cooper, David A; Fairley, Christopher; Kelleher, Anthony; Triffitt, Kathy; Grulich, Andrew E

    2014-09-04

    Studies in heterosexual HIV serodiscordant couples have provided critical evidence on the role of HIV treatments and undetectable viral load in reducing the risk of HIV transmission. There is very limited data on the risk of transmission from anal sex in homosexual male serodiscordant couples. The Opposites Attract Study is an observational prospective longitudinal cohort study of male homosexual serodiscordant partnerships running from 2012 to 2015 and conducted in clinics throughout Australia, Brazil and Thailand. Couples attend two or more clinic visits per year. The HIV-positive partner's viral load is tested and the HIV-negative partner is tested for HIV antibodies at every clinic visit. Results from any tests for sexually transmitted infections are also collected. Detailed behavioural questionnaires are completed by both partners at the time of each visit. The primary research question is whether HIV incidence is lower in those couples where the HIV-positive partner is receiving HIV treatment compared to couples where he is not receiving treatment. A voluntary semen sub-study will examine semen plasma viral load in a subsample of HIV-positive partners in Sydney, Rio de Janeiro and Bangkok. In cases of seroconversion of the initially HIV-negative partner, phylogenetic analysis will be conducted at the end of the study on virus from stored blood samples from both partners to determine if the infection came from the HIV-positive study partner. Men in new serodiscordant relationships will specifically be targeted for recruitment. This study will provide critical data on the reduction in HIV transmission risk associated with being on HIV treatment in homosexual male serodiscordant couples in different regions of the world. Data from men in new relationships will be particularly valuable given that the highest transmission risk is in the first year of serodiscordant relationships. Furthermore, the detailed behavioural and attitudinal data from the participant

  20. 14 CFR 27.427 - Unsymmetrical loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... conditions. (b) To meet the design criteria of paragraph (a) of this section, in the absence of more rational... selected so the maximum design loads are obtained on each surface. In the absence of more rational data...

  1. 27 CFR 10.52 - Practice which puts trade buyer independence at risk.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Practice which puts trade buyer independence at risk. 10.52 Section 10.52 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS COMMERCIAL BRIBERY Exclusion § 10.52 Practice which puts trade buyer independence at...

  2. 27 CFR 10.52 - Practice which puts trade buyer independence at risk.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Practice which puts trade buyer independence at risk. 10.52 Section 10.52 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL COMMERCIAL BRIBERY Exclusion § 10.52 Practice which puts trade buyer independence at...

  3. Open-ringed structure of the Cdt1-Mcm2-7 complex as a precursor of the MCM double hexamer.

    PubMed

    Zhai, Yuanliang; Cheng, Erchao; Wu, Hao; Li, Ningning; Yung, Philip Yuk Kwong; Gao, Ning; Tye, Bik-Kwoon

    2017-03-01

    The minichromosome maintenance complex (MCM) hexameric complex (Mcm2-7) forms the core of the eukaryotic replicative helicase. During G1 phase, two Cdt1-Mcm2-7 heptamers are loaded onto each replication origin by the origin-recognition complex (ORC) and Cdc6 to form an inactive MCM double hexamer (DH), but the detailed loading mechanism remains unclear. Here we examine the structures of the yeast MCM hexamer and Cdt1-MCM heptamer from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both complexes form left-handed coil structures with a 10-15-Å gap between Mcm5 and Mcm2, and a central channel that is occluded by the C-terminal domain winged-helix motif of Mcm5. Cdt1 wraps around the N-terminal regions of Mcm2, Mcm6 and Mcm4 to stabilize the whole complex. The intrinsic coiled structures of the precursors provide insights into the DH formation, and suggest a spring-action model for the MCM during the initial origin melting and the subsequent DNA unwinding.

  4. 27 CFR 24.211 - Formula required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Formula required. 24.211 Section 24.211 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT... Office of Management and Budget under control number 1512-0059) [T.D. ATF-299, 55 FR 24989, June 19, 1990...

  5. 27 CFR 24.201 - Formula required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Formula required. 24.201 Section 24.201 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT...)) (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1512-0059) [T.D. ATF-299, 55 FR 24989...

  6. 75 FR 27771 - Overland Trail Transmission, LLC; Notice of Baseline Filing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-18

    ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. PR10-23-000] Overland Trail Transmission, LLC; Notice of Baseline Filing May 11, 2010. Take notice that on May 7, 2010, Overland Trail Transmission, LLC submitted its baseline filing of its Statement of Operating Conditions for transportation...

  7. 77 FR 4541 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-30

    ... submit to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for clearance the following proposal for collection... reports, 60 minutes each; other notifications and reports, 10 minutes, and documentary evidence requests.... Gwellnar Banks, Management Analyst, Office of the Chief Information Officer. [FR Doc. 2012-1865 Filed 1-27...

  8. 10 CFR 95.13 - Maintenance of records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... prescribed within the part. These records are subject to review and inspection by CSA representatives during security reviews. (b) Each record required by this part must be legible throughout the retention period... 27, 1988, as amended at 62 FR 17691, Apr. 11, 1997; 72 FR 49562, Aug. 28, 2007] Physical Security ...

  9. 10 CFR 429.27 - General service fluorescent lamps, general service incandescent lamps, and incandescent reflector...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false General service fluorescent lamps, general service incandescent lamps, and incandescent reflector lamps. 429.27 Section 429.27 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY... EQUIPMENT Certification § 429.27 General service fluorescent lamps, general service incandescent lamps, and...

  10. 10 CFR 429.27 - General service fluorescent lamps, general service incandescent lamps, and incandescent reflector...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false General service fluorescent lamps, general service incandescent lamps, and incandescent reflector lamps. 429.27 Section 429.27 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY... EQUIPMENT Certification § 429.27 General service fluorescent lamps, general service incandescent lamps, and...

  11. 10 CFR 429.27 - General service fluorescent lamps, general service incandescent lamps, and incandescent reflector...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false General service fluorescent lamps, general service incandescent lamps, and incandescent reflector lamps. 429.27 Section 429.27 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY... EQUIPMENT Certification § 429.27 General service fluorescent lamps, general service incandescent lamps, and...

  12. Evaluation of self-assembled HCPT-loaded PEG-b-PLA nanoparticles by comparing with HCPT-loaded PLA nanoparticles.

    PubMed

    Yang, Xiangrui; Wu, Shichao; Wang, Yange; Li, Yang; Chang, Di; Luo, Yin; Ye, Shefang; Hou, Zhenqing

    2014-12-01

    We present a dialysis technique to prepare the 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT)-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) using methoxypolyethylene glycol-poly(D,L-lactide) (PEG-b-PLA) and PLA, respectively. Both HCPT-loaded PEG-b-PLA NPs and HCPT-loaded PLA NPs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results showed that the HCPT-loaded PEG-b-PLA NPs and HCPT-loaded PLA NPs presented a hydrodynamic particle size of 120.1 and 226.8 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.057 and 0.207, a zeta potential of -31.2 and -45.7 mV, drug encapsulation efficiency of 44.52% and 44.94%, and drug-loaded content of 7.42% and 7.49%, respectively. The HCPT-loaded PEG-b-PLA NPs presented faster drug release rate compared to the HCPT-loaded PLA NPs. The HCPT-loaded PEG-b-PLA NPs presented higher cytotoxicity than the HCPT-loaded PLA NPs. These results suggested that the HCPT-loaded PEG-b-PLA NPs presented better characteristics for drug delivery compared to HCPT-loaded PLA NPs.

  13. 14 CFR 27.321 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false General. 27.321 Section 27.321 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Strength Requirements Flight Loads § 27.321 General. (a) The flight...

  14. 27 CFR 18.51 - Processing material.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Processing material. 18.51 Section 18.51 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT... and Budget under control number 1512-0098) [T.D. ATF-104, 47 FR 23921, June 2, 1982, as amended by T.D...

  15. Towards a complete Δ(27) × SO(10) GUT of flavour

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Björkeroth, Fredrik

    2017-09-01

    We propose a renormalisable model based on Δ(27) family symmetry with an SO(10) grand unified theory (GUT) leading to a novel form of spontaneous geometrical CP violation. The symmetries are broken close to the GUT breaking scale to yield the minimal supersymmetric standard model with standard R-parity. Low-scale Yukawa structure is dictated by the coupling of matter to Δ(27) antitriplets \\bar φ whose vacuum expectation values are aligned in the CSD3 directions by the superpotential. Light physical Majorana neutrinos masses emerge from the seesaw mechanism within SO(10). The model predicts a normal neutrino mass hierarchy with the best-fit lightest neutrino mass m 1 ∼ 0.3 meV, CP-violating oscillation phase δl ≈ 280° and the remaining neutrino parameters all within 1σ of their best-fit experimental values.

