On (in)stabilities of perturbations in mimetic models with higher derivatives

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zheng, Yunlong; Shen, Liuyuan; Mou, Yicen

2017-08-01

Usually when applying the mimetic model to the early universe, higher derivative terms are needed to promote the mimetic field to be dynamical. However such models suffer from the ghost and/or the gradient instabilities and simple extensions cannot cure this pathology. We point out in this paper that it is possible to overcome this difficulty by considering the direct couplings of the higher derivatives of the mimetic field to the curvature of the spacetime.

Black holes in higher derivative gravity.

PubMed

Lü, H; Perkins, A; Pope, C N; Stelle, K S

2015-05-01

Extensions of Einstein gravity with higher-order derivative terms arise in string theory and other effective theories, as well as being of interest in their own right. In this Letter we study static black-hole solutions in the example of Einstein gravity with additional quadratic curvature terms. A Lichnerowicz-type theorem simplifies the analysis by establishing that they must have vanishing Ricci scalar curvature. By numerical methods we then demonstrate the existence of further black-hole solutions over and above the Schwarzschild solution. We discuss some of their thermodynamic properties, and show that they obey the first law of thermodynamics.

Impacts of supersymmetric higher derivative terms on inflation models in supergravity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aoki, Shuntaro; Yamada, Yusuke, E-mail: shun-soccer@akane.waseda.jp, E-mail: yuusuke-yamada@asagi.waseda.jp

2015-07-01

We show the effects of supersymmetric higher derivative terms on inflation models in supergravity. The results show that such terms generically modify the effective kinetic coefficient of the inflaton during inflation if the cut off scale of the higher derivative operators is sufficiently small. In such a case, the η-problem in supergravity does not occur, and we find that the effective potential of the inflaton generically becomes a power type potential with a power smaller than two.

Higher derivative field theories: degeneracy conditions and classes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crisostomi, Marco; Klein, Remko; Roest, Diederik

2017-06-01

We provide a full analysis of ghost free higher derivative field theories with coupled degrees of freedom. Assuming the absence of gauge symmetries, we derive the degeneracy conditions in order to evade the Ostrogradsky ghosts, and analyze which (non)trivial classes of solutions this allows for. It is shown explicitly how Lorentz invariance avoids the propagation of "half" degrees of freedom. Moreover, for a large class of theories, we construct the field redefinitions and/or (extended) contact transformations that put the theory in a manifestly first order form. Finally, we identify which class of theories cannot be brought to first order form by such transformations.

Conservative Think Tanks and Higher Education Policy: Selected Public Policy Research Institutes and Their Views on Issues in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Willis, Susan Marie

1991-01-01

The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to describe four conservative public policy research institutions as organizations in comparison with more traditional policy organizations such as the Brookings Institution, and (2) to examine their views on current issues in higher education in relation to selected national higher education reports.…

Stable static structures in models with higher-order derivatives

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bazeia, D., E-mail: bazeia@fisica.ufpb.br; Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 58109-970 Campina Grande, PB; Lobão, A.S.

2015-09-15

We investigate the presence of static solutions in generalized models described by a real scalar field in four-dimensional space–time. We study models in which the scalar field engenders higher-order derivatives and spontaneous symmetry breaking, inducing the presence of domain walls. Despite the presence of higher-order derivatives, the models keep to equations of motion second-order differential equations, so we focus on the presence of first-order equations that help us to obtain analytical solutions and investigate linear stability on general grounds. We then illustrate the general results with some specific examples, showing that the domain wall may become compact and that themore » zero mode may split. Moreover, if the model is further generalized to include k-field behavior, it may contribute to split the static structure itself.« less

On the curious spectrum of duality invariant higher-derivative gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hohm, Olaf; Naseer, Usman; Zwiebach, Barton

2016-08-01

We analyze the spectrum of the exactly duality and gauge invariant higher-derivative double field theory. While this theory is based on a chiral CFT and does not correspond to a standard string theory, our analysis illuminates a number of issues central in string theory. The full quadratic action is rewritten as a two-derivative theory with additional fields. This allows for a simple analysis of the spectrum, which contains two massive spin-2 ghosts and massive scalars, in addition to the massless fields. Moreover, in this formulation, the massless or tensionless limit α ' → ∞ is non-singular and leads to an enhanced gauge symmetry. We show that the massive modes can be integrated out exactly at the quadratic level, leading to an infinite series of higher-derivative corrections. Finally, we present a ghost-free massive extension of linearized double field theory, which employs a novel mass term for the dilaton and metric.

On the curious spectrum of duality invariant higher-derivative gravity

DOE PAGES

Hohm, Olaf; Naseer, Usman; Zwiebach, Barton

2016-08-31

Here, we analyze the spectrum of the exactly duality and gauge invariant higher-derivative double field theory. While this theory is based on a chiral CFT and does not correspond to a standard string theory, our analysis illuminates a number of issues central in string theory. The full quadratic action is rewritten as a two-derivative theory with additional fields. This allows for a simple analysis of the spectrum, which contains two massive spin-2 ghosts and massive scalars, in addition to the massless fields. Moreover, in this formulation, the massless or tensionless limit α' → ∞ is non-singular and leads to anmore » enhanced gauge symmetry. We show that the massive modes can be integrated out exactly at the quadratic level, leading to an infinite series of higher-derivative corrections. Lastly, we present a ghost-free massive extension of linearized double field theory, which employs a novel mass term for the dilaton and metric.« less

Multi-image CAD employing features derived from ipsilateral mammographic views

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Good, Walter F.; Zheng, Bin; Chang, Yuan-Hsiang; Wang, Xiao Hui; Maitz, Glenn S.; Gur, David

1999-05-01

On mammograms, certain kinds of features related to masses (e.g., location, texture, degree of spiculation, and integrated density difference) tend to be relatively invariant, or at last predictable, with respect to breast compression. Thus, ipsilateral pairs of mammograms may contain information not available from analyzing single views separately. To demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating multi-view features into CAD algorithm, `single-image' CAD was applied to each individual image in a set of 60 ipsilateral studies, after which all possible pairs of suspicious regions, consisting of one from each view, were formed. For these 402 pairs we defined and evaluated `multi-view' features such as: (1) relative position of centers of regions; (2) ratio of lengths of region projections parallel to nipple axis lines; (3) ratio of integrated contrast difference; (4) ratio of the sizes of the suspicious regions; and (5) measure of relative complexity of region boundaries. Each pair was identified as either a `true positive/true positive' (T) pair (i.e., two regions which are projections of the same actual mass), or as a falsely associated pair (F). Distributions for each feature were calculated. A Bayesian network was trained and tested to classify pairs of suspicious regions based exclusively on the multi-view features described above. Distributions for all features were significantly difference for T versus F pairs as indicated by likelihood ratios. Performance of the Bayesian network, which was measured by ROC analysis, indicates a significant ability to distinguish between T pairs and F pairs (Az equals 0.82 +/- 0.03), using information that is attributed to the multi-view content. This study is the first demonstration that there is a significant amount of spatial information that can be derived from ipsilateral pairs of mammograms.

On butterfly effect in higher derivative gravities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alishahiha, Mohsen; Davody, Ali; Naseh, Ali; Taghavi, Seyed Farid

2016-11-01

We study butterfly effect in D-dimensional gravitational theories containing terms quadratic in Ricci scalar and Ricci tensor. One observes that due to higher order derivatives in the corresponding equations of motion there are two butterfly velocities. The velocities are determined by the dimension of operators whose sources are provided by the metric. The three dimensional TMG model is also studied where we get two butterfly velocities at generic point of the moduli space of parameters. At critical point two velocities coincide.

Towards construction of ghost-free higher derivative gravity from bigravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akagi, Satoshi

2018-06-01

In this paper, the ghost-freeness of the higher derivative theory proposed by Hassan et al. in [Universe 1, 92 (2015), 10.3390/universe1020092] is investigated. Hassan et al. believed the ghost-freeness of the higher derivative theory based on the analysis in the linear approximation. However, in order to obtain the complete correspondence, we have to analyze the model without any approximations. In this paper, we analyze the two-scalar model proposed in [Universe 1, 92 (2015), 10.3390/universe1020092] with arbitrary nonderivative interaction terms. In any order with respect to perturbative parameters, we prove that we can eliminate the ghost for the model with any nonderivative interaction terms.

Higher derivatives in Type II and M-theory on Calabi-Yau threefolds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grimm, Thomas W.; Mayer, Kilian; Weissenbacher, Matthias

2018-02-01

The four- and five-dimensional effective actions of Calabi-Yau threefold compactifications are derived with a focus on terms involving up to four space-time derivatives. The starting points for these reductions are the ten- and eleven-dimensional supergravity actions supplemented with the known eight-derivative corrections that have been inferred from Type II string amplitudes. The corrected background solutions are determined and the fluctuations of the Kähler structure of the compact space and the form-field back-ground are discussed. It is concluded that the two-derivative effective actions for these fluctuations only takes the expected supergravity form if certain additional ten- and eleven-dimensional higher-derivative terms for the form-fields are included. The main results on the four-derivative terms include a detailed treatment of higher-derivative gravity coupled to Kähler structure deformations. This is supplemented by a derivation of the vector sector in reductions to five dimensions. While the general result is only given as an expansion in the fluctuations, a complete treatment of the one-Kähler modulus case is presented for both Type II theories and M-theory.

Higher-derivative operators and effective field theory for general scalar-tensor theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Solomon, Adam R.; Trodden, Mark

2018-02-01

We discuss the extent to which it is necessary to include higher-derivative operators in the effective field theory of general scalar-tensor theories. We explore the circumstances under which it is correct to restrict to second-order operators only, and demonstrate this using several different techniques, such as reduction of order and explicit field redefinitions. These methods are applied, in particular, to the much-studied Horndeski theories. The goal is to clarify the application of effective field theory techniques in the context of popular cosmological models, and to explicitly demonstrate how and when higher-derivative operators can be cast into lower-derivative forms suitable for numerical solution techniques.

A hierarchical generalization of the acoustic reciprocity theorem involving higher-order derivatives and interaction quantities.

PubMed

Lin, Ju; Li, Jie; Li, Xiaolei; Wang, Ning

2016-10-01

An acoustic reciprocity theorem is generalized, for a smoothly varying perturbed medium, to a hierarchy of reciprocity theorems including higher-order derivatives of acoustic fields. The standard reciprocity theorem is the first member of the hierarchy. It is shown that the conservation of higher-order interaction quantities is related closely to higher-order derivative distributions of perturbed media. Then integral reciprocity theorems are obtained by applying Gauss's divergence theorem, which give explicit integral representations connecting higher-order interactions and higher-order derivative distributions of perturbed media. Some possible applications to an inverse problem are also discussed.

Asymptotic safety of higher derivative quantum gravity non-minimally coupled with a matter system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamada, Yuta; Yamada, Masatoshi

2017-08-01

We study asymptotic safety of models of the higher derivative quantum gravity with and without matter. The beta functions are derived by utilizing the functional renormalization group, and non-trivial fixed points are found. It turns out that all couplings in gravity sector, namely the cosmological constant, the Newton constant, and the R 2 and R μν 2 coupling constants, are relevant in case of higher derivative pure gravity. For the Higgs-Yukawa model non-minimal coupled with higher derivative gravity, we find a stable fixed point at which the scalar-quartic and the Yukawa coupling constants become relevant. The relevant Yukawa coupling is crucial to realize the finite value of the Yukawa coupling constants in the standard model.

Graviton multipoint amplitudes for higher-derivative gravity in anti-de Sitter space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shawa, M. M. W.; Medved, A. J. M.

2018-04-01

We calculate graviton multipoint amplitudes in an anti-de Sitter black brane background for higher-derivative gravity of arbitrary order in numbers of derivatives. The calculations are performed using tensor graviton modes in a particular regime of comparatively high energies and large scattering angles. The regime simplifies the calculations but, at the same time, is well suited for translating these results into the language of the dually related gauge theory. After considering theories whose Lagrangians consist of contractions of up to four Riemann tensors, we generalize to even higher-derivative theories by constructing a "basis" for the relevant scattering amplitudes. This construction enables one to find the basic form of the n -point amplitude for arbitrary n and any number of derivatives. Additionally, using the four-point amplitudes for theories whose Lagrangians carry contractions of either three or four Riemann tensors, we reexpress the scattering properties in terms of the Mandelstam variables.

Quantum properties of supersymmetric theories regularized by higher covariant derivatives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stepanyantz, Konstantin

2018-02-01

We investigate quantum corrections in \\mathscr{N} = 1 non-Abelian supersymmetric gauge theories, regularized by higher covariant derivatives. In particular, by the help of the Slavnov-Taylor identities we prove that the vertices with two ghost legs and one leg of the quantum gauge superfield are finite in all orders. This non-renormalization theorem is confirmed by an explicit one-loop calculation. By the help of this theorem we rewrite the exact NSVZ β-function in the form of the relation between the β-function and the anomalous dimensions of the matter superfields, of the quantum gauge superfield, and of the Faddeev-Popov ghosts. Such a relation has simple qualitative interpretation and allows suggesting a prescription producing the NSVZ scheme in all loops for the theories regularized by higher derivatives. This prescription is verified by the explicit three-loop calculation for the terms quartic in the Yukawa couplings.

Postmodern View of Advisement in Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stowe, Donald E.

1996-01-01

Examines implications of postmodernism, particularly chaos theory, for academic advising. Suggests that postmodernist advising acknowledges student angst and self-doubt, views each individual as a unique person and each advising session as a unique opportunity, views change as an ally rather than nemesis, and believes the advisor's impact is not…

Degenerate higher derivative theories beyond Horndeski: evading the Ostrogradski instability

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Langlois, David; Noui, Karim, E-mail: langlois@apc.univ-paris7.fr, E-mail: karim.noui@lmpt.univ-tours.fr

2016-02-01

Theories with higher order time derivatives generically suffer from ghost-like instabilities, known as Ostrogradski instabilities. This fate can be avoided by considering ''degenerate'' Lagrangians, whose kinetic matrix cannot be inverted, thus leading to constraints between canonical variables and a reduced number of physical degrees of freedom. In this work, we derive in a systematic way the degeneracy conditions for scalar-tensor theories that depend quadratically on second order derivatives of a scalar field. We thus obtain a classification of all degenerate theories within this class of scalar-tensor theories. The quartic Horndeski Lagrangian and its extension beyond Horndeski belong to these degeneratemore » cases. We also identify new families of scalar-tensor theories with the property that they are degenerate despite the nondegeneracy of the purely scalar part of their Lagrangian.« less

Higher order alchemical derivatives from coupled perturbed self-consistent field theory.

PubMed

Lesiuk, Michał; Balawender, Robert; Zachara, Janusz

2012-01-21

We present an analytical approach to treat higher order derivatives of Hartree-Fock (HF) and Kohn-Sham (KS) density functional theory energy in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation with respect to the nuclear charge distribution (so-called alchemical derivatives). Modified coupled perturbed self-consistent field theory is used to calculate molecular systems response to the applied perturbation. Working equations for the second and the third derivatives of HF/KS energy are derived. Similarly, analytical forms of the first and second derivatives of orbital energies are reported. The second derivative of Kohn-Sham energy and up to the third derivative of Hartree-Fock energy with respect to the nuclear charge distribution were calculated. Some issues of practical calculations, in particular the dependence of the basis set and Becke weighting functions on the perturbation, are considered. For selected series of isoelectronic molecules values of available alchemical derivatives were computed and Taylor series expansion was used to predict energies of the "surrounding" molecules. Predicted values of energies are in unexpectedly good agreement with the ones computed using HF/KS methods. Presented method allows one to predict orbital energies with the error less than 1% or even smaller for valence orbitals. © 2012 American Institute of Physics

Productivity as an Indication of Quality in Higher Education: The Views of Employed Graduates in Greece

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eliophotou Menon, Maria

2016-01-01

The paper investigates the views of Greek university graduates on the link between higher education and productivity in order to determine the extent to which productivity can be considered to be an indication of quality in higher education. It also investigates the perceived effect of the type and content of higher education on productivity;…

Three-point functions in duality-invariant higher-derivative gravity

DOE PAGES

Naseer, Usman; Zwiebach, Barton

2016-03-21

Here, doubled α'-geometry is the simplest higher-derivative gravitational theory with exact global duality symmetry. We use the double metric formulation of this theory to compute on-shell three-point functions to all orders in α'. A simple pattern emerges when comparing with the analogous bosonic and heterotic three-point functions. As in these theories, the amplitudes factorize. The theory has no Gauss-Bonnet term, but contains a Riemann-cubed interaction to second order in α'.

T-duality constraints on higher derivatives revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hohm, Olaf; Zwiebach, Barton

2016-04-01

We ask to what extent are the higher-derivative corrections of string theory constrained by T-duality. The seminal early work by Meissner tests T-duality by reduction to one dimension using a distinguished choice of field variables in which the bosonic string action takes a Gauss-Bonnet-type form. By analyzing all field redefinitions that may or may not be duality covariant and may or may not be gauge covariant we extend the procedure to test T-duality starting from an action expressed in arbitrary field variables. We illustrate the method by showing that it determines uniquely the first-order α' corrections of the bosonic string, up to terms that vanish in one dimension. We also use the method to glean information about the O({α}^' 2}) corrections in the double field theory with Green-Schwarz deformation.

BRST Formalism for Systems with Higher Order Derivatives of Gauge Parameters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nirov, Kh. S.

For a wide class of mechanical systems, invariant under gauge transformations with arbitrary higher order time derivatives of gauge parameters, the equivalence of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian BRST formalisms is proved. It is shown that the Ostrogradsky formalism establishes the natural rules to relate the BFV ghost canonical pairs with the ghosts and antighosts introduced by the Lagrangian approach. Explicit relation between corresponding gauge-fixing terms is obtained.

Sensitivity analysis of complex coupled systems extended to second and higher order derivatives

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sobieszczanski-Sobieski, Jaroslaw

1989-01-01

In design of engineering systems, the what if questions often arise such as: what will be the change of the aircraft payload, if the wing aspect ratio is incremented by 10 percent. Answers to such questions are commonly sought by incrementing the pertinent variable, and reevaluating the major disciplinary analyses involved. These analyses are contributed by engineering disciplines that are, usually, coupled, as are the aerodynamics, structures, and performance in the context of the question above. The what if questions can be answered precisely by computation of the derivatives. A method for calculation of the first derivatives has been developed previously. An algorithm is presented for calculation of the second and higher order derivatives.

Generalized Lee-Wick formulation from higher derivative field theories

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cho, Inyong; Kwon, O-Kab; Department of Physics, BK21 Physics Research Division, Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746

2010-07-15

We study a higher derivative (HD) field theory with an arbitrary order of derivative for a real scalar field. The degree of freedom for the HD field can be converted to multiple fields with canonical kinetic terms up to the overall sign. The Lagrangian describing the dynamics of the multiple fields is known as the Lee-Wick (LW) form. The first step to obtain the LW form for a given HD Lagrangian is to find an auxiliary field (AF) Lagrangian which is equivalent to the original HD Lagrangian up to the quantum level. Until now, the AF Lagrangian has been studiedmore » only for N=2 and 3 cases, where N is the number of poles of the two-point function of the HD scalar field. We construct the AF Lagrangian for arbitrary N. By the linear combinations of AF fields, we also obtain the corresponding LW form. We find the explicit mapping matrices among the HD fields, the AF fields, and the LW fields. As an exercise of our construction, we calculate the relations among parameters and mapping matrices for N=2, 3, and 4 cases.« less

Two-Loop Gell-Mann Function for General Renormalizable N = 1 Supersymmetric Theory, Regularized by Higher Derivatives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shevtsova, Ekaterina

2011-10-01

For the general renormalizable N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, regularized by higher covariant derivatives, a two-loop β-function is calculated. It is shown that all integrals, needed for its obtaining are integrals of total derivatives.

Higher-order clustering in networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yin, Hao; Benson, Austin R.; Leskovec, Jure

2018-05-01

A fundamental property of complex networks is the tendency for edges to cluster. The extent of the clustering is typically quantified by the clustering coefficient, which is the probability that a length-2 path is closed, i.e., induces a triangle in the network. However, higher-order cliques beyond triangles are crucial to understanding complex networks, and the clustering behavior with respect to such higher-order network structures is not well understood. Here we introduce higher-order clustering coefficients that measure the closure probability of higher-order network cliques and provide a more comprehensive view of how the edges of complex networks cluster. Our higher-order clustering coefficients are a natural generalization of the traditional clustering coefficient. We derive several properties about higher-order clustering coefficients and analyze them under common random graph models. Finally, we use higher-order clustering coefficients to gain new insights into the structure of real-world networks from several domains.

Low rank approach to computing first and higher order derivatives using automatic differentiation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reed, J. A.; Abdel-Khalik, H. S.; Utke, J.

2012-07-01

This manuscript outlines a new approach for increasing the efficiency of applying automatic differentiation (AD) to large scale computational models. By using the principles of the Efficient Subspace Method (ESM), low rank approximations of the derivatives for first and higher orders can be calculated using minimized computational resources. The output obtained from nuclear reactor calculations typically has a much smaller numerical rank compared to the number of inputs and outputs. This rank deficiency can be exploited to reduce the number of derivatives that need to be calculated using AD. The effective rank can be determined according to ESM by computingmore » derivatives with AD at random inputs. Reduced or pseudo variables are then defined and new derivatives are calculated with respect to the pseudo variables. Two different AD packages are used: OpenAD and Rapsodia. OpenAD is used to determine the effective rank and the subspace that contains the derivatives. Rapsodia is then used to calculate derivatives with respect to the pseudo variables for the desired order. The overall approach is applied to two simple problems and to MATWS, a safety code for sodium cooled reactors. (authors)« less

Holographic superconductivity from higher derivative theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Jian-Pin; Liu, Peng

2017-11-01

We construct a 6 derivative holographic superconductor model in the 4-dimensional bulk spacetimes, in which the normal state describes a quantum critical (QC) phase. The phase diagram (γ1 ,Tˆc) and the condensation as the function of temperature are worked out numerically. We observe that with the decrease of the coupling parameter γ1, the critical temperature Tˆc decreases and the formation of charged scalar hair becomes harder. We also calculate the optical conductivity. An appealing characteristic is a wider extension of the superconducting energy gap, comparing with that of 4 derivative theory. It is expected that this phenomena can be observed in the real materials of high temperature superconductor. Also the Homes' law in our present models with 4 and 6 derivative corrections is explored. We find that in certain range of parameters γ and γ1, the experimentally measured value of the universal constant C in Homes' law can be obtained.

An Alternative Proposition to Lewis' Views on the "Constructions of Professional Identity in a Dynamic Higher Education Sector"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feather, Denis

2015-01-01

This paper offers an alternative proposition to that of Lewis on identity and professional identity in higher education (HE). The proposition is provided from the narratives of 26 individual interviewees who deliver HE in college-based higher education, a viewpoint not considered by Lewis, who tends to adopt a more generalist view. Where Lewis…

Non-Schwarzschild black-hole metric in four dimensional higher derivative gravity: Analytical approximation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kokkotas, K. D.; Konoplya, R. A.; Zhidenko, A.

2017-09-01

Higher derivative extensions of Einstein gravity are important within the string theory approach to gravity and as alternative and effective theories of gravity. H. Lü, A. Perkins, C. Pope, and K. Stelle [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 171601 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.171601] found a numerical solution describing a spherically symmetric non-Schwarzschild asymptotically flat black hole in Einstein gravity with added higher derivative terms. Using the general and quickly convergent parametrization in terms of the continued fractions, we represent this numerical solution in the analytical form, which is accurate not only near the event horizon or far from the black hole, but in the whole space. Thereby, the obtained analytical form of the metric allows one to study easily all the further properties of the black hole, such as thermodynamics, Hawking radiation, particle motion, accretion, perturbations, stability, quasinormal spectrum, etc. Thus, the found analytical approximate representation can serve in the same way as an exact solution.

Quantum critical charge response from higher derivatives in holography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Witczak-Krempa, William

2014-04-01

We extend the range of possibilities for the charge response in the quantum critical regime in 2 + 1D using holography, and compare them with field theory and recent quantum Monte Carlo results. We show that a family of (infinitely many) higher derivative terms in the gravitational bulk leads to behavior far richer than what was previously obtained. For example, we prove that the conductivity becomes unbounded, undermining previously obtained constraints. We further find a nontrivial and infinite set of theories that have a self-dual conductivity. Particle-vortex or S duality plays a key role; notably, it maps theories with a finite number of bulk terms to ones with an infinite number. Many properties, such as sum rules and stability conditions, are proven.

Pulse transmission receiver with higher-order time derivative pulse generator

DOEpatents

Dress, Jr., William B.; Smith, Stephen F.

2003-08-12

Systems and methods for pulse-transmission low-power communication modes are disclosed. A pulse transmission receiver includes: a front-end amplification/processing circuit; a synchronization circuit coupled to the front-end amplification/processing circuit; a clock coupled to the synchronization circuit; a trigger signal generator coupled to the clock; and at least one higher-order time derivative pulse generator coupled to the trigger signal generator. The systems and methods significantly reduce lower-frequency emissions from pulse transmission spread-spectrum communication modes, which reduces potentially harmful interference to existing radio frequency services and users and also simultaneously permit transmission of multiple data bits by utilizing specific pulse shapes.

Cultural Capital and Agency: Connecting Critique and Curriculum in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clegg, Sue

2011-01-01

This paper explores some of the unresolved tensions in higher education systems and the contradiction between widening participation and the consolidation of social position. It shows how concepts of capital derived from Bourdieu, Coleman and Putnam provide a powerful basis for critique, but risk a deficit view of students from less privileged…

A Governor's View of Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bowen, Otis R.

A governor's perspective on higher education suggests that government needs to assure itself that the activities it funds are effective in achieving their goals, that college management practices are efficient, that postsecondary education is equally accessible to all citizens, and that excellence in higher education is achieved. Additional issues…

Higher-order derivative correlations and the alignment of small-scale structures in isotropic numerical turbulence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kerr, R. A.

1983-01-01

In a three dimensional simulation higher order derivative correlations, including skewness and flatness factors, are calculated for velocity and passive scalar fields and are compared with structures in the flow. The equations are forced to maintain steady state turbulence and collect statistics. It is found that the scalar derivative flatness increases much faster with Reynolds number than the velocity derivative flatness, and the velocity and mixed derivative skewness do not increase with Reynolds number. Separate exponents are found for the various fourth order velocity derivative correlations, with the vorticity flatness exponent the largest. Three dimensional graphics show strong alignment between the vorticity, rate of strain, and scalar-gradient fields. The vorticity is concentrated in tubes with the scalar gradient and the largest principal rate of strain aligned perpendicular to the tubes. Velocity spectra, in Kolmogorov variables, collapse to a single curve and a short minus 5/3 spectral regime is observed.

Holographic dark energy in higher derivative gravity with time varying model parameter c2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borah, B.; Ansari, M.

2015-01-01

Purpose of this paper is to study holographic dark energy in higher derivative gravity assuming the model parameter c2 as a slowly time varying function. Since dark energy emerges as combined effect of linear as well as non-linear terms of curvature, therefore it is important to see holographic dark energy at higher derivative gravity, where action contains both linear as well as non-linear terms of Ricci curvature R. We consider non-interacting scenario of the holographic dark energy with dark matter in spatially flat universe and obtain evolution of the equation of state parameter. Also, we determine deceleration parameter as well as the evolution of dark energy density to explain expansion of the universe. Further, we investigate validity of generalized second law of thermodynamics in this scenario. Finally, we find out a cosmological application of our work by evaluating a relation for the equation of state of holographic dark energy for low red-shifts containing c2 correction.

The higher mode of surface wave derived from ambient noise and preliminary application to estimating subsurface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhentao, Y.; Xiaofei, C.; Jiannan, W.

2016-12-01

The fundamental mode is the primary component of surface wave derived from ambient noise. It is the basis of the method of structure imaging from ambient noise (e.g. SPAC, Aki 1957; F-K, Lascoss 1968; MUSIC, Schmidt 1986). It is well known, however, that if the higher modes of surface wave can be identified from data and are incorporated in the inversion of dispersion curves, the uncertainty in inversion results will be greatly reduced (e.g., Tokimastu,1997). Actually, the ambient noise indeed contains the higher modes as well in its raw data of ambient noise. If we could extract the higher modes from ambient noise, the structure inversion method of ambient noise would be greatly improved. In the past decade, there are many studies to improve SPAC and analyses the relationship of fundamental mode and higher mode (Ohri et al 2002; Asten et al. 2006; Tashiaki Ykoi 2010 ;Tatsunori Ikeda 2012). In this study, we will present a new method of identifying higher modes from ambient noise data by reprocessing the "surface waves' phases" derived from the ambient noise through cross-correlation analysis, and show preliminary application in structure inversion.

Signs and stability in higher-derivative gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Narain, Gaurav

2018-02-01

Perturbatively renormalizable higher-derivative gravity in four space-time dimensions with arbitrary signs of couplings has been considered. Systematic analysis of the action with arbitrary signs of couplings in Lorentzian flat space-time for no-tachyons, fixes the signs. Feynman + i𝜖 prescription for these signs further grants necessary convergence in path-integral, suppressing the field modes with large action. This also leads to a sensible wick rotation where quantum computation can be performed. Running couplings for these sign of parameters make the massive tensor ghost innocuous leading to a stable and ghost-free renormalizable theory in four space-time dimensions. The theory has a transition point arising from renormalization group (RG) equations, where the coefficient of R2 diverges without affecting the perturbative quantum field theory (QFT). Redefining this coefficient gives a better handle over the theory around the transition point. The flow equations push the flow of parameters across the transition point. The flow beyond the transition point is analyzed using the one-loop RG equations which shows that the regime beyond the transition point has unphysical properties: there are tachyons, the path-integral loses positive definiteness, Newton’s constant G becomes negative and large, and perturbative parameters become large. These shortcomings indicate a lack of completeness beyond the transition point and need of a nonperturbative treatment of the theory beyond the transition point.

Polymer quantization, stability and higher-order time derivative terms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cumsille, Patricio; Reyes, Carlos M.; Ossandon, Sebastian; Reyes, Camilo

2016-03-01

The possibility that fundamental discreteness implicit in a quantum gravity theory may act as a natural regulator for ultraviolet singularities arising in quantum field theory has been intensively studied. Here, along the same expectations, we investigate whether a nonstandard representation called polymer representation can smooth away the large amount of negative energy that afflicts the Hamiltonians of higher-order time derivative theories, rendering the theory unstable when interactions come into play. We focus on the fourth-order Pais-Uhlenbeck model which can be reexpressed as the sum of two decoupled harmonic oscillators one producing positive energy and the other negative energy. As expected, the Schrödinger quantization of such model leads to the stability problem or to negative norm states called ghosts. Within the framework of polymer quantization we show the existence of new regions where the Hamiltonian can be defined well bounded from below.

Second- and Higher-Order Virial Coefficients Derived from Equations of State for Real Gases

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parkinson, William A.

2009-01-01

Derivation of the second- and higher-order virial coefficients for models of the gaseous state is demonstrated by employing a direct differential method and subsequent term-by-term comparison to power series expansions. This communication demonstrates the application of this technique to van der Waals representations of virial coefficients.…

A comparison of different methods to implement higher order derivatives of density functionals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

van Dam, Hubertus J.J.

Density functional theory is the dominant approach in electronic structure methods today. To calculate properties higher order derivatives of the density functionals are required. These derivatives might be implemented manually,by automatic differentiation, or by symbolic algebra programs. Different authors have cited different reasons for using the particular method of their choice. This paper presents work where all three approaches were used and the strengths and weaknesses of each approach are considered. It is found that all three methods produce code that is suffficiently performanted for practical applications, despite the fact that our symbolic algebra generated code and our automatic differentiationmore » code still have scope for significant optimization. The automatic differentiation approach is the best option for producing readable and maintainable code.« less

Higher Education's Cultural Obligations: Views and Reviews.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reid, John Y., Ed.

Perspectives on the cultural obligations of higher education are presented in this collection of papers. Higher education's possible and probable cultural function is addressed from the perspective of business, the arts, education, and religion. Also discussed is the role of institutions of higher education in establishing a system of values,…

Tumor Associated Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Show Higher Immunosuppressive and Angiogenic Properties Compared to Adipose Derived MSCs.

PubMed

Langroudi, Ladan; Hassan, Zuhair Muhammad; Soleimani, Masoud; Hashemi, Seyed Mahmoud

2015-12-01

Differentiation, migratory properties and availability of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) have become an important part of biomedical research. However, the functional heterogeneity of cells derived from different tissues has hampered providing definitive phenotypic markers for these cells. To characterize and compare the phenotype and cytokines of adipose derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) and tumoral-MSCs (T-MSCs) isolated from mammary tumors of BALB/c mice. Immunophenotyping and in vitro differentiation tests were used for MSC characterization. Cytokine and enzyme profiles were assessed using ELISA and Real-time PCR, respectively. T-MSCs expressed significantly higher levels of HLA-DR (p=0.04). Higher levels of PGE2 and COX-2 enzyme were also observed in T-MSCs (p=0.07 and p=0.00, respectively). Additionally, T-MSCs expressed higher levels of iNOS and MMP9 (p=0.01 and p=0.01, respectively). T-MSCs were also able to induce higher levels of proliferation and migration of HUVEC endothelial cells in wound scratch assay compared to AD-MSCs (p=0.015). Functional differences showed by the surface markers of MSCs, cytokine and enzyme production indicate the effect of different microenvironments on MSCs phenotype and function.

Pulse transmission transmitter including a higher order time derivate filter

DOEpatents

Dress, Jr., William B.; Smith, Stephen F.

2003-09-23

Systems and methods for pulse-transmission low-power communication modes are disclosed. A pulse transmission transmitter includes: a clock; a pseudorandom polynomial generator coupled to the clock, the pseudorandom polynomial generator having a polynomial load input; an exclusive-OR gate coupled to the pseudorandom polynomial generator, the exclusive-OR gate having a serial data input; a programmable delay circuit coupled to both the clock and the exclusive-OR gate; a pulse generator coupled to the programmable delay circuit; and a higher order time derivative filter coupled to the pulse generator. The systems and methods significantly reduce lower-frequency emissions from pulse transmission spread-spectrum communication modes, which reduces potentially harmful interference to existing radio frequency services and users and also simultaneously permit transmission of multiple data bits by utilizing specific pulse shapes.

Revitalizing Quality Using Guidance Counseling in Ethiopian Higher Education Institutions: Exploring Students' Views and Attitudes at Haramaya University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seyoum, Yilfashewa

2011-01-01

This study attempts to scrutinize how guidance counseling is implemented and its impact in enhancing quality in higher education institutions. The sole purpose of the investigation is to explore students' views and attitudes and how the current practices of guidance counseling contribute to foster excellence of the various university academic…

Views of the person with dementia

PubMed Central

Hughes, J.

2001-01-01

In this paper I consider, in connection with dementia, two views of the person. One view of the person is derived from Locke and Parfit. This tends to regard the person solely in terms of psychological states and his/her connections. The second view of the person is derived from a variety of thinkers. I have called it the situated-embodied-agent view of the person. This view, I suggest, more readily squares with the reality of clinical experience. It regards the person as embedded in a history and culture. The human person is also an embodied agent. I contend that this view encourages a more appropriate approach towards the ethical issues that arise in dementia and towards people with dementia. Key Words: Person • dementia • advance directives • psychological phenomena • narrative • end of life PMID:11314164

Boson-boson effective nonrelativistic potential for higher-derivative electromagnetic theories in D dimensions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Accioly, Antonio; Dias, Marco

2004-11-15

The problem of computing the effective nonrelativistic potential U{sub D} for the interaction of charged-scalar bosons, within the context of D-dimensional electromagnetism with a cutoff, is reduced to quadratures. It is shown that U{sub 3} cannot bind a pair of identical charged-scalar bosons; nevertheless, numerical calculations indicate that boson-boson bound states do exist in the framework of three-dimensional higher-derivative electromagnetism augmented by a topological Chern-Simons term.

Determination of angle of light deflection in higher-derivative gravity theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Chenmei; Yang, Yisong

2018-03-01

Gravitational light deflection is known as one of three classical tests of general relativity and the angle of deflection may be computed explicitly using approximate or exact solutions describing the gravitational force generated from a point mass. In various generalized gravity theories, however, such explicit determination is often impossible due to the difficulty in obtaining an exact expression for the deflection angle. In this work, we present some highly effective globally convergent iterative methods to determine the angle of semiclassical gravitational deflection in higher- and infinite-derivative formalisms of quantum gravity theories. We also establish the universal properties that the deflection angle always stays below the classical Einstein angle and is a strictly decreasing function of the incident photon energy, in these formalisms.

Raising test scores vs. teaching higher order thinking (HOT): senior science teachers' views on how several concurrent policies affect classroom practices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zohar, Anat; Alboher Agmon, Vered

2018-04-01

This study investigates how senior science teachers viewed the effects of a Raising Test Scores policy and its implementation on instruction of higher order thinking (HOT), and on teaching thinking to students with low academic achievements.

Higher derivative extensions of 3 d Chern-Simons models: conservation laws and stability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaparulin, D. S.; Karataeva, I. Yu.; Lyakhovich, S. L.

2015-11-01

We consider the class of higher derivative 3 d vector field models with the field equation operator being a polynomial of the Chern-Simons operator. For the nth-order theory of this type, we provide a general recipe for constructing n-parameter family of conserved second rank tensors. The family includes the canonical energy-momentum tensor, which is unbounded, while there are bounded conserved tensors that provide classical stability of the system for certain combinations of the parameters in the Lagrangian. We also demonstrate the examples of consistent interactions which are compatible with the requirement of stability.

Transforming Higher Education: Views from Leaders around the World. Series on Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Green, Madeleine F., Ed.

This collection of 16 essays examines forces transforming higher education around the world, including demands for greater access to higher education, funding problems, the conflicting requirements of various constituencies, and pressures to contribute to a country's economic and social development. The essays include: (1) "Forces for Change"…

Perspective: New Alliances for Higher Education: Two Views.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caldwell, Philip; Chaikin, Sol

1980-01-01

The chairman of Ford Motor Company (Caldwell) and the president of the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union (Chaikin) assess current critical issues and their implications for higher education. The American economy, government regulation, productivity, taxes, competition, higher education for workers, and energy and resources are discussed.…

Resources for Higher Education: An Economist's View. (Reprint).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schultz, Theodore W.

1969-01-01

The limitations of economic analysis are evident when one considers the complexity of our society's needs and problems. Seven propositions which may be useful in planning and in financing higher education are: education is a form of human capital; the 3 major functions of higher education are discovering talent, instruction and research; there are…

Creating an Integrated Curriculum--The 'Higher' In Higher Education. 1981 Current Issues in Higher Education, No. 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Association for Higher Education, Washington, DC.

Perspectives on creating an integrated college curriculum are presented in four papers. In "What is 'Higher' About Higher Education?" Harlan Cleveland suggests that colleges and universities should promote a global view and understanding of problems on society and international interdependence and should develop the capacity to analyze…

View Combination: A Generalization Mechanism for Visual Recognition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Friedman, Alinda; Waller, David; Thrash, Tyler; Greenauer, Nathan; Hodgson, Eric

2011-01-01

We examined whether view combination mechanisms shown to underlie object and scene recognition can integrate visual information across views that have little or no three-dimensional information at either the object or scene level. In three experiments, people learned four "views" of a two dimensional visual array derived from a three-dimensional…

Simulation in Higher Education: A Sociomaterial View

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hopwood, Nick; Rooney, Donna; Boud, David; Kelly, Michelle

2016-01-01

This article presents a sociomaterial account of simulation in higher education. Sociomaterial approaches change the ontological and epistemological bases for understanding learning and offer valuable tools for addressing important questions about relationships between university education and professional practices. Simulation has grown in many…

Does object view influence the scene consistency effect?

PubMed

Sastyin, Gergo; Niimi, Ryosuke; Yokosawa, Kazuhiko

2015-04-01

Traditional research on the scene consistency effect only used clearly recognizable object stimuli to show mutually interactive context effects for both the object and background components on scene perception (Davenport & Potter in Psychological Science, 15, 559-564, 2004). However, in real environments, objects are viewed from multiple viewpoints, including an accidental, hard-to-recognize one. When the observers named target objects in scenes (Experiments 1a and 1b, object recognition task), we replicated the scene consistency effect (i.e., there was higher accuracy for the objects with consistent backgrounds). However, there was a significant interaction effect between consistency and object viewpoint, which indicated that the scene consistency effect was more important for identifying objects in the accidental view condition than in the canonical view condition. Therefore, the object recognition system may rely more on the scene context when the object is difficult to recognize. In Experiment 2, the observers identified the background (background recognition task) while the scene consistency and object views were manipulated. The results showed that object viewpoint had no effect, while the scene consistency effect was observed. More specifically, the canonical and accidental views both equally provided contextual information for scene perception. These findings suggested that the mechanism for conscious recognition of objects could be dissociated from the mechanism for visual analysis of object images that were part of a scene. The "context" that the object images provided may have been derived from its view-invariant, relatively low-level visual features (e.g., color), rather than its semantic information.

The Adler D-function for N = 1 SQCD regularized by higher covariant derivatives in the three-loop approximation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kataev, A. L.; Kazantsev, A. E.; Stepanyantz, K. V.

