Colleges and Cable Franchising.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glenn, Neal D.

After noting issues of audience appeal and financial and philosophical support for educational broadcasting, this paper urges community colleges to play an active role in the process of cable franchising. The paper first describes a cable franchise as a contract between a government unit and the cable television (CATV) company which specifies what…

47 CFR 76.925 - Costs of franchise requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Costs of franchise requirements. 76.925 Section... MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Rate Regulation § 76.925 Costs of franchise requirements. (a) Franchise requirement costs may include cost increases required by the franchising authority in...

47 CFR 76.925 - Costs of franchise requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Costs of franchise requirements. 76.925 Section... MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Rate Regulation § 76.925 Costs of franchise requirements. (a) Franchise requirement costs may include cost increases required by the franchising authority in...

47 CFR 76.925 - Costs of franchise requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Costs of franchise requirements. 76.925 Section... MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Rate Regulation § 76.925 Costs of franchise requirements. (a) Franchise requirement costs may include cost increases required by the franchising authority in...

47 CFR 76.925 - Costs of franchise requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Costs of franchise requirements. 76.925 Section... MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Rate Regulation § 76.925 Costs of franchise requirements. (a) Franchise requirement costs may include cost increases required by the franchising authority in...

Franchise. Quantum leap.

PubMed

Mooney, Helen

2008-05-15

The Royal Marsden's chemotherapy unit in Kingston will not only treat its own patients who live locally, but also accept referrals from local GPs. The move is part of a trend by well-known hospitals to open franchises, led by the Moorfields Eye Hospital which has 11 satellite units, including one in Dubai. Franchising by specialist hospitals can increase services, raise income and expand their brand. It also allows specialist staff to work in a range of settings.

47 CFR 76.41 - Franchise application process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Franchise application process. 76.41 Section 76.41 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Franchise Applications § 76.41 Franchise application...

47 CFR 76.41 - Franchise application process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Franchise application process. 76.41 Section 76.41 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Franchise Applications § 76.41 Franchise application...

47 CFR 76.41 - Franchise application process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Franchise application process. 76.41 Section 76.41 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Franchise Applications § 76.41 Franchise application...

47 CFR 76.41 - Franchise application process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Franchise application process. 76.41 Section 76.41 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Franchise Applications § 76.41 Franchise application...

29 CFR 779.230 - Franchise and other arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Franchise and other arrangements. 779.230 Section 779.230... Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.230 Franchise and other.... The quotation in § 779.229 from the Senate Report shows that Congress recognized that some franchise...

29 CFR 779.230 - Franchise and other arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Franchise and other arrangements. 779.230 Section 779.230... Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.230 Franchise and other.... The quotation in § 779.229 from the Senate Report shows that Congress recognized that some franchise...

29 CFR 779.230 - Franchise and other arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Franchise and other arrangements. 779.230 Section 779.230... Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.230 Franchise and other.... The quotation in § 779.229 from the Senate Report shows that Congress recognized that some franchise...

29 CFR 779.230 - Franchise and other arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Franchise and other arrangements. 779.230 Section 779.230... Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.230 Franchise and other.... The quotation in § 779.229 from the Senate Report shows that Congress recognized that some franchise...

29 CFR 779.230 - Franchise and other arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Franchise and other arrangements. 779.230 Section 779.230... Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.230 Franchise and other.... The quotation in § 779.229 from the Senate Report shows that Congress recognized that some franchise...

26 CFR 1.1563-4 - Franchised corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 13 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Franchised corporations. 1.1563-4 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Certain Controlled Corporations § 1.1563-4 Franchised corporations. (a... corporations shall be considered to be a franchised corporation for a taxable year if each of the following...

26 CFR 1.1563-4 - Franchised corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 13 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Franchised corporations. 1.1563-4 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Certain Controlled Corporations § 1.1563-4 Franchised corporations. (a... corporations shall be considered to be a franchised corporation for a taxable year if each of the following...

26 CFR 1.1563-4 - Franchised corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 13 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Franchised corporations. 1.1563-4 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Certain Controlled Corporations § 1.1563-4 Franchised corporations. (a... corporations shall be considered to be a franchised corporation for a taxable year if each of the following...

26 CFR 1.1563-4 - Franchised corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 13 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Franchised corporations. 1.1563-4 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Certain Controlled Corporations § 1.1563-4 Franchised corporations. (a... corporations shall be considered to be a franchised corporation for a taxable year if each of the following...

Cable Television: Citizen Participation After the Franchise.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Price, Monroe E.; Botein, Michael

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has incorporated several allowances in its regulations pertaining to cable television. Some of these enable citizen groups and communities to intervene in the cable franchise after the final issuance in order to correct deficiencies in the franchising process and the administration of the franchise.…

77 FR 36149 - Disclosure Requirements and Prohibitions Concerning Franchising

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-18

... FTC announces revised monetary thresholds for three exemptions from the Franchise Rule. FTC is... July 1, 2012. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Craig Tregillus, Franchise Rule Coordinator, Division of... and Prohibitions Concerning Franchising'' (Franchise Rule or Rule) \\1\\ provides three exemptions based...

How equitable is social franchising? Case studies of three maternal healthcare franchises in Uganda and India

PubMed Central

Haemmerli, Manon; Santos, Andreia; Penn-Kekana, Loveday; Lange, Isabelle; Matovu, Fred; Benova, Lenka; Wong, Kerry LM

2018-01-01

Abstract Substantial investments have been made in clinical social franchising to improve quality of care of private facilities in low- and middle-income countries but concerns have emerged that the benefits fail to reach poorer groups. We assessed the distribution of franchise utilization and content of care by socio-economic status (SES) in three maternal healthcare social franchises in Uganda and India (Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan). We surveyed 2179 women who had received antenatal care (ANC) and/or delivery services at franchise clinics (in Uttar Pradesh only ANC services were offered). Women were allocated to national (Uganda) or state (India) SES quintiles. Franchise users were concentrated in the higher SES quintiles in all settings. The percent in the top two quintiles was highest in Uganda (over 98% for both ANC and delivery), followed by Rajasthan (62.8% for ANC, 72.1% for delivery) and Uttar Pradesh (48.5% for ANC). The percent of clients in the lowest two quintiles was zero in Uganda, 7.1 and 3.1% for ANC and delivery, respectively, in Rajasthan and 16.3% in Uttar Pradesh. Differences in SES distribution across the programmes may reflect variation in user fees, the average SES of the national/state populations and the range of services covered. We found little variation in content of care by SES. Key factors limiting the ability of such maternal health social franchises to reach poorer groups may include the lack of suitable facilities in the poorest areas, the inability of the poorest women to afford any private sector fees and competition with free or even incentivized public sector services. Moreover, there are tensions between targeting poorer groups, and franchise objectives of improving quality and business performance and enhancing financial sustainability, meaning that middle income and poorer groups are unlikely to be reached in large numbers in the absence of additional subsidies. PMID:29373681

How equitable is social franchising? Case studies of three maternal healthcare franchises in Uganda and India.

PubMed

Haemmerli, Manon; Santos, Andreia; Penn-Kekana, Loveday; Lange, Isabelle; Matovu, Fred; Benova, Lenka; Wong, Kerry L M; Goodman, Catherine

2018-04-01

Substantial investments have been made in clinical social franchising to improve quality of care of private facilities in low- and middle-income countries but concerns have emerged that the benefits fail to reach poorer groups. We assessed the distribution of franchise utilization and content of care by socio-economic status (SES) in three maternal healthcare social franchises in Uganda and India (Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan). We surveyed 2179 women who had received antenatal care (ANC) and/or delivery services at franchise clinics (in Uttar Pradesh only ANC services were offered). Women were allocated to national (Uganda) or state (India) SES quintiles. Franchise users were concentrated in the higher SES quintiles in all settings. The percent in the top two quintiles was highest in Uganda (over 98% for both ANC and delivery), followed by Rajasthan (62.8% for ANC, 72.1% for delivery) and Uttar Pradesh (48.5% for ANC). The percent of clients in the lowest two quintiles was zero in Uganda, 7.1 and 3.1% for ANC and delivery, respectively, in Rajasthan and 16.3% in Uttar Pradesh. Differences in SES distribution across the programmes may reflect variation in user fees, the average SES of the national/state populations and the range of services covered. We found little variation in content of care by SES. Key factors limiting the ability of such maternal health social franchises to reach poorer groups may include the lack of suitable facilities in the poorest areas, the inability of the poorest women to afford any private sector fees and competition with free or even incentivized public sector services. Moreover, there are tensions between targeting poorer groups, and franchise objectives of improving quality and business performance and enhancing financial sustainability, meaning that middle income and poorer groups are unlikely to be reached in large numbers in the absence of additional subsidies.

Franchising.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cornell, Richard

Designed for use in a franchising workshop, this manual provides information on becoming a franchisee. Introductory remarks discussing the benefits and challenges of becoming a franchisee and describing the workshop itself are followed by the course outline. Next, for each of the course's six units, the manual states the core idea, goals, and…

The Values System in the Franchising Entrepreneurship

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Konstantopoulos, Nikolaos; Tomaras, Petros; Zondiros, Dimitrios

2007-12-01

This paper examines the values system delimiting the entrepreneurial activity. The total of these entrepreneurial activities is defined within the franchising framework. The reason for choosing to examine these activities is that franchising is considered to be a rather special kind of entrepreneurship. By this way, it can be examined whether specific entrepreneurial values are required in order to turn to franchising, or it concerns a strategic entrepreneurial choice which is independent from the value standards.

Franchising of health services in low-income countries.

PubMed

Montagu, Dominic

2002-06-01

Grouping existing providers under a franchised brand, supported by training, advertising and supplies, is a potentially important way of improving access to and assuring quality of some types of clinical medical services. While franchising has great potential to increase service delivery points and method acceptability, a number of challenges are inherent to the delivery model: controlling the quality of services provided by independent practitioners is difficult, positioning branded services to compete on either price or quality requires trade-offs between social goals and provider satisfaction, and understanding the motivations of clients may lead to organizational choices which do not maximize quality or minimize costs. This paper describes the structure and operation of existing franchises and presents a model of social franchise activities that will afford a context for analyzing choices in the design and implementation of health-related social franchises in developing countries.

Physicians in private practice: reasons for being a social franchise member.

PubMed

Huntington, Dale; Mundy, Gary; Hom, Nang Mo; Li, Qingfeng; Aung, Tin

2012-08-01

Evidence is emerging on the cost-effectiveness, quality and health coverage of social franchises. But little is known about the motivations of providers to join or remain within a social franchise network, or the impact that franchise membership has on client volumes or revenue earnings. (i) Uncontrolled facility based of a random sample of 230 franchise members to assess self-reported motivations; (ii) A 24 month prospective cohort study of 3 cohorts of physicians who had been in the franchise for 4 years, 2 years and new members to track monthly case load and revenue generated. The most common reasons for joining the franchise were access to high quality and cheap drugs (96.1%) and feelings of social responsibility, (95.2%). The effects of joining the franchise on the volume of family planning services is shown in the 2009 cohort where the average monthly service volume increased from 18.5 per physician to 70.6 per physician during their first 2 years in the franchise, (p<0.01). These gains are sustained during the 3rd and 4th year of franchise membership, as the 2007 cohort reported increases of monthly average family planning service volume from 71.2 per physician to 102.8 per physician (p<0.01). The net income of cohort 2009 increased significantly (p=0.024) during their first two years in the franchise. The results for cohorts 2007 and 2005 also show a generalized trend in increasing income. The findings show how franchise membership impacts the volume of franchise and non-franchised services. The increases in client volumes translated directly into increases in earnings among the franchise members, an unanticipated effect for providers who joined in order to better serve the poor. This finding has implications for the social franchise business model that relies upon subsidized medical products to reduce financial barriers for the poor. The increases in out of pocket payments for health care services that were not price controlled by the franchise is

Physicians in private practice: reasons for being a social franchise member

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Evidence is emerging on the cost-effectiveness, quality and health coverage of social franchises. But little is known about the motivations of providers to join or remain within a social franchise network, or the impact that franchise membership has on client volumes or revenue earnings. Methods (i) Uncontrolled facility based of a random sample of 230 franchise members to assess self-reported motivations; (ii) A 24 month prospective cohort study of 3 cohorts of physicians who had been in the franchise for 4 years, 2 years and new members to track monthly case load and revenue generated. Results The most common reasons for joining the franchise were access to high quality and cheap drugs (96.1%) and feelings of social responsibility, (95.2%). The effects of joining the franchise on the volume of family planning services is shown in the 2009 cohort where the average monthly service volume increased from 18.5 per physician to 70.6 per physician during their first 2 years in the franchise, (p<0.01). These gains are sustained during the 3rd and 4th year of franchise membership, as the 2007 cohort reported increases of monthly average family planning service volume from 71.2 per physician to 102.8 per physician (p<0.01). The net income of cohort 2009 increased significantly (p=0.024) during their first two years in the franchise. The results for cohorts 2007 and 2005 also show a generalized trend in increasing income. Conclusions The findings show how franchise membership impacts the volume of franchise and non-franchised services. The increases in client volumes translated directly into increases in earnings among the franchise members, an unanticipated effect for providers who joined in order to better serve the poor. This finding has implications for the social franchise business model that relies upon subsidized medical products to reduce financial barriers for the poor. The increases in out of pocket payments for health care services that were

Tacit Knowledge Barriers within Franchise Organizations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cumberland, Denise M.; Githens, Rod P.

2010-01-01

This paper reviews knowledge management in the context of a franchise business operation, with a focus on tacit knowledge barriers. In a franchise organization, the transfer of knowledge occurs on multiple levels and has an added level of complexity because of the number of partners and relationships. Tacit knowledge transfer should occur…

48 CFR 52.247-2 - Permits, Authorities, or Franchises.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Franchises. 52.247-2 Section 52.247-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION....247-2 Permits, Authorities, or Franchises. As prescribed in 47.207-1(a), insert the following clause: Permits, Authorities, or Franchises (JAN 1997) (a) The offeror does □, does not □, hold authorization from...

48 CFR 52.247-2 - Permits, Authorities, or Franchises.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Franchises. 52.247-2 Section 52.247-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION....247-2 Permits, Authorities, or Franchises. As prescribed in 47.207-1(a), insert the following clause: Permits, Authorities, or Franchises (JAN 1997) (a) The offeror does □, does not □, hold authorization from...

48 CFR 52.247-2 - Permits, Authorities, or Franchises.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Franchises. 52.247-2 Section 52.247-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION....247-2 Permits, Authorities, or Franchises. As prescribed in 47.207-1(a), insert the following clause: Permits, Authorities, or Franchises (JAN 1997) (a) The offeror does □, does not □, hold authorization from...

48 CFR 52.247-2 - Permits, Authorities, or Franchises.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Franchises. 52.247-2 Section 52.247-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION....247-2 Permits, Authorities, or Franchises. As prescribed in 47.207-1(a), insert the following clause: Permits, Authorities, or Franchises (JAN 1997) (a) The offeror does □, does not □, hold authorization from...

48 CFR 52.247-2 - Permits, Authorities, or Franchises.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Franchises. 52.247-2 Section 52.247-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION....247-2 Permits, Authorities, or Franchises. As prescribed in 47.207-1(a), insert the following clause: Permits, Authorities, or Franchises (JAN 1997) (a) The offeror does □, does not □, hold authorization from...

47 CFR 76.910 - Franchising authority certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Franchising authority certification. 76.910 Section 76.910 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Rate Regulation § 76.910 Franchising authority...

Cable Television: The Process of Franchising.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Leland L.; Botein, Michael

In an effort to insure that cable television franchising procedures at the local level are based on a competitive and well-conceived selection process, this report discusses some of the most important steps of the franchising process. Not only does it show how the community should assess its needs and appraise the merits of the cable operator, but…

Is franchising in health care valuable? A systematic review.

PubMed

Nijmeijer, Karlijn J; Fabbricotti, Isabelle N; Huijsman, Robbert

2014-03-01

Franchising is an organizational form that originates from the business sector. It is increasingly used in the healthcare sector with the aim of enhancing quality and accessibility for patients, improving the efficiency and competitiveness of organizations and/or providing professionals with a supportive working environment. However, a structured overview of the scientific evidence for these claims is absent, whereas such an overview can be supportive to scholars, policy makers and franchise practitioners. This article provides a systematic review of literature on the outcomes of franchising in health care. Seven major databases were systematically searched. Peer-reviewed empirical journal articles focusing on the relationship between franchising and outcomes were included. Eventually, 15 articles were included and their findings were narratively synthesized. The level of evidence was rated by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation scale. The review shows that outcomes of franchising in health care have primarily been evaluated in low- and middle-income countries in the reproductive health/family planning sector. Articles about high-income countries are largely absent, apart from three articles evaluating pharmacy franchises. Most studies focus on outcomes for customers/clients and less on organizations and professionals. The evidence is primarily of low quality. Based on this evidence, franchising is predominantly positively associated with client volumes, physical accessibility and some types of quality. Findings regarding utilization, customer loyalty, efficiency and results for providers are mixed. We conclude that franchising has the potential to improve outcomes in healthcare practices, but the evidence base is yet too weak for firm conclusions. Extensive research is needed to further determine the value of healthcare franchising in various contexts. We advocate more research in other healthcare sectors in both low- and

76 FR 49479 - Franchise Rule Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-10

... FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION Franchise Rule Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection... Concerning Franchising (``Franchise Rule''). That clearance expires on December 31, 2011. DATES: Comments... INFORMATION section below. Write ``Franchise Rule, PRA Comment, FTC File No. P094400'' on your comment, and...

Health Care: Franchise Business Activity Contracts for Medical Services

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-06-30

Health Care Department of Defense Office of the Inspector General June 30, 2003 AccountabilityIntegrityQuality Franchise Business Activity Contracts...control number. 1. REPORT DATE 30 JUN 2003 2. REPORT TYPE N/A 3. DATES COVERED - 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Health Care: Franchise Business...services should be interested in the issue of acquiring medical services through the Department of the Treasury, Franchise Business Activity contracts. 15

27 CFR 11.36 - Termination of franchise.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Termination of franchise. 11.36 Section 11.36 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU... franchise. When an industry member has sold products for cash or credit to one of its wholesalers and the...

27 CFR 11.36 - Termination of franchise.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Termination of franchise. 11.36 Section 11.36 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU... franchise. When an industry member has sold products for cash or credit to one of its wholesalers and the...

27 CFR 11.36 - Termination of franchise.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Termination of franchise. 11.36 Section 11.36 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU... franchise. When an industry member has sold products for cash or credit to one of its wholesalers and the...

27 CFR 11.36 - Termination of franchise.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Termination of franchise. 11.36 Section 11.36 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU... franchise. When an industry member has sold products for cash or credit to one of its wholesalers and the...

27 CFR 11.36 - Termination of franchise.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Termination of franchise. 11.36 Section 11.36 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU... franchise. When an industry member has sold products for cash or credit to one of its wholesalers and the...

29 CFR 794.117 - Effect of franchises and other arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Effect of franchises and other arrangements. 794.117... âindependently Owned and Controlled Local Enterpriseâ § 794.117 Effect of franchises and other arrangements. Whether a franchise or other contractual arrangement affects the status of the enterprise as “an...

29 CFR 794.117 - Effect of franchises and other arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effect of franchises and other arrangements. 794.117... âindependently Owned and Controlled Local Enterpriseâ § 794.117 Effect of franchises and other arrangements. Whether a franchise or other contractual arrangement affects the status of the enterprise as “an...

29 CFR 794.117 - Effect of franchises and other arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effect of franchises and other arrangements. 794.117... âindependently Owned and Controlled Local Enterpriseâ § 794.117 Effect of franchises and other arrangements. Whether a franchise or other contractual arrangement affects the status of the enterprise as “an...

29 CFR 794.117 - Effect of franchises and other arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Effect of franchises and other arrangements. 794.117... âindependently Owned and Controlled Local Enterpriseâ § 794.117 Effect of franchises and other arrangements. Whether a franchise or other contractual arrangement affects the status of the enterprise as “an...

29 CFR 794.117 - Effect of franchises and other arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Effect of franchises and other arrangements. 794.117... âindependently Owned and Controlled Local Enterpriseâ § 794.117 Effect of franchises and other arrangements. Whether a franchise or other contractual arrangement affects the status of the enterprise as “an...

26 CFR 1.1563-4 - Franchised corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 13 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Franchised corporations. 1.1563-4 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Certain Controlled Corporations § 1.1563-4 Franchised corporations. (a) In general. For purposes of paragraph (b)(2)(ii)(d) of § 1.1563-1, a member of a controlled group of corporations...

Franchising in Post-16 Education. Coombe Lodge Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evans, Geraldine; And Others

1991-01-01

This document contains eight papers in which the principals of eight U.S. and British postsecondary institutions describe the franchising negotiations and arrangements into which their schools have entered. Franchising arrangements at a wide variety of postsecondary institutions are discussed, including community colleges, polytechnics, further…

29 CFR 779.232 - Franchise or other arrangements which create a larger enterprise.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Franchise or other arrangements which create a larger... Apply; Enterprise Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.232 Franchise or other arrangements which create a larger enterprise. (a) In other instances, franchise...

29 CFR 779.232 - Franchise or other arrangements which create a larger enterprise.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Franchise or other arrangements which create a larger... Apply; Enterprise Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.232 Franchise or other arrangements which create a larger enterprise. (a) In other instances, franchise...

29 CFR 779.232 - Franchise or other arrangements which create a larger enterprise.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Franchise or other arrangements which create a larger... Apply; Enterprise Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.232 Franchise or other arrangements which create a larger enterprise. (a) In other instances, franchise...

29 CFR 779.232 - Franchise or other arrangements which create a larger enterprise.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Franchise or other arrangements which create a larger... Apply; Enterprise Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.232 Franchise or other arrangements which create a larger enterprise. (a) In other instances, franchise...

29 CFR 779.232 - Franchise or other arrangements which create a larger enterprise.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Franchise or other arrangements which create a larger... Apply; Enterprise Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.232 Franchise or other arrangements which create a larger enterprise. (a) In other instances, franchise...

For Better or Worse: The Influence of FE Franchising on Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fletcher, Mick, Ed.

Seven papers look at lessons from the franchising experience in further education (FE) in Britain. "Franchising--A Case Study in FE Funding" (Mick Fletcher) looks at franchised provision in the light of universal themes that cut across all of FE: funding tariff, employer contributions, and local priorities. "The Case for…

The Impact of the Iowa Franchise Law on Restaurant Franchisor Expansion Strategy,

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-06-18

The enormous success of franchising as an expansion instrument has resulted in a franchising boom over the past few decades. In response to the...success of franchising as a business expansion method and the subsequent complaints by unsuccessful or defrauded franchisees, legislation was enacted at...the federal and state level to attempt to prevent franchisor abuses. The 1992 Iowa Franchise Law has been called the most controversial and restrictive

77 FR 55475 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Information Collection; Permits, Authorities, or Franchises

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-10

...; Information Collection; Permits, Authorities, or Franchises AGENCY: Department of Defense (DOD), General... approved information collection requirement concerning permits, authorities, or franchises for regulated..., Authorities, or Franchises, by any of the following methods: Regulations.gov : http://www.regulations.gov...

Cable Television Franchising in Florida: An Analysis of Selected Franchises.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mengel, Lucia M.

Cable Television franchises in 20 Florida communities were analyzed to determine rates and citizens' rights of access as required by FCC regulations. It was found that rates ranged from $4.95 to $8.75, with the average monthly service at $5.65. Fees had little to do with an overall citizens' rights; the companies with higher rates generally made…

Something of Value: How Franchise Sellers Make Training Pay

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berger, Gladys

1975-01-01

Training can be the most important benefit included in the purchase of a franchise. Several of these training programs used by franchise sellers (Castro Convertibles, Roto-Rooter, H and R Block, Dunhill Personnel Systems Inc., Carvel, Holiday Inns, Sheraton Inns Inc., McDonald's) are discussed. (Author/BP)

Franchise Opportunities Handbook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Minority Business Enterprise (DOC), Washington, DC.

Franchising continues to be one of the rapidly growing forms of business because it offers a means through which an individual with limited capital and experience can own or operate his own business. The publication, in its eighth edition, identifies franchisors who do not discriminate on the basis of race, color, or national origin in the…

Practical implications of incentive systems are utilized by dental franchises.

PubMed

Yavner, S B

1989-01-01

The success of any dental practice depends, among other factors, on the critical role of staff employees. In order to encourage desired staff behaviors, incentive systems can be designed for employee dentists, assistants/hygienists and managers. A survey of dental franchises was conducted in 1987 for the purpose of examining their incentive control systems. The specific incentives employed by these dental franchises for their employees are analyzed. The implications of these incentive systems used by dental franchise organizations for all dental practices are then discussed.

Using and joining a franchised private sector provider network in Myanmar.

PubMed

O'Connell, Kathryn; Hom, Mo; Aung, Tin; Theuss, Marc; Huntington, Dale

2011-01-01

Quality is central to understanding provider motivations to join and remain within a social franchising network. Quality also appears as a key issue from the client's perspective, and may influence why a client chooses to use a franchised provider over another type of provider. The dynamic relationships between providers of social franchising clinics and clients who use these services have not been thoroughly investigated in the context of Myanmar, which has an established social franchising network. This study examines client motivations to use a Sun Quality Health network provider and provider motivations to join and remain in the Sun Quality Health network. Taken together, these two aims provide an opportunity to explore the symbiotic relationship between client satisfaction and provider incentives to increase the utilization of reproductive health care services. Results from a series of focus group discussions with clients of reproductive health services and franchised providers shows that women chose health services provided by franchised private sector general practitioners because of its perceived higher quality, associated with the availability of effective, affordable, drugs. A key finding of the study is associated with providers. Provider focus group discussions indicate that a principle determinate for joining and remaining in the Sun Quality Health Network was serving the poor.

Using and Joining a Franchised Private Sector Provider Network in Myanmar

PubMed Central

O'Connell, Kathryn; Hom, Mo; Aung, Tin; Theuss, Marc; Huntington, Dale

2011-01-01

Background Quality is central to understanding provider motivations to join and remain within a social franchising network. Quality also appears as a key issue from the client's perspective, and may influence why a client chooses to use a franchised provider over another type of provider. The dynamic relationships between providers of social franchising clinics and clients who use these services have not been thoroughly investigated in the context of Myanmar, which has an established social franchising network. This study examines client motivations to use a Sun Quality Health network provider and provider motivations to join and remain in the Sun Quality Health network. Taken together, these two aims provide an opportunity to explore the symbiotic relationship between client satisfaction and provider incentives to increase the utilization of reproductive health care services. Methods and Findings Results from a series of focus group discussions with clients of reproductive health services and franchised providers shows that women chose health services provided by franchised private sector general practitioners because of its perceived higher quality, associated with the availability of effective, affordable, drugs. A key finding of the study is associated with providers. Provider focus group discussions indicate that a principle determinate for joining and remaining in the Sun Quality Health Network was serving the poor. PMID:22180781

Franchising the Future

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Colomb, Gregory G.

2010-01-01

Central to the future of rhetoric and composition (or writing studies or whatever label we use) is the service mission of composition: to teach students to write. But that term "service" has not and will not serve us well. This essay examines the limitations and dangers of a service mission and explores a different model, that of a franchise, a…

29 CFR 779.231 - Franchise arrangements which do not create a larger enterprise.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Franchise arrangements which do not create a larger... Apply; Enterprise Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.231 Franchise arrangements which do not create a larger enterprise. (a) While it is clear that in every...

29 CFR 779.231 - Franchise arrangements which do not create a larger enterprise.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Franchise arrangements which do not create a larger... Apply; Enterprise Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.231 Franchise arrangements which do not create a larger enterprise. (a) While it is clear that in every...

29 CFR 779.231 - Franchise arrangements which do not create a larger enterprise.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Franchise arrangements which do not create a larger... Apply; Enterprise Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.231 Franchise arrangements which do not create a larger enterprise. (a) While it is clear that in every...

29 CFR 779.231 - Franchise arrangements which do not create a larger enterprise.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Franchise arrangements which do not create a larger... Apply; Enterprise Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.231 Franchise arrangements which do not create a larger enterprise. (a) While it is clear that in every...

29 CFR 779.231 - Franchise arrangements which do not create a larger enterprise.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Franchise arrangements which do not create a larger... Apply; Enterprise Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.231 Franchise arrangements which do not create a larger enterprise. (a) While it is clear that in every...

Evaluating the impact of social franchising on family planning use in Kenya.

PubMed

Chakraborty, Nirali M; Mbondo, Mwende; Wanderi, Joyce

2016-06-18

In Kenya, as in many low-income countries, the private sector is an important component of health service delivery and of providing access to preventive and curative health services. The Tunza Social Franchise Network, operated by Population Services Kenya, is Kenya's largest network of private providers, comprising 329 clinics. Franchised clinics are only one source of family planning (FP), and this study seeks to understand whether access to a franchise increases the overall use or provides another alternative for women who would have found FP services in the public sector. A quasi-experimental study compared 50 catchment areas where there is a Tunza franchise and no other franchised provider with 50 purposively matched control areas within 20 km of each selected Tunza area, with a health facility, but no franchised facility. Data from 5609 women of reproductive age were collected on demographic and socioeconomic status, FP use, and care-seeking behavior. Multivariate logistic regression, with intervention and control respondents matched using coarsened exact matching, was conducted. Overall modern contraceptive use in this population was 53 %, with 24.8 % of women using a long-acting or permanent method (LAPM). There was no significant difference in odds of current or new FP use by group, adjusted for age. However, respondents in Tunza catchment areas are significantly more likely to be LAPM users (adj. OR = 1.49, p = 0.015). Further, women aged 18-24 and 41-49 in Tunza catchment areas have a significantly higher marginal probability of LAPM use than those in control areas. This study indicates that access to a franchise is correlated with access to and increased use of LAPMs, which are more effective, and cost-effective, methods of FP. While franchised facilities may provide additional points of access for FP and other services, the presence of the franchise does not, in and of itself, increase the use of FP in Kenya.

Cable Television: Franchising Considerations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baer, Walter S.; And Others

This volume is a comprehensive reference guide to cable television technology and issues of planning, franchising, and regulating a cable system. It is intended for local government officials and citizens concerned with the development of cable television systems in their communities, as well as for college and university classes in…

78 FR 5451 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Submission for OMB Review; Permits, Authorities, or Franchises

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-25

...; Submission for OMB Review; Permits, Authorities, or Franchises AGENCIES: Department of Defense (DOD), General... approved information collection requirement concerning permits, authorities, or franchises for regulated..., Permits, Authorities, or Franchises, by any of the following methods: Regulations.gov : http://www...