  16. Design of an Ultra-Efficient GaN High Power Amplifier for Radar Front-Ends Using Active Harmonic Load-Pull

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Thrivikraman, Tushar; Hoffman, James

    2012-01-01

    This work presents a new measurement technique, mixed-signal active harmonic load-pull (MSALP) developed by Anterverta-mw in partnership with Maury Microwave, that allows for wide-band ultra-high efficiency amplifiers to be designed using GaN technology. An overview of the theory behind active load-pull is presented and why load-pull is important for high-power device characterization. In addition, an example procedure is presented that outlines a methodology for amplifier design using this measurement system. Lastly, measured results of a 10W GaN amplifier are presented. This work aims to highlight the benefit of using this sophisticated measurement systems for to optimize amplifier design for real radar waveforms that in turn will simplify implementation of space-based radar systems

  17. Inefficient transmission of H5N1 influenza viruses in a ferret contact model.

    PubMed

    Yen, Hui-Ling; Lipatov, Aleksandr S; Ilyushina, Natalia A; Govorkova, Elena A; Franks, John; Yilmaz, Neziha; Douglas, Alan; Hay, Alan; Krauss, Scott; Rehg, Jerold E; Hoffmann, Erich; Webster, Robert G

    2007-07-01

    The abilities to infect and transmit efficiently among humans are essential for a novel influenza A virus to cause a pandemic. To evaluate the pandemic potential of widely disseminated H5N1 influenza viruses, a ferret contact model using experimental groups comprised of one inoculated ferret and two contact ferrets was used to study the transmissibility of four human H5N1 viruses isolated from 2003 to 2006. The effects of viral pathogenicity and receptor binding specificity (affinity to synthetic sialosaccharides with alpha2,3 or alpha2,6 linkages) on transmissibility were assessed. A/Vietnam/1203/04 and A/Vietnam/JP36-2/05 viruses, which possess "avian-like" alpha2,3-linked sialic acid (SA) receptor specificity, caused neurological symptoms and death in ferrets inoculated with 10(3) 50% tissue culture infectious doses. A/Hong Kong/213/03 and A/Turkey/65-596/06 viruses, which show binding affinity for "human-like" alpha2,6-linked SA receptors in addition to their affinity for alpha2,3-linked SA receptors, caused mild clinical symptoms and were not lethal to the ferrets. No transmission of A/Vietnam/1203/04 or A/Turkey/65-596/06 virus was detected. One contact ferret developed neutralizing antibodies to A/Hong Kong/213/03 but did not exhibit any clinical signs or detectable virus shedding. In two groups, one of two naïve contact ferrets had detectable virus after 6 to 8 days when housed together with the A/Vietnam/JP36-2/05 virus-inoculated ferrets. Infected contact ferrets showed severe clinical signs, although little or no virus was detected in nasal washes. This limited virus shedding explained the absence of secondary transmission from the infected contact ferret to the other naïve ferret that were housed together. Our results suggest that despite their receptor binding affinity, circulating H5N1 viruses retain molecular determinants that restrict their spread among mammalian species.

  18. Broadband parametric amplifiers based on nonlinear kinetic inductance artificial transmission lines

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chaudhuri, S.; Li, D.; Irwin, K. D.; Bockstiegel, C.; Hubmayr, J.; Ullom, J. N.; Vissers, M. R.; Gao, J.

    2017-04-01

    We present broadband parametric amplifiers based on the kinetic inductance of superconducting NbTiN thin films in an artificial (lumped-element) transmission line architecture. We demonstrate two amplifier designs implementing different phase matching techniques: periodic impedance loading and resonator phase shifters placed periodically along the transmission line. Our design offers several advantages over previous CPW-based amplifiers, including intrinsic 50 Ω characteristic impedance, natural suppression of higher pump harmonics, lower required pump power, and shorter total trace length. Experimental realizations of both versions of the amplifiers are demonstrated. With a transmission line length of 20 cm, we have achieved gains of 15 dB over several GHz of bandwidth.

  19. 46 CFR 112.25-10 - Transfer of emergency loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatic Starting Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Emergency Power Source as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.25-10 Transfer of emergency loads. (a) When...

  20. 46 CFR 112.25-10 - Transfer of emergency loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatic Starting Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Emergency Power Source as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.25-10 Transfer of emergency loads. (a) When...

  1. 46 CFR 112.25-10 - Transfer of emergency loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatic Starting Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Emergency Power Source as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.25-10 Transfer of emergency loads. (a) When...

  2. 46 CFR 112.25-10 - Transfer of emergency loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatic Starting Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Emergency Power Source as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.25-10 Transfer of emergency loads. (a) When...

  3. 46 CFR 112.25-10 - Transfer of emergency loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatic Starting Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Emergency Power Source as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.25-10 Transfer of emergency loads. (a) When...

  4. 75 FR 36505 - Notice of Public Webinar To Discuss the Applicability of 10 CFR 73.55 Requirements to Part 50...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-28

    ... (March 27, 2009; 74 FR 13925) and the other stakeholders. The purpose of this Webinar is to discuss the applicability of those security requirements to licensees with facilities in decommissioning or decommissioned... Security and Incident Response, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555-0001; e-mail...

  5. In vivo facet joint loading of the canine lumbar spine.

    PubMed

    Buttermann, G R; Schendel, M J; Kahmann, R D; Lewis, J L; Bradford, D S

    1992-01-01

    This study describes a technique to measure in vivo loads and the resultant load-contact locations in the facet joint of the canine lumbar spine. The technique is a modification of a previously described in vitro method that used calibrated surface strains of the lateral aspect of the right L3 cranial articular process. In the present study, strains were measured during various in vivo static and dynamic activities 3 days after strain gage implantation. The in vivo recording technique and its errors, which depend on the location of the applied facet loads, is described. The results of applying the technique to five dogs gave the following results. Relative resultant contact load locations on the facet tended to be in the central and caudal portion of the facet in extension activities, central and cranial in standing, and cranial and ventral in flexion or right-turning activities. Right-turning contact locations were ventral and cranial to left-turning locations. Resultant load locations at peak loading during walking were in the central region of the facet, whereas resultant load locations at minimum loading during walking were relatively craniad. This resultant load-contact location during a walk gait cycle typically migrated in an arc with a displacement of 4 mm from minimum to maximum loading. Static tests resulted in a range of facet loads of 0 N in flexion and lying to 185 N for two-legged standing erect, and stand resulted in facet loads of 26 +/- 15 N (mean +/- standard deviation [SD]). Dynamic tests resulted in peak facet loads ranging from 55 N while walking erect to 170 N for climbing up stairs. Maximum walk facet loads were 107 +/- 27 N. The technique is applicable to in vivo studies of a canine facet joint osteoarthritis model and may be useful for establishing an understanding of the biomechanics of low-back pain.

  6. 76 FR 40386 - Federal Property Suitable as Facilities To Assist the Homeless

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-08

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT [Docket No. FR-5477-N-27] Federal Property Suitable as Facilities To Assist the Homeless AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary for Community Planning and... INFORMATION CONTACT: Juanita Perry, Department of Housing and Urban Development, 451 Seventh Street, SW., Room...

  7. 75 FR 41510 - Federal Property Suitable as Facilities To Assist the Homeless

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-16

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT [Docket No. FR-5375-N-27] Federal Property Suitable as Facilities To Assist the Homeless AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary for Community Planning and... Urban Development, 451 Seventh Street, SW., Room 7262, Washington, DC 20410; telephone (202) 708-1234...

  8. 75 FR 30061 - Office of Community Oriented Policing Services; Agency Information Collection Activities...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-28

    ... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE [OMB Number 1103-NEW] Office of Community Oriented Policing Services; Agency... until June 28, 2010. This process is conducted in accordance with 5 CFR 1320.10. If you have comments... Justice. [FR Doc. 2010-12939 Filed 5-27-10; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4410-AT-P ...

  9. The Effect of Wind on Coxiella burnetii Transmission Between Cattle Herds: a Mechanistic Approach.

    PubMed

    Nusinovici, S; Hoch, T; Brahim, M L; Joly, A; Beaudeau, F

    2017-04-01

    There is a consensus that wind plays a key role in the transmission of Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, between ruminants and from ruminants to humans. However, no observational study so far has focused on the mechanisms associated with this airborne transmission. This study applied a mechanistic epidemiological approach to investigate the processes underlying the wind effect and to assess its influence on the risk for a dairy herd to become C. burnetii infected. Ninety-five dairy cattle herds located in the Finistère department (western France) were subjected to samplings of bulk tank milk and indoor dust every 4 months over a 1-year period to determine their C. burnetii status using PCR tests. A total of 27 incident herd-periods (negative-tested on both PCR tests and becoming positive-tested at least once at the subsequent sampling time) and 71 negative herd-periods were retained for analysis. Using logistic regression, we assessed the effect of (i) the cumulated number of bacteria in herds located under the main wind direction and (ii) the mean wind speed in this area, on a given herd's risk of becoming incident. Compared to herds in areas with low wind speed (≤5.5 m/s), the risk was significantly higher (OR = 3.7) in herds in areas with high wind speed (>5.5 m/s) and high bacterial load (>10), whereas it was not significantly different from unity in other situations. In agreement with our assumptions, C. burnetii transmission to a previously infection-free herd occurs only when (i) the wind transporting from infected sources and (ii) the load in the contaminated particles/aerosols generated are high enough to act jointly. © 2015 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  10. Compatibility of an Ultraselective Microcatheter and Epirubicin Loaded 300–500-μm DC Bead in Ex Vivo Study

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Fukuoka, Yasushi, E-mail: miyano.y.fukuoka@gmail.com; Tanaka, Toshihiro, E-mail: toshihir@bf6.so-net.ne.jp; Nishiofuku, Hideyuki, E-mail: nishiofukuhideyuki@yahoo.co.jp

    PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine whether epirubicin loaded DC Bead 300–500 μm in size can pass through a 1.8-Fr ultraselective microcatheter in ex vivo study.MethodsEpirubicin (25 mg/1 mL) loaded 100–300 and 300–500 μm DC Bead were tested. Both sizes were diluted 5, 10, and 30 times using contrast material. Ultraselective microcatheter with the outer diameter of 1.8 Fr and the inner diameter of .017 inch (431.8 μm) was used. The diluted DC Bead was injected at a speed of 1 mL/min, and the pressure was continuously measured. The microspheres’ shapes after ejection were observed by a stereomicroscope.ResultsThe maximum pressure of contrast material alone was 8.40 ± 0.21 psi.more » The maximum pressure in 5, 10, and 30 times dilution groups of 100–300 μm were 9.67 ± 1.18, 9.25 ± 0.25, and 9.71 ± 0.28 psi, respectively, whereas 21.10 ± 10.2, 10.48 ± 2.14, 10.09 ± 0.37 psi, respectively in 300–500 μm groups. The maximum pressure in 5 times dilution group of 300–500 μm was significantly higher than the other groups (P < 0.05). In 300–500 μm, 4 of 10 measurements showed high pressure over 24 psi (the maximum value was 43.5 psi) in 5 times dilution group, whereas in 10 times and 30 times dilution groups, all measurements showed less than 12 psi. No damages of microspheres were found.ConclusionsEpirubicin loaded DC Bead 300–500 μm in size can pass through a 1.8-Fr ultraselective microcatheter. To avoid high resistance due to microspheres’ aggregation, dilution more than 10 times is needed.« less

  11. Mathematical Approach to Identification of Load Structure at the Nodes of the Distribution Grids 6-10 kV and 0.4 kV

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nizamutdinova, T.; Mukhlynin, N.