2018-01-01

We calculate the Adler D-function for N = 1 SQCD in the three-loop approximation using the higher covariant derivative regularization and the NSVZ-like subtraction scheme. The recently formulated all-order relation between the Adler function and the anomalous dimension of the matter superfields defined in terms of the bare coupling constant is first considered and generalized to the case of an arbitrary representation for the chiral matter superfields. The correctness of this all-order relation is explicitly verified at the three-loop level. The special renormalization scheme in which this all-order relation remains valid for the D-function and the anomalous dimension defined in terms of the renormalized coupling constant is constructed in the case of using the higher derivative regularization. The analytic expression for the Adler function for N = 1 SQCD is found in this scheme to the order O (αs2). The problem of scheme-dependence of the D-function and the NSVZ-like equation is briefly discussed.

Psychotropic medication, psychiatric disorders, and higher brain functions

PubMed Central

Schulz, Pierre; Steimer, Thierry

2000-01-01

Conventional psychiatric diagnosis is founded on symptom description; this then governs the choice of psychotropic medication. This purely descriptive approach resembles a description of diphtheria from the premicrobiology era. Based on current advances in basic and clinical neuroscience, we propose inserting an intermediate level of analysis between psychiatric symptoms and pharmacologic modes of action. Paradigm 1 is to analyze psychiatric symptoms in terms of which higher brain function(s) is (are) abnormal, ie, symptoms should be analyzed as higher brain dysfunction: a case study in obsessive-compulsive disorder reveals pointers in four common symptoms to the higher functions of working memory, emotional overlay, absence of voluntary control, and the ability to evaluate personal mental phenomena. Paradigm 2 is to view psychotropic drugs as modifying normal higher brain functions, rather than merely treating symptoms, which they do only secondarily: thus depression may respond to agents that act on related aspects of mental life derived from higher brain functions, eg, the ability to enhance bonding. We advocate a strategy in which psychiatric illness is progressively reclassified through knowledge in clinical neuroscience and treatment targets are revised accordingly. PMID:22034249

Raising Test Scores vs. Teaching Higher Order Thinking (HOT): Senior Science Teachers' Views on How Several Concurrent Policies Affect Classroom Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zohar, Anat; Alboher Agmon, Vered

2018-01-01

Purpose: This study investigates how senior science teachers viewed the effects of a Raising Test Scores policy and its implementation on instruction of higher order thinking (HOT), and on teaching thinking to students with low academic achievements. Background: The study was conducted in the context of three concurrent policies advocating: (a)…

Analysis of the viewing zone of the Cambridge autostereoscopic display.

PubMed

Dodgson, N A

1996-04-01

The Cambridge autostereoscopic three-dimensional display is a time-multiplexed device that gives both stereo and movement parallax to the viewer without the need for any special glasses. This analysis derives the size and position of the fully illuminated, and hence useful, viewing zone for a Cambridge display. The viewing zone of such a display is shown to be completely determined by four parameters: the width of the screen, the optimal distance of the viewer from the screen, the width over which an image can be seen across the whole screen at this optimal distance, and the number of views. A display's viewing zone can thus be completely described without reference to the internal implementation of the device. An equation that describes what the eye sees from any position in front of the display is derived. The equations derived can be used in both the analysis and design of this type of time-multiplexed autostereoscopic display.

Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of new higher amino acid Schiff base derivatives of 6-aminopenicillanic acid and 7-aminocephalosporanic acid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Özdemir (nee Güngör), Özlem; Gürkan, Perihan; Özçelik, Berrin; Oyardı, Özlem

2016-02-01

Novel β-lactam derivatives (1c-3c) (1d-3d) were produced by using 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) and the higher amino acid Schiff bases. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H/13C NMR and UV-vis spectra. Antibacterial activities of all the higher amino acid Schiff bases (1a-3a) (1b-3b) and β-lactam derivatives were screened against three gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Acinetobacter baumannii RSKK 02026), three gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 07005, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633) and their drug-resistant isolates by using broth microdilution method. Two fungi (Candida albicans and Candida krusei) were used for antifungal activity.

Multicritical scalar theories with higher-derivative kinetic terms: A perturbative RG approach with the ɛ -expansion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Safari, M.; Vacca, G. P.

2018-02-01

We employ perturbative renormalization group and ɛ -expansion to study multicritical single-scalar field theories with higher derivative kinetic terms of the form ϕ (-□)kϕ . We focus on those with a Z2-symmetric critical point which are characterized by an upper critical dimension dc=2 n k /(n -1 ) accumulating at even integers. We distinguish two types of theories depending on whether or not the numbers k and n -1 are relatively prime. When they are, the critical theory involves a marginal powerlike interaction ϕ2 n and the deformations admit a derivative expansion that at leading order involves only the potential. In this case we present the beta functional of the potential and use this to calculate some anomalous dimensions and operator product expansion coefficients. These confirm some conformal field theory data obtained using conformal-block techniques, while giving new results. In the second case where k and n -1 have a common divisor, the theories show a much richer structure induced by the presence of marginal derivative operators at criticality. We study the case k =2 with odd values of n , which fall in the second class, and calculate the functional flows and spectrum. These theories have a phase diagram characterized at leading order in ɛ by four fixed points which apart from the Gaussian UV fixed point include an IR fixed point with a purely derivative interaction.

Attitude Estimation for Large Field-of-View Sensors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cheng, Yang; Crassidis, John L.; Markley, F. Landis

2005-01-01

The QUEST measurement noise model for unit vector observations has been widely used in spacecraft attitude estimation for more than twenty years. It was derived under the approximation that the noise lies in the tangent plane of the respective unit vector and is axially symmetrically distributed about the vector. For large field-of-view sensors, however, this approximation may be poor, especially when the measurement falls near the edge of the field of view. In this paper a new measurement noise model is derived based on a realistic noise distribution in the focal-plane of a large field-of-view sensor, which shows significant differences from the QUEST model for unit vector observations far away from the sensor boresight. An extended Kalman filter for attitude estimation is then designed with the new measurement noise model. Simulation results show that with the new measurement model the extended Kalman filter achieves better estimation performance using large field-of-view sensor observations.

Depression: viewed from a transcultural nursing theoretical perspective.

PubMed

Rosenbaum, J N

1989-01-01

Phenomena related to depression are discussed transculturally and examined within the context of Leininger's theory of transcultural diversity and universality of care and health. Mental health and mental illness are viewed within the social structure and world view in order to derive culturally congruent nursing care. Recommendations for future research are suggested.

Increase in dermcidin-derived peptides in sweat of patients with atopic eczema caused by a humorous video.

PubMed

Kimata, Hajime

2007-01-01

Dermcidin (DCD)-derived peptide is an antimicrobial peptide produced by the sweat glands. However, the levels of DCD-derived peptide in sweat were decreased in patients with atopic eczema (AE). The effect of viewing a humorous video on the levels of DCD-derived peptide was studied. Twenty patients with AE viewed an 87-min humorous video (Modern Times, featuring Charlie Chaplin). Just before and immediately after viewing, sweat was collected, and the levels of DCD-derived peptide and total protein in sweat were measured. Viewing a humorous video increased the levels of DCD-derived peptide without affecting the levels of total protein in sweat. Viewing a humorous video increased DCD-derived peptide in sweat of patients with AE, and thus, it may be helpful in the treatment of skin infection of AE.

Immersive viewing engine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schonlau, William J.

2006-05-01

An immersive viewing engine providing basic telepresence functionality for a variety of application types is presented. Augmented reality, teleoperation and virtual reality applications all benefit from the use of head mounted display devices that present imagery appropriate to the user's head orientation at full frame rates. Our primary application is the viewing of remote environments, as with a camera equipped teleoperated vehicle. The conventional approach where imagery from a narrow field camera onboard the vehicle is presented to the user on a small rectangular screen is contrasted with an immersive viewing system where a cylindrical or spherical format image is received from a panoramic camera on the vehicle, resampled in response to sensed user head orientation and presented via wide field eyewear display, approaching 180 degrees of horizontal field. Of primary interest is the user's enhanced ability to perceive and understand image content, even when image resolution parameters are poor, due to the innate visual integration and 3-D model generation capabilities of the human visual system. A mathematical model for tracking user head position and resampling the panoramic image to attain distortion free viewing of the region appropriate to the user's current head pose is presented and consideration is given to providing the user with stereo viewing generated from depth map information derived using stereo from motion algorithms.

Beyond Lovelock gravity: Higher derivative metric theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crisostomi, M.; Noui, K.; Charmousis, C.; Langlois, D.

2018-02-01

We consider theories describing the dynamics of a four-dimensional metric, whose Lagrangian is diffeomorphism invariant and depends at most on second derivatives of the metric. Imposing degeneracy conditions we find a set of Lagrangians that, apart form the Einstein-Hilbert one, are either trivial or contain more than 2 degrees of freedom. Among the partially degenerate theories, we recover Chern-Simons gravity, endowed with constraints whose structure suggests the presence of instabilities. Then, we enlarge the class of parity violating theories of gravity by introducing new "chiral scalar-tensor theories." Although they all raise the same concern as Chern-Simons gravity, they can nevertheless make sense as low energy effective field theories or, by restricting them to the unitary gauge (where the scalar field is uniform), as Lorentz breaking theories with a parity violating sector.

The application of the mesh-free method in the numerical simulations of the higher-order continuum structures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sun, Yuzhou, E-mail: yuzhousun@126.com; Chen, Gensheng; Li, Dongxia

2016-06-08

This paper attempts to study the application of mesh-free method in the numerical simulations of the higher-order continuum structures. A high-order bending beam considers the effect of the third-order derivative of deflections, and can be viewed as a one-dimensional higher-order continuum structure. The moving least-squares method is used to construct the shape function with the high-order continuum property, the curvature and the third-order derivative of deflections are directly interpolated with nodal variables and the second- and third-order derivative of the shape function, and the mesh-free computational scheme is establish for beams. The coupled stress theory is introduced to describe themore » special constitutive response of the layered rock mass in which the bending effect of thin layer is considered. The strain and the curvature are directly interpolated with the nodal variables, and the mesh-free method is established for the layered rock mass. The good computational efficiency is achieved based on the developed mesh-free method, and some key issues are discussed.« less

MATLAB-based algorithm to estimate depths of isolated thin dike-like sources using higher-order horizontal derivatives of magnetic anomalies.

PubMed

Ekinci, Yunus Levent

2016-01-01

This paper presents an easy-to-use open source computer algorithm (code) for estimating the depths of isolated single thin dike-like source bodies by using numerical second-, third-, and fourth-order horizontal derivatives computed from observed magnetic anomalies. The approach does not require a priori information and uses some filters of successive graticule spacings. The computed higher-order horizontal derivative datasets are used to solve nonlinear equations for depth determination. The solutions are independent from the magnetization and ambient field directions. The practical usability of the developed code, designed in MATLAB R2012b (MathWorks Inc.), was successfully examined using some synthetic simulations with and without noise. The algorithm was then used to estimate the depths of some ore bodies buried in different regions (USA, Sweden, and Canada). Real data tests clearly indicated that the obtained depths are in good agreement with those of previous studies and drilling information. Additionally, a state-of-the-art inversion scheme based on particle swarm optimization produced comparable results to those of the higher-order horizontal derivative analyses in both synthetic and real anomaly cases. Accordingly, the proposed code is verified to be useful in interpreting isolated single thin dike-like magnetized bodies and may be an alternative processing technique. The open source code can be easily modified and adapted to suit the benefits of other researchers.

Chinese International Students' and Faculty Members' Views of Plagiarism in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grigg, Alan

2016-01-01

As the enrollment of Chinese international students (CIS) increased at a private institution in the Midwest, so did suspected cases of plagiarism. This study addressed the problem of how faculty members grappled with CIS' interpretation and application of Western-based views of plagiarism. The purpose of the study was to identify similarities and…

E-Learning in Chinese Higher Education: The View from Inside

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McConnell, David

2018-01-01

Despite the upsurge in interest in e-learning (or online learning) in Chinese higher education, little is known about the ways in which lecturers design and run their online courses, or about how they perceive e-learning. This paper reports the results of interviews with higher education teachers in China working in conventional, campus-based…

Higher Education: Past, Present, and Future--A View from UNESCO.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daniel, John

2003-01-01

Briefly traces the history of the European Centre for Higher Education (UNESCO-CEPES) since its founding in 1972 and the involvement of the author in its activities, as of the 1980s, as a member of its advisory committee. Further evokes the involvement of UNESCO itself in education, particularly higher education, an involvement with roots…

Energy expenditure, television viewing and obesity.

PubMed

Buchowski, M S; Sun, M

1996-03-01

To measure energy expenditure (EE) of television viewing, sitting, and resting and duration of self-selected television viewing in obese and non-obese men and women. Cross-over randomized study consisting of two separate 24-h stays in a whole-room indirect calorimeter. 123 obese and non-obese healthy men and women (age: 38 +/- 9, BMI: 29.4 +/- 7.9) Rates of energy expenditure during resting (RMR), sitting (EEsit) and television viewing (EEtv) using indirect calorimetry technique on two separate 24-h stays in a whole-room indirect calorimeter. Physical activities and work of body movements during these periods using a large force platform system located inside the calorimeter. Rates of EE for television viewing, adjusted for differences in body composition were 18% higher than resting metabolic rate (RMR), but similar to rates of other sedentary activities. There were no significant differences between obese and non-obese subjects in metabolic rates during resting, television viewing, and other sedentary activities. Average time of self-selected television viewing was significantly greater in obese than in non-obese subjects and also in women than in men. EE rate for television viewing in adults is higher than RMR and similar to other sedentary activities. Obese adults choose television viewing as a form of leisure activity more often than non-obese individuals and as a result they could significantly reduce other forms of physical activities and total daily EE.

An Expansion Formula with Higher-Order Derivatives for Fractional Operators of Variable Order

PubMed Central

Almeida, Ricardo

2013-01-01

We obtain approximation formulas for fractional integrals and derivatives of Riemann-Liouville and Marchaud types with a variable fractional order. The approximations involve integer-order derivatives only. An estimation for the error is given. The efficiency of the approximation method is illustrated with examples. As applications, we show how the obtained results are useful to solve differential equations, and problems of the calculus of variations that depend on fractional derivatives of Marchaud type. PMID:24319382

A novel wide-field-of-view display method with higher central resolution for hyper-realistic head dome projector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hotta, Aira; Sasaki, Takashi; Okumura, Haruhiko

2007-02-01

In this paper, we propose a novel display method to realize a high-resolution image in a central visual field for a hyper-realistic head dome projector. The method uses image processing based on the characteristics of human vision, namely, high central visual acuity and low peripheral visual acuity, and pixel shift technology, which is one of the resolution-enhancing technologies for projectors. The projected image with our method is a fine wide-viewing-angle image with high definition in the central visual field. We evaluated the psychological effects of the projected images with our method in terms of sensation of reality. According to the result, we obtained 1.5 times higher resolution in the central visual field and a greater sensation of reality by using our method.

Research in higher surgical training--the West Midlands view.

PubMed

Kmiot, W A; Neoptolemos, J P; Temple, J G

1993-09-01

A questionnaire on the role of research in higher surgical training was posted to all in-post NHS Consultants (n = 96) and Higher Surgical Trainees (n = 42) in the West Midlands Region. Replies were received from 80 consultants (83 per cent) and 37 trainees (88 per cent). Over 95 per cent of responders had undertaken some research activity previously. The vast majority of consultants (90 per cent) and trainees (95 per cent) thought that their research period had been beneficial; most would undertake research again even if not essential for higher surgical training (consultants 80 per cent, trainees 70 per cent). Research was felt to be essential for all trainees by 50 per cent of respondents in both groups; 78 per cent of consultants and 86 per cent of trainees also thought that all potential academics should obtain a degree by thesis. Most of the study participants thought that the appropriate time for research activity was as a post-FRCS registrar (consultants 72 per cent, trainees 80 per cent); 80 per cent of consultants and 67 per cent of trainees felt that this research period should be funded by the NHS. A planned, supervised and funded one-year period of research was favoured by the majority of consultants (54 per cent) and trainees (73 per cent) for non-academic general surgical trainees in the future.

Higher Education and the Minerals Boom: A View from the Regions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bell, Philip

2014-01-01

This paper examines the impact of the minerals boom to date on the demand for higher education in Central Queensland, and the sustainability of higher education providers in high economic growth environments. Several datasets were used to examine changes in the demand for higher education among specific student groups within the region, the…

Growth and Conflict: The Views of Chinese Private Higher Education Managers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ma, Xiaoying; Abbott, Malcom

2016-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a series of interviews conducted with a number of managers of Chinese private higher education institutions on the growth of the private higher education sector in China and the relationship it has with the government. Private higher education managers in China do seem concerned with…

Branding Canadian Higher Education. CBIE Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kizilbash, Zainab

2011-01-01

The branding of national higher education systems is a global trend that has become increasingly common over the last decade. One of the main motives driving this trend is the view that branding a national higher education system will increase that country's market share of international students. This is evident as national higher education…

The Use of Film Clips in a Viewing Time Task of Sexual Interests.

PubMed

Lalumière, Martin L; Babchishin, Kelly M; Ebsworth, Megan

2018-04-01

Viewing time tasks using still pictures to assess age and gender sexual interests have been well validated and are commonly used. The use of film clips in a viewing time task would open up interesting possibilities for the study of sexual interest toward sexual targets or activities that are not easily captured in still pictures. We examined the validity of a viewing time task using film clips to assess sexual interest toward male and female targets, in a sample of 52 young adults. Film clips produced longer viewing times than still pictures. For both men and women, the indices derived from the film viewing time task were able to distinguish individuals who identified as homosexual (14 men, 8 women) from those who identified as heterosexual (15 men, 15 women), and provided comparable group differentiation as indices derived from a viewing time task using still pictures. Men's viewing times were more gender-specific than those of women. Viewing times to film clips were correlated with participants' ratings of sexual appeal of the same clips, and with viewing times to pictures. The results support the feasibility of a viewing time measure of sexual interest that utilizes film clips and, thus, expand the types of sexual interests that could be investigated (e.g., sadism, biastophilia).

Stakeholders' Views of South Korea's Higher Education Internationalization Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cho, Young Ha; Palmer, John D.

2013-01-01

The study investigated the stakeholders' perceptions of South Korea's higher education internationalization policy. Based on the research framework that defines four policy values--propriety, effectiveness, diversity, and engagement, the convergence model was employed with a concurrent mixed method sampling strategy to analyze the stakeholders'…

Holistic Face Categorization in Higher Order Visual Areas of the Normal and Prosopagnosic Brain: Toward a Non-Hierarchical View of Face Perception

PubMed Central

Rossion, Bruno; Dricot, Laurence; Goebel, Rainer; Busigny, Thomas

2011-01-01

How a visual stimulus is initially categorized as a face in a network of human brain areas remains largely unclear. Hierarchical neuro-computational models of face perception assume that the visual stimulus is first decomposed in local parts in lower order visual areas. These parts would then be combined into a global representation in higher order face-sensitive areas of the occipito-temporal cortex. Here we tested this view in fMRI with visual stimuli that are categorized as faces based on their global configuration rather than their local parts (two-tones Mooney figures and Arcimboldo's facelike paintings). Compared to the same inverted visual stimuli that are not categorized as faces, these stimuli activated the right middle fusiform gyrus (“Fusiform face area”) and superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), with no significant activation in the posteriorly located inferior occipital gyrus (i.e., no “occipital face area”). This observation is strengthened by behavioral and neural evidence for normal face categorization of these stimuli in a brain-damaged prosopagnosic patient whose intact right middle fusiform gyrus and superior temporal sulcus are devoid of any potential face-sensitive inputs from the lesioned right inferior occipital cortex. Together, these observations indicate that face-preferential activation may emerge in higher order visual areas of the right hemisphere without any face-preferential inputs from lower order visual areas, supporting a non-hierarchical view of face perception in the visual cortex. PMID:21267432

Commercial strain-derived clinical Saccharomyces cerevisiae can evolve new phenotypes without higher pathogenicity.

PubMed

Pfliegler, Walter P; Boros, Enikő; Pázmándi, Kitti; Jakab, Ágnes; Zsuga, Imre; Kovács, Renátó; Urbán, Edit; Antunovics, Zsuzsa; Bácsi, Attila; Sipiczki, Matthias; Majoros, László; Pócsi, István

2017-11-01

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the most important microbes in food industry, but there is growing evidence on its potential pathogenicity as well. Its status as a member of human mycobiome is still not fully understood. In this study, we characterize clinical S. cerevisiae isolates from Hungarian hospitals along with commercial baking and probiotic strains, and determine their phenotypic parameters, virulence factors, interactions with human macrophages, and pathogenicity. Four of the clinical isolates could be traced back to commercial strains based on genetic fingerprinting. Our observations indicate that the commercial-derived clinical isolates have evolved new phenotypes and show similar, or in two cases, significantly decreased pathogenicity. Furthermore, immunological experiments revealed that the variability in human primary macrophage activation after coincubation with yeasts is largely donor and not isolate dependent. Isolates in this study offer an interesting insight into the potential microevolution of probiotic and food strains in human hosts. These commensal yeasts display various changes in their phenotypes, indicating that the colonization of the host does not necessarily impose a selective pressure toward higher virulence/pathogenicity. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Details at 11. How the Media View Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tanzer, Les

1980-01-01

Reasons are given for media myopia about higher education, and suggestions are made for improving news media perceptions: (1) using personalities to enhance the university's image; (2) establishing a program for making faculty expertise available to the media; (3) emphasizing solutions, not problems; and (4) taking risks. (MSE)

Strategies and Consequences. Managing the Costs in Higher Education. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No. 8.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waggaman, John S.

This report focuses on the need for better management of higher education resources in view of the rising costs and changing revenues now confronting higher education institutions in the United States. Rising costs and changing revenues are reflected in stagnating faculty salaries, a decline in enrollment, rising administrative and insurance…

Moderator's view: Higher serum bicarbonate in dialysis patients is protective.

PubMed

Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar

2016-08-01

Several observational studies have reported an association between higher serum bicarbonate level and high mortality risk in dialysis patients. However, in such studies mere discovery of associations does not allow one to infer causal relationships. This association may be related to inadequate dietary protein intake that may lead to less acid generation and hence a higher serum bicarbonate level. Since undernutrition is a strong predictor of death in hemodialysis patients, the observed association may be an epiphenomenon and not a biologically plausible relationship. Higher protein and fluid intake between two subsequent hemodialysis treatments may lead to lower serum bicarbonate level. This low bicarbonate level may appear protective, as patients with higher food intake and better appetite generally exhibit greater survival. In the contemporary three-stream proportioning system of hemodialysis treatment, the bicarbonate concentrate is separate from the acid concentrate, and the contribution of the acid concentrate organic acid (acetate, citrate or diacetate) to the delivered bicarbonate pool of the patient is negligible. The concept of 'total buffer' that assumes that the combination of bicarbonate and acetate concentrations in the dialysate are added equally as bicarbonate equivalents is likely wrong and based on the misleading notion that the acetate of the acid concentrate is fully metabolized to bicarbonate in the dialysate. Given these uncertainties it is prudent to avoid excessively high or low bicarbonate levels in dialysis patients. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved.

Marketing Higher Education to New Students. ERIC Higher Education Research Currents.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trivett, David A.

The enrollment growth in higher education is slowing down. While the decline can be viewed as part of a long-term growth cycle, institutions still need to find students. Institutions may find students by expanding their educational mission, by ascertaining the instructional needs of a variety of students, and by offering the appropriate services…

Hamiltonian analysis of higher derivative scalar-tensor theories

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Langlois, David; Noui, Karim, E-mail: langlois@apc.univ-paris7.fr, E-mail: karim.noui@lmpt.univ-tours.fr

2016-07-01

We perform a Hamiltonian analysis of a large class of scalar-tensor Lagrangians which depend quadratically on the second derivatives of a scalar field. By resorting to a convenient choice of dynamical variables, we show that the Hamiltonian can be written in a very simple form, where the Hamiltonian and the momentum constraints are easily identified. In the case of degenerate Lagrangians, which include the Horndeski and beyond Horndeski quartic Lagrangians, our analysis confirms that the dimension of the physical phase space is reduced by the primary and secondary constraints due to the degeneracy, thus leading to the elimination of themore » dangerous Ostrogradsky ghost. We also present the Hamiltonian formulation for nondegenerate theories and find that they contain four degrees of freedom, including a ghost, as expected. We finally discuss the status of the unitary gauge from the Hamiltonian perspective.« less

Perturbative reduction of derivative order in EFT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glavan, Dražen

2018-02-01

Higher derivative corrections are ubiquitous in effective field theories, which seemingly introduces new degrees of freedom at successive orders. This is actually an artefact of the implicit local derivative expansion defining effective field theories. We argue that higher derivative corrections that introduce additional degrees of freedom should be removed and their effects captured either by lower derivative corrections, or special combinations of higher derivative corrections not propagating extra degrees of freedom. Three methods adapted for this task are examined and field redefinitions are found to be most appropriate. First order higher derivative corrections in a scalar tensor theory are removed by field redefinition and it is found that their effects are captured by a subset of Horndeski theories. A case is made for restricting the effective field theory expansions in principle to only terms not introducing additional degrees of freedom.

Viewing Sexually-Explicit Materials Alone or Together: Associations with Relationship Quality

PubMed Central

Maddox, Amanda M.; Rhoades, Galena K.; Markman, Howard J.

2010-01-01

This study investigated associations between viewing sexually-explicit material (SEM) and relationship functioning in a random sample of 1291 unmarried individuals in romantic relationships. More men (76.8%) than women (31.6%) reported that they viewed SEM on their own, but nearly half of both men and women reported sometimes viewing SEM with their partner (44.8%). Measures of communication, relationship adjustment, commitment, sexual satisfaction, and infidelity were examined. Individuals who never viewed SEM reported higher relationship quality on all indices than those who viewed SEM alone. Those who viewed SEM only with their partners reported more dedication and higher sexual satisfaction than those who viewed SEM alone. The only difference between those who never viewed SEM and those who viewed it only with their partners was that those who never viewed it had lower rates of infidelity. Implications for future research in this area as well as for sex therapy and couple therapy are discussed. PMID:20039112

On the three-quarter view advantage of familiar object recognition.

PubMed

Nonose, Kohei; Niimi, Ryosuke; Yokosawa, Kazuhiko

2016-11-01

A three-quarter view, i.e., an oblique view, of familiar objects often leads to a higher subjective goodness rating when compared with other orientations. What is the source of the high goodness for oblique views? First, we confirmed that object recognition performance was also best for oblique views around 30° view, even when the foreshortening disadvantage of front- and side-views was minimized (Experiments 1 and 2). In Experiment 3, we measured subjective ratings of view goodness and two possible determinants of view goodness: familiarity of view, and subjective impression of three-dimensionality. Three-dimensionality was measured as the subjective saliency of visual depth information. The oblique views were rated best, most familiar, and as approximating greatest three-dimensionality on average; however, the cluster analyses showed that the "best" orientation systematically varied among objects. We found three clusters of objects: front-preferred objects, oblique-preferred objects, and side-preferred objects. Interestingly, recognition performance and the three-dimensionality rating were higher for oblique views irrespective of the clusters. It appears that recognition efficiency is not the major source of the three-quarter view advantage. There are multiple determinants and variability among objects. This study suggests that the classical idea that a canonical view has a unique advantage in object perception requires further discussion.

The influence of viewing conditions on radiological diagnosis of periapical inflammation.

PubMed

Patel, N; Rushton, V E; Macfarlane, T V; Horner, K

2000-07-08

To determine the effect of viewing conditions upon diagnosis of early periapical inflammatory pathosis on intra-oral radiographs, and to examine the effect of observer experience upon diagnostic performance in this task. 50 observers examined 18 periapical radiographs using three different viewing conditions (room lighting; viewing box; viewing box with x2 magnification and masking). Their diagnoses were compared with an 'expert' diagnosis provided by repeated viewings of the films by two dental radiologists. Sensitivities and specificities were determined. When 'ideal' viewing conditions were used, optimal sensitivity (78%) and specificity (78%) were obtained. Use of a viewing box was associated with significantly higher specificity than the use of room lighting (P = 0.0016). Use of masking and x2 magnification was associated with significantly higher sensitivity than a viewing box alone (P = 0.004). There were few significant differences in diagnostic performance between observers, but qualified dental staff had significantly higher specificities than 4th year (P = 0.01) and 5th year (P = 0.01) students when a viewing box was used alone. This study on early periapical inflammatory pathosis gives support to guidelines which recommend the use of a viewing box, x2 magnification and masking for interpreting intra-oral radiographs. It also suggests that observer experience may influence interpretation of early periapical pathosis.

Recent advances in gossypol derivatives and analogs: a chemistry and biology view.

PubMed

Lu, Yuzhi; Li, Jun; Dong, Chun-E; Huang, Jian; Zhou, Hai-Bing; Wang, Wei

2017-07-01

Gossypol as a natural occurring polyphenol has been studied in a wide range of therapeutic contexts for a long time. The chemical modifications on gossypol were limited due to the unique chemical properties of polyphenols. The design and synthesis of gossypol derivatives and the exploration of their biological activities are the interest of the synthetic chemists, medicinal chemists and pharmacologists. Thus, the progress of diverse gossypol derivatives and analogs' synthesis, biological activities, mechanism elucidation and drug discovery based on gossypol scaffold is summarized.

Globalization and Higher Education in Southern California: Views from the Professoriate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weldon, Peter A.; Rexhepi, Jevdet; Chang, ChenWei; Jones, Lauren; Layton, Lucas Arribas; Liu, Amy; McKibben, Susan; Misiaszek, Greg; Olmos, Liliana; Quon, Amy; Torres, Carlos Alberto

2011-01-01

In this study, faculty at institutions of higher education in Southern California were surveyed to determine the ways they interpret the effects of globalization dynamics upon their various teaching and research activities. Faculty in the state's three higher education tiers spoke positively about the intellectual benefits to be gained by exposure…

Computing and Higher Education: An Accidental Revolution.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gillespie, Robert G.; Dicaro, Deborah A.

As the applications of computing have expanded, the issues of computing and higher education have enlarged to include questions about the nature of information transfer on campus and the role of higher education in an information society. A broad view of the national issues and opportunities of computing in higher education is presented. A panel…

Ways of Viewing Pictorial Plasticity

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

The plastic effect is historically used to denote various forms of stereopsis. The vivid impression of depth often associated with binocular stereopsis can also be achieved in other ways, for example, using a synopter. Accounts of this go back over a hundred years. These ways of viewing all aim to diminish sensorial evidence that the picture is physically flat. Although various viewing modes have been proposed in the literature, their effects have never been compared. In the current study, we compared three viewing modes: monocular blur, synoptic viewing, and free viewing (using a placebo synopter). By designing a physical embodiment that was indistinguishable for the three experimental conditions, we kept observers naïve with respect to the differences between them; 197 observers participated in an experiment where the three viewing modes were compared by performing a rating task. Results indicate that synoptic viewing causes the largest plastic effect. Monocular blur scores lower than synoptic viewing but is still rated significantly higher than the baseline conditions. The results strengthen the idea that synoptic viewing is not due to a placebo effect. Furthermore, monocular blur has been verified for the first time as a way of experiencing the plastic effect, although the effect is smaller than synoptic viewing. We discuss the results with respect to the theoretical basis for the plastic effect. We show that current theories are not described with sufficient details to explain the differences we found. PMID:28491270

Liberty and Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Dennis F.

1989-01-01

John Stuart Mill's principle of liberty is discussed with the view that it needs to be revised to guide moral judgments in higher education. Three key elements need to be modified: the action that is constrained; the constraint on the action; and the agent whose action is constrained. (MLW)

Direct evidence for microbial-derived soil organic matter formation and its ecophysiological controls

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kallenbach, Cynthia M.; Frey, Serita D.; Grandy, A. Stuart

2016-11-01

Soil organic matter (SOM) and the carbon and nutrients therein drive fundamental submicron- to global-scale biogeochemical processes and influence carbon-climate feedbacks. Consensus is emerging that microbial materials are an important constituent of stable SOM, and new conceptual and quantitative SOM models are rapidly incorporating this view. However, direct evidence demonstrating that microbial residues account for the chemistry, stability and abundance of SOM is still lacking. Further, emerging models emphasize the stabilization of microbial-derived SOM by abiotic mechanisms, while the effects of microbial physiology on microbial residue production remain unclear. Here we provide the first direct evidence that soil microbes produce chemically diverse, stable SOM. We show that SOM accumulation is driven by distinct microbial communities more so than clay mineralogy, where microbial-derived SOM accumulation is greatest in soils with higher fungal abundances and more efficient microbial biomass production.

Direct evidence for microbial-derived soil organic matter formation and its ecophysiological controls.

PubMed

Kallenbach, Cynthia M; Frey, Serita D; Grandy, A Stuart

2016-11-28

Soil organic matter (SOM) and the carbon and nutrients therein drive fundamental submicron- to global-scale biogeochemical processes and influence carbon-climate feedbacks. Consensus is emerging that microbial materials are an important constituent of stable SOM, and new conceptual and quantitative SOM models are rapidly incorporating this view. However, direct evidence demonstrating that microbial residues account for the chemistry, stability and abundance of SOM is still lacking. Further, emerging models emphasize the stabilization of microbial-derived SOM by abiotic mechanisms, while the effects of microbial physiology on microbial residue production remain unclear. Here we provide the first direct evidence that soil microbes produce chemically diverse, stable SOM. We show that SOM accumulation is driven by distinct microbial communities more so than clay mineralogy, where microbial-derived SOM accumulation is greatest in soils with higher fungal abundances and more efficient microbial biomass production.

Sociodemographic and home environment predictors of screen viewing among Spanish school children.

PubMed

Hoyos Cillero, Itziar; Jago, Russell

2011-09-01

Higher screen-viewing levels increase the risk of obesity. Understanding the correlates of screen viewing is an important first step in designing interventions but there is lack of information on the correlates among Spanish children. This study examined associations among environmental, sociocultural, age variables and screen viewing among Spanish children. Children completed a questionnaire about time spent in screen viewing. BMI was assessed and children were classified into obesity groups using International Obesity Task Force cut-off points. Parents completed a questionnaire about sociodemographic, environmental and sociocultural variables. Participants were 247 primary and 256 secondary school-aged children and their parents. Time spent in screen viewing increased with age. Males spent more time than females in screen viewing. Greater access to bedroom media sources was associated with higher screen viewing. Younger children from single-parent households and older children having a younger parent, siblings and a father who was not working were higher screen-viewers on weekends and weekdays, respectively. For older children parental TV viewing time appeared to be a significant correlate, while parental rules was a determinant predictor for younger children on weekdays. Environmental and sociocultural factors influence the time children spend in screen viewing. Parents play a central role in child's screen viewing; therefore, interventions that target environmental and family TV viewing practices are likely to be effective.

Top 10 State Policy Issues for Higher Education in 2009. Policy Matters: A Higher Education Policy Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Association of State Colleges and Universities, 2009

2009-01-01

Presented in this paper are the top 10 issues most likely to affect public higher education across the 50 states in 2009, in the view of the state policy analysis and research staff at American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU). While numerous topics shape state higher education policy, each affecting the issues of…

Atlas of wide-field-of-view outgoing longwave radiation derived from Nimbus 6 Earth radiation budget data set, July 1975 to June 1978

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bess, T. Dale; Smith, G. Louis

1987-01-01

An atlas of monthly mean outgoing longwave radiation global contour maps and associated spherical harmonic coefficients is presented. The atlas contains 36 months of continuous data from July 1975 to June 1978. The data were derived from the first Earth radiation budget experiment, which was flown on the Nimbus-6 Sun-synchronous satellite in 1975. Only the wide-field-of-view longwave measurements are cataloged in this atlas. The contour maps along with the associated sets of spherical harmonic coefficients form a valuable data set for studying different aspects of our changing climate over monthly, annual, and interannual scales in the time domain, and over regional, zonal, and global scales in the spatial domain.

The Strategic Importance of Central Asia: An American View

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

important the- ater in the war on terrorism. Additionally, it is viewed as a theater where America might counter a revived Russia or China, or a place to...blunt any ex- tension of Iranian influence. Moscow and Beijing view the region as a vital locale for defending critical domestic interests. This asymmetry...of interest is a major factor in the competition among states for influence in the region. American Interests Indeed, US interests derive, first of

Teachers' views of using e-learning for non-traditional students in higher education across three disciplines [nursing, chemistry and management] at a time of massification and increased diversity in higher education.

PubMed

Allan, Helen T; O'Driscoll, Mike; Simpson, Vikki; Shawe, Jill

2013-09-01

The expansion of the higher educational sector in the United Kingdom over the last two decades to meet political aspirations of the successive governments and popular demand for participation in the sector (the Widening Participation Agenda) has overlapped with the introduction of e-learning. This paper describes teachers' views of using e-learning for non-traditional students in higher education across three disciplines [nursing, chemistry and management] at a time of massification and increased diversity in higher education. A three phase, mixed methods study; this paper reports findings from phase two of the study. One university in England. Higher education teachers teaching on the nursing, chemistry and management programmes. Focus groups with these teachers. Findings from these data show that teachers across the programmes have limited knowledge of whether students are non-traditional or what category of non-traditional status they might be in. Such knowledge as they have does not seem to influence the tailoring of teaching and learning for non-traditional students. Teachers in chemistry and nursing want more support from the university to improve their use of e-learning, as did teachers in management but to a lesser extent. Our conclusions confirm other studies in the field outside nursing which suggest that non-traditional students' learning needs have not been considered meaningfully in the development of e-learning strategies in universities. We suggest that this may be because teachers have been required to develop e-learning at the same time as they cope with the massification of, and widening participation in, higher education. The findings are of particular importance to nurse educators given the high number of non-traditional students on nursing programmes. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Outsourcing of Classroom Instruction in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schibik, Timothy; Harrington, Charles

2004-01-01

Many constituencies external to higher education have begun promoting greater accountability. This view advocates a closer focus on the bottom line and that universities should utilise a more business-like model. One major outgrowth of this paradigm shift has been the seemingly recent emergence of outsourcing in higher education. Higher education…

Deriving an Abstraction Network to Support Quality Assurance in OCRe

PubMed Central

Ochs, Christopher; Agrawal, Ankur; Perl, Yehoshua; Halper, Michael; Tu, Samson W.; Carini, Simona; Sim, Ida; Noy, Natasha; Musen, Mark; Geller, James

2012-01-01

An abstraction network is an auxiliary network of nodes and links that provides a compact, high-level view of an ontology. Such a view lends support to ontology orientation, comprehension, and quality-assurance efforts. A methodology is presented for deriving a kind of abstraction network, called a partial-area taxonomy, for the Ontology of Clinical Research (OCRe). OCRe was selected as a representative of ontologies implemented using the Web Ontology Language (OWL) based on shared domains. The derivation of the partial-area taxonomy for the Entity hierarchy of OCRe is described. Utilizing the visualization of the content and structure of the hierarchy provided by the taxonomy, the Entity hierarchy is audited, and several errors and inconsistencies in OCRe’s modeling of its domain are exposed. After appropriate corrections are made to OCRe, a new partial-area taxonomy is derived. The generalizability of the paradigm of the derivation methodology to various families of biomedical ontologies is discussed. PMID:23304341

Simulation studies of wide and medium field of view earth radiation data analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Green, R. N.

1978-01-01

A parameter estimation technique is presented to estimate the radiative flux distribution over the earth from radiometer measurements at satellite altitude. The technique analyzes measurements from a wide field of view (WFOV), horizon to horizon, nadir pointing sensor with a mathematical technique to derive the radiative flux estimates at the top of the atmosphere for resolution elements smaller than the sensor field of view. A computer simulation of the data analysis technique is presented for both earth-emitted and reflected radiation. Zonal resolutions are considered as well as the global integration of plane flux. An estimate of the equator-to-pole gradient is obtained from the zonal estimates. Sensitivity studies of the derived flux distribution to directional model errors are also presented. In addition to the WFOV results, medium field of view results are presented.

Quality in Higher Education: United Arab Emirates Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Soomro, Tariq Rahim; Ahmad, Reyaz

2012-01-01

Quality in higher education is the major concern among researchers. Managing quality in higher education in a multicultural population with different approaches is not only challenging but an uphill task. This paper will focus on quality concern in higher education keeping in view, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) perspectives. A model to maintain…

Direct evidence for microbial-derived soil organic matter formation and its ecophysiological controls

DOE PAGES

Kallenbach, Cynthia M.; Frey, Serita D.; Grandy, A. Stuart

2016-11-28

Soil organic matter (SOM) and the carbon and nutrients therein drive fundamental submicron- to global-scale biogeochemical processes and influence carbon-climate feedbacks. Consensus is emerging that microbial materials are an important constituent of stable SOM, and new conceptual and quantitative SOM models are rapidly incorporating this view. However, direct evidence demonstrating that microbial residues account for the chemistry, stability and abundance of SOM is still lacking. Further, emerging models emphasize the stabilization of microbial-derived SOM by abiotic mechanisms, while the effects of microbial physiology on microbial residue production remain unclear. Here we provide the first direct evidence that soil microbes producemore » chemically diverse, stable SOM. As a result, we show that SOM accumulation is driven by distinct microbial communities more so than clay mineralogy, where microbial-derived SOM accumulation is greatest in soils with higher fungal abundances and more efficient microbial biomass production.« less

Direct evidence for microbial-derived soil organic matter formation and its ecophysiological controls

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kallenbach, Cynthia M.; Frey, Serita D.; Grandy, A. Stuart

Soil organic matter (SOM) and the carbon and nutrients therein drive fundamental submicron- to global-scale biogeochemical processes and influence carbon-climate feedbacks. Consensus is emerging that microbial materials are an important constituent of stable SOM, and new conceptual and quantitative SOM models are rapidly incorporating this view. However, direct evidence demonstrating that microbial residues account for the chemistry, stability and abundance of SOM is still lacking. Further, emerging models emphasize the stabilization of microbial-derived SOM by abiotic mechanisms, while the effects of microbial physiology on microbial residue production remain unclear. Here we provide the first direct evidence that soil microbes producemore » chemically diverse, stable SOM. As a result, we show that SOM accumulation is driven by distinct microbial communities more so than clay mineralogy, where microbial-derived SOM accumulation is greatest in soils with higher fungal abundances and more efficient microbial biomass production.« less

Ghost-Free Theory with Third-Order Time Derivatives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Motohashi, Hayato; Suyama, Teruaki; Yamaguchi, Masahide

2018-06-01

As the first step to extend our understanding of higher-derivative theories, within the framework of analytic mechanics of point particles, we construct a ghost-free theory involving third-order time derivatives in Lagrangian. While eliminating linear momentum terms in the Hamiltonian is necessary and sufficient to kill the ghosts associated with higher derivatives for Lagrangian with at most second-order derivatives, we find that this is necessary but not sufficient for the Lagrangian with higher than second-order derivatives. We clarify a set of ghost-free conditions under which we show that the Hamiltonian is bounded, and that equations of motion are reducible into a second-order system.