47 CFR 76.939 - Truthful written statements and responses to requests of franchising authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... requests of franchising authority. 76.939 Section 76.939 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS... Regulation § 76.939 Truthful written statements and responses to requests of franchising authority. Cable operators shall comply with franchising authorities' and the Commission's requests for information, orders...

Seeking New Civilizations: Race Normativity in the "Star Trek" Franchise

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kwan, Allen

2007-01-01

As with many science fiction works, the "Star Trek" franchise uses allegory to address contemporary social issues. Taking a liberal humanistic stance, it addresses race and racism using aliens as allegorical stand-ins for humanity. However, the producers of the "Star Trek" franchise were inadvertently perpetuating the racism they were advocating…

47 CFR 76.933 - Franchising authority review of basic cable rates and equipment costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... the imposition of, or increase in, franchise fees or Commission cable television system regulatory..., the increased rate attributable to Commission regulatory fees or franchise fees shall be treated as an... increase in basic tier rates exceeds the increase in regulatory fees or in franchise fees allocable to the...

47 CFR 76.502 - Time limits applicable to franchise authority consideration of transfer applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Time limits applicable to franchise authority... Cable Systems § 76.502 Time limits applicable to franchise authority consideration of transfer applications. (a) A franchise authority shall have 120 days from the date of submission of a completed FCC Form...

47 CFR 76.933 - Franchising authority review of basic cable rates and equipment costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... the imposition of, or increase in, franchise fees or Commission cable television system regulatory..., the increased rate attributable to Commission regulatory fees or franchise fees shall be treated as an... increase in basic tier rates exceeds the increase in regulatory fees or in franchise fees allocable to the...

47 CFR 76.933 - Franchising authority review of basic cable rates and equipment costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... the imposition of, or increase in, franchise fees or Commission cable television system regulatory..., the increased rate attributable to Commission regulatory fees or franchise fees shall be treated as an... increase in basic tier rates exceeds the increase in regulatory fees or in franchise fees allocable to the...

47 CFR 76.502 - Time limits applicable to franchise authority consideration of transfer applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Time limits applicable to franchise authority... Cable Systems § 76.502 Time limits applicable to franchise authority consideration of transfer applications. (a) A franchise authority shall have 120 days from the date of submission of a completed FCC Form...

47 CFR 76.933 - Franchising authority review of basic cable rates and equipment costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... the imposition of, or increase in, franchise fees or Commission cable television system regulatory..., the increased rate attributable to Commission regulatory fees or franchise fees shall be treated as an... increase in basic tier rates exceeds the increase in regulatory fees or in franchise fees allocable to the...

Working Paper for the Revision of San Francisco's Cable Franchise.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

San Francisco Public Library, CA. Video Task Force.

Ideas are presented for the revision of San Francisco's cable franchise. The recommendations in the report are based upon national research of library and urban use of cable communications and are designed to help the city's present and future cable franchises to comply with the regulations of the Federal Communications Commission by March 31,…

User experiences with clinical social franchising: qualitative insights from providers and clients in Ghana and Kenya.

PubMed

Sieverding, Maia; Briegleb, Christina; Montagu, Dominic

2015-02-01

Clinical social franchising is a rapidly growing delivery model in private healthcare markets in low- and middle-income countries. Despite this growth, little is known about providers' perceptions of the benefits and challenges of social franchising or clients' reasons for choosing franchised facilities over other healthcare options. We examine these questions in the context of three social franchise networks in Ghana and Kenya. We conducted in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of providers from the BlueStar Ghana, and Amua and Tunza networks in Kenya. We also conducted qualitative exit interviews with female clients who were leaving franchised facilities after a visit for a reproductive or child health reason. The total sample consists of 47 providers and 47 clients across the three networks. Providers perceived the main benefits of participation in a social franchise network to be training opportunities and access to a consistent supply of low-cost family planning commodities; few providers mentioned branding as a benefit of participation. Although most providers said that client flows for franchised services increased after joining the network, they did not associate this with improved finances for their facility. Clients overwhelmingly cited the quality of the client-provider relationship as their main motivation for attending the franchise facility. Recognition of the franchise brand was low among clients who were exiting a franchised facility. The most important benefit of social franchise programs to both providers and their clients may have more to do with training on business practices, patient counseling and customer service, than with subsidies, technical input, branding or clinical support. This finding may lead to a reconsideration of how franchise programs interact with both their member clinics and the larger health-seeking communities they serve.

29 CFR 779.226 - Exception for an independently owned retail or service establishment under certain franchise and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... establishment under certain franchise and other arrangements. 779.226 Section 779.226 Labor Regulations Relating... OR SERVICES Employment to Which the Act May Apply; Enterprise Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise... establishment under certain franchise and other arrangements. While certain franchise and other arrangements may...

29 CFR 779.226 - Exception for an independently owned retail or service establishment under certain franchise and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... establishment under certain franchise and other arrangements. 779.226 Section 779.226 Labor Regulations Relating... OR SERVICES Employment to Which the Act May Apply; Enterprise Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise... establishment under certain franchise and other arrangements. While certain franchise and other arrangements may...

29 CFR 779.226 - Exception for an independently owned retail or service establishment under certain franchise and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... establishment under certain franchise and other arrangements. 779.226 Section 779.226 Labor Regulations Relating... OR SERVICES Employment to Which the Act May Apply; Enterprise Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise... establishment under certain franchise and other arrangements. While certain franchise and other arrangements may...

29 CFR 779.226 - Exception for an independently owned retail or service establishment under certain franchise and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... establishment under certain franchise and other arrangements. 779.226 Section 779.226 Labor Regulations Relating... OR SERVICES Employment to Which the Act May Apply; Enterprise Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise... establishment under certain franchise and other arrangements. While certain franchise and other arrangements may...

29 CFR 779.226 - Exception for an independently owned retail or service establishment under certain franchise and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... establishment under certain franchise and other arrangements. 779.226 Section 779.226 Labor Regulations Relating... OR SERVICES Employment to Which the Act May Apply; Enterprise Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise... establishment under certain franchise and other arrangements. While certain franchise and other arrangements may...

The Different Paths in the Franchising Entrepreneurship Choice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tomaras, Petros; Konstantopoulos, Nikolaos; Zondiros, Dimitris

2007-12-01

This study aims to testify the scientific veracity of the question: is the franchisees' choice on entrepreneurial start-up univocal or many-valued? Two variables are examined by registering daily activities of the entrepreneurial franchisees, as they appear by the answers given to a closed-ended questionnaire. We proceeded with a multiple variable statistical analysis (principal component analysis) of survey data collected from franchisees of a Greece-based franchise system. The results of the research indicate that among different value standards, the entrepreneurs conclude in choosing the franchising.

The impact of clinical social franchising on health services in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

PubMed

Beyeler, Naomi; York De La Cruz, Anna; Montagu, Dominic

2013-01-01

The private sector plays a large role in health services delivery in low- and middle-income countries; yet significant gaps remain in the quality and accessibility of private sector services. Clinical social franchising, which applies the commercial franchising model to achieve social goals and improve health care, is increasingly used in developing countries to respond to these limitations. Despite the growth of this approach, limited evidence documents the effect of social franchising on improving health care quality and access. We examined peer-reviewed and grey literature to evaluate the effect of social franchising on health care quality, equity, cost-effectiveness, and health outcomes. We included all studies of clinical social franchise programs located in low- and middle-income countries. We assessed study bias using the WHO-Johns Hopkins Rigour Scale and used narrative synthesis to evaluate the findings. Of 113 identified articles, 23 were included in this review; these evaluated a small sample of franchises globally and focused on reproductive health franchises. Results varied widely across outcomes and programs. Social franchising was positively associated with increased client volume and client satisfaction. The findings on health care utilization and health impact were mixed; some studies find that franchises significantly outperform other models of health care, while others show franchises are equivalent to or worse than other private or public clinics. In two areas, cost-effectiveness and equity, social franchises were generally found to have poorer outcomes. Our review indicates that social franchising may strengthen some elements of private sector health care. However, gaps in the evidence remain. Additional research should include: further documentation of the effect of social franchising, evaluating the equity and cost-effectiveness of this intervention, and assessing the role of franchising within the context of the greater healthcare delivery

The Impact of Clinical Social Franchising on Health Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

PubMed Central

Beyeler, Naomi; York De La Cruz, Anna; Montagu, Dominic

2013-01-01

Background The private sector plays a large role in health services delivery in low- and middle-income countries; yet significant gaps remain in the quality and accessibility of private sector services. Clinical social franchising, which applies the commercial franchising model to achieve social goals and improve health care, is increasingly used in developing countries to respond to these limitations. Despite the growth of this approach, limited evidence documents the effect of social franchising on improving health care quality and access. Objectives and Methods We examined peer-reviewed and grey literature to evaluate the effect of social franchising on health care quality, equity, cost-effectiveness, and health outcomes. We included all studies of clinical social franchise programs located in low- and middle-income countries. We assessed study bias using the WHO-Johns Hopkins Rigour Scale and used narrative synthesis to evaluate the findings. Results Of 113 identified articles, 23 were included in this review; these evaluated a small sample of franchises globally and focused on reproductive health franchises. Results varied widely across outcomes and programs. Social franchising was positively associated with increased client volume and client satisfaction. The findings on health care utilization and health impact were mixed; some studies find that franchises significantly outperform other models of health care, while others show franchises are equivalent to or worse than other private or public clinics. In two areas, cost-effectiveness and equity, social franchises were generally found to have poorer outcomes. Conclusions Our review indicates that social franchising may strengthen some elements of private sector health care. However, gaps in the evidence remain. Additional research should include: further documentation of the effect of social franchising, evaluating the equity and cost-effectiveness of this intervention, and assessing the role of franchising

A Sports Franchise Simulation Game

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Surdam, David G.

2009-01-01

Students in sports economics courses might better learn the basic concepts by running their own franchise. A simple game, based on the card game War, is easy and inexpensive to implement. Students quickly grasp the importance of weighing marginal benefits, both in terms of team record and marginal revenue, against the costs of improving their…

Private sector, human resources and health franchising in Africa.

PubMed Central

Prata, Ndola; Montagu, Dominic; Jefferys, Emma

2005-01-01

In much of the developing world, private health care providers and pharmacies are the most important sources of medicine and medical care and yet these providers are frequently not considered in planning for public health. This paper presents the available evidence, by socioeconomic status, on which strata of society benefit from publicly provided care and which strata use private health care. Using data from The World Bank's Health Nutrition and Population Poverty Thematic Reports on 22 countries in Africa, an assessment was made of the use of public and private health services, by asset quintile groups, for treatment of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections, proxies for publicly subsidized services. The evidence and theory on using franchise networks to supplement government programmes in the delivery of public health services was assessed. Examples from health franchises in Africa and Asia are provided to illustrate the potential for franchise systems to leverage private providers and so increase delivery-point availability for public-benefit services. We argue that based on the established demand for private medical services in Africa, these providers should be included in future planning on human resources for public health. Having explored the range of systems that have been tested for working with private providers, from contracting to vouchers to behavioural change and provider education, we conclude that franchising has the greatest potential for integration into large-scale programmes in Africa to address critical illnesses of public health importance. PMID:15868018

Private sector, human resources and health franchising in Africa.

PubMed

Prata, Ndola; Montagu, Dominic; Jefferys, Emma

2005-04-01

In much of the developing world, private health care providers and pharmacies are the most important sources of medicine and medical care and yet these providers are frequently not considered in planning for public health. This paper presents the available evidence, by socioeconomic status, on which strata of society benefit from publicly provided care and which strata use private health care. Using data from The World Bank's Health Nutrition and Population Poverty Thematic Reports on 22 countries in Africa, an assessment was made of the use of public and private health services, by asset quintile groups, for treatment of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections, proxies for publicly subsidized services. The evidence and theory on using franchise networks to supplement government programmes in the delivery of public health services was assessed. Examples from health franchises in Africa and Asia are provided to illustrate the potential for franchise systems to leverage private providers and so increase delivery-point availability for public-benefit services. We argue that based on the established demand for private medical services in Africa, these providers should be included in future planning on human resources for public health. Having explored the range of systems that have been tested for working with private providers, from contracting to vouchers to behavioural change and provider education, we conclude that franchising has the greatest potential for integration into large-scale programmes in Africa to address critical illnesses of public health importance.

Franchising Technology Education: Issues and Implications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daniel, Dan; Newcomer, Cynthia

1993-01-01

Describes educational technology franchises that sell services to students, either through schools or directly through retail centers, to educate them about and with technology. Topics addressed include the emphasis on personalized instruction; cooperative learning; curriculum; cost effectiveness; site-based management in public education; and…

Quality Assurance for Higher Education Franchising.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yorke, Mantz

1993-01-01

The practice of "franchising" higher education programs, or provision of educational programs through vendors, is examined as it occurs in the United Kingdom as a result of recent educational policy changes. A set of principles for assuring the quality of such programs is proposed. (MSE)

36 CFR 51.79 - May the Director waive payment of a franchise fee or other payments?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... payment of a franchise fee or other payments? 51.79 Section 51.79 Parks, Forests, and Public Property....79 May the Director waive payment of a franchise fee or other payments? The Director may not waive the concessioner's payment of a franchise fee or other payments or consideration required by a...

36 CFR 51.79 - May the Director waive payment of a franchise fee or other payments?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... payment of a franchise fee or other payments? 51.79 Section 51.79 Parks, Forests, and Public Property....79 May the Director waive payment of a franchise fee or other payments? The Director may not waive the concessioner's payment of a franchise fee or other payments or consideration required by a...

36 CFR 51.79 - May the Director waive payment of a franchise fee or other payments?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... payment of a franchise fee or other payments? 51.79 Section 51.79 Parks, Forests, and Public Property....79 May the Director waive payment of a franchise fee or other payments? The Director may not waive the concessioner's payment of a franchise fee or other payments or consideration required by a...

36 CFR 51.79 - May the Director waive payment of a franchise fee or other payments?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... payment of a franchise fee or other payments? 51.79 Section 51.79 Parks, Forests, and Public Property....79 May the Director waive payment of a franchise fee or other payments? The Director may not waive the concessioner's payment of a franchise fee or other payments or consideration required by a...

36 CFR 51.79 - May the Director waive payment of a franchise fee or other payments?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... payment of a franchise fee or other payments? 51.79 Section 51.79 Parks, Forests, and Public Property....79 May the Director waive payment of a franchise fee or other payments? The Director may not waive the concessioner's payment of a franchise fee or other payments or consideration required by a...

16 CFR Appendix D to Part 436 - Sample Item 20(3) Table-Status of Franchise Outlets

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Sample Item 20(3) Table-Status of Franchise Outlets D Appendix D to Part 436 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION TRADE REGULATION RULES... Item 20(3) Table—Status of Franchise Outlets Status of Franchise Outlets For years 2004 to 2006 Column...

16 CFR Appendix D to Part 436 - Sample Item 20(3) Table-Status of Franchise Outlets

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Sample Item 20(3) Table-Status of Franchise Outlets D Appendix D to Part 436 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION TRADE REGULATION RULES... Item 20(3) Table—Status of Franchise Outlets Status of Franchise Outlets For years 2004 to 2006 Column...

16 CFR Appendix D to Part 436 - Sample Item 20(3) Table-Status of Franchise Outlets

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Sample Item 20(3) Table-Status of Franchise Outlets D Appendix D to Part 436 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION TRADE REGULATION RULES... Item 20(3) Table—Status of Franchise Outlets Status of Franchise Outlets For years 2004 to 2006 Column...

16 CFR Appendix D to Part 436 - Sample Item 20(3) Table-Status of Franchise Outlets

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Sample Item 20(3) Table-Status of Franchise Outlets D Appendix D to Part 436 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION TRADE REGULATION RULES... Item 20(3) Table—Status of Franchise Outlets Status of Franchise Outlets For years 2004 to 2006 Column...

16 CFR Appendix D to Part 436 - Sample Item 20(3) Table-Status of Franchise Outlets

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Sample Item 20(3) Table-Status of Franchise Outlets D Appendix D to Part 436 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION TRADE REGULATION RULES... Item 20(3) Table—Status of Franchise Outlets Status of Franchise Outlets For years 2004 to 2006 Column...

Cable Television Franchise Provisions for Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Education Association, Washington, DC. Div. of Instruction and Professional Development.

The National Educational Association (NEA) makes recommendations on the services of franchised cable television stations to schools. The recommendations, in 20 areas, are then compared with existing Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations on each point. The recommendations include: a minimum of at least one educational access channel…

Honey Do Franchising Group, Inc. Information Sheet

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Honey Do Franchising Group, Inc., a/k/a The Honey Do Service, Inc. (the Company) is located in Bristol, Virginia. The settlement involves renovation activities conducted at properties constructed prior to 1978, located in Bristol, Virginia.

The Regional Special Operations Headquarters: Franchising the NATO Model as a Hedge in Lean Times

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-01

1 AIR FORCE FELLOWS AIR UNIVERSITY THE REGIONAL SPECIAL OPERATIONS HEADQUARTERS: FRANCHISING THE NATO MODEL AS A HEDGE IN LEAN...Headquarters: Franchising The NATO Model As A Hedge In Lean Times 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d...it is not copyrighted, but is the property of the United States government. 3 The Regional Special Operations Headquarters: Franchising the

Social franchising primary healthcare clinics--a model for South African National Health Insurance?

PubMed

Robinson, Andrew Ken Lacey

2015-09-21

This article describes the first government social franchise initiative in the world to deliver a 'brand' of quality primary healthcare (PHC) clinic services. Quality and standards of care are not uniformly and reliably delivered across government PHC clinics in North West Province, South Africa, despite government support, numerous policies, guidelines and in-service training sessions provided to staff. Currently the strongest predictor of good-quality service is the skill and dedication of the facility manager. A project utilising the social franchising business model, harvesting best practices, has been implemented with the aim of developing a system to ensure reliably excellent healthcare service provision in every facility in North West. The services of social franchising consultants have been procured to develop the business model to drive this initiative. Best practices have been benchmarked, and policies, guidelines and clinic support systems have been reviewed, evaluated and assessed, and incorporated into the business plan. A pilot clinic has been selected to refine and develop a working social franchise model. This will then be replicated in one clinic to confirm proof of concept before further scale-up. The social franchise business model can provide solutions to a reliable and recognisable 'brand' of quality universal coverage of healthcare services.

36 CFR 51.80 - How will the Director establish franchise fees for multiple outfitter and guide concession...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... establish franchise fees for multiple outfitter and guide concession contracts in the same park area? 51.80... CONCESSION CONTRACTS Concession Contract Provisions § 51.80 How will the Director establish franchise fees... resource within a single park area, the Director will establish franchise fees for those concession...

36 CFR 51.80 - How will the Director establish franchise fees for multiple outfitter and guide concession...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... establish franchise fees for multiple outfitter and guide concession contracts in the same park area? 51.80... CONCESSION CONTRACTS Concession Contract Provisions § 51.80 How will the Director establish franchise fees... resource within a single park area, the Director will establish franchise fees for those concession...

36 CFR 51.80 - How will the Director establish franchise fees for multiple outfitter and guide concession...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... establish franchise fees for multiple outfitter and guide concession contracts in the same park area? 51.80... CONCESSION CONTRACTS Concession Contract Provisions § 51.80 How will the Director establish franchise fees... resource within a single park area, the Director will establish franchise fees for those concession...

36 CFR 51.80 - How will the Director establish franchise fees for multiple outfitter and guide concession...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... establish franchise fees for multiple outfitter and guide concession contracts in the same park area? 51.80... CONCESSION CONTRACTS Concession Contract Provisions § 51.80 How will the Director establish franchise fees... resource within a single park area, the Director will establish franchise fees for those concession...

36 CFR 51.80 - How will the Director establish franchise fees for multiple outfitter and guide concession...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... establish franchise fees for multiple outfitter and guide concession contracts in the same park area? 51.80... CONCESSION CONTRACTS Concession Contract Provisions § 51.80 How will the Director establish franchise fees... resource within a single park area, the Director will establish franchise fees for those concession...

Private sector delivery of health services in developing countries: a mixed-methods study on quality assurance in social franchises.

PubMed

Schlein, Karen; De La Cruz, Anna York; Gopalakrishnan, Tisha; Montagu, Dominic

2013-01-03

Across the developing world health care services are most often delivered in the private sector and social franchising has emerged, over the past decade, as an increasingly popular method of private sector health care delivery. Social franchising aims to strengthen business practices through economies of scale: branding clinics and purchasing drugs in bulk at wholesale prices. While quality is one of the established goals of social franchising, there is no published documentation of how quality levels might be set in the context of franchised private providers, nor what quality assurance measures can or should exist within social franchises. The aim of this study was to better understand the quality assurance systems currently utilized in social franchises, and to determine if there are shared standards for practice or quality outcomes that exist across programs. The study included three data sources and levels of investigation: 1) Self-reported program data; 2) Scoping telephone interviews; and 3) In-depth field interviews and clinic visits. Social Franchises conceive of quality assurance not as an independent activity, but rather as a goal that is incorporated into all areas of franchise operations, including recruitment, training, monitoring of provider performance, monitoring of client experience and the provision of feedback. These findings are the first evidence to support the 2002 conceptual model of social franchising which proposed that the assurance of quality was one of the three core goals of all social franchises. However, while quality is important to franchise programs, quality assurance systems overall are not reflective of the evidence to-date on quality measurement or quality improvement best practices. Future research in this area is needed to better understand the details of quality assurance systems as applied in social franchise programs, the process by which quality assurance becomes a part of the organizational culture, and the components of

Private sector delivery of health services in developing countries: a mixed-methods study on quality assurance in social franchises

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Across the developing world health care services are most often delivered in the private sector and social franchising has emerged, over the past decade, as an increasingly popular method of private sector health care delivery. Social franchising aims to strengthen business practices through economies of scale: branding clinics and purchasing drugs in bulk at wholesale prices. While quality is one of the established goals of social franchising, there is no published documentation of how quality levels might be set in the context of franchised private providers, nor what quality assurance measures can or should exist within social franchises. The aim of this study was to better understand the quality assurance systems currently utilized in social franchises, and to determine if there are shared standards for practice or quality outcomes that exist across programs. Methods The study included three data sources and levels of investigation: 1) Self-reported program data; 2) Scoping telephone interviews; and 3) In-depth field interviews and clinic visits. Results Social Franchises conceive of quality assurance not as an independent activity, but rather as a goal that is incorporated into all areas of franchise operations, including recruitment, training, monitoring of provider performance, monitoring of client experience and the provision of feedback. Conclusions These findings are the first evidence to support the 2002 conceptual model of social franchising which proposed that the assurance of quality was one of the three core goals of all social franchises. However, while quality is important to franchise programs, quality assurance systems overall are not reflective of the evidence to-date on quality measurement or quality improvement best practices. Future research in this area is needed to better understand the details of quality assurance systems as applied in social franchise programs, the process by which quality assurance becomes a part of the

Franchise Agreements and Clean Energy: Issues in Illinois

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This project evaluates the impact on energy efficiency of municipal franchise agreements that supply electricity or gas service without a direct charge (unbilled energy) for certain municipal government facilities in Illinois.)

47 CFR 76.925 - Costs of franchise requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Rate Regulation § 76.925 Costs of franchise requirements... standards; (4) Costs of institutional networks and the provision of video services, voice transmissions and...

47 CFR 76.944 - Commission review of franchising authority decisions on rates for the basic service tier and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Commission review of franchising authority... CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Rate Regulation § 76.944 Commission review of franchising authority... forum for appeals of decisions by franchising authorities on rates for the basic service tier or...

Buying time: Franchising hazardous and nuclear waste cleanup

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hale, D.R.

This paper describes a private franchise approach to long-term custodial care, monitoring and eventual cleanup of hazardous and nuclear waste sites. The franchise concept could be applied to Superfund sites, decommissioning commercial reactors and safeguarding their wastes and to Department of Energy sites. Privatization would reduce costs by enforcing efficient operations and capital investments during the containment period, by providing incentives for successful innovation and by sustaining containment until the cleanup`s net benefits exceed its costs. The franchise system would also permit local governments and citizens to demand and pay for more risk reduction than provided by the federal government.more » In principle, they would have the option of taking over site management. The major political drawback of the idea is that it requires society to be explicit about what it is willing to pay for now to protect current and future generations. Hazardous waste sites are enduring legacies of energy development. Abandoned mines, closed refineries, underground storage tanks and nuclear facilities have often become threats to human health and water quality. The policy of the United States government is that such sites should quickly be made nonpolluting and safe for unrestricted use. That is, the policy of the United States is prompt cleanup. Orphaned commercial hazardous waste sites are addressed by the US Environmental Protection Agency`s Superfund program. 17 refs., 2 tabs.« less

Are social franchises contributing to universal access to reproductive health services in low-income countries?

PubMed

Sundari Ravindran, T K; Fonn, Sharon

2011-11-01

A social franchise in health is a network of for-profit private health practitioners linked through contracts to provide socially beneficial services under a common brand. The early 21st century has seen considerable donor enthusiasm for promoting social franchises for the provision of reproductive health services. Based on a compendium of descriptive information on 45 clinical social franchises, located in 27 countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America, this paper examines their contribution to universal access to comprehensive reproductive health services. It finds that these franchises have not widened the range of reproductive health services, but have mainly focused on contraceptive services, and to a lesser extent, maternal health care and abortion. In many instances, coverage had not been extended to new areas. Measures taken to ensure sustainability ran counter to the objective of access for low-income groups. In almost two-thirds of the franchises, the full cost of all services had to be paid out of pocket and was unaffordable for low-income women. While standards and protocols for quality assurance were in place in all franchises, evidence on adherence to these was limited. Informal interviews with patients indicated satisfaction with services. However, factors such as difficulties in recruiting franchisees and significant attrition, franchisees' inability to attend training programmes, use of lay health workers to deliver services without support or supervision, and logistical problems with applying quality assurance tools, all raise concerns. The contribution of social franchises to universal access to reproductive health services appears to be uncertain. Continued investment in them for the provision of reproductive health services does not appear to be justified until and unless further evidence of their value is forthcoming. Copyright © 2011 Reproductive Health Matters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Reaching youth through franchise clinics: assessment of Kenyan private sector involvement in youth services.

PubMed

Decker, Martha; Montagu, Dominic

2007-03-01

This paper evaluates the ability of social franchise programs, which use private providers to offer reproductive health services, to provide services to youth in western Kenya. Although franchise clinics have rarely targeted youth, they appear to offer a viable alternative for providing reproductive health services to this age group.

The Golden Arches Meet the Hallowed Halls: Franchise Law and the Law School Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, Danaya

1995-01-01

A law school course in franchise law focuses on how various legal issues and categories interact within the context of the narrowly defined business relationship of a franchise. Four major topics included federal and state disclosure regulations, trademarks and service marks, common law contract issues, and antitrust law. Class exercises included…

Tacit Knowledge Barriers in Franchising: Practical Solutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cumberland, Denise; Githens, Rod

2012-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify barriers that hinder tacit knowledge transfer in a franchise environment and offer a compendium of solutions that encourage franchisees and franchisors to leverage tacit knowledge as a resource for competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing from the research on franchise…

A Word to the Wise: Study That Franchise

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Achtenburg, Ben

1972-01-01

Suggests that in deciding what should be written into the franchise of cable television and to whom it should be given, local groups can have their first and perhaps greatest influence over the way cable will affect their community. (JM)

Changes in perceptions of quality of, and access to, services among clients of a fractional franchise network in Nepal.

PubMed

Agha, Sohail; Gage, Anastasia; Balal, Asma

2007-05-01

With declining levels of international donor funding for financing reproductive health programmes, developing country governments and international donors are looking towards private sector strategies to expand the supply of quality reproductive health services. One of the challenges of a health franchise is to improve the quality of services provided by independent private practitioners. Private providers are more likely to abide by the quality standards set by a franchiser if they see a financial benefit resulting from franchise participation. This study was conducted to measure whether (a) there were improvements in perceived quality of care and perceived access to health facilities once these facilities became part of a franchise and (b) improvements in perceived quality and perceived access were associated with increased client loyalty to franchised clinics. Franchisees were given basic reproductive health training for seven days and services marketing training for two days. Exit interviews were conducted with male and female clients at health facilities. A pre-test measurement was taken in April 2001, prior to the start of project activities. A post-test measurement was taken in February/March 2002, about 9 months after the pre-test. Multilevel regression analysis, which takes the hierarchical structure of the data into account, was used for the analysis. After taking provider-level variation into account and controlling for client characteristics, the analyses showed significant improvements in perceived quality of care and perceived access to services. Private provider participation in a franchise network helps improve client perceptions of quality of, and access to, services. Improvements in client perceptions of quality and access contribute to increased client loyalty to franchised clinics. Once increased client loyalty translates into higher client volumes, providers are likely to see the benefits of franchise participation. In turn, this should lead to

Effect Of A Large-Scale Social Franchising And Telemedicine Program On Childhood Diarrhea And Pneumonia Outcomes In India.

PubMed

Mohanan, Manoj; Babiarz, Kimberly S; Goldhaber-Fiebert, Jeremy D; Miller, Grant; Vera-Hernández, Marcos

2016-10-01

Despite the rapid growth of social franchising, there is little evidence on its population impact in the health sector. Similar in many ways to private-sector commercial franchising, social franchising can be found in sectors with a social objective, such as health care. This article evaluates the World Health Partners (WHP) Sky program, a large-scale social franchising and telemedicine program in Bihar, India. We studied appropriate treatment for childhood diarrhea and pneumonia and associated health care outcomes. We used multivariate difference-in-differences models to analyze data on 67,950 children ages five and under in 2011 and 2014. We found that the WHP-Sky program did not improve rates of appropriate treatment or disease prevalence. Both provider participation and service use among target populations were low. Our results do not imply that social franchising cannot succeed; instead, they underscore the importance of understanding factors that explain variation in the performance of social franchises. Our findings also highlight, for donors and governments in particular, the importance of conducting rigorous impact evaluations of new and potentially innovative health care delivery programs before investing in scaling them up. Published by Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

Increasing family planning in Myanmar: the role of the private sector and social franchise programs.

PubMed

Aung, Tin; Hom, Nang Mo; Sudhinaraset, May

2017-07-01

This study examines the influence of clinical social franchise program on modern contraceptive use. This was a cross-sectional survey of contraceptive use among 2390 currently married women across 25 townships in Myanmar in 2014. Social franchise program measures were from programmatic records. Multivariable models show that women who lived in communities with at least 1-5 years of a clinical social franchise intrauterine device (IUD) program had 4.770 higher odds of using a modern contraceptive method compared to women living in communities with no IUD program [CI: 3.739-6.084]. Townships where the reproductive health program had existed for at least 10 years had 1.428 higher odds of reporting modern method use compared to women living in townships where the programs had existed for less than 10 years [CI: 1.016-2.008]. This study found consistent and robust evidence for an increase in family planning methods over program duration as well as intensity of social franchise programs.