    2017-06-01

    A significant increasing energy efficiency of the full cycle of production, transmission and distribution of electricity in grids should be based on the management of separate consumers of electricity. The existing energy supply systems based on the concept of «smart things» do not allow to identify the technical structure of the electricity consumption in the load nodes from the grid side. It makes solving the tasks of energy efficiency more difficult. To solve this problem, the use of Wavelet transform to create a mathematical tool for monitoring the load composition in the nodes of the distribution grids of 6-10 kV, 0.4 kV is proposed in this paper. The authors have created a unique wavelet based functions for some consumers, based on their current consumption graphs of these power consumers. Possibility of determination of the characteristics of individual consumers of electricity in total nodal charts of load is shown in the test case. In future, creation of a unified technical and informational model of load control will allow to solve the problem of increasing the economic efficiency of not only certain consumers, but also the entire power supply system as a whole.

  12. 14 CFR 27.305 - Strength and deformation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Strength and deformation. 27.305 Section 27.305 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT... deformation. At any load up to limit loads, the deformation may not interfere with safe operation. (b) The...

  13. 14 CFR 27.305 - Strength and deformation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Strength and deformation. 27.305 Section 27.305 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT... deformation. At any load up to limit loads, the deformation may not interfere with safe operation. (b) The...

  14. Structural defects in GaN revealed by Transmission Electron Microscopy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna

    This paper reviews the various types of structural defects observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy in GaN heteroepitaxial layers grown on foreign substrates and homoepitaxial layers grown on bulk GaN substrates. The structural perfection of these layers is compared to the platelet self-standing crystals grown by High Nitrogen Pressure Solution. Defects in undoped and Mg doped GaN are discussed. Lastly, some models explaining the formation of inversion domains in heavily Mg doped layers that are possible defects responsible for the difficulties of p-doping in GaN are also reviewed.

  15. Structural defects in GaN revealed by Transmission Electron Microscopy

    DOE PAGES

    Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna

    2014-09-08

    This paper reviews the various types of structural defects observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy in GaN heteroepitaxial layers grown on foreign substrates and homoepitaxial layers grown on bulk GaN substrates. The structural perfection of these layers is compared to the platelet self-standing crystals grown by High Nitrogen Pressure Solution. Defects in undoped and Mg doped GaN are discussed. Lastly, some models explaining the formation of inversion domains in heavily Mg doped layers that are possible defects responsible for the difficulties of p-doping in GaN are also reviewed.

  16. Dielectric loaded surface plasmon waveguides for datacom applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Weeber, J.-C.; Hassan, K.; Nielsen, M. G.; Pitilakis, A.; Tsilipakos, O.; Kriezis, E. E.; Fatome, J.; Finot, C.; Markey, L.; Albrektsen, O.; Bozhevolnyi, S. I.; Dereux, A.

    2012-04-01

    We rst report on design, fabrication and characterizations of thermally-controlled plasmonic routers relying on the interference of a plasmonic and a photonic mode supported by wide enough dielectric loaded waveguides. We show that, by owing a current through the gold lm on which the dielectric waveguides are deposited, the length of the beating created by the interference of the two modes can be controlled accurately. By operating such a plasmonic dual-mode interferometer switch, symmetric extinction ratio of 7dB are obtained at the output ports of a 2x2 router. Next, we demonstrate ber-to-ber characterizations of stand-alone dielectric loaded surface plasmon waveguide (DLSPPW) devices by using grating couplers. The couplers are comprised of dielectric loaded gratings with carefully chosen periods and duty-cycles close to 0.5. We show that insertion loss below 10dB per coupler can be achieved with optimized gratings. This coupling scheme is used to operate Bit-Error-Rate (BER) measurements for the transmission of a 10Gbits/s signal along a stand-alone straight DLSPPW. We show in particular that these waveguides introduce a rather small BER power penalty (below 1dB) demonstrating the suitability of this plasmonic waveguiding platform for high-bit rate transmission.

  17. Lack of evidence for pre‐symptomatic transmission of pandemic influenza virus A(H1N1) 2009 in an outbreak among teenagers; Germany, 2009

    PubMed Central

    Hermes, Julia; Bernard, Helen; Buchholz, Udo; Spackova, Michaela; Löw, Johann; Loytved, Gunther; Suess, Thorsten; Hautmann, Wolfgang; Werber, Dirk

    2011-01-01

    Please cite this paper as: Hermes et al. (2011) Lack of evidence for pre‐symptomatic transmission of pandemic influenza virus A(H1N1) 2009 in an outbreak among teenagers; Germany, 2009. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(6), e499–e503. Background  Observations on the role of pre‐symptomatic transmission in the spread of influenza virus are scanty. In June 2009, an outbreak of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 infection occurred at a teenager’s party in Germany. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 infection. Methods  We performed a retrospective cohort study among party guests. A case was defined as pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 infection confirmed by rRT‐PCR who developed influenza‐like illness between 1 and 5 June 2009. Contact patterns among party guests were evaluated. Results  In eight (36%) of 27 party guests, the outcome was ascertained. A travel returnee from a country with endemic pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 who fell ill toward the end of the party was identified as the source case. Party guests with pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 infection had talked significantly longer to the source case than non‐infected persons (P‐value: 0·001). Importantly, none (0/9) of those who had left the party prior to the source case’s symptom onset became infected compared to 7 (41%) of 17 who stayed overnight (P = 0·06), and these persons all had transmission‐prone contacts to the source case. Conclusions  In this outbreak with one index case, there was no evidence to support pre‐symptomatic transmission of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009. Further evidence is required, ideally from larger studies with multiple index cases, to more accurately characterize the potential for pre‐symptomatic transmission of influenza virus. PMID:21668675

  18. LOW-TEMPERATURE ION TRAP STUDIES OF N{sup +}({sup 3} P{sub ja} ) + H{sub 2}(j) {yields} NH{sup +} + H

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zymak, I.; Hejduk, M.; Mulin, D.

    2013-05-01

    Using a low-temperature 22-pole ion trap apparatus, detailed measurements for the title reaction have been performed between 10 K and 100 K in order to get some state specific information about this fundamental hydrogen abstraction process. The relative population of the two lowest H{sub 2} rotational states, j = 0 and 1, has been varied systematically. NH{sup +} formation is nearly thermo-neutral; however, to date, the energetics are not known with the accuracy required for low-temperature astrochemistry. Additional complications arise from the fact that, so far, there is no reliable theoretical or experimental information on how the reactivity of themore » N{sup +} ion depends on its fine-structure (FS) state {sup 3} P{sub ja} . Since in the present trapping experiment, thermalization of the initially hot FS population competes with hydrogen abstraction, the evaluation of the decay of N{sup +} ions over long storage times and at various He and H{sub 2} gas densities provides information on these processes. First assuming strict adiabatic behavior, a set of state specific rate coefficients is derived from the measured thermal rate coefficients. In addition, by recording the disappearance of the N{sup +} ions over several orders of magnitude, information on nonadiabatic transitions is extracted including FS-changing collisions.« less

  19. 27 CFR 5.32 - Mandatory label information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Mandatory label information. 5.32 Section 5.32 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU....D. 7020, 34 FR 20337, Dec. 30, 1969] Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting § 5.32...

  20. 27 CFR 5.32 - Mandatory label information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Mandatory label information. 5.32 Section 5.32 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU....D. 7020, 34 FR 20337, Dec. 30, 1969] Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting § 5.32...

  1. Strain-specific antibodies reduce co-feeding transmission of the Lyme disease pathogen, Borrelia afzelii.

    PubMed

    Jacquet, Maxime; Durand, Jonas; Rais, Olivier; Voordouw, Maarten J

    2016-03-01

    Vector-borne pathogens use a diversity of strategies to evade the vertebrate immune system. Co-feeding transmission is a potential immune evasion strategy because the vector-borne pathogen minimizes the time spent in the vertebrate host. We tested whether the Lyme disease pathogen, Borrelia afzelii, can use co-feeding transmission to escape the acquired immune response in the vertebrate host. We induced a strain-specific, protective antibody response by immunizing mice with one of two variants of OspC (A3 and A10), the highly variable outer surface protein C of Borrelia pathogens. Immunized mice were challenged via tick bite with B. afzelii strains A3 or A10 and infested with larval ticks at days 2 and 34 post-infection to measure co-feeding and systemic transmission respectively. Antibodies against a particular OspC variant significantly reduced co-feeding transmission of the targeted (homologous) strain but not the non-targeted (heterologous) strain. Cross-immunity between OspC antigens had no effect in co-feeding ticks but reduced the spirochaete load twofold in ticks infected via systemic transmission. In summary, OspC-specific antibodies reduced co-feeding transmission of a homologous but not a heterologous strain of B. afzelii. Co-feeding transmission allowed B. afzelii to evade the negative consequences of cross-immunity on the tick spirochaete load. © 2015 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  2. 47 CFR 32.6230 - Central office transmission expense.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Expense Accounts § 32.6230 Central office transmission expense. Class B telephone companies shall use this account for expenses of the type and character required of Class A companies in Accounts 6231 and 6232. [67 FR 5695, Feb. 6...

  3. 47 CFR 27.53 - Emission limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... operations shall be limited to a maximum power flux density of −197 dBW/m2/4 kHz in the 2370-2390 MHz band at... displacement from the channel center frequency and measurement bandwidth. In the following tables, “(s... section of the printed volume and on GPO Access. Effective Date Note: At 79 FR 48539, Aug. 15, 2014, § 27...

  4. Determinants of HIV-1 transmission in men who have sex with men: a combined clinical, epidemiological and phylogenetic approach.