Concerns of Quality and Safety in Public Domain Surgical Education Videos: An Assessment of the Critical View of Safety in Frequently Used Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Videos.

PubMed

Deal, Shanley B; Alseidi, Adnan A

2017-12-01

Online videos are among the most common resources for case preparation. Using crowd sourcing, we evaluated the relationship between operative quality and viewing characteristics of online laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos. We edited 160 online videos of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to 60 seconds or less. Crowd workers (CW) rated videos using Global Objective Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS), the critical view of safety (CVS) criteria, and assigned overall pass/fail ratings if CVS was achieved; linear mixed effects models derived average ratings. Views, likes, dislikes, subscribers, and country were recorded for subset analysis of YouTube videos. Spearman correlation coefficient (SCC) assessed correlation between performance measures. One video (0.06%) achieved a passing CVS score of ≥5; 23%, ≥4; 44%, ≥3; 79%, ≥2; and 100% ≥1. Pass/fail ratings correlated to CVS, SCC 0.95 (p < 0.001) and to GOALS, SCC 0.79 (p < 0.001). YouTube videos (n = 139) with higher views, likes, or subscribers did not correlate with better quality. The average CVS and GOALS scores were no different for videos with >20,000 views (22%) compared with those with <20,000 (78%). There is an incredibly low frequency of CVS and average GOALS technical performance in frequently used online surgical videos of LC. Favorable characteristics, such as number of views or likes, do not translate to higher quality. Copyright © 2017 American College of Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Classroom Diversification: A Strategic View of Educational Productivity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lopez, Omar S.

2007-01-01

This article advances a theory of educational productivity based on a paradigm of classroom diversification that defines a strategic view of the education production process. The paradigm's underlying premise is that classroom student performance, and the instructional interactions that produce such outcomes, depend on economies derived from the…

Scholarly Activities in Hospitality and Tourism Higher Education among Private Higher Institutions in Australia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goh, Edmund

2013-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to explore the notion of scholarship and develop research and scholarship strategies among Private Higher Institutions delivering Tourism and Hospitality degree programs in Australia. In doing so, this paper confronts the traditional view of research publications as the only form of scholarship by traditional…

Neighboring block based disparity vector derivation for multiview compatible 3D-AVC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kang, Jewon; Chen, Ying; Zhang, Li; Zhao, Xin; Karczewicz, Marta

2013-09-01

3D-AVC being developed under Joint Collaborative Team on 3D Video Coding (JCT-3V) significantly outperforms the Multiview Video Coding plus Depth (MVC+D) which simultaneously encodes texture views and depth views with the multiview extension of H.264/AVC (MVC). However, when the 3D-AVC is configured to support multiview compatibility in which texture views are decoded without depth information, the coding performance becomes significantly degraded. The reason is that advanced coding tools incorporated into the 3D-AVC do not perform well due to the lack of a disparity vector converted from the depth information. In this paper, we propose a disparity vector derivation method utilizing only the information of texture views. Motion information of neighboring blocks is used to determine a disparity vector for a macroblock, so that the derived disparity vector is efficiently used for the coding tools in 3D-AVC. The proposed method significantly improves a coding gain of the 3D-AVC in the multiview compatible mode about 20% BD-rate saving in the coded views and 26% BD-rate saving in the synthesized views on average.

iPSC-derived neurons as a higher-throughput readout for autism: Promises and pitfalls

PubMed Central

Prilutsky, Daria; Palmer, Nathan P.; Smedemark-Margulies, Niklas; Schlaeger, Thorsten M.; Margulies, David M.; Kohane, Isaac S.

2014-01-01

The elucidation of disease etiologies and establishment of robust, scalable, high-throughput screening assays for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been impeded by both inaccessibility of disease-relevant neuronal tissue and the genetic heterogeneity of the disorder. Neuronal cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from autism patients may circumvent these obstacles and serve as relevant cell models. To date, derived cells are characterized and screened by assessing their neuronal phenotypes. These characterizations are often etiology-specific or lack reproducibility and stability. In this manuscript, we present an overview of efforts to study iPSC-derived neurons as a model for autism, and we explore the plausibility of gene expression profiling as a reproducible and stable disease marker. PMID:24374161

The effects of viewing pro-eating disorder websites: a systematic review.

PubMed

Talbot, T Sloper

2010-12-01

To determine health-related effects of viewing pro-eating disorder (Pro-ED) websites. A systematic review was carried out addressing: 1. The effect of viewing pro-ED websites on eating disorder behaviour 2. The effect of viewing pro-ED websites on viewers' negative and positive affect. Seven studies were included. Pro-ED viewers compared with controls showed higher levels of dieting and exercise (3 studies, 2 suggesting causation); higher levels of drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction and perfectionism (2 studies, both associative); a reduced likelihood of binging/purging (one study); increased negative affect (two studies); and a positive correlation between viewing pro-ED websites, disease duration and hospitalisations (one study). Viewing pro-ED websites may increase eating disorder behaviour but might not cause it. It may cause increased negative affect after a single short website exposure. For those with eating disorders, viewing is positively correlated with disease duration and hospitalisations. Professionals should be aware of these sites and their potential damage for health.

UK Higher Education Viewed through the Marketization and Marketing Lenses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nedbalová, Eva; Greenacre, Luke; Schulz, John

2014-01-01

This paper uses the Economic Market mechanisms and the 4P Marketing Mix as lenses to review the context of UK higher education (HE) and to explore the relationship between the market and marketing disciplines and practice. Four Economic Market mechanisms--autonomy, competition, price and information--are contrasted with the four Ps of marketing:…

Disability in Higher Education: A Social Justice Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evans, Nancy J.; Broido, Ellen M.; Brown, Kirsten R.; Wilke, Autumn K.

2017-01-01

"Disability in Higher Education: A Social Justice Approach" examines how disability is conceptualized in higher education and ways in which students, faculty, and staff with disabilities are viewed and served on college campuses. Drawing on multiple theoretical frameworks, research, and experience creating inclusive campuses, this text…

Managing the System of Higher Education: Competition or Collaboration?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maguad, Ben A.

2018-01-01

The systems view of quality postulates that product or service quality comes as the result of interactions between various components that comprise a production process. In view of this, most problems in the organization, like an institution of higher education, can be attributed to the system. To be effective, any quality improvement initiative…

Developing an Instrument to Assess Higher Education Leadership.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Montez, Joni

An instrument was developed to assess the construct of higher education leadership from discrete innate (possessed) and extrinsic (directed toward others) points of view. Dimensions of the latent construct of higher education leadership were identified, and their content and the relationships between their indicators were "mapped" according to the…

View angle dependence of cloud optical thicknesses retrieved by MODIS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marshak, Alexander; Varnai, Tamas

2005-01-01

This study examines whether cloud inhomogeneity influences the view angle dependence of MODIS cloud optical thickness (tau) retrieval results. The degree of cloud inhomogeneity is characterized through the local gradient in 11 microns brightness temperature. The analysis of liquid phase clouds in a one year long global dataset of Collection 4 MODIS data reveals that while optical thickness retrievals give remarkably consistent results for all view directions if clouds are homogeneous, they give much higher tau-values for oblique views than for overhead views if clouds are inhomogeneous and the sun is fairly oblique. For solar zenith angles larger than 55deg, the mean optical thickness retrieved for the most inhomogeneous third of cloudy pixels is more than 30% higher for oblique views than for overhead views. After considering a variety of possible scenarios, the paper concludes that the most likely reason for the increase lies in three-dimensional radiative interactions that are not considered in current, one-dimensional retrieval algorithms. Namely, the radiative effect of cloud sides viewed at oblique angles seems to contribute most to the enhanced tau-values. The results presented here will help understand cloud retrieval uncertainties related to cloud inhomogeneity. They complement the uncertainty estimates that will start accompanying MODIS cloud products in Collection 5 and may eventually help correct for the observed view angle dependent biases.

Exploring Higher Thinking.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conover, Willis M.

1992-01-01

Maintains that the social studies reform movement includes a call for the de-emphasis of rote memory and more attention to the development of higher-order thinking skills. Discusses the "thinking tasks" concept derived from the work of Hilda Taba and asserts that the tasks can be used with almost any social studies topic. (CFR)

Chemical and molecular aspects on interactions of galanthamine and its derivatives with cholinesterases.

PubMed

Gulcan, Hayrettin O; Orhan, Ilkay E; Sener, Bilge

2015-01-01

Dual action of galanthamine as potent cholinesterase inhibitor and nicotinic modulator has attracted a great attention to be used in the treatment of AD. Consequently, galanthamine, a natural alkaloid isolated from a Galanthus species (snowdrop, Amaryllidaceae), has become an attractive model compound for synthesis of its novel derivatives to discover new drug candidates. Numerous studies have been done to elucidate interactions between galanthamine and its different derivatives and the enzymes; acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) using in vitro and in silico experimental models. The in vitro studies revealed that galanthamine inhibits AChE in strong, competitive, long-acting, and reversible manner as well as BChE, although its selectivity towards AChE is much higher than BChE. The in silico studies carried out by employing molecular docking experiments as well as molecular dynamics simulations pointed out to existence of strong interactions of galanthamine with the active gorge of AChE, mostly of Torpedo californica (the Pasific electric ray) origin. In this review, we evaluate the mainstays of cholinesterase inhibitory action of galanthamine and its various derivatives from the point of view of chemical and molecular aspects.

Simple locking of infrared and ultraviolet diode lasers to a visible laser using a LabVIEW proportional-integral-derivative controller on a Fabry-Perot signal.

PubMed

Kwolek, J M; Wells, J E; Goodman, D S; Smith, W W

2016-05-01

Simultaneous laser locking of infrared (IR) and ultraviolet lasers to a visible stabilized reference laser is demonstrated via a Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity. LabVIEW is used to analyze the input, and an internal proportional-integral-derivative algorithm converts the FP signal to an analog locking feedback signal. The locking program stabilized both lasers to a long term stability of better than 9 MHz, with a custom-built IR laser undergoing significant improvement in frequency stabilization. The results of this study demonstrate the viability of a simple, computer-controlled, non-temperature-stabilized FP locking scheme for our applications, laser cooling of Ca(+) ions, and its use in other applications with similar modest frequency stabilization requirements.

Filter Function for Wavefront Sensing Over a Field of View

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dean, Bruce H.

2007-01-01

A filter function has been derived as a means of optimally weighting the wavefront estimates obtained in image-based phase retrieval performed at multiple points distributed over the field of view of a telescope or other optical system. When the data obtained in wavefront sensing and, more specifically, image-based phase retrieval, are used for controlling the shape of a deformable mirror or other optic used to correct the wavefront, the control law obtained by use of the filter function gives a more balanced optical performance over the field of view than does a wavefront-control law obtained by use of a wavefront estimate obtained from a single point in the field of view.

Co-Creating Curriculum in Higher Education: Promoting Democratic Values and a Multidimensional View on Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bergmark, Ulrika; Westman, Susanne

2016-01-01

This paper discusses a case study in teacher education in Sweden, focusing on creating spaces for student engagement through co-creating curriculum. It highlights democratic values and a multidimensional learning view as underpinning such endeavors. The main findings are that co-creating curriculum is an ambiguous process entailing unpredictable,…

Television-viewing time and dietary quality among U.S. children and adults.

PubMed

Sisson, Susan B; Shay, Christina M; Broyles, Stephanie T; Leyva, Misti

2012-08-01

Greater TV-viewing time is generally associated with unhealthy dietary behaviors; however, few studies have examined associations between TV-viewing time and composite measures of dietary quality. Most studies have focused on energy intake or intake of specific foods. But overall dietary quality is important to health and weight status. To examine the relationship between TV-viewing time and dietary quality using a nationally representative U.S. sample. Participants in the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were included (analyses conducted in Fall 2011). Dietary quality was determined by Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2005 calculated from two 24-hour recalls. TV-viewing time was categorized as lower (≤1 hour/day); moderate (2-3 hours/day); and higher (≥4 hours/day; referent). Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the TV-viewing time and HEI-2005, adjusted for BMI (percentile for children aged 2-18 years); age; ethnicity; physical activity; and total energy intake. Analyses were conducted separately for gender-age groups (preschool=aged 2-5 years [n=1423]; school-aged=6-11 years [n=1749], adolescent=aged 12-18 years [n=3343], and adult=aged ≥19 years [n=8222]). Lower TV-viewing time was associated with higher HEI-2005 (i.e., healthier diet) for all gender and age groups. Compared with higher TV-viewing time, in each case, HEI-2005 was higher in groups with low TV-viewing time, ranging from 47.0-52.3 in ≤1 hour/day to 44.7-48.9 in ≥4 hours/day (all p<0.05). Less time spent watching TV was associated with better dietary quality in U.S. children and adults. Copyright © 2012 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Higher Education as a Pedagogical Site for Citizenship Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davids, Nuraan; Waghid, Yusef

2016-01-01

That the issue of violence sits uneasily on the conscience of higher education is evident in the view that educated people are as likely as uneducated people to participate in violence. The concern of conscience is equally prevalent in the view that the public role of the university is "the responsibility of a community of thinking".…

Assessing species distribution using Google Street View: a pilot study with the Pine Processionary Moth.

PubMed

Rousselet, Jérôme; Imbert, Charles-Edouard; Dekri, Anissa; Garcia, Jacques; Goussard, Francis; Vincent, Bruno; Denux, Olivier; Robinet, Christelle; Dorkeld, Franck; Roques, Alain; Rossi, Jean-Pierre

2013-01-01

Mapping species spatial distribution using spatial inference and prediction requires a lot of data. Occurrence data are generally not easily available from the literature and are very time-consuming to collect in the field. For that reason, we designed a survey to explore to which extent large-scale databases such as Google maps and Google Street View could be used to derive valid occurrence data. We worked with the Pine Processionary Moth (PPM) Thaumetopoea pityocampa because the larvae of that moth build silk nests that are easily visible. The presence of the species at one location can therefore be inferred from visual records derived from the panoramic views available from Google Street View. We designed a standardized procedure allowing evaluating the presence of the PPM on a sampling grid covering the landscape under study. The outputs were compared to field data. We investigated two landscapes using grids of different extent and mesh size. Data derived from Google Street View were highly similar to field data in the large-scale analysis based on a square grid with a mesh of 16 km (96% of matching records). Using a 2 km mesh size led to a strong divergence between field and Google-derived data (46% of matching records). We conclude that Google database might provide useful occurrence data for mapping the distribution of species which presence can be visually evaluated such as the PPM. However, the accuracy of the output strongly depends on the spatial scales considered and on the sampling grid used. Other factors such as the coverage of Google Street View network with regards to sampling grid size and the spatial distribution of host trees with regards to road network may also be determinant.

Assessing Species Distribution Using Google Street View: A Pilot Study with the Pine Processionary Moth

PubMed Central

Dekri, Anissa; Garcia, Jacques; Goussard, Francis; Vincent, Bruno; Denux, Olivier; Robinet, Christelle; Dorkeld, Franck; Roques, Alain; Rossi, Jean-Pierre

2013-01-01

Mapping species spatial distribution using spatial inference and prediction requires a lot of data. Occurrence data are generally not easily available from the literature and are very time-consuming to collect in the field. For that reason, we designed a survey to explore to which extent large-scale databases such as Google maps and Google street view could be used to derive valid occurrence data. We worked with the Pine Processionary Moth (PPM) Thaumetopoea pityocampa because the larvae of that moth build silk nests that are easily visible. The presence of the species at one location can therefore be inferred from visual records derived from the panoramic views available from Google street view. We designed a standardized procedure allowing evaluating the presence of the PPM on a sampling grid covering the landscape under study. The outputs were compared to field data. We investigated two landscapes using grids of different extent and mesh size. Data derived from Google street view were highly similar to field data in the large-scale analysis based on a square grid with a mesh of 16 km (96% of matching records). Using a 2 km mesh size led to a strong divergence between field and Google-derived data (46% of matching records). We conclude that Google database might provide useful occurrence data for mapping the distribution of species which presence can be visually evaluated such as the PPM. However, the accuracy of the output strongly depends on the spatial scales considered and on the sampling grid used. Other factors such as the coverage of Google street view network with regards to sampling grid size and the spatial distribution of host trees with regards to road network may also be determinant. PMID:24130675

Stability and Hamiltonian formulation of higher derivative theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmidt, Hans-Jürgen

1994-06-01

We analyze the presuppositions leading to instabilities in theories of order higher than second. The type of fourth-order gravity which leads to an inflationary (quasi-de Sitter) period of cosmic evolution by inclusion of one curvature-squared term (i.e., the Starobinsky model) is used as an example. The corresponding Hamiltonian formulation (which is necessary for deducing the Wheeler-DeWitt equation) is found both in the Ostrogradski approach and in another form. As an example, a closed form solution of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation for a spatially flat Friedmann model and L=R2 is found. The method proposed by Simon to bring fourth order gravity to second order can be (if suitably generalized) applied to bring sixth-order gravity to second order.

Cracking The Climate Change Conundrum With Derivatives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Annan, J.

2016-12-01

There is a long history of scientific wagers being used to demonstrate and test confidence in uncertain outcomes, with the Hawking-Thorne black hole bet and Simon-Ehrlich commodity wager being well-known examples. Perhaps the largest such bet in climate science is the author's $10,000 wager on ongoing warming up to 2017. Such bets are commonly interpreted as personal Bayesian probabilities of the people involved. A broadening of these single bets, into betting markets, would allow for aggregation of views and so find the consensus view across a larger group. A further natural extension of this idea would be to develop financial instruments such as derivatives, which are essentially bets designed to facilitate hedging of risks associated with climate change. In this presentation, I will discuss how such derivatives could protect those vulnerable to climate change by allowing risks to be transferred.As an additional benefit, these climate-based derivatives could create both a mechanism and an incentive for carbon emitters to help finance new technologies and industries that will reduce carbon emissions in the future. These financial instruments would also dynamically incorporate any new information concerning climate change and, in effect, generate probabilities associated with a variety of climate change scenarios.

Evolution viewed from physics, physiology and medicine.

PubMed

Noble, Denis

2017-10-06

Stochasticity is harnessed by organisms to generate functionality. Randomness does not, therefore, necessarily imply lack of function or 'blind chance' at higher levels. In this respect, biology must resemble physics in generating order from disorder. This fact is contrary to Schrödinger's idea of biology generating phenotypic order from molecular- level order, which inspired the central dogma of molecular biology. The order originates at higher levels, which constrain the components at lower levels. We now know that this includes the genome, which is controlled by patterns of transcription factors and various epigenetic and reorganization mechanisms. These processes can occur in response to environmental stress, so that the genome becomes 'a highly sensitive organ of the cell' (McClintock). Organisms have evolved to be able to cope with many variations at the molecular level. Organisms also make use of physical processes in evolution and development when it is possible to arrive at functional development without the necessity to store all information in DNA sequences. This view of development and evolution differs radically from that of neo-Darwinism with its emphasis on blind chance as the origin of variation. Blind chance is necessary, but the origin of functional variation is not at the molecular level. These observations derive from and reinforce the principle of biological relativity, which holds that there is no privileged level of causation. They also have important implications for medical science.

Rethinking Higher Education Capital Finance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

King, George A.

1988-01-01

Capital finance in institutions of higher education is analyzed in light of changes in the Tax Reform Act of 1986 affecting the ability of institutions to finance capital projects and the likelihood of changes in the government's view of tax-exempt financing. The options for colleges and universities are analyzed in the following areas: (1)…

Education Pays, 2010: The Benefits of Higher Education for Individuals and Society. Trends in Higher Education Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baum, Sandy; Ma, Jennifer; Payea, Kathleen

2010-01-01

Students who attend institutions of higher education obtain a wide range of personal, financial, and other lifelong benefits; likewise, taxpayers and society as a whole derive a multitude of direct and indirect benefits when citizens have access to postsecondary education. Accordingly, uneven rates of participation in higher education across…

Postgraduate Outcomes in American Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coughlin, Mary Ann; Laguilles, Jerold S.; Kelly, Heather A.; Walters, Allison M.

2016-01-01

This chapter provides a big-picture view of the postgraduate outcomes landscape. In an effort to promote understanding and to communicate the value of a higher education credential to various stakeholders, five national efforts are described, each of which provides a different perspective for defining, measuring, and collecting postgraduate…

Higher Education Management. The Key Elements.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Warner, David, Ed.; Palfreyman, David, Ed.

This book presents the views of 15 individual authors on the principles of management in higher education from a British perspective. Preliminary material includes brief biographical sketches of each contributing author and a list of selected abbreviations. Individual chapters are: (1) "Setting the Scene" (David Palfreyman and David…

Wide field of view common-path lateral-shearing digital holographic interference microscope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vora, Priyanka; Trivedi, Vismay; Mahajan, Swapnil; Patel, Nimit; Joglekar, Mugdha; Chhaniwal, Vani; Moradi, Ali-Reza; Javidi, Bahram; Anand, Arun

2017-12-01

Quantitative three-dimensional (3-D) imaging of living cells provides important information about the cell morphology and its time variation. Off-axis, digital holographic interference microscopy is an ideal tool for 3-D imaging, parameter extraction, and classification of living cells. Two-beam digital holographic microscopes, which are usually employed, provide high-quality 3-D images of micro-objects, albeit with lower temporal stability. Common-path digital holographic geometries, in which the reference beam is derived from the object beam, provide higher temporal stability along with high-quality 3-D images. Self-referencing geometry is the simplest of the common-path techniques, in which a portion of the object beam itself acts as the reference, leading to compact setups using fewer optical elements. However, it has reduced field of view, and the reference may contain object information. Here, we describe the development of a common-path digital holographic microscope, employing a shearing plate and converting one of the beams into a separate reference by employing a pin-hole. The setup is as compact as self-referencing geometry, while providing field of view as wide as that of a two-beam microscope. The microscope is tested by imaging and quantifying the morphology and dynamics of human erythrocytes.

Wide field of view common-path lateral-shearing digital holographic interference microscope.

PubMed

Vora, Priyanka; Trivedi, Vismay; Mahajan, Swapnil; Patel, Nimit; Joglekar, Mugdha; Chhaniwal, Vani; Moradi, Ali-Reza; Javidi, Bahram; Anand, Arun

2017-12-01

Quantitative three-dimensional (3-D) imaging of living cells provides important information about the cell morphology and its time variation. Off-axis, digital holographic interference microscopy is an ideal tool for 3-D imaging, parameter extraction, and classification of living cells. Two-beam digital holographic microscopes, which are usually employed, provide high-quality 3-D images of micro-objects, albeit with lower temporal stability. Common-path digital holographic geometries, in which the reference beam is derived from the object beam, provide higher temporal stability along with high-quality 3-D images. Self-referencing geometry is the simplest of the common-path techniques, in which a portion of the object beam itself acts as the reference, leading to compact setups using fewer optical elements. However, it has reduced field of view, and the reference may contain object information. Here, we describe the development of a common-path digital holographic microscope, employing a shearing plate and converting one of the beams into a separate reference by employing a pin-hole. The setup is as compact as self-referencing geometry, while providing field of view as wide as that of a two-beam microscope. The microscope is tested by imaging and quantifying the morphology and dynamics of human erythrocytes. (2017) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

View angle effects on relationships between leaf area index in wheat and vegetation indices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, H.; Li, W.; Huang, W.; Niu, Z.

2016-12-01

The effects of plant types and view angles on the canopy-reflected spectrum can not be ignored in the estimation of leaf area index (LAI) using remote sensing vegetation indices. While vegetation indices derived from nadir-viewing remote sensors are insufficient in leaf area index (LAI) estimation because of its misinterpretation of structural characteristecs, vegetation indices derived from multi-angular remote sensors have potential to improve detection of LAI. However, view angle effects on relationships between these indices and LAI for low standing crops (i.e. wheat) has not been fully evaluated and thus limits them to applied for consistent and accurate monitoring of vegetation. View angles effects of two types of winter wheat (wheat 411, erectophile; and wheat 9507, planophile) on relationship between LAI and spectral reflectance are assessed and compared in this study. An evaluation is conducted with in-situ measurements of LAI and bidirectional reflectance in the principal plane from -60° (back-scattering direction ) ot 60° (forward scattering direction) in the growth cycle of winter wheat. A variety of vegetation indices (VIs) published are calculated by BRDF. Additionally, all combinations of the bands are used in order to calculate Normalized difference Spectral Indices (NDSI) and Simple Subtraction Indices (SSI). The performance of the above indices along with raw reflectance and reflectance derivatives on LAI estimation are examined based on a linearity comparison. The results will be helpful in further developing multi-angle remote sensing models for accurate LAI evaluation.

Guiding and Modelling Quality Improvement in Higher Education Institutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Little, Daniel

2015-01-01

The article considers the process of creating quality improvement in higher education institutions from the point of view of current organisational theory and social-science modelling techniques. The author considers the higher education institution as a functioning complex of rules, norms and other organisational features and reviews the social…

The subxiphoid view cannot replace the apical view for transthoracic echocardiographic assessment of hemodynamic status

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Introduction This prospective study aimed to assess whether use of the subxiphoid acoustic window in transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) can be an accurate alternative in the absence of an apical view to assess hemodynamic parameters. Methods This prospective study took place in a teaching hospital medical ICU. Over a 4-month period, TTE was performed in patients admitted for more than 24 hours. Two operators rated the quality of parasternal, apical, and subxiphoid acoustic windows as Excellent, Good, Acceptable, Poor, or No image. In the subpopulation presenting adequate (rated as acceptable or higher) apical and subxiphoid views, we compared the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), the ratio between right and left ventricular end-diastolic areas (RVEDA/LVEDA), the ratio between early and late mitral inflow on pulsed Doppler (E/A ratio), the aortic velocity time integral (Ao VTI), and the ratio between early mitral inflow and displacement of the mitral annulus on tissue Doppler imaging (E/Ea ratio). Results An adequate apical view was obtained in 80%, and an adequate subxiphoid view was obtained in 63% of the 107 patients included. Only 5% of patients presented an adequate subxiphoid view without an adequate apical view. In the subpopulation of patients with adequate apical and subxiphoid windows (n = 65), LVEF, E/A, and RVEDA/LVEDA were comparable on both views, and were strongly correlated (r > 0.80) with acceptable biases and precision. However, the Ao VTI and the E/Ea ratio were lower on the subxiphoid view than on the apical view (18 ± 5 versus 16 ± 5 cm and 9.6 ± 4.6 versus 7.6 ± 4 cm, respectively, P = 0.001 for both). Conclusions An adequate TTE subxiphoid window was obtained in fewer than two thirds of ICU patients. In addition to the classic indication for the subxiphoid window to study the vena cava and pericardium, this view can be used to study right and left ventricular morphology and function, but does not provide accurate hemodynamic

Mentoring into Higher Education: A Useful Addition to the Landscape of Widening Access to Higher Education?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Alistair; Hunter, Katie; Spohrer, Konstanze; Bruner, Richard; Beasley, Anna

2014-01-01

Alan Milburn, the Chair of the Government's Social Mobility and Child Poverty Commission recently highlighted the role of education in progressing social mobility in Scotland; "In my view it's a grave social injustice that only one in forty pupils from Scotland's most deprived households…got three As in their Highers in 2011, compared to one…

Irreversibility and higher-spin conformal field theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anselmi, Damiano

2000-08-01

I discuss the properties of the central charges c and a for higher-derivative and higher-spin theories (spin 2 included). Ordinary gravity does not admit a straightforward identification of c and a in the trace anomaly, because it is not conformal. On the other hand, higher-derivative theories can be conformal, but have negative c and a. A third possibility is to consider higher-spin conformal field theories. They are not unitary, but have a variety of interesting properties. Bosonic conformal tensors have a positive-definite action, equal to the square of a field strength, and a higher-derivative gauge invariance. There exists a conserved spin-2 current (not the canonical stress tensor) defining positive central charges c and a. I calculate the values of c and a and study the operator-product structure. Higher-spin conformal spinors have no gauge invariance, admit a standard definition of c and a and can be coupled to Abelian and non-Abelian gauge fields in a renormalizable way. At the quantum level, they contribute to the one-loop beta function with the same sign as ordinary matter, admit a conformal window and non-trivial interacting fixed points. There are composite operators of high spin and low dimension, which violate the Ferrara-Gatto-Grillo theorem. Finally, other theories, such as conformal antisymmetric tensors, exhibit more severe internal problems. This research is motivated by the idea that fundamental quantum field theories should be renormalization-group (RG) interpolations between ultraviolet and infrared conformal fixed points, and quantum irreversibility should be a general principle of nature.

Michigan's "Higher-Education Mall" Viewed as a Model for Other Communities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cage, Mary Crystal

1990-01-01

An innovative, cooperative Michigan program involves a higher education center built by the community in which 5 4-year institutions within the state offer a total of 11 degree programs. Most students will be able to complete studies without setting foot on a 4-year college campus. (MSE)

Derivation of Electronic Course Templates for Use in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, Robin K.; Fresen, Jill W.; Geng, Fawei

2012-01-01

Lecturers in higher education often consider the incorporation of web technologies into their teaching practice. Partially structured and populated course site templates could aid them in getting started with creating and deploying web-based materials and activities to enrich the teaching and learning experience. Discussions among instructional…

Over Invested and over Priced: American Higher Education Today

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vedder, Richard

2007-01-01

The prevailing view among leaders in the university community is that America is not investing enough in higher education. A recent survey of the American economy by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) echoed that concern. After all, college graduates are dramatically more productive than those without higher education…

A Thematic Review of Blended Learning in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pima, John Marco; Odetayo, Michael; Iqbal, Rahat; Sedoyeka, Eliamani

2018-01-01

This article reviews the international literature on blended learning in view of establishing its thematic trends in higher education. The systematic review through PRISMA, sought to answer three research questions: First, how have publications evolved from 2000 to 2016 in blended learning in higher education? Secondly, what themes are frequently…

Engineering acyclic stereocontrol in the alkylation of vinylglycine-derived dianions: asymmetric synthesis of higher alpha-vinyl amino acids.

PubMed

Berkowitz, D B; McFadden, J M; Sloss, M K

2000-05-19

A generalizable synthesis of higher L-alpha-vinyl amino acids is presented. The strategy pursued here involves the introduction of the amino acid side chain via the alkylation of a chiral, vinylglycine-derived dianionic dienolate, bearing the (-)-8-(beta-naphthyl)menthyl (d'Angelo) auxiliary. A model is presented that postulates a favored "exo-entended" conformation for this dienolate, leading to C(alpha)-alkylation at the si face. The model invokes internal amidate chelation to control ester enolate geometry and soft-soft interactions between the polarizable beta-naphthyl ring of the auxiliary and the extended pi-system of the dienolate to shield the re face. Heats of formation for four conformers of this dianion were calculated for their semiempirical optimized geometries (PM3). The results support the notion that in these vinylglycine-derived dianionic dienolates, "exo" conformations are considerable lower in energy than their "endo" counterparts, with the "exo-entended" conformation being most favorable. In fact, the d'Angelo auxiliary gives a greater degree of acyclic stereocontrol in this system when compared with the (-)-8-phenylmenthyl (Corey) and trans-2-(beta-naphthyl)cyclohexyl auxiliaries, using isobutyl iodide and benzyl bromide as model electrophiles. These dianions are generated from the corresponding dehydrobutyrine esters via sequential deprotonation with LDA and n-BuLi (2 equiv). When alkylations are carried out at -78 degrees C in THF-HMPA, they proceed in 65-81% yields, with both regiocontrol (deconjugative alpha-alkylation is preferred over gamma-alkylation) and a great degree of acyclic stereocontrol [91:9 to >/=98:2 diastereomeric ratios (10 examples)]. The auxiliary may be recovered in high yield (generally 90%) using a modification of Gassman's "anhydrous hydroxide" conditions, in which considerably higher temperatures are employed. Among the side chains introduced directly are those of butyrine, leucine, ornithine, phenylalanine, aspartate

Effect of chondrocyte-derived early extracellular matrix on chondrogenesis of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

PubMed

Park, Yong-Beom; Seo, Sinji; Kim, Jin-A; Heo, Jin-Chul; Lim, Young-Cheol; Ha, Chul-Won

2015-06-24

The extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding cells contains a variety of proteins that provide structural support and regulate cellular functions. Previous studies have shown that decellularized ECM isolated from tissues or cultured cells can be used to improve cell differentiation in tissue engineering applications. In this study we evaluated the effect of decellularized chondrocyte-derived ECM (CDECM) on the chondrogenesis of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDMSCs) in a pellet culture system. After incubation with or without chondrocyte-derived ECM in chondrogenic medium for 1 or 3 weeks, the sizes and wet masses of the cell pellets were compared with untreated controls (hPDMSCs incubated in chondrogenic medium without chondrocyte-derived ECM). In addition, histologic analysis of the cell pellets (Safranin O and collagen type II staining) and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis of chondrogenic markers (aggrecan, collagen type II, and SOX9) were carried out. Our results showed that the sizes and masses of hPDMSC pellets incubated with chondrocyte-derived ECM were significantly higher than those of untreated controls. Differentiation of hPDMSCs (both with and without chondrocyte-derived ECM) was confirmed by Safranin O and collagen type II staining. Chondrogenic marker expression and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels were significantly higher in hPDMSC pellets incubated with chondrocyte-derived ECM compared with untreated controls, especially in cells precultured with chondrocyte-derived ECM for 7 d. Taken together, these results demonstrate that chondrocyte-derived ECM enhances the chondrogenesis of hPDMSCs, and this effect is further increased by preculture with chondrocyte-derived ECM. This preculture method for hPDMSC chondrogenesis represents a promising approach for cartilage tissue engineering.

Geolocation Accuracy Evaluations of OrbView-3, EROS-A, and SPOT-5 Imagery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bresnahan, Paul

2007-01-01

This viewgraph presentation evaluates absolute geolocation accuracy of OrbView-3, EROS-A, and SPOT-5 by comparing test imagery-derived ground coordinates to Ground Control Points using SOCET set photogrammetric software.

The PRo3D View Planner - interactive simulation of Mars rover camera views to optimise capturing parameters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Traxler, Christoph; Ortner, Thomas; Hesina, Gerd; Barnes, Robert; Gupta, Sanjeev; Paar, Gerhard

2017-04-01

High resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTM) and Digital Outcrop Models (DOM) are highly useful for geological analysis and mission planning in planetary rover missions. PRo3D, developed as part of the EU-FP7 PRoViDE project, is a 3D viewer in which orbital DTMs and DOMs derived from rover stereo imagery can be rendered in a virtual environment for exploration and analysis. It allows fluent navigation over planetary surface models and provides a variety of measurement and annotation tools to complete an extensive geological interpretation. A key aspect of the image collection during planetary rover missions is determining the optimal viewing positions of rover instruments from different positions ('wide baseline stereo'). For the collection of high quality panoramas and stereo imagery the visibility of regions of interest from those positions, and the amount of common features shared by each stereo-pair, or image bundle is crucial. The creation of a highly accurate and reliable 3D surface, in the form of an Ordered Point Cloud (OPC), of the planetary surface, with a low rate of error and a minimum of artefacts, is greatly enhanced by using images that share a high amount of features and a sufficient overlap for wide baseline stereo or target selection. To support users in the selection of adequate viewpoints an interactive View Planner was integrated into PRo3D. The users choose from a set of different rovers and their respective instruments. PRo3D supports for instance the PanCam instrument of ESA's ExoMars 2020 rover mission or the Mastcam-Z camera of NASA's Mars2020 mission. The View Planner uses a DTM obtained from orbiter imagery, which can also be complemented with rover-derived DOMs as the mission progresses. The selected rover is placed onto a position on the terrain - interactively or using the current rover pose as known from the mission. The rover's base polygon and its local coordinate axes, and the chosen instrument's up- and forward vectors are

Proxies for soil organic carbon derived from remote sensing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rasel, S. M. M.; Groen, T. A.; Hussin, Y. A.; Diti, I. J.

2017-07-01

The possibility of carbon storage in soils is of interest because compared to vegetation it contains more carbon. Estimation of soil carbon through remote sensing based techniques can be a cost effective approach, but is limited by available methods. This study aims to develop a model based on remotely sensed variables (elevation, forest type and above ground biomass) to estimate soil carbon stocks. Field observations on soil organic carbon, species composition, and above ground biomass were recorded in the subtropical forest of Chitwan, Nepal. These variables were also estimated using LiDAR data and a WorldView 2 image. Above ground biomass was estimated from the LiDAR image using a novel approach where the image was segmented to identify individual trees, and for these trees estimates of DBH and Height were made. Based on AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) a regression model with above ground biomass derived from LiDAR data, and forest type derived from WorldView 2 imagery was selected to estimate soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. The selected model had a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.69. This shows the scope of estimating SOC with remote sensing derived variables in sub-tropical forests.

Addressing the Basics: Academics' View of the Purpose of Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watty, Kim

2006-01-01

A number of changes have occurred in the higher education sector under the auspices of quality and quality improvement. Much of this change has resulted in a compliance-driven environment (more measures, more meetings, more form-filling and less time for the core activities of teaching and research). It is an environment that seeks to assure all…

What Has the Coalition Government Done for Higher Education?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Temple, Paul

2015-01-01

Higher education in England has changed between 2010 and 2015 to a greater extent than in any other comparable time period--and as a direct result of the policies of the Coalition Government formed in May 2010. This commentary presents the view of the author in what the Coalition Government has done for higher education.

Higher Education Globalization in the Context of American Guidelines

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bidyuk, Natalya

2016-01-01

The article deals with the problem of globalization impact on higher education system in the United Stated of America. It has been concluded that globalization as a phenomenon has been acquiring much significance in all the spheres, especially in higher education. Different views on the essence of globalization, especially in the context of higher…

Higher spin conformal geometry in three dimensions and prepotentials for higher spin gauge fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Henneaux, Marc; Hörtner, Sergio; Leonard, Amaury

2016-01-01

We study systematically the conformal geometry of higher spin bosonic gauge fields in three spacetime dimensions. We recall the definition of the Cotton tensor for higher spins and establish a number of its properties that turn out to be key in solving in terms of prepotentials the constraint equations of the Hamiltonian (3 + 1) formulation of four-dimensional higher spin gauge fields. The prepotentials are shown to exhibit higher spin conformal symmetry. Just as for spins 1 and 2, they provide a remarkably simple, manifestly duality invariant formulation of the theory. While the higher spin conformal geometry is developed for arbitrary bosonic spin, we explicitly perform the Hamiltonian analysis and derive the solution of the constraints only in the illustrative case of spin 3. In a separate publication, the Hamiltonian analysis in terms of prepotentials is extended to all bosonic higher spins using the conformal tools of this paper, and the same emergence of higher spin conformal symmetry is confirmed.

Probing the effects of Lorentz-symmetry violating Chern-Simons and Ricci-Cotton terms in higher derivative gravity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pereira-Dias, B.; Hernaski, C. A.; Helayeel-Neto, J. A.