Franchise Fees and Public, Educational and Government (PEG) Access. Report to the Minnesota Legislature.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Minnesota State Dept. of Public Service, St. Paul. Energy Div.

Franchise fees are a tax imposed on a private entity to compensate a municipality for use of a public property for private gain. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 grants municipalities the right to assess a 5% franchise fee to both cable companies and competitors of cable companies, such as operators of open video systems. The Minnesota State…

Franchise competition in the electric utility industry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vince, C.A.; Fogel, J.C.

Franchise competition is - and should be - an integral part of enhanced competition. It serves the traditional goal of encouraging lower costs through the threat of takeover or purchase. However, the issue of utility recovery for stranded costs stands as a major unresolved question affecting customers` ability to partake of this central aspect of competition.

Establishing and Scaling-Up Clinical Social Franchise Networks: Lessons Learned From Marie Stopes International and Population Services International

PubMed Central

Thurston, Sarah; Chakraborty, Nirali M; Hayes, Brendan; Mackay, Anna; Moon, Pierre

2015-01-01

In many low- and middle-income countries, a majority of people seek health care from the private sector. However, fragmentation, poor economies of scale, inadequate financing, political opposition, a bias toward curative services, and weak regulatory and quality control systems pose serious challenges for the private sector. Social franchising addresses a number of these challenges by organizing small, independent health care businesses into quality-assured networks. Global franchisors Marie Stopes International (MSI) and Population Services International (PSI) have rapidly scaled their family planning social franchising programs in recent years, jointly delivering over 10.8 million couple-years of protection (CYPs) in 2014—up 26% from 8.6 million CYPs just 1 year prior. Drawing on experience across MSI’s 17 and PSI’s 25 social franchise networks across Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean, this article documents the organizations’ operational approaches, challenges faced, and solutions implemented. The organizations provide intensive capacity building and support for private-sector providers, including clinical training, branding, monitoring quality of franchised services, and commodity support. In addition, franchising programs engage providers and clients through behavior change communication (BCC) and demand generation activities to raise awareness and to attract clients, and they implement initiatives to ensure services are affordable for the lowest-income clients. Social franchise programs offer the private sector a collective platform to better engage government in health policy advocacy and for integrating into new public health care financing and procurement mechanisms. The future of social franchising will require developing approaches to scale-up and sustain the model cost-effectively, selectively integrating other health services into the franchise package, and being responsive to evolving health care financing approaches with the

Big Bucks or Big Problems: The Implications of the Franchise Learning Centers for Reading Professionals.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stahl, Norman A.

1987-01-01

Because the mass marketing of educational support services through franchised reading clinics is growing on a daily basis, both reading specialists and reading supervisors need to become aware of the growth of this industry and of its implications for the educational system. Primary forces in the franchising movement, Sylvan Learning Corporation,…

The North African Franchise: AQIM’s Threat to U.S. Security. Strategic Insights, Volume 8, Issue 5

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

The North African Franchise : AQIM’s Threat to U.S. Security Strategic Insights, Volume VIII, Issue 5 (December 2009) By Captain Russell J. Isaacs...the U.S. Government. Abstract Al Qaeda of the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) is a growing and evolving North African franchise of Al Qaeda. While the group...in towns east of Algiers. Although this attack officially marked the emergence of Al Qaeda of the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), a North African franchise

Protocol for the evaluation of a social franchising model to improve maternal health in Uttar Pradesh, India.

PubMed

Pereira, Shreya K; Kumar, Paresh; Dutt, Varun; Haldar, Kaveri; Penn-Kekana, Loveday; Santos, Andreia; Powell-Jackson, Timothy

2015-05-26

Social franchising is the fastest growing market-based approach to organising and improving the quality of care in the private sector of low- and middle-income countries, but there is limited evidence on its impact and cost-effectiveness. The "Sky" social franchise model was introduced in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh in late 2013. Difference-in-difference methods will be used to estimate the impact of the social franchise programme on the quality and coverage of health services along the continuum of care for reproductive, maternal and newborn health. Comparison clusters will be selected to be as similar as possible to intervention clusters using nearest neighbour matching methods. Two rounds of data will be collected from a household survey of 3600 women with a birth in the last 2 years and a survey of 450 health providers in the same localities. To capture the full range of effects, 59 study outcomes have been specified and then grouped into conceptually similar domains. Methods to account for multiple inferences will be used based on the pre-specified grouping of outcomes. A process evaluation will seek to understand the scale of the social franchise network, the extent to which various components of the programme are implemented and how impacts are achieved. An economic evaluation will measure the costs of setting up, maintaining and running the social franchise as well as the cost-effectiveness and financial sustainability of the programme. There is a dearth of evidence demonstrating whether market-based approaches such as social franchising can improve care in the private sector. This evaluation will provide rigorous evidence on whether an innovative model of social franchising can contribute to better population health in a low-income setting.

16 CFR Appendix C to Part 436 - Sample Item 20(2) Table-Transfers of Franchised Outlets

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Sample Item 20(2) Table-Transfers of Franchised Outlets C Appendix C to Part 436 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION TRADE REGULATION RULES DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS AND PROHIBITIONS CONCERNING FRANCHISING Pt. 436, App. C Appendix C to Part...

16 CFR Appendix F to Part 436 - Sample Item 20(5) Table-Projected New Franchised Outlets

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Sample Item 20(5) Table-Projected New Franchised Outlets F Appendix F to Part 436 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION TRADE REGULATION RULES DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS AND PROHIBITIONS CONCERNING FRANCHISING Pt. 436, App. F Appendix F to Part...

16 CFR Appendix C to Part 436 - Sample Item 20(2) Table-Transfers of Franchised Outlets

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Sample Item 20(2) Table-Transfers of Franchised Outlets C Appendix C to Part 436 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION TRADE REGULATION RULES DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS AND PROHIBITIONS CONCERNING FRANCHISING Pt. 436, App. C Appendix C to Part...

16 CFR Appendix C to Part 436 - Sample Item 20(2) Table-Transfers of Franchised Outlets

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Sample Item 20(2) Table-Transfers of Franchised Outlets C Appendix C to Part 436 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION TRADE REGULATION RULES DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS AND PROHIBITIONS CONCERNING FRANCHISING Pt. 436, App. C Appendix C to Part...

16 CFR Appendix C to Part 436 - Sample Item 20(2) Table-Transfers of Franchised Outlets

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Sample Item 20(2) Table-Transfers of Franchised Outlets C Appendix C to Part 436 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION TRADE REGULATION RULES DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS AND PROHIBITIONS CONCERNING FRANCHISING Pt. 436, App. C Appendix C to Part...

Establishing and Scaling-Up Clinical Social Franchise Networks: Lessons Learned From Marie Stopes International and Population Services International.

PubMed

Thurston, Sarah; Chakraborty, Nirali M; Hayes, Brendan; Mackay, Anna; Moon, Pierre

2015-06-17

In many low- and middle-income countries, a majority of people seek health care from the private sector. However, fragmentation, poor economies of scale, inadequate financing, political opposition, a bias toward curative services, and weak regulatory and quality control systems pose serious challenges for the private sector. Social franchising addresses a number of these challenges by organizing small, independent health care businesses into quality-assured networks. Global franchisors Marie Stopes International (MSI) and Population Services International (PSI) have rapidly scaled their family planning social franchising programs in recent years, jointly delivering over 10.8 million couple-years of protection (CYPs) in 2014-up 26% from 8.6 million CYPs just 1 year prior. Drawing on experience across MSI's 17 and PSI's 25 social franchise networks across Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean, this article documents the organizations' operational approaches, challenges faced, and solutions implemented. The organizations provide intensive capacity building and support for private-sector providers, including clinical training, branding, monitoring quality of franchised services, and commodity support. In addition, franchising programs engage providers and clients through behavior change communication (BCC) and demand generation activities to raise awareness and to attract clients, and they implement initiatives to ensure services are affordable for the lowest-income clients. Social franchise programs offer the private sector a collective platform to better engage government in health policy advocacy and for integrating into new public health care financing and procurement mechanisms. The future of social franchising will require developing approaches to scale-up and sustain the model cost-effectively, selectively integrating other health services into the franchise package, and being responsive to evolving health care financing approaches with the potential

From Franchise to Programming: Jobs in Cable Television.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stanton, Michael

1985-01-01

This article takes a look at some of the key jobs at every level of the cable industry. It discusses winning a franchise, building and running the system, and programing and production. Job descriptions include engineer, market analyst, programers, financial analysts, strand mappers, customer service representatives, access coordinator, and studio…

The Franchising of Private Tutoring: A View from Canada

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davies, Scott; Aurini, Janice

2006-01-01

Private tutoring is a growing industry that is being transformed by an evolution from "shadow education" provision into "learning center" franchises. Traditional shadow educators closely follow the school curriculum, offering short-term homework help and test preparation. Learning centers develop their own curricular and…

Creating advantages with franchising in healthcare: an explorative mixed methods study on the role of the relationship between the franchisor and units.

PubMed

Nijmeijer, Karlijn Jojanneke; Fabbricotti, Isabelle Natalina; Huijsman, Robbert

2015-01-01

Franchising is a promising and increasingly used organizational form to improve strategic, organizational, professional and client-related results in healthcare. However, evidence is scarce regarding how franchises should be operated to actualize such results. This paper aimed to explore the association between the results achieved by healthcare franchises and the working relationships among actors in these franchises. A sequential mixed methods approach was used to obtain both in-depth and broader quantifiable insights into a little-investigated phenomenon. We first employed a qualitative multiple embedded case study. Data were collected through observations, document analyses, and 96 in-depth semi-structured interviews in three Dutch healthcare franchises. Within-case and cross-case comparative analyses were conducted. Subsequently, a cross-sectional survey was developed based on the qualitative study and disseminated among 19 healthcare franchises. 40 franchisors and 346 unit actors filled in the questionnaire. It seems important to have open, committed, cooperative franchise relationships in which professional franchisees and unit managers feel and trust that they have the opportunity to introduce ideas and articulate their needs to the franchisor. Such relationships help ensure satisfaction, survival, and quality of care, because they serve to foster synergy realization and local fit and prevent reinventing the wheel and professional resistance.

Creating Advantages with Franchising in Healthcare: An Explorative Mixed Methods Study on the Role of the Relationship between the Franchisor and Units

PubMed Central

Nijmeijer, Karlijn Jojanneke; Fabbricotti, Isabelle Natalina; Huijsman, Robbert

2015-01-01

Background Franchising is a promising and increasingly used organizational form to improve strategic, organizational, professional and client-related results in healthcare. However, evidence is scarce regarding how franchises should be operated to actualize such results. This paper aimed to explore the association between the results achieved by healthcare franchises and the working relationships among actors in these franchises. Methods A sequential mixed methods approach was used to obtain both in-depth and broader quantifiable insights into a little-investigated phenomenon. We first employed a qualitative multiple embedded case study. Data were collected through observations, document analyses, and 96 in-depth semi-structured interviews in three Dutch healthcare franchises. Within-case and cross-case comparative analyses were conducted. Subsequently, a cross-sectional survey was developed based on the qualitative study and disseminated among 19 healthcare franchises. 40 franchisors and 346 unit actors filled in the questionnaire. Findings It seems important to have open, committed, cooperative franchise relationships in which professional franchisees and unit managers feel and trust that they have the opportunity to introduce ideas and articulate their needs to the franchisor. Such relationships help ensure satisfaction, survival, and quality of care, because they serve to foster synergy realization and local fit and prevent reinventing the wheel and professional resistance. PMID:25664581

Law & Order, CSI, and NCIS: The Association Between Exposure to Crime Drama Franchises, Rape Myth Acceptance, and Sexual Consent Negotiation Among College Students.

PubMed

Hust, Stacey J T; Marett, Emily Garrigues; Lei, Ming; Ren, Chunbo; Ran, Weina

2015-01-01

Previous research has identified that exposure to the crime drama genre lowers rape myth acceptance and increases sexual assault prevention behaviors such as bystander intervention. However, recent content analyses have revealed marked differences in the portrayal of sexual violence within the top three crime drama franchises. Using a survey of 313 college freshmen, this study explores the influence of exposure to the three most popular crime drama franchises: Law & Order, CSI, and NCIS. Findings indicate that exposure to the Law & Order franchise is associated with decreased rape myth acceptance and increased intentions to adhere to expressions of sexual consent and refuse unwanted sexual activity; whereas exposure to the CSI franchise is associated with decreased intentions to seek consent and decreased intentions to adhere to expressions of sexual consent. Exposure to the NCIS franchise was associated with decreased intentions to refuse unwanted sexual activity. These results indicate that exposure to the specific content of each crime drama franchise may have differential results on sexual consent negotiation behaviors.

Applying the disability-adjusted life year to track health impact of social franchise programs in low- and middle-income countries

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Developing effective methods for measuring the health impact of social franchising programs is vital for demonstrating the value of this innovative service delivery model, particularly given its rapid expansion worldwide. Currently, these programs define success through patient volume and number of outlets, widely acknowledged as poor reflections of true program impact. An existing metric, the disability-adjusted life years averted (DALYs averted), offers promise as a measure of projected impact. Country-specific and service-specific, DALYs averted enables impact comparisons between programs operating in different contexts. This study explores the use of DALYs averted as a social franchise performance metric. Methods Using data collected by the Social Franchising Compendia in 2010 and 2011, we compared franchise performance, analyzing by region and program area. Coefficients produced by Population Services International converted each franchise's service delivery data into DALYs averted. For the 32 networks with two years of data corresponding to these metrics, a paired t-test compared all metrics. Finally, to test data reporting quality, we compared services provided to patient volume. Results Social franchising programs grew considerably from 2010 to 2011, measured by services provided (215%), patient volume (31%), and impact (couple-years of protection (CYPs): 86% and DALYs averted: 519%), but not by the total number of outlets. Non-family planning services increased by 857%, with diversification centered in Asia and Africa. However, paired t-test comparisons showed no significant increase within the networks, whether categorized as family planning or non-family planning. The ratio of services provided to patient visits yielded considerable range, with one network reporting a ratio of 16,000:1. Conclusion In theory, the DALYs averted metric is a more robust and comprehensive metric for social franchising than current program measures. As social

Applying the disability-adjusted life year to track health impact of social franchise programs in low- and middle-income countries.

PubMed

Montagu, Dominic; Ngamkitpaiboon, Lek; Duvall, Susan; Ratcliffe, Amy

2013-01-01

Developing effective methods for measuring the health impact of social franchising programs is vital for demonstrating the value of this innovative service delivery model, particularly given its rapid expansion worldwide. Currently, these programs define success through patient volume and number of outlets, widely acknowledged as poor reflections of true program impact. An existing metric, the disability-adjusted life years averted (DALYs averted), offers promise as a measure of projected impact. Country-specific and service-specific, DALYs averted enables impact comparisons between programs operating in different contexts. This study explores the use of DALYs averted as a social franchise performance metric. Using data collected by the Social Franchising Compendia in 2010 and 2011, we compared franchise performance, analyzing by region and program area. Coefficients produced by Population Services International converted each franchise's service delivery data into DALYs averted. For the 32 networks with two years of data corresponding to these metrics, a paired t-test compared all metrics. Finally, to test data reporting quality, we compared services provided to patient volume. Social franchising programs grew considerably from 2010 to 2011, measured by services provided (215%), patient volume (31%), and impact (couple-years of protection (CYPs): 86% and DALYs averted: 519%), but not by the total number of outlets. Non-family planning services increased by 857%, with diversification centered in Asia and Africa. However, paired t-test comparisons showed no significant increase within the networks, whether categorized as family planning or non-family planning. The ratio of services provided to patient visits yielded considerable range, with one network reporting a ratio of 16,000:1. In theory, the DALYs averted metric is a more robust and comprehensive metric for social franchising than current program measures. As social franchising spreads beyond family planning

The cost of service quality improvements: tracking the flow of funds in social franchise networks in Myanmar

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Introduction This paper examines the cost of quality improvements in Population Services International (PSI) Myanmar’s social franchise operations from 2007 to 2009. Methods The social franchise commodities studied were products for reproductive health, malaria, STIs, pneumonia, and diarrhea. This project applied ingredients based costing for labor, supplies, transport, and overhead. Data were gathered seven during key informant interviews with staff in the central Yangon office, examination of 3 years of payroll data, examination of a time motion study conducted by PSI, and spreadsheets recording the costs of acquiring and transporting supplies. Results In 2009 PSI Myanmar’s social franchise devoted $2.02 million towards a 94% reduction in commodity prices offered to its network of over 1700 primary care providers. These providers retained 1/3 of the subsidy as revenue and passed along the other 2/3 to their patients in the course of offering subsidized care for 1.5 million health episodes. In addition, PSI Myanmar devoted $2.09 million to support a team of franchise officers who conducted quality assurance for the private providers overseeing service quality and to distributing medical commodities. Conclusion In Myanmar, the social franchise operated by PSI spends roughly $1.00 in quality management and retailing for every $1.00 spent subsidizing medical commodities. Some services are free, but patients also pay fees for other lines of service. Overall patients contribute 1/6 as much as PSI does. Unlike other NGO’s, health services in social franchises like PSI are not all free to the patients, nor are the discounts uniformly applied. Discounts and subsidies evolve in response to public health concerns, market demand, providers’ cost structures as well as strategic objectives in maintaining the network and its portfolio of services. PMID:23826743

The cost of service quality improvements: tracking the flow of funds in social franchise networks in Myanmar.

PubMed

Bishai, David; LeFevre, Amnesty; Theuss, Marc; Boxshall, Matt; Hetherington, John D; Zaw, Min; Montagu, Dominic

2013-01-01

This paper examines the cost of quality improvements in Population Services International (PSI) Myanmar's social franchise operations from 2007 to 2009. The social franchise commodities studied were products for reproductive health, malaria, STIs, pneumonia, and diarrhea. This project applied ingredients based costing for labor, supplies, transport, and overhead. Data were gathered seven during key informant interviews with staff in the central Yangon office, examination of 3 years of payroll data, examination of a time motion study conducted by PSI, and spreadsheets recording the costs of acquiring and transporting supplies. In 2009 PSI Myanmar's social franchise devoted $2.02 million towards a 94% reduction in commodity prices offered to its network of over 1700 primary care providers. These providers retained 1/3 of the subsidy as revenue and passed along the other 2/3 to their patients in the course of offering subsidized care for 1.5 million health episodes. In addition, PSI Myanmar devoted $2.09 million to support a team of franchise officers who conducted quality assurance for the private providers overseeing service quality and to distributing medical commodities. In Myanmar, the social franchise operated by PSI spends roughly $1.00 in quality management and retailing for every $1.00 spent subsidizing medical commodities. Some services are free, but patients also pay fees for other lines of service. Overall patients contribute 1/6 as much as PSI does. Unlike other NGO's, health services in social franchises like PSI are not all free to the patients, nor are the discounts uniformly applied. Discounts and subsidies evolve in response to public health concerns, market demand, providers' cost structures as well as strategic objectives in maintaining the network and its portfolio of services.

Cable Television: Technical Considerations in Franchising Major Market Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pilnick, Carl

The 1972 Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) regulations on cable television were intended to assist the penetration of cable television into the large metropolitan regions of the United States. In these major market areas, the task for developing an appropriate franchise is complicated by the changing functional nature of the cable systems…

Higher Education in Further Education Colleges: Indirectly Funded Partnerships: Codes of Practice for Franchise and Consortia Arrangements. Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Higher Education Funding Council for England, Bristol.

This report provides codes of practice for two types of indirectly funded partnerships entered into by higher education institutions and further education sector colleges: franchises and consortia. The codes of practice set out guidance on the principles that should be reflected in the franchise and consortia agreements that underpin indirectly…

The impact of a reproductive health franchise on client satisfaction in rural Nepal.

PubMed

Agha, Sohail; Karim, Ali Mehryar; Balal, Asma; Sosler, Steve

2007-09-01

This study evaluates the impact of a nurse and paramedic reproductive health franchise in rural Nepal on client satisfaction and utilization of services. A quasi-experimental study design, with baseline and follow-up measurements on nonequivalent control groups, was used to assess the effects of the intervention. The study collected data from exit interviews with male and female clients at clinics and from household interviews with married women. Our assessment covers the project's performance for about a year of actual implementation. Client satisfaction with the quality of services increased across a range of indicators at intervention clinics but not at control clinics. Overall satisfaction with services also increased only at intervention clinics but not at control clinics. Consistent with these changes, loyalty increased among clients of franchised clinics. The analysis showed a positive relationship between client satisfaction and loyalty. Although the project's implementation was examined over a relatively short period of time, there appears to have been a net positive effect of the intervention on obtaining family planning products from medical stores/pharmacies. The study shows that franchising reproductive health services increases a provider's interest in delivering better quality services in rural areas of a developing country.

Transnational Degree Program Franchising and the Challenge of Commercial Franchisees

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Juusola, Katariina; Rensimer, Lee

2018-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the interrelationship of branding practices and legitimacy-building of commercial degree program franchising within transnational higher education (TNHE). It aims to understand how commercial franchisees' branding practices employ discursive and symbolic strategies for building legitimacy, and how…

A Critical Look At South Dakota Cable TV Franchising.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williamson, Rick P.

An examination of the present status and future potential of cable television (CATV) in South Dakota is conducted. Chapter 1 offers a brief introduction to cable in the State and Chapter 2 discusses the value of CATV to South Dakota. The next Chapter presents a State plan for communications and the fourth deals with the subject of franchising. The…

Why Do English Universities "Really" Franchise Degrees to Overseas Providers?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Healey, Nigel

2013-01-01

Franchising degrees to overseas providers, normally for-profit private companies, has become big business for English universities. The latest data from the Higher Education Statistics Agency reveal that there are now more international students registered for the awards of English higher education institutions that are studying wholly offshore…

Program impact pathway analysis of a social franchise model shows potential to improve infant and young child feeding practices in Vietnam.

PubMed

Nguyen, Phuong H; Menon, Purnima; Keithly, Sarah C; Kim, Sunny S; Hajeebhoy, Nemat; Tran, Lan M; Ruel, Marie T; Rawat, Rahul

2014-10-01

By mapping the mechanisms through which interventions are expected to achieve impact, program impact pathway (PIP) analysis lays out the theoretical causal links between program activities, outcomes, and impacts. This study examines the pathways through which the Alive & Thrive (A&T) social franchise model is intended to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in Vietnam. Mixed methods were used, including qualitative interviews with franchise management board members (n = 12), surveys with health providers (n = 120), counseling observations (n = 160), and household surveys (n = 2045). Six PIP components were assessed: 1) franchise management, 2) training and IYCF knowledge of health providers, 3) service delivery, 4) program exposure and utilization, 5) maternal behavioral determinants (knowledge, beliefs, and intentions) toward optimal IYCF practices, and 6) IYCF practices. Data were collected from A&T-intensive areas (A&T-I; mass media + social franchise) and A&T-nonintensive areas (A&T-NI; mass media only) by using a cluster-randomized controlled trial design. Data from 2013 were compared with baseline where similar measures were available. Results indicate that mechanisms are in place for effective management of the franchise system, despite challenges to routine monitoring. A&T training was associated with increased capacity of providers, resulting in higher-quality IYCF counseling (greater technical knowledge and communication skills during counseling) in A&T-I areas. Franchise utilization increased from 10% in 2012 to 45% in 2013 but fell below the expected frequency of 9-15 contacts per mother-child dyad. Improvements in breastfeeding knowledge, beliefs, intentions, and practices were greater among mothers in A&T-I areas than among those in A&T-NI areas. In conclusion, there are many positive changes along the impact pathway of the franchise services, but challenges in utilization and demand creation should be addressed to achieve the full

Education and Cable TV: A Guide to Franchising and Utilization.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shafer, Jon

Designed to provide the educator with some answers about cable television (CATV), this monograph and resource catalog provides a basic description of CATV, its educational uses, and the franchising provisions which relate to its educational uses. The transition of CATV from an association with broadcast television toward cable information systems…

Comparing private sector family planning services to government and NGO services in Ethiopia and Pakistan: how do social franchises compare across quality, equity and cost?

PubMed Central

Shah, Nirali M; Wang, Wenjuan; Bishai, David M

2011-01-01

Policy makers in developing countries need to assess how public health programmes function across both public and private sectors. We propose an evaluation framework to assist in simultaneously tracking performance on efficiency, quality and access by the poor in family planning services. We apply this framework to field data from family planning programmes in Ethiopia and Pakistan, comparing (1) independent private sector providers; (2) social franchises of private providers; (3) non-government organization (NGO) providers; and (4) government providers on these three factors. Franchised private clinics have higher quality than non-franchised private clinics in both countries. In Pakistan, the costs per client and the proportion of poorest clients showed no differences between franchised and non-franchised private clinics, whereas in Ethiopia, franchised clinics had higher costs and fewer clients from the poorest quintile. Our results highlight that there are trade-offs between access, cost and quality of care that must be balanced as competing priorities. The relative programme performance of various service arrangements on each metric will be context specific. PMID:21729919

Comparing private sector family planning services to government and NGO services in Ethiopia and Pakistan: how do social franchises compare across quality, equity and cost?

PubMed

Shah, Nirali M; Wang, Wenjuan; Bishai, David M

2011-07-01

Policy makers in developing countries need to assess how public health programmes function across both public and private sectors. We propose an evaluation framework to assist in simultaneously tracking performance on efficiency, quality and access by the poor in family planning services. We apply this framework to field data from family planning programmes in Ethiopia and Pakistan, comparing (1) independent private sector providers; (2) social franchises of private providers; (3) non-government organization (NGO) providers; and (4) government providers on these three factors. Franchised private clinics have higher quality than non-franchised private clinics in both countries. In Pakistan, the costs per client and the proportion of poorest clients showed no differences between franchised and non-franchised private clinics, whereas in Ethiopia, franchised clinics had higher costs and fewer clients from the poorest quintile. Our results highlight that there are trade-offs between access, cost and quality of care that must be balanced as competing priorities. The relative programme performance of various service arrangements on each metric will be context specific.

The effect of social franchising on access to and quality of health services in low- and middle-income countries.

PubMed

Koehlmoos, Tracey Perez; Gazi, Rukhsana; Hossain, S Shahed; Zaman, K

2009-01-21

Social franchising has developed as a possible means of improving provision of health services through engaging the non-state sector in low- and middle-income countries. To examine the evidence that social franchising has on access to and quality of health services in low- and middle-income countries. We searched the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) Group Specialised Register (up to October 2007), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 3), MEDLINE, Ovid (1950 to September Week 3 2007), EMBASE, Ovid (1980 to 2007 Week 38), CINAHL, Ovid (1982 to September Week 3 2007), EconLit, WebSPIRS (1969 to Sept 2007), LILACS, Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index (1975 to March 2008), Sociological Abstracts, CSA Illumnia (1952 September 2007), WHOLIS (1948 November 2007). Randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, controlled before and after studies and interrupted time series comparing social franchising models with other models of health service delivery, other social franchising models or absence of health services. Two review authors independently applied the criteria for inclusion and exclusion of studies to scan titles and abstracts. The same two review authors independently screened full reports of selected citations . At each stage, results were compared and discrepancies settled through discussion. No studies were found which were eligible for inclusion in this review. There is a need to develop rigorous studies to evaluate the effects of social franchising on access to and quality of health services in low- and middle-income countries. Such studies should be informed by the wider literature to identify models of social franchising that have a sound theoretical basis and empirical research addressing their reach, acceptability, feasibility, maintenance and measurability.

Seeing the forest from the trees: Emergence of the competitive franchise

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ridley, S.

In present efforts to establish generation markets and transmission access, the participants risk losing sight of the strong consumer presence essential for competition to work. It`s time to move discussion about restructuring to the consumer level and take up the issue of the franchise.

Workdays. A Day in the Life of...a Franchise Gardener.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Edwards, Hazel

One of a series of work-based interviews about occupations in Australia, this booklet presents a personal interview with a franchise gardener (mostly a person who mows lawns) about his job. The following questions are answered: what the gardener does, why the person chose the field of employment, how the person found out about the job, what he…

Assessing Family Planning Service Quality And User Experiences In Social Franchising Programme - Case Studies From Two Rural Districts In Pakistan.

PubMed

Azmat, Syed Khurram; Ali, Moazzam; Hameed, Waqas; Awan, Muhammad Ali

2018-01-01

Studies have documented the impact of quality family planning services on improved contraceptive uptake and continuation, however, relatively little is known about their quality of service provision especially in the context of social franchising. This study examined the quality of clinical services and user experiences among two models in franchised service providers in rural Pakistan. This facility-based assessment was carried out during May-June 2015 at the 20 randomly selected social franchise providers from Chakwal and Faisalabad. In our case, a franchise health facility was a private clinic (mostly) run by a single provider, supported by an assistant. Within the selected health facilities, a total 39 user-provider interactions were observed and same users were interviewed separately. Most of the health facilities were in the private sector. Comparatively, service providers at Greenstar Social Marketing/Population Services International (GSM/PSI) model franchised facilities had higher number of rooms and staff employed, with more providers' ownership. Quality of service indices showed high scores for both Marie Stopes Society (MSS) and GSM/PSI franchised providers. MSS franchised providers demonstrated comparative edge in terms of clinical governance, better method mix and they were more user-focused, while PSI providers offered broader range of non-FP services. Quality of counselling services were similar among both models. Service providers performed well on all indicators of interpersonal care however overall low scores were noted in technical care. For both models, service providers attained an average score of 6.7 (out of the maximum value of 8) on waste disposal mechanism, supplies 12.5 (out of the maximum value of 15), user-centred facility 2.7 (out of the maximum value of 4), and clinical governance 6.5 (out of the maximum value of 11) and respecting clients' privacy. The exit interviews yielded high user satisfaction in both service models. The

The Effectiveness of Private School Franchises in Chile's National Voucher Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elacqua, Gregory; Contreras, Dante; Salazar, Felipe; Santos, Humberto

2011-01-01

There is persistent debate over the role of scale of operations in education. Some argue that school franchises offer educational services more effectively than small independent schools. Skeptics counter that large centralized operations create hard-to-manage bureaucracies and foster diseconomies of scale and that small schools are more effective…

The impact of social franchising on the use of reproductive health and family planning services at public commune health stations in Vietnam.