    PubMed

    Fisher, Martin; Pao, David; Brown, Alison E; Sudarshi, Darshan; Gill, O Noel; Cane, Patricia; Buckton, Andrew J; Parry, John V; Johnson, Anne M; Sabin, Caroline; Pillay, Deenan

    2010-07-17

    To identify biological factors associated with HIV transmission in men who have sex with men (MSM). A longitudinal phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 from an MSM cohort, incorporating clinical and epidemiological data. Potential individuals were HIV-infected MSM attending a sexual health clinic between 2000 and 2006. Individuals were classified such that they could move from recent to chronic infection categories. HIV-1pol gene sequences were obtained from plasma virus or proviral DNA and clusters estimated by maximum likelihood and conservative genetic distance differences. The single most likely transmitter generating each recent infection was ascertained and risk factors around time of likely transmission explored using Poisson regression modelling. Out of 1144 HIV-infected MSM, pol sequence data were obtained for 859 (75%); 159 out of 859 (19%) were recently HIV infected at diagnosis. A single most likely transmitter was identified for 41 out of 159 (26%), of which 11 were recently infected (27%) and 30 chronically infected. Factors associated with transmission in multivariable analysis were: younger age {rate ratio per 5 years older 0.68 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54-0.86], P=0.0009}, higher viral load [rate ratio per log higher 1.61 (95% CI 1.15-2.25), P=0.005], recent infection [rate ratio 3.88 (95% CI 1.76-8.55), P=0.0008] and recent sexually transmitted disease [rate ratio 5.32 (95% CI 2.51-11.29), P=0.0001]. HAART was highly protective in a univariable model, RR 0.14 (95% CI 0.07-0.27, P=0.0001). Onward transmission of HIV among MSM is significantly associated with recent infection, sexually transmitted diseases and higher viral load, and reduced by effective HAART. The majority of new infections appear to occur from individuals whose infection was undiagnosed at the time of transmission.

  5. 76 FR 47605 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Comment Request; Energy Efficient Mortgages (EEMs)

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-05

    ... value of the energy saved over the useful life of the improvement. Section 2123 of the Housing Economic... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT [Docket No. FR-5484-N-27] Notice of Proposed... Secretary for Housing, HUD. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The proposed information collection requirement...

  6. 14 CFR 27.477 - Landing gear arrangement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Landing gear arrangement. 27.477 Section 27... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Strength Requirements Ground Loads § 27.477 Landing gear arrangement. Sections 27.235, 27.479 through 27.485, and 27.493 apply to landing gear with two wheels aft, and...

  7. 14 CFR 27.477 - Landing gear arrangement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Landing gear arrangement. 27.477 Section 27... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Strength Requirements Ground Loads § 27.477 Landing gear arrangement. Sections 27.235, 27.479 through 27.485, and 27.493 apply to landing gear with two wheels aft, and...

  8. The impact of clinical, demographic and risk factors on rates of HIV transmission: a population-based phylogenetic analysis in British Columbia, Canada.

    PubMed

    Poon, Art F Y; Joy, Jeffrey B; Woods, Conan K; Shurgold, Susan; Colley, Guillaume; Brumme, Chanson J; Hogg, Robert S; Montaner, Julio S G; Harrigan, P Richard

    2015-03-15

    The diversification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is shaped by its transmission history. We therefore used a population based province wide HIV drug resistance database in British Columbia (BC), Canada, to evaluate the impact of clinical, demographic, and behavioral factors on rates of HIV transmission. We reconstructed molecular phylogenies from 27,296 anonymized bulk HIV pol sequences representing 7747 individuals in BC-about half the estimated HIV prevalence in BC. Infections were grouped into clusters based on phylogenetic distances, as a proxy for variation in transmission rates. Rates of cluster expansion were reconstructed from estimated dates of HIV seroconversion. Our criteria grouped 4431 individuals into 744 clusters largely separated with respect to risk factors, including large established clusters predominated by injection drug users and more-recently emerging clusters comprising men who have sex with men. The mean log10 viral load of an individual's phylogenetic neighborhood (composed of 5 other individuals with shortest phylogenetic distances) increased their odds of appearing in a cluster by >2-fold per log10 viruses per milliliter. Hotspots of ongoing HIV transmission can be characterized in near real time by the secondary analysis of HIV resistance genotypes, providing an important potential resource for targeting public health initiatives for HIV prevention. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  9. 77 FR 59321 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Revisions to the Nevada State Implementation...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-27

    ... includes a rescission of one definition from the existing SIP (the definition of ``special mobile equipment... mobile equipment'' 10/05/10 (repealed) 01/24/11 defined. NAC 445B.187 ``Stationary source'' defined... permit'' defined........ 49 FR 11626; (March 27, 1984). NAQR article 1.182--Special mobile equipment...

  10. 75 FR 66422 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Requests for Comments; Clearance of Renewed Approval of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-28

    ... address: Ms. Carla Scott, Room 712, Federal Aviation Administration, IT Enterprises Business Services... Officer, IT Enterprises Business Services Division, AES-200. [FR Doc. 2010-27255 Filed 10-27-10; 8:45 am... about our intention to request the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) approval to renew an...

  11. A parametric study of harmonic rotor hub loads

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    He, Chengjian

    1993-01-01

    A parametric study of vibratory rotor hub loads in a nonrotating system is presented. The study is based on a CAMRAD/JA model constructed for the GBH (Growth Version of Blackhawk Helicopter) Mach-scaled wind tunnel rotor model with high blade twist (-16 deg). The theoretical hub load predictions are validated by correlation with available measured data. Effects of various blade aeroelastic design changes on the harmonic nonrotating frame hub loads at both low and high forward flight speeds are investigated. The study aims to illustrate some of the physical mechanisms for change in the harmonic rotor hub loads due to blade design variations.

  12. 75 FR 65226 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Bamberg, SC

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-22

    ...-0685; Airspace Docket No. 10-ASO-27] Establishment of Class E Airspace; Bamberg, SC AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action establishes Class E Airspace... Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to establish Class E airspace at Bamberg, SC (75 FR 52654) Docket...

  13. IL-10 and IL-27 producing dendritic cells capable of enhancing IL-10 production of T cells are induced in oral tolerance.

    PubMed

    Shiokawa, Aya; Tanabe, Kosuke; Tsuji, Noriko M; Sato, Ryuichiro; Hachimura, Satoshi

    2009-06-30

    Oral tolerance is a key feature of intestinal immunity, generating systemic tolerance to ingested antigens (Ag). Dendritic cells (DC) have been revealed as important immune regulators, however, the precise role of DC in oral tolerance induction remains unclear. We investigated the characteristics of DC in spleen, mesenteric lymph node (MLN), and Peyer's patch (PP) after oral Ag administration in a TCR-transgenic mouse model. DC from PP and MLN of tolerized mice induced IL-10 production but not Foxp3 expression in cocultured T cells. IL-10 production was markedly increased after 5-7-day Ag administration especially in PP DC. On the other hand, IL-27 production was increased after 2-5-day Ag administration. CD11b(+) DC, which increased after ingestion of Ag, prominently expressed IL-10 and IL-27 compared with CD11b(-) DC. These results suggest that IL-10 and IL-27 producing DC are increased by interaction with antigen specific T cells in PP, and these DC act as an inducer of IL-10 producing T cells in oral tolerance.

  14. Medial collateral ligament injuries and subsequent load on the anterior cruciate ligament: a biomechanical evaluation in a cadaveric model.

    PubMed

    Battaglia, Michael J; Lenhoff, Mark W; Ehteshami, John R; Lyman, Stephen; Provencher, Matthew T; Wickiewicz, Thomas L; Warren, Russell F

    2009-02-01

    Numerous studies have documented the effect of complete medial collateral ligament injury on anterior cruciate ligament loads; few have addressed how partial medial collateral ligament disruption affects knee kinematics. To determine knee kinematics and subsequent change in anterior cruciate ligament load in a partial and complete medial collateral ligament injury model. Controlled laboratory study. Ten human cadaveric knees were sequentially tested by a robot with the medial collateral ligament intact, in a partial injury model, and in a complete injury model with a universal force-moment sensor measuring system. Tibial translation, rotation, and anterior cruciate ligament load were measured under 3 conditions: anterior load (125 N), valgus load (10 N x m), and internal-external rotation torque (4 N x m; all at 0 degrees and 30 degrees of flexion). Anterior and posterior translation did not statistically increase with a partial or complete medial collateral ligament injury at 0 degrees and 30 degrees of flexion. In response to a 125 N anterior load, at 0 degrees , the anterior cruciate ligament load increased 8.7% (from 99.5 to 108.2 N; P = .006) in the partial injury and 18.3% (117.7 N; P < .001) in the complete injury; at 30 degrees , anterior cruciate ligament load was increased 12.3% (from 101.7 to 114.2 N; P = .001) in the partial injury and 20.6% (122.7 N; P < .001) in the complete injury. In response to valgus torque (10 N x m) at 30 degrees , anterior cruciate ligament load was increased 55.3% (30.4 to 47.2 N; P = .044) in the partial injury model and 185% (86.8 N; P = .001) in the complete injury model. In response to internal rotation torque (4 N.m) at 30 degrees , anterior cruciate ligament load was increased 29.3% (27.6 to 35.7 N; P = .001) in the partial injury model and 65.2% (45.6 N; P < .001) in the complete injury model. The amount of internal rotation at 30 degrees of flexion was significantly increased in the complete injury model (22.8 degrees

  15. 27 CFR 9.213 - Snipes Mountain.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... beginning point, proceed south along the eastern boundary of section 34 for less than 0.1 mile to its intersection with the 750-foot elevation line, T10N, R22E; then (2) Proceed along the 750-foot elevation line... boundary of section 27, T10N, R21E; then (4) Proceed north in a straight line for less than 0.1 mile to the...

  16. 27 CFR 9.213 - Snipes Mountain.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... beginning point, proceed south along the eastern boundary of section 34 for less than 0.1 mile to its intersection with the 750-foot elevation line, T10N, R22E; then (2) Proceed along the 750-foot elevation line... boundary of section 27, T10N, R21E; then (4) Proceed north in a straight line for less than 0.1 mile to the...

  17. 27 CFR 9.213 - Snipes Mountain.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... beginning point, proceed south along the eastern boundary of section 34 for less than 0.1 mile to its intersection with the 750-foot elevation line, T10N, R22E; then (2) Proceed along the 750-foot elevation line... boundary of section 27, T10N, R21E; then (4) Proceed north in a straight line for less than 0.1 mile to the...