The combined effects of the Lorentz-symmetry violating Chern-Simons and Ricci-Cotton actions are investigated for the Einstein-Hilbert gravity in the second-order formalism modified by higher derivative terms, and their consequences on the spectrum of excitations are analyzed. We follow the lines of previous works and build up an orthonormal basis of projector-like operators for the degrees of freedom, rather than for the spin modes of the fields. With this new basis, the attainment of the propagators is remarkably simplified and the identification of the physical and unphysical modes becomes more immediate. Our conclusion is that the only tachyon- and ghost-free modelmore » is the Einstein-Hilbert action added up by the Chern-Simons term with a timelike vector of the type v{sup {mu}=}({mu},0-vector). Spectral consistency imposes that the Ricci-Cotton term must be switched off. We then infer that gravity with Lorentz-symmetry violation imposes a drastically different constraint on the background if compared to ordinary gauge theories whenever conditions for the suppression of tachyons and ghosts are imposed.« less

Sustainability Policy and Sustainability in Higher Education Curricula: The Educational Developer Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baughan, Patrick

2015-01-01

Various studies have investigated the views of higher education staff and students about sustainability, yet educational developer perspectives are under-represented in the research. This project gathered educational developer perspectives about sustainability in the curriculum. It sought to capture their views about a national sustainability…

Derivative chameleons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Noller, Johannes, E-mail: johannes.noller08@imperial.ac.uk

2012-07-01

We consider generalized chameleon models where the conformal coupling between matter and gravitational geometries is not only a function of the chameleon field φ, but also of its derivatives via higher order co-ordinate invariants (such as ∂{sub μ}φ∂{sup μ}φ,□φ,...). Specifically we consider the first such non-trivial conformal factor A(φ,∂{sub μ}φ∂{sup μ}φ). The associated phenomenology is investigated and we show that such theories have a new generic mass-altering mechanism, potentially assisting the generation of a sufficiently large chameleon mass in dense environments. The most general effective potential is derived for such derivative chameleon setups and explicit examples are given. Interestingly thismore » points us to the existence of a purely derivative chameleon protected by a shift symmetry for φ → φ+c. We also discuss potential ghost-like instabilities associated with mass-lifting mechanisms and find another, mass-lowering and instability-free, branch of solutions. This suggests that, barring fine-tuning, stable derivative models are in fact typically anti-chameleons that suppress the field's mass in dense environments. Furthermore we investigate modifications to the thin-shell regime and prove a no-go theorem for chameleon effects in non-conformal geometries of the disformal type.« less

Long-Range Planning--Finances. Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ward, Robert C.

This paper presents views on long-range financial planning for public and private higher education. Emphasis is placed on a mix of revenue sources for future support and on key budgetary considerations such as faculty and non-academic wages, the rising cost of graduate education, and the community and junior college movement. A triple crisis is…

The Role of Students' Employability Perceptions on Portuguese Higher Education Choices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tavares, Orlanda

2017-01-01

In a context where mass higher education has eroded the job security once guaranteed by higher qualifications, students are more likely to view higher education as an "investment" which should yield return in terms of their employability. The aim of this study is to understand whether Portuguese students consider employability as the…

The Ranking of Higher Education Institutions in Russia: Some Methodological Problems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Filinov, Nikolay B.; Ruchkina, Svetlana

2002-01-01

The ranking of higher education institutions in Russia is examined from two points of view: as a social phenomenon and as a multi-criteria decision-making problem. The first point of view introduces the idea of interested and involved parties; the second introduces certain principles on which a rational ranking methodology should be based.…

Redemption and the University: The Social Consequences of Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robbins, Stephen M.

1978-01-01

Higher education is seen as having replaced religion as the system of redemption in mass society, socializing students in the secular religion of production/consumption. Rather than educating and enriching students' lives, higher education is viewed as thwarting needs for autonomy and identity formation, leaving students only with career…

Young People's Views of Sex Education: Gender, Information and Knowledge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Measor, Lynda

2004-01-01

This paper derives from research that had the aim of understanding more about adolescents' views of sex education and adolescent sexuality. The data are taken from three separate pieces of research conducted in 1984, 1998 and 2003. This paper presents data about gender, information and knowledge relating to sexuality. It seeks to demonstrate that…

Nutrition Label Viewing during a Food-Selection Task: Front-of-Package Labels vs Nutrition Facts Labels.

PubMed

Graham, Dan J; Heidrick, Charles; Hodgin, Katie

2015-10-01

Earlier research has identified consumer characteristics associated with viewing Nutrition Facts labels; however, little is known about those who view front-of-package nutrition labels. Front-of-package nutrition labels might appeal to more consumers than do Nutrition Facts labels, but it might be necessary to provide consumers with information about how to locate and use these labels. This study quantifies Nutrition Facts and front-of-package nutrition label viewing among American adult consumers. Attention to nutrition information was measured during a food-selection task. One hundred and twenty-three parents (mean age=38 years, mean body mass index [calculated as kg/m(2)]=28) and one of their children (aged 6 to 9 years) selected six foods from a university laboratory-turned-grocery aisle. Participants were randomized to conditions in which front-of-package nutrition labels were present or absent, and signage explaining front-of-package nutrition labels was present or absent. Adults' visual attention to Nutrition Facts labels and front-of-package nutrition labels was objectively measured via eye-tracking glasses. To examine whether there were significant differences in the percentages of participants who viewed Nutrition Facts labels vs front-of-package nutrition labels, McNemar's tests were conducted across all participants, as well as within various sociodemographic categories. To determine whether hypothesized factors, such as health literacy and education, had stronger relationships with front-of-package nutrition label vs Nutrition Facts label viewing, linear regression assessed the magnitude of relationships between theoretically and empirically derived factors and each type of label viewing. Overall, front-of-package nutrition labels were more likely to be viewed than Nutrition Facts labels; however, for all subgroups, higher rates of front-of-package nutrition label viewership occurred only when signage was present drawing attention to the presence and

Solid-state one-way photoisomerisation of Z,E,Z-1,6-(4,4'-diphenyl)hexa-1,3,5-triene dicarboxylate examined using higher-order derivative spectra and powder XRD patterns.

PubMed

Sonoda, Yoriko; Goto, Midori; Ichimura, Kunihiro

2018-03-14

Higher order derivative spectra were applied at first to one-way ZEZ-to-EEE photoisomerisation of dimethyl ester (ZEZ-DPH1) of the titled compound in a methylcyclohexane solution. Many common crossing points emerged in UV-induced derivative-spectral changes to reveal the direct ZEZ-to-EEE photoisomerisation without the transient formation of an intermediate to suggest the bicycle-pedal mechanism. The solid-state photoisomerisation was subsequently monitored by tracing changes in the fourth-order derivatives of absorption spectra of a thin crystalline layer of ZEZ-DPH1 prepared by the drop-casting method, because the distortion of absorption spectra due to light scattering is cancelled. It was suggested that the solid-state photochemical event consists of three steps: fast ZEZ-to-EEE photoisomerisation, a subsequent slow ZEZ-to-EEE photoisomerisation and very slow disappearance of the EEE-isomer. Studies on powder XRD were also carried out for a drop-cast solid layer of ZEZ-DPH1 to disclose the coexistence of a crystal form other than the original one, and the former exhibited faster ZEZ-to-EEE photoisomerisation when compared with the original crystal form. The results revealed by XRD analysis are in line with those obtained by higher-order derivative spectra, confirming the solid-state one-way photoisomerisation to take place through the bicycle-pedal process.

Photosynthetic Efficiency of Northern Forest Ecosystems Using a MODIS-Derived Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Middleton, E. M.; Huemmrich, K. F.; Landis, D. R.; Black, T. A.; Barr, A. G.; McCaughey, J. H.

2016-01-01

.003 moles per moles of carbon absorbed quanta). Nadir (VZA, 0 degrees plus or minus 15 degrees) and backscatter views (VZA, -16 degrees to -45 degrees) had lower performance in estimating LUE (nadir: r squared approximately equal to 0.62-0.67; backscatter: r squared approximately equal to 0.54-0.59) and similar estimation error (RMSE equals 0.004-0.005).When directional effects were not considered, only a moderately successful MODIS-PRI vs. LUE relationship (r squared equals 0.34, RMSE equals 0.007) was obtained in the full dataset (all views & sites, both satellites), but site-specific relationships were able to discriminate between coniferous and deciduous forests. Overall, MODIS-PRI values from Terra (late morning) were higher than those from Aqua (early afternoon), before/after the onset of diurnal stress responses expressed spectrally. Therefore, we identified ninety-two Terra-Aqua "same day" pairs, for which the sum of Terra morning and Aqua afternoon MODIS-PRI values (PRI (sub sum) using all available directional observations was linearly correlated with daily tower LUE (r squared equals 0.622, RMSE equals 0.013) and independent of site differences or meteorological information. Our study highlights the value of off-nadir directional reflectance observations, and the value of pairing morning and afternoon satellite observations to monitor stress responses that inhibit carbon uptake in Canadian forest ecosystems. In addition, we show that MODIS-PRI values, when derived from either: (i) forward views only, or (ii) Terra/Aqua same day (any view) combined observations, provided more accurate estimates of tower-measured daily LUE than those derived from either nadir or backscatter views or those calculated by the widely used semi-operational MODIS GPP model (MOD17) which is based on a theoretical maximum LUE and environmental data. Consequently, we demonstrate the importance of diurnal as well as off-nadir satellite observations for detecting vegetation physiological

Embedding Quality: The Challenges for Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lomas, Laurie

2004-01-01

This paper reviews recent research, literature and the views of a small sample of senior managers and academics in English higher education institutions on the challenges associated with embedding quality. When implemented by a university, quality enhancement models such as total quality management and the European Foundation for Quality…

Presence and preferable viewing conditions when using an ultrahigh-definition large-screen display

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Masaoka, Kenichiro; Emoto, Masaki; Sugawara, Masayuki; Okano, Fumio

2005-01-01

We are investigating psychological aspects to obtain guidelines for the design of TVs aimed at future high-presence broadcasting. In this study, we performed subjective assessment tests to examine the psychological effects of different combinations of viewing conditions obtained by varying the viewing distance, screen size, and picture resolution (between 4000 and 1000 scan lines). The evaluation images were presented in the form of two-minute programs comprising a sequence of 10 still images, and the test subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of 20 items relating to psychological effects such as "presence", "adverse effects", and "preferability". It was found that the test subjects reported a higher feeling of presence for 1000-line images when viewed around a distance of 1.5H (less than the standard viewing distance of 3H, which is recommended as a viewing distance for subjective evaluation of image quality for HDTV), and reported a higher feeling of presence for 4000-line images than for 1000-line images. The adverse effects such as "difficulty of viewing" did not differ significantly with resolution, but were evaluated to be lower as the viewing distance increased and tended to saturate at viewing distances above 2H. The viewing conditions were evaluated as being more preferable as the screen size increased, showing that it is possible to broadcast comfortable high-presence pictures using high-resolution large-screen displays.

Do Lecturers Delivering Higher Education in Further Education Desire to Conduct Research?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feather, Denis

2012-01-01

This article considers the views and perceptions of lecturers delivering Higher Education Business Programmes (HEBPs) in Further Education Colleges (FECs) about whether they desire to undertake research, thus enabling them to both become and be viewed as specialists in their subjects. The methodology employed took an interpretivist perspective,…

Two-View versus Single-View Shear-Wave Elastography: Comparison of Observer Performance in Differentiating Benign from Malignant Breast Masses.

PubMed

Lee, Su Hyun; Cho, Nariya; Chang, Jung Min; Koo, Hye Ryoung; Kim, Jin You; Kim, Won Hwa; Bae, Min Sun; Yi, Ann; Moon, Woo Kyung

2013-10-28

Purpose To determine whether two-view shear-wave elastography (SWE) improves the performance of radiologists in differentiating benign from malignant breast masses compared with single-view SWE. Materials and Methods This prospective study was conducted with institutional review board approval, and written informed consent was obtained. B-mode ultrasonographic (US) and orthogonal SWE images were obtained for 219 breast masses (136 benign and 83 malignant; mean size, 14.8 mm) in 219 consecutive women (mean age, 47.9 years; range, 20-78 years). Five blinded radiologists independently assessed the likelihood of malignancy for three data sets: B-mode US alone, B-mode US and single-view SWE, and B-mode US and two-view SWE. Interobserver agreement regarding Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of each data set were compared. Results Interobserver agreement was moderate (κ = 0.560 ± 0.015 [standard error of the mean]) for BI-RADS category assessment with B-mode US alone. When SWE was added to B-mode US, five readers showed substantial interobserver agreement (κ = 0.629 ± 0.017 for single-view SWE; κ = 0.651 ± 0.014 for two-view SWE). The mean AUC of B-mode US was 0.870 (range, 0.855-0.884). The AUC of B-mode US and two-view SWE (average, 0.928; range, 0.904-0.941) was higher than that of B-mode US and single-view SWE (average, 0.900; range, 0.890-0.920), with statistically significant differences for three readers (P ≤ .003). Conclusion The performance of radiologists in differentiating benign from malignant breast masses was improved when B-mode US was combined with two-view SWE compared with that when B-mode US was combined with single-view SWE. © RSNA, 2013 Supplemental material: S1.

Two-view versus single-view shear-wave elastography: comparison of observer performance in differentiating benign from malignant breast masses.

PubMed

Lee, Su Hyun; Cho, Nariya; Chang, Jung Min; Koo, Hye Ryoung; Kim, Jin You; Kim, Won Hwa; Bae, Min Sun; Yi, Ann; Moon, Woo Kyung

2014-02-01

To determine whether two-view shear-wave elastography (SWE) improves the performance of radiologists in differentiating benign from malignant breast masses compared with single-view SWE. This prospective study was conducted with institutional review board approval, and written informed consent was obtained. B-mode ultrasonographic (US) and orthogonal SWE images were obtained for 219 breast masses (136 benign and 83 malignant; mean size, 14.8 mm) in 219 consecutive women (mean age, 47.9 years; range, 20-78 years). Five blinded radiologists independently assessed the likelihood of malignancy for three data sets: B-mode US alone, B-mode US and single-view SWE, and B-mode US and two-view SWE. Interobserver agreement regarding Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of each data set were compared. Interobserver agreement was moderate (κ = 0.560 ± 0.015 [standard error of the mean]) for BI-RADS category assessment with B-mode US alone. When SWE was added to B-mode US, five readers showed substantial interobserver agreement (κ = 0.629 ± 0.017 for single-view SWE; κ = 0.651 ± 0.014 for two-view SWE). The mean AUC of B-mode US was 0.870 (range, 0.855-0.884). The AUC of B-mode US and two-view SWE (average, 0.928; range, 0.904-0.941) was higher than that of B-mode US and single-view SWE (average, 0.900; range, 0.890-0.920), with statistically significant differences for three readers (P ≤ .003). The performance of radiologists in differentiating benign from malignant breast masses was improved when B-mode US was combined with two-view SWE compared with that when B-mode US was combined with single-view SWE. © RSNA, 2013

Do parental co-viewing and discussions mitigate TV-induced fears in young children?

PubMed

Paavonen, E J; Roine, M; Pennonen, M; Lahikainen, A R

2009-11-01

While excessive television viewing has been associated with negative outcomes in children's welfare, parental co-viewing has been suggested as an effective way to prevent these negative effects. The objective of the present study is to specify some social contexts of co-viewing and to assess whether co-viewing modifies the effects of media on children's TV-related fears. The study is based on a representative random sample of 331 children aged 5-6 years. It is based on parental reports of children's TV-related fears and family television viewing practices. Parental co-viewing and discussion of television programmes with the child were found to be associated with higher rates of children's TV-related fears, high television exposure in general and watching adults' television programmes. The association between TV-related fears and co-viewing remained significant even after controlling for gender, maternal education, family income and the quantity and quality of television viewing. Co-viewing and TV-related discussions increased the risk for TV-related fears nearly fourfold (adjusted odds ratio 3.92, 95% confidence interval 1.37-11.17 and adjusted odds ratio 3.31, 95% confidence interval 1.33-8.20, respectively). The findings suggest that co-viewing and discussing television programmes are more common in families where television exposure is high. Because both co-viewing and discussing television programmes were associated with higher fear scores regardless of the quantity and quality of television exposure, the research shows that in everyday life co-viewing may not be done in such a way that it leads to a reduction of children's fears. More studies are needed to explore the co-viewing practices of families in more detail.

Grade Inflation: Academic Standards in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hunt, Lester H., Ed.

2008-01-01

This book provides a provocative look at the issues and controversies surrounding grade inflation, and, more generally, grading practices in American higher education. The contributors confront the issues from a number of different disciplines and varying points of view. Topics explored include empirical evidence for and against the claim that…

In defense of derivations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mungan, Carl E.

2016-05-01

At the 2015 AAPT Summer Meeting, I presented four derivations of the formula for motional emf. Such physics derivations involve the construction of explanatory frameworks involving diagrams and mathematical models. Although textbooks devote considerable space to such explanations, many teachers and students spend their time on worksheets, end-of-chapter problems, and the like. The book is reduced to a bank of solved (i.e., example) and unsolved (i.e., homework) questions, along with equations in colored boxes that presumably are to be used to answer those questions. Such an approach encourages fragmentation of knowledge, the view that there is only one right answer to a problem with the goal of physics being to find that answer (neatly boxed of course), and the inability to reason about even a slightly different (much less a novel) situation. If we are to develop scientific literacy, significant course time must be devoted to explaining the structure of and support for the models and equations we use.

Stirring the Lions: Strategy and Tactics in Global Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robertson, Susan L.; Keeling, Ruth

2008-01-01

In many parts of the world, higher education is viewed as a prime "motor" for the development of a knowledge-based economy. Under the banner of this "new economy", higher education policies, programmes and practices have been increasingly co-opted and shaped by wider geo-strategic political and economic interests. This paper…

An algorithm to estimate building heights from Google street-view imagery using single view metrology across a representational state transfer system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Díaz, Elkin; Arguello, Henry

2016-05-01

Urban ecosystem studies require monitoring, controlling and planning to analyze building density, urban density, urban planning, atmospheric modeling and land use. In urban planning, there are many methods for building height estimation using optical remote sensing images. These methods however, highly depend on sun illumination and cloud-free weather. In contrast, high resolution synthetic aperture radar provides images independent from daytime and weather conditions, although, these images rely on special hardware and expensive acquisition. Most of the biggest cities around the world have been photographed by Google street view under different conditions. Thus, thousands of images from the principal streets of a city can be accessed online. The availability of this and similar rich city imagery such as StreetSide from Microsoft, represents huge opportunities in computer vision because these images can be used as input in many applications such as 3D modeling, segmentation, recognition and stereo correspondence. This paper proposes a novel algorithm to estimate building heights using public Google Street-View imagery. The objective of this work is to obtain thousands of geo-referenced images from Google Street-View using a representational state transfer system, and estimate their average height using single view metrology. Furthermore, the resulting measurements and image metadata are used to derive a layer of heights in a Google map available online. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can estimate an accurate average building height map of thousands of images using Google Street-View Imagery of any city.

Earth-viewing satellite perspectives on the Chelyabinsk meteor event.

PubMed

Miller, Steven D; Straka, William C; Bachmeier, A Scott; Schmit, Timothy J; Partain, Philip T; Noh, Yoo-Jeong

2013-11-05

Large meteors (or superbolides [Ceplecha Z, et al. (1999) Meteoroids 1998:37-54]), although rare in recorded history, give sobering testimony to civilization's inherent vulnerability. A not-so-subtle reminder came on the morning of February 15, 2013, when a large meteoroid hurtled into the Earth's atmosphere, forming a superbolide near the city of Chelyabinsnk, Russia, ∼1,500 km east of Moscow, Russia [Ivanova MA, et al. (2013) Abstracts of the 76th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society, 5366]. The object exploded in the stratosphere, and the ensuing shock wave blasted the city of Chelyabinsk, damaging structures and injuring hundreds. Details of trajectory are important for determining its specific source, the likelihood of future events, and potential mitigation measures. Earth-viewing environmental satellites can assist in these assessments. Here we examine satellite observations of the Chelyabinsk superbolide debris trail, collected within minutes of its entry. Estimates of trajectory are derived from differential views of the significantly parallax-displaced [e.g., Hasler AF (1981) Bull Am Meteor Soc 52:194-212] debris trail. The 282.7 ± 2.3° azimuth of trajectory, 18.5 ± 3.8° slope to the horizontal, and 17.7 ± 0.5 km/s velocity derived from these satellites agree well with parameters inferred from the wealth of surface-based photographs and amateur videos. More importantly, the results demonstrate the general ability of Earth-viewing satellites to provide valuable insight on trajectory reconstruction in the more likely scenario of sparse or nonexistent surface observations.

Earth-viewing satellite perspectives on the Chelyabinsk meteor event

PubMed Central

Miller, Steven D.; Straka, William C.; Bachmeier, A. Scott; Schmit, Timothy J.; Partain, Philip T.; Noh, Yoo-Jeong

2013-01-01

Large meteors (or superbolides [Ceplecha Z, et al. (1999) Meteoroids 1998:37–54]), although rare in recorded history, give sobering testimony to civilization’s inherent vulnerability. A not-so-subtle reminder came on the morning of February 15, 2013, when a large meteoroid hurtled into the Earth’s atmosphere, forming a superbolide near the city of Chelyabinsnk, Russia, ∼1,500 km east of Moscow, Russia [Ivanova MA, et al. (2013) Abstracts of the 76th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society, 5366]. The object exploded in the stratosphere, and the ensuing shock wave blasted the city of Chelyabinsk, damaging structures and injuring hundreds. Details of trajectory are important for determining its specific source, the likelihood of future events, and potential mitigation measures. Earth-viewing environmental satellites can assist in these assessments. Here we examine satellite observations of the Chelyabinsk superbolide debris trail, collected within minutes of its entry. Estimates of trajectory are derived from differential views of the significantly parallax-displaced [e.g., Hasler AF (1981) Bull Am Meteor Soc 52:194–212] debris trail. The 282.7 ± 2.3° azimuth of trajectory, 18.5 ± 3.8° slope to the horizontal, and 17.7 ± 0.5 km/s velocity derived from these satellites agree well with parameters inferred from the wealth of surface-based photographs and amateur videos. More importantly, the results demonstrate the general ability of Earth-viewing satellites to provide valuable insight on trajectory reconstruction in the more likely scenario of sparse or nonexistent surface observations. PMID:24145398

Dual Enrollment from Two Points of View: Higher Education and K-12

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kilgore, Wendy; Wagner, Ellen

2017-01-01

While dual enrollment fills a similar student success niche in both higher and K-12 education, the administrative perspectives of these two entities do not always align. This article highlights the groups' similarities and differences in perspective and proposes implications for practice.

2. X15 RUN UP AREA (Jan 59). A sharp, higher ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. X-15 RUN UP AREA (Jan 59). A sharp, higher altitide low oblique aerial view to the north, showing runway, at far left; X-15 Engine Test Complex in the center. This view predates construction of observation bunkers. - Edwards Air Force Base, X-15 Engine Test Complex, Rogers Dry Lake, east of runway between North Base & South Base, Boron, Kern County, CA

Best Practices in Higher Education Faculty Motivation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McNamee, Lonnie

2017-01-01

There are many kinds of teachers in that teach in higher education. Some of these teachers teach at a high level while some teach at a substandard level. Educators are inspired and invigorated upon viewing students' achievement. Menlo and Low (1988) examined educator employment happiness throughout five countries and discovered that educators were…

Student Perspectives on Quality in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jungblut, Jens; Vukasovic, Martina; Stensaker, Bjørn

2015-01-01

The study provides an insight into student perspectives on quality in higher education, using Harvey and Green conceptualizations as the point of departure, and exploring the linkages between the views on quality, the developments of the Bologna Process and related national reforms, as well as students' motivation for and expectations from higher…

Toward a better understanding of helicopter stability derivatives

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hansen, R. S.

1982-01-01

An amended six degree of freedom helicopter stability and control derivative model was developed in which body acceleration and control rate derivatives were included in the Taylor series expansion. These additional derivatives were derived from consideration of the effects of the higher order rotor flapping dynamics, which are known to be inadequately represented in the conventional six degree of freedom, quasistatic stability derivative model. The amended model was a substantial improvement over the conventional model, effectively doubling the unsable bandwidth and providing a more accurate representation of the short period and cross axis characteristics. Further investigations assessed the applicability of the two stability derivative model structures for flight test parameter identification. Parameters were identified using simulation data generated from a higher order base line model having sixth order rotor tip path plane dynamics. Three lower order models were identified: one using the conventional stability derivative model structure, a second using the amended six degree of freedom model structure, and a third model having eight degrees of freedom that included a simplified rotor tip path plane tilt representation.

Trade in Educational Services: An Overview of GATS and Policy Implications for Higher Agricultural Education in India

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Soam, S. K.; Sastry, R. Kalpana; Rashmi, H. B.

2007-01-01

Higher education is a service that contributes to national development, integration and regional cohesion. Agricultural education in particular has been viewed in many developing countries as a significant contributor to sustainable development and poverty alleviation. In view of its public mandate, higher education in most countries is regulated…

75 FR 78185 - Information Management Requirements for Derivatives Clearing Organizations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-15

... Principles J, K, L and M. This is based on the Commission's view that rigorous information management... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Parts 1, 21, and 39 RIN 3038-AC98 Information Management Requirements for Derivatives Clearing Organizations AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission...

Semistrict higher gauge theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jurčo, Branislav; Sämann, Christian; Wolf, Martin

2015-04-01

We develop semistrict higher gauge theory from first principles. In particular, we describe the differential Deligne cohomology underlying semistrict principal 2-bundles with connective structures. Principal 2-bundles are obtained in terms of weak 2-functors from the Čech groupoid to weak Lie 2-groups. As is demonstrated, some of these Lie 2-groups can be differentiated to semistrict Lie 2-algebras by a method due to Ševera. We further derive the full description of connective structures on semistrict principal 2-bundles including the non-linear gauge transformations. As an application, we use a twistor construction to derive superconformal constraint equations in six dimensions for a non-Abelian tensor multiplet taking values in a semistrict Lie 2-algebra.

The Future of Learning: 12 Views on Emerging Trends in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flynn, William J.; Vredevoogd, Jeff

2010-01-01

In 2009, Herman Miller, Inc., a Zeeland, Michigan-based furniture manufacturer, convened a leadership roundtable intended to identify trends that would affect higher education in the year 2015. Representatives from research universities, state colleges, community colleges, private institutions, and architectural and design firms participated in…

Music algorithm for imaging of a sound-hard arc in limited-view inverse scattering problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Won-Kwang

2017-07-01

MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm for a non-iterative imaging of sound-hard arc in limited-view inverse scattering problem is considered. In order to discover mathematical structure of MUSIC, we derive a relationship between MUSIC and an infinite series of Bessel functions of integer order. This structure enables us to examine some properties of MUSIC in limited-view problem. Numerical simulations are performed to support the identified structure of MUSIC.

A note on derivations of Murray-von Neumann algebras.

PubMed

Kadison, Richard V; Liu, Zhe

2014-02-11

A Murray-von Neumann algebra is the algebra of operators affiliated with a finite von Neumann algebra. In this article, we first present a brief introduction to the theory of derivations of operator algebras from both the physical and mathematical points of view. We then describe our recent work on derivations of Murray-von Neumann algebras. We show that the "extended derivations" of a Murray-von Neumann algebra, those that map the associated finite von Neumann algebra into itself, are inner. In particular, we prove that the only derivation that maps a Murray-von Neumann algebra associated with a factor of type II1 into that factor is 0. Those results are extensions of Singer's seminal result answering a question of Kaplansky, as applied to von Neumann algebras: The algebra may be noncommutative and may even contain unbounded elements.

Node Scheduling Strategies for Achieving Full-View Area Coverage in Camera Sensor Networks.

PubMed

Wu, Peng-Fei; Xiao, Fu; Sha, Chao; Huang, Hai-Ping; Wang, Ru-Chuan; Xiong, Nai-Xue

2017-06-06

Unlike conventional scalar sensors, camera sensors at different positions can capture a variety of views of an object. Based on this intrinsic property, a novel model called full-view coverage was proposed. We study the problem that how to select the minimum number of sensors to guarantee the full-view coverage for the given region of interest (ROI). To tackle this issue, we derive the constraint condition of the sensor positions for full-view neighborhood coverage with the minimum number of nodes around the point. Next, we prove that the full-view area coverage can be approximately guaranteed, as long as the regular hexagons decided by the virtual grid are seamlessly stitched. Then we present two solutions for camera sensor networks in two different deployment strategies. By computing the theoretically optimal length of the virtual grids, we put forward the deployment pattern algorithm (DPA) in the deterministic implementation. To reduce the redundancy in random deployment, we come up with a local neighboring-optimal selection algorithm (LNSA) for achieving the full-view coverage. Finally, extensive simulation results show the feasibility of our proposed solutions.

Valuing Higher Education: An Appreciation of the Work of Gareth Williams

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barnett, Ronald, Ed.; Temple, Paul, Ed.; Scott, Peter, Ed.

2016-01-01

In "Valuing Higher Education," leading international analysts examine Gareth Williams's contribution to shaping our thinking about the economics of higher education in essays that are a testimony to Williams's conception that the field cannot be properly understood unless viewed alongside social policy, changes in knowledge production,…

Systems and methods for maintaining multiple objects within a camera field-of-view

DOEpatents

Gans, Nicholas R.; Dixon, Warren

2016-03-15

In one embodiment, a system and method for maintaining objects within a camera field of view include identifying constraints to be enforced, each constraint relating to an attribute of the viewed objects, identifying a priority rank for the constraints such that more important constraints have a higher priority that less important constraints, and determining the set of solutions that satisfy the constraints relative to the order of their priority rank such that solutions that satisfy lower ranking constraints are only considered viable if they also satisfy any higher ranking constraints, each solution providing an indication as to how to control the camera to maintain the objects within the camera field of view.

Adolescents' Viewing of Suicide-Related Web Content and Psychological Problems: Differentiating the Roles of Cyberbullying Involvement.

PubMed

Görzig, Anke

2016-08-01

Possible links of cyberbullying with suicide and psychological problems have recently received considerable attention. Suicide-related behaviors have also been linked with viewing of associated web content. Studies on traditional bullying indicate that the roles of bullying involvement (bullies, victims, and bully-victims) matter in terms of associations with specific suicide-related behaviors and psychological problems. Yet, related research in the area of cyberbullying is lacking. The current study investigates the association of cyberbullying roles with viewing of specific suicide-related web content and psychological problems. Data from N = 19,406 (50 percent girls) 11-16-year-olds (M = 13.54, SD = 1.68) of a representative sample of Internet-using children in Europe were analyzed. Self-reports were obtained for cyberbullying role, viewing of web content related to self-harm, and suicide, as well as the emotional, peer, and conduct problem subscales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that compared with those not involved in cyberbullying, viewing of web content related to suicide was higher for cybervictims and cyberbully-victims, but not for cyberbullies. Viewing of web content related to self-harm was higher for all cyberbullying roles, especially for cyberbully-victims. Rates of emotional problems were higher among cybervictims and cyberbully-victims, rates of peer problems were higher for cybervictims, and rates of conduct problems were higher for all cyberbullying roles. Moreover, the links between cyberbullying role and viewing of suicide-related web content were independent of psychological problems. The results can be useful to more precisely target efforts toward the specific problems of each cyberbullying role. The outcomes on viewing of web content also indicate an opportunity to enhance the presence of health service providers on Internet platforms.

Peer Learning for Change in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hilsdon, John

2014-01-01

This paper draws upon small scale, qualitative research at a UK university to present a Learning Development (LD) perspective on peer learning. This approach is offered as a lens for exploring social aspects of learning, cultural change in higher education and implications for pedagogy and policy. Views of a small group of peer learning leaders…

Advanced Visualization of Experimental Data in Real Time Using LiveView3D

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schwartz, Richard J.; Fleming, Gary A.

2006-01-01

LiveView3D is a software application that imports and displays a variety of wind tunnel derived data in an interactive virtual environment in real time. LiveView3D combines the use of streaming video fed into a three-dimensional virtual representation of the test configuration with networked communications to the test facility Data Acquisition System (DAS). This unified approach to real time data visualization provides a unique opportunity to comprehend very large sets of diverse forms of data in a real time situation, as well as in post-test analysis. This paper describes how LiveView3D has been implemented to visualize diverse forms of aerodynamic data gathered during wind tunnel experiments, most notably at the NASA Langley Research Center Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel (UPWT). Planned future developments of the LiveView3D system are also addressed.

Trade in Higher Education Services in Malaysia: Key Policy Challenges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tham, Siew Yean

2010-01-01

In recent years, Malaysia has emerged as an unexpected contender in the world market for international students in higher education. Recognizing this sector as a potential new source of growth and export revenue, Malaysia aims to become a regional hub for higher education. In view of this, the objectives of this paper are to profile the pattern of…

Plasma-derived microparticles in polycythaemia vera.

PubMed

Ahadon, M; Abdul Aziz, S; Wong, C L; Leong, C F

2018-04-01

Microparticles are membrane bound vesicles, measuring less than 1.0 um, which are released during cellular activation or during apoptosis. Studies have shown that these circulating microparticles play a role in coagulation, cell signaling and cellular interactions. Increased levels of circulating microparticles have been observed in a number of conditions where there is vascular dysfunction, thrombosis and inflammation. The objective of this study was to determine the various plasma-derived microparticles in patients with polycythaemia vera (PV) in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre and to compare them with normal control. A total of 15 patients with PV and 15 healthy volunteers were included in this cross-sectional descriptive study. Plasma samples from both patients and healthy volunteers were prepared and further processed for isolation of microparticles. Flow cytometry analyses were then carried out in all samples to determine the cellular origin of the microparticles. Full blood count parameters for both groups were also collected. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 12.0. Patients with PV had a significantly higher percentage of platelet derived microparticles compared to healthy controls (P <0.05). The control group had a higher level of endothelial derived microparticles but the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The median percentage of positive events for platelet derived microparticles was higher in patients with PV compared to normal healthy controls.

Tension of APEL: Perceptions of Higher Education in Further Education Lecturers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dismore, Harriet; McDermott, Anne; Witt, Neil; Stillwell, Robert; Neville, Sophie; Stone, Mark

2011-01-01

This article examines the perceptions of Accrediting Prior Experiential Learning (APEL) from the point of view of lecturers delivering higher education in further education institutions. Despite the fact that APEL is recognised as potentially providing a range of benefits for higher education providers, students and employers, little research has…

Interdisciplinarity in Higher Petroleum Education in the Context of International Standards

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tymkiv, Nadiya

2017-01-01

The article deals with the problem of interdisciplinarity impact on higher petroleum education in Ukraine. Different views on the essence of interdisciplinarity, especially in the context of higher petroleum education, have been presented. It has been indicated that many scholars have studied the essence of interdisciplinarity within higher…

Strategy Development in UK Higher Education: Towards Resource-Based Competitive Advantages

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lynch, Richard; Baines, Paul

2004-01-01

Britain's higher education institutions (HEIs) face fundamental and unprecedented competitive pressures due to lower government funding (Cm 5735, "The Future of Higher Education," Department for Education and Skills, 2003) and a government agenda focused on a "widening participation agenda". We employ the resource-based view (RBV) of strategy…

Evaluation of viewing experiences induced by a curved three-dimensional display

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mun, Sungchul; Park, Min-Chul; Yano, Sumio

2015-10-01

Despite an increased need for three-dimensional (3-D) functionality in curved displays, comparisons pertinent to human factors between curved and flat panel 3-D displays have rarely been tested. This study compared stereoscopic 3-D viewing experiences induced by a curved display with those of a flat panel display by evaluating subjective and objective measures. Twenty-four participants took part in the experiments and viewed 3-D content with two different displays (flat and curved 3-D display) within a counterbalanced and within-subject design. For the 30-min viewing condition, a paired t-test showed significantly reduced P300 amplitudes, which were caused by engagement rather than cognitive fatigue, in the curved 3-D viewing condition compared to the flat 3-D viewing condition at P3 and P4. No significant differences in P300 amplitudes were observed for 60-min viewing. Subjective ratings of realness and engagement were also significantly higher in the curved 3-D viewing condition than in the flat 3-D viewing condition for 30-min viewing. Our findings support that curved 3-D displays can be effective for enhancing engagement among viewers based on specific viewing times and environments.

Electro-autotrophic synthesis of higher alcohols

DOEpatents

Liao, James C.; Cho, Kwang Myung

2016-11-01

The disclosure provides a process that converts CO.sub.2 to higher alcohols (e.g. isobutanol) using electricity as the energy source. This process stores electricity (e.g. from solar energy, nuclear energy, and the like) in liquid fuels that can be used as high octane number gasoline substitutes. Instead of deriving reducing power from photosynthesis, this process derives reducing power from electrically generated mediators, either H.sub.2 or formate. H.sub.2 can be derived from electrolysis of water. Formate can be generated by electrochemical reduction of CO.sub.2. After delivering the reducing power in the cell, formate becomes CO.sub.2 and recycles back. Therefore, the biological CO.sub.2 fixation process can occur in the dark.

Electro-autotrophic synthesis of higher alcohols

DOEpatents

Liao, James C.; Cho, Kwang Myung

2015-10-06

The disclosure provides a process that converts CO.sub.2 to higher alcohols (e.g. isobutanol) using electricity as the energy source. This process stores electricity (e.g. from solar energy, nuclear energy, and the like) in liquid fuels that can be used as high octane number gasoline substitutes. Instead of deriving reducing power from photosynthesis, this process derives reducing power from electrically generated mediators, either H.sub.2 or formate. H.sub.2 can be derived from electrolysis of water. Formate can be generated by electrochemical reduction of CO.sub.2. After delivering the reducing power in the cell, formate becomes CO.sub.2 and recycles back. Therefore, the biological CO.sub.2 fixation process can occur in the dark.

COMMENT Comment on 'Conservation laws of higher order nonlinear PDEs and the variational conservation laws in the class with mixed derivatives'

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sarlet, W.

2010-11-01

In a recent paper (R Narain and A H Kara 2010 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 43 085205), the authors claim to be applying Noether's theorem to higher-order partial differential equations and state that in a large class of examples 'the resultant conserved flows display some previously unknown interesting 'divergence properties' owing to the presence of the mixed derivatives' (citation from their abstract). It turns out that what this obscure sentence is meant to say is that the vector whose divergence must be zero (according to Noether's theorem), turns out to have non-zero divergence and subsequently must be modified to obtain a true conservation law. Clearly this cannot be right: we explain in detail the main source of the error.

A Not-So-Simple View of Adolescent Writing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poch, Apryl L.; Lembke, Erica S.

2017-01-01

According to the Simple View of Writing, four primary skills are necessary for successful writing (Berninger & Amtmann, 2003; Berninger & Winn, 2006). Transcription skills (e.g., handwriting, spelling) represent lower-order cognitive tasks, whereas text generation skills (e.g., ideation, translation) represent higher-order…

Radion stabilization in higher curvature warped spacetime

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Das, Ashmita; Mukherjee, Hiya; Paul, Tanmoy; SenGupta, Soumitra

2018-02-01

We consider a five dimensional AdS spacetime in presence of higher curvature term like F(R) = R + α R^2 in the bulk. In this model, we examine the possibility of modulus stabilization from the scalar degrees of freedom of higher curvature gravity free of ghosts. Our result reveals that the model stabilizes itself and the mechanism of modulus stabilization can be argued from a geometric point of view. We determine the region of the parametric space for which the modulus (or radion) can to be stabilized. We also show how the mass and coupling parameters of radion field are modified due to higher curvature term leading to modifications of its phenomenological implications on the visible 3-brane.

Useful field of view test.

PubMed

Wood, Joanne M; Owsley, Cynthia

2014-01-01

The useful field of view test was developed to reflect the visual difficulties that older adults experience with everyday tasks. Importantly, the useful field of view test (UFOV) is one of the most extensively researched and promising predictor tests for a range of driving outcomes measures, including driving ability and crash risk as well as other everyday tasks. Currently available commercial versions of the test can be administered using personal computers; these measure the speed of visual processing for rapid detection and localization of targets under conditions of divided visual attention and in the presence and absence of visual clutter. The test is believed to assess higher-order cognitive abilities, but performance also relies on visual sensory function because in order for targets to be attended to, they must be visible. The format of the UFOV has been modified over the years; the original version estimated the spatial extent of useful field of view, while the latest version measures visual processing speed. While deficits in the useful field of view are associated with functional impairments in everyday activities in older adults, there is also emerging evidence from several research groups that improvements in visual processing speed can be achieved through training. These improvements have been shown to reduce crash risk, and can have a positive impact on health and functional well-being, with the potential to increase the mobility and hence the independence of older adults. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

Current interactions from the one-form sector of nonlinear higher-spin equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gelfond, O. A.; Vasiliev, M. A.

2018-06-01

The form of higher-spin current interactions in the sector of one-forms is derived from the nonlinear higher-spin equations in AdS4. Quadratic corrections to higher-spin equations are shown to be independent of the phase of the parameter η = exp ⁡ iφ in the full nonlinear higher-spin equations. The current deformation resulting from the nonlinear higher-spin equations is represented in the canonical form with the minimal number of space-time derivatives. The non-zero spin-dependent coupling constants of the resulting currents are determined in terms of the higher-spin coupling constant η η bar . Our results confirm the conjecture that (anti-)self-dual nonlinear higher-spin equations result from the full system at (η = 0) η bar = 0.

Dynamics with infinitely many time derivatives in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker background and rolling tachyons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Joukovskaya, Liudmila

2009-02-01

Dynamics with infinitely many time derivatives has place in string field theory and have been profoundly investigated there. Recently there has been considerable interest in theories with infinitely many derivatives in the cosmological context in view of new features which these theories might accommodate owing to nonlocal interaction. In present work we continue investigation of such models, as a concrete example we study the dynamics of unstable D-brane in the open string theory in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker background. We construct numerical solutions describing dynamical interpolation between the perturbative and non-perturbative vacua. The obtained solutions have several interesting properties and might be of interest from the cosmological points of view.

Financing Traditionally Black Institutions of Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gillespie, Bonnie J.

Black institutions of higher learning have traditionally been underfunded, and this problem is especially acute today. In view of this, the major objective of this paper is to glean, from a survey of the literature, the various methods of financing that are being used in colleges and universities throughout the country, with the hope that some of…

Management Flexibility and State Regulation in Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mingle, James R., Ed.