PubMed

Ngo, Anh D; Alden, Dana L; Pham, Van; Phan, Ha

2010-02-28

Service franchising is a business model that involves building a network of outlets (franchisees) that are locally owned, but act in coordinated manner with the guidance of a central headquarters (franchisor). The franchisor maintains quality standards, provides managerial training, conducts centralized purchasing and promotes a common brand. Research indicates that franchising private reproductive health and family planning (RHFP) services in developing countries improves quality and utilization. However, there is very little evidence that franchising improves RHFP services delivered through community-based public health clinics. This study evaluates behavioral outcomes associated with a new approach - the Government Social Franchise (GSF) model - developed to improve RHFP service quality and capacity in Vietnam's commune health stations (CHSs). The project involved networking and branding 36 commune health station (CHS) clinics in two central provinces of Da Nang and Khanh Hoa, Vietnam. A quasi-experimental design with 36 control CHSs assessed GSF model effects on client use as measured by: 1) clinic-reported client volume; 2) the proportion of self-reported RHFP service users at participating CHS clinics over the total sample of respondents; and 3) self-reported RHFP service use frequency. Monthly clinic records were analyzed. In addition, household surveys of 1,181 CHS users and potential users were conducted prior to launch and then 6 and 12 months after implementing the GSF network. Regression analyses controlled for baseline differences between intervention and control groups. CHS franchise membership was significantly associated with a 40% plus increase in clinic-reported client volumes for both reproductive and general health services. A 45% increase in clinic-reported family planning service clients related to GSF membership was marginally significant (p = 0.05). Self-reported frequency of RHFP service use increased by 20% from the baseline survey to the

The impact of social franchising on the use of reproductive health and family planning services at public commune health stations in Vietnam

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Service franchising is a business model that involves building a network of outlets (franchisees) that are locally owned, but act in coordinated manner with the guidance of a central headquarters (franchisor). The franchisor maintains quality standards, provides managerial training, conducts centralized purchasing and promotes a common brand. Research indicates that franchising private reproductive health and family planning (RHFP) services in developing countries improves quality and utilization. However, there is very little evidence that franchising improves RHFP services delivered through community-based public health clinics. This study evaluates behavioral outcomes associated with a new approach - the Government Social Franchise (GSF) model - developed to improve RHFP service quality and capacity in Vietnam's commune health stations (CHSs). Methods The project involved networking and branding 36 commune health station (CHS) clinics in two central provinces of Da Nang and Khanh Hoa, Vietnam. A quasi-experimental design with 36 control CHSs assessed GSF model effects on client use as measured by: 1) clinic-reported client volume; 2) the proportion of self-reported RHFP service users at participating CHS clinics over the total sample of respondents; and 3) self-reported RHFP service use frequency. Monthly clinic records were analyzed. In addition, household surveys of 1,181 CHS users and potential users were conducted prior to launch and then 6 and 12 months after implementing the GSF network. Regression analyses controlled for baseline differences between intervention and control groups. Results CHS franchise membership was significantly associated with a 40% plus increase in clinic-reported client volumes for both reproductive and general health services. A 45% increase in clinic-reported family planning service clients related to GSF membership was marginally significant (p = 0.05). Self-reported frequency of RHFP service use increased by 20% from

Social franchising of TB care through private GPs in Myanmar: an assessment of treatment results, access, equity and financial protection.

PubMed

Lönnroth, Knut; Aung, Tin; Maung, Win; Kluge, Hans; Uplekar, Mukund

2007-05-01

This article assesses whether social franchising of tuberculosis (TB) services in Myanmar has succeeded in providing quality treatment while ensuring equity in access and financial protection for poor patients. Newly diagnosed TB patients receiving treatment from private general practitioners (GPs) belonging to the franchise were identified. They were interviewed about social conditions, health seeking and health care costs at the time of starting treatment and again after 6 months follow-up. Routine data were used to ascertain clinical outcomes as well as to monitor trends in case notification. The franchisees contributed 2097 (21%) of the total 9951 total new sputum smear-positive pulmonary cases notified to the national TB programme in the study townships. The treatment success rate for new smear-positive cases was 84%, close to the World Health Organization target of 85% and similar to the treatment success of 81% in the national TB programme in Myanmar. People from the lower socio-economic groups represented 68% of the TB patients who access care in the franchise. Financial burden related to direct and indirect health care costs for tuberculosis was high, especially among the poor. Patients belonging to lower socio-economic groups incurred on average costs equivalent to 68% of annual per capita household income, with a median of 28%. However, 83% of all costs were incurred before starting treatment in the franchise, while 'shopping' for care. During treatment in the franchise, the cost of care was relatively low, corresponding to a median proportion of annual per capita income of 3% for people from lower socio-economic groups. This study shows that highly subsidized TB care delivered through a social franchise scheme in the private sector in Myanmar helped reach the poor with quality services, while partly protecting them from high health care expenditure. Extended outreach to others parts of the private sector may reduce diagnostic delay and patient costs

Deep learning based beat event detection in action movie franchises

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ejaz, N.; Khan, U. A.; Martínez-del-Amor, M. A.; Sparenberg, H.

2018-04-01

Automatic understanding and interpretation of movies can be used in a variety of ways to semantically manage the massive volumes of movies data. "Action Movie Franchises" dataset is a collection of twenty Hollywood action movies from five famous franchises with ground truth annotations at shot and beat level of each movie. In this dataset, the annotations are provided for eleven semantic beat categories. In this work, we propose a deep learning based method to classify shots and beat-events on this dataset. The training dataset for each of the eleven beat categories is developed and then a Convolution Neural Network is trained. After finding the shot boundaries, key frames are extracted for each shot and then three classification labels are assigned to each key frame. The classification labels for each of the key frames in a particular shot are then used to assign a unique label to each shot. A simple sliding window based method is then used to group adjacent shots having the same label in order to find a particular beat event. The results of beat event classification are presented based on criteria of precision, recall, and F-measure. The results are compared with the existing technique and significant improvements are recorded.

A World of Brands: Higher Education and the Emergence of Multinational Quality Franchises

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blanco Ramírez, Gerardo

2014-01-01

This article explores the concepts of "brand" and "franchise" in the development of international quality assurance. The impact of corporate language and culture on higher education is evident and has been extensively analysed. Recent attention given to branding of universities reflects the ever-growing influence of corporate…

47 CFR 76.502 - Time limits applicable to franchise authority consideration of transfer applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Time limits applicable to franchise authority consideration of transfer applications. 76.502 Section 76.502 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Ownership of...

47 CFR 76.502 - Time limits applicable to franchise authority consideration of transfer applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Time limits applicable to franchise authority consideration of transfer applications. 76.502 Section 76.502 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Ownership of...

47 CFR 76.502 - Time limits applicable to franchise authority consideration of transfer applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Time limits applicable to franchise authority consideration of transfer applications. 76.502 Section 76.502 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Ownership of...

47 CFR 76.933 - Franchising authority review of basic cable rates and equipment costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Franchising authority review of basic cable rates and equipment costs. 76.933 Section 76.933 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Rate Regulation...

Extending the Educational Franchise: The Social Contract of Australia's Public Universities, 1850-1890

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horne, Julia; Sherington, Geoffrey

2010-01-01

This article introduces the notion of the "educational franchise" of Australia's public universities established in the mid-nineteenth century. In his recently published study of the public university and social access in the United States, John Aubrey Douglass suggests that from the mid-nineteenth century a social contract was formed…

The Exporting and Franchising of Elite English Private Schools: The Emerging "Second Wave"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bunnell, Tristan

2008-01-01

The past decade has seen the emergence, predominantly in Thailand and mainland China, of a form of educational institution that has had little scholarly attention or generic identification. This paper shows how the ad hoc and opportunistic franchising of elite English private schools, beginning with the hyper-capitalist exportation of the Dulwich…

Private-Sector Social Franchising to Accelerate Family Planning Access, Choice, and Quality: Results From Marie Stopes International

PubMed Central

Munroe, Erik; Hayes, Brendan; Taft, Julia

2015-01-01

Background: To achieve the global Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) goal of reaching 120 million more women with voluntary family planning services, rapid scale-up of services is needed. Clinical social franchising, a service delivery approach used by Marie Stopes International (MSI) in which small, independent health care businesses are organized into quality-assured networks, provides an opportunity to engage the private sector in improving access to family planning and other health services. Methods: We analyzed MSI’s social franchising program against the 4 intended outputs of access, efficiency, quality, and equity. The analysis used routine service data from social franchising programs in 17 African and Asian countries (2008–2014) to estimate number of clients reached, couple-years of protection (CYPs) provided, and efficiency of services; clinical quality audits of 636 social franchisees from a subset of the 17 countries (2011–2014); and exit interviews with 4,844 clients in 14 countries (2013) to examine client satisfaction, demographics (age and poverty), and prior contraceptive use. The MSI “Impact 2” model was used to estimate population-level outcomes by converting service data into estimated health outcomes. Results: Between 2008 and 2014, an estimated 3,753,065 women cumulatively received voluntary family planning services via 17 national social franchise programs, with a sizable 68% choosing long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs). While the number of social franchisee outlets increased over time, efficiency also significantly improved over time, with each outlet delivering, on average, 178 CYPs in 2008 compared with 941 CYPs in 2014 (P = .02). Clinical quality audit scores also significantly improved; 39.8% of social franchisee outlets scored over 80% in 2011 compared with 84.1% in 2014. In 2013, 40.7% of the clients reported they had not been using a modern method during the 3 months prior to their visit (95% CI = 37.4, 44

75 FR 5285 - Mission Statement; Franchise Trade Mission to Mexico; March 3-5, 2010

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-02

... of the franchise market, followed by the restaurant sector with 23 percent, retail 21 percent... opportunities for U.S. firms, food concepts lead the industry, with fast food restaurants and casual dining the.... content of the combined value of the finished product or service. Selection Criteria for Participation...

Creating advantages through franchising in healthcare: a qualitative, multiple embedded case study on the role of the business format.

PubMed

Nijmeijer, Karlijn J; Huijsman, Robbert; Fabbricotti, Isabelle N

2014-11-02

Business format franchising is an organizational form that originates from the business sector. It is increasingly used in healthcare, being a promising organizational form for improving the competitiveness and efficiency of organizations, the quality of care, and the professional work environment. However, evidence is lacking concerning how these healthcare franchises should be designed to actually deliver the promised benefits. This study explores how the design of the central element in franchising, the business format (i.e., brand name, support systems, specification of the products and services), helps or hinders the achievement of positive results. A qualitative comparative embedded case study was conducted. The cases focused on three Dutch healthcare franchises providing mental healthcare, hospital care and care for the intellectually disabled. The data were collected through document analyses, observations, and 96 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with franchisors and unit actors (franchisees, unit managers, professionals). The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. A conceptual model based on a systematic review of studies in other industries was used as an initial method for coding the data. New inductive codes were used to enrich and extend the analysis. The data were subjected to within-case and cross-case comparative thematic analyses. Different business format designs have different effects on results, as perceived by franchisors and unit actors. The analysis revealed how this variation in perceived effects can be explained by different dynamics with regard to system-wide adaptation, local adaptation, professionals' resistance to change, ease of knowledge sharing, bureaucracy, overhead, uniform brand presentation, accelerating effects and reliable performance levels. The analysis resulted in a new typology of four types of business formats, showing how combinations of business format elements facilitate or hinder the achievement of

Evaluation of a social franchising and telemedicine programme and the care provided for childhood diarrhoea and pneumonia, Bihar, India.

PubMed

Mohanan, Manoj; Giardili, Soledad; Das, Veena; Rabin, Tracy L; Raj, Sunil S; Schwartz, Jeremy I; Seth, Aparna; Goldhaber-Fiebert, Jeremy D; Miller, Grant; Vera-Hernández, Marcos

2017-05-01

To evaluate the impact on the quality of the care provided for childhood diarrhoea and pneumonia in Bihar, India, of a large-scale, social franchising and telemedicine programme - the World Health Partners' Sky Program. We investigated changes associated with the programme in the knowledge and performance of health-care providers by carrying out 810 assessments in a representative sample of providers in areas where the programme was and was not implemented. Providers were assessed using hypothetical patient vignettes and the standardized patient method both before and after programme implementation, in 2011 and 2014, respectively. Differences in providers' performance between implementation and nonimplementation areas were assessed using multivariate difference-in-difference linear regression models. The programme did not significantly improve health-care providers' knowledge or performance with regard to childhood diarrhoea or pneumonia in Bihar. There was a persistent large gap between knowledge of appropriate care and the care actually delivered. Social franchising has received attention globally as a model for delivering high-quality care in rural areas in the developing world but supporting data are scarce. Our findings emphasize the need for sound empirical evidence before social franchising programmes are scaled up.

Incorporating elements of social franchising in government health services improves the quality of infant and young child feeding counselling services at commune health centres in Vietnam.

PubMed

Nguyen, Phuong H; Kim, Sunny S; Keithly, Sarah C; Hajeebhoy, Nemat; Tran, Lan M; Ruel, Marie T; Rawat, Rahul; Menon, Purnima

2014-12-01

Although social franchising has been shown to enhance the quality of reproductive health services in developing countries, its effect on nutrition services remains unexamined. This study assessed the effects of incorporating elements of social franchising on shaping the quality of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) counselling facilities and services in Vietnam. Process-related data collected 12 months after the launch of the first franchises were used to compare randomly assigned Alive & Thrive-supported health facilities (AT-F, n = 20) with standard facilities (SF, n = 12) across three dimensions of service quality: 'structure', 'process' and 'outcome' that capture the quality of facilities, service delivery, and client perceptions and use, respectively. Data collection included facility assessments (n = 32), staff surveys (n = 96), counselling observations (n = 137), client exit interviews (n = 137) and in-depth interviews with mothers (n = 48). Structure: AT-F were more likely to have an unshared, well-equipped room for nutrition counselling than SF (65.0% vs 10.0%). Compared with SF providers, AT-F staff had better IYCF knowledge (mean score 9.9 vs 8.8, range 0-11 for breastfeeding; mean score 3.6 vs 3.2, range 0-4 for complementary feeding). AT-F providers also demonstrated significantly better interpersonal communication skills (score 9.6 vs 5.1, range 0-13) and offered more comprehensive counselling sessions. Overall utilization of franchises was low (10%). A higher proportion of pregnant women utilized franchise services (48.9%), compared with mothers with children 6-23.9 months (1.4%). There was no quantitative difference in client satisfaction with counselling services between AT-F and SF, but franchise users praised the AT-F for problem solving related to child feeding. Incorporating elements of social franchising significantly enhances the quality of IYCF counselling services within government primary healthcare facilities, particularly their

Private-Sector Social Franchising to Accelerate Family Planning Access, Choice, and Quality: Results From Marie Stopes International.

PubMed

Munroe, Erik; Hayes, Brendan; Taft, Julia

2015-06-17

To achieve the global Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) goal of reaching 120 million more women with voluntary family planning services, rapid scale-up of services is needed. Clinical social franchising, a service delivery approach used by Marie Stopes International (MSI) in which small, independent health care businesses are organized into quality-assured networks, provides an opportunity to engage the private sector in improving access to family planning and other health services. We analyzed MSI's social franchising program against the 4 intended outputs of access, efficiency, quality, and equity. The analysis used routine service data from social franchising programs in 17 African and Asian countries (2008-2014) to estimate number of clients reached, couple-years of protection (CYPs) provided, and efficiency of services; clinical quality audits of 636 social franchisees from a subset of the 17 countries (2011-2014); and exit interviews with 4,844 clients in 14 countries (2013) to examine client satisfaction, demographics (age and poverty), and prior contraceptive use. The MSI "Impact 2" model was used to estimate population-level outcomes by converting service data into estimated health outcomes. Between 2008 and 2014, an estimated 3,753,065 women cumulatively received voluntary family planning services via 17 national social franchise programs, with a sizable 68% choosing long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs). While the number of social franchisee outlets increased over time, efficiency also significantly improved over time, with each outlet delivering, on average, 178 CYPs in 2008 compared with 941 CYPs in 2014 (P = .02). Clinical quality audit scores also significantly improved; 39.8% of social franchisee outlets scored over 80% in 2011 compared with 84.1% in 2014. In 2013, 40.7% of the clients reported they had not been using a modern method during the 3 months prior to their visit (95% CI = 37.4, 44.0), with 46.1% (95% CI = 40.9, 51.2) of

Evaluation of a social franchising and telemedicine programme and the care provided for childhood diarrhoea and pneumonia, Bihar, India

PubMed Central

Giardili, Soledad; Das, Veena; Rabin, Tracy L; Raj, Sunil S; Schwartz, Jeremy I; Seth, Aparna; Goldhaber-Fiebert, Jeremy D; Miller, Grant; Vera-Hernández, Marcos

2017-01-01

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact on the quality of the care provided for childhood diarrhoea and pneumonia in Bihar, India, of a large-scale, social franchising and telemedicine programme – the World Health Partners’ Sky Program. Methods We investigated changes associated with the programme in the knowledge and performance of health-care providers by carrying out 810 assessments in a representative sample of providers in areas where the programme was and was not implemented. Providers were assessed using hypothetical patient vignettes and the standardized patient method both before and after programme implementation, in 2011 and 2014, respectively. Differences in providers’ performance between implementation and nonimplementation areas were assessed using multivariate difference-in-difference linear regression models. Findings The programme did not significantly improve health-care providers’ knowledge or performance with regard to childhood diarrhoea or pneumonia in Bihar. There was a persistent large gap between knowledge of appropriate care and the care actually delivered. Conclusion Social franchising has received attention globally as a model for delivering high-quality care in rural areas in the developing world but supporting data are scarce. Our findings emphasize the need for sound empirical evidence before social franchising programmes are scaled up. PMID:28479635

Patterns of Tight and Loose Coupling in a Competitive Marketplace: The Case of Learning Center Franchises

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aurini, Janice Danielle

2012-01-01

The concept of coupling--the relationship between the environment, administrative goals, and instructional practices of education organizations--is a staple in New Institutional research. Yet processes of coupling have remained elusive. Drawing on ethnographic research of the "Ontario Learning Center" (OLC) franchise, along with…

Increasing Contraceptive Access for Hard-to-Reach Populations With Vouchers and Social Franchising in Uganda.

PubMed

Bellows, Benjamin; Mackay, Anna; Dingle, Antonia; Tuyiragize, Richard; Nnyombi, William; Dasgupta, Aisha

2017-09-27

From 2001 to 2011, modern contraceptive prevalence in Uganda increased from 18% to 26%. However, modern method use, in particular use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) and permanent methods (PMs), remained low. In the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey, only 1 of 5 married women used a LARC or PM even though 34% indicated an unmet need for contraception. Between 2011 and 2014, a social franchise and family planning voucher program, supporting 400 private facilities to provide family planning counseling and broaden contraceptive choice by adding LARCs and PMs to the service mix, offered a voucher to enable poor women to access family planning services at franchised facilities. This study analyzes service trends and voucher client demographics and estimates the contribution of the program to increasing contraceptive prevalence in Uganda, using the Impact 2 model developed by Marie Stopes International. Between March 2011 and December 2014, 330,826 women received a family planning service using the voucher, of which 70% of voucher clients chose an implant and 25% chose an intrauterine device. The median age of voucher users was 28 years; 79% had no education or only a primary education; and 48% reported they were unemployed or a housewife. We estimated that by 2014, 280,000 of the approximately 8,600,000 women of reproductive age in Uganda were using a contraceptive method provided by the program and that 120,000 of the clients were "additional users" of contraception, contributing 1.4 percentage points to the national modern contraceptive prevalence rate. The combination of family planning vouchers and a franchise-based quality improvement initiative can leverage existing private health infrastructure to substantially expand family planning access and choice for disadvantaged populations and potentially improve contraceptive prevalence when scaled nationally. © Bellows et al.

Increasing Contraceptive Access for Hard-to-Reach Populations With Vouchers and Social Franchising in Uganda

PubMed Central

Bellows, Benjamin; Mackay, Anna; Dingle, Antonia; Tuyiragize, Richard; Nnyombi, William; Dasgupta, Aisha

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT From 2001 to 2011, modern contraceptive prevalence in Uganda increased from 18% to 26%. However, modern method use, in particular use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) and permanent methods (PMs), remained low. In the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey, only 1 of 5 married women used a LARC or PM even though 34% indicated an unmet need for contraception. Between 2011 and 2014, a social franchise and family planning voucher program, supporting 400 private facilities to provide family planning counseling and broaden contraceptive choice by adding LARCs and PMs to the service mix, offered a voucher to enable poor women to access family planning services at franchised facilities. This study analyzes service trends and voucher client demographics and estimates the contribution of the program to increasing contraceptive prevalence in Uganda, using the Impact 2 model developed by Marie Stopes International. Between March 2011 and December 2014, 330,826 women received a family planning service using the voucher, of which 70% of voucher clients chose an implant and 25% chose an intrauterine device. The median age of voucher users was 28 years; 79% had no education or only a primary education; and 48% reported they were unemployed or a housewife. We estimated that by 2014, 280,000 of the approximately 8,600,000 women of reproductive age in Uganda were using a contraceptive method provided by the program and that 120,000 of the clients were “additional users” of contraception, contributing 1.4 percentage points to the national modern contraceptive prevalence rate. The combination of family planning vouchers and a franchise-based quality improvement initiative can leverage existing private health infrastructure to substantially expand family planning access and choice for disadvantaged populations and potentially improve contraceptive prevalence when scaled nationally. PMID:28963175

Competition in the Franchise Business. Instructor's Guide [and] Student Materials. Business Issues in the Classroom. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maxey, Phyllis F.

One of a series of units designed to acquaint secondary students with business issues, this packet examines the franchise as a type of business organization. Teacher and student materials are provided in separate sections. The teacher's guide provides an overview, objectives, four detailed lesson plans, answer keys, background information, and…

Connecticut Takes a Cautious First Step in Establishing a Statewide, Interactive, Distance Learning Cable Franchise Operator Interconnection.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pietras, Jesse John

Remote education has arrived in Connecticut and is promising to expand, as this discussion of its development, progress, and difficulties demonstrates. In June 1993, state legislation mandated a feasibility study of ways to bring about bidirectional educational programming among Connecticut's 26 cable-franchise operators. Cost allocation for the…

Beyond Choice to New Public Schools: Withdrawing the Exclusive Franchise in Public Education. Policy Report No. 8.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kolderie, Ted

A strategy for revitalizing public education by stimulating the creation of new public schools is proposed in this report. The proposed system goes beyond school choice and is based on the withdrawal of local districts' exclusive franchise to own and operate public schools. The proposal is based on the premise that the state must provide both…

Impact of social franchising on contraceptive use when complemented by vouchers: a quasi-experimental study in rural Pakistan.

PubMed

Azmat, Syed Khurram; Khurram Azmat, Syed; Shaikh, Babar Tasneem; Tasneem Shaikh, Babar; Hameed, Waqas; Mustafa, Ghulam; Hussain, Wajahat; Asghar, Jamshaid; Ishaque, Muhammad; Ahmed, Aftab; Bilgrami, Mohsina

2013-01-01

Pakistan has had a low contraceptive prevalence rate for the last two decades; with preference for natural birth spacing methods and condoms. Family planning services offered by the public sector have never fulfilled the demand for contraception, particularly in rural areas. In the private sector, cost is a major constraint. In 2008, Marie Stopes Society - a local NGO started a social franchise programme along with a free voucher scheme to promote uptake of IUCDs amongst the poor. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of this approach, which is designed to increase modern long term contraceptive awareness and use in rural areas of Pakistan. We used a quasi-experimental study design with controls, selecting one intervention district and one control district from the Sindh and Punjab provinces. In each district, we chose a total of four service providers. A baseline survey was carried out among 4,992 married women of reproductive age (MWRA) in February 2009. Eighteen months after the start of intervention, an independent endline survey was conducted among 4,003 women. We used multilevel logistic regression for analysis using Stata 11. Social franchising used alongside free vouchers for long term contraceptive choices significantly increased the awareness of modern contraception. Awareness increased by 5% in the intervention district. Similarly, the ever use of modern contraceptive increased by 28.5%, and the overall contraceptive prevalence rate increased by 19.6%. A significant change (11.1%) was recorded in the uptake of IUCDs, which were being promoted with vouchers. Family planning franchise model promotes awareness and uptake of contraceptives. Moreover, supplemented with vouchers, it may enhance the use of IUCDs, which have a significant cost attached. Our research also supports a multi-pronged approach- generating demand through counselling, overcoming financial constraints by offering vouchers, training, accreditation and branding of the service providers

Impact of Social Franchising on Contraceptive Use When Complemented by Vouchers: A Quasi-Experimental Study in Rural Pakistan

PubMed Central

Khurram Azmat, Syed; Tasneem Shaikh, Babar; Hameed, Waqas; Mustafa, Ghulam; Hussain, Wajahat; Asghar, Jamshaid; Ishaque, Muhammad; Ahmed, Aftab; Bilgrami, Mohsina

2013-01-01

Background Pakistan has had a low contraceptive prevalence rate for the last two decades; with preference for natural birth spacing methods and condoms. Family planning services offered by the public sector have never fulfilled the demand for contraception, particularly in rural areas. In the private sector, cost is a major constraint. In 2008, Marie Stopes Society – a local NGO started a social franchise programme along with a free voucher scheme to promote uptake of IUCDs amongst the poor. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of this approach, which is designed to increase modern long term contraceptive awareness and use in rural areas of Pakistan. Methodology We used a quasi-experimental study design with controls, selecting one intervention district and one control district from the Sindh and Punjab provinces. In each district, we chose a total of four service providers. A baseline survey was carried out among 4,992 married women of reproductive age (MWRA) in February 2009. Eighteen months after the start of intervention, an independent endline survey was conducted among 4,003 women. We used multilevel logistic regression for analysis using Stata 11. Results Social franchising used alongside free vouchers for long term contraceptive choices significantly increased the awareness of modern contraception. Awareness increased by 5% in the intervention district. Similarly, the ever use of modern contraceptive increased by 28.5%, and the overall contraceptive prevalence rate increased by 19.6%. A significant change (11.1%) was recorded in the uptake of IUCDs, which were being promoted with vouchers. Conclusion Family planning franchise model promotes awareness and uptake of contraceptives. Moreover, supplemented with vouchers, it may enhance the use of IUCDs, which have a significant cost attached. Our research also supports a multi-pronged approach- generating demand through counselling, overcoming financial constraints by offering vouchers, training

Franchising Public Education: A Study of the Linkage of Charter Schools and Private Education Management Companies in Massachusetts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rhim, Lauren Morando

School franchising (defined as the replication of a particular product or service across a wide geographic region) marks a radical departure from the traditional view of the community-based neighborhood school. This paper reports on a study of a growing niche of charter school private management contracts in Massachusetts. The focus is on the…

Cost-effectiveness of using a social franchise network to increase uptake of oral rehydration salts and zinc for childhood diarrhea in rural Myanmar.

PubMed

Bishai, David; Sachathep, Karampreet; LeFevre, Amnesty; Thant, Hnin New Nwe; Zaw, Min; Aung, Tin; McFarland, Willi; Montagu, Dominic

2015-01-01

This paper examines the cost-effectiveness of achieving increases in the use of oral rehydration solution and zinc supplementation in the management of acute diarrhea in children under 5 years through social franchising. The study uses cost and outcome data from an initiative by Population Services International (PSI) in 3 townships of Myanmar in 2010 to promote an ORS-Zinc product called ORASEL. The objective of this study was to determine the incremental cost-effectiveness of a strategy to promote ORS-Z use through private sector franchising compared to standard government and private sector practices. Costing from a societal perspective included program, provider, and household costs for the 2010 calendar year. Program costs including ORASEL program launch, distribution, and administration costs were obtained through a retrospective review of financial records and key informant interviews with staff in the central Yangon office. Household out of pocket payments for diarrheal episodes were obtained from a household survey conducted in the study area and additional estimates of household income lost due to parental care-giving time for a sick child were estimated. Incremental cost-effectiveness relative to status quo conditions was calculated per child death and DALY averted in 2010. Health effects included deaths and DALYs averted; the former modeled based on coverage estimates from a household survey that were entered into the Lives Saved Tool (LiST). Uncertainty was modeled with Monte Carlo methods. Based on the model, the promotional strategy would translate to 2.85 (SD 0.29) deaths averted in a community population of 1 million where there would be 81,000 children under 5 expecting 48,373 cases of diarrhea. The incremental cost effectiveness of the franchised approach to improving ORASEL coverage is estimated at a median $5,955 (IQR: $3437-$7589) per death averted and $214 (IQR: $127-$287) per discounted DALY averted. Investing in developing a network of

The impact of a novel franchise clinic network on access to medicines and vaccinations in Kenya: a cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Berk, Justin; Adhvaryu, Achyuta

2012-01-01

To study the impact of a new franchise health clinic model (The HealthStore Foundation's CFWShops) on access to vaccinations and treatment for acute illnesses in a nationally representative sample of children in Kenya. The authors used multivariate linear and count regressions to examine associations between receipt of vaccinations or treatment and proximity to a franchise health clinic, adjusting for individual, household and clinic attributes as well as region fixed effects. Demographic and Health Survey data from Kenya, 2008-2009. 6079 Kenyan children younger than 5 years, of whom 2310 reported recent acute illness. Outcomes for all children were number of polio doses received, number of DPT doses received, receipt of BCG vaccine, receipt of measles vaccine and number of total vaccinations received. Outcomes for acutely ill children were receipt of any medical treatment, treatment for fever, treatment for malaria and treatments specifically stocked by CFWShops. Children living within 30 km of a CFWShop received 0.129 (p=0.017) and 0.113 (p=0.025) more DPT and polio doses, respectively; and 0.285 more total vaccinations (p=0.023). Among acutely ill children, CFWShop proximity was associated with significant increases in the probabilities of receiving any medical treatment (0.142; p<0.001), treatment for fever (0.117; p=0.007) and treatments specifically stocked by CFWShops (0.064; p=0.015). Use of CFWShop services was not significantly different for lower-income vis-a-vis higher-income households. The franchise health clinic model could substantially increase access to essential vaccinations and treatments in low-income countries. Moreover, the model's benefits may accrue to lesser- and higher-income households alike.

Franchise medicine: how I avoid being a commodity in a global market.

PubMed

Constantinides, Minas

2010-02-01

As facial plastic surgery becomes more global, pressures for practices to become commoditized will increase. Commoditized practices are those in which price drives the quality of the product. Franchised surgical practices have also recently increased within the United States and abroad. These are always commoditized by their corporate philosophies. There are better ways to create value than to lower price to compete with a neighboring practice. By establishing a Transcendent Relationship of growth, both the surgeon and the patient are more satisfied with their facial plastic surgical experiences. Key tools helpful in predicting future directions for a practice, the Four Compass Points and the Average Best Patient, will be introduced. Thieme Medical Publishers.