  18. 27 CFR 9.213 - Snipes Mountain.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... beginning point, proceed south along the eastern boundary of section 34 for less than 0.1 mile to its intersection with the 750-foot elevation line, T10N, R22E; then (2) Proceed along the 750-foot elevation line... boundary of section 27, T10N, R21E; then (4) Proceed north in a straight line for less than 0.1 mile to the...

  19. 27 CFR 9.213 - Snipes Mountain.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... beginning point, proceed south along the eastern boundary of section 34 for less than 0.1 mile to its intersection with the 750-foot elevation line, T10N, R22E; then (2) Proceed along the 750-foot elevation line... boundary of section 27, T10N, R21E; then (4) Proceed north in a straight line for less than 0.1 mile to the...

  20. Nitrogen critical loads and management alternatives for N-impacted ecosystems in California

    Treesearch

    M.E. Fenn; E.B. Allen; S.B. Weiss; S. Jovan; L. Geiser; G.S. Tonnesen; R.F. Johnson; L.E. Rao; B.S. Gimeno; F. Yuan; T. Meixner; A. Bytnerowicz

    2010-01-01

    Empirical critical loads for N deposition effects and maps showing areas projected to be in exceedance of the critical load (CL) are given for seven major vegetation types in California. Thirty-five percent of the land area for these vegetation types (99,639 km2) is estimated to be in excess of the N CL. Low CL values (3–8...

  1. 27 CFR 24.26 - Authority to approve.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Authority to approve. 24.26 Section 24.26 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU...)) (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1512-0292) [T.D. ATF-299, 55 FR 24989...

  2. 27 CFR 18.42 - Record of alternation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Record of alternation. 18.42 Section 18.42 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU... the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1512-0046) [T.D. ATF-455, 66 FR 29482, May 31...

  3. 27 CFR 24.26 - Authority to approve.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Authority to approve. 24.26 Section 24.26 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU...)) (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1512-0292) [T.D. ATF-299, 55 FR 24989...

  4. 75 FR 58444 - Technical Correction of the Caption for Prohibited Transaction Exemption (PTE) 2010-27, Involving...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-24

    ... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employee Benefits Security Administration Technical Correction of the Caption... Mid-Atlantic Region (the Plan) AGENCY: Employee Benefits Security Administration, Department of Labor..., Employee Benefits Security Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. [FR Doc. 2010-23931 Filed 9-23-10; 8...

  5. Automated Transmission Loss Measurement in the Structural Acoustic Loads and Transmission Facility at NASA Langley Research Center

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Klos, J.; Brown, S. A.

    2002-01-01

    A technique to measure the radiated acoustic intensity and transmission loss of panels is documented in this paper. This facility has been upgraded to include a test fixture that scans the acoustic intensity radiated from a panel on the anechoic receiving room side of the transmission loss window. The acoustic intensity incident on the panel from the reverberant side of the transmission loss window is estimated from measurements made using six stationary microphones in the reverberant source room. From the measured incident and radiated intensity, the sound power transmission loss is calculated. The setup of the facility and data acquisition system are documented. A transmission loss estimate of a typical panel is shown. The measurement-to-measurement and setup-to-setup repeatability of the transmission loss estimate are assessed. Conclusions are drawn about the ability to measure changes in transmission loss due to changes in panel construction.

  6. 27 CFR 22.20 - Delegations of the Administrator.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS DISTRIBUTION AND USE OF TAX-FREE ALCOHOL Administrative... in TTB Order 1135.22, Delegation of the Administrator's Authorities in 27 CFR Part 22, Distribution... Center, 550 Main Street, Room 1516, Cincinnati, OH 45202. [T.D. TTB-44, 71 FR 16937, Apr. 4, 2006] ...

  7. 27 CFR 20.20 - Delegations of the Administrator.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS DISTRIBUTION AND USE OF DENATURED ALCOHOL AND RUM... in TTB Order 1135.20, Delegation of the Administrator's Authorities in 27 CFR Part 20, Distribution..., National Revenue Center, 550 Main Street, Room 1516, Cincinnati, OH 45202. [T.D. TTB-44, 71 FR 16934, Apr...

  8. 76 FR 66997 - NASA Advisory Council; Technology and Innovation Committee; Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-28

    ... and Innovation Committee; Meeting ACTION: Notice of meeting. SUMMARY: In accordance with the Federal... (NASA) announces a meeting of the Technology and Innovation Committee of the NASA Advisory Council (NAC... Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. [FR Doc. 2011-28005 Filed 10-27-11; 8:45...

  9. 75 FR 6220 - Agency Form Submitted for OMB Review

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-08

    ...: Characteristics and Performance, instituted under the authority of section 332(g) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U... leaders William Deese ( [email protected] or 202-205-2626) or Erland Herfindahl ( erland.herfindahl.... Issued: January 27, 2010. Marilyn Abbott, Secretary to the Commission. [FR Doc. 2010-2210 Filed 2-5-10; 8...

  10. Broadband parametric amplifiers based on nonlinear kinetic inductance artificial transmission lines

    DOE PAGES

    Chaudhuri, S.; Li, D.; Irwin, K. D.; ...

    2017-04-10

    Here, we present broadband parametric amplifiers based on the kinetic inductance of superconducting NbTiN thin films in an artificial (lumped-element) transmission line architecture. We demonstrate two amplifier designs implementing different phase matching techniques: periodic impedance loading and resonator phase shifters placed periodically along the transmission line. Our design offers several advantages over previous CPW-based amplifiers, including intrinsic 50 Ω characteristic impedance, natural suppression of higher pump harmonics, lower required pump power, and shorter total trace length. Experimental realizations of both versions of the amplifiers are demonstrated. In conclusion, with a transmission line length of 20 cm, we have achieved gainsmore » of 15 dB over several GHz of bandwidth.« less

  11. Broadband parametric amplifiers based on nonlinear kinetic inductance artificial transmission lines

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chaudhuri, S.; Li, D.; Irwin, K. D.

    Here, we present broadband parametric amplifiers based on the kinetic inductance of superconducting NbTiN thin films in an artificial (lumped-element) transmission line architecture. We demonstrate two amplifier designs implementing different phase matching techniques: periodic impedance loading and resonator phase shifters placed periodically along the transmission line. Our design offers several advantages over previous CPW-based amplifiers, including intrinsic 50 Ω characteristic impedance, natural suppression of higher pump harmonics, lower required pump power, and shorter total trace length. Experimental realizations of both versions of the amplifiers are demonstrated. In conclusion, with a transmission line length of 20 cm, we have achieved gainsmore » of 15 dB over several GHz of bandwidth.« less

  12. 14 CFR 29.473 - Ground loading conditions and assumptions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... through the center of gravity throughout the landing impact. This lift may not exceed two-thirds of the... rotorcraft must be designed for a limit load factor of not less than the limit inertia load factor... factor of safety prescribed in § 29.303 need not be used. [Amdt. 29-3, 33 FR 966, Jan. 26, 1968] ...

  13. 14 CFR 29.473 - Ground loading conditions and assumptions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... through the center of gravity throughout the landing impact. This lift may not exceed two-thirds of the... rotorcraft must be designed for a limit load factor of not less than the limit inertia load factor... factor of safety prescribed in § 29.303 need not be used. [Amdt. 29-3, 33 FR 966, Jan. 26, 1968] ...

  14. 14 CFR 29.473 - Ground loading conditions and assumptions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... through the center of gravity throughout the landing impact. This lift may not exceed two-thirds of the... rotorcraft must be designed for a limit load factor of not less than the limit inertia load factor... factor of safety prescribed in § 29.303 need not be used. [Amdt. 29-3, 33 FR 966, Jan. 26, 1968] ...

  15. 10 CFR 51.45 - Environmental report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Environmental report. 51.45 Section 51.45 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGULATIONS FOR DOMESTIC LICENSING AND RELATED... amended at 61 FR 28486, June 5, 1996; 61 FR 66542, Dec. 18, 1996; 68 FR 58810, Oct. 10, 2003; 72 FR 49511...

  16. 27 CFR 27.121 - Containers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Containers. 27.121 Section... Spirits In Bulk § 27.121 Containers. Imported distilled spirits may be bottled in either domestic or imported containers conforming to the provisions of subpart N of this part. (72 Stat. 1374; 26 U.S.C. 5301...

  17. 14 CFR 27.1583 - Operating limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Operating Limitations and Information Rotorcraft Flight... the instruments required by §§ 27.1549 through 27.1553. (c) Weight and loading distribution. The...

  18. 25 CFR 169.27 - Power projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Power projects. 169.27 Section 169.27 Indians BUREAU OF... projects. (a) The Act of March 4, 1911 (36 Stat. 1253), as amended by the Act of May 27, 1952 (66 Stat. 95... on any project for the generation of electric power, or the transmission or distribution of...

  19. 25 CFR 169.27 - Power projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Power projects. 169.27 Section 169.27 Indians BUREAU OF... projects. (a) The Act of March 4, 1911 (36 Stat. 1253), as amended by the Act of May 27, 1952 (66 Stat. 95... on any project for the generation of electric power, or the transmission or distribution of...

  20. 25 CFR 169.27 - Power projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Power projects. 169.27 Section 169.27 Indians BUREAU OF... projects. (a) The Act of March 4, 1911 (36 Stat. 1253), as amended by the Act of May 27, 1952 (66 Stat. 95... on any project for the generation of electric power, or the transmission or distribution of...

  1. 25 CFR 169.27 - Power projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Power projects. 169.27 Section 169.27 Indians BUREAU OF... projects. (a) The Act of March 4, 1911 (36 Stat. 1253), as amended by the Act of May 27, 1952 (66 Stat. 95... on any project for the generation of electric power, or the transmission or distribution of...

  2. In-vivo investigation of material quality of bone tissue by measuring apparent phalangeal ultrasound transmission velocity.