Findings of a Southern Regional Education Board study of management flexibility and state regulation in higher education are discussed in five chapters. James R. Mingle in "Management Flexibility and State Regulation: An Overview" outlines the scope of the study, which focused on administrators' and board members' views on management…

The Lake Victoria Intense Storm Early Warning System (VIEWS)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thiery, Wim; Gudmundsson, Lukas; Bedka, Kristopher; Semazzi, Fredrick; Lhermitte, Stef; Willems, Patrick; van Lipzig, Nicole; Seneviratne, Sonia I.

2017-04-01

Weather extremes have harmful impacts on communities around Lake Victoria in East Africa. Every year, intense nighttime thunderstorms cause numerous boating accidents on the lake, resulting in thousands of deaths among fishermen. Operational storm warning systems are therefore crucial. Here we complement ongoing early warning efforts based on NWP, by presenting a new satellite data-driven storm prediction system, the prototype Lake Victoria Intense storm Early Warning System (VIEWS). VIEWS derives predictability from the correlation between afternoon land storm activity and nighttime storm intensity on Lake Victoria, and relies on logistic regression techniques to forecast extreme thunderstorms from satellite observations. Evaluation of the statistical model reveals that predictive power is high and independent of the input dataset. We then optimise the configuration and show that also false alarms contain valuable information. Our results suggest that regression-based models that are motivated through process understanding have the potential to reduce the vulnerability of local fishing communities around Lake Victoria. The experimental prediction system is publicly available under the MIT licence at http://github.com/wthiery/VIEWS.

Higher order relativistic galaxy number counts: dominating terms

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nielsen, Jeppe TrØst; Durrer, Ruth, E-mail: Jeppe.Trost@nbi.dk, E-mail: Ruth.Durrer@unige.ch

2017-03-01

We review the number counts to second order concentrating on the terms which dominate on sub horizon scales. We re-derive the result for these terms and compare it with the different versions found in the literature. We generalize our derivation to higher order terms, especially the third order number counts which are needed to compute the 1-loop contribution to the power spectrum.

Parental modelling, media equipment and screen-viewing among young children: cross-sectional study

PubMed Central

Jago, Russell; Sebire, Simon J; Lucas, Patricia J; Turner, Katrina M; Bentley, Georgina F; Goodred, Joanna K; Stewart-Brown, Sarah; Fox, Kenneth R

2013-01-01

Objective To examine whether parental screen-viewing, parental attitudes or access to media equipment were associated with the screen-viewing of 6-year-old to 8-year-old children. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Online survey. Main outcome Parental report of the number of hours per weekday that they and, separately, their 6-year-old to 8-year-old child spent watching TV, using a games console, a smart-phone and multiscreen viewing. Parental screen-viewing, parental attitudes and pieces of media equipment were exposures. Results Over 75% of the parents and 62% of the children spent more than 2 h/weekday watching TV. Over two-thirds of the parents and almost 40% of the children spent more than an hour per day multiscreen viewing. The mean number of pieces of media equipment in the home was 5.9 items, with 1.3 items in the child's bedroom. Children who had parents who spent more than 2 h/day watching TV were over 7.8 times more likely to exceed the 2 h threshold. Girls and boys who had a parent who spent an hour or more multiscreen viewing were 34 times more likely to also spend more than an hour per day multiscreen viewing. Media equipment in the child's bedroom was associated with higher TV viewing, computer time and multiscreen viewing. Each increment in the parental agreement that watching TV was relaxing for their child was associated with a 49% increase in the likelihood that the child spent more than 2 h/day watching TV. Conclusions Children who have parents who engage in high levels of screen-viewing are more likely to engage in high levels of screen-viewing. Access to media equipment, particularly in the child's bedroom, was associated with higher levels of screen-viewing. Family-based strategies to reduce screen-viewing and limit media equipment access may be important ways to reduce child screen-viewing. PMID:23619088

Generalization between canonical and non-canonical views in object recognition

PubMed Central

Ghose, Tandra; Liu, Zili

2013-01-01

Viewpoint generalization in object recognition is the process that allows recognition of a given 3D object from many different viewpoints despite variations in its 2D projections. We used the canonical view effects as a foundation to empirically test the validity of a major theory in object recognition, the view-approximation model (Poggio & Edelman, 1990). This model predicts that generalization should be better when an object is first seen from a non-canonical view and then a canonical view than when seen in the reversed order. We also manipulated object similarity to study the degree to which this view generalization was constrained by shape details and task instructions (object vs. image recognition). Old-new recognition performance for basic and subordinate level objects was measured in separate blocks. We found that for object recognition, view generalization between canonical and non-canonical views was comparable for basic level objects. For subordinate level objects, recognition performance was more accurate from non-canonical to canonical views than the other way around. When the task was changed from object recognition to image recognition, the pattern of the results reversed. Interestingly, participants responded “old” to “new” images of “old” objects with a substantially higher rate than to “new” objects, despite instructions to the contrary, thereby indicating involuntary view generalization. Our empirical findings are incompatible with the prediction of the view-approximation theory, and argue against the hypothesis that views are stored independently. PMID:23283692

LabVIEW Interface for PCI-SpaceWire Interface Card

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lux, James; Loya, Frank; Bachmann, Alex

2005-01-01

This software provides a LabView interface to the NT drivers for the PCISpaceWire card, which is a peripheral component interface (PCI) bus interface that conforms to the IEEE-1355/ SpaceWire standard. As SpaceWire grows in popularity, the ability to use SpaceWire links within LabVIEW will be important to electronic ground support equipment vendors. In addition, there is a need for a high-level LabVIEW interface to the low-level device- driver software supplied with the card. The LabVIEW virtual instrument (VI) provides graphical interfaces to support all (1) SpaceWire link functions, including message handling and routing; (2) monitoring as a passive tap using specialized hardware; and (3) low-level access to satellite mission-control subsystem functions. The software is supplied in a zip file that contains LabVIEW VI files, which provide various functions of the PCI-SpaceWire card, as well as higher-link-level functions. The VIs are suitably named according to the matching function names in the driver manual. A number of test programs also are provided to exercise various functions.

Enhancing multi-view autostereoscopic displays by viewing distance control (VDC)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jurk, Silvio; Duckstein, Bernd; Renault, Sylvain; Kuhlmey, Mathias; de la Barré, René; Ebner, Thomas

2014-03-01

Conventional multi-view displays spatially interlace various views of a 3D scene and form appropriate viewing channels. However, they only support sufficient stereo quality within a limited range around the nominal viewing distance (NVD). If this distance is maintained, two slightly divergent views are projected to the person's eyes, both covering the entire screen. With increasing deviations from the NVD the stereo image quality decreases. As a major drawback in usability, the manufacturer so far assigns this distance. We propose a software-based solution that corrects false view assignments depending on the distance of the viewer. Our novel approach enables continuous view adaptation based on the calculation of intermediate views and a column-bycolumn rendering method. The algorithm controls each individual subpixel and generates a new interleaving pattern from selected views. In addition, we use color-coded test content to verify its efficacy. This novel technology helps shifting the physically determined NVD to a user-defined distance thereby supporting stereopsis. The recent viewing positions can fall in front or behind the NVD of the original setup. Our algorithm can be applied to all multi-view autostereoscopic displays — independent of the ascent or the periodicity of the optical element. In general, the viewing distance can be corrected with a factor of more than 2.5. By creating a continuous viewing area the visualized 3D content is suitable even for persons with largely divergent intraocular distance — adults and children alike — without any deficiency in spatial perception.

Shikonin and its derivatives: a patent review.

PubMed

Wang, Rubing; Yin, Runting; Zhou, Wen; Xu, Defeng; Li, Shaoshun

2012-09-01

Shikonin and its derivatives are the main components of red pigment extracts from Lithospermum erythrorhizon, whose medicinal properties have been confirmed for a long history, and have aroused great interest as the hallmark molecules responsible for their significant biological activities, especially for their striking anticancer effects. Areas covered in this paper include a review of the total synthesis, biological effects and mechanisms of shikonin and its derivatives for their anticancer activities in the past decade, basing on literature and patents. The current state and problems are also discussed. At present, screening for anticancer shikonin derivatives is based on cellular level to find compounds with stronger cytotoxicity. Though several compounds have been discovered with striking cytotoxicity in vitro, however, no selectivity was observed and undoubtedly, the further outcomes have been disappointing because of their great damage to normal cells. Meanwhile, the presumed mechanisms of action are also established in terms of their cytotoxicity. From a pharmacological point of view, most of the shikonin derivatives are at an early stage of their development, and thus it is difficult to determine the exact effectiveness in cancer treatment. With research in this field going deeper, it can be expected that, despite the difficulties, shikonin derivatives as potential anticancer agents will soon follow.

Higher Education and Civil Society: Compatibility Re-Examined

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Khatun, Mahmuda

2012-01-01

Last couple of decades, some developed countries emphasized to develop civil society in developing countries. The main goals were to promote democratic norms and values among citizens who will not be thinking about democratic society otherwise. To establish democratic norms and values, many view that higher education is necessary. The relationship…

Higher exercise intensity delays postexercise recovery of impedance-derived cardiac sympathetic activity.

PubMed

Michael, Scott; Jay, Ollie; Graham, Kenneth S; Davis, Glen M

2017-08-01

Systolic time intervals (STIs) provide noninvasive insights into cardiac sympathetic neural activity (cSNA). As the effect of exercise intensity on postexercise STI recovery is unclear, this study investigated the STI recovery profile after different exercise intensities. Eleven healthy males cycled for 8 min at 3 separate intensities: LOW (40%-45%), MOD (75%-80%), and HIGH (90%-95%) of heart-rate (HR) reserve. Bio-impedance cardiography was used to assess STIs - primarily pre-ejection period (PEP; inversely correlated with cSNA), as well as left ventricular ejection time (LVET) and PEP:LVET - during 10 min seated recovery immediately postexercise. Heart-rate variability (HRV), i.e., natural-logarithm of root mean square of successive differences (Ln-RMSSD), was calculated as an index of cardiac parasympathetic neural activity (cPNA). Higher preceding exercise intensity elicited a slower recovery of HR and Ln-RMSSD (p < 0.001), and these measures did not return to baseline by 10 min following any intensity (p ≤ 0.009). Recovery of STIs was also slower following higher intensity exercise (p ≤ 0.002). By 30 s postexercise, higher preceding intensity resulted in a lower PEP (98 ± 14 ms, 75 ± 6 ms, 66 ± 5 ms for LOW, MOD, and HIGH, respectively, p < 0.001). PEP recovered to baseline (143 ± 11 ms) by 5 min following LOW (139 ± 13 ms, p = 0.590) and by 10 min following MOD (145 ± 17 ms, p = 0.602), but was still suppressed at 10 min following HIGH (123 ± 21 ms, p = 0.012). Higher preceding exercise intensity attenuated the recovery of indices for cSNA (from STIs) and cPNA (from HRV) in a graded dose-response fashion. While exercise intensity must be considered, acute recovery may be a valuable period during which to concurrently monitor these noninvasive indices, to identify potentially abnormal cardiac autonomic responses.

Node Scheduling Strategies for Achieving Full-View Area Coverage in Camera Sensor Networks

PubMed Central

Wu, Peng-Fei; Xiao, Fu; Sha, Chao; Huang, Hai-Ping; Wang, Ru-Chuan; Xiong, Nai-Xue

2017-01-01

Unlike conventional scalar sensors, camera sensors at different positions can capture a variety of views of an object. Based on this intrinsic property, a novel model called full-view coverage was proposed. We study the problem that how to select the minimum number of sensors to guarantee the full-view coverage for the given region of interest (ROI). To tackle this issue, we derive the constraint condition of the sensor positions for full-view neighborhood coverage with the minimum number of nodes around the point. Next, we prove that the full-view area coverage can be approximately guaranteed, as long as the regular hexagons decided by the virtual grid are seamlessly stitched. Then we present two solutions for camera sensor networks in two different deployment strategies. By computing the theoretically optimal length of the virtual grids, we put forward the deployment pattern algorithm (DPA) in the deterministic implementation. To reduce the redundancy in random deployment, we come up with a local neighboring-optimal selection algorithm (LNSA) for achieving the full-view coverage. Finally, extensive simulation results show the feasibility of our proposed solutions. PMID:28587304

Photobactericidal activity of methylene blue derivatives against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp.

PubMed

Wainwright, M; Phoenix, D A; Gaskell, M; Marshall, B

1999-12-01

The toxicities and phototoxicities of methylene blue and its two methylated derivatives were measured against one standard and three vancomycin-resistant pathogenic strains of Enterococcus spp. Each of the compounds was bactericidal and the derivatives exhibited photobactericidal activity on illumination at a 'light' dose of 6.3 J/cm(2) against one or more of the strains. Increased bactericidal and photobactericidal activity in the methylated derivatives is thought to be due to their higher hydrophobicities allowing greater interaction with the bacterial cell wall. In addition, the derivatives exhibited higher inherent photosensitizing efficacies.

Modernisation of Higher Education in Europe: Funding and the Social Dimension

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crosier, David; Dalferth, Simon; Kerpanova, Viera; Parveva, Teodora

2011-01-01

There is an urgent need to address the social dimension of higher education more forcefully and coherently, particularly in view of the economic downturn across Europe. This is the conclusion of the new Eurydice report, which looks at national policies on access to higher education, funding and student support. The report, covering EU Member…

Viewing preferences, symptoms of psychological trauma, and violent behaviors among children who watch television.

PubMed

Singer, M I; Slovak, K; Frierson, T; York, P

1998-10-01

To examine the extent to which children's television-viewing practices are associated with symptoms of psychological trauma and aggressive behaviors. The following three hypotheses were tested: (1) children who report watching greater amounts of television per day will report higher levels of trauma symptoms than children who report lesser amounts of television viewing; (2) children who report watching greater amounts of television per day will report higher levels of violent behaviors than children who report watching lesser amounts of television per day; and (3) children who report a preference for action and fighting programs will report higher levels of violent behaviors than children who report a preference for other types of television programs. The study used a survey design in which an anonymous self-report questionnaire was administered to students in grades 3 through 8 in 11 Ohio public schools during the 1995-1996 school year (N = 2,245). All three hypotheses were supported. Heavy television viewing by children may indicate the presence of problems such as depression, anxiety, and violent behaviors; such viewing should be screened for by psychiatrists and other mental health professionals working with children.

Higher-order gravity in higher dimensions: geometrical origins of four-dimensional cosmology?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Troisi, Antonio

2017-03-01

Determining the cosmological field equations is still very much debated and led to a wide discussion around different theoretical proposals. A suitable conceptual scheme could be represented by gravity models that naturally generalize Einstein theory like higher-order gravity theories and higher-dimensional ones. Both of these two different approaches allow one to define, at the effective level, Einstein field equations equipped with source-like energy-momentum tensors of geometrical origin. In this paper, the possibility is discussed to develop a five-dimensional fourth-order gravity model whose lower-dimensional reduction could provide an interpretation of cosmological four-dimensional matter-energy components. We describe the basic concepts of the model, the complete field equations formalism and the 5-D to 4-D reduction procedure. Five-dimensional f( R) field equations turn out to be equivalent, on the four-dimensional hypersurfaces orthogonal to the extra coordinate, to an Einstein-like cosmological model with three matter-energy tensors related with higher derivative and higher-dimensional counter-terms. By considering the gravity model with f(R)=f_0R^n the possibility is investigated to obtain five-dimensional power law solutions. The effective four-dimensional picture and the behaviour of the geometrically induced sources are finally outlined in correspondence to simple cases of such higher-dimensional solutions.

[Separation of [Rh-103m]-rhodocene derivatives from the parent [103Ru]ruthenocene derivatives and their organ distribution].

PubMed

Wenzel, M; Wu, Y F

1987-01-01

The radioactive decay of [103Ru]ruthenocene derivatives leads to 103mRh labelled rhodocinium derivatives, which can be separated by the extraction of a lipophilic solution of the ruthenocen derivate with water. The separation factor 103mRh/103Ru reaches values of 32:1 Rh3+ ions are not liberated and extracted. The organ distribution of the 103mRh labelled rhodocinium derivatives gained from ruthenocene and from N-isopropyl-ruthenocene amphetamine is different from the distribution of the parent ruthenocene compound. The liver and kidney uptake of the rhodocinium-amphetamine is much higher than the uptake with ruthenocene amphetamine.

View From Outside the Viewing Sphere

PubMed Central

Koenderink, Jan; van Doorn, Andrea; Pepperell, Robert

2018-01-01

The ‘viewing sphere’, as defined by Euclid and explored by Gibson as the ‘optic array’, is generally thought of as wrapped around the eye. Can an observer step out of it? With currently popular photographic techniques, the spectator is forced to, because the viewing sphere is presented as a pictorial object. Then the question is whether human observers are able to use such pictorial representations in an intuitive manner. Can the spectator ‘mentally step into the interior’ of the pictorial viewing sphere? We explore this issue in a short experiment. Perhaps unsurprisingly, because the eye cannot see itself, the short answer is no. PMID:29854376

A Study of Performance Support in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lion, Robert W.

2011-01-01

Successful performance improvement efforts are closely tied to the strength and integrity of the performance analysis process. During a time when higher education institutions are facing increasing budget cuts, the ability to recruit and retain students is extremely important. For some institutions, web-based courses have been viewed as a way to…

A review on mathematical methods of conventional and Islamic derivatives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hisham, Azie Farhani Badrol; Jaffar, Maheran Mohd

2014-12-01

Despite the impressive growth of risk management tools in financial institutions, Islamic finance remains miles away behind the conventional institutions. Islamic finance products need to comply with the syariah law and prohibitions, therefore they can use fewer of the available risk management tools compared to conventional. Derivatives have proven to be the effective hedging technique and instrument that broadly being used in the conventional institutions to manage their risks. However, derivatives are not generally accepted as the legitimate products in Islamic finance and they remain controversial issues among the Islamic scholars. This paper reviews the evolution of derivatives such as forwards, futures and options and then explores the mathematical models that being used to solve derivatives such as random walk model, asset pricing model that follows Brownian motion and Black-Scholes model. Other than that, this paper also critically discuss the perspective of derivatives from Islamic point of view. In conclusion, this paper delivers the traditional Islamic products such as salam, urbun and istijrar that can be used to create building blocks of Islamic derivatives.

13 CFR 120.472 - Higher individual minimum capital requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... requirement. 120.472 Section 120.472 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Lenders Small Business Lending Companies (sblc) § 120.472 Higher individual minimum capital... capital level, and the performance of its SBA loan portfolio; (e) The management views of the SBLC's...

13 CFR 120.472 - Higher individual minimum capital requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... requirement. 120.472 Section 120.472 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Lenders Small Business Lending Companies (sblc) § 120.472 Higher individual minimum capital... capital level, and the performance of its SBA loan portfolio; (e) The management views of the SBLC's...

13 CFR 120.472 - Higher individual minimum capital requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... requirement. 120.472 Section 120.472 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Lenders Small Business Lending Companies (sblc) § 120.472 Higher individual minimum capital... capital level, and the performance of its SBA loan portfolio; (e) The management views of the SBLC's...

Single-shot imaging with higher-dimensional encoding using magnetic field monitoring and concomitant field correction.

PubMed

Testud, Frederik; Gallichan, Daniel; Layton, Kelvin J; Barmet, Christoph; Welz, Anna M; Dewdney, Andrew; Cocosco, Chris A; Pruessmann, Klaas P; Hennig, Jürgen; Zaitsev, Maxim

2015-03-01

PatLoc (Parallel Imaging Technique using Localized Gradients) accelerates imaging and introduces a resolution variation across the field-of-view. Higher-dimensional encoding employs more spatial encoding magnetic fields (SEMs) than the corresponding image dimensionality requires, e.g. by applying two quadratic and two linear spatial encoding magnetic fields to reconstruct a 2D image. Images acquired with higher-dimensional single-shot trajectories can exhibit strong artifacts and geometric distortions. In this work, the source of these artifacts is analyzed and a reliable correction strategy is derived. A dynamic field camera was built for encoding field calibration. Concomitant fields of linear and nonlinear spatial encoding magnetic fields were analyzed. A combined basis consisting of spherical harmonics and concomitant terms was proposed and used for encoding field calibration and image reconstruction. A good agreement between the analytical solution for the concomitant fields and the magnetic field simulations of the custom-built PatLoc SEM coil was observed. Substantial image quality improvements were obtained using a dynamic field camera for encoding field calibration combined with the proposed combined basis. The importance of trajectory calibration for single-shot higher-dimensional encoding is demonstrated using the combined basis including spherical harmonics and concomitant terms, which treats the concomitant fields as an integral part of the encoding. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Higher Education Finance Manual: Volume 2. Data Users' Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Collier, Douglas J.; Allen, Richard H.

The second volume of the revised "Higher Education Finance Manual" (HEFM), this data users' guide is oriented to the nonaccountant and describes the kinds of information about postsecondary education that can be derived from institutional financial data. Contents include: a description of fund accounting for higher education, a…

Concept development for the ITER equatorial port visible∕infrared wide angle viewing system.

PubMed

Reichle, R; Beaumont, B; Boilson, D; Bouhamou, R; Direz, M-F; Encheva, A; Henderson, M; Huxford, R; Kazarian, F; Lamalle, Ph; Lisgo, S; Mitteau, R; Patel, K M; Pitcher, C S; Pitts, R A; Prakash, A; Raffray, R; Schunke, B; Snipes, J; Diaz, A Suarez; Udintsev, V S; Walker, C; Walsh, M

2012-10-01

The ITER equatorial port visible∕infrared wide angle viewing system concept is developed from the measurement requirements. The proposed solution situates 4 viewing systems in the equatorial ports 3, 9, 12, and 17 with 4 views each (looking at the upper target, the inner divertor, and tangentially left and right). This gives sufficient coverage. The spatial resolution of the divertor system is 2 times higher than the other views. For compensation of vacuum-vessel movements, an optical hinge concept is proposed. Compactness and low neutron streaming is achieved by orienting port plug doglegs horizontally. Calibration methods, risks, and R&D topics are outlined.

Preferred viewing distance and screen angle of electronic paper displays.

PubMed

Shieh, Kong-King; Lee, Der-Song

2007-09-01

This study explored the viewing distance and screen angle for electronic paper (E-Paper) displays under various light sources, ambient illuminations, and character sizes. Data analysis showed that the mean viewing distance and screen angle were 495 mm and 123.7 degrees. The mean viewing distances for Kolin Chlorestic Liquid Crystal display was 500 mm, significantly longer than Sony electronic ink display, 491 mm. Screen angle for Kolin was 127.4 degrees, significantly greater than that of Sony, 120.0 degrees. Various light sources revealed no significant effect on viewing distances; nevertheless, they showed significant effect on screen angles. The screen angle for sunlight lamp (D65) was similar to that of fluorescent lamp (TL84), but greater than that of tungsten lamp (F). Ambient illumination and E-paper type had significant effects on viewing distance and screen angle. The higher the ambient illumination was, the longer the viewing distance and the lesser the screen angle. Character size had significant effect on viewing distances: the larger the character size, the longer the viewing distance. The results of this study indicated that the viewing distance for E-Paper was similar to that of visual display terminal (VDT) at around 500 mm, but greater than normal paper at about 360 mm. The mean screen angle was around 123.7 degrees, which in terms of viewing angle is 29.5 degrees below horizontal eye level. This result is similar to the general suggested viewing angle between 20 degrees and 50 degrees below the horizontal line of sight.

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Bacterial Infections

PubMed Central

Ost, Michael; Singh, Anurag; Peschel, Andreas; Mehling, Roman; Rieber, Nikolaus; Hartl, Dominik

2016-01-01

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) comprise monocytic and granulocytic innate immune cells with the capability of suppressing T- and NK-cell responses. While the role of MDSCs has been studied in depth in malignant diseases, the understanding of their regulation and function in infectious disease conditions has just begun to evolve. Here we summarize and discuss the current view how MDSCs participate in bacterial infections and how this knowledge could be exploited for potential future therapeutics. PMID:27066459

Facilitating Innovations in Higher Education in Transition Economies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saginova, Olga; Belyansky, Vladimir

2008-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse innovations in education from the point of view of product content and markets selected. Emerging market economies face a number of problems many of which are closely linked to and dependent upon the effectiveness of higher professional education. External environment changes, such as the formation…

Statistics Report on TEQSA Registered Higher Education Providers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Australian Government Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency, 2014

2014-01-01

This report is the first release of selected data held and analysed by The Tertiary Education Quality Standards Agency (TEQSA) for its regulatory purposes that provides a complete view of the sector that has not previously been disseminated. As the national regulator of all Australian higher education providers, TEQSA is in a unique position in…

Delivering Higher Education Policies within a Challenging Community

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Halsall, Jamie P.

2013-01-01

The aim of this paper is to examine how the University of Huddersfield embraced the ethos of community cohesion and made moves into a problematic community. Drawing on qualitative research conducted in Oldham in Greater Manchester the paper presents insights into how higher education is viewed in the area. The research reveals that higher…

Higher-order neural network software for distortion invariant object recognition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reid, Max B.; Spirkovska, Lilly

1991-01-01

The state-of-the-art in pattern recognition for such applications as automatic target recognition and industrial robotic vision relies on digital image processing. We present a higher-order neural network model and software which performs the complete feature extraction-pattern classification paradigm required for automatic pattern recognition. Using a third-order neural network, we demonstrate complete, 100 percent accurate invariance to distortions of scale, position, and in-plate rotation. In a higher-order neural network, feature extraction is built into the network, and does not have to be learned. Only the relatively simple classification step must be learned. This is key to achieving very rapid training. The training set is much smaller than with standard neural network software because the higher-order network only has to be shown one view of each object to be learned, not every possible view. The software and graphical user interface run on any Sun workstation. Results of the use of the neural software in autonomous robotic vision systems are presented. Such a system could have extensive application in robotic manufacturing.

Effect of Viewing Smoking Scenes in Motion Pictures on Subsequent Smoking Desire in Audiences in South Korea.

PubMed

Sohn, Minsung; Jung, Minsoo

2017-07-17

In the modern era of heightened awareness of public health, smoking scenes in movies remain relatively free from public monitoring. The effect of smoking scenes in movies on the promotion of viewers' smoking desire remains unknown. The study aimed to explore whether exposure of adolescent smokers to images of smoking in fılms could stimulate smoking behavior. Data were derived from a national Web-based sample survey of 748 Korean high-school students. Participants aged 16-18 years were randomly assigned to watch three short video clips with or without smoking scenes. After adjusting covariates using propensity score matching, paired sample t test and logistic regression analyses compared the difference in smoking desire before and after exposure of participants to smoking scenes. For male adolescents, cigarette craving was significantly higher in those who watched movies with smoking scenes than in the control group who did not view smoking scenes (t 307.96 =2.066, P<.05). In the experimental group, too, cigarette cravings of adolescents after viewing smoking scenes were significantly higher than they were before watching smoking scenes (t 161.00 =2.867, P<.01). After adjusting for covariates, more impulsive adolescents, particularly males, had significantly higher cigarette cravings: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.40 (95% CI 1.40-8.23). However, those who actively sought health information had considerably lower cigarette cravings than those who did not engage in information-seeking: aOR 0.08 (95% CI 0.01-0.88). Smoking scenes in motion pictures may increase male adolescent smoking desire. Establishing a standard that restricts the frequency of smoking scenes in films and assigning a smoking-related screening grade to films is warranted. ©Minsung Sohn, Minsoo Jung. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (http://publichealth.jmir.org), 17.07.2017.

Effect of Viewing Smoking Scenes in Motion Pictures on Subsequent Smoking Desire in Audiences in South Korea

PubMed Central

Sohn, Minsung

2017-01-01

Background In the modern era of heightened awareness of public health, smoking scenes in movies remain relatively free from public monitoring. The effect of smoking scenes in movies on the promotion of viewers’ smoking desire remains unknown. Objective The study aimed to explore whether exposure of adolescent smokers to images of smoking in fılms could stimulate smoking behavior. Methods Data were derived from a national Web-based sample survey of 748 Korean high-school students. Participants aged 16-18 years were randomly assigned to watch three short video clips with or without smoking scenes. After adjusting covariates using propensity score matching, paired sample t test and logistic regression analyses compared the difference in smoking desire before and after exposure of participants to smoking scenes. Results For male adolescents, cigarette craving was significantly higher in those who watched movies with smoking scenes than in the control group who did not view smoking scenes (t307.96=2.066, P<.05). In the experimental group, too, cigarette cravings of adolescents after viewing smoking scenes were significantly higher than they were before watching smoking scenes (t161.00=2.867, P<.01). After adjusting for covariates, more impulsive adolescents, particularly males, had significantly higher cigarette cravings: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.40 (95% CI 1.40-8.23). However, those who actively sought health information had considerably lower cigarette cravings than those who did not engage in information-seeking: aOR 0.08 (95% CI 0.01-0.88). Conclusions Smoking scenes in motion pictures may increase male adolescent smoking desire. Establishing a standard that restricts the frequency of smoking scenes in films and assigning a smoking-related screening grade to films is warranted. PMID:28716768

An Analysis of Viewpoints on Education for Responsible Consumption in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gombert-Courvoisier, Sandrine; Sennès, Vincent; Ribeyre, Francis

2014-01-01

Purpose: This paper aims to present the authors' views on education for responsible consumption (ERC) in higher education, and deals with major components to be considered to educate students for responsible consumption. Design/methodology/approach: There are three components that seem relevant for ERC in higher education: taught courses should be…

State Higher Education Budgeting Mechanisms in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mizuta, Kensuke; Yoshida, Kana; Yanagiura, Takeshi

2010-01-01

(Purpose) The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between certain characteristics of US states and their budgeting systems for higher education (HE), and to derive implications for Japanese HE budgeting policy from the results. (Methodology) The US's State Higher Education Executive Officers (SHEEO) conducted a 30-item…

Mexican Men’s View of Vasectomy

PubMed Central

Marván, Maria Luisa; Ehrenzweig, Yamilet; Hernández-Aguilera, Dianeth

2016-01-01

The present study explored the views of Mexican men concerning vasectomy. One hundred and five men who had not had a vasectomy were asked to complete the following phrase “If you no longer wanted to have more children and a vasectomy was suggested, you would react with . . . or you would think . . . ” with at least five different answers. Participants then had to rank each of their answers according to how well they describe the participant’s feelings in the hypothetical situation. The results were analyzed using the Natural Semantic Networks Technique. The most common words used by participants with a limited educational background were reject, followed by fear and anger, and they did not use any words that implied acceptance of vasectomy. In contrast, the most common words used by participants with higher education were curiosity, followed by acceptance and interest; however, they also used the words fear and insecurity. The most frequent attitudes reported by men with limited education were negative, whereas participants with a higher education reported more ambivalent attitudes. These findings are discussed in light of sociocultural features and could be helpful in designing reproductive health programs with more effective counseling to diminish negative views about vasectomy. PMID:27339767

8. DETAIL VIEW OF ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. INTERIOR VIEW SHOWING VESTIBULE. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. DETAIL VIEW OF ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. INTERIOR VIEW SHOWING VESTIBULE. VIEW TO WEST. - VA Medical Center, Aspinwall Division, Administration Building, 5103 Delafield Avenue, Aspinwall, Allegheny County, PA

A higher-order Skyrme model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gudnason, Sven Bjarke; Nitta, Muneto

2017-09-01

We propose a higher-order Skyrme model with derivative terms of eighth, tenth and twelfth order. Our construction yields simple and easy-to-interpret higher-order Lagrangians. We first show that a Skyrmion with higher-order terms proposed by Marleau has an instability in the form of a baby-Skyrmion string, while the static energies of our construction are positive definite, implying stability against time-independent perturbations. However, we also find that the Hamiltonians of our construction possess two kinds of dynamical instabilities, which may indicate the instability with respect to time-dependent perturbations. Different from the well-known Ostrogradsky instability, the instabilities that we find are intrinsically of nonlinear nature and also due to the fact that even powers of the inverse metric gives a ghost-like higher-order kinetic-like term. The vacuum state is, however, stable. Finally, we show that at sufficiently low energies, our Hamiltonians in the simplest cases, are stable against time-dependent perturbations.

Body mass index, new modes of TV viewing and active video games.

PubMed

Falbe, J; Willett, W C; Rosner, B; Field, A E

2017-10-01

Recent technologies have changed screen time. TV can be viewed anywhere, anytime. Content can be collected via digital recorders and online streaming and viewed on smartphones. Video games are no longer strictly sedentary. We sought to assess the unknown relations between new modes of TV viewing - recorded, online, downloaded and on hand-held devices - and active video games with body mass index (BMI). Cross-sectional analysis of the 2011 wave of the Growing Up Today Study 2 cohort. We used gender-specific generalized estimating equations to examine screen time and BMI among 3071 women and 2050 men aged 16-24 years. Among women, each hour/day of online TV (0.47; confidence interval [CI]: 0.12, 0.82) and total non-broadcast TV (0.37; CI: 0.14, 0.61) was associated with higher BMI, as was watching ≥ 1/2 h week -1 of TV on hand-held devices (1.04; CI: 0.32-1.77). Active video games were associated with BMI among women, but not after restricting to those not trying to lose/maintain weight. Broadcast TV was associated with higher BMI (kg m -2 ) among women and men (P < 0.05). Among women, online TV, TV viewed on hand-held devices and the sum of non-broadcast TV time were associated with higher BMI. Broadcast TV was also associated with BMI in women and men. © 2016 World Obesity Federation.

10. DETAIL VIEW OF ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. INTERIOR VIEW SHOWING SECOND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. DETAIL VIEW OF ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. INTERIOR VIEW SHOWING SECOND FLOOR CORRIDOR. VIEW TO NORTH. - VA Medical Center, Aspinwall Division, Administration Building, 5103 Delafield Avenue, Aspinwall, Allegheny County, PA

9. DETAIL VIEW OF ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. INTERIOR VIEW SHOWING FIRST ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. DETAIL VIEW OF ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. INTERIOR VIEW SHOWING FIRST FLOOR CORRIDOR. VIEW TO SOUTH. - VA Medical Center, Aspinwall Division, Administration Building, 5103 Delafield Avenue, Aspinwall, Allegheny County, PA

Synthesis of new opioid derivatives with a propellane skeleton and their pharmacologies: Part 5, novel pentacyclic propellane derivatives with a 6-amide side chain.

PubMed

Nakajima, Ryo; Yamamoto, Naoshi; Hirayama, Shigeto; Iwai, Takashi; Saitoh, Akiyoshi; Nagumo, Yasuyuki; Fujii, Hideaki; Nagase, Hiroshi

2015-10-01

We designed and synthesized pentacyclic propellane derivatives with a 6-amide side chain to afford compounds with higher MOR/KOR ratio and lower sedative effects than nalfurafine. The obtained etheno-bridged derivative with a β-amide side chain, YNT-854, showed a higher MOR/KOR ratio than nalfurafine. YNT-854 also exhibited a higher dose ratio between the sedative effect and the analgesic effect than observed with nalfurafine, which may guide the future design of useful analgesics with a weaker sedative effect than nalfurafine. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A note on derivations of Murray–von Neumann algebras

PubMed Central

Kadison, Richard V.; Liu, Zhe

2014-01-01

A Murray–von Neumann algebra is the algebra of operators affiliated with a finite von Neumann algebra. In this article, we first present a brief introduction to the theory of derivations of operator algebras from both the physical and mathematical points of view. We then describe our recent work on derivations of Murray–von Neumann algebras. We show that the “extended derivations” of a Murray–von Neumann algebra, those that map the associated finite von Neumann algebra into itself, are inner. In particular, we prove that the only derivation that maps a Murray–von Neumann algebra associated with a factor of type II1 into that factor is 0. Those results are extensions of Singer’s seminal result answering a question of Kaplansky, as applied to von Neumann algebras: The algebra may be noncommutative and may even contain unbounded elements. PMID:24469831

Diversity, Democracy, and Higher Education: A View from Three Nations--India, South Africa, the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beckham, Edgar F., Ed.

This publication includes six essays that were presented at the first of three tri-national seminars on diversity issues in higher education. The seminars brought together representatives and observers of higher education from India, South Africa, and the United States to explore the role of higher education in promoting understanding of human…

7. DETAIL VIEW OF ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. INTERIOR VIEW SHOWING VESTIBULE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. DETAIL VIEW OF ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. INTERIOR VIEW SHOWING VESTIBULE AND COPY ROOM. VIEW TO EAST. - VA Medical Center, Aspinwall Division, Administration Building, 5103 Delafield Avenue, Aspinwall, Allegheny County, PA

An intervention to reduce television viewing by preschool children.

PubMed

Dennison, Barbara A; Russo, Theresa J; Burdick, Patrick A; Jenkins, Paul L

2004-02-01

Television viewing has been associated with increased violence in play and higher rates of obesity. Although there are interventions to reduce television viewing by school-aged children, there are none for younger children. To develop and evaluate an intervention to reduce television viewing by preschool children. Randomized controlled trial conducted in 16 preschool and/or day care centers in rural upstate New York. Children aged 2.6 through 5.5 years. Children attending intervention centers received a 7-session program designed to reduce television viewing as part of a health promotion curriculum, whereas children attending the control centers received a safety and injury prevention program. Change in parent-reported child television/video viewing and measured growth variables. Before the intervention, the intervention and control groups viewed 11.9 and 14.0 h/wk of television/videos, respectively. Afterward, children in the intervention group decreased their television/video viewing 3.1 h/wk, whereas children in the control group increased their viewing by 1.6 h/wk, for an adjusted difference between the groups of -4.7 h/wk (95% confidence interval, -8.4 to -1.0 h/wk; P =.02). The percentage of children watching television/videos more than 2 h/d also decreased significantly from 33% to 18% among the intervention group, compared with an increase of 41% to 47% among the control group, for a difference of -21.5% (95% confidence interval, -42.5% to -0.5%; P =.046). There were no statistically significant differences in children's growth between groups. This study is the first to show that a preschool-based intervention can lead to reductions in young children's television/video viewing. Further research is needed to determine the long-term effects associated with reductions in young children's television viewing.

11. DETAIL VIEW OF ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. INTERIOR VIEW ON SECOND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. DETAIL VIEW OF ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. INTERIOR VIEW ON SECOND FLOOR SHOWING TYPICAL OFFICE. VIEW TO NORTHWEST. - VA Medical Center, Aspinwall Division, Administration Building, 5103 Delafield Avenue, Aspinwall, Allegheny County, PA

Binge Viewing, Sleep, and the Role of Pre-Sleep Arousal

PubMed Central

Exelmans, Liese; Van den Bulck, Jan

2017-01-01

Study Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of binge viewing, its association with sleep and examine arousal as an underlying mechanism of this association. Methods: Four hundred twenty-three adults (aged 18–25 years old, 61.9% female) completed an online survey assessing regular television viewing, binge viewing, sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), fatigue (Fatigue Assessment Scale), insomnia (Bergen Insomnia Scale), and pre-sleep arousal (Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale). Regression analyses were conducted. Mediation analysis was performed using PROCESS Macro. Results: There were 80.6% who identified themselves as a binge viewer. Among those who binge viewed (n = 341), 20.2% had binge viewed at least a few times a week during the past month. Among poor sleepers (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index > 5), 32.6% had a poor sleep quality associated with being a binge viewer. Higher binge viewing frequency was associated with a poorer sleep quality, increased fatigue and more symptoms of insomnia, whereas regular television viewing was not. Cognitive pre-sleep arousal fully mediated these relationships. Conclusions: New viewing styles such as binge viewing are increasingly prevalent and may pose a threat to sleep. Increased cognitive arousal functions as the mechanism explaining these effects. Measures of media exposure should take into account the user's level of engagement with media. Interventions aimed at (1) alerting viewers about excessive viewing duration and (2) reducing arousal before sleep may be useful ways to tackle sleep problems in binge viewers. Citation: Exelmans L, Van den Bulck J. Binge viewing, sleep, and the role of pre-sleep arousal. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017;13(8):1001–1008. PMID:28728618

Contextual view of Johnson Ranch. Structures viewed from left to ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Contextual view of Johnson Ranch. Structures viewed from left to right; shop, barn 2 silo, residence, garage and residence 1, view to west. - Nunes Dairy, 9854 Bruceville Road, Elk Grove, Sacramento County, CA

Trends and Dangers of Increased Bureaucracy in Higher Education: A View from Below.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daalder, Hans

1985-01-01

Several trends in European university administration intended to improve higher education are cited as causes for concern: trends away from academic and toward corporate style administration, toward separate research institutions, away from competitive selection for academics, toward peer review, and toward increased diversity among institutions.…

Views on Multilingualism and Internationalisation in Higher Education: Administrative Staff in the Spotlight

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Llurda, Enric; Cots, Josep M.; Armengol, Lurdes

2014-01-01

The key role of administrative staff in the implementation of specific institutional policies at university has often been ignored when analysing policies or attitudes related to higher education. Consequently, little is known about the administrative staff's attitudes and involvement relating to the processes of internationalisation and…

Discovery of new anticancer agents from higher plants

PubMed Central

Pan, Li; Chai, Hee-Byung; Kinghorn, A. Douglas

2012-01-01

1. ABSTRACT Small organic molecules derived from higher plants have been one of the mainstays of cancer chemotherapy for approximately the past half a century. In the present review, selected single chemical entity natural products of plant origin and their semi-synthetic derivatives currently in clinical trials are featured as examples of new cancer chemotherapeutic drug candidates. Several more recently isolated compounds obtained from plants showing promising in vivo biological activity are also discussed in terms of their potential as anticancer agents, with many of these obtained from species that grow in tropical regions. Since extracts of only a relatively small proportion of the ca. 300,000 higher plants on earth have been screened biologically to date, bioactive compounds from plants should play an important role in future anticancer drug discovery efforts. PMID:22202049

Concept development for the ITER equatorial port visible/infrared wide angle viewing system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reichle, R.; Beaumont, B.; Boilson, D.