Social Franchising: A Blockbuster to Address Unmet Need for Family Planning and to Advance Toward the FP2020 Goal.

PubMed

2015-06-17

Social franchising has scaled-up provision of voluntary family planning, especially long-acting reversible contraceptives, across Africa and Asia at a rapid and remarkable pace. The approach should be pursued vigorously, especially in countries with a significant private-sector presence, to advance the FP2020 goal of providing access to modern contraception to 120 million additional clients by 2020.

Equity and the Sun Quality Health Private Provider Social Franchise: comparative analysis of patient survey data and a nationally representative TB prevalence survey.

PubMed

Montagu, Dominic; Sudhinaraset, May; Lwin, Thandar; Onozaki, Ikushi; Win, Zaw; Aung, Tin

2013-01-10

Since 2004, the Sun Quality Health (SQH) franchise network has provided TB care in Myanmar through a network of established private medical clinics. This study compares the wealth distribution of the TB patients to non-TB patients to determine if TB is most common among the poor, and compares the wealth of all TB patients to SQH TB patients to assess whether the franchise achieves its goal of serving the poor. The study uses data from two sources: 1) Myanmar's first nationally representative TB prevalence study conducted in 2009, and 2) client exit interviews from TB patients from SQH clinics. In total, 1,114 TB-positive individuals were included in the study, including 739 from the national sample and 375 from the SQH sample. TB patients at SQH clinics were poorer than TB-positive individuals in the overall population, though not at a statistically significant level (p > 0.05). After stratification we found that in urban areas, TB patients at SQH clinics were more likely to be in the poorest quartile compared to general TB positive population (16.8% vs. 8.6%, respectively; p < 0.05). In rural areas, there was no statistically significant difference between the wealth distribution of SQH clinic patients and general TB positive individuals (p > 0.05). Franchised clinics in Myanmar are reaching poor populations of TB patients in urban areas; more efforts are needed in order to reach the most vulnerable in rural areas.

The impact of a novel franchise clinic network on access to medicines and vaccinations in Kenya: a cross-sectional study

PubMed Central

Adhvaryu, Achyuta

2012-01-01

Objectives To study the impact of a new franchise health clinic model (The HealthStore Foundation's CFWShops) on access to vaccinations and treatment for acute illnesses in a nationally representative sample of children in Kenya. Design The authors used multivariate linear and count regressions to examine associations between receipt of vaccinations or treatment and proximity to a franchise health clinic, adjusting for individual, household and clinic attributes as well as region fixed effects. Setting Demographic and Health Survey data from Kenya, 2008–2009. Participants 6079 Kenyan children younger than 5 years, of whom 2310 reported recent acute illness. Main outcome measures Outcomes for all children were number of polio doses received, number of DPT doses received, receipt of BCG vaccine, receipt of measles vaccine and number of total vaccinations received. Outcomes for acutely ill children were receipt of any medical treatment, treatment for fever, treatment for malaria and treatments specifically stocked by CFWShops. Results Children living within 30 km of a CFWShop received 0.129 (p=0.017) and 0.113 (p=0.025) more DPT and polio doses, respectively; and 0.285 more total vaccinations (p=0.023). Among acutely ill children, CFWShop proximity was associated with significant increases in the probabilities of receiving any medical treatment (0.142; p<0.001), treatment for fever (0.117; p=0.007) and treatments specifically stocked by CFWShops (0.064; p=0.015). Use of CFWShop services was not significantly different for lower-income vis-a-vis higher-income households. Conclusions The franchise health clinic model could substantially increase access to essential vaccinations and treatments in low-income countries. Moreover, the model's benefits may accrue to lesser- and higher-income households alike. PMID:22786948

Equity and the Sun Quality Health Private Provider Social Franchise: comparative analysis of patient survey data and a nationally representative TB prevalence survey

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Introduction Since 2004, the Sun Quality Health (SQH) franchise network has provided TB care in Myanmar through a network of established private medical clinics. This study compares the wealth distribution of the TB patients to non-TB patients to determine if TB is most common among the poor, and compares the wealth of all TB patients to SQH TB patients to assess whether the franchise achieves its goal of serving the poor. Methods The study uses data from two sources: 1) Myanmar’s first nationally representative TB prevalence study conducted in 2009, and 2) client exit interviews from TB patients from SQH clinics. In total, 1,114 TB-positive individuals were included in the study, including 739 from the national sample and 375 from the SQH sample. Results TB patients at SQH clinics were poorer than TB-positive individuals in the overall population, though not at a statistically significant level (p > 0.05). After stratification we found that in urban areas, TB patients at SQH clinics were more likely to be in the poorest quartile compared to general TB positive population (16.8% vs. 8.6%, respectively; p < 0.05). In rural areas, there was no statistically significant difference between the wealth distribution of SQH clinic patients and general TB positive individuals (p > 0.05). Conclusion Franchised clinics in Myanmar are reaching poor populations of TB patients in urban areas; more efforts are needed in order to reach the most vulnerable in rural areas. PMID:23305063

Social Franchising and a Nationwide Mass Media Campaign Increased the Prevalence of Adequate Complementary Feeding in Vietnam: A Cluster-Randomized Program Evaluation.

PubMed

Rawat, Rahul; Nguyen, Phuong Hong; Tran, Lan Mai; Hajeebhoy, Nemat; Nguyen, Huan Van; Baker, Jean; Frongillo, Edward A; Ruel, Marie T; Menon, Purnima

2017-04-01

Background: Rigorous evaluations of health system-based interventions in large-scale programs to improve complementary feeding (CF) practices are limited. Alive & Thrive applied principles of social franchising within the government health system in Vietnam to improve the quality of interpersonal counseling (IPC) for infant and young child feeding combined with a national mass media (MM) campaign and community mobilization (CM). Objective: We evaluated the impact of enhanced IPC + MM + CM (intensive) compared with standard IPC + less-intensive MM and CM (nonintensive) on CF practices and anthropometric indicators. Methods: A cluster-randomized, nonblinded evaluation design with cross-sectional surveys ( n = ∼500 children aged 6-23.9 mo and ∼1000 children aged 24-59.9 mo/group) implemented at baseline (2010) and endline (2014) was used. Difference-in-difference estimates (DDEs) of impact were calculated for intent-to-treat (ITT) analyses and modified per-protocol analyses (MPAs; mothers who attended the social franchising at least once: 62%). Results: Groups were similar at baseline. In ITT analyses, there were no significant differences between groups in changes in CF practices over time. In the MPAs, greater improvements in the intensive than in the nonintensive group were seen for minimum dietary diversity [DDE: 6.4 percentage points (pps); P < 0.05] and minimum acceptable diet (8.0 pps; P < 0.05). Significant stunting declines occurred in both intensive (7.1 pps) and nonintensive (5.4 pps) groups among children aged 24-59.9 mo, with no differential decline. Conclusions: When combined with MM and CM, an at-scale social franchising approach to improve IPC, delivered through the existing health care system, significantly improved CF practices, but not child growth, among mothers who used counseling services at least once. A greater impact may be achieved with strategies designed to increase service utilization. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as

Negotiating a franchise agreement in a competitive environment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Overstreet, E.L.

In urban centers where there is more than one district energy company, the administrative branch of municipal government is in a position to manipulate its taxing policy for the use of the public right of way by advancing the goal of {open_quotes}remaining revenue neutral.{close_quotes} In order for a district energy company to be successful, it must be able to produce energy more efficiently. Greater efficiency in the production of energy creates a dilemma for a municipal government. A city government depends on a number of revenue producing sources to fund its annual operating budget. Taxing energy demand by commercial customersmore » is one source of revenue. Thus, in effect, reducing energy demand through increased efficiency will reduce the revenue a city receives by taxing demand. As this relates to a district energy company, the city must determine how to replace the revenue that was previously generated by taxing demand of high energy use production equipment by looking to district energy companies to replace this revenue. Negotiating a franchise fee for use of the public right of way for distribution piping is one way a city can attempt to recoup lost revenue. In a market where there is competition between district energy companies, the city can leverage its position as the granting authority.« less

Effect of a multifaceted social franchising model on quality and coverage of maternal, newborn, and reproductive health-care services in Uttar Pradesh, India: a quasi-experimental study.

PubMed

Tougher, Sarah; Dutt, Varun; Pereira, Shreya; Haldar, Kaveri; Shukla, Vasudha; Singh, Kultar; Kumar, Paresh; Goodman, Catherine; Powell-Jackson, Timothy

2018-02-01

How to harness the private sector to improve population health in low-income and middle-income countries is heavily debated and one prominent strategy is social franchising. We aimed to evaluate whether the Matrika social franchising model-a multifaceted intervention that established a network of private providers and strengthened the skills of both public and private sector clinicians-could improve the quality and coverage of health services along the continuum of care for maternal, newborn, and reproductive health. We did a quasi-experimental study, which combined matching with difference-in-differences methods. We matched 60 intervention clusters (wards or villages) with a social franchisee to 120 comparison clusters in six districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. The intervention was implemented by two not-for-profit organisations from September, 2013, to May, 2016. We did two rounds (January, 2015, and May, 2016) of a household survey for women who had given birth up to 2 years previously. The primary outcome was the proportion of women who gave birth in a health-care facility. An additional 56 prespecified outcomes measured maternal health-care use, content of care, patient experience, and other dimensions of care. We organised conceptually similar outcomes into 14 families to create summary indices. We used multivariate difference-in-differences methods for the analyses and accounted for multiple inference. The introduction of Matrika was not significantly associated with the change in facility births (4 percentage points, 95% CI -1 to 9; p=0·100). Effects for any of the other individual outcomes or for any of the 14 summary indices were not significant. Evidence was weak for an increase of 0·13 SD (95% CI 0·00 to 0·27; p=0·053) in recommended delivery care practices. The Matrika social franchise model was not effective in improving the quality and coverage of maternal health services at the population level. Several key reasons identified for the absence of

Privatization and the allure of franchising: a Zambian feasibility study.

PubMed

Fiedler, John L; Wight, Jonathan B

2003-01-01

Efforts to privatize portions of the health sector have proven more difficult to implement than had been anticipated previously. One common bottleneck encountered has been the traditional organizational structure of the private sector, with its plethora of independent, single physician practices. The atomistic nature of the sector has rendered many privatization efforts difficult, slow and costly-in terms of both organizational development and administration. In many parts of Africa, in particular, the shortages of human and social capital, and the fragile nature of legal institutions, undermine the appeal of privatization. The private sector is left with inefficiencies, high prices and costs, and a reduced effective demand. The result is the simultaneous existence of excess capacity and unmet need. One potential method to improve the efficiency of the private sector, and thereby enhance the likelihood of successful privatization, is to transfer managerial technology--via franchising--from models that have proven successful elsewhere. This paper presents a feasibility analysis of franchizing the successful Bolivian PROSALUD system's management package to Zambia. The assessment, based on PROSALUD's financial model, demonstrates that technology transfer requires careful adaptation to local conditions and, in this instance, would still require significant external assistance.

Use of the Performance Diagnostic Checklist to Select an Intervention Designed to Increase the Offering of Promotional Stamps at Two Sites of a Restaurant Franchise

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rodriguez, Manuel; Wilder, David A.; Therrien, Kelly; Wine, Byron; Miranti, Reylissa; Daratany, Kenneth; Salume, Gloria; Baranovsky, Greg; Rodriquez, Matias

2006-01-01

The performance diagnostic checklist (PDC) was administered to examine the variables influencing the offering of promotional stamps by employees at two sites of a restaurant franchise. PDC results suggested that a lack of appropriate antecedents, equipment and processes, and consequences were responsible for the deficits. Based on these results,…

Social Franchising and a Nationwide Mass Media Campaign Increased the Prevalence of Adequate Complementary Feeding in Vietnam: A Cluster-Randomized Program Evaluation123

PubMed Central

Rawat, Rahul; Nguyen, Phuong Hong; Tran, Lan Mai; Hajeebhoy, Nemat; Nguyen, Huan Van; Baker, Jean; Frongillo, Edward A; Ruel, Marie T; Menon, Purnima

2017-01-01

Background: Rigorous evaluations of health system–based interventions in large-scale programs to improve complementary feeding (CF) practices are limited. Alive & Thrive applied principles of social franchising within the government health system in Vietnam to improve the quality of interpersonal counseling (IPC) for infant and young child feeding combined with a national mass media (MM) campaign and community mobilization (CM). Objective: We evaluated the impact of enhanced IPC + MM + CM (intensive) compared with standard IPC + less-intensive MM and CM (nonintensive) on CF practices and anthropometric indicators. Methods: A cluster-randomized, nonblinded evaluation design with cross-sectional surveys (n = ∼500 children aged 6–23.9 mo and ∼1000 children aged 24–59.9 mo/group) implemented at baseline (2010) and endline (2014) was used. Difference-in-difference estimates (DDEs) of impact were calculated for intent-to-treat (ITT) analyses and modified per-protocol analyses (MPAs; mothers who attended the social franchising at least once: 62%). Results: Groups were similar at baseline. In ITT analyses, there were no significant differences between groups in changes in CF practices over time. In the MPAs, greater improvements in the intensive than in the nonintensive group were seen for minimum dietary diversity [DDE: 6.4 percentage points (pps); P < 0.05] and minimum acceptable diet (8.0 pps; P < 0.05). Significant stunting declines occurred in both intensive (7.1 pps) and nonintensive (5.4 pps) groups among children aged 24–59.9 mo, with no differential decline. Conclusions: When combined with MM and CM, an at-scale social franchising approach to improve IPC, delivered through the existing health care system, significantly improved CF practices, but not child growth, among mothers who used counseling services at least once. A greater impact may be achieved with strategies designed to increase service utilization. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials

Impact of a social franchising program on uptake of oral rehydration solution plus zinc for childhood diarrhea in myanmar: a community-level randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Aung, Tin; Montagu, Dominic; Su Su Khin, Hnin; Win, Zaw; San, Ang Kyaw; McFarland, Willi

2014-06-01

Diarrhea's impact on childhood morbidity can be reduced by administering oral rehydration solution (ORS) with zinc; challenges to wider use are changing health-seeking behavior and ensuring access. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to increase ORS plus zinc uptake in rural Myanmar. Village tracts, matched in 52 pairs, were randomized to standard ORS access vs. a social franchising program training community educators and supplying ORS plus zinc. Intervention and control communities were comparable on demographics, prevalence of diarrhea and previous use of ORS. One year after randomization, ORS plus zinc use was 13.7% in the most recent case of diarrhea in intervention households compared with 1.8% in control households (p < 0.001) (N = 3605). A significant increase in ORS plus zinc use was noted in the intervention (p = 0.044) but not in the control (p = 0.315) group. Social franchising increased optimal treatment of childhood diarrhea in rural Myanmar. Scale-up stands to reduce morbidity among children in similar settings. Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN73606238. © The Author [2014]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

The precariousness of the franchise state: Voluntary sector health services and international NGOs in Tanzania, 1960s - mid-1980s.

PubMed

Jennings, Michael

2015-09-01

This paper challenges conventional narratives on the role of international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) in the delivery of health services in Tanzania. Adopting an historical gaze which focuses on the 1960s to mid-1980s the paper argues that the 'franchise state' in the Tanzanian health system was not created by collusion between international donors and INGOs, underpinned by a set of health sector reforms that advocated the use of non-state actors; but was rather the legacy of the colonial health system bequeathed to the post-independence state. It was a system in which voluntary non-state actors (but, importantly, not INGOs) were already entrenched as key providers; and in which many of the features of the franchise state - fragmentation, structural weaknesses, lack of accountability to users - were already long established. But if INGOs did not create these features, as their critics attest, they did contribute to the maintenance and extension of these features. The short-term perspectives of NGOs, their small-scale piecemeal engagement, and the extra demands they placed upon their voluntary actor partners, left little scope for the development of sustainable, national and accountable solutions to the health needs of the country. In exploring these ideas, the paper contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the path dependency that created Tanzania's health system. The analysis also contributes to a deepening of the understanding of the make-up of the voluntary sector beyond a narrow gaze on the institution of the INGO. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Multisite outbreak of norovirus associated with a franchise restaurant--Kent County, Michigan, May 2005.

PubMed

2006-04-14

The majority of cases of foodborne gastroenteritis in the United States are caused by noroviruses. This report summarizes an investigation by the Kent County Health Department (KCHD) in Michigan into three norovirus outbreaks and a cluster of community cases that were associated with a national submarine sandwich franchise restaurant during May 3-9, 2005. The investigation identified a potential source, a food handler who had returned to work within a few hours of having symptoms of gastrointestinal illness while he was still excreting norovirus in his stools. To prevent norovirus outbreaks, food service workers should be educated regarding norovirus transmission and control. In 2005, new guidelines for state health departments regarding norovirus containment were published by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); guidelines for local health departments in Michigan were issued by the state's Department of Community Health and Department of Agriculture. The new guidelines for Michigan recommend that food service workers with suspected norovirus not return to work until they are asymptomatic for 48-72 hours.

Rate design, yardstick regulation, and franchise competition: An integrated approach to improving the efficiency of 21st century electric distribution

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reiter, H.L.; Cook, C.

Regulators need to take a hard look at stranded cost policies that make it difficult for municipalities to replace incumbent distributors, and also reconsider whether distributors should be allowed to roll expansion costs into systemwide rates. This article focuses on the importance of efficient electric distribution in the post-restructuring era and how regulators can promote that efficiency by (1) protecting and encouraging franchise competition, (2) employing regulatory yardsticks, and (3) designing rate structures that send proper price signals about the relative costs of expanding distribution plant and substituting distributed generation, conservation services, or other alternatives.

Increasing Access to Family Planning Choices Through Public-Sector Social Franchising: The Experience of Marie Stopes International in Mali

PubMed Central

Gold, Judy; Burke, Eva; Cissé, Boubacar; Mackay, Anna; Eva, Gillian; Hayes, Brendan

2017-01-01

Background: Mali has one of the world's lowest contraceptive use rates and a high rate of unmet need for family planning. In order to increase access to and choice of quality family planning services, Marie Stopes International (MSI) Mali introduced social franchising in public-sector community health centers (referred to as CSCOMs in Mali) in 3 regions under the MSI brand BlueStar. Program Description: Potential franchisees are generally identified from CSCOMs who have worked with MSI outreach teams; once accredited as franchisees, CSCOMs receive training, supervision, family planning consumables and commodities, and support for awareness raising and demand creation. To ensure availability and affordability of services, franchisees are committed to providing a wide range of contraceptive methods at low fixed prices. Methods and Results: The performance of the BlueStar network from inception in March 2012 until December 2015 was examined using information from routine monitoring data, clinical quality audits, and client exit interviews. During this period, the network grew from 70 to 135 franchisees; an estimated 123,428 clients received voluntary family planning services, most commonly long-acting reversible methods of contraception. Franchisee efficiency and clinical quality of services increased over time, and client satisfaction with services remained high. One-quarter of clients in 2015 were under 20 years old, and three-quarters were adopters of family planning (that is, they had not been using a modern method during the 3 months prior to their visit). Conclusion: Applying a social franchising support package, originally developed for for-profit private-sector providers, to public-sector facilities in Mali has increased access, choice, and use of family planning in 3 regions of Mali. The experience of BlueStar Mali suggests that interventions that support quality supply of services, while simultaneously addressing demand-side barriers such as service pricing

Increasing Access to Family Planning Choices Through Public-Sector Social Franchising: The Experience of Marie Stopes International in Mali.

PubMed

Gold, Judy; Burke, Eva; Cissé, Boubacar; Mackay, Anna; Eva, Gillian; Hayes, Brendan

2017-06-27

Mali has one of the world's lowest contraceptive use rates and a high rate of unmet need for family planning. In order to increase access to and choice of quality family planning services, Marie Stopes International (MSI) Mali introduced social franchising in public-sector community health centers (referred to as CSCOMs in Mali) in 3 regions under the MSI brand BlueStar. Potential franchisees are generally identified from CSCOMs who have worked with MSI outreach teams; once accredited as franchisees, CSCOMs receive training, supervision, family planning consumables and commodities, and support for awareness raising and demand creation. To ensure availability and affordability of services, franchisees are committed to providing a wide range of contraceptive methods at low fixed prices. The performance of the BlueStar network from inception in March 2012 until December 2015 was examined using information from routine monitoring data, clinical quality audits, and client exit interviews. During this period, the network grew from 70 to 135 franchisees; an estimated 123,428 clients received voluntary family planning services, most commonly long-acting reversible methods of contraception. Franchisee efficiency and clinical quality of services increased over time, and client satisfaction with services remained high. One-quarter of clients in 2015 were under 20 years old, and three-quarters were adopters of family planning (that is, they had not been using a modern method during the 3 months prior to their visit). Applying a social franchising support package, originally developed for for-profit private-sector providers, to public-sector facilities in Mali has increased access, choice, and use of family planning in 3 regions of Mali. The experience of BlueStar Mali suggests that interventions that support quality supply of services, while simultaneously addressing demand-side barriers such as service pricing, can successfully create demand for a broad range of family

Study of the impacts of regulations affecting the acceptance of Integrated Community Energy Systems: public utility, energy facility siting and municipal franchising regulatory programs in Kentucky. Preliminary background report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Feurer, D A; Weaver, C L; Gallagher, K C

1980-01-01

Until April 1, 1979, the Public Service Commission had been vested with exclusive jurisdiction over the regulation of rates and service of utilities. As of that date two new agencies, the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) and the Utility Regulatory Commission (URC), have replaced the Public Service Commission. The ERC consists of three full-time members appointed by the governor for four year terms and is responsible for enforcing the provisions of the Kentucky statutes relating to electric and gas utilities. The three-member URC is responsible for enforcing the provisions relating to non-energy utilities such as telephone, sewer, and water utilities. Themore » statutes vest all regulatory authority over public utilities in either the ERC or the URC. Local governments retain only the power to grant local franchises. However, it should be noted, that any utility owned or operated by a political subdivision of the state is exempt from regulation. Thus, local government has complete authority over utilities which are self-owned. Public utility regulatory statutes, energy facility siting programs, and municipal franchising authority are examined to identify how they may impact on the ability of an organization, whether or not it be a regulated utility, to construct and operate an ICES.« less

Policy alternatives for reducing tobacco sales to minors: results from a national survey of retail chain and franchise stores.

PubMed

Altman, D G; Linzer, J; Kropp, R; Descheemaeker, N; Feighery, E; Fortmann, S P

1992-01-01

Minors' access to tobacco has become an important public health issue. Little is known, however, about the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior toward access among executives from businesses that sell tobacco. This study examined access from the perspective of corporate and regional headquarters of retail chains and franchises that sell tobacco. A total of 148 U.S. companies with the largest overall retail sales volume that sold tobacco were asked to participate; 91 agreed. The sample included grocery stores, convenience stores, gas station mini-marts, liquor stores, and drug stores. Data revealed at least moderate support for policies limiting youth tobacco access. Although most companies reported having in place policies to prevent minors from purchasing tobacco, these policies did not seem intensive. In addition, executives underestimated the extent of youth access. We conclude that the time is right for passage of bold policies to protect young people from tobacco.

The integrated supplier: key to cost management and multi-franchise capitation contracting.

PubMed

Schuweiler, R C

1996-05-01

Capitation...most healthcare providers do not work under it, comprehend it, or even want it, yet supply capitation contracting seminars are popping up everywhere creating the feeling that the bandwagon is leaving, and it might be time to get on board. Not true. Supply capitation is not for all organizations. Capitation contracting is not easy and there are not many successful models to help the uninitiated. If a panacea is sought for reducing supply costs, capitation is only one component of a systematic strategy to reduce materiel costs. This article suggests a direction using the Group Health Materiel Management (Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, WA) experience as a point of reference. It advocates a systematic approach that focuses on expense reduction in: cost of goods, holding cost of inventory, labor cost associated with all materiel processes, distribution cost (transportation and par stock pick, pack, and replenishment), product utilization, variation in product standards, and waste stream byproducts. At Group Health (GH) these issues are primarily addressed through the use of: information systems, supplier certification/selection processes, group purchasing compliance, supply channel management, supply capitation contracting programs, standardization, and utilization management. Because of managed care organizational structure, Group Health Cooperative supply capitation contracting, as performed at GH, is discussed not as a quick fix solution but in the spirit of sharing our experience with others who may be considering it as a cost savings tactic in the context of a broad-based materiel management strategy. This article highlights the experiences of GH beginning with materiel management's business process assumptions toward multiple-franchise supply capitation.

The physical demands of Super League rugby: Experiences of a newly promoted franchise.

PubMed

Evans, S D; Brewer, C; Haigh, J D; Lake, M; Morton, J P; Close, G L

2015-01-01

The physical match demands for a newly promoted European Super League (ESL) squad were analysed over a full season using global positioning systems. Players were classified into four positional groups: outside backs (OB), pivots (PIV), middle unit forwards (MUF) and wide running forwards (WRF). MUF covered less total distance (4318 ± 570 m) than WRF (6408 ± 629 m), PIV (6549 ± 853) and OB (7246 ± 333 m) (P < 0.05) and less sprint distance (185 ± 58 m) than WRF (296 ± 82 m), PIV (306 ± 108) and OB (421 ± 89 m; P < 0.05), likely attributable to less playing time by MUF (47.8 ± 6.6 min) compared with WRF (77.0 ± 9.0 min), PIV (72.8 ± 10.6 min) and OB (86.7 ± 3.4 min; P < 0.05). Metres per minute were greater for MUF (90.8 ± 2.2 m.min(-1)) compared with OB (83.6 ± 2.8 m.min(-1)) and WRF (83.4 ± 2.4 m.min(-1); P = 0.001) although not different from PIV (90.2 ± 3.3 m.min(-1); P > 0.05). WRF (36 ± 5) and MUF (35 ± 6) were involved in more collisions than OB (20 ± 3) and PIV (23 ± 3; P < 0.05). The high-speed running and collision demands observed here were greater than that previously reported in the ESL, which may reflect increased demands placed on the lower ranked teams. The present data may be used to inform coaches if training provides the physical stimulus to adequately prepare their players for competition which may be especially pertinent for newly promoted franchises.

Motivational climate, staff and members' behaviors, and members' psychological well-being at a national fitness franchise.

PubMed

Brown, Theresa C; Fry, Mary D

2014-06-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between members' perceptions of staffs behaviors, motivational climate, their own behaviors, commitment to future exercise, and life satisfaction in a group-fitness setting. The theory-driven hypothesized mediating role of perceptions of the climate was also tested. Members (N = 5,541) of a national group-fitness studio franchise completed a survey regarding their class experiences. The survey included questions that measured participants' perceptions of the motivational climate (caring, task-involving, ego-involving), perceptions of staff's behaviors, their own behaviors, commitment to exercise, and life satisfaction. Structural equation modeling was used to assess both the association between variables and the theoretically driven predictive relationships. The participants perceived the environment as highly caring and task-involving and low ego-involving. They reported high exercise commitment and moderately high life satisfaction and perceived that the staffs and their own behaviors reflected caring, task-involving characteristics. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that those who perceived a higher caring, task-involving climate and lower ego-involving climate were more likely to report more task-involving, caring behaviors among the staff and themselves as well as greater commitment to exercise. In addition, a theory-driven mediational model suggested that staff behaviors may be an antecedent to members' exercise experiences by impacting their perceptions of the climate. The results of this study give direction to specific behaviors in which staff of group-fitness programs might engage to positively influence members' exercise experiences.

47 CFR 76.942 - Refunds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... franchising authority must return to the cable operator an amount equal to that portion of the franchise fee... return the franchise fee overcharge either in an immediate lump sum payment, or the cable operator may deduct it from the cable system's future franchise fee payments. The franchising authority has the...

47 CFR 76.942 - Refunds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... franchising authority must return to the cable operator an amount equal to that portion of the franchise fee... return the franchise fee overcharge either in an immediate lump sum payment, or the cable operator may deduct it from the cable system's future franchise fee payments. The franchising authority has the...

47 CFR 76.942 - Refunds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... franchising authority must return to the cable operator an amount equal to that portion of the franchise fee... return the franchise fee overcharge either in an immediate lump sum payment, or the cable operator may deduct it from the cable system's future franchise fee payments. The franchising authority has the...

47 CFR 76.942 - Refunds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... franchising authority must return to the cable operator an amount equal to that portion of the franchise fee... return the franchise fee overcharge either in an immediate lump sum payment, or the cable operator may deduct it from the cable system's future franchise fee payments. The franchising authority has the...

47 CFR 76.942 - Refunds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... franchising authority must return to the cable operator an amount equal to that portion of the franchise fee... return the franchise fee overcharge either in an immediate lump sum payment, or the cable operator may deduct it from the cable system's future franchise fee payments. The franchising authority has the...

16 CFR 436.8 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... franchise relationship is a fractional franchise. (3) The franchise relationship is a leased department. (4) The franchise relationship is covered by the Petroleum Marketing Practices Act, 15 U.S.C. 2801. (5)(i...: “The franchise sale is for more than $1 million—excluding the cost of unimproved land and any financing...

16 CFR 436.8 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... franchise relationship is a fractional franchise. (3) The franchise relationship is a leased department. (4) The franchise relationship is covered by the Petroleum Marketing Practices Act, 15 U.S.C. 2801. (5)(i...: “The franchise sale is for more than $1 million—excluding the cost of unimproved land and any financing...

16 CFR 436.8 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... franchise relationship is a fractional franchise. (3) The franchise relationship is a leased department. (4) The franchise relationship is covered by the Petroleum Marketing Practices Act, 15 U.S.C. 2801. (5)(i...: “The franchise sale is for more than $1,084,900—excluding the cost of unimproved land and any financing...

16 CFR 436.8 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... franchise relationship is a fractional franchise. (3) The franchise relationship is a leased department. (4) The franchise relationship is covered by the Petroleum Marketing Practices Act, 15 U.S.C. 2801. (5)(i...: “The franchise sale is for more than $1,084,900—excluding the cost of unimproved land and any financing...

75 FR 9599 - Notice of Public Information Collection Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-03

..., Franchise Application Process. Type of Review: Extension of a currently approved collection. Form Number: N... franchising authorities from unreasonably refusing to award competitive franchises for the provision of cable... 76.41(b) requires a competitive franchise applicant to include the following information in writing...

76 FR 67191 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-31

... Concerning Franchising (``Franchise Rule'' or ``Rule''). That clearance expires on December 31, 2011. DATES... INFORMATION section below. Write ``Franchise Rule, PRA Comment, FTC File No. P094400'' on your comment, and..., DC 20580, (202) 326-2970. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Franchise Rule, 16 CFR part 436. OMB...