    PubMed

    Kann, P; Schulz, U; Klaus, D; Piepkorn, B; Beyer, J

    1995-01-01

    The square of ultrasound transmission velocity in a material is related to the modulus of elasticity, which is known to be an indicator of stability in bone. The aim of our study was to use ultrasound transmission velocity to obtain information about the material properties of bone tissue, keeping other factors possibly influencing ultrasound transmission as constant as possible. Apparent phalangeal ultrasound transmission velocity (APU) measured in 54 isolated, fresh pig phalanges was shown to be independent of bone mineral density (BMD) measured by SPA. Fastest sound transmission led exclusively through cortical bone so that intertrabecular connectivity in spongious bone could not influence the result. In humans APU was measured in the mediolateral direction at the midphalanx of the middle finger. In 53 healthy subjects (15-81 years old; 27 women, 26 men), there was a decrease of APU with age (r = -0.30, p < 0.05). Further, when comparing the results of both hands intraindividually almost identical values indicated constant intraindividual architecture of bone at this location. There was no evidence for a relation of APU to physical load comparing dominant and nondominant hand and relating the results to subjectively estimated physical load. In a second group of 43 perimenopausal women (47-60 years old), APU, which again decreased with age (r = -0.33, p < 0.05), was found not to be correlated to BMD measured by SPA at the distal forearm (cortical bone).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

  3. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV in a community-based antiretroviral clinic in South Africa

    PubMed Central

    Fitzgerald, Felicity C; Bekker, Linda-Gail; Kaplan, Richard; Myer, Landon; Lawn, Stephen D; Wood, Robin

    2014-01-01

    Objective To examine the uptake of ART among pregnant women referred to an ART service and the associated rates and risk factors for vertical HIV transmission. Method Retrospective analysis of an observational cohort at a community ART clinic in Cape Town. Results Between 2002 and 2008, 367 treatment-naïve pregnant women accessed the clinic. The median age was 27.5 years, and median gestation at presentation was 28 weeks. The median baseline CD4 count and viral load were 134 cells/µl and 28 282 copies/ml. Two hundred and sixty-five women (72%) commenced ART before giving birth, 73 women (20%) were referred for prevention of mother-to-child transmission therapy (PMTCT), and 29 (8%) received no intervention. Among ART-eligible women, 13% were lost to follow-up. Of those starting ART, median duration of therapy prior to birth was 7.6 weeks (interquartile range (IQR) 4 – 11.9). The HIV transmission rate was 5.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8 – 9.0%). Factors associated with transmission were advanced maternal WHO disease stage (odds ratio (OR) 9.57, p=0.02), and follow-up viral load above 50 copies/ml (OR 3.64, p=0.03). Each additional week on ART reduced transmission by 20% (p=0.05). There was no HIV transmission among women who received more than 8 weeks’ therapy. Conclusions The rate of HIV transmission in this study was higher than reported in high-income countries. Prevention of vertical transmission with ART was hindered by women presenting late in pregnancy and with advanced stage of HIV disease. Interventions that facilitate earlier ART commencement and improve programmatic retention of pregnant women are required. PMID:21414276

  4. Identification and characterization of ART-27, a novel coactivator for the androgen receptor N terminus.

    PubMed

    Markus, Steven M; Taneja, Samir S; Logan, Susan K; Li, Wenhui; Ha, Susan; Hittelman, Adam B; Rogatsky, Inez; Garabedian, Michael J

    2002-02-01

    The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-regulated transcription factor that stimulates cell growth and differentiation in androgen-responsive tissues. The AR N terminus contains two activation functions (AF-1a and AF-1b) that are necessary for maximal transcriptional enhancement by the receptor; however, the mechanisms and components regulating AR transcriptional activation are not fully understood. We sought to identify novel factors that interact with the AR N terminus from an androgen-stimulated human prostate cancer cell library using a yeast two-hybrid approach designed to identify proteins that interact with transcriptional activation domains. A 157-amino acid protein termed ART-27 was cloned and shown to interact predominantly with the AR(153-336), containing AF-1a and a part of AF-1b, localize to the nucleus and increase the transcriptional activity of AR when overexpressed in cultured mammalian cells. ART-27 also enhanced the transcriptional activation by AR(153-336) fused to the LexA DNA-binding domain but not other AR N-terminal subdomains, suggesting that ART-27 exerts its effect via an interaction with a defined region of the AR N terminus. ART-27 interacts with AR in nuclear extracts from LNCaP cells in a ligand-independent manner. Interestingly, velocity gradient sedimentation of HeLa nuclear extracts suggests that native ART-27 is part of a multiprotein complex. ART-27 is expressed in a variety of human tissues, including sites of androgen action such as prostate and skeletal muscle, and is conserved throughout evolution. Thus, ART-27 is a novel cofactor that interacts with the AR N terminus and plays a role in facilitating receptor-induced transcriptional activation.

  5. 22 CFR 92.10 - Specific waiver in notarial certificate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... officer has reason to believe that material statements in a document presented for notarization are false... frivolous statements: Provided, That substantial and compelling reasons do not exist which impel restraining...) executed in connection with divorce proceedings. [22 FR 10858, Dec. 27, 1957, as amended at 60 FR 51723...

  6. Acute HIV infection detection and immediate treatment estimated to reduce transmission by 89% among men who have sex with men in Bangkok

    PubMed Central

    Kroon, Eugène D.M.B.; Phanuphak, Nittaya; Shattock, Andrew J.; Fletcher, James L.K.; Pinyakorn, Suteeraporn; Chomchey, Nitiya; Akapirat, Siriwat; de Souza, Mark S.; Robb, Merlin L.; Kim, Jerome H.; van Griensven, Frits; Ananworanich, Jintanat; Wilson, David P.

    2017-01-01

    Abstract Introduction: Antiretroviral treatment (ART) reduces HIV transmission. Despite increased ART coverage, incidence remains high among men who have sex with men (MSM) in many places. Acute HIV infection (AHI) is characterized by high viral replication and increased infectiousness. We estimated the feasible reduction in transmission by targeting MSM with AHI for early ART. Methods: We recruited a cohort of 88 MSM with AHI in Bangkok, Thailand, who initiated ART immediately. A risk calculator based on viral load and reported behaviour, calibrated to Thai epidemiological data, was applied to estimate the number of onwards transmissions. This was compared with the expected number without early interventions. Results: Forty of the MSM were in 4th-generation AHI stages 1 and 2 (4thG stage 1, HIV nucleic acid testing (NAT)+/4thG immunoassay (IA)-/3rdG IA–; 4thG stage 2, NAT+/4thG IA+/3rdG IA–) while 48 tested positive on third-generation IA but had negative or indeterminate western blot (4thG stage 3). Mean plasma HIV RNA was 5.62 log10 copies/ml. Any condomless sex in the four months preceding the study was reported by 83.7%, but decreased to 21.2% by 24 weeks on ART. After ART, 48/88 (54.6%) attained HIV RNA <50 copies/ml by week 8, increasing to 78/87 (89.7%), and 64/66 (97%) at weeks 24 and 48, respectively. The estimated number of onwards transmissions in the first year of infection would have been 27.3 (95% credible interval: 21.7–35.3) with no intervention, 8.3 (6.4–11.2) with post-diagnosis behaviour change only, 5.9 (4.4–7.9) with viral load reduction only and 3.1 (2.4–4.3) with both. The latter was associated with an 88.7% (83.8–91.1%) reduction in transmission. Conclusions: Disproportionate HIV transmission occurs during AHI. Diagnosis of AHI with early ART initiation can substantially reduce onwards transmission. PMID:28691441

  7. Elliptic flow in heavy-ion collisions at energies √{sN N}=2.7 - 39 GeV

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ivanov, Yu. B.; Soldatov, A. A.

    2015-02-01

    The transverse-momentum-integrated elliptic flow of charged particles at midrapidity, v2(charged), and that of identified hadrons from Au +Au collisions are computed in a wide range of incident energies 2.7 ≤√{sN N}≤ 39 GeV. The simulations are performed within a three-fluid model by employing three different equations of state (EoSs): a purely hadronic EoS and two versions of the EoS involving the deconfinement transition—a first-order phase transition and a smooth crossover one. The present simulations demonstrate low sensitivity of v2(charged) to the EoS. All considered scenarios equally well reproduce recent STAR data on v2(charged) for mid-central Au +Au collisions and properly describe its change of sign at the incident energy decrease below √{sN N}≈ 3.5 GeV. The predicted integrated elliptic flow of various species exhibits a stronger dependence on the EoS. A noticeable sensitivity to the EoS is found for antibaryons and, to a lesser extent, for K- mesons. In particular, the v2 excitation functions of antibaryons exhibit a nonmonotonicity within the deconfinement scenarios that was predicted by Kolb, Sollfrank, and Heinz. However, low multiplicities of antibaryons at √{sN N}≤ 10 GeV result in large fluctuations of their v2, which may wash out this nonmonotonicity.

  8. 27 CFR 18.32 - Change in name.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Change in name. 18.32 Section 18.32 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT... Budget under control number 1512-0046) [T.D. ATF-104, 47 FR 23921, June 2, 1982, as amended by T.D. ATF...

  9. 27 CFR 20.62 - Change in location.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Change in location. 20.62 Section 20.62 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT... under control number 1512-0336) T.D. ATF-199, 50 FR 9162, Mar. 8, 1985, as amended by T.D. ATF- 435, 66...

  10. 27 CFR 18.32 - Change in name.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Change in name. 18.32 Section 18.32 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT... Budget under control number 1512-0046) [T.D. ATF-104, 47 FR 23921, June 2, 1982, as amended by T.D. ATF...

  11. 27 CFR 18.33 - Change in location.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Change in location. 18.33 Section 18.33 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT... Management and Budget under control number 1512-0046) [T.D. ATF-104, 47 FR 23921, June 2, 1982, as amended by...

  12. 27 CFR 18.17 - Retention of documents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Retention of documents. 18.17 Section 18.17 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU... Budget under control number 1512-0046) [T.D. ATF-104, 47 FR 23921, June 2, 1982, as amended by T.D. ATF...