2012-10-15

The ITER equatorial port visible/infrared wide angle viewing system concept is developed from the measurement requirements. The proposed solution situates 4 viewing systems in the equatorial ports 3, 9, 12, and 17 with 4 views each (looking at the upper target, the inner divertor, and tangentially left and right). This gives sufficient coverage. The spatial resolution of the divertor system is 2 times higher than the other views. For compensation of vacuum-vessel movements, an optical hinge concept is proposed. Compactness and low neutron streaming is achieved by orienting port plug doglegs horizontally. Calibration methods, risks, and R and D topicsmore » are outlined.« less

Morning view, contextual view showing the road and gate to ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Morning view, contextual view showing the road and gate to be widened; view taken from the statue area with the camera facing north. - Beaufort National Cemetery, Wall, 1601 Boundary Street, Beaufort, Beaufort County, SC

Educational Approaches to Entrepreneurship in Higher Education: A View from the Swedish Horizon

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoppe, Magnus; Westerberg, Mats; Leffler, Eva

2017-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present and develop models of educational approaches to entrepreneurship that can provide complementary analytical structures to better study, enact and reflect upon the role of entrepreneurship in higher education. Design/methodology/approach A general framework for entrepreneurship education is developed…

Quality Research in Higher Education Institutions in Oman: Some Views of Teacher Researchers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Al Ajmi, Ahmed Ali Saleh

2015-01-01

Academic research remains a prime source of knowledge and innovation for higher education institutions (HEIs) that strive to grow, expand and develop their academic reputations and standards. Yet, research informs teaching practices, shapes social changes and it has financial outcomes for HEIs. Therefore, it is imperative to develop institutional…

An analytically based numerical method for computing view factors in real urban environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Doo-Il; Woo, Ju-Wan; Lee, Sang-Hyun

2018-01-01

A view factor is an important morphological parameter used in parameterizing in-canyon radiative energy exchange process as well as in characterizing local climate over urban environments. For realistic representation of the in-canyon radiative processes, a complete set of view factors at the horizontal and vertical surfaces of urban facets is required. Various analytical and numerical methods have been suggested to determine the view factors for urban environments, but most of the methods provide only sky-view factor at the ground level of a specific location or assume simplified morphology of complex urban environments. In this study, a numerical method that can determine the sky-view factors ( ψ ga and ψ wa ) and wall-view factors ( ψ gw and ψ ww ) at the horizontal and vertical surfaces is presented for application to real urban morphology, which are derived from an analytical formulation of the view factor between two blackbody surfaces of arbitrary geometry. The established numerical method is validated against the analytical sky-view factor estimation for ideal street canyon geometries, showing a consolidate confidence in accuracy with errors of less than 0.2 %. Using a three-dimensional building database, the numerical method is also demonstrated to be applicable in determining the sky-view factors at the horizontal (roofs and roads) and vertical (walls) surfaces in real urban environments. The results suggest that the analytically based numerical method can be used for the radiative process parameterization of urban numerical models as well as for the characterization of local urban climate.

Dual view FIDA measurements on MAST

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Michael, C. A.; Conway, N.; Crowley, B.; Jones, O.; Heidbrink, W. W.; Pinches, S.; Braeken, E.; Akers, R.; Challis, C.; Turnyanskiy, M.; Patel, A.; Muir, D.; Gaffka, R.; Bailey, S.

2013-09-01

A fast-ion deuterium alpha (FIDA) spectrometer was installed on MAST to measure radially resolved information about the fast-ion density and its distribution in energy and pitch angle. Toroidally and vertically directed collection lenses are employed, to detect both passing and trapped particle dynamics, and reference views are installed to subtract the background. This background is found to contain a substantial amount of passive FIDA emission driven by edge neutrals, and to depend delicately on viewing geometry. Results are compared with theoretical expectations based on the codes NUBEAM (for fast-ion distributions) and FIDASIM. Calibrating via the measured beam emission peaks, the toroidal FIDA signal profile agrees with classical simulations in magnetohydrodynamic quiescent discharges where the neutron rate is also classical. Long-lived modes (LLMs) and chirping modes decrease the core FIDA signal significantly, and the profile can be matched closely to simulations using anomalous diffusive transport; a spatially uniform diffusion coefficient is sufficient for chirping modes, while a core localized diffusion is better for a LLM. Analysis of a discharge with chirping mode activity shows a dramatic drop in the core FIDA signal and rapid increase in the edge passive signal at the onset of the burst indicating a very rapid redistribution towards the edge. Vertical-viewing measurements show a discrepancy with simulations at higher Doppler shifts when the neutron rate is classical, which, combined with the fact that the toroidal signals agree, means that the difference must be occurring for pitch angles near the trapped-passing boundary, although uncertainties in the background subtraction, which are difficult to assess, may contribute to this. Further evidence of an anomalous transport mechanism for these particles is provided by the fact that an increase of beam power does not increase the higher energy vertical FIDA signals, while the toroidal signals do increase.

Using Generational Theory to Rethink Teaching in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buskirk-Cohen, Allison A.; Duncan, Tisha A.; Levicoff, Margaret

2016-01-01

This paper reviews the literature on emerging adulthood with a focus on the implications of generational theory on teaching and learning in higher education. During the past 15 years, researchers have described personality traits, attitudes, and behaviors of emerging adults. Two very different views have emerged: one that is prosocial, citing…

Higher Education Research & Development, Volume 3, Number 1, 1984.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Powell, J. P., Ed.

Seven articles on higher education in Australia are presented, along with two review articles. "Operation Bootstrap--Reflections of a Staff Developer" (Colin Flood Page) offers views on various aspects of college learning and teaching. Findings of a study on student learning through essay-writing are presented in "Essay Planning and…

Assessing Quality and Evaluating Performance in Higher Education: Worlds Apart or Complementary Views?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sarrico, Claudia S.; Rosa, Maria J.; Teixeira, Pedro N.; Cardoso, Margarida F.

2010-01-01

This paper reflects on quality assessment and performance evaluation in higher education, namely by analysing the insufficient link between those two aspects. We start by reviewing the current state of the art regarding different processes and mechanisms of quality assessment and performance evaluation and discuss some of the major issues…

TOPOGRAPHIC VIEW THE STATE FORESTER'S COMPLEX, VIEW LOOKING SOUTH FROM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

TOPOGRAPHIC VIEW THE STATE FORESTER'S COMPLEX, VIEW LOOKING SOUTH FROM STATE STREET, WITH THE NATIONAL REGISTER-LISTED OREGON STATE FORESTER'S OFFICE BUILDING TO THE LEFT OF VIEW. - Oregon State Forester's Office Complex, 2600 State Street, Salem, Marion, OR

SU-C-206-07: A Practical Sparse View Ultra-Low Dose CT Acquisition Scheme for PET Attenuation Correction in the Extended Scan Field-Of-View

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Miao, J; Fan, J; Gopinatha Pillai, A

Purpose: To further reduce CT dose, a practical sparse-view acquisition scheme is proposed to provide the same attenuation estimation as higher dose for PET imaging in the extended scan field-of-view. Methods: CT scans are often used for PET attenuation correction and can be acquired at very low CT radiation dose. Low dose techniques often employ low tube voltage/current accompanied with a smooth filter before backprojection to reduce CT image noise. These techniques can introduce bias in the conversion from HU to attenuation values, especially in the extended CT scan field-of-view (FOV). In this work, we propose an ultra-low dose CTmore » technique for PET attenuation correction based on sparse-view acquisition. That is, instead of an acquisition of full amount of views, only a fraction of views are acquired. We tested this technique on a 64-slice GE CT scanner using multiple phantoms. CT scan FOV truncation completion was performed based on the published water-cylinder extrapolation algorithm. A number of continuous views per rotation: 984 (full), 246, 123, 82 and 62 have been tested, corresponding to a CT dose reduction of none, 4x, 8x, 12x and 16x. We also simulated sparse-view acquisition by skipping views from the fully-acquired view data. Results: FBP reconstruction with Q. AC filter on reduced views in the full extended scan field-of-view possesses similar image quality to the reconstruction on acquired full view data. The results showed a further potential for dose reduction compared to the full acquisition, without sacrificing any significant attenuation support to the PET. Conclusion: With the proposed sparse-view method, one can potential achieve at least 2x more CT dose reduction compared to the current Ultra-Low Dose (ULD) PET/CT protocol. A pre-scan based dose modulation scheme can be combined with the above sparse-view approaches, which can even further reduce the CT scan dose during a PET/CT exam.« less

Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism in Higher Education and the Labor Market in Georgia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orkodashvili, Mariam

2011-01-01

This article offers a new approach to conceptualizing the limited affordability and access to higher education for socioeconomically disadvantaged students in Georgia. Unlike most traditional views, it associates the issue with corruption, collusion, and nepotism existent in the country's higher education, job market, and banking system. It argues…

Constraints on higher spin CFT2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Afkhami-Jeddi, Nima; Colville, Kale; Hartman, Thomas; Maloney, Alexander; Perlmutter, Eric

2018-05-01

We derive constraints on two-dimensional conformal field theories with higher spin symmetry due to unitarity, modular invariance, and causality. We focus on CFTs with W_N symmetry in the "irrational" regime, where c > N - 1 and the theories have an infinite number of higher-spin primaries. The most powerful constraints come from positivity of the Kac matrix, which (unlike the Virasoro case) is non-trivial even when c > N - 1. This places a lower bound on the dimension of any non-vacuum higher-spin primary state, which is linear in the central charge. At large c, this implies that the dual holographic theories of gravity in AdS3, if they exist, have no local, perturbative degrees of freedom in the semi-classical limit.

The potential of tumor-derived exosomes for noninvasive cancer monitoring

PubMed Central

Whiteside, Theresa L.

2016-01-01

Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) are emerging as a new type of cancer biomarker. TEXs are membrane-bound, virus-size vesicles of endocytic origin present in all body fluids of cancer patients. Based on the expanding albeit incomplete knowledge of their biogenesis, secretion by tumor cells and cancer cell-specific molecular and genetic contents, TEXs are viewed as promising, clinically-relevant surrogates of cancer progression and response to therapy. Preliminary proteomic, genetic and functional profiling of tumor cell-derived or cancer plasma-derived exosomes confirms their unique characteristics. Alterations in protein or nucleic acid profiles of exosomes in plasma of cancer patients responding to therapies appear to correlate with clinical endpoints. However, methods for TEX isolation and separation from the bulk of human plasma-derived exosomes are not yet established and their role as biomarkers remains to be confirmed. Further development and validation of TEXs as noninvasive, liquid equivalents of tumor biopsies are necessary to move this effort forward. PMID:26289602

The potential of tumor-derived exosomes for noninvasive cancer monitoring.

PubMed

Whiteside, Theresa L

2015-01-01

Tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) are emerging as a new type of cancer biomarker. TEX are membrane-bound, virus-size vesicles of endocytic origin present in all body fluids of cancer patients. Based on the expanding albeit incomplete knowledge of their biogenesis, secretion by tumor cells and cancer cell-specific molecular and genetic contents, TEX are viewed as promising, clinically-relevant surrogates of cancer progression and response to therapy. Preliminary proteomic, genetic and functional profiling of tumor cell-derived or cancer plasma-derived exosomes confirms their unique characteristics. Alterations in protein or nucleic acid profiles of exosomes in plasma of cancer patients responding to therapies appear to correlate with clinical endpoints. However, methods for TEX isolation and separation from the bulk of human plasma-derived exosomes are not yet established and their role as biomarkers remains to be confirmed. Further development and validation of TEX as noninvasive, liquid equivalents of tumor biopsies are necessary to move this effort forward.

Multi-view L2-SVM and its multi-view core vector machine.

PubMed

Huang, Chengquan; Chung, Fu-lai; Wang, Shitong

2016-03-01

In this paper, a novel L2-SVM based classifier Multi-view L2-SVM is proposed to address multi-view classification tasks. The proposed Multi-view L2-SVM classifier does not have any bias in its objective function and hence has the flexibility like μ-SVC in the sense that the number of the yielded support vectors can be controlled by a pre-specified parameter. The proposed Multi-view L2-SVM classifier can make full use of the coherence and the difference of different views through imposing the consensus among multiple views to improve the overall classification performance. Besides, based on the generalized core vector machine GCVM, the proposed Multi-view L2-SVM classifier is extended into its GCVM version MvCVM which can realize its fast training on large scale multi-view datasets, with its asymptotic linear time complexity with the sample size and its space complexity independent of the sample size. Our experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed Multi-view L2-SVM classifier for small scale multi-view datasets and the proposed MvCVM classifier for large scale multi-view datasets. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sparse-View Ultrasound Diffraction Tomography Using Compressed Sensing with Nonuniform FFT

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Accurate reconstruction of the object from sparse-view sampling data is an appealing issue for ultrasound diffraction tomography (UDT). In this paper, we present a reconstruction method based on compressed sensing framework for sparse-view UDT. Due to the piecewise uniform characteristics of anatomy structures, the total variation is introduced into the cost function to find a more faithful sparse representation of the object. The inverse problem of UDT is iteratively resolved by conjugate gradient with nonuniform fast Fourier transform. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method that the main characteristics of the object can be properly presented with only 16 views. Compared to interpolation and multiband method, the proposed method can provide higher resolution and lower artifacts with the same view number. The robustness to noise and the computation complexity are also discussed. PMID:24868241

13. Interior view, grain tanks (bins). Barrel view of overhead ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. Interior view, grain tanks (bins). Barrel view of overhead (fill) conveyor gallery bridge extending through tops of tanks just below roofs. Grain tripper straddles belt conveyor at mid-view. - Saint Anthony Elevator No. 3, 620 Malcom Avenue, Southeast, Minneapolis, Hennepin County, MN

Delivering Instruction via Streaming Media: A Higher Education Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mortensen, Mark; Schlieve, Paul; Young, Jon

2000-01-01

Describes streaming media, an audio/video presentation that is delivered across a network so that it is viewed while being downloaded onto the user's computer, including a continuous stream of video that can be pre-recorded or live. Discusses its use for nontraditional students in higher education and reports on implementation experiences. (LRW)

Derivation of Einstein-Cartan theory from general relativity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petti, Richard

2015-04-01

General relativity cannot describe exchange of classical intrinsic angular momentum and orbital angular momentum. Einstein-Cartan theory fixes this problem in the least invasive way. In the late 20th century, the consensus view was that Einstein-Cartan theory requires inclusion of torsion without adequate justification, it has no empirical support (though it doesn't conflict with any known evidence), it solves no important problem, and it complicates gravitational theory with no compensating benefit. In 1986 the author published a derivation of Einstein-Cartan theory from general relativity, with no additional assumptions or parameters. Starting without torsion, Poincaré symmetry, classical or quantum spin, or spinors, it derives torsion and its relation to spin from a continuum limit of general relativistic solutions. The present work makes the case that this computation, combined with supporting arguments, constitutes a derivation of Einstein-Cartan theory from general relativity, not just a plausibility argument. This paper adds more and simpler explanations, more computational details, correction of a factor of 2, discussion of limitations of the derivation, and discussion of some areas of gravitational research where Einstein-Cartan theory is relevant.

Excessive sitting at work and at home: Correlates of occupational sitting and TV viewing time in working adults.

PubMed

Hadgraft, Nyssa T; Lynch, Brigid M; Clark, Bronwyn K; Healy, Genevieve N; Owen, Neville; Dunstan, David W

2015-09-15

Recent evidence links sedentary behaviour (or too much sitting) with poorer health outcomes; many adults accumulate the majority of their daily sitting time through occupational sitting and TV viewing. To further the development and targeting of evidence-based strategies there is a need for identification of the factors associated with higher levels of these behaviours. This study examined socio-demographic and health-related correlates of occupational sitting and of combined high levels of occupational sitting/TV viewing time amongst working adults. Participants were attendees of the third wave (2011/12) of the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study who worked full-time (≥35 h/week; n = 1,235; 38 % women; mean ± SD age 53 ± 7 years). Logistic and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted (separately for women and men) to assess cross-sectional associations of self-reported occupational sitting time (categorised as high/low based on the median) and also the combination of occupational sitting time/TV viewing time (high/low for each outcome), with a number of potential socio-demographic and health-related correlates. Higher levels of occupational sitting (>6 h/day) were associated with higher household income for both genders. Lower levels of occupational sitting were associated with being older (women only); and, for men only, having a blue collar occupation, having a technical/vocational educational attainment, and undertaking more leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). Attributes associated with high levels of both occupational sitting and TV viewing time included white collar occupation (men only), lower levels of LTPA (both genders), higher BMI (men), and higher energy consumption (women). Higher household income (both genders) and professional/managerial occupations (men only) were correlates of high occupational sitting time, relative to low occupational sitting time, while health-related factors (lower LTPA, higher BMI

Factors influencing the television viewing practices of Indian children.

PubMed

Ravikiran, S R; Baliga, B Shantharam; Jain, Animesh; Kotian, M Shashidhar

2014-02-01

.41(0.23-0.72), P = 0.002]; need of permission to switch on television [OR = 0.31(0.18-0.53), P < 0.001] and a higher maternal education [OR = 0.29 (0.14-0.59), P = 0.001]. Lower maternal education, increased maternal television usage, presence of television in bedroom resulted in harmful television viewing practices among Indian children. The parental rules that were effective in countering these were the rule on content viewed and needing parental permission to switch on television.

68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT-derived metabolic parameters for determination of whole-body tumor burden and treatment response in prostate cancer.

PubMed

Schmidkonz, Christian; Cordes, Michael; Schmidt, Daniela; Bäuerle, Tobias; Goetz, Theresa Ida; Beck, Michael; Prante, Olaf; Cavallaro, Alexander; Uder, Michael; Wullich, Bernd; Goebell, Peter; Kuwert, Torsten; Ritt, Philipp

2018-05-03

We aimed at evaluating the role of 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT-derived metabolic parameters for assessment of whole-body tumor burden and its capability to determine therapeutic response in patients with prostate cancer. A total of 142 patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer underwent PET/CT with [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC ( 68 Ga-PSMA-11). Quantitative assessment of all 641 68 Ga-PSMA-11-positive lesions in the field of view was performed to calculate PSMA-derived parameters, including whole-body PSMA tumor volume (PSMA-TV) and whole-body total lesion PSMA (TL-PSMA), as well as the established SUVmax and SUVmean values. All PET-derived parameters were tested for correlation with serum PSA levels and for association with Gleason scores. In 23 patients who underwent 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT before and after therapy with either external beam radiation, androgen deprivation, or docetaxel chemotherapy, SUVmax and TL-PSMA were compared to radiographic response assessment of CT images based on RECIST 1.1 criteria and to biochemical response determined by changes of serum PSA levels. PSMA-TV and TL-PSMA demonstrated a significant correlation with serum PSA levels (P < 0.0001) and TL-PSMA was significantly different for different Gleason scores. The agreement rate between TL-PSMA derived from PET and biochemical response was 87% (95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.97; Cohen's κ = 0.78; P < 0.01) and, thus, higher than for SUVmax, which was 74% (95% CI, 0.52-0.90; κ = 0.55; P < 0.01). Furthermore, agreement with PSA was higher for TL-PSMA and SUVmax than for CT-based response evaluation. Discordant findings between PET and CT were most likely due to limitations of CT and RECIST in rating small lymph nodes as metastases, as well as bone involvement, which was sometimes not detectable in CT. 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT-derived metabolic tumor parameters showed promising results for evaluation of treatment response. Especially, TL-PSMA demonstrated higher agreement

Social support may buffer the effect of intrafamilial stressors on preschool children's television viewing time in low-income families.

PubMed

Li, Kaigang; Jurkowski, Janine M; Davison, Kirsten K

2013-12-01

Excessive television (TV) viewing in preschool children has been linked to negative outcomes during childhood, including childhood obesity. In a sample of low-income families, this study examined associations between intrafamilial factors and preschool children's TV-viewing time and the moderating effect of social support from nonfamily members on this association. In 2010, 129 mothers/female guardians of 2- to 5-year-old children enrolled at five Head Start centers in Rensselaer County, New York, completed a self-report survey. The survey assessed child TV-viewing time (including TV, DVDs, and videos) and intrafamilial risk factors, including maternal perceived stress, depressive symptoms, TV viewing, leisure-time physical activity (inactivity), and family functioning. Social support from nonfamily members (nonfamily social support) was also measured and examined as an effect modifier. Children watched TV an average of 160 minutes per day. Moderate depressive symptoms (Personal Health Questionnaire depression scale scores ≥10), higher perceived stress, poorer family functioning, and higher maternal TV-viewing were significantly and independently associated with greater minutes of child TV viewing, controlling for covariates. In all instances, nonfamily social support moderated these associations, such that negative experiences within the family environment were linked with higher child TV-viewing time under conditions of low nonfamily social support, but not high nonfamily support. Social support from nonfamily members may buffer potentially negative effects of intrafamilial factors on preschool children's TV-viewing time.

Historically Black Colleges and University Students' and Faculties' Views of School Psychology: Implications for Increasing Diversity in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Graves, Scott L., Jr.; Wright, Lynda Brown

2009-01-01

This study investigates Historically Black Colleges and University (HBCU) students' and faculties' knowledge related to school psychology. A total of 165 students and 14 faculty members completed inventories that assessed the understanding and views of various psychological disciplines. Results indicated that HBCU students rated their perceived…

The Changing Role of State Appropriations for Higher Education: An Econometric Analysis from 1985-2008

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mushrush, Christopher E.

2013-01-01

Traditionally, public funding of higher education has been viewed as cyclical, where support falls during times of economic downturn and then recovers as the economy improves. This view, however, is being challenged as budgetary shortfalls are becoming more common for states, even in times of economic growth, due to structural constraints. Using…

Causes of Death Associated With Prolonged TV Viewing

PubMed Central

Keadle, Sarah K.; Moore, Steven C.; Sampson, Joshua N.; Xiao, Qian; Albanes, Demetrius; Matthews, Charles E.

2015-01-01

Introduction TV viewing is the most prevalent sedentary behavior and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality, but the association with other leading causes of death is unknown. This study examined the association between TV viewing and leading causes of death in the U.S. Methods A prospective cohort of 221,426 individuals (57% male) aged 50–71 years who were free of chronic disease at baseline (1995–1996), 93% white, with an average BMI of 26.7 (SD=4.4) kg/m2 were included. Participants self-reported TV viewing at baseline and were followed until death or December 31, 2011. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for TV viewing and cause-specific mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Analyses were conducted in 2014–2015. Results After an average follow-up of 14.1 years, adjusted mortality risk for a 2-hour/day increase in TV viewing was significantly higher for the following causes of death (HR [95% CI]): cancer (1.07 [1.03, 1.11); heart disease (1.23 [1.17, 1.29]); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.28 [1.14, 1.43]); diabetes (1.56 [1.33, 1.83]); influenza/pneumonia (1.24 [1.02, 1.50]); Parkinson disease (1.35 [1.11, 1.65]); liver disease (1.33 [1.05, 1.67]); and suicide (1.43 [1.10, 1.85]. Mortality associations persisted in stratified analyses with important potential confounders, reducing causation concerns. Conclusions This study shows the breadth of mortality outcomes associated with prolonged TV viewing, and identifies novel associations for several leading causes of death. TV viewing is a prevalent discretionary behavior that may be a more important target for public health intervention than previously recognized. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00340015 PMID:26215832

HUBBLE'S DEEPEST VIEW OF THE UNIVERSE

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

[Left] A NASA Hubble Space Telescope view of the faintest galaxies ever seen in the universe, taken in infrared light with the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS). The picture contains over 300 galaxies having spiral, elliptical and irregular shapes. Though most of these galaxies were first seen in 1995 when Hubble was used to take a visible-light deep exposure of the same field, NICMOS uncovers many new objects. Most of these objects are too small and faint to be apparent in the full field NICMOS view. Some of the reddest and faintest of the newly detected objects may be over 12 billion light-years away, as derived from a standard model of the universe. However, a powerful new generation of telescopes will be needed to confirm the suspected distances of these objects. The field of view is 2 million light-years across, at its maximum. Yet, on a cosmic scale, it represents only a thin pencil beam look across the universe. The area of sky is merely 1/100th the apparent diameter on the full moon. [Right] Two close-up NICMOS views of candidate objects which may be over 12 billion light-years away. Each candidate is centered in the frame. The reddish color may mean all of the starlight has been stretched to infrared wavelengths by the universe's expansion. Alternative explanations are that the objects are closer to us, but the light has been reddened by dust scattering. A new generation of telescopes will be needed to make follow-up observations capable of establishing true distance. The image was taken in January 1998 and required an exposure time of 36 hours to detect objects down to 30th magnitude. Hubble was aimed in the direction of the constellation Ursa Major, in a region just above the handle of the Big Dipper. The color corresponds to blue (0.45 microns), green (1.1 microns) and red (1.6 microns). Credit: Rodger I. Thompson (University of Arizona), and NASA

Immunoglobulins: Benefits and risks from the patient's point of view.

PubMed

Revol, Bruno; Bickert, Laura; Sarrot-Reynauld, Françoise; Allenet, Benoit

2017-12-01

Patients have to be informed about the risks and benefits of medicinal products derived from human plasma. No study has examined the patient's perspective yet. Our objective was to assess perceived benefits and risks of immunoglobulins administration from the patient's point of view. Thirty-four patients receiving subcutaneous or intravenous immunoglobulins for chronic disorders at a single university hospital were asked to complete a survey. Although the level of comfort was high, the results revealed variable and incomplete knowledge, in particular about the nature of the treatment. Greater efforts should be made by health professionals to provide information to patients about plasma-derived medicinal products. Copyright © 2017 Société française de pharmacologie et de thérapeutique. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Fit5Kids TV reduction program and Latino preschoolers' TV viewing behaviors: A pilot cluster RCT

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Excessive television (TV) viewing has been associated with a greater risk of childhood obesity. Latino children watch higher amounts of TV than their peers and are disproportionately affected by childhood obesity. Since TV viewing and obesity track from preschool into adolescence, early intervention...

The effect of viewing distance on observer performance in skeletal radiographs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Butler, M. L.; Lowe, J.; Toomey, R. J.; Maher, M.; Evanoff, M. E.; Rainford, L.

2013-03-01

A number of different viewing distances are recommended by international agencies, however none with specific reference to radiologist performance. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the extent to which radiologists performance is affected by viewing distance on softcopy skeletal reporting. Eighty dorsi-palmar (DP) wrist radiographs, of which half feature 1 or more fractures, were viewed by seven observers at 2 viewing distances, 30cm and 70cm. Observers rated the images as normal or not on a scale of 1 to 5 and could mark multiple locations on the images when they visualised a fracture. Viewing distance was measured from the centre of the face plate to the outer canthus of the eye. The DBM MRM analysis showed no statistically significant differences between the area under the curve for the two distances (p = 0.482). The JAFROC analysis, however, demonstrated a statistically significantly higher area under the curve with the 30cm viewing distance than with the 70 cm distance (p = 0.035). This suggests that while observers were able to make decisions about whether an image contained a fracture or not equally well at both viewing distances, they may have been less reliable in terms of fracture localisation or detection of multiple fractures. The impact of viewing distance warrants further attention from both clinical and scientific perspectives.

Hearing the Voices of Disabled Students in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vickerman, Philip; Blundell, Milly

2010-01-01

Since the return of the Labour government to power in the UK in 1997 issues of social inclusion have risen up the political and statutory agenda within higher education (HE). This study reports the findings of disabled students lived experiences and views of transition from induction through to employability within one HE institution. The study…

The Leadership Conundrum: Leadership Development Perspectives in Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walker, David A.

This paper presents the views of three leaders in the field of higher education on various aspects of the role of leadership in today's colleges and universities. Dave Ambler of the University of Kansas notes that the traditional leadership style, which he refers to as the "plastic president," produces leaders who become combinations of…

Kinetic Theory Derivation of the Adiabatic Law for Ideal Gases.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sobel, Michael I.

1980-01-01

Discusses how the adiabatic law for ideal gases can be derived from the assumption of a Maxwell-Boltzmann (or any other) distribution of velocities--in contrast to the usual derivations from thermodynamics alone, and the higher-order effect that leads to one-body viscosity. An elementary derivation of the adiabatic law is given. (Author/DS)

A Systematic Literature Review of Funding for Higher Education Institutions in Developed Countries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhang, Qilong; Ning, Kang; Barnes, Ruth

2016-01-01

Resource allocation and funding in higher education is crucial to the success of reform and transformation of our higher education system. With a view to identifying trends and best practices in the area, utilizing a method of systematic literature review, we have critically reviewed relevant theories and practices from developed counties that are…

BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF THE COMPLEX, VIEW LOOKING NORTHWEST, WITH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF THE COMPLEX, VIEW LOOKING NORTHWEST, WITH THE FOREST PRACTICES BUILDING IN THE FOREGROUND, THE K.O.G. BUILDING TO THE RIGHT OF VIEW, AND THE BRIDGE AND THE OREGON STATE FORESTER'S OFFICE BUILDING IN THE BACKGROUND. - Oregon State Forester's Office Complex, 2600 State Street, Salem, Marion, OR

Evaluative Processing of Food Images: A Conditional Role for Viewing in Preference Formation

PubMed Central

Wolf, Alexandra; Ounjai, Kajornvut; Takahashi, Muneyoshi; Kobayashi, Shunsuke; Matsuda, Tetsuya; Lauwereyns, Johan

2018-01-01

Previous research suggested a role of gaze in preference formation, not merely as an expression of preference, but also as a causal influence. According to the gaze cascade hypothesis, the longer subjects look at an item, the more likely they are to develop a preference for it. However, to date the connection between viewing and liking has been investigated predominately with self-paced viewing conditions in which the subjects were required to select certain items from simultaneously presented stimuli on the basis of perceived visual attractiveness. Such conditions might promote a default, but non-mandatory connection between viewing and liking. To explore whether the connection is separable, we examined the evaluative processing of single naturalistic food images in a 2 × 2 design, conducted completely within subjects, in which we varied both the type of exposure (self-paced versus time-controlled) and the type of evaluation (non-exclusive versus exclusive). In the self-paced exclusive evaluation, longer viewing was associated with a higher likelihood of a positive evaluation. However, in the self-paced non-exclusive evaluation, the trend reversed such that longer viewing durations were associated with lesser ratings. Furthermore, in the time-controlled tasks, both with non-exclusive and exclusive evaluation, there was no significant relationship between the viewing duration and the evaluation. The overall pattern of results was consistent for viewing times measured in terms of exposure duration (i.e., the duration of stimulus presentation on the screen) and in terms of actual gaze duration (i.e., the amount of time the subject effectively gazed at the stimulus on the screen). The data indicated that viewing does not intrinsically lead to a higher evaluation when evaluating single food images; instead, the relationship between viewing duration and evaluation depends on the type of task. We suggest that self-determination of exposure duration may be a prerequisite

Evaluative Processing of Food Images: A Conditional Role for Viewing in Preference Formation.

PubMed

Wolf, Alexandra; Ounjai, Kajornvut; Takahashi, Muneyoshi; Kobayashi, Shunsuke; Matsuda, Tetsuya; Lauwereyns, Johan

2018-01-01

Previous research suggested a role of gaze in preference formation, not merely as an expression of preference, but also as a causal influence. According to the gaze cascade hypothesis, the longer subjects look at an item, the more likely they are to develop a preference for it. However, to date the connection between viewing and liking has been investigated predominately with self-paced viewing conditions in which the subjects were required to select certain items from simultaneously presented stimuli on the basis of perceived visual attractiveness. Such conditions might promote a default, but non-mandatory connection between viewing and liking. To explore whether the connection is separable, we examined the evaluative processing of single naturalistic food images in a 2 × 2 design, conducted completely within subjects, in which we varied both the type of exposure (self-paced versus time-controlled) and the type of evaluation (non-exclusive versus exclusive). In the self-paced exclusive evaluation, longer viewing was associated with a higher likelihood of a positive evaluation. However, in the self-paced non-exclusive evaluation, the trend reversed such that longer viewing durations were associated with lesser ratings. Furthermore, in the time-controlled tasks, both with non-exclusive and exclusive evaluation, there was no significant relationship between the viewing duration and the evaluation. The overall pattern of results was consistent for viewing times measured in terms of exposure duration (i.e., the duration of stimulus presentation on the screen) and in terms of actual gaze duration (i.e., the amount of time the subject effectively gazed at the stimulus on the screen). The data indicated that viewing does not intrinsically lead to a higher evaluation when evaluating single food images; instead, the relationship between viewing duration and evaluation depends on the type of task. We suggest that self-determination of exposure duration may be a prerequisite

Discourses of Change Ownership in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boxer, Lionel

2005-01-01

Purpose: This paper demonstrates how the positioning of self and others affects change in higher education. Design/methodology/approach: The discourse of various educators was collected during various interviews and discussion groups. A positioning theory framework was used to analyse the data and derive conclusions. Findings: It is shown that if…

misr_view

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-03-21

... data files,  misr_view , was developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. misr_view, which includes a User's Guide, is available ... Processing Applications and Development Section at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.   ...

The effects of views of nature on autonomic control.

PubMed

Gladwell, V F; Brown, D K; Barton, J L; Tarvainen, M P; Kuoppa, P; Pretty, J; Suddaby, J M; Sandercock, G R H

2012-09-01

Previously studies have shown that nature improves mood and self-esteem and reduces blood pressure. Walking within a natural environment has been suggested to alter autonomic nervous system control, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive method of assessing autonomic control and can give an insight into vagal modulation. Our hypothesis was that viewing nature alone within a controlled laboratory environment would induce higher levels of HRV as compared to built scenes. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured during viewing different scenes in a controlled environment. HRV was used to investigate alterations in autonomic activity, specifically parasympathetic activity. Each participant lay in the semi-supine position in a laboratory while we recorded 5 min (n = 29) of ECG, BP and respiration as they viewed two collections of slides (one containing nature views and the other built scenes). During viewing of nature, markers of parasympathetic activity were increased in both studies. Root mean squared of successive differences increased 4.2 ± 7.7 ms (t = 2.9, p = 0.008) and natural logarithm of high frequency increased 0.19 ± 0.36 ms(2) Hz(-1) (t = 2.9, p = 0.007) as compared to built scenes. Mean HR and BP were not significantly altered. This study provides evidence that autonomic control of the heart is altered by the simple act of just viewing natural scenes with an increase in vagal activity.

Morning view, contextual view showing the role of the brick ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Morning view, contextual view showing the role of the brick walls along the boundary of the cemetery; interior view taken from midway down the paved west road with the camera facing west to capture the morning light on the west wall. - Beaufort National Cemetery, Wall, 1601 Boundary Street, Beaufort, Beaufort County, SC

Externalizing behaviors and television viewing in children of low-income minority parents.

PubMed

Gupta, V B; Nwosa, N M; Nadel, T A; Inamdar, S

2001-06-01

The parents of 151 children, ages 4-16 years, attending the pediatric outpatient clinic of an urban hospital were surveyed to determine if aggressive behavior among children of low literacy and low-income parents is related to excessive television viewing or to sociological variables such as ethnicity/race, education, occupation, and parents' marital status. The survey consisted of 22 questions about the ethnicity, marital status, education, and occupation of the parent, the television viewing behavior of the child, and the externalizing behavior scale of the Child Behavior Checklist of Achenbach (CBC). The television viewing habits of children in this study were not significantly different from viewing habits reported in national surveys of the US population. T scores in the aggression scale of CBC were unrelated to the hours of television watched by children and the control of viewing by the parent but were significantly associated with the employment and marital status of the mother. Children of unemployed and single mothers had higher externalizing-behavior scores, suggesting that family ecological variables may have more influence on children's behavior than the duration of television viewing.

Students' Views About Potentially Offering Physics Courses Online

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramlo, Susan E.

2016-06-01

Nationally, many public universities have started to move into the online course and program market that is most often associated with for-profit institutions of higher education. Administrators in public universities make statements regarding benefits to students' desire for flexibility and profit margins related to online courses. But do students attending a large public university want to take courses online especially science courses perceived to be difficult such as freshmen-level physics courses? This study took place at a large, public, Midwestern university and involved students enrolled in the first semester of a face-to-face, flipped physics course for engineering technology majors. Statements were collected from comments about online courses made by the university's administration and students in the course. Twenty students sorted 45 statements. Two student views emerged with one rejecting online courses in general and the other primarily rejecting online math, science, and technology courses, including physics. Students' descriptions of their previous online course experiences were used to inform the analyses and to assist in describing the two views that emerged in conjunction with the distinguishing statements. Consensus among the two views is also discussed. Overall, the results indicate a potential divergence between student views and what university administrators believe students want.

2. GENERAL VIEW, EAST FRONT, NORTHWEST VIEW Kingsway Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. GENERAL VIEW, EAST FRONT, NORTHWEST VIEW - Kingsway Center Commercial Area, Bounded by Kings Highway, Doctor Martin Luther King Boulevard, Page Avenue, & Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, Independent City, MO

8. VIEW SOUTHWEST, INTERIOR VIEW, WIND TUNNEL 139 Naval ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. VIEW SOUTHWEST, INTERIOR VIEW, WIND TUNNEL 139 - Naval Surface Warfare Center, Subsonic Wind Tunnel Building, Bounded by Clara Barton Parkway & McArthur Boulevard, Silver Spring, Montgomery County, MD

View east; interior view of south bay Naval Base ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View east; interior view of south bay - Naval Base Philadelphia-Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Foundry-Propeller Shop, North of Porter Avenue, west of Third Street West, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

View east; interior view of central bay Naval Base ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View east; interior view of central bay - Naval Base Philadelphia-Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Foundry-Propeller Shop, North of Porter Avenue, west of Third Street West, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

View west; interior view of south bay Naval Base ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View west; interior view of south bay - Naval Base Philadelphia-Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Foundry-Propeller Shop, North of Porter Avenue, west of Third Street West, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

View west; interior view of central bay Naval Base ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View west; interior view of central bay - Naval Base Philadelphia-Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Foundry-Propeller Shop, North of Porter Avenue, west of Third Street West, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

Students as Customers in Higher Education: Reframing the Debate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guilbault, Melodi

2016-01-01

Even though marketing in higher education (HE) is well established, there is a continued debate about who the customer is, with many still not accepting that students should be viewed as customers in HE. The student as customer model has its opponents and proponents. This paper reframes the debate using the framework of market orientation,…

Use of Business Simulations and Games in Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lloyd, John W.

Simulation and business games can meet the need to teach decision making in that they offer a dynamic context in which the results of a decision has to be lived with. This view was reached after a switch from business to higher education prompted a search for teaching methods more suitable and effective for business education than the lecture…

Leadership and Gender in Higher Education: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Young, Paula

2004-01-01

Literature concerning leadership styles in HE provides no distinct view on whether style relates to gender. Transformational styles are regarded by some as particularly suited to times of change, and likely to be adopted by women; but others argue such styles are unsuited to HE. In a study of leadership within an institute of higher education…

Challenges for Policy and Standards for Adult and Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wheelan, Belle S.

2016-01-01

This chapter addresses educational policy as a force that contemporary adult education would be required to reckon with from the point of view of an accreditor. It identifies the issues and projects shifts that are currently taking place in higher education policy at the national, state, and regional levels.

Changing Higher Education Practice in Malaysia: The Conundrum of Incentives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wan, Chang Da; Chapman, David; Hutcheson, Sigrid; Lee, Molly; Austin, Ann; Md. Zain, Ahmad Nurulazam

2017-01-01

International university rankings are a widely used measure of higher education excellence. Since publication rates are an important element in most ranking systems, pushing faculty to increase their publication in top-tier international journals is viewed by many government and university officials as an important strategy for improving ratings…

Neoliberal Developments in Higher Education: The United Kingdom and Germany

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pritchard, Rosalind M. O.

2011-01-01

The paradigmatic values underlying British and German higher education emphasise personal growth, the wholeness of the individual, intellectual freedom and the pursuit of knowledge, which cumulatively can be viewed as a form of academic essentialism. However, these concepts were generated within a particular cultural and historical context which…

Policy Issues in the Administration of Higher Education in Nigeria

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ogbogu, Christiana O.

2013-01-01

This paper evaluates policy initiatives in the Nigerian higher educational system with a view to bringing it in line with good practices. Issues of gender, management/governance, teaching, research and funding were discussed. The study revealed that government's funding is insufficient to maintain institutional performance because of the policy…

On the viewing angle dependence of blazar variability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eldar, Avigdor; Levinson, Amir

2000-05-01

Internal shocks propagating through an ambient radiation field are subject to a radiative drag that, under certain conditions, can significantly affect their dynamics, and consequently the evolution of the beaming cone of emission produced behind the shocks. The resultant change of the Doppler factor combined with opacity effects leads to a strong dependence on the viewing angle of the variability pattern produced by such systems; specifically, the shape of the light curves and the characteristics of correlated emission. One implication is that objects oriented at relatively large viewing angles to the observer should exhibit a higher level of activity at high synchrotron frequencies (above the self-absorption frequency), and also at gamma-ray energies below the threshold energy of pair production, than at lower (radio/millimetre) frequencies.