16 CFR 436.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... year. (g) Fractional franchise means a franchise relationship that satisfies the following criteria... during the first year of operation. (h) Franchise means any continuing commercial relationship or arrangement, whatever it may be called, in which the terms of the offer or contract specify, or the franchise...

78 FR 8528 - Information Collections Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission Under Delegated...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-06

... Number: 3060-1103. Title: Section 76.41, Franchise Application Process. Type of Review: Extension of a... competitive franchises for the provision of cable services. The Commission found that the current franchising... CFR 76.41(b) requires a competitive franchise applicant to include the following information in...

47 CFR 76.309 - Customer service obligations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... obligations. (a) A cable franchise authority may enforce the customer service standards set forth in paragraph (c) of this section against cable operators. The franchise authority must provide affected cable... section; (2) A franchising authority from enforcing, through the end of the franchise term, pre-existing...

16 CFR 436.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... year. (g) Fractional franchise means a franchise relationship that satisfies the following criteria... during the first year of operation. (h) Franchise means any continuing commercial relationship or arrangement, whatever it may be called, in which the terms of the offer or contract specify, or the franchise...

16 CFR 436.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... year. (g) Fractional franchise means a franchise relationship that satisfies the following criteria... during the first year of operation. (h) Franchise means any continuing commercial relationship or arrangement, whatever it may be called, in which the terms of the offer or contract specify, or the franchise...

16 CFR 436.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... year. (g) Fractional franchise means a franchise relationship that satisfies the following criteria... during the first year of operation. (h) Franchise means any continuing commercial relationship or arrangement, whatever it may be called, in which the terms of the offer or contract specify, or the franchise...

47 CFR 76.924 - Allocation to service cost categories.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... franchise, system, regional, and/or company level(s) in a manner consistent with the accounting practices of the operator on April 3, 1993. However, in all events, cable operators shall identify at the franchise level their costs of franchise requirements, franchise fees, local taxes and local programming. (d...

16 CFR 310.6 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...), and (c); (2) The sale of franchises subject to the Commission's Rule entitled “Disclosure Requirements and Prohibitions Concerning Franchising and Business Opportunity Ventures,” (“Franchise Rule”) 16 CFR... covered by the Franchise Rule, or advertisements involving goods or services described in §§ 310.3(a)(1...

24 CFR 3500.15 - Affiliated business arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... § 3500.14(g) is a return on an ownership interest or franchise relationship. (i) In an affiliated... interest or franchise relationship, between entities in an affiliate relationship, are permissible; and (B... franchise agreement, will determine whether it is a bona fide return on an ownership interest or franchise...

47 CFR 76.924 - Allocation to service cost categories.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... franchise, system, regional, and/or company level(s) in a manner consistent with the accounting practices of the operator on April 3, 1993. However, in all events, cable operators shall identify at the franchise level their costs of franchise requirements, franchise fees, local taxes and local programming. (d...

24 CFR 3500.15 - Affiliated business arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... § 3500.14(g) is a return on an ownership interest or franchise relationship. (i) In an affiliated... interest or franchise relationship, between entities in an affiliate relationship, are permissible; and (B... franchise agreement, will determine whether it is a bona fide return on an ownership interest or franchise...

24 CFR 3500.15 - Affiliated business arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... § 3500.14(g) is a return on an ownership interest or franchise relationship. (i) In an affiliated... interest or franchise relationship, between entities in an affiliate relationship, are permissible; and (B... franchise agreement, will determine whether it is a bona fide return on an ownership interest or franchise...

12 CFR 1024.15 - Affiliated business arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... § 1024.14(g) is a return on an ownership interest or franchise relationship. (i) In an affiliated... interest or franchise relationship, between entities in an affiliate relationship, are permissible; and (B... franchise agreement, will determine whether it is a bona fide return on an ownership interest or franchise...

47 CFR 76.924 - Allocation to service cost categories.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... franchise, system, regional, and/or company level(s) in a manner consistent with the accounting practices of the operator on April 3, 1993. However, in all events, cable operators shall identify at the franchise level their costs of franchise requirements, franchise fees, local taxes and local programming. (d...

24 CFR 3500.15 - Affiliated business arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... § 3500.14(g) is a return on an ownership interest or franchise relationship. (i) In an affiliated... interest or franchise relationship, between entities in an affiliate relationship, are permissible; and (B... franchise agreement, will determine whether it is a bona fide return on an ownership interest or franchise...

47 CFR 76.924 - Allocation to service cost categories.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... franchise, system, regional, and/or company level(s) in a manner consistent with the accounting practices of the operator on April 3, 1993. However, in all events, cable operators shall identify at the franchise level their costs of franchise requirements, franchise fees, local taxes and local programming. (d...

24 CFR 3500.15 - Affiliated business arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... § 3500.14(g) is a return on an ownership interest or franchise relationship. (i) In an affiliated... interest or franchise relationship, between entities in an affiliate relationship, are permissible; and (B... franchise agreement, will determine whether it is a bona fide return on an ownership interest or franchise...

76 FR 76162 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-06

... Franchise Rule, and it mirrors the requirements and prohibitions of the original Franchise Rule. The FTC... Franchise Rule. Staff estimates that 250 or so new business opportunity sellers will enter the market each... x 3 hours per seller)). \\3\\ Based upon staff's informal discussions with several franchises in...

16 CFR 310.6 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

....4(a)(1), (a)(7), (b), and (c); (2) The sale of franchises subject to the Commission's Rule entitled “Disclosure Requirements and Prohibitions Concerning Franchising,” (“Franchise Rule”) 16 CFR part 436, and the... arrangements covered by the Franchise Rule or Business Opportunity Rule, or advertisements involving goods or...

16 CFR 436.9 - Additional prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... practice in violation of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act for any franchise seller covered by... a franchise from the franchisor or operated a franchise of the type offered by the franchisor. (2) Can provide an independent and reliable report about the franchise or the experiences of any current...

16 CFR 436.9 - Additional prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... practice in violation of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act for any franchise seller covered by... a franchise from the franchisor or operated a franchise of the type offered by the franchisor. (2) Can provide an independent and reliable report about the franchise or the experiences of any current...

16 CFR 436.9 - Additional prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... practice in violation of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act for any franchise seller covered by... a franchise from the franchisor or operated a franchise of the type offered by the franchisor. (2) Can provide an independent and reliable report about the franchise or the experiences of any current...

16 CFR 310.6 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

....4(a)(1), (a)(7), (b), and (c); (2) The sale of franchises subject to the Commission's Rule entitled “Disclosure Requirements and Prohibitions Concerning Franchising,” (“Franchise Rule”) 16 CFR part 436, and the... arrangements covered by the Franchise Rule or Business Opportunity Rule, or advertisements involving goods or...

16 CFR 310.6 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

....4(a)(1), (a)(7), (b), and (c); (2) The sale of franchises subject to the Commission's Rule entitled “Disclosure Requirements and Prohibitions Concerning Franchising,” (“Franchise Rule”) 16 CFR Part 436, and the... arrangements covered by the Franchise Rule or Business Opportunity Rule, or advertisements involving goods or...

16 CFR 436.9 - Additional prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... practice in violation of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act for any franchise seller covered by... a franchise from the franchisor or operated a franchise of the type offered by the franchisor. (2) Can provide an independent and reliable report about the franchise or the experiences of any current...

16 CFR 436.9 - Additional prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... practice in violation of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act for any franchise seller covered by... a franchise from the franchisor or operated a franchise of the type offered by the franchisor. (2) Can provide an independent and reliable report about the franchise or the experiences of any current...

16 CFR 310.6 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

....4(a)(1), (a)(7), (b), and (c); (2) The sale of franchises subject to the Commission's Rule entitled “Disclosure Requirements and Prohibitions Concerning Franchising,” (“Franchise Rule”) 16 CFR Part 436, and the... arrangements covered by the Franchise Rule or Business Opportunity Rule, or advertisements involving goods or...

16 CFR 436.3 - Cover page.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... with a cover page, in the order and form as follows: (a) The title “FRANCHISE DISCLOSURE DOCUMENT” in... begin operation of a [franchise system name] franchise is [the total amount of Item 7 (§ 436.5(g... affiliate. (2) This disclosure document summarizes certain provisions of your franchise agreement and other...

16 CFR 436.3 - Cover page.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... with a cover page, in the order and form as follows: (a) The title “FRANCHISE DISCLOSURE DOCUMENT” in... begin operation of a [franchise system name] franchise is [the total amount of Item 7 (§ 436.5(g... affiliate. (2) This disclosure document summarizes certain provisions of your franchise agreement and other...

16 CFR 436.3 - Cover page.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... with a cover page, in the order and form as follows: (a) The title “FRANCHISE DISCLOSURE DOCUMENT” in... begin operation of a [franchise system name] franchise is [the total amount of Item 7 (§ 436.5(g... affiliate. (2) This disclosure document summarizes certain provisions of your franchise agreement and other...

47 CFR 76.961 - Refunds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... franchising authority must return to the cable operator an amount equal to that portion of the franchise fee... the franchise fee overcharge either in an immediate lump sum payment, or the cable operator may deduct it from the cable system's future franchise fee payments. [58 FR 29753, May 21, 1993, as amended at...

16 CFR 436.3 - Cover page.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... with a cover page, in the order and form as follows: (a) The title “FRANCHISE DISCLOSURE DOCUMENT” in... begin operation of a [franchise system name] franchise is [the total amount of Item 7 (§ 436.5(g... affiliate. (2) This disclosure document summarizes certain provisions of your franchise agreement and other...

Kuwait: Security, Reform, and U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-07-10

2 The Franchise ...................................................................................................................... 2...Assembly, names a Prime Minister who in turn assembles a cabinet. The Franchise For at least two decades, the extent of the franchise has been a...gradually, first by extending the franchise to sons of naturalized Kuwaitis and Kuwaitis naturalized for at least 20 (as opposed to 30) years. The long

78 FR 37812 - Information Collection Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission Under Delegated...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-24

... that include all costs and fees. Cable systems that cover multiple franchise areas having differing franchise fees or other franchise costs, different channel line-ups, or different rate structures may...

Exposure to and precautions for blood and body fluids among workers in the funeral home franchises of Fort Worth, Texas.

PubMed

Nwanyanwu, O C; Tabasuri, T H; Harris, G R

1989-08-01

In 1982 the Centers for Disease Control published a set of recommendations and measures to protect persons working in health care settings or performing mortician services from possible exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus. This study of a number of funeral homes in the Fort Worth area was designed to determine the level of exposure of funeral home workers to blood and other body fluids and also to assess existing protective measures and practices in the industry. Workers in 22 funeral home franchises were surveyed with a predesigned questionnaire. Eighty-five responses from 20 of the 22 establishments were received. All 85 respondents admitted exposure of varying degrees to blood and body fluids. Sixty persons (70%) admitted heavy exposure, that is, frequent splashes. Analysis of the responses showed that 81 of 85 (95.3%) persons consistently wore gloves while performing tasks that might expose them to blood or other body fluids. Of the 60 persons who were heavily exposed, 43 wore long-sleeved gowns, 27 wore waterproof aprons, 17 surgical masks, and 15 goggles. The study further revealed that 52.9% (45/85) of the respondents had sustained accidental cuts or puncture wounds on the job. In light of these findings it is important to target educational efforts to persons in this industry to help them minimize their risks of infection with blood and body fluid borne infections.

Electronic nicotine delivery system landscape in licensed tobacco retailers: results of a county-level survey in Oklahoma

PubMed Central

Brame, L S; Mowls, D S; Damphousse, K E; Beebe, L A

2016-01-01

Objectives Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have recently emerged as a component of the tobacco retail environment. The aims of this study were to describe the availability, types of ENDS and placement of ENDS relative to traditional tobacco products at franchised licensed tobacco retailers and non-franchised licensed tobacco retailers. Design Observational study. Setting Franchised and non-franchised tobacco retailers in Cleveland County, Oklahoma, USA. Primary and secondary outcome measures The number of stores selling ENDS, the variability in brands of ENDS sold, the location of the ENDS within the retailers, the quantity of ENDS sold compared with traditional tobacco products, and the presence of outdoor signage. Results Data from 57 randomly sampled tobacco retailers were used to describe the presence of ENDS at independent non-franchised and franchised tobacco retailers. The overwhelming majority (90%) of licensed tobacco retailers sold ENDS, and differences were observed between franchised and non-franchised stores. 45 of the 51 retailers (88%) selling ENDS had them placed at the point of sale. 2 of the 21 franchised retailers (9.5%) had ENDS placed at ≤3½ feet above floor level compared to none of the 30 non-franchised retailers (0%). Conclusions This small study is the first to characterise ENDS within the tobacco retail environment in a county in Oklahoma, USA. The results from this study demonstrate the complexity of the tobacco retail landscape and generate questions for future studies regarding the incorporation and placement of ENDS in tobacco retail environments. PMID:27266774

47 CFR 76.985 - Subscriber bill itemization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) The amount of the total bill assessed as a franchise fee and the identity of the franchising authority... imposed on the cable operator by the franchise agreement to support public, educational, or governmental...

47 CFR 76.985 - Subscriber bill itemization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) The amount of the total bill assessed as a franchise fee and the identity of the franchising authority... imposed on the cable operator by the franchise agreement to support public, educational, or governmental...

47 CFR 76.956 - Cable operator response.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... directed by the local franchising authority, a cable operator must file with the local franchise authority... filing. The cable operator must file its response with the local franchise authority via first class mail...

47 CFR 76.985 - Subscriber bill itemization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) The amount of the total bill assessed as a franchise fee and the identity of the franchising authority... imposed on the cable operator by the franchise agreement to support public, educational, or governmental...

47 CFR 76.985 - Subscriber bill itemization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) The amount of the total bill assessed as a franchise fee and the identity of the franchising authority... imposed on the cable operator by the franchise agreement to support public, educational, or governmental...

47 CFR 76.985 - Subscriber bill itemization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) The amount of the total bill assessed as a franchise fee and the identity of the franchising authority... imposed on the cable operator by the franchise agreement to support public, educational, or governmental...

76 FR 21738 - Notice of Public Information Collection(s) Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-18

... in writing to its franchise authority at any time that it meets all criteria necessary to qualify as... information by the local franchising authority. An operator may appeal to the Commission a local franchise...

Toward a More Efficient Military Exchange System

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-07-01

Corps exchanges to use AAFES facility design and construction services. 0 Require the Navy and Marine Corps to adopt the AAFES food service franchising ... Franchising Development The Navy (NAVRESSO) is about to centrally develop and implement some in- house food franchising concepts. AAFES already has such...chose to implement the AAFES concepts. From the results of initial surveys, AAFES believes that introducing all of its food franchising concepts on all

Study of the impacts of regulations affecting the acceptance of Integrated Community Energy Systems: public utility, energy facility siting and municipal franchising regulatory programs in Arizona. Preliminary background report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Feurer, D.A.; Weaver, C.L.; Gallagher, K.C.

1980-01-01

This report is one of a series of preliminary reports describing the laws and regulatory programs of the United States and each of the 50 states affecting the siting and operation of energy generating facilities likely to be used in Integrated Community Energy Systems (ICES). Public utility regulatory statutes, energy facility siting programs, and municipal franchising authority are examined to identify how they may impact on the ability of an organization, whether or not it be a regulated utility, to construct and operate an ICES. This report describes laws and regulatory programs in Arizona. The Arizona state constitution establishes themore » Arizona Corporation Commission to regulate public service corporations. Within the area of its jurisdiction, the Commission has exclusive power and may not be interfered with by the legislature except in one narrow instance as described in the case Corporation Commission v. Pacific Greyhound Lines.« less

Can Exceptional, Visually Impaired Graduate Students, Educationally Funded by their use of Initially Profit-free Franchised Naturoptics, be Recruited to Proposed Native American Universities, and their Mentor Partners with Joint-degree Agreements?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferreira, Nadja; McLeod, David; McLeod, Roger

2006-10-01

Naturoptic Vision Improvement Methods developed and first propagated in the Americas can be transferred to other locales, particularly to Germany, Austria, and German-speaking areas of Switzerland, and to British (or former) Commonwealth areas, France, Greece, Russia, and diverse areas of Africa and Asia, particularly Japan. The method will attempt to mimic any successful transplants already in progress, or in the planning stages. It will consist primarily in recruiting visually impaired students who have finished their undergraduate work, and who are outstanding enough to be admitted into an appropriate university of their choice. Joint-degree linkages with universities in mentoring agreements with any potential universities, naturopathic or otherwise, are among our favorites. Potential faculty for proposed universities will have longer term use of an appropriate franchise in some profit- free franchisor agreements.

Electronic nicotine delivery system landscape in licensed tobacco retailers: results of a county-level survey in Oklahoma.

PubMed

Brame, L S; Mowls, D S; Damphousse, K E; Beebe, L A

2016-06-06

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have recently emerged as a component of the tobacco retail environment. The aims of this study were to describe the availability, types of ENDS and placement of ENDS relative to traditional tobacco products at franchised licensed tobacco retailers and non-franchised licensed tobacco retailers. Observational study. Franchised and non-franchised tobacco retailers in Cleveland County, Oklahoma, USA. The number of stores selling ENDS, the variability in brands of ENDS sold, the location of the ENDS within the retailers, the quantity of ENDS sold compared with traditional tobacco products, and the presence of outdoor signage. Data from 57 randomly sampled tobacco retailers were used to describe the presence of ENDS at independent non-franchised and franchised tobacco retailers. The overwhelming majority (90%) of licensed tobacco retailers sold ENDS, and differences were observed between franchised and non-franchised stores. 45 of the 51 retailers (88%) selling ENDS had them placed at the point of sale. 2 of the 21 franchised retailers (9.5%) had ENDS placed at ≤3½ feet above floor level compared to none of the 30 non-franchised retailers (0%). This small study is the first to characterise ENDS within the tobacco retail environment in a county in Oklahoma, USA. The results from this study demonstrate the complexity of the tobacco retail landscape and generate questions for future studies regarding the incorporation and placement of ENDS in tobacco retail environments. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

Improving the Military Household Goods Movement Program

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-06-01

They include the central franchise firms, local agencies, over-the-road vehicles and owner-operators [Ref. 37: p. 3-1]. However, the central franchise ...corporate logo may appear on the local agency and over-the-road vehicles. The central franchise firms are used for central dispatch and proper traffic...outbound and inbound moves which are normally dispatched and controlled :he central franchise firm. The last group. the owner-operators, will load, haul

48 CFR 41.201 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... utility franchises or service territories established pursuant to state statute, state regulation, or... having applicable state-approved franchise or other service authorizations are found by the Secretary to... service, including state utility commission rulings and electric utility franchises or service territories...

26 CFR 1.197-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

.... (9) Covenants not to compete and other similar arrangements. (10) Franchises, trademarks, and trade...) Exceptions. (10) Professional sports franchises. (11) Mortgage servicing rights. (12) Certain transaction... going concern value. (2) Franchise, trademark, or trade name. (i) In general. (ii) Exceptions. (3...

48 CFR 41.201 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... utility franchises or service territories established pursuant to state statute, state regulation, or... having applicable state-approved franchise or other service authorizations are found by the Secretary to... service, including state utility commission rulings and electric utility franchises or service territories...

26 CFR 1.197-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

.... (9) Covenants not to compete and other similar arrangements. (10) Franchises, trademarks, and trade...) Exceptions. (10) Professional sports franchises. (11) Mortgage servicing rights. (12) Certain transaction... going concern value. (2) Franchise, trademark, or trade name. (i) In general. (ii) Exceptions. (3...

48 CFR 41.201 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... utility franchises or service territories established pursuant to state statute, state regulation, or... having applicable state-approved franchise or other service authorizations are found by the Secretary to... service, including state utility commission rulings and electric utility franchises or service territories...

48 CFR 41.201 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... utility franchises or service territories established pursuant to state statute, state regulation, or... having applicable state-approved franchise or other service authorizations are found by the Secretary to... service, including state utility commission rulings and electric utility franchises or service territories...

48 CFR 41.201 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... utility franchises or service territories established pursuant to state statute, state regulation, or... having applicable state-approved franchise or other service authorizations are found by the Secretary to... service, including state utility commission rulings and electric utility franchises or service territories...

26 CFR 1.197-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... (9) Covenants not to compete and other similar arrangements. (10) Franchises, trademarks, and trade...) Exceptions. (10) Professional sports franchises. (11) Mortgage servicing rights. (12) Certain transaction... going concern value. (2) Franchise, trademark, or trade name. (i) In general. (ii) Exceptions. (3...

26 CFR 1.197-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

.... (9) Covenants not to compete and other similar arrangements. (10) Franchises, trademarks, and trade...) Exceptions. (10) Professional sports franchises. (11) Mortgage servicing rights. (12) Certain transaction... going concern value. (2) Franchise, trademark, or trade name. (i) In general. (ii) Exceptions. (3...

From franchise to state commission: Regulation of the electric utility industry, 1907 to 1932

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reutter, Keith Alan

1997-09-01

Empirical research into the effects of regulation on industry has been around since the early 1960s. Over the last thirty plus years a number of interesting results have been brought to the fore. For instance, it has been found that regulation of the trucking industry limits entry and increases prices. A similar result has been pointed to in other industries such as commercial airlines and banking. The effect of the state commission form of regulation on the electric utility industry has been less conclusive. State commissions became dominant during the period 1910-1930, replacing local franchising as a method of regulating the electric utility industry. Two competing theories suggest why this transformation took place, the "capture" and "public interest" theories of regulation. The capture theory of regulation suggests that the electric utility industry demanded state regulation as a way to earn above normal profits and reduce competition. The public interest theory suggests the purpose of regulation by state commissions was to benefit the general public by forcing the industry to be competitive. Few studies have tried to determine which theory more aptly describes the actual events that took place. The empirical model developed in Chapter V, is an extension of the current literature. A set of simultaneous equations describing the natural gas and electricity markets is estimated using cross-sectional time-series data from 1907 to 1932. The effect of regulation on the electric utility industry is modeled with a dummy variable taking on a value of one to designate that a state commission had been established. The results suggest the capture theory of regulation best describes the period under study. The empirical estimates indicate that state commissions (1) reduced the rate at which the real price of electricity was falling, (2) had a negative impact on firms entering the industry, (3) had a positive influence on the cost of producing a kwh of electricity, and (4

49 CFR 599.200 - Registration of participating dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... franchise agreement to sell new automobiles with an original equipment manufacturer of automobiles; (4) A...) Dealer's Federal Tax Identification Number (TIN) and OEM assigned dealer franchise number; (ii) Legal.... (e) Revocation of Dealer Registration. (1) Termination or Discontinuance of Franchise. (i) A dealer...

12 CFR 1024.15 - Affiliated business arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... interest or franchise relationship. (i) In an affiliated business arrangement: (A) Bona fide dividends, and capital or equity distributions, related to ownership interest or franchise relationship, between entities... corporate or partnership organizational document or a franchise agreement, will determine whether it is a...

49 CFR 599.200 - Registration of participating dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... franchise agreement to sell new automobiles with an original equipment manufacturer of automobiles; (4) A...) Dealer's Federal Tax Identification Number (TIN) and OEM assigned dealer franchise number; (ii) Legal.... (e) Revocation of Dealer Registration. (1) Termination or Discontinuance of Franchise. (i) A dealer...

49 CFR 599.200 - Registration of participating dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... franchise agreement to sell new automobiles with an original equipment manufacturer of automobiles; (4) A...) Dealer's Federal Tax Identification Number (TIN) and OEM assigned dealer franchise number; (ii) Legal.... (e) Revocation of Dealer Registration. (1) Termination or Discontinuance of Franchise. (i) A dealer...

12 CFR 1024.15 - Affiliated business arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... interest or franchise relationship. (i) In an affiliated business arrangement: (A) Bona fide dividends, and capital or equity distributions, related to ownership interest or franchise relationship, between entities... corporate or partnership organizational document or a franchise agreement, will determine whether it is a...

49 CFR 599.200 - Registration of participating dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... franchise agreement to sell new automobiles with an original equipment manufacturer of automobiles; (4) A...) Dealer's Federal Tax Identification Number (TIN) and OEM assigned dealer franchise number; (ii) Legal.... (e) Revocation of Dealer Registration. (1) Termination or Discontinuance of Franchise. (i) A dealer...

49 CFR 599.200 - Registration of participating dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... franchise agreement to sell new automobiles with an original equipment manufacturer of automobiles; (4) A...) Dealer's Federal Tax Identification Number (TIN) and OEM assigned dealer franchise number; (ii) Legal.... (e) Revocation of Dealer Registration. (1) Termination or Discontinuance of Franchise. (i) A dealer...

47 CFR 32.2690 - Intangibles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... government franchises, the original cost of patent rights, and other intangible property having a life of... not be carried over. (g) Franchise taxes payable annually or more frequently shall be charged to... as initial consideration for franchises or similar rights. (Note also Account 6720, General...

47 CFR 32.2690 - Intangibles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... government franchises, the original cost of patent rights, and other intangible property having a life of... not be carried over. (g) Franchise taxes payable annually or more frequently shall be charged to... as initial consideration for franchises or similar rights. (Note also Account 6720, General...

75 FR 20257 - Amendment of the Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program To Extend the Transaction Account...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-19

..., the loss of longstanding large depositor relationships would negatively affect IDIs' deposit franchise... large deposits, thereby preserving deposit franchise value and supporting the rebuilding of earnings and... transaction accounts that may leave the IDIs in the absence of the TAG program extension will reduce franchise...

47 CFR 32.2690 - Intangibles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... government franchises, the original cost of patent rights, and other intangible property having a life of... not be carried over. (g) Franchise taxes payable annually or more frequently shall be charged to... as initial consideration for franchises or similar rights. (Note also Account 6720, General...

47 CFR 32.2690 - Intangibles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... government franchises, the original cost of patent rights, and other intangible property having a life of... not be carried over. (g) Franchise taxes payable annually or more frequently shall be charged to... as initial consideration for franchises or similar rights. (Note also Account 6720, General...

76 FR 59397 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Extension

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-26

... in March of 2007, concurrently with the amendment of the Franchise Rule. Part 437 mirrors the requirements and prohibitions of the original Franchise Rule, and imposes no additional disclosure or... to include a broader array of business opportunities than those covered by the original Franchise...

Kuwait: Security, Reform, and U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-12-06

2 The Franchise ...outside the Assembly, however, have participated in opposition demonstrations. The Franchise For at least two decades, the extent of the... franchise has been a closely watched indicator of Kuwait’s political liberalization, and there has been clear progress. The government has expanded the

26 CFR 1.197-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... compete and other similar arrangements. (10) Franchises, trademarks, and trade names. (11) Contracts for... franchises. (11) Mortgage servicing rights. (12) Certain transaction costs. (13) Rights of fixed duration or...-churning rules. (e) Purchase of a trade or business. (1) Goodwill or going concern value. (2) Franchise...

32 CFR 231.8 - Procedures-overseas credit unions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... geographic franchise. (2) The extension of credit union service overseas is encouraged consistent with the... geographic franchise with a specific field of membership, the Secretary of the Military Department (or... geographic franchises assigned to credit unions serving DoD overseas installations. (ii) Where there is no Do...

32 CFR 231.8 - Procedures-overseas credit unions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... geographic franchise. (2) The extension of credit union service overseas is encouraged consistent with the... geographic franchise with a specific field of membership, the Secretary of the Military Department (or... geographic franchises assigned to credit unions serving DoD overseas installations. (ii) Where there is no Do...

32 CFR 231.8 - Procedures-overseas credit unions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... geographic franchise. (2) The extension of credit union service overseas is encouraged consistent with the... geographic franchise with a specific field of membership, the Secretary of the Military Department (or... geographic franchises assigned to credit unions serving DoD overseas installations. (ii) Where there is no Do...

78 FR 17473 - United States v. Verizon Communications Inc., et al.; Public Comments and Response on Proposed...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-21

... existing franchise obligations, Verizon is required to build FiOS to millions of additional households over... additional franchise agreements or build beyond where it is obligated under existing agreements, and had chosen to focus on increasing its penetration in areas where it has already obtained cable franchise...

32 CFR 231.8 - Procedures-overseas credit unions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... geographic franchise. (2) The extension of credit union service overseas is encouraged consistent with the... geographic franchise with a specific field of membership, the Secretary of the Military Department (or... geographic franchises assigned to credit unions serving DoD overseas installations. (ii) Where there is no Do...

47 CFR 76.1402 - CPST rate complaints.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... local franchise authority may file rate complaints with the Commission within 180 days of the effective... that increase the local franchise authority receives more than one subscriber complaint concerning the increase. (b) Before filing a rate complaint with the Commission, the local franchise authority must first...

32 CFR 231.8 - Procedures-overseas credit unions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... geographic franchise. (2) The extension of credit union service overseas is encouraged consistent with the... geographic franchise with a specific field of membership, the Secretary of the Military Department (or... geographic franchises assigned to credit unions serving DoD overseas installations. (ii) Where there is no Do...

78 FR 2993 - Information Collections Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission Under Delegated...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-15

... 15, 1994. Cable operators submit this form to local franchising authorities (``LFAs'') or the... CFR 76.911(a) states a cable operator (or other interested party) may challenge a franchising... under this section. (2) The franchising authority does not meet the certification standards set forth in...

Cable Television Report and Suggested Ordinance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

League of California Cities, Sacramento.

Guidelines and suggested ordinances for cable television regulation by local governments are comprehensively discussed in this report. The emphasis is placed on franchising the cable operator. Seventeen legal aspects of franchising are reviewed, and an exemplary ordinance is presented. In addition, current statistics about cable franchising in…

47 CFR 76.905 - Standards for identification of cable systems subject to effective competition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... than 30 percent of the households in its franchise area subscribe to the cable service of a cable system. (2) The franchise area is: (i) Served by at least two unaffiliated multichannel video programming... franchise area; and (ii) the number of households subscribing to multichannel video programming other than...

47 CFR 76.986 - “A la carte” offerings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... an extended 120 day period (if the franchise authority has requested an additional 90 days) pursuant... to the Commission within 14 days of the initial decision. Operators shall provide notice to franchise... provide notice to franchise authorities of their decision to appeal to the Commission within this period...

47 CFR 76.986 - “A la carte” offerings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... an extended 120 day period (if the franchise authority has requested an additional 90 days) pursuant... to the Commission within 14 days of the initial decision. Operators shall provide notice to franchise... provide notice to franchise authorities of their decision to appeal to the Commission within this period...

47 CFR 76.986 - “A la carte” offerings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... an extended 120 day period (if the franchise authority has requested an additional 90 days) pursuant... to the Commission within 14 days of the initial decision. Operators shall provide notice to franchise... provide notice to franchise authorities of their decision to appeal to the Commission within this period...

47 CFR 76.905 - Standards for identification of cable systems subject to effective competition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... than 30 percent of the households in its franchise area subscribe to the cable service of a cable system. (2) The franchise area is: (i) Served by at least two unaffiliated multichannel video programming... franchise area; and (ii) the number of households subscribing to multichannel video programming other than...

77 FR 1723 - Proposed Concession Contract for Shenandoah National Park-Alternative Formula for Calculating...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-11

... we include in concession contracts a franchise fee payable to the Government that is based upon... establish the required minimum franchise fee for the new contract, that fee will reflect speculative... concessioner offers to meet or exceed the minimum franchise fee that we would establish under the standard LSI...

47 CFR 76.986 - “A la carte” offerings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... an extended 120 day period (if the franchise authority has requested an additional 90 days) pursuant... to the Commission within 14 days of the initial decision. Operators shall provide notice to franchise... provide notice to franchise authorities of their decision to appeal to the Commission within this period...

47 CFR 76.905 - Standards for identification of cable systems subject to effective competition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... than 30 percent of the households in its franchise area subscribe to the cable service of a cable system. (2) The franchise area is: (i) Served by at least two unaffiliated multichannel video programming... franchise area; and (ii) the number of households subscribing to multichannel video programming other than...

47 CFR 76.986 - “A la carte” offerings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... an extended 120 day period (if the franchise authority has requested an additional 90 days) pursuant... to the Commission within 14 days of the initial decision. Operators shall provide notice to franchise... provide notice to franchise authorities of their decision to appeal to the Commission within this period...

47 CFR 76.905 - Standards for identification of cable systems subject to effective competition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... than 30 percent of the households in its franchise area subscribe to the cable service of a cable system. (2) The franchise area is: (i) Served by at least two unaffiliated multichannel video programming... franchise area; and (ii) the number of households subscribing to multichannel video programming other than...

75 FR 78940 - Sales-Based Royalties and Vendor Allowances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-17

... acquired for resale. These costs include licensing and franchise costs incurred in securing the contractual... capitalizable licensing and franchise costs within the meaning of Sec. 1.263A-1(e)(3)(ii)(U). The proposed... produced or property acquired for resale: * * * * * (U) Licensing and franchise costs. (1) * * * These...

47 CFR 76.938 - Proprietary information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Rate Regulation § 76.938 Proprietary information. A franchising authority... Form 393 (and/or FCC Forms 1200/1205) filing or a cost-of-service showing. The franchising authority... specifically relates. Upon request to the franchising authority, the parties to a rate proceeding shall have...

77 FR 2981 - Information Collection Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission Under Delegated...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-20

... INFORMATION: OMB Control Number: 3060-0565. Title: Section 76.944, Commission Review of Franchising Authority... impact(s). Needs and Uses: 47 CFR 76.944(b) provides that any participant at the franchising authority level in a ratemaking proceeding may file an appeal of the franchising authority's decision with the...

GSA’s Guidance and Oversight Concerning Areawide Utility Contracts

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-12-17

providers enter into areawide contracts to cover the service needs of federal agencies within the utility’s franchise territory. The franchise territory...is a geographical area that a utility has a right to serve on the basis of a franchise or other legal means. Areawide contracts provide a

48 CFR 41.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... service supplier to cover utility service needs of Federal agencies within the franchise territory of the..., transports, controls, and sells electrical and water supply service to customers. Franchise territory means a geographical area that a utility supplier has a right to serve based upon a franchise, a certificate of public...

47 CFR 76.505 - Prohibition on buy outs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... operator's franchise area. (c) A local exchange carrier and a cable operator whose telephone service area and cable franchise area, respectively, are in the same market may not enter into any joint venture or... exchange service in its cable franchise area) may obtain a controlling interest in, management interest in...

16 CFR 436.2 - Obligation to furnish documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... documents. In connection with the offer or sale of a franchise to be located in the United States of America... in connection with the proposed franchise sale. (b) For any franchisor to alter unilaterally and materially the terms and conditions of the basic franchise agreement or any related agreements attached to...

7 CFR 1717.151 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., liabilities, franchises and powers of those passing out of existence; (2) A merger where one company is... its own identity and acquiring the assets, liabilities, franchises and powers of the former; or (3) A... entirety the assets, liabilities, franchises, and powers of the transferor. New loan means a loan to a...

48 CFR 41.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... service supplier to cover utility service needs of Federal agencies within the franchise territory of the..., transports, controls, and sells electrical and water supply service to customers. Franchise territory means a geographical area that a utility supplier has a right to serve based upon a franchise, a certificate of public...

48 CFR 41.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... service supplier to cover utility service needs of Federal agencies within the franchise territory of the..., transports, controls, and sells electrical and water supply service to customers. Franchise territory means a geographical area that a utility supplier has a right to serve based upon a franchise, a certificate of public...

7 CFR 1717.151 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., liabilities, franchises and powers of those passing out of existence; (2) A merger where one company is... its own identity and acquiring the assets, liabilities, franchises and powers of the former; or (3) A... entirety the assets, liabilities, franchises, and powers of the transferor. New loan means a loan to a...

75 FR 29573 - Concession Contracts; Implementation of Alternate Valuation Formula for Leasehold Surrender...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-26

... to establish the required minimum franchise fee for the new contract under the terms of the standard.... Likewise, if a prospective concessioner offered to meet or exceed the minimum franchise fee established by..., its minimum franchise fee will result in a less than fair return to the government. NPS therefore...

47 CFR 76.505 - Prohibition on buy outs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... operator's franchise area. (c) A local exchange carrier and a cable operator whose telephone service area and cable franchise area, respectively, are in the same market may not enter into any joint venture or... exchange service in its cable franchise area) may obtain a controlling interest in, management interest in...

7 CFR 1717.151 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., liabilities, franchises and powers of those passing out of existence; (2) A merger where one company is... its own identity and acquiring the assets, liabilities, franchises and powers of the former; or (3) A... entirety the assets, liabilities, franchises, and powers of the transferor. New loan means a loan to a...

77 FR 30321 - Proposed Concession Contract for Yellowstone National Park-Alternative Formula for Calculating...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-22

... franchise fee payable to the Government that is based upon consideration of the probable value to the... depreciation. Thus, if we use the standard LSI formula to establish the required minimum franchise fee for the... franchise fee that we would establish under the standard LSI formula, this business decision relies on...

7 CFR 1717.151 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., liabilities, franchises and powers of those passing out of existence; (2) A merger where one company is... its own identity and acquiring the assets, liabilities, franchises and powers of the former; or (3) A... entirety the assets, liabilities, franchises, and powers of the transferor. New loan means a loan to a...

16 CFR 436.2 - Obligation to furnish documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... documents. In connection with the offer or sale of a franchise to be located in the United States of America... in connection with the proposed franchise sale. (b) For any franchisor to alter unilaterally and materially the terms and conditions of the basic franchise agreement or any related agreements attached to...

7 CFR 1717.151 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., liabilities, franchises and powers of those passing out of existence; (2) A merger where one company is... its own identity and acquiring the assets, liabilities, franchises and powers of the former; or (3) A... entirety the assets, liabilities, franchises, and powers of the transferor. New loan means a loan to a...

16 CFR 436.2 - Obligation to furnish documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... documents. In connection with the offer or sale of a franchise to be located in the United States of America... in connection with the proposed franchise sale. (b) For any franchisor to alter unilaterally and materially the terms and conditions of the basic franchise agreement or any related agreements attached to...

75 FR 54179 - National Park Service Concession Contracts; Implementation of Alternative Valuation Formula for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-03

... reflects in part the requirement of the 1998 Act that NPS include in concession contracts a franchise fee... consequence, if the NPS were to establish the required minimum franchise fee for the new contract under the... a prospective concessioner offers to meet or exceed the minimum franchise fee established by NPS...

16 CFR 436.2 - Obligation to furnish documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... documents. In connection with the offer or sale of a franchise to be located in the United States of America... in connection with the proposed franchise sale. (b) For any franchisor to alter unilaterally and materially the terms and conditions of the basic franchise agreement or any related agreements attached to...

48 CFR 41.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... service supplier to cover utility service needs of Federal agencies within the franchise territory of the..., transports, controls, and sells electrical and water supply service to customers. Franchise territory means a geographical area that a utility supplier has a right to serve based upon a franchise, a certificate of public...

16 CFR 436.2 - Obligation to furnish documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... documents. In connection with the offer or sale of a franchise to be located in the United States of America... in connection with the proposed franchise sale. (b) For any franchisor to alter unilaterally and materially the terms and conditions of the basic franchise agreement or any related agreements attached to...

48 CFR 41.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... service supplier to cover utility service needs of Federal agencies within the franchise territory of the..., transports, controls, and sells electrical and water supply service to customers. Franchise territory means a geographical area that a utility supplier has a right to serve based upon a franchise, a certificate of public...

An Assessment and Application of Advances in Communication Technologies to Air Force Public Affairs Programs

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-12-01

CHAPTER 4: CABLE TELEVISION FRANCHISING FOR AIR FORCE BASES .................................. 37 Cable Television - A Brief History...38 Cable Television and Franchise Authorities .............. 41 Cable Television on Air Force Bases ................... 47 Taking Action at... Franchise Renewals .................. 49 Calling for Action on Cable TV ....................... 51 CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATING BEYOND TECHNOLOGY ...... 53 Is New

47 CFR 76.943 - Fines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Rate Regulation § 76.943 Fines. (a) A franchising authority may impose fines or... specifically at the cable operator, provided the franchising authority has such power under state or local laws. (b) If a cable operator willfully fails to comply with the terms of any franchising authority's order...

47 CFR 76.945 - Procedures for Commission review of basic service rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... schedule with the Commission within 30 days, with a copy to the local franchising authority. (b) Basic... cable operator and the local franchising authority. The cable operator may file an opposition within... franchising authority. (d) Filings proposing a rate not within the rate regulation standards of §§ 76.922 and...

Case Study: Does training of private networks of Family Planning clinicians in urban Pakistan affect service utilization?

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background To determine whether training of providers participating in franchise clinic networks is associated with increased Family Planning service use among low-income urban families in Pakistan. Methods The study uses 2001 survey data consisting of interviews with 1113 clinical and non-clinical providers working in public and private hospitals/clinics. Data analysis excludes non-clinical providers reducing sample size to 822. Variables for the analysis are divided into client volume, and training in family planning. Regression models are used to compute the association between training and service use in franchise versus private non-franchise clinics. Results In franchise clinic networks, staff are 6.5 times more likely to receive family planning training (P = 0.00) relative to private non-franchises. Service use was significantly associated with training (P = 0.00), franchise affiliation (P = 0.01), providers' years of family planning experience (P = 0.02) and the number of trained staff working at government owned clinics (P = 0.00). In this setting, nurses are significantly less likely to receive training compared to doctors (P = 0.00). Conclusions These findings suggest that franchises recruit and train various cadres of health workers and training maybe associated with increased service use through improvement in quality of services. PMID:21062460

Case Study: Does training of private networks of Family Planning clinicians in urban Pakistan affect service utilization?

PubMed

Qureshi, Asma M

2010-11-09

To determine whether training of providers participating in franchise clinic networks is associated with increased Family Planning service use among low-income urban families in Pakistan. The study uses 2001 survey data consisting of interviews with 1113 clinical and non-clinical providers working in public and private hospitals/clinics. Data analysis excludes non-clinical providers reducing sample size to 822. Variables for the analysis are divided into client volume, and training in family planning. Regression models are used to compute the association between training and service use in franchise versus private non-franchise clinics. In franchise clinic networks, staff are 6.5 times more likely to receive family planning training (P = 0.00) relative to private non-franchises. Service use was significantly associated with training (P = 0.00), franchise affiliation (P = 0.01), providers' years of family planning experience (P = 0.02) and the number of trained staff working at government owned clinics (P = 0.00). In this setting, nurses are significantly less likely to receive training compared to doctors (P = 0.00). These findings suggest that franchises recruit and train various cadres of health workers and training maybe associated with increased service use through improvement in quality of services.

47 CFR 76.990 - Small cable operators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... December 31, 1994, in any franchise area in which that operator services 50,000 or fewer subscribers. (b) Procedures. (1) A small cable operator, may certify in writing to its franchise authority at any time that it... appeal to the Commission a local franchise authority's information request if the operator seeks to...

47 CFR 27.1202 - Cable/BRS cross-ownership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... portion of the franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system and the cable operator... franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system the cable operator will use the BRS... that no portion of the GSA of the BRS station is within the portion of the franchise area actually...

47 CFR 27.1202 - Cable/BRS cross-ownership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... portion of the franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system and the cable operator... franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system the cable operator will use the BRS... that no portion of the GSA of the BRS station is within the portion of the franchise area actually...

29 CFR 779.229 - Other arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.229 Other arrangements. With respect to those arrangements...” establishment will be considered a part of the same “enterprise.” For example, whether a franchise, lease, or... the enterprise which grants the franchise, right, or concession. (S. Rept. 145, 87th Cong., 1st Sess...

29 CFR 779.229 - Other arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.229 Other arrangements. With respect to those arrangements...” establishment will be considered a part of the same “enterprise.” For example, whether a franchise, lease, or... the enterprise which grants the franchise, right, or concession. (S. Rept. 145, 87th Cong., 1st Sess...

29 CFR 779.229 - Other arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.229 Other arrangements. With respect to those arrangements...” establishment will be considered a part of the same “enterprise.” For example, whether a franchise, lease, or... the enterprise which grants the franchise, right, or concession. (S. Rept. 145, 87th Cong., 1st Sess...

47 CFR 27.1202 - Cable/BRS cross-ownership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... portion of the franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system and the cable operator... franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system the cable operator will use the BRS... that no portion of the GSA of the BRS station is within the portion of the franchise area actually...

47 CFR 76.990 - Small cable operators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... December 31, 1994, in any franchise area in which that operator services 50,000 or fewer subscribers. (b) Procedures. (1) A small cable operator, may certify in writing to its franchise authority at any time that it... appeal to the Commission a local franchise authority's information request if the operator seeks to...

47 CFR 27.1202 - Cable/BRS cross-ownership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... portion of the franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system and the cable operator... franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system the cable operator will use the BRS... that no portion of the GSA of the BRS station is within the portion of the franchise area actually...

29 CFR 779.229 - Other arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.229 Other arrangements. With respect to those arrangements...” establishment will be considered a part of the same “enterprise.” For example, whether a franchise, lease, or... the enterprise which grants the franchise, right, or concession. (S. Rept. 145, 87th Cong., 1st Sess...

29 CFR 779.229 - Other arrangements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.229 Other arrangements. With respect to those arrangements...” establishment will be considered a part of the same “enterprise.” For example, whether a franchise, lease, or... the enterprise which grants the franchise, right, or concession. (S. Rept. 145, 87th Cong., 1st Sess...

77 FR 36924 - Airport Concessions Disadvantaged Business Enterprise: Program Improvements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-20

... financing or a franchise agreement for the initiation or expansion of his or her ACDBE firm (or have in fact... firm obtains financing, a loan, or a franchise agreement after the effective date of this rule change..., a loan, or a franchise agreement obtained before the effective date of this change, that calculation...

47 CFR 76.990 - Small cable operators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... December 31, 1994, in any franchise area in which that operator services 50,000 or fewer subscribers. (b) Procedures. (1) A small cable operator, may certify in writing to its franchise authority at any time that it... appeal to the Commission a local franchise authority's information request if the operator seeks to...

47 CFR 76.990 - Small cable operators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... December 31, 1994, in any franchise area in which that operator services 50,000 or fewer subscribers. (b) Procedures. (1) A small cable operator, may certify in writing to its franchise authority at any time that it... appeal to the Commission a local franchise authority's information request if the operator seeks to...

47 CFR 76.990 - Small cable operators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... December 31, 1994, in any franchise area in which that operator services 50,000 or fewer subscribers. (b) Procedures. (1) A small cable operator, may certify in writing to its franchise authority at any time that it... appeal to the Commission a local franchise authority's information request if the operator seeks to...

47 CFR 76.937 - Burden of proof.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... rate. (d) A franchising authority or the Commission may find a cable operator that does not attempt to... §§ 76.940, 76.941, and 76.942. (e) A franchising authority or the Commission may order a cable operator that has filed a facially incomplete form to file supplemental information, and the franchising...

Rates of IUCD discontinuation and its associated factors among the clients of a social franchising network in Pakistan

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Modern Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is very safe, highly effective reversible and inexpensive family planning method which offers 5-10 years of protection against pregnancy. The contraceptive use in Pakistan has been merely 30% for over a decade with IUCD being the least used method. Higher discontinuation rates are documented in developing countries; however no such data is available for Pakistan. Marie Stopes Society (MSS) established a social franchise outlets network branded as 'SURAJ' (Sun) in Pakistan to provide quality family planning services. This study attempts to determine IUCD discontinuation rates and its associated risk factors. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 3000 clients who availed IUCD services from Suraj provider 6, 12 and 24 month back,. Data were analyzed in SPSS 17.0; adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated to see associations between discontinuation and its risk factors. Case presentation We found that 22.7% of the IUCD acceptors experienced some health problem; while the overall discontinuation rate was 18.9% with average time of usage of 7.4 (SD ± 5.8) months before discontinuation. Half of them showed health concerns (49.8%); of which a majority (70.2%) returned to Suraj provider for IUCD removal. Women living in Punjab, residing at a travelling time of 30-60 minutes and no previous use of contraceptive are more likely to discontinue IUCD. However, among total women 81.7% still expressed willingness to avail IUCD services from Suraj provider in future, if needed. Conclusion The findings suggest a need for training the providers and field workers to prevent early discontinuation of IUCD among the Suraj clients and by addressing the health concerns through proper counseling, continued follow-up and immediate medical aid/referral in case of complications. PMID:22458444

Rates of IUCD discontinuation and its associated factors among the clients of a social franchising network in Pakistan.

PubMed

Azmat, Syed Khurram; Shaikh, Babar Tasneem; Hameed, Waqas; Bilgrami, Mohsina; Mustafa, Ghulam; Ali, Muhammad; Ishaque, Muhammad; Hussain, Wajahat; Ahmed, Aftab

2012-03-29

Modern Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is very safe, highly effective reversible and inexpensive family planning method which offers 5-10 years of protection against pregnancy. The contraceptive use in Pakistan has been merely 30% for over a decade with IUCD being the least used method. Higher discontinuation rates are documented in developing countries; however no such data is available for Pakistan. Marie Stopes Society (MSS) established a social franchise outlets network branded as 'SURAJ' (Sun) in Pakistan to provide quality family planning services. This study attempts to determine IUCD discontinuation rates and its associated risk factors. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 3000 clients who availed IUCD services from Suraj provider 6, 12 and 24 month back,. Data were analyzed in SPSS 17.0; adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated to see associations between discontinuation and its risk factors. We found that 22.7% of the IUCD acceptors experienced some health problem; while the overall discontinuation rate was 18.9% with average time of usage of 7.4 (SD ± 5.8) months before discontinuation. Half of them showed health concerns (49.8%); of which a majority (70.2%) returned to Suraj provider for IUCD removal. Women living in Punjab, residing at a travelling time of 30-60 minutes and no previous use of contraceptive are more likely to discontinue IUCD. However, among total women 81.7% still expressed willingness to avail IUCD services from Suraj provider in future, if needed. The findings suggest a need for training the providers and field workers to prevent early discontinuation of IUCD among the Suraj clients and by addressing the health concerns through proper counseling, continued follow-up and immediate medical aid/referral in case of complications.

47 CFR 76.982 - Continuation of rate agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

.... During the term of an agreement executed before July 1, 1990, by a franchising authority and a cable... competition under Commission rules in effect on that date, the franchising authority may regulate basic cable rates without following section 623 of the 1992 Cable Act or §§ 76.910 through 76.942. A franchising...

Report of the Acquisition Advisory Panel to the Office of Federal Procurement Policy and the United States Congress (January 2007)

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

Business Case to Support Executive Agent Redesignation . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Appendix B: Agency Application for Franchise Fund Pilot Program...interagency vehicles through the Depart- ment of Treasury and Department of Interior Franchise funds and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration...reauthorization of GWACs and Franchise Funds to require greater emphasis on meeting specific agency needs and furthering the overall effectiveness of

Interagency Contracting: An Overview of Federal Procurement and Appropriations Law

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-08-30

Management Reform Act of 1994 and other authorities creating franchise funds and interagency assisting entities. Unlike multi-agency contracts, GWACs...and the FSS, franchise funds and interagency assisting entities are not themselves contracting vehicles, but they play a prominent role in...Expansion of the FSS to State and Local Governments.................................................. 22 Franchise Funds and Interagency Assisting Entities

Choice of Contract Type and Other Policy Initiatives for Reducing Contract Prices

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

2 1. The Weapon System Franchise Model ..........................................................2 2. The Agency Problem and...contract types. The analyses looking at serial production for MDAPs (the first area above) were performed in the context of the “weapon system franchise ...cost reductions (the second area above) are also relevant to the franchise model and series production, but also have broader application to most

A Compendium of Laws Covering Interests upon the Fort Leavenworth Military Reservation Together with a History of Its Institutions and Other Information for the Benefit of Officers, Soldiers and Civilian Employees

DTIC Science & Technology

1909-06-22

further to said state the right to taxr railroad, bridge, and other corporations, their franchises and property, on said reservation. Approved Februcary...empowered and authorized to llevy a tax each year upon the franchises and property of railroad companies, bridge companies and other corporations on. said...assessing and valuing the franchises and property of railroad companies, bridge companies and other corporations on said reservation, and in order

Kuwait: Security, Reform, and U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-02-08

enshrines the hereditary monarchy, there has been progress over the past two decades in extending the franchise for the National Assembly and other...elected positions (such as the Kuwait City municipal council). The extent of the franchise has been a closely watched indicator of Kuwait’s political...liberalization. The government has expanded the electorate gradually, first by extending the franchise to sons of naturalized Kuwaitis and Kuwaitis

Transnational Crime and the Criminal-Terrorist Nexus: Synergies and Corporate Trends (Walker Paper, Number 1)

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-05-01

terrorists; similar to a business that expands into franchises , splinter groups need resources to sustain themselves, which drives the cost of doing...not be easy. Move to Loosely Affiliated Groups: Franchising As dependency on state-sponsored terrorism decreases, ter- rorist groups operating alone...with the exception of Osama bin Laden) has not prevented the group from operating success- fully. An ideology cannot be decimated. The franchising of

The Political Economy of the Munitions Supply Program

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-01

franchisees bid their true costs.47 Third, once supply is forthcoming, the franchisee has an incentive to minimize costs unless the franchiser is known... franchisee skimps on quality. In this regard, the franchiser has an incentive to preserve its “smart customer” capabilities, particularly if bids...term procurement program that sustains a domestic munitions industrial base that consists of a group of government- franchised mo- nopolies contracted

Can the United States Defeat Al Qaeda?

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

designed his organization to be so diverse as to be virtually indestructible. His efforts have led to an extensively franchised network of terror...and durability, makes them nearly impossible to defeat in the classical context. In addition, the franchised nature of its affiliation with other...specific geographic locale, it more clearly resembles a franchise based on affiliations with other violent extremist organizations.43 This widely

Macroeconomics and Public Policy.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-01

now outmoded cottage system. They were joined by the growing commercial class who sought to dissolve the exclusive State franchises in foreign trade...providing gas, electricity, water and other such services generally operate with monopoly franchises in their geographical areas of operation. In...exchange for exclusive franchises , they submit to regulation of the pricing structure for their output as well as their operational proce- dures. Monopoly

Black Hills versus Weinberger: How Useful is It for Other Air Force Bases to Competitively Acquire Electricity.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-04-01

whether the base must follow state created utility franchise territories. This paper analyzes the court opinion approving the competition, and the...the state franchised electric utility, Black Hills Power & Light Company (Black Hills), Ellswor-th competed for this additional power need. A company...utility franchise laws and regulations when it purchased the additional power. Both the United States District Court for the District of South Dakota

Competition Among Near-Substitutable Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

the context of the dominant “Weapon System Franchise ” model of competition for major defense acquisition programs (MDAPs). Competition between near...leading to the award of a franchise . AoAs or other cost-effectiveness analyses can be pivotal in bringing attention to near-substitute systems. However...dominant ?Weapon System Franchise ? model of competition for major defense acquisition programs (MDAPs). Competition between near-substitutes can occur

Improving U.S. Navy Foodservice Management Training. Part 1. Evaluation of the Current System

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-11-01

Experience in civilian foodservice before joining Navy? FAST FOOD FRANCHISE BAKERY RESTAURANT COFFEE SHOP CAFETERIA DELICATESSEN NONE WORKED AS...civilian foodservice since joining Navy? FAST FOOD FRANCHISE 12 8 BAKERY 15 5 RESTAURANT 12 18 COFFEE SHOP 8 — CAFETERIA 8 — DELICATESSEN — NONE...food service before joining the Navy? (PLEASE CHECK l^ THAT APPLY TO WHERE YOU WORKED) Fast Food Franchise Cafeteria Bakery Delieateesan

Kuwait: Security, Reform, and U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-11

franchise for the National Assembly and other elected positions (such as the Kuwait City municipal council). For at least two decades, the extent of the... franchise has been a closely watched indicator of Kuwait’s political liberalization. The government has expanded the electorate gradually, first by...extending the franchise to sons of naturalized Kuwaitis and Kuwaitis naturalized for at least 20 (as opposed to 30) years. The long deadlock on female

Kuwait: Security, Reform, and U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-26

past two decades in extending the franchise for the National Assembly and other elected positions (such as the Kuwait City municipal council). The...extent of the franchise has been a closely watched indicator of Kuwait’s political liberalization. The government has expanded the electorate gradually...first by extending the franchise to sons of naturalized Kuwaitis and Kuwaitis naturalized for at least 20 (as opposed to 30) years. The long deadlock

Kuwait: Security, Reform, and U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-20

growing number of diwaniyyas organized by women. There has been progress over the past two decades in extending the franchise for the National Assembly...and other elected positions (such as the Kuwait City municipal council). For at least two decades, the extent of the franchise has been a closely...watched indicator of Kuwait’s political liberalization. The government has expanded the electorate gradually, first by extending the franchise to sons

Acquisition: Direct Care Medical Services Contracts

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-06-24

System FAR Federal Acquisition Regulation FBA Franchise Business Activity FICA Federal Insurance Contributions Act FISC Fleet Industrial Supply Center...regarding the use of Franchise Business Activity contracts to forward fund appropriations from one fiscal year for work performed in the next fiscal year...2002 to 63 in FY 2003. 3 As discussed in Inspector General of the Department of Defense Report No. D-2003-113, “ Franchise Business Activity Contracts

JPRS Report, Telecommunications

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-07-07

The management puts great emphasis on its human resources sector — its de- velopment, motivation, and perform- ance. Entrepreneurship also plays...telecommunications services outside Telco’s franchise . And HCV has indicated to the Government it hopes Telco’s monopoly will be stripped when its franchise expires...under a franchised monopoly by Telco, he explained. The other telecommunications services, such as mobile telephone and radio paging, are all

78 FR 41399 - Information Collections Being Submitted for Review and Approval to the Office of Management and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-10

... made available for inspection by the Commission and franchising authorities, upon request. These... local franchising authority and the cable system operator. Federal Communications Commission. Marlene H...

An AK, Three Clips, and a Koran: Deciphering Al Qaeda’s Principles of War

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-05-04

a doctrine.” 27 Another way to look at the organization of Al Qaeda is to picture it like a fast food restaurant , most likely a franchise guided...cohesive organization with centralized governance. Instead it is a diffuse network of „ franchises ‟… The franchises offer allegiance to a global...resources – human and financial – in order to optimize impact and effect.” 28 Unlike your favorite restaurant though, this network can actually

Design and Implementation of Image Research for the Columbia Mets

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-01

major league franchises match the markets the company wants to target, she adds." (31) IBM is not the only company which has discovered the rewards...Oakland due to low attendance. Ewing Kauffman, a local Kansas City businessman, applied for and received an expansion franchise and quickly appealed to... franchise . 18. WHAT WOULD MOTIVATE YOU TO ATTEND METS GAMES MORE OFTEN? Respondents were asked to mark as many choices as they apply (The question was

Promoting Sound Ethical Decisions in the Air Force: CGO Solutions to Air Force Moral and Ethical Lapses

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-07-01

The second step is to create a Cross Check program—essentially franchising the Think Tank process in smaller groups across the Air Force as a forum...accessed 20 July 2014). 32  Cross Check Think Tank 14D proposes the implementation of “Cross Check” programs—essentially franchising the Think Tank...Tank Franchise , the meetings would be action-oriented, and networked together throughout the Air Force to provide lessons-learned, 33  resources

The population-level impacts of a national health insurance program and franchise midwife clinics on achievement of prenatal and delivery care standards in the Philippines

PubMed Central

Kozhimannil, Katy Backes; Valera, Madeleine R.; Adams, Alyce S.; Ross-Degnan, Dennis

2009-01-01

Objectives Adequate prenatal and delivery care are vital components of successful maternal health care provision. Starting in 1998, two programs were widely expanded in the Philippines: a national health insurance program (PhilHealth); and a donor-funded franchise of midwife clinics (Well-Family Midwife Clinics). This paper examines population-level impacts of these interventions on achievement of minimum standards for prenatal and delivery care. Methods Data from two waves of the Demographic and Health Surveys, conducted before (1998) and after (2003) scale up of the interventions, are employed in a pre/post study design, using longitudinal multivariate logistic and linear regression models. Results After controlling for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, the PhilHealth insurance program scale up was associated with increased odds of receiving at least four prenatal visits (OR 1.04 [95% CI 1.01–1.06]) and receiving a visit during the first trimester of pregnancy (OR 1.03 [95% CI 1.01–1.06]). Exposure to midwife clinics was not associated with significant changes in achievement of prenatal care standards. While both programs were associated with slight increases in the odds of delivery in a health facility, these increases were not statistically significant. Conclusions These results suggest that expansion of an insurance program with accreditation standards was associated with increases in achievement of minimal standards for prenatal care among women in the Philippines. PMID:19327862

The population-level impacts of a national health insurance program and franchise midwife clinics on achievement of prenatal and delivery care standards in the Philippines.

PubMed

Kozhimannil, Katy Backes; Valera, Madeleine R; Adams, Alyce S; Ross-Degnan, Dennis

2009-09-01

Adequate prenatal and delivery care are vital components of successful maternal health care provision. Starting in 1998, two programs were widely expanded in the Philippines: a national health insurance program (PhilHealth); and a donor-funded franchise of midwife clinics (Well Family Midwife Clinics). This paper examines population-level impacts of these interventions on achievement of minimum standards for prenatal and delivery care. Data from two waves of the Demographic and Health Surveys, conducted before (1998) and after (2003) scale-up of the interventions, are employed in a pre/post-study design, using longitudinal multivariate logistic and linear regression models. After controlling for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, the PhilHealth insurance program scale-up was associated with increased odds of receiving at least four prenatal visits (OR 1.04 [95% CI 1.01-1.06]) and receiving a visit during the first trimester of pregnancy (OR 1.03 [95% CI 1.01-1.06]). Exposure to midwife clinics was not associated with significant changes in achievement of prenatal care standards. While both programs were associated with slight increases in the odds of delivery in a health facility, these increases were not statistically significant. These results suggest that expansion of an insurance program with accreditation standards was associated with increases in achievement of minimal standards for prenatal care among women in the Philippines.

77 FR 34949 - Information Collection Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-12

... programming services. The records must be made available to members of the public, local franchising... reviewed by local franchising authorities and the Commission to monitor compliance with channel occupancy...

47 CFR 76.983 - Discrimination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... local franchising authority may prohibit a cable operator from offering reasonable discounts to senior... Federal agency, state, or local franchising authority from requiring and regulating the reception of cable...

77 FR 48981 - Information Collections Being Submitted for Review and Approval to the Office of Management and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-15

..., local franchising authorities and the Commission on reasonable notice and during regular business hours. The records will be reviewed by local franchising authorities and the Commission to monitor compliance...

29 CFR 779.228 - Types of arrangements contemplated by exception.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.228 Types of arrangements... section 3(s) would not otherwise apply: (a) Any arrangement, whether by agreement, franchise or otherwise...

29 CFR 779.228 - Types of arrangements contemplated by exception.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.228 Types of arrangements... section 3(s) would not otherwise apply: (a) Any arrangement, whether by agreement, franchise or otherwise...

16 CFR 436.7 - Instructions for updating disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... revised disclosure document, after which a franchise seller may distribute only the revised document and..., the franchise seller shall notify the prospective franchisee of any material changes that the seller...

29 CFR 779.228 - Types of arrangements contemplated by exception.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.228 Types of arrangements... section 3(s) would not otherwise apply: (a) Any arrangement, whether by agreement, franchise or otherwise...

29 CFR 779.228 - Types of arrangements contemplated by exception.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.228 Types of arrangements... section 3(s) would not otherwise apply: (a) Any arrangement, whether by agreement, franchise or otherwise...

29 CFR 779.228 - Types of arrangements contemplated by exception.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Coverage Leased Departments, Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.228 Types of arrangements... section 3(s) would not otherwise apply: (a) Any arrangement, whether by agreement, franchise or otherwise...

16 CFR 436.7 - Instructions for updating disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... revised disclosure document, after which a franchise seller may distribute only the revised document and..., the franchise seller shall notify the prospective franchisee of any material changes that the seller...

16 CFR 436.7 - Instructions for updating disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... revised disclosure document, after which a franchise seller may distribute only the revised document and..., the franchise seller shall notify the prospective franchisee of any material changes that the seller...

16 CFR 436.7 - Instructions for updating disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... revised disclosure document, after which a franchise seller may distribute only the revised document and..., the franchise seller shall notify the prospective franchisee of any material changes that the seller...

16 CFR 436.7 - Instructions for updating disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... revised disclosure document, after which a franchise seller may distribute only the revised document and..., the franchise seller shall notify the prospective franchisee of any material changes that the seller...

47 CFR 76.936 - Written decision.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Rate Regulation § 76.936 Written decision. (a) A franchising authority... of interested parties. A franchising authority is not required to issue a written decision that...

76 FR 53681 - Information Collection Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-29

... this form to local franchising authorities or the Commission, in situations where the FCC has assumed.... Cable operators submit FCC Form 1240 to their respective local franchising authorities (``LFAs'') to...

DCAA Contract Audit Manual. Volume 2, Chapters 12 - 15, Appendixes A - I. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-01-01

facilities for cafe - curred by the contractor. terias, dining rooms, canteens, lunch (FACs 84-15, 7 Apr 86) wagons, vending machines, living accom...Voluntary Accounting WGI 5990.23 CCH Change CAS-WG 79-24-Allocation of Business Unit G&A Expenses WGI 5990.24 CCH CAS-WG 81-25-State Income/ Franchise ...Recommendation (FPRR) CAM 9-1202. 2 FRAME Describing the Sampling Frame CAM B- 209 FRANCHISE CAS-WG 81-25-State Income/ Franchise Tax WGI 5990.25 CCH

Sub-Saharan Africa Report, No. 2861.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-10-21

between the four prov- inces. In Natal, the In- dians had the parlia- mentary franchise until,- in 1896 the English Co- lonial legislature, by...chicanery, eliminated this. In Natal also, the Indians had the munici- pal franchise until it was, once again by de- vious and deceitful...stratagem, taken away from them in 1924, once again by Natal’s En- glish. In Natal, the OFS and the Transvaal, black people had no franchise at all

Environmental Assessment Report for the Proposed Santa Rosa County Reclaimed Water Rapid-rate Infiltration Basin (RIB) System at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-02-01

and 13 Subsection 125.01101, F.S., provides sewage collection and treatment services in South Santa 14 Rosa County through franchise agreements with...Rosa County through franchise agreements with the SSRU 6 and HNWS. The SRCBOCC also owns and operates the NBU, providing service to that 7 section of...HNWS franchise areas account for 100 percent of the land area between 13 the NBU system and the proposed RIB site on EAFB. The NBU examined areas

Acme Landfill Expansion. Appendices.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-01-01

refuse collectors. These areas were determined by using existing franchise boundaries and projected *spheres of influence" for future expansion of...The cost mitigations used in Table 15 include: an incre-se in average net revenue per ton to $30, franchise fees, Interest free loans, a grant for...Tons per day 32 16 Tons per year-/ 7,700 3,800 REVENUES ($30.00 per ton) $231,000 $114,000 FRANCHISE FEES 70,000 70,00u EXPENSES Annualized Capital

The Global War on Terror: Mistaking Ideology as the Center of Gravity

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-07-01

worldwide effort that dismantled al-Qaeda’s central leadership global terrorism has mutated once again into a system of franchise operations.3 Al...Qaeda is no longer an organization; it is a brand name. Tony Karon noted in Time Magazine that “‘al-Qaeda,’ the name describes a broad franchise of...Report to Congress, February 10, 2005, 5. 3 A number of descriptive terms have been used in recent literature, but I attribute the term “ Franchise

Environmental Assessment: Proposed Construction of Army and Air Force Exchange Service New Day Street Shoppette

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-10-01

would either be operated by AAFES as a franchise or would be owned by AAFES. The three existing 10,000-gallon underground storage tanks (USTs...Street Shoppette FINAL Army and Air Force Exchange Service 2-3 The restaurant would either be operated by AAFES as a franchise or would be owned by...levels of employment with the inclusion of a new restaurant, (to be either a franchise or AAFES-owned), car wash, increased services of the Auto Pride

Business Organizational Systems Framework Model Application and Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-12-01

longer, though this is the first time that they own all aspects of the business instead of being franchise managers. They are very good at... business ? We “fell” into it. We knew we wanted to start a business and the opportunity to run a candy shop franchise came available through...were more than they were in Carmel (the business owners we interviewed owned a franchise candy business in Cannery Row before the one on Carmel

76 FR 68757 - Information Collection Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-07

... Number: 3060-0573. Title: Application for Franchise Authority Consent to Assignment or Transfer of Control of Cable Television Franchise, FCC Form 394. Form Number: FCC Form 394. Type of Review: Extension...

76 FR 67729 - Information Collection Being Submitted for Review and Approval to the Office of Management and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-02

... operators submit this form to local franchising authorities or the Commission, in situations where the FCC... changes in external costs. Cable operators submit FCC Form 1240 to their respective local franchising...

78 FR 26367 - Information Collections Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-06

... inspection by the Commission and franchising authorities, upon request. These records shall be maintained for... about the quality of the television signal delivered must be referred to the local franchising authority...

75 FR 28248 - Notice of Public Information Collection Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-20

... inspection by the Commission and franchising authorities, upon request. These records shall be maintained for... about the quality of the television signal delivered must be referred to the local franchising authority...

47 CFR 76.951 - Standard complaint form; other filing requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... phone number of the franchising authority that is filing the complaint; (2) The name, mailing address... contemporaneously via certified mail on the cable operator; (7) An indication that the complainant franchising...

47 CFR 76.950 - Complaints regarding cable programming service rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... cable programming service. The franchise authority may file a complaint with the Commission only upon receipt of more than one subscriber complaint made to the franchise authority within 90 days after the...

75 FR 39577 - 30-Day Notice of Intention To Request Clearance of Collection of Information; Opportunity for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-09

... obligations assumed. It also requires that franchise fees be determined with consideration to the opportunity... that franchise fees can be determined in a timely manner and without an undue burden on the...

75 FR 5113 - National Park Service Concession Contracts; Implementation of Alternative Valuation for Leasehold...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-01

... inclusion of the standard formula). This is because, in developing the minimum franchise fee to be included... acquiring the existing LSI (and any required new LSI improvements). The minimum franchise fee, accordingly...

75 FR 9600 - Notice of Public Information Collection Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-03

...) states a cable operator, or other interested party, may challenge a franchising authority's certification... CFR 76.905; (2) The franchising authority does not meet the certification standards set forth in 47 U...

75 FR 42443 - Notice of Public Information Collection(s) Being Submitted for Review and Approval to the Office...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-21

... franchising authorities, upon request. These records shall be maintained for at least a one-year period. Prior... signal delivered must be referred to the local franchising authority and the cable system operator...

78 FR 77675 - Information Collections Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-24

... additional testing pursuant to Section 76.601(c), the local franchising authority shall notify the cable... representative of the Commission or the local franchising authority, that the system does, in fact, comply with...

78 FR 23930 - Information Collection Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission Under Delegated...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-23

... Assessment: No impact(s). Needs and Uses: 47 CFR 76.936 states that a franchising authority must issue a... parties. Franchising authorities are required to issue a written decision in rate-making proceedings...

75 FR 36390 - Notice of Public Information Collection(s) Being Submitted for Review and Approval to the Office...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-25

... the local franchising authority may file a complaint with the Commission, pursuant to our dispute resolution procedures set forth in Sec. 76.1514, if the open video system operator and the local franchising...

Commercial Contracting of Army Lodging and Leisure Activities.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-05-22

worldwide. The deal is the largest single franchise agreement in Burger King’s 30-year history, and could gen- erate about $400 million in revenue by 1980.13...The Burger King outlets will be operated by AAFES. AAFES will pay Burger King $15,000 for each franchise and six percent of the gross sales as...the family alone AAFES is making a significant contribution to soldier morale. While a form of contracting franchising as practiced by AAFES to date

75 FR 20796 - Market-Based Rate Affiliate Restrictions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-21

... restrictions that govern the relationship between franchised public utilities with captive customers and their... extent practical, from employees of affiliated franchised utilities with captive customers.\\6\\ Order No... affiliate restrictions provide that [[Page 20797

47 CFR 1.1622 - Preferences.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... franchise area, nor will the diversity preference be available to applicants whose proposed transmitter site is located within the franchise area of a cable system in which its owners, in the aggregate, have an...

47 CFR 1.1622 - Preferences.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... franchise area, nor will the diversity preference be available to applicants whose proposed transmitter site is located within the franchise area of a cable system in which its owners, in the aggregate, have an...

36 CFR 51.5 - What information will the prospectus include?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., include, but are not limited to the following: (1) The minimum acceptable franchise fee or other forms of... out by department for the three most recent years; franchise fees charged under the current concession...

47 CFR 1.1622 - Preferences.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... franchise area, nor will the diversity preference be available to applicants whose proposed transmitter site is located within the franchise area of a cable system in which its owners, in the aggregate, have an...

36 CFR 51.5 - What information will the prospectus include?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., include, but are not limited to the following: (1) The minimum acceptable franchise fee or other forms of... out by department for the three most recent years; franchise fees charged under the current concession...

75 FR 4838 - 60-Day Notice of Intention To Request Clearance of Collection of Information; Opportunity for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-29

... franchise fees be determined with consideration to the opportunity for net profit in relation to both gross... franchise fees determined in a timely manner and without an undue burden on the concessioner. This program...

36 CFR 51.5 - What information will the prospectus include?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., include, but are not limited to the following: (1) The minimum acceptable franchise fee or other forms of... out by department for the three most recent years; franchise fees charged under the current concession...

36 CFR 51.5 - What information will the prospectus include?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., include, but are not limited to the following: (1) The minimum acceptable franchise fee or other forms of... out by department for the three most recent years; franchise fees charged under the current concession...

36 CFR 51.5 - What information will the prospectus include?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., include, but are not limited to the following: (1) The minimum acceptable franchise fee or other forms of... out by department for the three most recent years; franchise fees charged under the current concession...

76 FR 7469 - Guidance Concerning Redistricting Under Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act; Notice

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-09

... franchise.'' Beer v. United States, 425 U.S. 125, 141 (1976). If the proposed redistricting plan is... electoral franchise'' when compared to the benchmark plan. Beer v. United States at 141. In 2006, Congress...

47 CFR 1.1622 - Preferences.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... franchise area, nor will the diversity preference be available to applicants whose proposed transmitter site is located within the franchise area of a cable system in which its owners, in the aggregate, have an...

47 CFR 1.1622 - Preferences.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... franchise area, nor will the diversity preference be available to applicants whose proposed transmitter site is located within the franchise area of a cable system in which its owners, in the aggregate, have an...

Army Strategic Logistics Plan: Enabling Strategic Responsiveness Through a Revolution in Military Logistics

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-01-01

D-5 AAN CSS Franchise Report...D-6 CSS Franchise Issues Summary for TDAPII...Appendix D. The ASLP groups the initiatives in the six investment categories of automation and communications, business process change, organizational

47 CFR 76.984 - Geographically uniform rate structure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... throughout each franchise area in which cable service is provided. (b) This section does not prohibit the... and conditions of service, within a franchise area. (c) This section does not apply to: (1) A cable...

47 CFR 76.984 - Geographically uniform rate structure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... throughout each franchise area in which cable service is provided. (b) This section does not prohibit the... and conditions of service, within a franchise area. (c) This section does not apply to: (1) A cable...

47 CFR 76.984 - Geographically uniform rate structure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... throughout each franchise area in which cable service is provided. (b) This section does not prohibit the... and conditions of service, within a franchise area. (c) This section does not apply to: (1) A cable...

47 CFR 76.984 - Geographically uniform rate structure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... throughout each franchise area in which cable service is provided. (b) This section does not prohibit the... and conditions of service, within a franchise area. (c) This section does not apply to: (1) A cable...

47 CFR 76.984 - Geographically uniform rate structure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... throughout each franchise area in which cable service is provided. (b) This section does not prohibit the... and conditions of service, within a franchise area. (c) This section does not apply to: (1) A cable...

75 FR 39937 - Notice of Public Information Collection(s) Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-13

... Uses: 47 CFR 76.936 states that a franchising authority must issue a written decision in a rate-making... for an increase whole or in part over the objection of interested parties. Franchising authorities are...

47 CFR 76.952 - Information to be provided by cable operator on monthly subscriber bills.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... and phone number of the franchising authority, unless the franchising authority in writing requests... system. [58 FR 29753, May 21, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 17960, Apr. 15, 1994; 64 FR 35950, July 2, 1999] ...

47 CFR 76.1713 - Complaint resolution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... local franchising authority and the cable system operator. ... system operators shall establish a process for resolving complaints from subscribers about the quality of... for inspection by the Commission and franchising authorities, upon request. These records shall be...

Study of the impacts of regulations affecting the acceptance of Integrated Community Energy Systems: public utility, energy facility siting and municipal franchising regulatory programs in Nebraska. Preliminary background report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Feurer, D A; Weaver, C L; Gallagher, K C

1980-01-01

The state agency with principal authority to regulate electric public utilities is the Power Review Board (Board). However, the Board in fact, exercised little regulatory authority over heat and power utilities because all electrical power in Nebraska is currently supplied by public authorities and is not subject to regulation by the Board. Gas and water utilities are also subject to general supervision by municipalities. The Board is compised of five members - an attorney, an engineer, one accountant, two lay - persons appointed by the governor and confirmed by the legislature. All members are appointed to overlapping four-year terms, andmore » none may serve more than two consecutive terms. Decisions by the Board require the approval of a majority of its members. The Public Service Commission of Nebraska is a constitutionally created body. Its powers and duties include the regulation of rates, service, and general control of common carriers as the legislature may provide by law. Other state agencies also possess limited regulatory jurisdiction which may be relevant to an energy facility. Public utility regulatory statutes, energy facility siting programs, and municipal franchising authority are examined to identify how they may impact on the ability of an organization, whether or not it be a regulated utility, to construct and operate an ICES.« less

Are You Neutral About Net Neutrality

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-20

Alaska War on Terrorism Universal Service Reform Streamlining Franchising Process Video Content Municipal Broadband Wireless Innovation Networks Digital...Chair, Joe Barton (R), Texas National Video Franchising Network Neutrality/Enforcement of Broadband Policy VoIP/E9ll Municipal Provision of Services

Petroleum Marketing Practices Act amendments of 1994. Introduced in the Senate of the United States, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session, September 29, 1994

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

The bill (S. 338) proposes to amend the Petroleum Marketing Practices Act to clarify federal standards governing the termination and nonrenewal of franchise and franchise relationships for the sale of motor fuel. The legislative text of the Bill is given with amendments.

Achieving Better Buying Power through Acquisition of Open Architecture Software Systems: Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-06

supporting “Bring Your Own Devices” (BYOD)? 22 New business models for OA software components ● Franchising ● Enterprise licensing ● Metered usage...paths IP and cybersecurity requirements will need continuous attention! 35 New business models for OA software components ● Franchising ● Enterprise

47 CFR 76.905 - Standards for identification of cable systems subject to effective competition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Rate... system. (2) The franchise area is: (i) Served by at least two unaffiliated multichannel video programming... franchise area; and (ii) the number of households subscribing to multichannel video programming other than...

International Cooperation in the Field of International Space Station Payload Safety: Overcoming Differences and Working for Future

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakamura, Yasuhiro; Ozawa, Masayuki; Takeyasu, Yoshioka; Griffith, Gerald; Goto, Katsuhito; Mitsui, Masami

2010-09-01

The importance of international cooperation among the International Space Station(ISS) Program participants is ever increasing as the ISS nears assembly complete. In the field of payload safety assurance, NASA and JAXA have enhanced their cooperation level. The authors describe the evolution of cooperation between the two agencies and the challenges encountered and overcame. NASA and JAXA have been working toward development of a NASA Payload Safety Review Panel(PSRP) franchise panel at JAXA for several years. When the JAXA Safety Review Panel(SRP) becomes a fully franchised panel of the NASA PSRP, the JAXA SRP will have the authority review and approve all JAXA ISS payloads operated on USOS and JEM, although NASA and JAXA joint reviews may be conducted as necessary. A NASA PSRP franchised panel at JAXA will streamline the conventional review process. Japanese payload organizations will not have to go through both JAXA and NASA payload safety reviews, while NASA will be relieved of a certain amount of review activities. The persistent efforts have recently born fruit. For the past two years, NASA and JAXA have increased emphasis on efforts to develop a NASA PSRP Franchised Panel at JAXA with concrete results. In 2009, NASA and JAXA signed Charter and Joint Development Plan. At the end of 2009, NASA PSRP transferred some review responsibility to the JAXA SRP under the franchising charter. Although JAXA had long history of reviewing payloads by their own panel prior to NASA PSRP reviews, it took several years for JAXA to receive NASA PSRP approval for delegation of franchised review authority to JAXA. This paper discusses challenges JAXA and NAXA faced. Considerations were required in developing a franchise at JAXA for history and experiences of the JAXA SRP as well as language and cultural differences. The JAXA panel, not only had its own well-established processes and supporting organizational structures which had some differences from its NASA PSRP counterparts

Uses of Cable Television in Eight Midwestern Communities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gotsch, Constance M.

This study of midwestern cable television systems was designed to accomplish three purposes: (1) compare recommended administration and franchise provisions with actual administration and franchise provisions to see how these policies relate to the future development of educational channels; (2) determine how educators and cable managers work…

47 CFR 76.64 - Retransmission consent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) The retransmission consent requirements of this section are not applicable to broadcast signals... systems. Such elections shall take effect 90 days after they are made. (g) If one or more franchise areas served by a cable system overlaps with one or more franchise areas served by another cable system...

16 CFR 436.5 - Disclosure items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... of the franchisor; any parents; and any affiliates that offer franchises in any line of business or provide products or services to the franchisees of the franchisor. (2) The name and principal business... business and the franchises offered: (i) Whether the franchisor operates businesses of the type being...

16 CFR 436.5 - Disclosure items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... of the franchisor; any parents; and any affiliates that offer franchises in any line of business or provide products or services to the franchisees of the franchisor. (2) The name and principal business... business and the franchises offered: (i) Whether the franchisor operates businesses of the type being...

16 CFR 436.5 - Disclosure items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... of the franchisor; any parents; and any affiliates that offer franchises in any line of business or provide products or services to the franchisees of the franchisor. (2) The name and principal business... business and the franchises offered: (i) Whether the franchisor operates businesses of the type being...

16 CFR 436.5 - Disclosure items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... of the franchisor; any parents; and any affiliates that offer franchises in any line of business or provide products or services to the franchisees of the franchisor. (2) The name and principal business... business and the franchises offered: (i) Whether the franchisor operates businesses of the type being...

7 CFR 1767.21 - Operating income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... amortization charges applicable to amounts included in the electric plant accounts for limited-term franchises..., franchise taxes, Federal excise taxes, social security taxes, and all other taxes assessed by Federal, state... include, as approved by RUS, amounts relating to gains from the disposition of future use utility plant...

47 CFR 76.55 - Definitions applicable to the must-carry rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... television station with five watts or higher power serving the franchise area, (ii) A full-service station or... the purposes of § 76.55(a), “serving the franchise area” will be based on the predicted protected... all obligations and requirements applicable to full power television broadcast stations under part 73...

Cable Television in Sedalia, Missouri.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lamkin, Kathryn Janel

A field study was conducted of the status of cable television in Sedalia, Missouri. Based on interviews of city council members and staff members of Cablevision, the Sedalia cable franchise holder, the following issues were investigated: (1) subscription rates; (2) franchise negotiations; (3) quality of existing services; and (4) possible…

29 CFR 779.259 - What is included in annual gross volume.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... requirements for exemption from the pay provisions of the Act under section 13(a)(2), does not exclude the... establishment is a part. (c) Likewise, where franchise or other arrangements result in the creation of a larger... integral part of the related activities of the enterprise which grants the franchise, right, or concession...

26 CFR 1.864-5 - Foreign source income effectively connected with U.S. business.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., trademarks, trade brands, franchises, and other like properties, if such rents or royalties are derived in..., franchises, and other like properties, if such gains or losses are derived in the active conduct of the trade... corporation M, incorporated under the laws of foreign country X, is engaged in the business of purchasing and...

Selecting a Cable System Operator.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cable Television Information Center, Washington, DC.

Intended to assist franchising authorities with the process of selecting a cable television system operator from franchise applicants, this document provides a framework for analysis of individual applications. Section 1 deals with various methods which can be used to select an operator. The next section covers the application form, the vehicle a…

Transnational Crime and the Criminal-Terrorist Nexus: Synergies and Corporate Trends

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-04-01

Franchising ” .............................................60 iv Shifting Tactics...its size, wealth and global reach. Eurasian organized crime is associated with Russia, Eastern and Central European countries, and the independent ...operation. Not only is that faulty logic, the cost of doing business may be rising for terrorists; similar to a business that expands into franchises

Study of the impacts of regulations affecting the acceptance of Integrated Community Energy Systems: public utility, energy facility siting and municipal franchising regulatory programs in Rhode Island. Preliminary background report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Feurer, D A; Weaver, C L; Gallagher, K C

1980-01-01

The Rhode Island statutes vest in the Public Utility Commission and the Division of Public Utilities the exclusive power and authority to regulate public utility companies in that state. Both bodies have been established within the Department of Business Regulation but are independent of the Department's director and are not under his jurisdiction. The jurisdiction to regulate utilities is shared by the Commission and the Division. The Commission serves as a quasi-judicial tribunal with jurisdiction, powers, and duties to hold investigations and hearings involving rates, sufficiency and resonableness of facilities, gas, electric, water, and pipeline public utilities. The administrator, whomore » is chief executive officer of the Division, is responsible for exercising the jurisdiction, supervision, powers, and duties not specifically assigned to the Commission. By virtue of his office, the chairman of the Commission serves also as the administrator and he supervises and directs the execution of all laws relating to public utilities and carriers and all regulations and orders of the Commission governing the conduct and charges of public utilities. Public utility regulatory statutes, energy facility siting programs, and municipal franchising authority are examined to identify how they may impact on the ability of an organization, whether or not it be a regulated utility, to construct and operate an ICES.« less

Social franchising and vouchers to promote long-term methods of family planning in rural Pakistan: a qualitative stocktaking with stakeholders.

PubMed

Azmat, Syed Khurram; Mustafa, Ghulam; Hameed, Waqas; Asghar, Jamshaid; Ahmed, Aftab; Shaikh, Babar T

2013-04-01

The overall use of modern contraception in Pakistan is quite low, especially in rural areas. Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of social franchising (SF) approaches in increasing access to modern contraception and improving the quality of healthcare in resource-poor areas in Asia and Africa. Drawing on best practices in SF, the Marie Stopes Society (MSS) implemented an SF model in certain rural areas of Pakistan to increase access to affordable and quality family planning (FP) services. The model was branded as Suraj (sun) and complemented with an innovative voucher scheme for intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs). This paper describes the perspectives of Suraj clients, field workers mobilization (FWMs), and providers on various components of the Suraj model. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted in six randomly selected intervention districts in the Sindh and Punjab provinces. Data were collected using focus group discussions (FGDs) with clients and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with providers and FWMs. Data were manually analyzed using constant comparison and the thematic analysis approach. Clients showed positive attitudes towards modern contraceptive methods and identified Suraj FWMs and signboards as sources of information. Almost all clients reported IUCDs as effective methods as they have manageable side effects and require fewer visits to clinics. They spoke highly of voucher schemes as these enabled them to avail free IUCD services. Clients also appreciated many components of Suraj clinics, including cleanliness, privacy, confidentiality, the sterilization of instruments, and courteous Suraj providers and FWMs. Most Suraj providers said that IUCD insertion and infection-prevention training enhanced their ability to provide IUCD services and increased their standing in local communities. They reported that the role of FWMs was crucial in mobilizing the community and increasing their FP clientele. The FWMs said that attitudes

26 CFR 1.994-2 - Marginal costing rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... supplier (as defined in § 1.994-1(a)(3)(ii)) chooses, provided that the requirements of both subparagraphs... with Y whereby Y is granted a sales franchise with respect to exporting such product line from which...), combined taxable income under marginal costing is limited to $28.50. Since under the franchise agreement Y...

Will Universities Maintain Control of Teacher Education?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Levine, Arthur

2006-01-01

For more than a century, America's colleges and universities have had a franchise on educating the nation's teachers. That franchise has been important to them, not only financially but also as one of the oldest and most visible demonstrations of higher education's commitment to serve the public good. Indeed, when governors are asked what they…

Petroleum marketing prices. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session on H.R. 1520, May 19, 1993

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

The hearing addresses H.R. 1520 a bill that proposes to amend the Petroleum Marketing Practices Act to clarify federal standards governing the termination and nonrenewal of franchise and franchise relationships for the sale of motor fuel. The legislative text of the Bill is given with amendments. Statements of witnesses and documents submitted for the record are included.

Outsourcing a High Speed Internet Access Project: An Information Technology Class Case Study in Three Parts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Platt, Richard G.; Carper, William B.; McCool, Michael

2010-01-01

In early 2004, the Hilton Hotels Corporation (HHC) required that all of its hotels (both owned and franchised) install high-speed Internet access (HSIA) in all of their rooms by June 2004. This case focuses on how one of its franchise properties located on the northern gulf coast of Florida (the Hilton Sandestin Beach Golf Resort &…

Proposed Ordinance for the Regulation of Cable Television. Working Draft.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chicago City Council, IL.

A model ordinance is proposed for the regulation of cable television in the city of Chicago. It defines the language of the ordinance, sets forth the method of granting franchises, and describes the terms of the franchises. The duties of a commission to regulate cable television are listed and the method of selecting commission members is…

METROPOLITAN WASHINGTON AIRPORTS AUTHORITY: Contracting Practices Do Not Always Comply with Airport Lease Requirements

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-03-01

food and beverages , customer service, parking, taxi services, advertising, and general aviation services needed by the airports’ users. The...Authority to implement, through the use of published competitive procedures, procurement and concession franchising systems designed to achieve full and...the Authority issued guidance for awarding its contracts and concession franchises in 1993, the guidance does not adequately reflect competitive

Introducing Interactive Technology--"Toy Story 3"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nikirk, Martin

2011-01-01

"To infinity and beyond!" is the catchphrase of Buzz Lightyear, Universe Protection Unit space ranger, a character in the Disney/Pixar "Toy Story" franchise. The three films in the franchise--"Toy Story," 1993; "Toy Story 2," 1999; and "Toy Story 3," 2010--incorporate an innovative blend of many different genres, having spun off video games and…

The Equity Franchise.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brodribb, Somer; And Others

1996-01-01

Discusses a report that made recommendations on issues of sexual harassment in the department of political science at the University of Victoria, and the committee's subsequent struggles for redress against silence and retaliation. Analyzes the performance of those avenues and the offices that were supposed to be sources of remedy or protection.…

Franchising. Instructor's Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Litecky, Paul A.

The third booklet in a second series of subject presentations intended to advance the effectiveness of small business management is presented. The lecture is designed as the basis for a presentation to the businessman in nontechnical language. The Lesson Plan is an outline of the material covered which may be used as a teaching guide or as a…

Public Television Channels in New York City: The First Six Months.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Calhoun, Richard

The end results of the first six months of public access cable television (CATV) channels in New York City were in some ways disappointing. Franchise agreements for each of New York's two CATV systems called for two public-access channels to be in operation by July 1, 1971, one year after the date of the franchise awards. The channels were to be…