  13. High quality ultrafast transmission electron microscopy using resonant microwave cavities.

    PubMed

    Verhoeven, W; van Rens, J F M; Kieft, E R; Mutsaers, P H A; Luiten, O J

    2018-05-01

    Ultrashort, low-emittance electron pulses can be created at a high repetition rate by using a TM 110 deflection cavity to sweep a continuous beam across an aperture. These pulses can be used for time-resolved electron microscopy with atomic spatial and temporal resolution at relatively large average currents. In order to demonstrate this, a cavity has been inserted in a transmission electron microscope, and picosecond pulses have been created. No significant increase of either emittance or energy spread has been measured for these pulses. At a peak current of 814 ± 2 pA, the root-mean-square transverse normalized emittance of the electron pulses is ɛ n,x =(2.7±0.1)·10 -12  m rad in the direction parallel to the streak of the cavity, and ɛ n,y =(2.5±0.1)·10 -12  m rad in the perpendicular direction for pulses with a pulse length of 1.1-1.3 ps. Under the same conditions, the emittance of the continuous beam is ɛ n,x =ɛ n,y =(2.5±0.1)·10 -12  m rad. Furthermore, for both the pulsed and the continuous beam a full width at half maximum energy spread of 0.95 ± 0.05 eV has been measured. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  14. Telemetry Standards, RCC Standard 106-17, Chapter 27, RF Network Access Layer

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-07-01

    27-13 27.5.5 Frame Check Sequence Field........................................................................... 27-13 27.6 Power Transients...to the physical media (i.e., the wireless RF network). On the transmission side, it is responsible for framing IP packets for physical transmission...parameters of a radio shall be stored to maintain communications with RF link management after a power interruption or software-initiated reset

  15. Organ differences in the impact of p27(kip1) deficiency on carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.

    PubMed

    Ogawa, Kumiko; Murasaki, Toshiya; Sugiura, Satoshi; Nakanishi, Makoto; Shirai, Tomoyuki

    2013-06-01

    To evaluate the impact of p27 on carcinogenesis in various organs, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), a direct-acting alkylating agent, was given to p27 knock-out mice. Groups of 20-40 male and female mice with null, hetero- or wild-type p27 alleles were given drinking water containing 240 ppm MNU or distilled water every other week for five cycles. The incidence and multiplicity of the induced proliferative lesions were then histologically evaluated at weeks 14 and 20. MNU treatment induced various lesions including squamous hyperplasia and squamous cell carcinoma in the forestomach, atypical hyperplasia and adenocarcinomas in the fundic and pyloric glands, adenomas and adenocarcinomas in the duodenum, malignant lymphomas in the thymus, liver, kidney and spleen and alveolar hyperplasia, adenomas, adenocarcinomas and malignant lymphomas in the lung. Although the incidences of the lesions in the forestomach, fundic and pyloric glands did not differ among the p27 genotypes, those of alveolar hyperplasia of the lung and malignant lymphoma of the thymus were significantly increased in p27-null males as compared with both wild- and hetero-type animals. Moreover, in both p27(+/+) and p27(+/-) cases, the rates for p27-positive cells were obviously increased in proliferative lesions of the pyloric gland and the lung. However, an increased rate of p27-positive cells was not observed in malignant lymphoma of the thymus. These findings suggest that p27 does not control the cell cycle equally in all organs affected by MNU-induced carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  16. 14 CFR 27.351 - Yawing conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Yawing conditions. 27.351 Section 27.351 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Strength Requirements Flight Loads § 27.351 Yawing conditions. (a...

  17. 14 CFR 27.473 - Ground loading conditions and assumptions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... through the center of gravity throughout the landing impact. This lift may not exceed two-thirds of the... rotorcraft must be designed for a limit load factor of not less than the limit inertia load factor...

  18. 14 CFR 27.473 - Ground loading conditions and assumptions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... through the center of gravity throughout the landing impact. This lift may not exceed two-thirds of the... rotorcraft must be designed for a limit load factor of not less than the limit inertia load factor...

  19. 14 CFR 27.473 - Ground loading conditions and assumptions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... through the center of gravity throughout the landing impact. This lift may not exceed two-thirds of the... rotorcraft must be designed for a limit load factor of not less than the limit inertia load factor...

  20. 10 CFR 30.71 - Schedule B.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... (Sb 125) 10 Arsenic 73 (As 73) 100 Arsenic 74 (As 74) 10 Arsenic 76 (As 76) 10 Arsenic 77 (As 77) 100 Barium 131 (Ba 131) 10 Barium 133 (Ba 133) 10 Barium 140 (Ba 140) 10 Bismuth 210 (Bi 210) 1 Bromine 82....1 [35 FR 6427, Apr. 22, 1970, as amended at 36 FR 16898, Aug. 26, 1971; 59 FR 5519, Feb. 7, 1994; 72...

  1. 10 CFR 30.71 - Schedule B.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... (Sb 125) 10 Arsenic 73 (As 73) 100 Arsenic 74 (As 74) 10 Arsenic 76 (As 76) 10 Arsenic 77 (As 77) 100 Barium 131 (Ba 131) 10 Barium 133 (Ba 133) 10 Barium 140 (Ba 140) 10 Bismuth 210 (Bi 210) 1 Bromine 82....1 [35 FR 6427, Apr. 22, 1970, as amended at 36 FR 16898, Aug. 26, 1971; 59 FR 5519, Feb. 7, 1994; 72...

  2. Structures of Aln (n= 27, 28, 29, and 30) clusters with double-tetrahedron structures

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zhang, W.; Lu, W. C.; Sun, J.

    2008-01-31

    Global search for lowest-energy structures of neutral aluminum clusters Al{sub n} (n = 27, 28, 29 and 30) was performed using a genetic algorithm (GA) coupled with a tight-binding (TB) method. Structural candidates obtained from our GA search were further optimized with first-principles calculations. It is found that the medium-sized aluminum clusters Al{sub 27} to Al{sub 30} favor double-tetrahedron structures.

  3. Radio frequency power load and associated method

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sims, III, William Herbert (Inventor); Chavers, Donald Gregory (Inventor); Richeson, James J. (Inventor)

    2010-01-01

    A radio frequency power load and associated method. A radio frequency power load apparatus includes a container and a fluid having an ion source therein, the fluid being contained in the container. Two conductors are immersed in the fluid. A radio frequency transmission system includes a radio frequency transmitter, a radio frequency amplifier connected to the transmitter and a radio frequency power load apparatus connected to the amplifier. The apparatus includes a fluid having an ion source therein, and two conductors immersed in the fluid. A method of dissipating power generated by a radio frequency transmission system includes the steps of: immersing two conductors of a radio frequency power load apparatus in a fluid having an ion source therein; and connecting the apparatus to an amplifier of the transmission system.

  4. Biomechanical calculation of human TM joint loading with jaw opening.

    PubMed

    Kuboki, T; Takenami, Y; Maekawa, K; Shinoda, M; Yamashita, A; Clark, G T

    2000-11-01

    A three-dimensional, static mathematical calculation of the stomatognathic system was done to predict total temporomandibular joint (TMJ) loading at different levels of jaw opening. The model assumed that muscle forces acting on the mandible could be simulated by a combination of contractile components (CCs) and elastic components (ECs) and that static equilibrium existed within the body of the mandible. The model also imposed the constraint that any generated joint reaction force would act on the centre of the condyle. The results of the model demonstrated that under all conditions of opening and for all values of the elastic modulus selected, the forces between the TMJ condyle and the articular eminence were compressive in nature. The compressive force magnitude increased from 2.7 to 27.6 N incrementally as the jaw opened from 10 to 40 mm. Overall data in this study indicated that the TMJ tissues undergo low levels of compression at open positions up to 40 mm. Finally, the condition of trismus (increased jaw closing activation with opening) was simulated, the joint reaction force at 20 mm opening increased from 7.7 to 64.9 N with only a 20% activation of the closers.

  5. Transmission loss measurement of acoustic material using time-domain pulse-separation method (L).

    PubMed

    Sun, Liang; Hou, Hong

    2011-04-01

    An alternative method for measuring the normal incidence sound transmission loss (nSTL) is presented in this paper based on the time-domain separation of so-called Butterworth pulse with a short-duration time about 1 ms in a standing wave tube. During the generation process of the pulse, inverse filter principle was adopted to compensate the loudspeaker response, besides this, the effect of the characteristics of tube termination can be eliminated through the generation process of the pulse so as to obtain a single plane pulse wave in the standing wave tube which makes the nSTL measurement very simple. A polyurethane foam material with low transmission loss and a kind of rubber material with relatively high transmission loss are used to verify the proposed method. When compared with the traditional two-load method, a relatively good agreement between these two methods can be observed. The main error of this method results from the measuring accuracy of the amplitude of transmission coefficient.

  6. Heel blood flow during loading and off-loading in bedridden older adults with low and normal ankle-brachial pressure index: a quasi-experimental study.

    PubMed

    Masaki, Nami; Sugama, Junko; Okuwa, Mayumi; Inagaki, Misako; Matsuo, Junko; Nakatani, Tosio; Sanada, Hiromi

    2013-07-01

    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in heel blood flow during loading and off-loading in bedridden adults older than 65 years. The patients were divided into three groups based on ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) and transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO₂): (1) patients with an ABI ≥ 0.8 (Group A); (2) patients with an ABI < 0.8 and heel tcPO₂ ≥ 10 mmHg (Group B); and (3) patients with an ABI < 0.8 and heel tcPO₂ < 10 mmHg (Group C). Heel blood flow was monitored using tcPO₂ sensors. Data were collected with the heel (1) suspended above the bed surface (preload), (2) on the bed surface for 30 min (loading), and (3) again suspended above the bed surface for 60 min (off-loading). Heel blood flow during off-loading was assessed using three parameters: oxygen recovery index (ORI), total tcPO₂ for the first 10 min, and change in tcPO₂ after 60 min of off-loading. ORI in Group C (n = 8) was significantly shorter than in Groups A (n = 22) and B (n = 15). Total tcPO₂ for the first 10 min of off-loading in Group C was significantly less than that in Groups A and B. Change in tcPO₂ after 60 min of off-loading in Group C was less than in Group A. Based on these findings, additional preventive care against heel blood flow decrease in older adults with an ABI < 0.8 and heel tcPO₂ < 10 mmHg might be necessary after loading.

  7. Host nutrition alters the variance in parasite transmission potential

    PubMed Central

    Vale, Pedro F.; Choisy, Marc; Little, Tom J.

    2013-01-01

    The environmental conditions experienced by hosts are known to affect their mean parasite transmission potential. How different conditions may affect the variance of transmission potential has received less attention, but is an important question for disease management, especially if specific ecological contexts are more likely to foster a few extremely infectious hosts. Using the obligate-killing bacterium Pasteuria ramosa and its crustacean host Daphnia magna, we analysed how host nutrition affected the variance of individual parasite loads, and, therefore, transmission potential. Under low food, individual parasite loads showed similar mean and variance, following a Poisson distribution. By contrast, among well-nourished hosts, parasite loads were right-skewed and overdispersed, following a negative binomial distribution. Abundant food may, therefore, yield individuals causing potentially more transmission than the population average. Measuring both the mean and variance of individual parasite loads in controlled experimental infections may offer a useful way of revealing risk factors for potential highly infectious hosts. PMID:23407498

  8. Host nutrition alters the variance in parasite transmission potential.

    PubMed

    Vale, Pedro F; Choisy, Marc; Little, Tom J

    2013-04-23

    The environmental conditions experienced by hosts are known to affect their mean parasite transmission potential. How different conditions may affect the variance of transmission potential has received less attention, but is an important question for disease management, especially if specific ecological contexts are more likely to foster a few extremely infectious hosts. Using the obligate-killing bacterium Pasteuria ramosa and its crustacean host Daphnia magna, we analysed how host nutrition affected the variance of individual parasite loads, and, therefore, transmission potential. Under low food, individual parasite loads showed similar mean and variance, following a Poisson distribution. By contrast, among well-nourished hosts, parasite loads were right-skewed and overdispersed, following a negative binomial distribution. Abundant food may, therefore, yield individuals causing potentially more transmission than the population average. Measuring both the mean and variance of individual parasite loads in controlled experimental infections may offer a useful way of revealing risk factors for potential highly infectious hosts.

  9. 75 FR 59741 - Notice of Proposed Withdrawal and Opportunity for Public Meeting; Montana

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-28

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Land Management [LLMTB072000-L14300000-ET0000; MTM 98499] Notice of Proposed Withdrawal and Opportunity for Public Meeting; Montana AGENCY: Bureau of Land.... [FR Doc. 2010-24281 Filed 9-27-10; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4310-$$-P ...

  10. The Effects of Load Distribution and Gradient on Load Carriage

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-12-01

    and injury (Knapik & Reynolds, 1997). Grimmer, Danise, Milanese, Pirunsan, & Trott (2002) studied postural responses to backpack loads in... Innovations in Load Carriage System Design and Evaluation” (1-7). Kingston, Canada, 27–29 June 2000. Bloom, D. & Woodhull-McNeal, A.P. (1987...Danise, B., Milanese, S., Pirunsan, U., & Trott , P. (2002). Adolescent standing postural response to backpack loads: a randomized controlled

  11. Identification and Characterization of ART-27, a Novel Coactivator for the Androgen Receptor N Terminus

    PubMed Central

    Markus, Steven M.; Taneja, Samir S.; Logan, Susan K.; Li, Wenhui; Ha, Susan; Hittelman, Adam B.; Rogatsky, Inez; Garabedian, Michael J.

    2002-01-01

    The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-regulated transcription factor that stimulates cell growth and differentiation in androgen-responsive tissues. The AR N terminus contains two activation functions (AF-1a and AF-1b) that are necessary for maximal transcriptional enhancement by the receptor; however, the mechanisms and components regulating AR transcriptional activation are not fully understood. We sought to identify novel factors that interact with the AR N terminus from an androgen-stimulated human prostate cancer cell library using a yeast two-hybrid approach designed to identify proteins that interact with transcriptional activation domains. A 157-amino acid protein termed ART-27 was cloned and shown to interact predominantly with the AR153–336, containing AF-1a and a part of AF-1b, localize to the nucleus and increase the transcriptional activity of AR when overexpressed in cultured mammalian cells. ART-27 also enhanced the transcriptional activation by AR153–336 fused to the LexA DNA-binding domain but not other AR N-terminal subdomains, suggesting that ART-27 exerts its effect via an interaction with a defined region of the AR N terminus. ART-27 interacts with AR in nuclear extracts from LNCaP cells in a ligand-independent manner. Interestingly, velocity gradient sedimentation of HeLa nuclear extracts suggests that native ART-27 is part of a multiprotein complex. ART-27 is expressed in a variety of human tissues, including sites of androgen action such as prostate and skeletal muscle, and is conserved throughout evolution. Thus, ART-27 is a novel cofactor that interacts with the AR N terminus and plays a role in facilitating receptor-induced transcriptional activation. PMID:11854421

  12. 14 CFR 27.1027 - Transmissions and gearboxes: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... any contaminant which may damage transmission and drive system components or impede the flow of lubricant to a hazardous degree; (2) Be equipped with a means to indicate collection of contaminants on the... release of collected contaminants is minimized by appropriate location of the bypass to ensure that...

  13. 14 CFR 27.1435 - Hydraulic systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... in addition to hydraulic loads. (b) Tests. Each system must be substantiated by proof pressure tests... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Hydraulic systems. 27.1435 Section 27.1435... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Equipment Safety Equipment § 27.1435 Hydraulic systems. (a) Design...

  14. 14 CFR 27.1435 - Hydraulic systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... in addition to hydraulic loads. (b) Tests. Each system must be substantiated by proof pressure tests... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Hydraulic systems. 27.1435 Section 27.1435... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Equipment Safety Equipment § 27.1435 Hydraulic systems. (a) Design...

  15. 14 CFR 27.1435 - Hydraulic systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... in addition to hydraulic loads. (b) Tests. Each system must be substantiated by proof pressure tests... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Hydraulic systems. 27.1435 Section 27.1435... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Equipment Safety Equipment § 27.1435 Hydraulic systems. (a) Design...

  16. 14 CFR 27.1435 - Hydraulic systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... in addition to hydraulic loads. (b) Tests. Each system must be substantiated by proof pressure tests... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Hydraulic systems. 27.1435 Section 27.1435... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Equipment Safety Equipment § 27.1435 Hydraulic systems. (a) Design...

  17. 14 CFR 27.1435 - Hydraulic systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... in addition to hydraulic loads. (b) Tests. Each system must be substantiated by proof pressure tests... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Hydraulic systems. 27.1435 Section 27.1435... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Equipment Safety Equipment § 27.1435 Hydraulic systems. (a) Design...

  18. A human-infecting H10N8 influenza virus retains a strong preference for avian-type receptors

    DOE PAGES

    Zhang, Heng; de Vries, Robert  P.; Tzarum, Netanel; ...

    2015-03-11

    Recent avian-origin H10N8 influenza A viruses that have infected humans pose a potential pandemic threat. Alterations in the viral surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA), typically are required for influenza A viruses to cross the species barrier for adaptation to a new host, but whether H10N8 contains adaptations supporting human infection remains incompletely understood. In this paper, we investigated whether H10N8 HA can bind human receptors. Sialoside glycan microarray analysis showed that the H10 HA retains a strong preference for avian receptor analogs and negligible binding to human receptor analogs. Crystal structures of H10 HA with avian and human receptor analogs revealedmore » the basis for preferential recognition of avian-like receptors. Furthermore, introduction of mutations into the H10 receptor-binding site (RBS) known to convert other HA subtypes from avian to human receptor specificity failed to switch preference to human receptors. In conclusion, collectively these findings suggest that the current H10N8 human isolates are poorly adapted for efficient human-to-human transmission.« less

  19. A human-infecting H10N8 influenza virus retains a strong preference for avian-type receptors

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zhang, Heng; de Vries, Robert  P.; Tzarum, Netanel

    Recent avian-origin H10N8 influenza A viruses that have infected humans pose a potential pandemic threat. Alterations in the viral surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA), typically are required for influenza A viruses to cross the species barrier for adaptation to a new host, but whether H10N8 contains adaptations supporting human infection remains incompletely understood. In this paper, we investigated whether H10N8 HA can bind human receptors. Sialoside glycan microarray analysis showed that the H10 HA retains a strong preference for avian receptor analogs and negligible binding to human receptor analogs. Crystal structures of H10 HA with avian and human receptor analogs revealedmore » the basis for preferential recognition of avian-like receptors. Furthermore, introduction of mutations into the H10 receptor-binding site (RBS) known to convert other HA subtypes from avian to human receptor specificity failed to switch preference to human receptors. In conclusion, collectively these findings suggest that the current H10N8 human isolates are poorly adapted for efficient human-to-human transmission.« less

  20. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1: strong association with certain maternal HLA-B alleles independent of viral load implicates innate immune mechanisms.

    PubMed

    Winchester, Robert; Pitt, Jane; Charurat, Manhattan; Magder, Laurence S; Göring, Harald H H; Landay, Alan; Read, Jennifer S; Shearer, William; Handelsman, Edward; Luzuriaga, Katherine; Hillyer, George V; Blattner, William

    2004-06-01

    The transmission of HIV-1 from mother to child during pregnancy is unlike other types of HIV-1 transmission because the child shares major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes with the mother during a time while the mother is induced to tolerate the paternally derived fetal MHC molecules, in part through natural killer (NK) recognition of MHC polymorphisms. The relevance of these immune mechanisms to HIV-1 transmission was assessed by determining the HLA-B alleles of mother and infant. Almost half (48%) of mothers who transmitted with low viral loads had HLA-B*1302, B*3501, B*3503, B*4402, or B*5001 alleles, compared with 8% of nontransmitting mothers (P=0.001). Conversely, 25% of mothers who did not transmit despite high viral loads had B*4901 and B*5301, vs. 5% of transmitting mothers (P=0.003), a pattern of allelic involvement distinct from that influencing HIV-1 infection outcome. The infant's HLA-B alleles did not appear associated with transmission risk. The HLA-B*4901 and B*5301 alleles that were protective in the mother both differed respectively from the otherwise identical susceptibility alleles, B*5001 and B*3501, by 5 amino acids encoding the ligand for the KIR3DL1 NK receptor. These results suggest that the probable molecular basis of the observed association involves definition of the maternal NK recognition repertoire by engagement of NK receptors with polymorphic ligands encoded by maternal HLA-B alleles, and that the placenta is the likely site of the effect that appears to protect against transmission of maternal HIV-1 through interrelating adaptive and innate immune recognition.

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