A higher-order theory of emotional consciousness

PubMed Central

LeDoux, Joseph E.; Brown, Richard

2017-01-01

Emotional states of consciousness, or what are typically called emotional feelings, are traditionally viewed as being innately programmed in subcortical areas of the brain, and are often treated as different from cognitive states of consciousness, such as those related to the perception of external stimuli. We argue that conscious experiences, regardless of their content, arise from one system in the brain. In this view, what differs in emotional and nonemotional states are the kinds of inputs that are processed by a general cortical network of cognition, a network essential for conscious experiences. Although subcortical circuits are not directly responsible for conscious feelings, they provide nonconscious inputs that coalesce with other kinds of neural signals in the cognitive assembly of conscious emotional experiences. In building the case for this proposal, we defend a modified version of what is known as the higher-order theory of consciousness. PMID:28202735

LabVIEW: a software system for data acquisition, data analysis, and instrument control.

PubMed

Kalkman, C J

1995-01-01

Computer-based data acquisition systems play an important role in clinical monitoring and in the development of new monitoring tools. LabVIEW (National Instruments, Austin, TX) is a data acquisition and programming environment that allows flexible acquisition and processing of analog and digital data. The main feature that distinguishes LabVIEW from other data acquisition programs is its highly modular graphical programming language, "G," and a large library of mathematical and statistical functions. The advantage of graphical programming is that the code is flexible, reusable, and self-documenting. Subroutines can be saved in a library and reused without modification in other programs. This dramatically reduces development time and enables researchers to develop or modify their own programs. LabVIEW uses a large amount of processing power and computer memory, thus requiring a powerful computer. A large-screen monitor is desirable when developing larger applications. LabVIEW is excellently suited for testing new monitoring paradigms, analysis algorithms, or user interfaces. The typical LabVIEW user is the researcher who wants to develop a new monitoring technique, a set of new (derived) variables by integrating signals from several existing patient monitors, closed-loop control of a physiological variable, or a physiological simulator.

Higher Education in the News: A Look into the Topics, Sources, and Views of the Print Media.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Devitt, James

This study examined how higher education is represented in the press by analyzing how four leading newspapers, "The New York Times,""USA Today,""The Washington Post," and "The Wall Street Journal," covered higher education in 1997. The study analyzed a total of 610 higher education stories covering 21…

Animal derived products may conflict with religious patients' beliefs.

PubMed

Eriksson, Axelina; Burcharth, Jakob; Rosenberg, Jacob

2013-12-01

Implants and drugs with animal and human derived content are widely used in medicine and surgery, but information regarding ingredients is rarely obtainable by health practitioners. A religious perspective concerning the use of animal and human derived drug ingredients has not thoroughly been investigated. The purpose of this study was to clarify which parts of the medical and surgical treatments offered in western world-hospitals that conflicts with believers of major religions. Religious and spiritual leaders of the six largest religions worldwide (18 branches) were contacted. A standardised questionnaire was sent out regarding their position on the use of human and animal derived products in medical and surgical treatments. Of the 18 contacted religious branches, 10 replied representing the 6 largest religions worldwide. Hindus and Sikhs did not approve of the use of bovine or porcine derived products, and Muslims did not accept the use of porcine derived drugs, dressings or implants. Christians (including Jehovah's Witnesses), Jews and Buddhists accepted the use of all animal and human derived products. However, all religions accepted the use of all these products in case of an emergency and only if alternatives were not available. The views here suggest that religious codes conflict with some treatment regimens. It is crucial to obtain informed consent from patients for the use of drugs and implants with animal or human derived content. However, information on the origin of ingredients in drugs is not always available to health practitioners.

The continuing search for antitumor agents from higher plants

PubMed Central

Pan, Li; Chai, Heebyung; Kinghorn, A. Douglas

2009-01-01

Plant secondary metabolites and their semi-synthetic derivatives continue to play an important role in anticancer drug therapy. In this short review, selected single chemical entity antineoplastic agents from higher plants that are currently in clinical trials as cancer chemotherapy drug candidates are described. These compounds are representative of a wide structural diversity. In addition, the approaches taken toward the discovery of anticancer agents from tropical plants in the laboratory of the authors are summarized. The successful clinical utilization of cancer chemotherapeutic agents from higher plants has been evident for about half a century, and, when considered with the promising pipeline of new plant-derived compounds now in clinical trials, this augurs well for the continuation of drug discovery research efforts to elucidate additional candidate substances of this type. PMID:20228943

A brain-derived neurotrophic factor polymorphism Val66Met identifies fibromyalgia syndrome subgroup with higher body mass index and C-reactive protein.

PubMed

Xiao, Yangming; Russell, I Jon; Liu, Ya-Guang

2012-08-01

A common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) results from a substitution at position 66 from valine (Val) to methionine (Met) and may predispose to human neuropsychiatric disorders. We proposed to determine whether these BDNF gene SNPs were associated with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and/or any of its typical phenotypes. Patients with FMS (N = 95) and healthy normal controls (HNC, N = 58) were studied. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The BDNF SNPs were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).The BDNF SNP distribution was 65 (68%) Val/Val, 28 (30%) Val/Met, and 2 (2%) Met/Met for FMS and 40 (69%), 17(29%), and 1 (2%) for HNC, respectively. The serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)and body mass index (BMI) in FMS were higher than in HNC. The FMS with BDNF Val66Val had significantly higher mean BMI (P = 0.0001) and hsCRP (P = 0.02) than did FMS carrying the Val66Met genotype. This pattern was not found in HNC. Phenotypic measures of subjective pain, pain threshold, depression, or insomnia did not relate to either of the BDNF SNPs in FMS. The relative distribution BDNF SNPs did not differ between FMS and HNC. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is not selective for FMS. The BDNF Val66Val SNP identifies a subgroup of FMS with elevated hsCRP and higher BMI. This is the first study to associate a BDNF polymorphism with a FMS subgroup phenotype.

Transformational and derivational strategies in analogical problem solving.

PubMed

Schelhorn, Sven-Eric; Griego, Jacqueline; Schmid, Ute

2007-03-01

Analogical problem solving is mostly described as transfer of a source solution to a target problem based on the structural correspondences (mapping) between source and target. Derivational analogy (Carbonell, Machine learning: an artificial intelligence approach Los Altos. Morgan Kaufmann, 1986) proposes an alternative view: a target problem is solved by replaying a remembered problem-solving episode. Thus, the experience with the source problem is used to guide the search for the target solution by applying the same solution technique rather than by transferring the complete solution. We report an empirical study using the path finding problems presented in Novick and Hmelo (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 20:1296-1321, 1994) as material. We show that both transformational and derivational analogy are problem-solving strategies realized by human problem solvers. Which strategy is evoked in a given problem-solving context depends on the constraints guiding object-to-object mapping between source and target problem. Specifically, if constraints facilitating mapping are available, subjects are more likely to employ a transformational strategy, otherwise they are more likely to use a derivational strategy.

Trestle #1, three quarters view. View to south Promontory ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Trestle #1, three quarters view. View to south - Promontory Route Railroad Trestles, S.P. Trestle 779.91, One mile southwest of junction of State Highway 83 and Blue Creek, Corinne, Box Elder County, UT

Trestle #1, three quarters view. View to east Promontory ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Trestle #1, three quarters view. View to east - Promontory Route Railroad Trestles, S.P. Trestle 779.91, One mile southwest of junction of State Highway 83 and Blue Creek, Corinne, Box Elder County, UT

Trestle #1, three quarters view. View to west Promontory ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Trestle #1, three quarters view. View to west - Promontory Route Railroad Trestles, S.P. Trestle 779.91, One mile southwest of junction of State Highway 83 and Blue Creek, Corinne, Box Elder County, UT

Trestle #1, three quarters view. View to north Promontory ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Trestle #1, three quarters view. View to north - Promontory Route Railroad Trestles, S.P. Trestle 779.91, One mile southwest of junction of State Highway 83 and Blue Creek, Corinne, Box Elder County, UT

3. VIEW OF EAST SOUTHEAST, GROUND LEVEL VIEW OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. VIEW OF EAST - SOUTHEAST, GROUND LEVEL VIEW OF APPROACH SPANS, NORTH END OF BRIDGE, MAIN SPANS IN BACKGROUND - Buffalo River Bridge, Spanning Buffalo River on U.S. Highway 65, Marshall, Searcy County, AR

Anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity of ursolic acid derivative: a promising alternative.

PubMed

Bitencourt, Fernanda Gobbi; de Brum Vieira, Patrícia; Meirelles, Lucia Collares; Rigo, Graziela Vargas; da Silva, Elenilson Figueiredo; Gnoatto, Simone Cristina Baggio; Tasca, Tiana

2018-05-01

Trichomonas vaginalis is an extracellular parasite that binds to the epithelium of the human urogenital tract and causes the sexually transmitted infection, trichomoniasis. In view of increased resistance to drugs belonging to the 5-nitroimidazole class, new treatment alternatives are urgently needed. In this study, eight semisynthetized triterpene derivatives were evaluated for in vitro anti-T. vaginalis activity. Ursolic acid and its derivative, 3-oxime-urs-12-en-28-oic-ursolic acid (9), presented the best anti-T. vaginalis activity when compared to other derivatives, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 25 μM. Moreover, 9 was active against several T. vaginalis fresh clinical isolates. Hemolysis assay demonstrated that 9 presented a low hemolytic effect. Importantly, 25 μM 9 was not cytotoxic against the Vero cell lineage. Finally, we demonstrated that compound 9 acts synergistically with metronidazole against a T. vaginalis metronidazole-resistant isolate. This report reveals the high potential of the triterpenoid derivative 9 as trichomonicidal agent.

Novel series of 1,2,4-trioxane derivatives as antimalarial agents.

PubMed

Rudrapal, Mithun; Chetia, Dipak; Singh, Vineeta

2017-12-01

Among three series of 1,2,4-trioxane derivatives, five compounds showed good in vitro antimalarial activity, three compounds of which exhibited better activity against P. falciparum resistant (RKL9) strain than the sensitive (3D7) one. Two best compounds were one from aryl series and the other from heteroaryl series with IC 50 values of 1.24 µM and 1.24 µM and 1.06 µM and 1.17 µM, against sensitive and resistant strains, respectively. Further, trioxane derivatives exhibited good binding affinity for the P. falciparum cysteine protease falcipain 2 receptor (PDB id: 3BPF) with well defined drug-like and pharmacokinetic properties based on Lipinski's rule of five with additional physicochemical and ADMET parameters. In view of having antimalarial potential, 1,2,4-trioxane derivative(s) reported herein may be useful as novel antimalarial lead(s) in the discovery and development of future antimalarial drug candidates as P. falciparum falcipain 2 inhibitors against resistant malaria.

Strategies for the Challenges Facing Women in Higher Education Administration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rehnke, Mary Ann

Women administrators in higher education must deal not only with the usual challenges facing administrators (decision-making, resolving conflict, and advancing professionally), but also with the effects of sex stereotyping. Women are not seen as decision-makers, nor as conflict-resolvers, and are often viewed as supporting personnel rather than…

Reforming the Higher Education System in Iraq: Internationalization via Decentralization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Al-Janabi, Sufyan T. Faraj; Anderson, David

2011-01-01

In countries where higher education has largely been a state function, conservative bureaucracies are viewed as impediments to necessary development and change. Virtually everywhere, voices are raised to demand necessary reforms yet, in spite of these apparently common challenges, it remains true that policy-related education issues are framed by…

Early Childhood Television Viewing and Adolescent Behavior: The Recontact Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Daniel R.; Huston, Aletha C.; Schmitt, Kelly L.; Linebarger, Deborah L.; Wright, John C.

2001-01-01

Followed up on 570 adolescents studied as preschoolers. Found that preschoolers' viewing of educational television programs was associated with achieving higher grades, reading more books, placing more value on achievement, exhibiting greater creativity, and behaving less aggressively as adolescents more consistently for boys than girls. Found…

View-angle-dependent AIRS Cloudiness and Radiance Variance: Analysis and Interpretation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gong, Jie; Wu, Dong L.

2013-01-01

Upper tropospheric clouds play an important role in the global energy budget and hydrological cycle. Significant view-angle asymmetry has been observed in upper-level tropical clouds derived from eight years of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) 15 um radiances. Here, we find that the asymmetry also exists in the extra-tropics. It is larger during day than that during night, more prominent near elevated terrain, and closely associated with deep convection and wind shear. The cloud radiance variance, a proxy for cloud inhomogeneity, has consistent characteristics of the asymmetry to those in the AIRS cloudiness. The leading causes of the view-dependent cloudiness asymmetry are the local time difference and small-scale organized cloud structures. The local time difference (1-1.5 hr) of upper-level (UL) clouds between two AIRS outermost views can create parts of the observed asymmetry. On the other hand, small-scale tilted and banded structures of the UL clouds can induce about half of the observed view-angle dependent differences in the AIRS cloud radiances and their variances. This estimate is inferred from analogous study using Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) radiances observed during the period of time when there were simultaneous measurements at two different view-angles from NOAA-18 and -19 satellites. The existence of tilted cloud structures and asymmetric 15 um and 6.7 um cloud radiances implies that cloud statistics would be view-angle dependent, and should be taken into account in radiative transfer calculations, measurement uncertainty evaluations and cloud climatology investigations. In addition, the momentum forcing in the upper troposphere from tilted clouds is also likely asymmetric, which can affect atmospheric circulation anisotropically.

Advantage of hyperspectral EO-1 Hyperion over multispectral IKONOS, GeoEye-1, WorldView-2, Landsat ETM+, and MODIS vegetation indices in crop biomass estimation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Marshall, Michael T.; Thenkabail, Prasad S.

2015-01-01

Crop biomass is increasingly being measured with surface reflectance data derived from multispectral broadband (MSBB) and hyperspectral narrowband (HNB) space-borne remotely sensed data to increase the accuracy and efficiency of crop yield models used in a wide array of agricultural applications. However, few studies compare the ability of MSBBs versus HNBs to capture crop biomass variability. Therefore, we used standard data mining techniques to identify a set of MSBB data from the IKONOS, GeoEye-1, Landsat ETM+, MODIS, WorldView-2 sensors and compared their performance with HNB data from the EO-1 Hyperion sensor in explaining crop biomass variability of four important field crops (rice, alfalfa, cotton, maize). The analysis employed two-band (ratio) vegetation indices (TBVIs) and multiband (additive) vegetation indices (MBVIs) derived from Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and stepwise regression. Results demonstrated that HNB-derived TBVIs and MBVIs performed better than MSBB-derived TBVIs and MBVIs on a per crop basis and for the pooled data: overall, HNB TBVIs explained 5–31% greater variability when compared with various MSBB TBVIs; and HNB MBVIs explained 3–33% greater variability when compared with various MSBB MBVIs. The performance of MSBB MBVIs and TBVIs improved mildly, by combining spectral information across multiple sensors involving IKONOS, GeoEye-1, Landsat ETM+, MODIS, and WorldView-2. A number of HNBs that advance crop biomass modeling were determined. Based on the highest factor loadings on the first component of the SVD, the “red-edge” spectral range (700–740 nm) centered at 722 nm (bandwidth = 10 nm) stood out prominently, while five additional and distinct portions of the recorded spectral range (400–2500 nm) centered at 539 nm, 758 nm, 914 nm, 1130 nm, 1320 nm (bandwidth = 10 nm) were also important. The best HNB vegetation indices for crop biomass estimation involved 549 and 752 nm for rice (R2 = 0.91); 925 and 1104 nm for

Double Mine Building, general view in setting; view northeast ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Double Mine Building, general view in setting; view northeast - Fort McKinley, Double Mine Building, East side of East Side Drive, approximately 125 feet south of Weymouth Way, Great Diamond Island, Portland, Cumberland County, ME

Are Higher Education Institutions Prepared for Learning Analytics?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ifenthaler, Dirk

2017-01-01

Higher education institutions and involved stakeholders can derive multiple benefits from learning analytics by using different data analytics strategies to produce summative, real-time, and predictive insights and recommendations. However, are institutions and academic as well as administrative staff prepared for learning analytics? A learning…

Bachelor of What, Master of Whom? The Humboldt Myth and Historical Transformations of Higher Education in German-Speaking Europe and the US

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ash, Mitchell G.

2006-01-01

Public debate on higher education reform today is dominated by competing views about what higher education institutions, particularly universities, are or should become. To a surprising extent, these views are based upon highly simplified characterisations of university history. The claims in question have been repeated so often that they have…

Lagrangian-Hamiltonian unified formalism for autonomous higher order dynamical systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prieto-Martínez, Pedro Daniel; Román-Roy, Narciso

2011-09-01

The Lagrangian-Hamiltonian unified formalism of Skinner and Rusk was originally stated for autonomous dynamical systems in classical mechanics. It has been generalized for non-autonomous first-order mechanical systems, as well as for first-order and higher order field theories. However, a complete generalization to higher order mechanical systems is yet to be described. In this work, after reviewing the natural geometrical setting and the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms for higher order autonomous mechanical systems, we develop a complete generalization of the Lagrangian-Hamiltonian unified formalism for these kinds of systems, and we use it to analyze some physical models from this new point of view.

Academic Staff Views on External Quality Audit: Post Audit Evaluation in a Private Higher Education College

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shah, Mahsood; Nair, Chenicheri Sid; Stanford, Sue-Ann

2011-01-01

Governments in many countries have funded independent agencies to undertake quality audits of higher education institutions. Such agencies ensure that universities and other higher education providers have effective systems and processes to assure quality assurance in core and support areas. While external quality audits have been in place for a…

Less Time to Study, Less Well Prepared for Work, yet Satisfied with Higher Education: A UK Perspective on Links between Higher Education and the Labour Market

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Little, Brenda; Arthur, Lore

2010-01-01

This paper explores graduates' views on the relationship between higher education and employment. It draws on a major European study involving graduates five years after graduation and highlights similarities and differences between UK graduates' experiences and their European counterparts. Specifically, we address questions raised in the study…

General view. View to southwest Offutt Air Force Base, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view. View to southwest - Offutt Air Force Base, Looking Glass Airborne Command Post, Vehicle Refueling Station, Northeast of AGE Storage Facility at far northwest end of Project Looking Glass Historic District, Bellevue, Sarpy County, NE

Clinical Views: Object-Oriented Views for Clinical Databases

PubMed Central

Portoni, Luisa; Combi, Carlo; Pinciroli, Francesco

1998-01-01

We present here a prototype of a clinical information system for the archiving and the management of multimedia and temporally-oriented clinical data related to PTCA patients. The system is based on an object-oriented DBMS and supports multiple views and view schemas on patients' data. Remote data access is supported too.

Sparse-view proton computed tomography using modulated proton beams.

PubMed

Lee, Jiseoc; Kim, Changhwan; Min, Byungjun; Kwak, Jungwon; Park, Seyjoon; Lee, Se Byeong; Park, Sungyong; Cho, Seungryong

2015-02-01

Proton imaging that uses a modulated proton beam and an intensity detector allows a relatively fast image acquisition compared to the imaging approach based on a trajectory tracking detector. In addition, it requires a relatively simple implementation in a conventional proton therapy equipment. The model of geometric straight ray assumed in conventional computed tomography (CT) image reconstruction is however challenged by multiple-Coulomb scattering and energy straggling in the proton imaging. Radiation dose to the patient is another important issue that has to be taken care of for practical applications. In this work, the authors have investigated iterative image reconstructions after a deconvolution of the sparsely view-sampled data to address these issues in proton CT. Proton projection images were acquired using the modulated proton beams and the EBT2 film as an intensity detector. Four electron-density cylinders representing normal soft tissues and bone were used as imaged object and scanned at 40 views that are equally separated over 360°. Digitized film images were converted to water-equivalent thickness by use of an empirically derived conversion curve. For improving the image quality, a deconvolution-based image deblurring with an empirically acquired point spread function was employed. They have implemented iterative image reconstruction algorithms such as adaptive steepest descent-projection onto convex sets (ASD-POCS), superiorization method-projection onto convex sets (SM-POCS), superiorization method-expectation maximization (SM-EM), and expectation maximization-total variation minimization (EM-TV). Performance of the four image reconstruction algorithms was analyzed and compared quantitatively via contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and root-mean-square-error (RMSE). Objects of higher electron density have been reconstructed more accurately than those of lower density objects. The bone, for example, has been reconstructed within 1% error. EM

Fractionating English Language Proficiency: Policy and Practice in Australian Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Paul J.; Harrington, Michael

2016-01-01

Policy-makers and practitioners in Australian higher education increasingly view English language proficiency (ELP) as a tripartite construct consisting of English proficiency for academic study, interpersonal communication, and more recently, the workplace. This paper examines this assumption and identifies the significant implications it has for…

Association of Television Viewing Time with Body Composition and Calcified Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Singapore Chinese

PubMed Central

Nang, Ei Ei Khaing; van Dam, Rob M.; Tan, Chuen Seng; Mueller-Riemenschneider, Falk; Lim, Yi Ting; Ong, Kai Zhi; Ee, Siqing; Lee, Jeannette; Tai, E. Shyong

2015-01-01

Objective Sedentary behavior such as television viewing may be an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. However, few studies have assessed the impact of television viewing time on coronary artery calcification and it remains unclear how body fat contributes to this relationship. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between television viewing time and subclinical atherosclerosis and whether effects on visceral or subcutaneous fat may mediate any associations observed. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 398 Chinese participants (192 men and 206 women) from Singapore prospective study. Participants were free from known cardiovascular diseases and underwent interview, health screening, computed tomography scans of coronary arteries and abdomen. Spearman’s correlation was used to test the correlation between television viewing time, physical activity, body composition and abdominal fat distribution. The association between television viewing time and subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results In men, television viewing time was significantly correlated with higher body fat mass index, percent body fat, subcutaneous and visceral fat. These associations were in the same direction, but weaker and not statistically significant in women. Television viewing time (hours/day) was associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in men (odds ratio: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.03-1.93) but no significant association was observed in women (odds ratio: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.59-1.31) after adjusting for potential socio-demographic and lifestyle confounders. Further adjustments for biological factors did not affect these associations. Conclusions Television viewing time was associated with greater adiposity and higher subcutaneous and visceral fat in men. TV viewing time was also associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in men and the potential mechanisms underlying this association require further investigation

Financing Higher Education: Lessons from Economic Theory and Reform in England

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barr, Nicholas

2009-01-01

The finance of higher education faces a clash between technological advance, driving up the demand for skills, and fiscal constraints, given competing imperatives for public spending. Paying for universities is also immensely politically sensitive. This paper sets out core lessons for financing higher education deriving from economic theory,…

An analysis of the ArcCHECK-MR diode array's performance for ViewRay quality assurance.

PubMed

Ellefson, Steven T; Culberson, Wesley S; Bednarz, Bryan P; DeWerd, Larry A; Bayouth, John E

2017-07-01

The ArcCHECK-MR diode array utilizes a correction system with a virtual inclinometer to correct the angular response dependencies of the diodes. However, this correction system cannot be applied to measurements on the ViewRay MR-IGRT system due to the virtual inclinometer's incompatibility with the ViewRay's multiple simultaneous beams. Additionally, the ArcCHECK's current correction factors were determined without magnetic field effects taken into account. In the course of performing ViewRay IMRT quality assurance with the ArcCHECK, measurements were observed to be consistently higher than the ViewRay TPS predictions. The goals of this study were to quantify the observed discrepancies and test whether applying the current factors improves the ArcCHECK's accuracy for measurements on the ViewRay. Gamma and frequency analysis were performed on 19 ViewRay patient plans. Ion chamber measurements were performed at a subset of diode locations using a PMMA phantom with the same dimensions as the ArcCHECK. A new method for applying directionally dependent factors utilizing beam information from the ViewRay TPS was developed in order to analyze the current ArcCHECK correction factors. To test the current factors, nine ViewRay plans were altered to be delivered with only a single simultaneous beam and were measured with the ArcCHECK. The current correction factors were applied using both the new and current methods. The new method was also used to apply corrections to the original 19 ViewRay plans. It was found the ArcCHECK systematically reports doses higher than those actually delivered by the ViewRay. Application of the current correction factors by either method did not consistently improve measurement accuracy. As dose deposition and diode response have both been shown to change under the influence of a magnetic field, it can be concluded the current ArcCHECK correction factors are invalid and/or inadequate to correct measurements on the ViewRay system. © 2017 The

Interruptions and Failure in Higher Education: Evidence from ISEG-UTL

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chagas, Margarida; Fernandaes, Graca Leao

2011-01-01

Failure in higher education (HE) is the outcome of multiple time-dependent determinants. Interruptions in students' individual school trajectories are one of them, and that is why research on this topic has been attracting much attention these days. From an individual point of view, it is expected that interruptions in school trajectory, whatever…

Mediators of longitudinal associations between television viewing and eating behaviours in adolescents

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Television viewing has been associated with poor eating behaviours in adolescents. Changing unhealthy eating behaviours is most likely to be achieved by identifying and targeting factors shown to mediate the association between these behaviours. However, little is known about the mediators of the associations between television viewing and eating behaviours. The aim of this study was to examine mediators of the longitudinal associations between television viewing (TV) and eating behaviours among Australian adolescents. Method Eating behaviours were assessed using a web-based survey completed by a community-based sample of 1729 adolescents from years 7 and 9 of secondary schools in Victoria, Australia, at baseline (2004-2005) and two years later. TV viewing and the potential mediators (snacking while watching TV and perceived value of TV viewing) were assessed via the web-based survey at baseline. Results Adolescents who watched more than two hours of TV/day had higher intakes of energy-dense snacks and beverages, and lower intakes of fruit two years later. Furthermore, the associations between TV viewing and consumption of energy-dense snacks, energy-dense drinks and fruit were mediated by snacking while watching TV. Perceived value of TV viewing mediated the association between TV viewing and consumption of energy-dense snacks, beverages and fruit. Conclusion Snacking while watching TV and perceived value of TV viewing mediated the longitudinal association between TV viewing and eating behaviours among adolescents. The efficacy of methods to reduce TV viewing, change snacking habits while watching TV, and address the values that adolescents place on TV viewing should be examined in an effort to promote healthy eating among adolescents. PMID:21450065

Unsupervised Metric Fusion Over Multiview Data by Graph Random Walk-Based Cross-View Diffusion.

PubMed

Wang, Yang; Zhang, Wenjie; Wu, Lin; Lin, Xuemin; Zhao, Xiang

2017-01-01

Learning an ideal metric is crucial to many tasks in computer vision. Diverse feature representations may combat this problem from different aspects; as visual data objects described by multiple features can be decomposed into multiple views, thus often provide complementary information. In this paper, we propose a cross-view fusion algorithm that leads to a similarity metric for multiview data by systematically fusing multiple similarity measures. Unlike existing paradigms, we focus on learning distance measure by exploiting a graph structure of data samples, where an input similarity matrix can be improved through a propagation of graph random walk. In particular, we construct multiple graphs with each one corresponding to an individual view, and a cross-view fusion approach based on graph random walk is presented to derive an optimal distance measure by fusing multiple metrics. Our method is scalable to a large amount of data by enforcing sparsity through an anchor graph representation. To adaptively control the effects of different views, we dynamically learn view-specific coefficients, which are leveraged into graph random walk to balance multiviews. However, such a strategy may lead to an over-smooth similarity metric where affinities between dissimilar samples may be enlarged by excessively conducting cross-view fusion. Thus, we figure out a heuristic approach to controlling the iteration number in the fusion process in order to avoid over smoothness. Extensive experiments conducted on real-world data sets validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.

Upper-Tropospheric Winds Derived from Geostationary Satellite Water Vapor Observations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Velden, Christopher S.; Hayden, Christopher M.; Nieman, Steven J.; Menzel, W. Paul; Wanzong, Steven; Goerss, James S.

1997-01-01

The coverage and quality of remotely sensed upper-tropospheric moisture parameters have improved considerably with the deployment of a new generation of operational geostationary meteorological satellites: GOES-8/9 and GMS-5. The GOES-8/9 water vapor imaging capabilities have increased as a result of improved radiometric sensitivity and higher spatial resolution. The addition of a water vapor sensing channel on the latest GMS permits nearly global viewing of upper-tropospheric water vapor (when joined with GOES and Meteosat) and enhances the commonality of geostationary meteorological satellite observing capabilities. Upper-tropospheric motions derived from sequential water vapor imagery provided by these satellites can be objectively extracted by automated techniques. Wind fields can be deduced in both cloudy and cloud-free environments. In addition to the spatially coherent nature of these vector fields, the GOES-8/9 multispectral water vapor sensing capabilities allow for determination of wind fields over multiple tropospheric layers in cloud-free environments. This article provides an update on the latest efforts to extract water vapor motion displacements over meteorological scales ranging from subsynoptic to global. The potential applications of these data to impact operations, numerical assimilation and prediction, and research studies are discussed.

Transforming Marginalised Adult Learners' Views of Themselves: Access to Higher Education Courses in England

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Busher, Hugh; James, Nalita; Piela, Anna; Palmer, Anna-Marie

2014-01-01

Adult learners on Access to Higher Education courses struggled with institutional and social structures to attend their courses, but transformed their identities as learners through them. Although asymmetrical power relationships dominated the intentional learning communities of their courses, their work was facilitated by collaborative cultures…

Expanding the Horizon: For-Profit Degree Granting Institutions in Higher Education. An Annotated Bibliography

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lechuga, Vicente M.; Tierney, William G.; Hentschke, Guilbert C.

2003-01-01

In recent years, higher education has witnessed the entry of a new breed of postsecondary education providers. These institutions have reshaped the traditional views of the function and purpose of higher education. For-profit education institutions provide a small but rapidly growing segment of the student population with the knowledge and skills…

Transitioning in Higher Education: An Exploration of Psychological and Contextual Factors Affecting Student Satisfaction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pennington, Charlotte R.; Bates, Elizabeth A.; Kaye, Linda K.; Bolam, Lauren T.

2018-01-01

In view of recent changes in the higher education sector, such as increased tuition fees, a greater focus has been placed on widening participation initiatives and monitoring student satisfaction. The aims of the current study were twofold: (1) to explore whether pre-entry programmes foster successful transition to higher education, and (2) to…

Color dependence with horizontal-viewing angle and colorimetric characterization of two displays using different backlighting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Castro, José J.; Pozo, Antonio M.; Rubiño, Manuel

2013-11-01

In this work we studied the color dependence with a horizontal-viewing angle and colorimetric characterization of two liquid-crystal displays (LCD) using two different backlighting: Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps (CCFLs) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The LCDs studied had identical resolution, size, and technology (TFT - thin film transistor). The colorimetric measurements were made with the spectroradiometer SpectraScan PR-650 following the procedure recommended in the European guideline EN 61747-6. For each display, we measured at the centre of the screen the chromaticity coordinates at horizontal viewing angles of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 degrees for the achromatic (A), red (R), green (G) and blue (B) channels. Results showed a greater color-gamut area for the display with LED backlight, compared with the CCFL backlight, showing a greater range of colors perceptible by human vision. This color-gamut area diminished with viewing angle for both displays. Higher differences between trends for viewing angles were observed in the LED-backlight, especially for the R- and G-channels, demonstrating a higher variability of the chromaticity coordinates with viewing angle. The best additivity was reached by the LED-backlight display (a lower error percentage). LED-backlight display provided better color performance of visualization.

Does TV viewing during family meals make a difference in adolescent substance use?

PubMed

Eisenberg, Marla E; Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne; Feldman, Shira

2009-06-01

Family meals are important to adolescent health, but relatively little is known about TV viewing during family meals. The present paper examines the role that TV viewing during family meals may have on substance use behaviors among adolescents. A diverse sample of 806 Minnesota high school students (mean age 17.2 years) provided survey data in 2003-2004 regarding family meal frequency, substance use behavior and general family connectedness. General linear modeling was used to compare substance use across three family meal/TV categories in a cross-sectional analysis. 28.6% of participants ate regular family meals without TV, and 27.5% had regular family meals while watching TV. Significant differences in cigarette smoking, alcohol and marijuana use were found for females reporting regular family meals versus no regular family meals, but did not differ significantly by TV viewing. No significant differences were found across groups of males. Results from this study indicate that TV viewing during family meals does not appear to attenuate the previously observed protective relationship between family meals and substance use for females. Benefits of family meals may be derived simply from having adolescents at home during mealtimes.

Emotions' Impact on Viewing Behavior under Natural Conditions

PubMed Central

Kaspar, Kai; Hloucal, Teresa-Maria; Kriz, Jürgen; Canzler, Sonja; Gameiro, Ricardo Ramos; Krapp, Vanessa; König, Peter

2013-01-01

Human overt attention under natural conditions is guided by stimulus features as well as by higher cognitive components, such as task and emotional context. In contrast to the considerable progress regarding the former, insight into the interaction of emotions and attention is limited. Here we investigate the influence of the current emotional context on viewing behavior under natural conditions. In two eye-tracking studies participants freely viewed complex scenes embedded in sequences of emotion-laden images. The latter primes constituted specific emotional contexts for neutral target images. Viewing behavior toward target images embedded into sets of primes was affected by the current emotional context, revealing the intensity of the emotional context as a significant moderator. The primes themselves were not scanned in different ways when presented within a block (Study 1), but when presented individually, negative primes were more actively scanned than positive primes (Study 2). These divergent results suggest an interaction between emotional priming and further context factors. Additionally, in most cases primes were scanned more actively than target images. Interestingly, the mere presence of emotion-laden stimuli in a set of images of different categories slowed down viewing activity overall, but the known effect of image category was not affected. Finally, viewing behavior remained largely constant on single images as well as across the targets' post-prime positions (Study 2). We conclude that the emotional context significantly influences the exploration of complex scenes and the emotional context has to be considered in predictions of eye-movement patterns. PMID:23326353

Sensitive and accurate identification of protein–DNA binding events in ChIP-chip assays using higher order derivative analysis

PubMed Central

Barrett, Christian L.; Cho, Byung-Kwan

2011-01-01

Immuno-precipitation of protein–DNA complexes followed by microarray hybridization is a powerful and cost-effective technology for discovering protein–DNA binding events at the genome scale. It is still an unresolved challenge to comprehensively, accurately and sensitively extract binding event information from the produced data. We have developed a novel strategy composed of an information-preserving signal-smoothing procedure, higher order derivative analysis and application of the principle of maximum entropy to address this challenge. Importantly, our method does not require any input parameters to be specified by the user. Using genome-scale binding data of two Escherichia coli global transcription regulators for which a relatively large number of experimentally supported sites are known, we show that ∼90% of known sites were resolved to within four probes, or ∼88 bp. Over half of the sites were resolved to within two probes, or ∼38 bp. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our strategy delivers significant quantitative and qualitative performance gains over available methods. Such accurate and sensitive binding site resolution has important consequences for accurately reconstructing transcriptional regulatory networks, for motif discovery, for furthering our understanding of local and non-local factors in protein–DNA interactions and for extending the usefulness horizon of the ChIP-chip platform. PMID:21051353

Effects of coral-derived organic matter on the growth of bacterioplankton and heterotrophic nanoflagellates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakajima, Ryota; Tanaka, Yasuaki; Guillemette, Ryan; Kurihara, Haruko

2017-12-01

Exudates derived from hermatypic corals were incubated with <2 µm filtered seawater containing heterotrophic bacteria and <10 µm filtered seawater containing bacteria and nanoflagellates (HNF) under dark conditions for 96 h to quantify the growth of both bacteria and HNF in response to coral-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM). The addition of coral-derived DOM caused significantly higher growth rates and production of bacteria and HNF compared to those in control seawater without coral exudates. During the incubation, HNF exhibited their peak in abundance 24-48 h after the peak abundance of bacteria. The growth efficiencies of both bacteria and HNF were significantly higher with coral-derived DOM, suggesting higher transfer efficiency from bacteria that is fueled by coral organic matter to HNF. Therefore, trophic transfer of coral-derived DOM from bacteria to HNF can contribute to efficient carbon flow through the microbial food web.

New steroid derivative with hypoglycemic activity

PubMed Central

Lauro, Figueroa-Valverde; Francisco, Díaz-Cedillo; Lenin, Hau-Heredia; Elodia, García-Cervera; Eduardo, Pool-Gómez; Marcela, Rosas-Nexticapa; Bety, Sarabia-Alcocer

2014-01-01

Data indicates that some steroid derivatives may induce changes on glucose levels; nevertheless, data are very confusing. Therefore, more pharmacological data are needed to characterize the activity induced by the steroid derivatives on glucose levels. The aim of this study was to synthesize a new steroid derivative for evaluate its hypoglycemic activity. The effects of steroid derivative on glucose concentration were evaluated in a diabetic animal model using glibenclamide and metformin as controls. In addition, the pregnenolone-dihydrotestosterone conjugate was bound to Tc-99m using radioimmunoassay methods, to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the steroid derivative over time. The results showed that the pregnenolone-dihydrotestosterone conjugate induces changes on the glucose levels in similar form than glibenclamide. Other data showed that the biodistribution of Tc-99m-steroid derivativein brain was higher in comparison with spleen, stomach, intestine liver and kidney. In conclusion, the pregnenolone-dihydrotestosterone conjugate exerts hypoglycemic activity and this phenomenon could depend of its physicochemical properties which could be related to the degree of lipophilicity of the steroidderivative. PMID:25550906

4. PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF MAIN AND EAST ELEVATIONS, SHOWING VIEW ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF MAIN AND EAST ELEVATIONS, SHOWING VIEW TOWARD CARPENTER'S HALL - Carpenters' Company, Front Store, 322 Chestnut Street & Carpenters' Court, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

4. DETAIL VIEW OF ADMINISTRATION BUILDING SHOWING WEST FACADE. VIEW ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. DETAIL VIEW OF ADMINISTRATION BUILDING SHOWING WEST FACADE. VIEW TO NORTHEAST. - VA Medical Center, Aspinwall Division, Administration Building, 5103 Delafield Avenue, Aspinwall, Allegheny County, PA

Associations of sedentary time patterns and TV viewing time with inflammatory and endothelial function biomarkers in children.

PubMed

Gabel, L; Ridgers, N D; Della Gatta, P A; Arundell, L; Cerin, E; Robinson, S; Daly, R M; Dunstan, D W; Salmon, J

2016-06-01

Investigate associations of TV viewing time and accelerometry-derived sedentary time with inflammatory and endothelial function biomarkers in children. Cross-sectional analysis of 164 7-10-year-old children. TV viewing time was assessed by parental proxy report and total and patterns of sedentary time accumulation (e.g. prolonged bouts) were assessed by accelerometry. C-reactive protein (CRP), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, interleukin-2, -6, -8, -10, tumour necrosis factor alpha, adiponectin, resistin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, soluble intercellular and vascular adhesion molecule 1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and soluble E-selectin were assessed. Generalised linear models assessed the associations of TV viewing and sedentary time with biomarkers, adjusting for sex, waist circumference, moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity and diet density. Each additional h week(-1) of TV viewing was associated with 4.4% (95% CI: 2.1, 6.7) greater CRP and 0.6% (0.2, 1.0) greater sVCAM-1 in the fully adjusted model. The association between frequency and duration of 5-10 min bouts of sedentary time and CRP was positive after adjustment for sex and waist circumference but attenuated after adjustment for diet density. This study suggests that TV viewing was unfavourably associated with several markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. The detrimental association between 5 and 10 min bouts of sedentary time and CRP approached significance, suggesting that further research with a stronger study design (longitudinal and/or experimental) is needed to better understand how the accumulation of sedentary time early in life may influence short and longer term health. © 2015 The Authors. Pediatric Obesity published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity.

Associations of sedentary time patterns and TV viewing time with inflammatory and endothelial function biomarkers in children

PubMed Central

Gabel, L.; Ridgers, N. D.; Della Gatta, P. A.; Arundell, L.; Cerin, E.; Robinson, S.; Daly, R. M.; Dunstan, D. W.

2015-01-01

Summary Objective Investigate associations of TV viewing time and accelerometry‐derived sedentary time with inflammatory and endothelial function biomarkers in children. Methods Cross‐sectional analysis of 164 7–10‐year‐old children. TV viewing time was assessed by parental proxy report and total and patterns of sedentary time accumulation (e.g. prolonged bouts) were assessed by accelerometry. C‐reactive protein (CRP), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, interleukin‐2, ‐6, ‐8, ‐10, tumour necrosis factor alpha, adiponectin, resistin, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, soluble intercellular and vascular adhesion molecule 1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and soluble E‐selectin were assessed. Generalised linear models assessed the associations of TV viewing and sedentary time with biomarkers, adjusting for sex, waist circumference, moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity physical activity and diet density. Results Each additional h week−1 of TV viewing was associated with 4.4% (95% CI: 2.1, 6.7) greater CRP and 0.6% (0.2, 1.0) greater sVCAM‐1 in the fully adjusted model. The association between frequency and duration of 5–10 min bouts of sedentary time and CRP was positive after adjustment for sex and waist circumference but attenuated after adjustment for diet density. Conclusions This study suggests that TV viewing was unfavourably associated with several markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. The detrimental association between 5 and 10 min bouts of sedentary time and CRP approached significance, suggesting that further research with a stronger study design (longitudinal and/or experimental) is needed to better understand how the accumulation of sedentary time early in life may influence short and longer term health. PMID:26097139

Engineering Students' Conceptions of the Derivative and Some Implications for Their Mathematical Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bingolbali, E.; Monaghan, J.; Roper, T.

2007-01-01

This paper explores Mechanical Engineering students' conceptions of and preferences for conceptions of the derivative, and their views on mathematics. Data comes from pre-, post- and delayed post-tests, a preference test, interviews with students and an analysis of calculus courses. Data from Mathematics students is used to make comparisons with…

Synergistic Use of WorldView-2 Imagery and Airborne LiDAR Data for Urban Land Cover Classification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, M. F.; Sun, Z. C.; Yang, B.; Yu, S. S.

2017-02-01

There are lots of challenges for deriving urban land cover types for high resolution optical imagery because of spectral similarity of different objects, mixed pixels, shadows of buildings and large tree crowns. In order to reduce these uncertainties, recently, it’s a trend of the classification of urban land cover from multi-source sensors in the field of urban remote sensing. In this study, a hierarchical support vector machine (SVM) classification method was applied to the urban land cover mapping, using the WorldView-2 imagery and airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data. The results showed that: (1) The overall accuracy (OA) and overall kappa (OK) were 72.92% and 0.66 for WorldView-2 imagery alone; while the OA and OK were improved up to 89.44% and 0.87 for the synergistic use of the two types of data source. (2) Buildings and road/parking lots extracted from fused data were more precision and well-shaped. The two classes from fused data were optimally classified with higher producer’s accuracy and user’s accuracy than WorldView-2 imagery alone. The trees were also easily separated from the grasslands when the airborne LiDAR data was added. (3) The fused data could reduce the phenomenon of different spectral character of the complex and detailed objects. It was also helpful to address the problem of shadows from the high-rise buildings. The results from this study indicate that the synergistic use of high resolution optical imagery and airborne LiDAR data can be an efficient approach to improving the classification of urban land cover.

A soil moisture index derived from thermal infrared sensor on-board geostationary satellites over Europe, Africa and Australia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghilain, Nicolas; Trigo, Isabel; Arboleda, Alirio; Barrios, Jose-Miguel; Batelaan, Okke; Gellens-Meulenberghs, Françoise

2017-04-01

Soil moisture plays a central role in the water cycle. In particular, it is a major component which variability controls the evapotranspiration process. Over the past years, there has been a large commitment of the remote sensing research community to develop satellites and retrieval algorithm for soil moisture monitoring over continents. Most of those rely on the observation in the microwave lengths, making use either of passive, active or both methods combined. However, the available derived products are given at a relatively low spatial resolution for applications at the kilometer scale over entire continents, and with a revisit time that may not be adequate for all applications, as for example agriculture. Thermal infrared observations from a combination of geostationary satellites offer a global view of continents every hour (or even at higher frequency) at a few kilometers resolution, which makes them attractive as another, and potentially complementary, source of information of surface soil moisture. In this study, the Copernicus LST and the LSA-SAF LST are used to derive soil moisture over entire continents (Europe, Africa, Australia). The derived soil moisture is validated against in-situ observations and compared to other available products from remote sensing (SMOS, ASCAT) and from numerical weather prediction (ECMWF). We will present the result of this validation, and will show how it could be used in continental scale evapotranspiration monitoring.

Detail view of upper southwest corner, showing representative view of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Detail view of upper southwest corner, showing representative view of cornice and window ornamentation - Hungarian Sick Benefit Societies Building, 1406-1418 State Street, Bridgeport, Fairfield County, CT

Compensation for Blur Requires Increase in Field of View and Viewing Time

PubMed Central

Kwon, MiYoung; Liu, Rong; Chien, Lillian

2016-01-01

Spatial resolution is an important factor for human pattern recognition. In particular, low resolution (blur) is a defining characteristic of low vision. Here, we examined spatial (field of view) and temporal (stimulus duration) requirements for blurry object recognition. The spatial resolution of an image such as letter or face, was manipulated with a low-pass filter. In experiment 1, studying spatial requirement, observers viewed a fixed-size object through a window of varying sizes, which was repositioned until object identification (moving window paradigm). Field of view requirement, quantified as the number of “views” (window repositions) for correct recognition, was obtained for three blur levels, including no blur. In experiment 2, studying temporal requirement, we determined threshold viewing time, the stimulus duration yielding criterion recognition accuracy, at six blur levels, including no blur. For letter and face recognition, we found blur significantly increased the number of views, suggesting a larger field of view is required to recognize blurry objects. We also found blur significantly increased threshold viewing time, suggesting longer temporal integration is necessary to recognize blurry objects. The temporal integration reflects the tradeoff between stimulus intensity and time. While humans excel at recognizing blurry objects, our findings suggest compensating for blur requires increased field of view and viewing time. The need for larger spatial and longer temporal integration for recognizing blurry objects may further challenge object recognition in low vision. Thus, interactions between blur and field of view should be considered for developing low vision rehabilitation or assistive aids. PMID:27622710

A Scaling Research on Faculty Characteristics That Higher Education Students Prioritize

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Güvendir, Meltem Acar

2014-01-01

In view of the importance of taking student preferences into account while establishing educational practices, this study explores which faculty member characteristic fourth year students mostly prefer in a higher education institution. A faculty member characteristics form that includes ten characteristics was administered to 419 fourth year…

Higher-Order Corrections to Earthʼs Ionosphere Shocks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdelwahed, H. G.; El-Shewy, E. K.

2017-01-01

Nonlinear shock wave structures in unmagnetized collisionless viscous plasmas composed fluid of positive (negative) ions and nonthermally electron distribution are examined. For ion shock formation, a reductive perturbation technique applied to derive Burgers equation for lowest-order potential. As the shock amplitude decreasing or enlarging, its steepness and velocity deviate from Burger equation. Burgers type equation with higher order dissipation must be obtained to avoid this deviation. Solution for the compined two equations has been derived using renormalization analysis. Effects of higher-order, positive- negative mass ratio Q, electron nonthermal parameter δ and kinematic viscosities coefficient of positive (negative) ions {η }1 and {η }2 on the electrostatic shocks in Earth’s ionosphere are also argued. Supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University under the Research Project No. 2015/01/4787

VIEW SHOWING STORAGE AREA IN CARPORT. VIEW FACING NORTH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW SHOWING STORAGE AREA IN CARPORT. VIEW FACING NORTH - Camp H.M. Smith and Navy Public Works Center Manana Title VII (Capehart) Housing, Three-Bedroom Single-Family Type 9, Birch Circle, Elm Drive, Elm Circle, and Date Drive, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

VIEW OF HALLWAY, LOOKING TOWARDS BEDROOMS. VIEW FACING SOUTHEAST ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW OF HALLWAY, LOOKING TOWARDS BEDROOMS. VIEW FACING SOUTHEAST - Camp H.M. Smith and Navy Public Works Center Manana Title VII (Capehart) Housing, Three-Bedroom Single-Family Type 9, Birch Circle, Elm Drive, Elm Circle, and Date Drive, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

High-resolution, continuous field-of-view (FOV), non-rotating imaging system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Huntsberger, Terrance L. (Inventor); Stirbl, Robert C. (Inventor); Aghazarian, Hrand (Inventor); Padgett, Curtis W. (Inventor)

2010-01-01

A high resolution CMOS imaging system especially suitable for use in a periscope head. The imaging system includes a sensor head for scene acquisition, and a control apparatus inclusive of distributed processors and software for device-control, data handling, and display. The sensor head encloses a combination of wide field-of-view CMOS imagers and narrow field-of-view CMOS imagers. Each bank of imagers is controlled by a dedicated processing module in order to handle information flow and image analysis of the outputs of the camera system. The imaging system also includes automated or manually controlled display system and software for providing an interactive graphical user interface (GUI) that displays a full 360-degree field of view and allows the user or automated ATR system to select regions for higher resolution inspection.

29. View captioned Construction of Shipbuilding Dock, general view looking ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

29. View captioned Construction of Shipbuilding Dock, general view looking southwest, completed. Jan. 2, 1919. - Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Drydock No. 3, Farragut Avenue, Bremerton, Kitsap County, WA

Partially-overlapped viewing zone based integral imaging system with super wide viewing angle.

PubMed

Xiong, Zhao-Long; Wang, Qiong-Hua; Li, Shu-Li; Deng, Huan; Ji, Chao-Chao

2014-09-22

In this paper, we analyze the relationship between viewer and viewing zones of integral imaging (II) system and present a partially-overlapped viewing zone (POVZ) based integral imaging system with a super wide viewing angle. In the proposed system, the viewing angle can be wider than the viewing angle of the conventional tracking based II system. In addition, the POVZ can eliminate the flipping and time delay of the 3D scene as well. The proposed II system has a super wide viewing angle of 120° without flipping effect about twice as wide as the conventional one.

Accreditation and Quality Assurance in the Egyptian Higher Education System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schomaker, Rahel

2015-01-01

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the quality of the Egyptian accreditation system. With a view on the high competition in the domestic labor market as well as with regards to the international competitiveness of Egyptian graduates and the potential role of Egyptian universities in the international market for higher education, a high quality of…

Commodity versus Common Good: Internationalization in Latin-American Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leal, Marco Aurelio Navarro

2017-01-01

The aim of this paper is to explore the meaning of internationalization using some Latin American experiences of higher education, to identify two views of this activity and pose the need for reflection upon internationalization as a means that should correspond to pedagogical ends in the context of globalization. [For the complete Volume 15…

VIEW OF FRONT, RECESSED ENTRY. VIEW FACING EAST Camp ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW OF FRONT, RECESSED ENTRY. VIEW FACING EAST - Camp H.M. Smith and Navy Public Works Center Manana Title VII (Capehart) Housing, Three-Bedroom Single-Family Types 8 and 11, Birch Circle, Elm Drive, Elm Circle, and Date Drive, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

Animal derived products may conflict with religious patients’ beliefs

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Implants and drugs with animal and human derived content are widely used in medicine and surgery, but information regarding ingredients is rarely obtainable by health practitioners. A religious perspective concerning the use of animal and human derived drug ingredients has not thoroughly been investigated. The purpose of this study was to clarify which parts of the medical and surgical treatments offered in western world-hospitals that conflicts with believers of major religions. Methods Religious and spiritual leaders of the six largest religions worldwide (18 branches) were contacted. A standardised questionnaire was sent out regarding their position on the use of human and animal derived products in medical and surgical treatments. Results Of the 18 contacted religious branches, 10 replied representing the 6 largest religions worldwide. Hindus and Sikhs did not approve of the use of bovine or porcine derived products, and Muslims did not accept the use of porcine derived drugs, dressings or implants. Christians (including Jehovah’s Witnesses), Jews and Buddhists accepted the use of all animal and human derived products. However, all religions accepted the use of all these products in case of an emergency and only if alternatives were not available. Conclusions The views here suggest that religious codes conflict with some treatment regimens. It is crucial to obtain informed consent from patients for the use of drugs and implants with animal or human derived content. However, information on the origin of ingredients in drugs is not always available to health practitioners. PMID:24289542

Morning view, brick post detail; view also shows dimensional wallconstruction ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Morning view, brick post detail; view also shows dimensional wall-construction detail. North wall, with the camera facing northwest. - Beaufort National Cemetery, Wall, 1601 Boundary Street, Beaufort, Beaufort County, SC

Interior view, perspective view looking from the east southeast to ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Interior view, perspective view looking from the east southeast to fireplace and mantel - National Park Seminary, Music Hall, Linden Lane at western edge of campus, Silver Spring, Montgomery County, MD

Interior view, room 1103 northeast anteroom, general view to show ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Interior view, room 1103 northeast anteroom, general view to show fireplace and windows - National Park Seminary, Music Hall, Linden Lane at western edge of campus, Silver Spring, Montgomery County, MD

Constraining Viewing Geometries of Pulsars with Single-Peaked Gamma-ray Profiles Using a Multiwavelength Approach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seyffert, A. S.; Venter, C.; Johnson, T. J.; Harding, A. K.

2012-01-01

Since the launch of the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi spacecraft in June 2008, the number of observed gamma-ray pulsars has increased dramatically. A large number of these are also observed at radio frequencies. Constraints on the viewing geometries of 5 of 6 gamma-ray pulsars exhibiting single-peaked gamma-ray profiles were derived using high-quality radio polarization data [1]. We obtain independent constraints on the viewing geometries of 6 by using a geometric emission code to model the Fermi LAT and radio light curves (LCs). We find fits for the magnetic inclination and observer angles by searching the solution space by eye. Our results are generally consistent with those previously obtained [1], although we do find small differences in some cases. We will indicate how the gamma-ray and radio pulse shapes as well as their relative phase lags lead to constraints in the solution space. Values for the flux correction factor (f(omega)) corresponding to the fits are also derived (with errors).

Gravity Wave Variances and Propagation Derived from AIRS Radiances

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gong, Jie; Wu, Dong L.; Eckermann, S. D.

2012-01-01

As the first gravity wave (GW) climatology study using nadir-viewing infrared sounders, 50 Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) radiance channels are selected to estimate GW variances at pressure levels between 2-100 hPa. The GW variance for each scan in the cross-track direction is derived from radiance perturbations in the scan, independently of adjacent scans along the orbit. Since the scanning swaths are perpendicular to the satellite orbits, which are inclined meridionally at most latitudes, the zonal component of GW propagation can be inferred by differencing the variances derived between the westmost and the eastmost viewing angles. Consistent with previous GW studies using various satellite instruments, monthly mean AIRS variance shows large enhancements over meridionally oriented mountain ranges as well as some islands at winter hemisphere high latitudes. Enhanced wave activities are also found above tropical deep convective regions. GWs prefer to propagate westward above mountain ranges, and eastward above deep convection. AIRS 90 field-of-views (FOVs), ranging from +48 deg. to -48 deg. off nadir, can detect large-amplitude GWs with a phase velocity propagating preferentially at steep angles (e.g., those from orographic and convective sources). The annual cycle dominates the GW variances and the preferred propagation directions for all latitudes. Indication of a weak two-year variation in the tropics is found, which is presumably related to the Quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). AIRS geometry makes its out-tracks capable of detecting GWs with vertical wavelengths substantially shorter than the thickness of instrument weighting functions. The novel discovery of AIRS capability of observing shallow inertia GWs will expand the potential of satellite GW remote sensing and provide further constraints on the GW drag parameterization schemes in the general circulation models (GCMs).

Multifunctional Cinnamic Acid Derivatives.

PubMed

Peperidou, Aikaterini; Pontiki, Eleni; Hadjipavlou-Litina, Dimitra; Voulgari, Efstathia; Avgoustakis, Konstantinos

2017-07-25

Our research to discover potential new multitarget agents led to the synthesis of 10 novel derivatives of cinnamic acids and propranolol, atenolol, 1-adamantanol, naphth-1-ol, and (benzylamino) ethan-1-ol. The synthesized molecules were evaluated as trypsin, lipoxygenase and lipid peroxidation inhibitors and for their cytotoxicity. Compound 2b derived from phenoxyphenyl cinnamic acid and propranolol showed the highest lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition (IC 50 = 6 μΜ) and antiproteolytic activity (IC 50 = 0.425 μΜ). The conjugate 1a of simple cinnamic acid with propranolol showed the higher antiproteolytic activity (IC 50 = 0.315 μΜ) and good LOX inhibitory activity (IC 50 = 66 μΜ). Compounds 3a and 3b , derived from methoxylated caffeic acid present a promising combination of in vitro inhibitory and antioxidative activities. The S isomer of 2b also presented an interesting multitarget biological profile in vitro . Molecular docking studies point to the fact that the theoretical results for LOX-inhibitor binding are identical to those from preliminary in vitro study.

[Temporal Analysis of Body Sway during Reciprocator Motion Movie Viewing].

PubMed

Sugiura, Akihiro; Tanaka, Kunihiko; Wakatabe, Shun; Matsumoto, Chika; Miyao, Masaru

2016-01-01

We aimed to investigate the effect of stereoscopic viewing and the degree of awareness of motion sickness on posture by measuring body sway during motion movie viewing. Nineteen students (12 men and 7 women; age range, 21-24 years) participated in this study. The movie, which showed several balls randomly positioned, was projected on a white wall 2 m in front of the subjects through a two-dimensional (2-D)/three-dimensional (3-D) convertible projector. To measure body sway during movie viewing, the subjects stood statically erect on a Wii balance board, with the toe opening at 18 degrees. The study protocol was as follows: The subjects watched (1) a nonmoving movie for 1 minute as the pretest and then (2) a round-trip sinusoidally moving-in-depth-direction movie for 3 minutes. (3) The initial static movie was shown again for 1 minute. Steps (2) and (3) were treated as one trial, after which two trials (2-D and 3-D movies) were performed in a random sequence. In this study, we found that posture changed according to the motion in the movie and that the longer the viewing time, the higher the synchronization accuracy. These tendencies depended on the level of awareness of motion sickness or the 3-D movie viewed. The mechanism of postural change in movie viewing was not vection but self-defense to resolve sensory conflict between visual information (spatial swing) and equilibrium sense (motionlessness).

Tensor-product kernel-based representation encoding joint MRI view similarity.

PubMed

Alvarez-Meza, A; Cardenas-Pena, D; Castro-Ospina, A E; Alvarez, M; Castellanos-Dominguez, G

2014-01-01

To support 3D magnetic resonance image (MRI) analysis, a marginal image similarity (MIS) matrix holding MR inter-slice relationship along every axis view (Axial, Coronal, and Sagittal) can be estimated. However, mutual inference from MIS view information poses a difficult task since relationships between axes are nonlinear. To overcome this issue, we introduce a Tensor-Product Kernel-based Representation (TKR) that allows encoding brain structure patterns due to patient differences, gathering all MIS matrices into a single joint image similarity framework. The TKR training strategy is carried out into a low dimensional projected space to get less influence of voxel-derived noise. Obtained results for classifying the considered patient categories (gender and age) on real MRI database shows that the proposed TKR training approach outperforms the conventional voxel-wise sum of squared differences. The proposed approach may be useful to support MRI clustering and similarity inference tasks, which are required on template-based image segmentation and atlas construction.

Perspective view of the Oregon Trunk Railway Freight Depot, view ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Perspective view of the Oregon Trunk Railway Freight Depot, view looking west at south end of building - Oregon Trunk Railway Freight Depot, Southwest First Street & Cascade Avenue, Redmond, Deschutes County, OR

Perspective view of Polar Bear Restaurant, 25 G Street, view ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Perspective view of Polar Bear Restaurant, 25 G Street, view looking northeast - Lakeview Downtown Historic District, E, F & G Streets between Second Street North & First Street South, Lakeview, Lake County, OR

Detail view of Fanno Creek trestle, showing trestle substructure, view ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Detail view of Fanno Creek trestle, showing trestle substructure, view looking north - Oregon Electric Railroad, Fanno Creek Trestle, Garden Home to Wilsonville Segment, Milepost 34.7, Garden Home, Washington County, OR

31. View captioned General view of Shipbuilding Dock with Ammunition ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

31. View captioned General view of Shipbuilding Dock with Ammunition Ships in process of construction. Aug. 13, 1919. - Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Drydock No. 3, Farragut Avenue, Bremerton, Kitsap County, WA

OVERALL view OF CONTROL BUILDING AND SECURITY GATE. view TO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

OVERALL view OF CONTROL BUILDING AND SECURITY GATE. view TO EAST. - Plattsburgh Air Force Base, Security Police Entry Control Building, Off Perimeter Road in Weapons Storage Area, Plattsburgh, Clinton County, NY

OVERALL VIEW OF CONTROL BUILDING AND SECURITY GATE. VIEW TO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

OVERALL VIEW OF CONTROL BUILDING AND SECURITY GATE. VIEW TO NORTH. - Plattsburgh Air Force Base, Security Police Entry Control Building, Off Perimeter Road in SAC Alert Area, Plattsburgh, Clinton County, NY

10. INTERIOR VIEW SHOWING MOUNTINGS FROM TUNING DEVICE. VIEW SHOWS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. INTERIOR VIEW SHOWING MOUNTINGS FROM TUNING DEVICE. VIEW SHOWS COPPER SHEETING ON WALLS. - Chollas Heights Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Helix House, 6410 Zero Road, San Diego, San Diego County, CA

How does c-view image quality compare with conventional 2D FFDM?

PubMed

Nelson, Jeffrey S; Wells, Jered R; Baker, Jay A; Samei, Ehsan

2016-05-01

The FDA approved the use of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in 2011 as an adjunct to 2D full field digital mammography (FFDM) with the constraint that all DBT acquisitions must be paired with a 2D image to assure adequate interpretative information is provided. Recently manufacturers have developed methods to provide a synthesized 2D image generated from the DBT data with the hope of sparing patients the radiation exposure from the FFDM acquisition. While this much needed alternative effectively reduces the total radiation burden, differences in image quality must also be considered. The goal of this study was to compare the intrinsic image quality of synthesized 2D c-view and 2D FFDM images in terms of resolution, contrast, and noise. Two phantoms were utilized in this study: the American College of Radiology mammography accreditation phantom (ACR phantom) and a novel 3D printed anthropomorphic breast phantom. Both phantoms were imaged using a Hologic Selenia Dimensions 3D system. Analysis of the ACR phantom includes both visual inspection and objective automated analysis using in-house software. Analysis of the 3D anthropomorphic phantom includes visual assessment of resolution and Fourier analysis of the noise. Using ACR-defined scoring criteria for the ACR phantom, the FFDM images scored statistically higher than c-view according to both the average observer and automated scores. In addition, between 50% and 70% of c-view images failed to meet the nominal minimum ACR accreditation requirements-primarily due to fiber breaks. Software analysis demonstrated that c-view provided enhanced visualization of medium and large microcalcification objects; however, the benefits diminished for smaller high contrast objects and all low contrast objects. Visual analysis of the anthropomorphic phantom showed a measureable loss of resolution in the c-view image (11 lp/mm FFDM, 5 lp/mm c-view) and loss in detection of small microcalcification objects. Spectral analysis of the

How does C-VIEW image quality compare with conventional 2D FFDM?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nelson, Jeffrey S., E-mail: nelson.jeffrey@duke.edu; Wells, Jered R.; Baker, Jay A.

Purpose: The FDA approved the use of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in 2011 as an adjunct to 2D full field digital mammography (FFDM) with the constraint that all DBT acquisitions must be paired with a 2D image to assure adequate interpretative information is provided. Recently manufacturers have developed methods to provide a synthesized 2D image generated from the DBT data with the hope of sparing patients the radiation exposure from the FFDM acquisition. While this much needed alternative effectively reduces the total radiation burden, differences in image quality must also be considered. The goal of this study was to comparemore » the intrinsic image quality of synthesized 2D C-VIEW and 2D FFDM images in terms of resolution, contrast, and noise. Methods: Two phantoms were utilized in this study: the American College of Radiology mammography accreditation phantom (ACR phantom) and a novel 3D printed anthropomorphic breast phantom. Both phantoms were imaged using a Hologic Selenia Dimensions 3D system. Analysis of the ACR phantom includes both visual inspection and objective automated analysis using in-house software. Analysis of the 3D anthropomorphic phantom includes visual assessment of resolution and Fourier analysis of the noise. Results: Using ACR-defined scoring criteria for the ACR phantom, the FFDM images scored statistically higher than C-VIEW according to both the average observer and automated scores. In addition, between 50% and 70% of C-VIEW images failed to meet the nominal minimum ACR accreditation requirements—primarily due to fiber breaks. Software analysis demonstrated that C-VIEW provided enhanced visualization of medium and large microcalcification objects; however, the benefits diminished for smaller high contrast objects and all low contrast objects. Visual analysis of the anthropomorphic phantom showed a measureable loss of resolution in the C-VIEW image (11 lp/mm FFDM, 5 lp/mm C-VIEW) and loss in detection of small

Curriculum Alignment, Globalization, and Quality Assurance in South African Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDonald, Ria; van der Horst, Helen

2007-01-01

The democratization of South Africa has necessitated a transformation of the education system. The current transformational landscape of higher education in South Africa requires that basic curriculum concepts, and principles be rediscovered and, rethought with a view to ensuring that future educational practice is based on sound, and proven…

Agriculture, Environment and Higher Education--A Personal View of the Past, Present and Future

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morris, Dick

2004-01-01

Agricultural and environmental higher education has changed greatly over the past four decades. This article provides a personal review of the factors influencing this change. Economics, social attitudes and developments in technology and in theories of learning have all affected both what and how students need to learn. This is illustrated with…

Student Satisfaction with Portuguese Higher Education Institutions: The View of Different Types of Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sarrico, Cláudia S.; Rosa, Maria J.

2014-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to discuss student satisfaction with Portuguese higher education institutions, and to analyse how this varies for different types of students. A survey instrument was used to collect data on students' perceptions and expectations regarding different aspects of service provision. Based on the gap model of satisfaction,…

GENERAL PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE COMPLEX, VIEW LOOKING NORTHWEST AT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE COMPLEX, VIEW LOOKING NORTHWEST AT THE OREGON FORESTER'S OFFICE BUILDING, WITH MILL CREEK IN THE FOREGROUND. - Oregon State Forester's Office Complex, 2600 State Street, Salem, Marion, OR

Topographic view of the Grande Ronde River Bridge, view looking ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Topographic view of the Grande Ronde River Bridge, view looking south - Grande Ronde River Bridge, Sprnning Grande Ronde River on Old Oregon Trail Highway (Oregon Route 6), La Grande, Union County, OR

Interior view, view looking from the southeast corner to the ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Interior view, view looking from the southeast corner to the northwest in direction of the door connecting it to the north entry hall - Fort Hill, Clemson University Campus, Clemson, Pickens County, SC

6. VIEW NORTH, INTERIOR VIEW OF BUILDING 11, SUPERSONIC WIND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. VIEW NORTH, INTERIOR VIEW OF BUILDING 11, SUPERSONIC WIND TUNNEL - Naval Surface Warfare Center, Supersonic Wind Tunnel Building, Bounded by Clara Barton Parkway & McArthur Boulevard, Silver Spring, Montgomery County, MD

14. View to southwest. View through truss along centerline from ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. View to southwest. View through truss along centerline from below deck. (65mm lens) - South Fork Trinity River Bridge, State Highway 299 spanning South Fork Trinity River, Salyer, Trinity County, CA

20. View to southeast. Aerial view of bridge in setting; ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

20. View to southeast. Aerial view of bridge in setting; downstream side. (135mm lens) - South Fork Trinity River Bridge, State Highway 299 spanning South Fork Trinity River, Salyer, Trinity County, CA

1. General oblique view of north and east sides, view ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. General oblique view of north and east sides, view to southwest, showing main loading docks - Fort Hood, World War II Temporary Buildings, Cold Storage Building, Seventeenth Street, Killeen, Bell County, TX

VIEW OF SOUTHEAST SIDE OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER HOUSE, VIEW TOWARDS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW OF SOUTHEAST SIDE OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER HOUSE, VIEW TOWARDS NORTHWEST - St. Lucie Canal, Lock No. 1, Hydroelectric Power House, St. Lucie, Cross State Canal, Okeechobee Intracoastal Waterway, Stuart, Martin County, FL

View south; detail view of column A13, south bay ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View south; detail view of column A13, south bay - Naval Base Philadelphia-Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Foundry-Propeller Shop, North of Porter Avenue, west of Third Street West, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

Approach view of the Spring Creek Bridge, view looking south. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Approach view of the Spring Creek Bridge, view looking south. - Spring Creek Bridge, Spanning Spring Creek at Milepoint 253.98 on Oregon to California Highway (US Route 97), Chiloquin, Klamath County, OR

Elevation view of the Spring Creek Bridge, view looking east. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Elevation view of the Spring Creek Bridge, view looking east. - Spring Creek Bridge, Spanning Spring Creek at Milepoint 253.98 on Oregon to California Highway (US Route 97), Chiloquin, Klamath County, OR

Approach view of the Spring Creek Bridge, view looking north. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Approach view of the Spring Creek Bridge, view looking north. - Spring Creek Bridge, Spanning Spring Creek at Milepoint 253.98 on Oregon to California Highway (US Route 97), Chiloquin, Klamath County, OR

General perspective view of the Marion Creek Bridge, view looking ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General perspective view of the Marion Creek Bridge, view looking southwest. - Marion Creek Bridge, Spanning Marion Creek at Milepoint 66.42 on North Santiam Highway (OR-22), Marion Forks, Linn County, OR

General perspective view of the Marion Creek Bridge, view looking ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General perspective view of the Marion Creek Bridge, view looking southeast. - Marion Creek Bridge, Spanning Marion Creek at Milepoint 66.42 on North Santiam Highway (OR-22), Marion Forks, Linn County, OR

DETAIL INTERIOR VIEW OF CONTROL PANEL IN CONTROL STATION, VIEW ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

DETAIL INTERIOR VIEW OF CONTROL PANEL IN CONTROL STATION, VIEW TOWARDS WEST - St. Lucie Canal, Lock No. 1, Control Station, St. Lucie, Cross State Canal, Okeechobee Intracoastal Waterway, Stuart, Martin County, FL

22. View showing main anchor arm, as viewed from main ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

22. View showing main anchor arm, as viewed from main cantilever arm looking south. Note upper chord eyebar arrangement. - Williamstown-Marietta Bridge, Spanning Ohio River between Williamstown & Marietta, Williamstown, Wood County, WV

Interior view, room 1103, view of fireplace and mantel, and ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Interior view, room 1103, view of fireplace and mantel, and inglenook, looking from the southeast - National Park Seminary, Music Hall, Linden Lane at western edge of campus, Silver Spring, Montgomery County, MD

The Market Need for Off-Campus Cable-Based Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McBride, Jack

A study was made of the market need for cable television-based higher education from an off-campus and non-traditional point of view. State University of Nebraska (SUN) is such an endeavor. Reduced to its essence, SUN is three things: (1) an extensive investigation into non-traditional education; (2) a new exportable model for systematized design…

What Do Leaders Think? Reflections on the Implementation of Higher Education Reforms in Armenia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karakhanyan, Susanna Yuri; van Veen, Klaas; Bergen, Theo C. M.

2012-01-01

Leader perceptions of higher education reforms in Armenia are examined in order to gain an insight into how they view the reforms, their role in the reforms and the roles of others. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six Armenian higher education leaders and analysed in terms of the following five aspects relevant to leadership: policy…

Contextual view of Building 250 along C Street, view facing ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Contextual view of Building 250 along C Street, view facing southwest - U.S. Marine Corps Base Hawaii, Kaneohe Bay, Warehouse 250, Aviation Storehouse, C Street between Fifth & Sixth Streets, Kaneohe, Honolulu County, HI

Oblique view of the south and west sides, view facing ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Oblique view of the south and west sides, view facing northeast - U.S. Marine Corps Base Hawaii, Kaneohe Bay, Warehouse 250, Aviation Storehouse, C Street between Fifth & Sixth Streets, Kaneohe, Honolulu County, HI

Oblique view of the north and east sides, view facing ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Oblique view of the north and east sides, view facing southwest - U.S. Marine Corps Base Hawaii, Kaneohe Bay, Warehouse 250, Aviation Storehouse, C Street between Fifth & Sixth Streets, Kaneohe, Honolulu County, HI

General perspective view of the Grande Ronde River Bridge, view ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General perspective view of the Grande Ronde River Bridge, view looking southeast - Grande Ronde River Bridge, Sprnning Grande Ronde River on Old Oregon Trail Highway (Oregon Route 6), La Grande, Union County, OR

General perspective view of the Grande Ronde River Bridge, view ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General perspective view of the Grande Ronde River Bridge, view looking southwest - Grande Ronde River Bridge, Sprnning Grande Ronde River on Old Oregon Trail Highway (Oregon Route 6), La Grande, Union County, OR

13. View to northeast. View along centerline from Humboldt County ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. View to northeast. View along centerline from Humboldt County side of bridge. (90mm lens) - South Fork Trinity River Bridge, State Highway 299 spanning South Fork Trinity River, Salyer, Trinity County, CA

12. View to southwest. View along centerline from Trinity County ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. View to southwest. View along centerline from Trinity County side of bridge. (90mm lens) - South Fork Trinity River Bridge, State Highway 299 spanning South Fork Trinity River, Salyer, Trinity County, CA

GENERAL PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE COMPLEX, VIEW LOOKING WEST AT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE COMPLEX, VIEW LOOKING WEST AT THE MOTORPOOL, AUTOMOTIVE SHOP AND FOREST PROTECTION BUILDING (FROM LEFT TO RIGHT). - Oregon State Forester's Office Complex, 2600 State Street, Salem, Marion, OR

View northeast toward west side of building 68. View partially ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View northeast toward west side of building 68. View partially obscured by automobiles and storage structures. - Naval Air Station North Island, Seaplane Hangars, Roe Street, North Island, San Diego, San Diego County, CA

PLANAR VIEW OF NORTHWEST SIDE OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER HOUSE, VIEW ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

PLANAR VIEW OF NORTHWEST SIDE OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER HOUSE, VIEW TOWARDS SOUTHEAST - St. Lucie Canal, Lock No. 1, Hydroelectric Power House, St. Lucie, Cross State Canal, Okeechobee Intracoastal Waterway, Stuart, Martin County, FL

1. General view of Oregon Electric Railway, view looking north ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. General view of Oregon Electric Railway, view looking north at Hedges Creek trestle. - Oregon Electric Railroad, Hedges Creek Trestle, Garden Home to Wilsonville Segment, Milepost 38.7, Garden Home, Washington County, OR

General perspective view of the Spring Creek Bridge, view looking ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General perspective view of the Spring Creek Bridge, view looking southeast. - Spring Creek Bridge, Spanning Spring Creek at Milepoint 253.98 on Oregon to California Highway (US Route 97), Chiloquin, Klamath County, OR

General perspective view of the Spring Creek Bridge, view looking ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General perspective view of the Spring Creek Bridge, view looking northwest. - Spring Creek Bridge, Spanning Spring Creek at Milepoint 253.98 on Oregon to California Highway (US Route 97), Chiloquin, Klamath County, OR

General perspective view of the Spring Creek Bridge, view looking ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General perspective view of the Spring Creek Bridge, view looking east. - Spring Creek Bridge, Spanning Spring Creek at Milepoint 253.98 on Oregon to California Highway (US Route 97), Chiloquin, Klamath County, OR

GENERAL VIEW OF SOUTH AND WEST FACADES OF PACKING AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL VIEW OF SOUTH AND WEST FACADES OF PACKING AND JOB SHOP; BUILDING TO LEFT IS PRODUCTION FACILITY FOR ALCOA, SMALL BRICK BUILDING AT FAR RIGHT ON HIGHER GROUND IS THE FORMER ELECTRIC LIGHT PLANT FOR ALLEGHENY VALLEY LIGHT COMPANY - Alcoa-New Kensington Works, Packing & Job Shop, New Kensington, Westmoreland County, PA

A dual-view digital tomosynthesis imaging technique for improved chest imaging

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhong, Yuncheng; Lai, Chao-Jen; Wang, Tianpeng

Purpose: Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) has been shown to be useful for reducing the overlapping of abnormalities with anatomical structures at various depth levels along the posterior–anterior (PA) direction in chest radiography. However, DTS provides crude three-dimensional (3D) images that have poor resolution in the lateral view and can only be displayed with reasonable quality in the PA view. Furthermore, the spillover of high-contrast objects from off-fulcrum planes generates artifacts that may impede the diagnostic use of the DTS images. In this paper, the authors describe and demonstrate the use of a dual-view DTS technique to improve the accuracy of themore » reconstructed volume image data for more accurate rendition of the anatomy and slice images with improved resolution and reduced artifacts, thus allowing the 3D image data to be viewed in views other than the PA view. Methods: With the dual-view DTS technique, limited angle scans are performed and projection images are acquired in two orthogonal views: PA and lateral. The dual-view projection data are used together to reconstruct 3D images using the maximum likelihood expectation maximization iterative algorithm. In this study, projection images were simulated or experimentally acquired over 360° using the scanning geometry for cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). While all projections were used to reconstruct CBCT images, selected projections were extracted and used to reconstruct single- and dual-view DTS images for comparison with the CBCT images. For realistic demonstration and comparison, a digital chest phantom derived from clinical CT images was used for the simulation study. An anthropomorphic chest phantom was imaged for the experimental study. The resultant dual-view DTS images were visually compared with the single-view DTS images and CBCT images for the presence of image artifacts and accuracy of CT numbers and anatomy and quantitatively compared with root-mean-square-deviation (RMSD

Art in the eye of the beholder: the perception of art during monocular viewing.

PubMed

Finney, Glen Raymond; Heilman, Kenneth M

2008-03-01

To explore whether monocular viewing affects judgment of art. Each superior colliculus receives optic nerve fibers primarily from the contralateral eye, and visual input to each colliculus activates the ipsilateral hemisphere. In previous studies, monocular viewing influenced performance on visual-spatial and verbal memory tasks. Eight college-educated subjects, 6 men and 2 women, monocularly viewed 10 paintings with the right eye and another 10 with the left. Subjects had not previously seen the paintings. Each time, 5 paintings were abstract expressionist and 5 were impressionist. The orders of eye viewing and painting viewed were pseudorandomized and counterbalanced. Subjects rated on a 1 to 10 scale 4 qualities of the paintings: representation, aesthetics (beauty), novelty, and closure (completeness). Paintings in the abstract expressionist style had a significant difference in the rating of novelty; the paintings were rated more novel when viewed with the left eye than with the right eye. There was a trend for rating paintings as having more closure when viewing with the right eye than with the left. Impressionist paintings show no differences. Monocular viewing influences artistic judgments; novelty being rated higher when viewed with the left eye. Asymmetric projections from each eye and hemispheric specialization are posited to explain these differences.

Interior view showing the framing for the main roof, view ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Interior view showing the framing for the main roof, view facing south - U.S. Marine Corps Base Hawaii, Kaneohe Bay, Warehouse 250, Aviation Storehouse, C Street between Fifth & Sixth Streets, Kaneohe, Honolulu County, HI

Morning view, contextual view showing unpaved corridor down the westernmost ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Morning view, contextual view showing unpaved corridor down the westernmost lane where the wall section (E) will be removed; camera facing north-northwest. - Beaufort National Cemetery, Wall, 1601 Boundary Street, Beaufort, Beaufort County, SC

3. View to southwest. Oblique view of downstream side of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. View to southwest. Oblique view of downstream side of bridge and west pier. (135mm lens) - South Fork Trinity River Bridge, State Highway 299 spanning South Fork Trinity River, Salyer, Trinity County, CA

2. View to east. Oblique view of downstream side of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. View to east. Oblique view of downstream side of bridge and east pier. (135mm lens) - South Fork Trinity River Bridge, State Highway 299 spanning South Fork Trinity River, Salyer, Trinity County, CA

14. View north of Tropic wind tunnel and frontal view ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. View north of Tropic wind tunnel and frontal view of main fan (typical). - Natick Research & Development Laboratories, Climatic Chambers Building, U.S. Army Natick Research, Development & Engineering Center (NRDEC), Natick, Middlesex County, MA

South view; Interior view of covered ramp to Street Car ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

South view; Interior view of covered ramp to Street Car Waiting House from Station Building - North Philadelphia Station, 2900 North Broad Street, on northwest corner of Broad Street & Glenwood Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

North view; Interior view of covered ramp to Station Building ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

North view; Interior view of covered ramp to Station Building from Street Car Waiting House - North Philadelphia Station, 2900 North Broad Street, on northwest corner of Broad Street & Glenwood Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

33. INTERIOR VIEW TO THE NORTH OF A VIEWING WINDOW ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

33. INTERIOR VIEW TO THE NORTH OF A VIEWING WINDOW IN ROOM 108, THE OPERATIONS AREA. - Nevada Test Site, Pluto Facility, Disassembly Building, Area 26, Wahmonie Flats, Cane Spring Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

Interior view, law library closer view to show painted details ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Interior view, law library closer view to show painted details on the groin vaults - United States Department of Commerce, Bounded by Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and E streets and Constitution Avenue, Washington, District of Columbia, DC

Interior view, room 1103, view looking from the southeast to ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Interior view, room 1103, view looking from the southeast to fireplace and mantel and inglenook, with scale - National Park Seminary, Music Hall, Linden Lane at western edge of campus, Silver Spring, Montgomery County, MD

9. View to northeast. Oblique view of upstream side of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. View to northeast. Oblique view of upstream side of bridge from approximately deck level. (90mm lens) - South Fork Trinity River Bridge, State Highway 299 spanning South Fork Trinity River, Salyer, Trinity County, CA

GENERAL PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE COMPLEX, VIEW LOOKING EAST AT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE COMPLEX, VIEW LOOKING EAST AT THE FOREST PROTECTION BUILDING, THE MOTORPOOL, AND THE AUTOMOTIVE SHOP (FROM LEFT TO RIGHT). - Oregon State Forester's Office Complex, 2600 State Street, Salem, Marion, OR

15. INTERIOR VIEW OF PROPELLER STAND VIEWING ROOM AND SCOPE. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. INTERIOR VIEW OF PROPELLER STAND VIEWING ROOM AND SCOPE. - Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Area B, Building No. 20A, Propeller Test Complex, Seventh Street, from E to G Streets, Dayton, Montgomery County, OH

12. Interior view, grain tanks (bins). Profile view of overhead ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. Interior view, grain tanks (bins). Profile view of overhead (fill) conveyor gallery bridge extending through tops of tanks just below roofs. - Saint Anthony Elevator No. 3, 620 Malcom Avenue, Southeast, Minneapolis, Hennepin County, MN

Topographic view of the Marion Creek Bridge, view looking westbound ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Topographic view of the Marion Creek Bridge, view looking westbound on the Santiam Highway. - Marion Creek Bridge, Spanning Marion Creek at Milepoint 66.42 on North Santiam Highway (OR-22), Marion Forks, Linn County, OR

7. GENERAL VIEW. VIEW FROM SOUTH SIDE OF BROADWAY LOOKING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey