Women in Higher Education, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wenniger, Mary Dee Ed.

1998-01-01

This document consists of the twelve consecutive numbers of the newsletter "Women in Education", published during 1998. This newsletter focus on issues concerned with women students, women faculty, and women administrators in higher education. Each issue includes feature articles, news items, and profiles of significant people. Feature articles…

Financial Literacy Education for Women

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jarecke, Jodi; Taylor, Edward W.; Hira, Tahira K.

2014-01-01

Exploring the pedagogical approaches of four women's financial literacy education programs, this chapter provides an overview of trends and needs in financial education for women and offers pedagogical strategies for teaching women about finance.

Career and Education Patterns of Rural Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lichtman, Marilyn; Rothschild, Susan J. S.

Data drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 and follow-up surveys through 1979 were used to explore career and educational patterns of two groups of women: those who received their high school education in rural areas and remained, and those who left for larger communities. Over 40% of the sample were…

In the Company of Educated Women: A History of Women and Higher Education in America.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Solomon, Barbara Miller

The social, cultural, and economic circumstances that have shaped the development of women's higher education are discussed. After considering colonial America when women were outsiders to liberal arts institutions, the creation of women's and co-educational colleges is traced and the process by which women of different ethnic, racial, religious,…

Business Education for Women Entrepreneurs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kent, Calvin

1983-01-01

Summarizes the importance of entrepreneurship to the American economy, presents a profile of women small business owners, reviews the research pertaining to business education for women entrepreneurs, and indicates an agenda directed toward the educational needs of women venture initiators. (NRJ)

Health education needs of incarcerated women.

PubMed

Dinkel, Shirley; Schmidt, Katie

2014-07-01

This study identifies the healthcare education needs of incarcerated women in a state corrections facility. This was a naturalistic qualitative study. Focus groups included two groups of adult women incarcerated in a state corrections facility. One group consisted of women housed in maximum security, and one group consisted of women housed in medium security. Data were analyzed using a constant comparison approach. Three guiding questions provided the foundation for the identified themes. Themes included six healthcare education topics important to incarcerated women and three related to health education strategies best suited for incarcerated women. Trust, respect and empowerment are key concepts in educating incarcerated women about their personal health and health of their families. With over 200,000 women incarcerated in the United States today, creating policies and practices that focus on the healthcare education needs of women that are woman focused may enhance knowledge and skills and may ultimately lead to reduced recidivism. © 2014 Sigma Theta Tau International.

Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards menopause among highly educated Asian women in their midlife.

PubMed

Memon, Fouzia R; Jonker, Leon; Qazi, Roshan A

2014-12-01

To determine knowledge levels, and attitudes and perceptions towards, menopause among highly educated Asian women in their midlife. A cross-sectional survey. Five teaching institutions in Hyderabad, Pakistan. In total, 200 out of 225 (89% response rate) teachers, lecturers and professors, aged 40-59 years, were surveyed in 2013 using a self-administered questionnaire. The mean age of responders was 48 years. Premenopausal and perimenopausal women attributed for 58%, whereas 42% were postmenopausal. All women had a masters degree; 15% had a PhD degree. Forty-six percent of responders thought they had sufficient knowledge about the menopause and 87% had positive perceptions about it, with 76% feeling life was easier and calmer as a result of it. Reported negative perceptions included 30% of women experiencing feelings of grumpiness, irritability, altered work capability and loss of femininity. Health professionals were an information resource. of 60% of cases, only 5% of participants knew about hormone replacement therapy and none knew about available alternative therapies. Despite the fact that the majority of women felt well informed and exhibited a positive attitude towards menopause, a strong urge for more knowledge was expressed. Public health care systems should mobilize resources and take measures to improve women's awareness and knowledge about menopause-related changes through a variety of educational tools and media, including the Internet. A recommendation would be for physicians to provide more information about menopausal symptoms and also therapies to alleviate these symptoms, regardless of the patient's socioeconomic background. © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

Women's Education and Earnings in California

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Werschkul, Misha; Gault, Barbara; Caiazza, Amy; Hartmann ,Heidi

2005-01-01

This publication is part of a joint project of the American Association of University Women Educational Foundation and the Institute for Women's Policy Research to analyze women's educational status in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. The report includes detailed information on the educational status of women and the…

Reflections on having children in the future—interviews with highly educated women and men without children

PubMed Central

Eriksson, Carola; Larsson, Margareta

2012-01-01

Background There is a trend to delay birth of the first child until the age at which female reproductive capacity has started to decrease. The aim of the present study was to explore how highly educated women and men reflected on future parenthood. Methods Twenty-two women and 18 men, who had started their professional career, were subjected to individual qualitative semi-structured interviews with qualitative content analysis guiding the analysis. Results All informants, except for three women, planned to have children when some important prerequisites were fulfilled. Women and men reflected in much the same way, and prerequisites for parenthood were being of reasonable age and having a partner in the same phase of life. A reasonable age was considered in relation to reproductive capacity, and both women and men expressed awareness of the natural decline in fertility at higher ages. Good living conditions with stable finances were also important. Parenthood was perceived as a challenge and a sacrifice but also as enriching life. Reasons for having children included being part of the future and settling down to build their own family. Many concluded that there would never be a perfect time for having children. Conclusion Highly educated women and men reflect on various factors when considering family planning. Being of reasonable age and having good living conditions, in particular a sound personal economy, were important. Given their goals, it is not surprising that many postpone parenthood until ages when female reproductive capacity is decreased. PMID:22300332

Influence of Skills and Education on Work Choices of Muscogee (Creek) Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kawulich, Barbara B.

The influence of skills and education on work choices of Muscogee (Creek) women was examined in an ethnographic study during which 16 Muscogee women with educational levels ranging from an eighth grade boarding school education to a master's degree participated in multiple personal guided interviews. Only two of the women were not high school…

Women in Higher Education Administration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Association of American Colleges, Washington, DC. Project on the Status and Education of Women.

Two papers are presented that examine the barriers to women in academic decision making and identify a variety of effective strategies for improving the status of women in higher education administration. "Strategies for Advancing Women in Higher Education Administration," by Garry D. Hays, proposes that commitment to increasing the…

Women-Only (Homophilous) Networks Supporting Women Leaders in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coleman, Marianne

2010-01-01

Purpose: This paper aims to consider what all-women networks have, and might offer, in terms of support and development of women in educational leadership. Design/methodology/approach: The study draws on two case studies of such networks in education in England, the first, a regional network for women secondary school principals, and the other…

Educating Welfare Women in College.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilbert, Caroline Marie

The importance of higher education for women on welfare, the needs of welfare women in college, and college services provided to this population are discussed, along with model college programs, and policy implications for local, state, and federal programs. It is proposed that single-parent women on welfare have access to higher education so they…

Reflections on fertility and postponed parenthood-interviews with highly educated women and men without children in Sweden.

PubMed

Eriksson, Carola; Larsson, Margareta; Skoog Svanberg, Agneta; Tydén, Tanja

2013-05-01

Different reasons influence the current low birth-rate and the postponement of the birth of the first child throughout Europe. The aim of this study was to explore how highly educated women and men in Sweden reflect on fertility and postponed parenthood. We interviewed women (n = 22) and men (n = 18) who had started their professional careers and still had no children. Data were analysed with qualitative content analysis. Fertility was perceived as an unconsidered capacity, sometimes unpredictable, and different for women and men, but nevertheless taken for granted. The participants were of the opinion that fertility could be restored by assisted reproductive technologies or replaced by alternatives to a biological child. Postponed parenthood was described as an adaptation to societal changes and current discourses about parenthood as well as a consequence of a contemporary lifestyle with many competing priorities. Highly educated young women and men in contemporary Sweden have competing priorities when planning and setting goals for their lives, and having children is one of them. They describe fertility as an imperceptible and retrievable capacity and postponed parenthood as a rational adaptation to changes in society. These findings suggest that increased information about the limitations of human reproduction is needed, but also that societal support for younger parents is of utmost importance.

Women Education in Nigeria: Predicaments and Hopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akubuilo, Francis; Omeje, Monica

2012-10-01

This paper is focused on women education in Nigeria. It traces the genesis of western education in Nigeria and bias that existed from the traditional Nigerian society against women education. It identified and discussed barriers to women education in Nigeria. Recent trend in enrolment at various levels of education shows improvement in favor of women. In view of this realization, this paper argues that if the current momentum is sustained, women will not only achieve equal status to men in educational attainment but also have the tendency to surpass men within the next ten to fifteen years. The implications could be outreaching as the paper proffers some recommendations.

Why Have Educational Disparities in Mortality Increased among White Women in the United States?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Montez, Jennifer Karas; Zajacova, Anna

2013-01-01

Since the mid-1980s differences in mortality risk across education levels have widened considerably among non-Hispanic white women. For example, while mortality has "declined" among college-educated women, it has remained fairly "stable" among women with a high school credential or some college education and "increased" among women without a high…

Educational attainment and the transition to first marriage among Japanese women.

PubMed

Raymo, James M

2003-02-01

I use data from a large nationally representative survey to examine the relationship between women's educational attainment and the timing of first marriage in Japan. The results indicate that later marriage for highly educated women primarily reflects longer enrollment in school, that university education is increasingly associated with later and less marriage, and that the trend toward later and less marriage is occurring at all levels of educational attainment. These findings are consistent, albeit weakly, with the argument that higher education should be negatively associated with marriage only in countries in which gender relations make it particularly difficult for women to balance work and family.

Women's Higher Education in Comparative Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kelly, Gail P., Ed.; Slaughter, Sheila, Ed.

This book presents a collection of essays on the effect of national policies and practices on women's access to higher education, the type of courses in which women are enrolled, women's roles as academics, and how the outcomes of higher education affect women in the academic workforce and the economy. Various countries are represented in the…

Educating Women in America.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schwager, Sally

1987-01-01

Surveys literature on the history of coeducation, focusing on the marginalization of women. Discusses these themes: republican education; female literacy; the girls' academy; women and the history of teaching; life-cycle patterns; the migration of teachers from New England; black women teachers; urbanization and feminization; immigration; students…

Girls' and Women's Education in India.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Bangkok (Thailand). Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.

As a result of intensive advocacy, girls' and women's education is a developmental priority in India. Availability of international development assistance for basic education and women's education has gone up significantly. Government and donor perceptions of gender issues in education and the importance of reaching out to girls to achieve the…

Equality in Education for Indian Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krepps, Ethel

1980-01-01

Historically, Indian women have been denied education due to: early marriage and family responsibilities; lack of money; inadequate family attention to education; the threat education poses to Indian men; and geographical location. Indian tribes can best administer funds and programs to provide the education so necessary for Indian women. (SB)

Reflections on fertility and postponed parenthood—interviews with highly educated women and men without children in Sweden

PubMed Central

Eriksson, Carola; Skoog Svanberg, Agneta; Tydén, Tanja

2013-01-01

Background Different reasons influence the current low birth-rate and the postponement of the birth of the first child throughout Europe. The aim of this study was to explore how highly educated women and men in Sweden reflect on fertility and postponed parenthood. Methods We interviewed women (n = 22) and men (n = 18) who had started their professional careers and still had no children. Data were analysed with qualitative content analysis. Results Fertility was perceived as an unconsidered capacity, sometimes unpredictable, and different for women and men, but nevertheless taken for granted. The participants were of the opinion that fertility could be restored by assisted reproductive technologies or replaced by alternatives to a biological child. Postponed parenthood was described as an adaptation to societal changes and current discourses about parenthood as well as a consequence of a contemporary lifestyle with many competing priorities. Conclusion Highly educated young women and men in contemporary Sweden have competing priorities when planning and setting goals for their lives, and having children is one of them. They describe fertility as an imperceptible and retrievable capacity and postponed parenthood as a rational adaptation to changes in society. These findings suggest that increased information about the limitations of human reproduction is needed, but also that societal support for younger parents is of utmost importance. PMID:23305524

Red Women, White Policy: American Indian Women and Indian Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Warner, Linda Sue

This paper discusses American Indian educational policies and implications for educational leadership by Indian women. The paper begins with an overview of federal Indian educational policies from 1802 to the 1970s. As the tribes have moved toward self-determination in recent years, a growing number of American Indian women have assumed leadership…

Education of Women and Women's Expectations from Distance Education on the Issues Concerning Them

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Demiray, Emine

2014-01-01

The most important factor that enables women to become individuals in society is education. It is also a very crucial part of rectifying the circumstances they are in. Besides formal, mass and distance education institutions, there are some other mechanisms to support women's individuality, their personal development and improve gender equality.…

Changing the Subject: Women in Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davies, Sue, Ed.; And Others

This book contains 14 papers on women in higher education grouped in three sections on: experiences of women in higher education, empowerment of women, and women challenging the mainstream curriculum, respectively. The papers are: (1) "Being Different is a Very Difficult Row to Hoe: Survival Strategies of Women Academics" (Barbara…

Physics education: Understanding the barriers for young women in Ontario

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mainhood, Lindsay Ann

In nearly all countries of the world, at every level of education, physics as a field of science is failing to recruit and retain women. This phenomenon is believed to relate to girls' educational experiences from K-12, but the reasons for the gender gap in physics are not fully understood. The purpose of this phenomenological research is to explore and understand the barriers encountered by Ontario female high school students during their physics education and the meanings attributed to those barriers by these young women. This research is guided by social cognitive career theory (SCCT) and uses the concept of physics identity as a lens through which the influence of contextual barriers can be understood. Nine participants, selected via snowball sampling from an Eastern Ontario university, together participated in four semi-structured focus group meetings and individually participated in a single in-depth, one-on-one interview. Audio data was transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a general inductive approach. Emergent themes are descriptively presented as the findings of the research study: perceiving the high school physics experience, experiencing high school physics education, and identity and gender in the high school physics experience. Sub-themes presented include limited prior experiences, negative perceptions of physics, images of physics learners, decision-making, reactions to pedagogy, learning needs, physics identity, gender-dependent influences, and making meaning of the experiences in high school physics. The shared experience of high school physics education for young women is understood as both a richly challenging and rewarding experience. Based on the findings of this research, recommendations are made for practical and research settings, and for future work in this area. Drawing on literature on underrepresentation of women in physics, this research contributes to the physics education research community and beyond; it offers voices of Ontario

Smoke-free policies among Asian-American women: comparisons by education status.

PubMed

Tong, Elisa K; Tang, Hao; Tsoh, Janice; Wong, Candice; Chen, Moon S

2009-08-01

California has significantly decreased racial/ethnic and educational disparities in smoke-free home and indoor work policies. California's ethnic-specific surveys present an opportunity to disaggregate data and examine the impact of California's smoke-free social norm campaign for Asian-American women. The California Tobacco Use Surveys for Chinese Americans and Korean Americans were conducted in 2003 and analyzed in 2008 to compare women with lower (high school graduate) or higher education status for smoke-free policy adoption and enforcement. Lower-educated and higher-educated women had similar proportions of smoke-free policies at home (58%) or indoor work (90%). However, lower-educated women were more likely than higher-educated women to report anyone ever smoking at home (OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.06, 2.48, p=0.03) and exposure during the past 2 weeks at an indoor workplace (OR=2.43, 95% CI= 1.30, 4.55, p=0.005), even after controlling for ethnicity, smoke-free policy, knowledge about the health consequences of secondhand smoke exposure, and acculturation. There was no interaction between education and knowledge about secondhand smoke health harms. The intended consequences of California's tobacco-control efforts have resulted in similar rates of smoke-free policies at home and in indoor work environments among Asian-American women across educational levels. However, an unintended consequence of this success is a disparity in enforcement by educational status, with lower-educated Asian-American women reporting greater smoke exposure despite similar rates of knowledge about the health consequences of secondhand smoke exposure. Besides establishing policies, lower-educated Asian-American women may need to be empowered to assert and enforce their right to smoke-free environments.

Education for women's empowerment or schooling for women's subordination?

PubMed

Longwe, S H

1998-07-01

This article distinguishes between "schooling for subordination," the notion that promotes conventional schooling for women within existing school systems as a possible basis for them to improve their position in society and "education for empowerment," a more radical perspective that links women's advancement with the transformation of the patriarchal social order. The article opens by defining gender training as provision of skills and methods for improved gender-orientation of development programs. The conservative interpretation of gender training holds that it seeks to increase women's access to resources. The radical definition holds that inequality in access to resources is a mere symptom of a deeper problem caused by structural gender inequality and calls for conscientization of this problem. The two definitions of women's empowerment that follow this distinction are 1) a watered-down view of empowerment as self-reliance reflecting the conservative definition and 2) a more robust and pure view of empowerment as enabling women to identify and end the discriminatory practices that block their access to resources. It follows that education may be mere schooling for subordination in systems where patriarchal gatekeepers limit chances for women and where women who do succeed become "honorary males" and "queen bees" intent on repelling the advancement of other women. Education for empowerment can be found in gender training, which holds objectives that are opposite to those found in formal schooling and may be more readily adopted by women with less exposure to formal, patriarchal schools.

Women's Voices in Experiential Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Warren, Karen, Ed.

This book is a collection of feminist analyses of various topics in experiential education, particularly as it applies to outdoors and adventure education, as well as practical examples of how women's experiences can contribute to the field as a whole. Following an introduction, "The Quilt of Women's Voices" (Maya Angelou), the 25…

Education for Hmong Women in Thailand

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peng, Xuefang

2007-01-01

The Hmong are the second largest tribal group in Thailand. Hmong society is stratified by both age and gender. Women were considered inferior to men in Hmong traditional society. There was a strong bias against education for Hmong women in the past. Hmong women's access to education has improved with recent developments in the socio-economy and…

Smoke-Free Policies Among Asian-American Women: Comparisons by Education Status

PubMed Central

Tong, Elisa K; Tang, Hao; Tsoh, Janice; Wong, Candice; Chen, Moon S.

2009-01-01

Background California has significantly decreased racial/ethnic and educational disparities in smoke-free home and indoor work policies. California's ethnic-specific surveys present an opportunity to disaggregate data and examine the impact of California's smoke-free social norm campaign for Asian-American women. Methods The California Tobacco Use Surveys for Chinese Americans and Korean Americans were conducted in 2003 and analyzed in 2008 to compare women with lower (≤ high school graduate) or higher education status for smoke-free policy adoption and enforcement. Results Lower-educated and higher-educated women had similar proportions of smoke-free policies at home (58%) or indoor work (90%). However, lower-educated women were more likely than higher-educated women to report anyone ever smoking at home (OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.06, 2.48, p=0.03) and exposure during the past 2 weeks at an indoor workplace (OR=2.43, 95% CI= 1.30, 4.55, p=0.005), even after controlling for ethnicity, smoke-free policy, knowledge about the health consequences of secondhand smoke exposure, and acculturation. There was no interaction between education and knowledge about secondhand smoke health harms. Conclusions The intended consequences of California's tobacco-control efforts have resulted in similar rates of smoke-free policies at home and in indoor work environments among Asian-American women across educational levels. However, an unintended consequence of this success is a disparity in enforcement by educational status, with lower-educated Asian-American women reporting greater smoke exposure despite similar rates of knowledge about the health consequences of secondhand smoke exposure. Besides establishing policies, lower-educated Asian-American women may need to be empowered to assert and enforce their right to smoke-free environments. PMID:19591754

Women Leaders in Indian Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ambler, Marjane

1992-01-01

Draws from interviews with women serving as tribal college presidents in discussing the current and traditional roles of women in Indian society, why women lead 10 of the 28 member colleges of the American Indian Higher Education Consortium, the need for balanced leadership, and women's future role. (DMM)

Educators and Visionaries: Women in Educational Administration in New Brunswick.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gill, Barbara A.

A study was conducted during spring 1993 of 29 women educators in New Brunswick, Canada, who had either obtained a position or who were actively seeking a position in educational administration. About 25 percent of administrators in the Anglophone school system are women. The largest percentage of these women administrators are in rural school…

Exposure to intimate partner violence reduces the protective effect that women's high education has on children's corporal punishment: a population-based study.

PubMed

Salazar, Mariano; Dahlblom, Kjerstin; Solórzano, Lucia; Herrera, Andrés

2014-01-01

Previous studies have shown that women's education is protective against corporal punishment (CP) of children. However, the effect that women's exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) has on the association between women's education and children's CP has not been studied. To understand how the interaction between women's exposure to IPV and their education level influences the occurrence of children's CP at the household level. We selected 10,156 women who had at least one child less than 16 years old from cross-sectional data from the 2006-2007 Nicaraguan Demographic and Health Survey. Children's CP was defined as the punishment of children by slapping them, hitting them with a fist, or hitting them with a rope, belt, stick, or other object. IPV was measured by using a conflict tactic scale. The WHO Self-Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20) was used to assess the women's mental health. We computed adjusted risk ratios (ARR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator. Women's exposure to IPV was associated with a 10-17% increase in the risk of children's CP. IPV and children's CP were associated with impaired women's mental health. Women's lifetime exposure to emotional IPV and controlling behavior by a partner significantly decreased the protective effect from women's high education level on children's CP. When women were exposed to emotional IPV, the protective effect from having a college education decreased from ARR=0.61 (95% CI 0.47-0.80) to ARR=0.98 (95% CI 0.80-1.19). A similar pattern was found among women exposed to controlling behavior by a partner, the protective effect decreased from ARR=0.71 (95% CI 0.53-0.90) to ARR=0.86 (95% CI 0.70-1.06). This study shows how significant gains in one positive social determinant of children's well-being can be undermined when it interacts with men's violence toward women. Policies that aim to end children's CP must include actions to end women's exposure to IPV.

Understanding the Educational Attainment of Sexual Minority Women and Men*

PubMed Central

Mollborn, Stefanie; Everett, Bethany

2015-01-01

National studies have not analyzed sexual identity disparities in high school completion, college enrollment, or college completion in the United States. Using Add Health data, we document the relationship between adult sexual orientation and each of these outcomes. Many sexual minority respondents experienced disadvantages in adolescent academic achievement, school experiences, and social environments. This translates into educational attainment in complex, gendered ways. We find that the socially privileged completely heterosexual identity predicts higher educational attainment for women, while for men it is often a liability. Mostly heterosexual and gay identities are educationally beneficial for men but not women. There are college completion disparities between gay and mostly heterosexual women and their completely heterosexual counterparts. Bisexual respondents, especially women, have particularly problematic outcomes. Adolescent experiences, attitudes, and social contexts explain some of these differences. From adolescence through college, sexual minority groups, but especially females, need intervention to reduce substantial educational disparities. PMID:26257457

Opting For Families: Recent Trends in the Fertility of Highly Educated Women. NBER Working Paper No. 15074

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shang, Qingyan; Weinberg, Bruce A.

2009-01-01

Observers have argued about whether highly-educated women are opting out of their careers and for families. If so, it is natural to expect fertility to increase and, insofar as children are associated with lower employment, further declines in employment. This paper provides a comprehensive study of recent trends in the fertility of…

Status of Indian Women in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ghara, Tushar Kanti

2016-01-01

Women education and empowerment are the indicators of development. Women education ensures the holistic and long development. It includes equitable and increased access to technical and vocational education and training, higher education and research with due attention to quality assurance. This communication has taken a look on women…

Women's Attitudes and Educational Aspirations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bergquist, Diane K.; And Others

If theories of career decision-making among women are to emerge, research needs to investigate how the need to balance work and family roles affects women's career decisions. A study was undertaken to learn more about college women's attitudes toward their mothers, sex roles, higher education, and careers. College women (N=109) completed the…

The Contemporary Women's Movement and Women's Education in India.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Patel, Ila

1998-01-01

Examines how the contemporary women's movement in India (1975-present) has addressed the issue of women's education. Highlights contributions of the 19th-century social-reformist movement and the nationalist movement. Details the role of the contemporary women's movement in redefining knowledge and the curriculum. Concludes with challenges facing…

Educators and Visionaries: Women Educational Leaders in Action.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gill, Barbara A.

Over the past two decades women have demanded greater access to positions in educational administration. This paper presents findings of a study that examined the experiences of women teachers seeking administrative positions in New Brunswick, Canada. Specifically, the paper explored the women's views about leadership and the ways in which they…

Continuing Education of Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adult Education Association of U.S.A., Washington, DC.

This annotated bibliography of about 150 items on women's continuing education begins with descriptions of a newsletter and three bibliographies, followed by documents on sex differences in ability, achievement, and role perception. Four other sections cover employment related interests and needs, women's participation in programs by universities…

Summer Study in Engineering for High School Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldberg, Julie L.; Sedlacek, William E.

The transition between high school and college is a crucial point where many young women engaged in the applied sciences and engineering cease their participation. To help retain young women's interest and help bridge the gap between secondary school and higher education, The University of Maryland, College Park, held a six-week live-in academic…

Religious Education Leading to Higher Education for Women: Historical Insights on Modern Japan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Omori, Hideko

2013-01-01

This article discusses what kinds of religious education led to the improvement of women's status and the realization of higher education for women in modern Japan, by reconsidering the educational views of Jinzo Naruse (1859-1919), both a pioneer of Japanese women's education and a promoter of the Concordia movement (1912-1941), within the…

Women Art Educators II.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stankiewicz, Mary Ann, Ed.; Zimmerman, Enid, Ed.

In this monograph, the story of achievements and struggles of a number of women art educators from the past, in both formal and informal educational settings, is documented. There are two recurring themes in this collection of 14 essays: (1) a focus on individual educators in more traditional academic settings, and (2) the role of woman folk…

Breaking Boundaries: Women in Higher Education. Gender and Higher Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morley, Louise, Ed.; Walsh, Val, Ed.

Essays from women in higher education, organized around two major themes: diversity, equity, and change, and feminism in the academy, and with an emphasis on these issues in the United Kingdom, include: "Women and Careers in Higher Education: What Is the Problem?" (Christine Heward); "In the Prime of Their Lives? Older Women in…

Women's Education & Fertility Behaviour: Recent Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arizona State Univ., Tempe. Morrison Inst. for Public Policy.

This study is part of an ongoing research program concerned with the linkages between women's status and fertility. Among the various dimensions of women's status, education deserves special attention, since it largely conditions the quality of women's lives and is highly susceptible to improvement through policy intervention. Although women's…

Women in Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Donnell, Sheryl, Ed.; Shaver, Barbara, Ed.

1981-01-01

Articles on women's studies and females in higher education are presented in this publication. A University of North Dakota project that sought to promote the integration of new research and scholarship results into the curriculum is described in "Women's Equity Committee Offers a Model Project," (Leola Furman, Robert Young). Historical…

Policy Inroads Undermining Women in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marshall, Catherine; Young, Michelle

2013-01-01

Over the last decades, policy trends have differentially and negatively affected women educators, defied, denied or repressed feminist values and missed opportunities for using feminist insights to reframe policy issues. This article provides a critical feminist analysis of educational and social policies with negative implications for women in…

Women in Higher Education, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wenniger, Mary Dee, Ed.

1997-01-01

The 12 issues of this newsletter focus on issues concerned with women students, faculty, and administrators in higher education. Each issue includes feature articles, news items, and profiles of significant people. The issues' main articles address: women in athletics; leadership development for women; the first year in academic administration;…

Alternate Trajectories: Women Moving into Mathematics Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Toney, Allison F.

2014-01-01

While only about one-third of each year's doctoral graduates in mathematics are women, about two-thirds of the doctoral graduates in mathematics education are women. This article reports on the results of a qualitative investigation into the nature of the graduate school-related experiences of women in collegiate mathematics education doctoral…

Women, Education and Work in Nigeria

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anugwom, Edlyne E.

2009-01-01

This paper examines the implication of the growing educational opportunities for women in Nigeria. Although bias has existed from the traditional Nigerian society against women, recent events especially in education reveal a conquering of this deep-rooted prejudice. Enrollment figures particularly in the last ten years show a remarkable bridging…

Non-Traditional Educational Trajectories: The Educational Aspirations and Expectations of Women Who Are Educationally Disadvantaged

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coffield, Claudia Ditmar

2012-01-01

This dissertation focuses on the educational aspirations and expectations of a heterogeneous group of women who were enrolled in, or had graduated from, adult education and literacy programs in Boston, Massachusetts. The research questions guiding the inquiry are: (1) Why do educationally disadvantaged women value education--how are these values…

The Education of Women in the Arab States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mustaffa-Kedah, Omar

1975-01-01

A discussion of education and educational opportunities for women in Arab States includes formal education and literacy (examining formal education, primary school enrollment, and women's illiteracy) and non-formal education (examining a Saudi Arabian literacy program, joint action by Arab States, and the Arab Literacy and Adult Education…

Women's Participation in the Greek Educational System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Polydorides, Georgia

The evolution of women's participation in the Greek educational system during the last 20 years is considered, with emphasis on present developments. The pattern of this evolution along with educational policy measures and reforms are also discussed. Factors related to women's achievement patterns and mobility between educational levels are also…

Who Decides? Tanzanian Women's Narratives on Educational Advancement and Agency

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Okkolin, Mari-Anne

2016-01-01

One of the critical issues deliberated amongst researchers on gender and education is that of choosing and decision-making. Often, the focus of analysis is framed through the concept of agency. In this paper, the analytical focus is on educational advancement and agency. The paper is based on narratives of 10 highly educated Tanzanian women.…

The Dangers of Educated Girls and Women

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

John, Vaughn M.

2016-01-01

Why do educated girls and women constitute a danger in some societies and for this face extreme danger in their educational endeavours? This article argues that historical and contemporary educational discrimination of girls and women is the hallmark of a violently patriarchal society, and this stubborn injustice is exacerbated under conditions of…

[The plant physiologist Julius von Sachs and the academic education of women].

PubMed

Gimmler, Hartmut

2005-01-01

The attitude of the famous plant physiologist Julius von Sachs (1832-1897) to higher education of women is described on the basis of some new documents. Generally, Sachs was in favour of academic education of women at universities, but initially wanted to exclude females from the study of medicine. However, by the example of a bright young Russian lady, who studied medicine in St. Petersburg and who worked 1871 in his laboratory in Würzburg on lower fungi for some time (presumably illegally, since the access for woman to the university was at that time officially forbidden in Würzburg), he changed his mind: 1) In contrast to many colleagues of his time he granted females similar intelligence and skills as males and stated that women had legal rights for the access to the university. 2) He favoured the general necessity of higher education (in particular in science) for women and did not see any contrast in respect to this to the role of women in the society as wives, mothers, and housewives. 3) Access to the university would stimulate the development of young women and thereby would be an improvement for our society. However, in conclusion he asked himself, whether the higher education of females should take place at special women colleges (not existing at that time in Germany) or at universities and whether girl students should preferentially become teachers at high schools for daughters of the high society. He admitted that he also felt uncomfortable because of the threatening job competition between young academic male (traditionally the majority of students in science) and female students. The liberal view of Sachs in respect to higher education of women is compared to the rather conservative view of his former student and friend Hugo Thiel.

Distinct association between educational attainment and overweight/obesity in unmarried and married women: evidence from a population-based study in Japan.

PubMed

Murakami, Keiko; Ohkubo, Takayoshi; Hashimoto, Hideki

2017-11-25

Associations between education and obesity have been consistently reported among women in developed countries, but few studies have considered the influence of marital status and husbands' education. This study aimed to examine differences in the association between education and overweight/obesity by marital status and to determine the contribution of husbands' education to overweight/obesity among community-dwelling Japanese women. A questionnaire survey was conducted from 2010 to 2011 among residents aged 25-50 years in Japanese metropolitan areas. Of 2145 women who agreed to participate and completed the survey, 582 were unmarried and 1563 were married. Overweight/obesity was defined as body mass index ≥25 kg/m 2 . Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine whether women's or their husbands' education was associated with overweight/obesity after adjusting for age, work status, and equivalent income. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 11.9% among unmarried women and 10.3% among married women. Women's own education was significantly associated with overweight/obesity among unmarried women but not among married women. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of high school education or lower compared with university education or higher was 3.21 (95% confidence interval: 1.59-6.51) among unmarried women. Among married women, husbands' education was significantly associated with overweight/obesity: women whose husbands' educational attainment was high school or lower had significantly higher odds of overweight/obesity than did those whose husbands had a university education or higher (1.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.10-2.55). Among married women whose educational attainment was college or higher, women whose husbands' educational attainment was high school or lower had a significantly higher risk for overweight/obesity when compared with women whose husbands' educational attainment was college or higher. Associations between women's own

Effects of education based on the health belief model on screening behavior in high risk women for breast cancer, Tehran, Iran.

PubMed

Hajian, Sepideh; Vakilian, Katayon; Najabadi, Khadijeh Mirzaii; Hosseini, Jalil; Mirzaei, Hamid Reza

2011-01-01

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Early diagnosis allows efficient treatment and increases survival, but the efficacy of breast self examination (BSE) is not sufficiently well established. The American Cancer Society aims to give women the opportunity to recognize the utility, limitations and adverse effects of breast cancer screening through education models based on psychological theories. With the Health Belief Model, people's health perceptions and attitudes influence their practices, for example with screening. The purpose of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to determine the effect of education based on this model on breast cancer screening in high risk Iranian women. Participants were women with a family history of breast cancer (mother, sister, and daughter). After explanation of the study objectives to participants, they were recruited on obtaining oral consent and each filled out the study questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model. Allocation was into two groups by computerized randomization, control and intervention, receiving education on breast cancer screening. Perceived susceptibility to and seriousness of breast cancer, perceived usefulness of and barriers to BSE, clinical breast examination, and mammography, and self-efficacy in the ability to perform these, were assessed, with comparison of scores for BSE practice before and after education and doing mammography and clinical examination by a physician in intervention and control group. The mean age was 37.8 ± 11.7 (range 19-60). The mean rank in the intervention group significantly differed before and after the education, but except for " perceived threat" and "perceived usefulness of breast self examination", we did not find any significant differences from the control group. After educational sessions, breast self examination and clinical examination practice rates were elevated. Health education based on well known psychological theories for breast cancer

Gender discrimination, educational attainment, and illicit drug use among U.S. women

PubMed Central

Carliner, Hannah; Sarvet, Aaron L.; Gordon, Allegra R.; Hasin, Deborah S.

2016-01-01

Purpose While gender inequality has been a topic of concern for decades, little is known about the relationship between gender discrimination and illicit drug use. Further, whether this association varies by education level is unknown. Methods Among 19,209 women participants in Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (2004–2005), we used logistic regression to test the association between gender discrimination (measured with four items from the Experiences of Discrimination instrument) and three outcomes: past-year illicit drug use, frequent drug use, and drug use disorders. We then tested whether associations differed by education level. Results Gender discrimination was reported by 9% of women and was associated with past-year drug use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=2.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.17–3.29), frequent drug use (aOR=2.82; CI=1.99–4.00), and past year drug use disorders (aOR=3.15; CI=2.16–4.61). All specific domains of gender discrimination (on the job, in public, with institutions, being called a sexist name) were associated with all drug use outcomes. The association between gender discrimination and past-year drug use was stronger among women with less than a high school education (aOR=6.33; CI=3.38–11.85) compared to those with more education (aOR=2.45; CI=1.97–3.04; pinteraction<0.01). Conclusions Gender discrimination is consistently and strongly associated with illicit drug use and drug use disorders among U.S. women, with significantly higher odds for drug use among women with less than a high school education. Future research should examine whether explicitly addressing distress from discrimination could benefit women in drug treatment, especially among clients with lower educational attainment. PMID:28025690

Gender discrimination, educational attainment, and illicit drug use among U.S. women.

PubMed

Carliner, Hannah; Sarvet, Aaron L; Gordon, Allegra R; Hasin, Deborah S

2017-03-01

While gender inequality has been a topic of concern for decades, little is known about the relationship between gender discrimination and illicit drug use. Further, whether this association varies by education level is unknown. Among 19,209 women participants in Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (2004-2005), we used logistic regression to test the association between gender discrimination (measured with four items from the Experiences of Discrimination instrument) and three outcomes: past-year illicit drug use, frequent drug use, and drug use disorders. We then tested whether associations differed by education level. Gender discrimination was reported by 9% of women and was associated with past-year drug use [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.17-3.29], frequent drug use (aOR = 2.82; CI 1.99-4.00), and past-year drug use disorders (aOR = 3.15; CI 2.16-4.61). All specific domains of gender discrimination (on the job, in public, with institutions, being called a sexist name) were associated with all drug use outcomes. The association between gender discrimination and past-year drug use was stronger among women with less than a high school education (aOR = 6.33; CI 3.38-11.85) compared to those with more education (aOR = 2.45; CI 1.97-3.04; p interaction  < 0.01). Gender discrimination is consistently and strongly associated with illicit drug use and drug use disorders among U.S. women, with significantly higher odds for drug use among women with less than a high school education. Future research should examine whether explicitly addressing distress from discrimination could benefit women in drug treatment, especially among clients with lower educational attainment.

Spanish Speaking Women and Higher Education: A Review of Their Current Status. Minority Women and Higher Education #2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Association of American Colleges, Washington, DC. Project on the Status and Education of Women.

Educators are increasingly seeking information about minority women as they attempt to develop realistic, viable programs to benefit them. This paper summarizes some of the relevant data concerning the educational and economic status of Spanish speaking women. Whenever possible, ethnic variations are noted. In general, the data are divided into…

Sickness absence as an interactive process: gendered experiences of young, highly educated women with mental health problems.

PubMed

Verdonk, Petra; de Rijk, Angelique; Klinge, Ineke; de Vries, Anneke

2008-11-01

Highly educated Dutch women experience more work related mental health disability than their male counterparts, and yet little is known regarding the process. Using the theory of symbolic interactionism, we examined how women interpret their roles at work, during sick leave, and upon their return to work. Semi-structured interviews focusing on role perceptions and interactions with other actors were conducted with 13 women (aged 29-41 years) on sick leave or off work for periods ranging from half a year to 8 years. The women worked overtime because of work aholism, or to meet supervisors' expectations. This led to mental health problems and social isolation. Taking sick leave aided recovery, but further isolated the women. Insufficient support from the workplace and social insurance professionals intensified negative feelings. Psychological counselling provided alternatives whereby work and private roles could become more balanced. However, their reintegration into the workplace failed because the women could not implement these strategies when the organizational culture failed to change. A long lead-up time preceded sickness absence and sick leave allowed for recovery and value adjustment. However, a variety of interpretations reinforced the women's individualized focus, thereby hampering their successful reintegration. Given the importance of implementing effective sick leave prevention measures in the workplace, psychological treatment should focus on women's interactions with their work environment.

Women's Agency and Educational Policy: The Experiences of the Women of Kilome, Kenya. SUNY Series, the Social Context of Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kiluva-Ndunda, Mutindi Mumbua

This book examines rural African women's educational experiences in Kilome, Kenya, providing testimony on the cultural, historical, social, economic, and political factors that have shaped, and continue to shape, women's educational and economic opportunities there. The author, a Kamba woman who grew up in rural Kenya and received an education in…

Improvement of older women's sexuality through emancipatory education.

PubMed

Baldissera, Vanessa Denardi Antoniassi; Bueno, Sonia Maria Villela; Hoga, Luiza Akiko Komura

2012-01-01

The purpose of this action research (AR) was to explore the ways in which sexuality is experienced daily and to improve the expression of older women's sexuality. The pedagogy of autonomy as proposed by the Brazilian educator Paulo Freire theoretically supported this AR, with the participation of six older adult women living in a rural setting in southwest Brazil. The older women's experiences regarding sexuality, their concerns, and their educational demands could be summarized through five phrases: the improvement of self-esteem as a way to promote sexuality; sexuality impaired by loneliness and lack of affection; men's sexual satisfaction seen as a woman's obligation; women's sexuality controlled by the society; and relinquishment of the companion to attend to the expectations of family members. Dialogical and participative educational approaches and continuous observation-participation strategies were performed to support the women's care and educational requirements.

Women in Higher Education Administration: Status and Strategies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finlay, Cheryl Schratz; Crosson, Patricia H.

1981-01-01

The status of women in higher education administration and strategies for increasing their numbers are considered, based on research studies on women and job structures in higher education, and from information on organizations and programs. General observations based on the studies include the following: women are underrepresented in major…

High School Women's Liberation. FPS: A Magazine of Young People's Liberation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

1976

This pamphlet contains 19 consciousness-raising articles for high-school women which help define their roles and rights as females, family members, and participants in the labor market. The first section, Education and Liberation, discusses ways in which schools, families, and society suppress women. For example, women are urged to take home…

Women's Changing Attitudes toward Divorce, 1974-2002: Evidence for an Educational Crossover

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Steven P.; Parashar, Sangeeta

2006-01-01

This article examines trends in divorce attitudes of young adult women in the United States by educational attainment from 1974 to 2002. Women with 4-year college degrees, who previously had the most permissive attitudes toward divorce, have become more restrictive in their attitudes toward divorce than high school graduates and women with some…

Highlights in the History of the Education of Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zuelow, Margo J.

The history of the education of women from prehistory through the 1960s reveals constant themes. In every period, obstacles reflecting the prevalent social attitudes were placed in the paths of women seeking education. Economic conditions directly affected the status and scope of women's education, although certain disciplines such as religion and…

Explaining the Widening Education Gap in Mortality among U.S. White Women

PubMed Central

Montez, Jennifer Karas; Zajacova, Anna

2013-01-01

Over the last half century the gap in mortality across education levels grew in the United States, and since the mid-1980s the growth was especially pronounced among white women. The reasons for the growth among white women are unclear. We investigated three explanations—social-psychological factors, economic circumstances, and health behaviors—for the widening education gap in mortality across 1997-2006 among white women 45-84 years of age. We used data from the National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality File (N=46,744; deaths=4,053). We found little support for social-psychological factors; however, economic circumstances and health behaviors jointly explained the growing education gap in mortality to statistical nonsignificance. Employment and smoking were the most important individual components. Increasing high school graduation rates, reducing smoking prevalence, and designing work-family policies that help women find and maintain desirable employment may reduce mortality inequalities among women. PMID:23723344

Explaining the widening education gap in mortality among U.S. white women.

PubMed

Montez, Jennifer Karas; Zajacova, Anna

2013-06-01

Over the past half century the gap in mortality across education levels has grown in the United States, and since the mid-1980s, the growth has been especially pronounced among white women. The reasons for the growth among white women are unclear. We investigated three explanations-social-psychological factors, economic circumstances, and health behaviors-for the widening education gap in mortality from 1997 to 2006 among white women aged 45 to 84 years using data from the National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality File (N = 46,744; 4,053 deaths). Little support was found for social-psychological factors, but economic circumstances and health behaviors jointly explained the growing education gap in mortality to statistical nonsignificance. Employment and smoking were the most important individual components. Increasing high school graduation rates, reducing smoking prevalence, and designing work-family policies that help women find and maintain desirable employment may reduce mortality inequalities among women.

Assessing the impact of educational campaigns on controlling HCV among women in prison settings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mushayabasa, S.; Bhunu, C. P.; Smith?, Robert J.

2012-04-01

Prior studies have shown that imprisonment is a major risk factor for hepatitis C infection, with the risk of infection directly proportional to the length of incarceration. Women are at least twice as likely as men to contract HCV as they have limited access to information, health services and safe intravenous drug injecting equipments. We develop a mathematical model to assess the impact of educational campaigns on controlling HCV among women in prison settings. Equilibria for the model are determined and their stability are examined. Population-level effects of increased educational campaigns to encourage safe injecting practices among women in prison are evaluated through numerical simulations. The results suggest that educating women prisoners about abstaining from intravenous drug misuse may significantly reduce HCV prevalence among women in prison settings. Targeted education campaigns, which are effective at stopping transmission of HCV more than 80% of the time, will be highly effective at controlling the disease among women in prisons.

Associations between education and personal income with body mass index among Australian women residing in disadvantaged neighborhoods.

PubMed

Williams, Lauren K; Andrianopoulos, Nick; Cleland, Verity; Crawford, David; Ball, Kylie

2013-01-01

The aims of the current study were to (1) determine the association between personal income and body mass index (BMI) and between individual education and BMI, and (2) examine the association between education and BMI across strata of personal income among women. The design of the study was a quantitative analysis of data from self-report questionnaires. The study setting was socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods in Victoria, Australia. The study included 4065 nonpregnant women (ages 18-45 years) living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. The study used a self-report questionnaire measuring sociodemographic characteristics known to be associated with BMI. Multiple linear regressions with imputation were used to assess the association between education level, personal income, and BMI, while controlling for covariates. Mean (SD) observed BMI was 26.0 (6.1) kg/m2. Compared with women with low education, women with medium (b = -0.81; 95% confidence interval, -1.30 to -0.27; p = .004) and high (b = -1.71; 95% confidence interval, -2.34 to -1.09; p < .001) education had statistically significantly lower BMI values. No differences in BMI were observed between income categories. Stratified analyses suggested that the education-BMI association may be stronger in low-income than higher-income women. Our data show that among women living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas, high education level rather than personal income may be protective against overweight/obesity. High personal income, however, may buffer the effects of low education on BMI. Obesity prevention efforts should target women with amplified disadvantage.

Empowerment of Women through Education in Twenty First Century

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moradi Sheykhjan, Tohid; Rajeswari, K.; Jabari, Kamran

2014-01-01

This article explores theoretical and practical issues related to the impact of women's education in their empowerment. The development of women's education is discussed in this study. As women's education has become one of the key development objectives in the recent decades, the concept of empowerment has been tied to the range of activities…

Where Are All the Real Women in Higher Education?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pippins, Shirley

2008-01-01

As organizations like the American Council on Education are seeking to advance women in higher education, and many of them are approaching (or avoiding) retirement age, many women with great potential are questioning whether a leadership opportunity in higher education is for them. As a new generation of women leaders prepares to enter the higher…

Educational attainment, perceived control and the quality of women's diets.

PubMed

Barker, Mary; Lawrence, Wendy; Crozier, Sarah; Robinson, Siân; Baird, Janis; Margetts, Barrie; Cooper, Cyrus

2009-06-01

Data from the Southampton Women's Survey have established that women of lower educational attainment have poorer quality diets than those of higher educational attainment. This relationship is strong and graded such that for every increase in level of educational qualification, there is an increase in the likelihood that a woman will have a better quality diet. It is not wholly explained by socio-economic status. Qualitative research carried out in Southampton suggests that women of lower educational attainment may have a poorer diet because they feel they lack control over the food choices they make for themselves and their families. We set out to investigate the relationship between educational attainment, perceived control and quality of diet in a sample of women from Southampton. Cross-sectional study using structured interviews in which women's diet, educational attainment and perceived control were assessed. 19 Children's Centres and baby clinics in Southampton, UK. 372 women, median age 28 years. Quality of diet assessed by prudent diet score produced from principal components analysis of 20-item food frequency questionnaire, and perceived control assessed by a validated questionnaire. Women of lower educational attainment tended to have lower prudent diet scores and lower perceived control scores than women of higher educational attainment. Having a lower prudent diet score was associated with consuming fewer vegetables and vegetable dishes, less wholemeal bread and vegetarian food, and more chips and roast potatoes, meat pies, Yorkshire puddings and pancakes, crisps and snacks, white bread and added sugar. In a regression model both lower educational attainment and lower perceived control were associated with lower prudent diet scores, independent of the effects of confounding factors. However there was an interaction effect such that lower perceived control was only related to prudent diet score in the group of women of lower educational attainment. Women

Excluding Women from the Educational Realm.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Jane Roland

1982-01-01

Martin examines the exclusion of women from philosophy of education both as subjects who have written about education and as objects of educational study and thought. She traces this exclusion from a misunderstanding of Plato, Rousseau, and Pestalozzi and builds a critique of the concepts of education, liberal education, and teaching. (Author/SK)

Women in Vocational Education. Project Baseline Supplemental Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Steele, Marilyn

Reviewing the current status of women in vocational education, the study determines whether there is a cause-effect relationship between school practices and limited job options for women in the world of work. According to a review and analysis of available data, schools at all levels are operating separate vocational education programs for women.…

Women in Higher Education Administration: A Book of Readings.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berry, Margaret C., Ed.

The status and satisfaction of women in higher education administration are addressed in 29 articles. Contents include the following: Why Don't Women Aspire to Leadership Positions in Education (Sylvia-Lee Tibbets); Training Women for Administration (Rae Andre and Mary I. Edwards); Kindergarten: The Training Ground for Women in Administration…

Women's Education, Marital Violence, and Divorce: A Social Exchange Perspective.

PubMed

Kreager, Derek A; Felson, Richard B; Warner, Cody; Wenger, Marin R

2013-06-01

Drawing on social exchange theories, the authors hypothesized that educated women are more likely than uneducated women to leave violent marriages and suggested that this pattern offsets the negative education - divorce association commonly found in the United States. They tested these hypotheses using 2 waves of young adult data on 914 married women from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The evidence suggests that the negative relationship between women's education and divorce is weaker when marriages involve abuse than when they do not. The authors observed a similar pattern when they examined the association of women's proportional earnings and divorce, controlling for education. Supplementary analyses suggested that marital satisfaction explains some of the association among women's resources, victimization, and divorce but that marital violence continues to be a significant moderator of the education - divorce association. In sum, education appears to benefit women by both maintaining stable marriages and dissolving violent ones.

Violence against Educated Women by Intimate Partners in Urban Karnataka, India

PubMed Central

Kundapur, Rashmi; Shetty, Shruthi M.; Kempaller, Vinayak J.; Kumar, Ashwini; Anurupa, M.

2017-01-01

Background: Initially viewed as a human rights issue, partner violence is increasingly seen as an important public health problem of international concern. Objectives: To assess the extent of physical, sexual, psychological, and controlling behavior of intimate partners against women in an educated society and find the association with age, age of marriage, married years, educational status of the women and that of partner. Materials and Methods: A prevalence of 15% was taken and final sample was 200, after considering loss of follow-up. Statistical Methods: Proportion, Z-test, Chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of violence against intimate partner in educated society was found to be 40.5% in a South Indian city. Physical assault was high in 30–50 years and increased with duration of marriage from 5.5% at 5 years to 33.3% in 10–20 years of married life. Sexual and psychological assault also increased in <5 years of married life to 35% and 47.6% in 10–20 years duration of marriage, which was statistically significant. Sexual and psychological assault showed a bimodal presentation. Less educated women and their partners were found to report more violence, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Violence against women is not uncommon in the educated society. PMID:28852277

World Religions, Women and Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

King, Ursula

1987-01-01

Examines religious traditions--Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Islam, and Western Christianity--to see how women were taught and what knowledge was transmitted to them. Notes that women have always had some access to religious knowledge in informal ways but were excluded from formal education once sacred knowledge became transmitted in an…

Women and Higher Education; Recommendations for Change.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cohen, Audrey C.

Society has traditionally discriminated against women in the educational and professional areas, and studies have shown that even talented and educated women are affected by what has been labeled "a climate of unexpectation." Colleges and universities, as part of their responsibility to build a new society, must play a major part in affecting…

Glass Ceiling for Women in Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schedler, Petra; Glastra, Folke; Hake, Barry

2003-01-01

Discusses the place of women in higher education in the Netherlands. Suggests that it is not a question of numbers but of orientation, field, and the glass ceiling. Asserts that despite some improvement, higher education may be one of the last bastions against the recognition of women's worth. (Contains 42 references.) (JOW)

Educational Inequalities in Obesity among Mexican Women: Time-Trends from 1988 to 2012

PubMed Central

Perez Ferrer, Carolina; McMunn, Anne; Rivera Dommarco, Juan A.; Brunner, Eric J.

2014-01-01

Background Obesity is one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality. Trends in educational inequalities in obesity prevalence among Mexican women have not been analysed systematically to date. Methods Data came from four nationally representative surveys (1988, 1999, 2006, and 2012) of a total of 51 220 non-pregnant women aged 20 to 49. Weight and height were measured during home visits. Education level (higher education, high school, secondary, primary or less) was self-reported. We analysed trends in relative and absolute educational inequalities in obesity prevalence separately for urban and rural areas. Results Nationally, age-standardised obesity prevalence increased from 9.3% to 33.7% over 25 years to 2012. Obesity prevalence was inversely associated with education level in urban areas at all survey waves. In rural areas, obesity prevalence increased markedly but there was no gradient with education level at any survey. The relative index of inequality in urban areas declined over the period (2.87 (95%CI: 1.94, 4.25) in 1988, 1.55 (95%CI: 1.33, 1.80) in 2012, trend p<0.001). Obesity increased 5.92 fold (95%CI: 4.03, 8.70) among urban women with higher education in the period 1988–2012 compared to 3.23 fold (95%CI: 2.88, 3.63) for urban women with primary or no education. The slope index of inequality increased in urban areas from 1988 to 2012. Over 0.5 M cases would be avoided if the obesity prevalence of women with primary or less education was the same as for women with higher education. Conclusions The expected inverse association between education and obesity was observed in urban areas of Mexico. The declining trend in relative educational inequalities in obesity was due to a greater increase in obesity prevalence among higher educated women. In rural areas there was no social gradient in the association between education level and obesity across the four surveys. PMID:24599098

Educational inequalities in obesity among Mexican women: time-trends from 1988 to 2012.

PubMed

Perez Ferrer, Carolina; McMunn, Anne; Rivera Dommarco, Juan A; Brunner, Eric J

2014-01-01

Obesity is one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality. Trends in educational inequalities in obesity prevalence among Mexican women have not been analysed systematically to date. Data came from four nationally representative surveys (1988, 1999, 2006, and 2012) of a total of 51 220 non-pregnant women aged 20 to 49. Weight and height were measured during home visits. Education level (higher education, high school, secondary, primary or less) was self-reported. We analysed trends in relative and absolute educational inequalities in obesity prevalence separately for urban and rural areas. Nationally, age-standardised obesity prevalence increased from 9.3% to 33.7% over 25 years to 2012. Obesity prevalence was inversely associated with education level in urban areas at all survey waves. In rural areas, obesity prevalence increased markedly but there was no gradient with education level at any survey. The relative index of inequality in urban areas declined over the period (2.87 (95%CI: 1.94, 4.25) in 1988, 1.55 (95%CI: 1.33, 1.80) in 2012, trend p<0.001). Obesity increased 5.92 fold (95%CI: 4.03, 8.70) among urban women with higher education in the period 1988-2012 compared to 3.23 fold (95%CI: 2.88, 3.63) for urban women with primary or no education. The slope index of inequality increased in urban areas from 1988 to 2012. Over 0.5 M cases would be avoided if the obesity prevalence of women with primary or less education was the same as for women with higher education. The expected inverse association between education and obesity was observed in urban areas of Mexico. The declining trend in relative educational inequalities in obesity was due to a greater increase in obesity prevalence among higher educated women. In rural areas there was no social gradient in the association between education level and obesity across the four surveys.

The Higher Education of Women: Essays in Honor of Rosemary Park.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Astin, Helen S.; Hirsch, Werner Z.

Essays include: some considerations on the higher education of women (Rosemary Park); three women, creators of change (Esther Raushenbush); women's education, the case for the single-sex college (Susan Romer Kaplan); liberal arts education and women's development (C. Robert Pace); women's studies, its origin, organization, and prospects (Sheila…

Women in Higher Education Management.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Commonwealth Secretariat, London (England).

This volume contains 11 papers on the under-representation of women in higher education management in Bahrain, Finland, France, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Peru, the United States and Canada, the South Pacific and the West Indies. All papers were written by women vice-chancellors, presidents and senior managers of universities in those…

Plans for Widening Women's Educational Opportunities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koontz, Elizabeth Duncan

This paper focuses on nonlegal plans for promoting women's educational opportunities and for overcoming institutional and psychological constraints that are discriminatory. The areas covered in this discussion include: continuing education programs; the open university and external degrees; education for "nontraditional professions"; career…

Writing for Women: Civic Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Bangkok (Thailand). Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.

Nearly 360 million women who live in the countries of Asia and the Pacific are illiterate. In this region, and in much of the world, women have restricted access to education, and are the victims of economic, social, and political marginalization. In recent years, governments have become increasingly aware that the inferior position assigned to…

Associations of Education Level and Bone Density Tests among Cognitively Intact Elderly White Women in Managed Medicare

PubMed Central

Shi, Di; Yin, Michael T.; Shi, Qiuhu; Hoover, Donald R.

2012-01-01

Objectives. To examine associations between having bone density tests and level of education among white elderly women in managed Medicare. Method. Data from the ninth through twelfth cohort (2006–2009) of the Medicare Health Outcome Survey (HOS) of managed Medicare plans were analyzed; 239331 white elderly women were included. Respondents were grouped by education level and the percentages of respondents who had lifetime bone density testing done among each group were analyzed. Results. 62.7% of respondents with less than a high school education reported previously taking a bone density test. This was lower than the 73.8% for respondents who completed high school and the 81.0% for respondents with more than a high school education. When potential confounding factors such as age, body mass index, marital status, smoking history, year of HOS survey, and region were factored in, the odds ratios of having a bone density test when compared to respondents with less than a high school education were 1.61 and 2.39, respectively, for those with just a high school education and more than a high school education (P < 0.001). Conclusion. Higher education was independently associated with greater use of bone density test in these elderly white women. PMID:23056041

Girls' and Women's Education in Thailand.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Bangkok (Thailand). Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.

Statistically, Thailand has eliminated gender disparity in access to education. Reasons that four women's conferences made very little impression on education reform could be no significant or overt discrimination against girls' enrollment and employment; education opportunity as more an issue of class (affordability) than gender (culture); and…

Minorities and Women and Honors Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harvey, Maria Luisa Alvarez

1986-01-01

Although honors education can be a key to the liberation of women and minorities, both groups continue to be underrepresented, perhaps because bright women and minority students are uncomfortable displaying their talents and adding pressure in an already stressful situation. (MSE)

Women in Higher Education, 1996.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wenniger, Mary Dee, Ed.

1996-01-01

This document consists of the issues of a 1996 newsletter on women students, teachers, and administrators in higher education. Each issue includes feature articles, news on higher education, profiles of significant people in the field, and job announcements. The issues' main articles concern: (1) a successful campaign to increase female…

Women in Higher Education, 1994.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wenninger, Mary Dee, Ed.

1994-01-01

This document consists of the 12 monthly issues of a newsletter on women students, teachers, and administrators in higher education, issued in 1994. Each issue includes feature articles, news on higher education, profiles of significant people in the field, and job announcements. The issues' main article topics are: (1) campuses's changing…

Affirmative Action and Women in Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hazzard, Terry

The purposes of this paper are to: (1) discuss the historical development of women in higher education; (2) describe the implementation of federal policies for women; (3) focus on selected problems encountered by women in the work-place; and (4) offer recommendations and suggestions for eliminating some of the problems that women encounter. The…

Sex education attitudes and outcomes among North American women.

PubMed

Williams, Monnica T; Bonner, Laura

2006-01-01

Attitudes and outcomes of sex education received by North American women are examined via an Internet survey (N = 1,400). Mean age was 19.5, with 24% reporting one or more unplanned pregnancies. Women were more satisfied with sex education from informal sources than from parents, schools, and physicians. Those receiving sex education from parents or schools reported fewer pregnancies and abortions. In school, women receiving a combination of contraceptive and abstinence education and those receiving primarily abstinence education were least likely to experience unplanned pregnancy. Religious identification was significantly related to unplanned pregnancy and type of sex education received from parents. These factors seem to play a significant role in reducing unplanned pregnancy and abortion.

Balancing extensive ambition and a context overflowing with opportunities and demands: A grounded theory on stress and recovery among highly educated working young women entering male-dominated occupational areas

PubMed Central

Löve, Jesper; Hagberg, Mats; Dellve, Lotta

2011-01-01

Several factors underline the issue of stress-related health among young highly educated women. Major societal changes might provide more new challenges with considerably changed and expanded roles than were expected by earlier generations, especially among women. The quantity of young women with higher education has also increased threefold in Sweden in less than two decades and there are a growing number of young women that hereby break with traditional gender positions and enter new occupational areas traditionally dominated by men. The research questions in the present study were: “What is the main concern, regarding stress and recovery, among young highly educated working women breaking with traditional gender positions and entering male-dominated occupational areas?” and “How do they handle this concern?” We conducted open-ended interviews with 20 informants, aged 23-29 years. The results showed that the synergy between highly ambitious individuals and a context overflowing with opportunities and demands ended up in the informants’ constantly striving to find a balance in daily life (main concern). This concern refers to the respondents experiencing a constant overload of ambiguity and that they easily became entangled in a loop of stress and dysfunctional coping behavior, threatening the balance between stress and sufficient recovery. In order to handle this concern, the respondents used different strategies in balancing extensive ambition and a context overflowing with opportunities and demands (core category). This preliminary theoretical model deepens our understanding of how the increasing numbers of highly educated young women face complex living conditions endangering their possibility of maintaining health and work ability. PMID:21909337

Experiences of African American Young Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kolo, Yovonda Ingram

African American women are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields throughout the United States. As the need for STEM professionals in the United States increases, it is important to ensure that African American women are among those professionals making valuable contributions to society. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe the experiences of African American young women in relation to STEM education. The research question for this study examined how experiences with STEM in K-10 education influenced African American young women's academic choices in their final years in high school. The theory of multicontextuality was used to provide the conceptual framework. The primary data source was interviews. The sample was composed of 11 African American young women in their junior or senior year in high school. Data were analyzed through the process of open coding, categorizing, and identifying emerging themes. Ten themes emerged from the answers to research questions. The themes were (a) high teacher expectations, (b) participation in extra-curricular activities, (c) engagement in group-work, (d) learning from lectures, (e) strong parental involvement, (f) helping others, (g) self-efficacy, (h) gender empowerment, (i) race empowerment, and (j) strategic recruitment practices. This study may lead to positive social change by adding to the understanding of the experiences of African American young women in STEM. By doing so, these findings might motivate other African American young women to pursue advanced STEM classes. These findings may also provide guidance to parents and educators to help increase the number of African American women in STEM.

Socioeconomic status, education, and reproduction in modern women: an evolutionary perspective.

PubMed

Huber, Susanne; Bookstein, Fred L; Fieder, Martin

2010-01-01

Although associations between status or resources and reproduction are positive in premodern societies and also in men in modern societies, in modern women the associations are typically negative. We investigated how the association between socioeconomic status and reproductive output varies with the source of status and resources, the woman's education, and her age at reproductive onset (proxied by age at marriage). By using a large sample of US women, we examined the association between a woman's reproductive output and her own and her husband's income and education. Education, income, and age at marriage are negatively associated with a woman's number of children and increase her chances of childlessness. Among the most highly educated two-thirds of the sample of women, husband's income predicts the number of children. The association between a woman's number of children and her husband's income turns from positive to negative when her education and age at marriage is low (even though her mean offspring number rises at the same time). The association between a woman's own income and her number of children is negative, regardless of education. Rather than maximizing the offspring number, these modern women seem to adjust investment in children based on their family size and resource availability. Striving for resources seems to be part of a modern female reproductive strategy--but, owing to costs of resource acquisition, especially higher education, it may lead to lower birthrates: a possible evolutionary explanation of the demographic transition, and a complement to the human capital theory of net reproductive output. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Can we capture the intersections? Older Black women, education, and health.

PubMed

Hinze, Susan W; Lin, Jielu; Andersson, Tanetta E

2012-01-01

Race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status are the three most prominent factors to predict health outcomes. Despite the fact that persistent health inequalities are found between groups, we know little about how the interrelatedness of these social positions influences the health of older adults. In this study, we apply a feminist intersectional approach to the study of health inequalities, treating social variables as multiplicative rather than additive to capture the mutually constitutive dimensions of race/ethnicity, gender, and education. This paper makes use of data from the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project, a nationally representative sample of 3,005 community-dwelling U.S. adults aged 57 to 85 years old, to explore intersections of race, gender, and education. We use a combination of stratified analysis with an interaction term to test multiplicative effects. First, our findings confirm that Black women with less than a high school education have the poorest self-rated health. Second, at the bivariate level, we find highly educated White men are not the converse of lower educated Black women. Third, at the multivariate level, we find being Black and female has an effect on health beyond those already accounted for by race and gender. This research demonstrates the explanatory power of an intersectionality approach to deepen understanding of the overlapping, simultaneous production of health inequalities by race, class, and gender. Copyright © 2012 Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Education for Active Citizenship: Women's Organisations in Interwar Scotland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, Valerie

2009-01-01

Following the enfranchisement of women in 1918 women's organisations throughout Britain reconsidered and revised their aims for the future. In many cases this involved educating their members, and women in general, on how to use their new influence in society. Such "education for citizenship", which also drove attempts to raise the…

The Impact of Historical Expectations on Women's Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eisenmann, Linda

2007-01-01

This paper explores ways in which gendered approaches have limited women's experience of higher education. Using a historical lens with primary examples from the United States and Britain, it demonstrates how beliefs about women over time led to three expectations about their educational participation: initially, that women were not interested in…

School Exclusion and Educational Inclusion of Pregnant Young Women

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rudoe, Naomi

2014-01-01

This article analyses the school exclusion and subsequent educational inclusion of pregnant young women participating in a course of antenatal and key skills education at an alternative educational setting. It examines the young women's transitions from "failure" in school to "success" in motherhood and re-engagement with…

High School Computer Science Education Paves the Way for Higher Education: The Israeli Case

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Armoni, Michal; Gal-Ezer, Judith

2014-01-01

The gap between enrollments in higher education computing programs and the high-tech industry's demands is widely reported, and is especially prominent for women. Increasing the availability of computer science education in high school is one of the strategies suggested in order to address this gap. We look at the connection between exposure to…

Women's Participation in Higher Education: Cross-National Trends, Antecedents, and Consequences.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ramirez, Francisco O.

This paper focuses cross-nationally on women's share of higher education relative to that of men. An institutional perspective is developed that leads to three predictions: (1) women's share of higher education will increase worldwide; (2) countries with relatively more women in higher education will also have relatively more women in the labor…

Using entertainment-education to promote cervical cancer screening in Thai women.

PubMed

Love, Gail D; Tanjasiri, Sora Park

2012-06-01

Southeast Asian women in California have high cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates, but low levels of Pap screening. No published reports have addressed screening among Thai women. Entertainment-education (EE) is a useful strategy for low-literacy, culturally diverse populations. This quasi-experimental study determined whether a soap-opera-themed, Thai-language EE video was superior to a print handout for increasing knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intention toward Pap testing. No uniform differences were found between the intervention group (video) and the control group (brochure). Both educational modalities appeared to result in selected increases in knowledge and attitudes.

Using Entertainment-Education to Promote Cervical Cancer Screening in Thai Women

PubMed Central

Love, Gail D.; Tanjasiri, Sora Park

2015-01-01

Southeast Asian women in California have high cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates, but low levels of Pap screening. No published reports have addressed screening among Thai women. Entertainment-education (EE) is a useful strategy for low-literacy, culturally diverse populations. This quasi-experimental study determined whether a soap-opera-themed, Thai-language EE video was superior to a print handout for increasing knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intention toward Pap testing. No uniform differences were found between the intervention group (video) and the control group (brochure). Both educational modalities appeared to result in selected increases in knowledge and attitudes. PMID:22581487

Women's somatic styles: rethinking breast self-examination education.

PubMed

Ellingson, Lyndall

2003-11-01

In this ethnographic study I explored women's somatic and sexual experiences, reception of breast self-examination (BSE) messages, and reactions to the practice of BSE. Mainstream BSE education uses messages that deemphasize the woman, her breasts, and her relationship to them as sexual. The turbid confluence of societally eroticized breasts and self-touch taboos makes it unlikely that women filter these messages in an asexual way. Using grounded theory, I examined women's expression of the self-body relationship and the sociocultural milieu within which women consider BSE education materials. Seven subjects varying in age, sexual orientation, parenting, and relationship status were interviewed about their physical experiences, self-touch, and body image. Subjects also participated in a BSE class and focus group, and composed a journal entry describing their reactions to practicing BSE. Discernible patterns in somatic memories, somatic styles, and reactions to BSE educational messages were found. This study suggests a need for a more consciously feminist approach to BSE education.

Identity and Education: The Links for Mature Women Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parr, Janet

This book reports research on the question, "Why do mature women return to education?" Chapter 1 describes 49 women/participants (all of whom were attending colleges or universities in northern England) and their interviews. Chapter 2 discusses reasons women gave at the start of the interview for returning to education and different…

Shaping Social Justice Leadership: Insights of Women Educators Worldwide

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lyman, Linda L.; Strachan, Jane; Lazaridou, Angeliki

2012-01-01

"Shaping Social Justice Leadership: Insights of Women Educators Worldwide" contains evocative portraits of twenty-three women educators and leaders from around the world whose actions are shaping social justice leadership. Woven from words of their own narratives, the women's voices lift off the page into readers' hearts and minds to inspire and…

Education for Rural Development - A Portfolio of Studies. Volume 2: Education for Disadvantaged Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Naik, Chitra; And Others

The volume contains two studies from India and Thailand on the education of women, and rural women especially, who are deprived or disadvantaged. The Indian study, "Education of Girls and Women in Deprived Groups," presents a viewpoint on deprivation in society in general, and India specifically. The concomitant of deprivation is defined…

Role of Education in the Empowement of Women in India

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bhat, Rouf Ahmad

2015-01-01

Women education in India has a major preoccupation of both the government and civil society as educated women can play a very important role in the development of the country. Education is milestone of women empowerment because it enables them to responds to the challenges, to confront their traditional role and change their life. So that we can't…

Simultaneous Education for Women and Girls. Report of a Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Bangkok (Thailand). Regional Office for Education in Asia and the Pacific.

This project focuses on non-formal and adult education for women in rural areas of Uttar Pradesh, India. The objectives of the project were: (1) to provide non-formal education to girls and adult education to women in a coordinated manner; (2) to raise civic and social awareness of women; (3) to decentralize planning and implementation of programs…

Women in Engineering Education. Studies in Engineering Education 12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michel, Jean

Engineering in higher education has the lowest proportion of women students when compared with other fields of study. This book discusses the issues and problems that face the training and promotion of women at the university level. Part one discusses the background and trends of female participation in different regions and disciplines of higher…

Women in Higher Education, 1995.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wenninger, Mary Dee, Ed.

1995-01-01

This document consists of the 11 issues of a newsletter on women students, teachers, and administrators in higher education. Each issue includes features articles, news on higher education, profiles of significant people in the field, and job announcements. The issues' main article topics are: (1) pay equity for coaches, particularly a case at the…

Women and Education. Women in the Caribbean Project, Volume 5.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Massiah, Joycelin, Ed.

One of a series emanating from a three-year project concerned with the role of women in the English-speaking Caribbean, these papers discuss the history of Caribbean women's education. The project's objectives are to establish a data base for teaching, research, and planning purposes and to develop guidelines for a social policy that recognizes…

Factors associated with educational mobility in mid-age Australian women.

PubMed

Tooth, Leigh R; Mishra, Gita D

2017-02-01

The educational mobility of mid-age women is rarely studied. We analysed the baseline socio-economic position (SEP) and health factors associated with obtaining further education in 4117 mid-age Australian women between 1996 and 2010 (aged 45-50 at baseline, 62-67 at follow-up) from a population-based study. Women either unemployed or working part-time at baseline had higher odds of a stable low and middle education over time (ORs ranging from 1.61 to 3.86) versus educational mobility. Apart from obesity, characteristics that may signal an unhealthy lifestyle in early mid-life were not useful indicators of women's future educational mobility. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Educating women about congenital cytomegalovirus: assessment of health education materials through a web-based survey.

PubMed

Price, Simani M; Bonilla, Erika; Zador, Paul; Levis, Denise M; Kilgo, Christina L; Cannon, Michael J

2014-11-30

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital infection in the U.S. and can result in permanent disabilities, such as hearing and vision loss, intellectual disability, and psychomotor and language impairments. Women can adopt prevention behaviors in an attempt to reduce their exposure to CMV. Currently, few women are familiar with CMV. To increase awareness of CMV, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed draft health education materials. The purpose of this study was to pilot test two health education materials to gauge their appeal and to determine if they increase knowledge about CMV and motivate audiences to seek additional information on CMV and adopt CMV prevention behaviors. African-American (n = 404) and Caucasian women (n = 405), who had a young child and were either pregnant or planning a pregnancy, were recruited to participate in a 15-minute web survey. Participants were randomly assigned to view one of two CMV health education materials, either a factsheet or video. Pre and post survey measures were used to assess changes in knowledge of CMV and motivation to adopt prevention behaviors. We also examined audience preferences regarding materials and motivation. CMV knowledge score increased significantly after presentation of either the video or factsheet (from 3.7 out of 10 to 9.1 out of 10, p <0.001). The average materials appeal score was high, with a mean of 3.6 on a four-point scale, indicating women responded very positively to both materials. Regression analyses indicated that appeal, message involvement (e.g., information seeking, discussing with others), post materials knowledge score, and viewing the video (vs. factsheet) were significantly positively associated with increased support for CMV prevention behaviors. Overall, we found that the health education materials improved women's knowledge of CMV and encouraged them to adopt prevention behaviors. Given the low awareness levels among women

The Influence of Education and Family Background on Women's Earnings in Midlife: Evidence from a British National Birth Cohort Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuh, Diana; Head, Fenny; Hardy, Rebecca; Wadsworth, Michael

1997-01-01

Observes that research on the influence of education on adult earnings hasn't focused on differences between women. Looks at British women born immediately after World War Two. Shows that women who were able to take advantage of expanded educational opportunities and achieve high educational qualifications earned significantly more than less…

Education and Reproductive Autonomy: The Case of Married Nigerian Women.

PubMed

Princewill, Chitu Womehoma; De Clercq, Eva; Riecher-Rössler, Anita; Jegede, Ayodele Samuel; Wangmo, Tenzin; Elger, Bernice Simone

2017-01-01

In this article, we examine the influence of education on the exercise of married women's reproductive autonomy. We carried out 34 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with purposively sampled married Ikwerre women in Rivers State, Nigeria. The participants were between the ages of 22 and 60, had different educational backgrounds, and were in monogamous and polygynous marriages. Data were analyzed using MAXQDA 11 software. We found that although formal education enhanced women's ability to exercise reproductive autonomy, the culture of demanding absolute respect for men remains a major barrier. Formal education provides women with the knowledge that they need in order to access adequate health services for themselves and their children. Participants also believed that educating men was critical for the exercise of women's reproductive autonomy. The cultural aspects that promote female subordination and patriarchy should be addressed more openly in Nigeria.

HIV-related high risk sexual behaviors and practices among women in Bogotá, Colombia.

PubMed

Míguez-Burbano, M J; Angarita, I; Shultz, J M; Shor-Posner, G; Klaskala, W; Duque, J L; Lai, H; Londoño, B; Baum, M K

2000-01-01

Determinants associated with high-risk sexual behaviors were investigated in 1,133 sexually active women in Bogotá, Colombia. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by two groups of women: 721 representing the general population (GP), and 412 commercial sex workers (CSWs). High-risk sexual behaviors for HIV/AIDS were evident in both groups. Nevertheless, consistent condom use was reported by only 6% of the GP group, as compared to 67% of the CSWs. Failure to recognize high-risk routes for HIV infection was indicated in 69% of the GP women for anal sex, and by the majority of both groups for intercourse during menses (56% GP women and 54% CSWs). Multivariate analysis revealed that education level, actual age, and age of first sex experience were significant predictors of high-risk sexual practices. The necessity for educational programs regarding high-risk sexual practices and risk of HIV/ AIDS is evident for HIV/AIDS prevention.

Early Women Geography Educators, 1783-1932.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pittser, Sharan E.

1999-01-01

Discusses the contributions of women educators to the development of geography as a discipline, focusing on seven women: (1) Susanna Rowson; (2) Emma Hart Willard; (3) Sarah Sophia Cornell; (4) Ellen Churchill Semple; (5) Zonia Baber; (6) Erna Grassmuck Gilland; and (7) Esther Sanfrieda Anderson. (CMK)

Phenomenological Study of Empowering Women Senior Leaders in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cselenszky, Mila P.

2012-01-01

The number of women in senior administrative and leadership roles in higher education is minimal compared to the number of women in higher education jobs in general. This phenomenological study explored pathways women took to advance in their careers and barriers that prevent more women from gaining senior administrative and leadership roles.…

The Development of Educated Women in India: Reflections of a Social Psychologist.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Singhal, Sushila

1984-01-01

In spite of gains, Indian women's educational level still lags behind that of Indian men. Illiteracy is highest for rural women; unemployment is highest for urban women. Access to education for women is limited and is further delimited in higher levels. Acceptance of changed roles for educated women is lacking. (BRR)

Breastfeeding education and support for women with twins or higher order multiples.

PubMed

Whitford, Heather M; Wallis, Selina K; Dowswell, Therese; West, Helen M; Renfrew, Mary J

2017-02-28

There are rising rates of multiple births worldwide with associated higher rates of complications and more hospital care, often due to prematurity. While there is strong evidence about the risks of not breastfeeding, rates of breastfeeding in women who have given birth to more than one infant are lower than with singleton births. Breastfeeding more than one infant can be more challenging because of difficulties associated with the birth or prematurity. The extra demands on the mother of frequent suckling, coordinating the needs of more than one infant or admission to the neonatal intensive care unit can lead to delayed initiation or early cessation. Additional options such as breast milk expression, the use of donor milk or different methods of supplementary feeding may be considered. Support and education about breastfeeding has been found to improve the duration of any breastfeeding for healthy term infants and their mothers, however evidence is lacking about interventions that are effective to support women with twins or higher order multiples. To assess effectiveness of breastfeeding education and support for women with twins or higher order multiples. We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (30 June 2016), ClinicalTrials.gov (30 June 2016), the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (1 July 2016), the excluded studies list from the equivalent Cochrane review of singletons, and reference lists of retrieved studies. Randomised or quasi-randomised trials comparing extra education or support for women with twins or higher order multiples were included. Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion and risk of bias, extracted data and checked them for accuracy. We planned to assess the quality of evidence using the GRADE approach, but were unable to analyse any data. We found 10 trials (23 reports) of education and support for breastfeeding that included women with twins or higher order

Educational mobility and weight gain over 13 years in a longitudinal study of young women.

PubMed

Holowko, Natalie; Jones, Mark; Tooth, Leigh; Koupil, Ilona; Mishra, Gita

2014-11-25

Limited evidence exists about the role of education and own educational mobility on body weight trajectory. A better understanding of how education influences long term weight gain can help us to design more effective health policies. Using random effects models, the association between i) highest education (n = 10 018) and ii) educational mobility over a 9 year period (n = 9 907) and weight gain was analysed using five waves of data (over 13 years) from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health 1973-78 cohort (from 18-23 years to 31-36 years). Highest educational attainment was inversely associated with weight at baseline and weight gain over 13 years. Compared to high educated women, those with a low (12 years or less) or intermediate (trade/certificate/diploma) education, respectively, weighed an additional 2.6 kg (95% CI:1.9 to 3.1) and 2.5 kg (95% CI:1.9 to 3.3) at baseline and gained an additional 3.9 kg (95% CI:2.6 to 5.2) and 3.1 kg (95% CI:2.6 to 3.9) over 13 years. Compared to women who remained with a low education, women with the greatest educational mobility had similar baseline weight to the women who already had a high education at baseline (2.7 kg lighter (95% CI:-3.7 to -1.8) and 2.7 kg lighter (95% CI:-3.4 to -1.9), respectively) and similarly favourable weight gain (gaining 3.1 kg less (95% CI:-4.0 to -2.21) and 4.2 kg less (95% CI:-4.8 to -3.4) over the 13 years, respectively). While educational attainment by mid-thirties was positively associated with better weight management, women's weight was already different in young adult age, before their highest education was achieved. These findings highlight a potential role of early life factors and personality traits which may influence both education and weight outcomes.

Effects of neighbourhood-level educational attainment on HIV prevalence among young women in Zambia.

PubMed

Kayeyi, Nkomba; Sandøy, Ingvild F; Fylkesnes, Knut

2009-08-25

Investigations of the association between socio-economic position indicators and HIV in East, Central and Southern Africa have chiefly focused on factors that pertain to individual-level characteristics. This study investigated the effect of neighbourhood educational attainment on HIV prevalence among young women in selected urban and rural areas in Zambia. This study re-analysed data from a cross-sectional population survey conducted in Zambia in 2003. The analyses were restricted to women aged 15-24 years (n = 1295). Stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 10 urban and 10 rural clusters. A measure for neighbourhood-level educational attainment was constructed by aggregating individual-level years-in-school. Multi-level mixed effects regression models were run to examine the neighbourhood-level educational effect on HIV prevalence after adjusting for individual-level underlying variables (education, currently a student, marital status) and selected proximate determinants (ever given birth, sexual activity, lifetime sexual partners). HIV prevalence among young women aged 15-24 years was 12.5% in the urban and 6.8% in the rural clusters. Neighbourhood educational attainment was found to be a strong determinant of HIV infection in both urban and rural population, i.e. HIV prevalence decreased substantially by increasing level of neighbourhood education. The likelihood of infection in low vs. high educational attainment of neighbourhoods was 3.4 times among rural women and 1.8 times higher among the urban women after adjusting for age and other individual-level underlying variables, including education. However, the association was not significant for urban young women after this adjustment. After adjusting for level of education in the neighbourhood, the effect of the individual-level education differed by residence, i.e. a strong protective effect among urban women whereas tending to be a risk factor among rural women. The findings suggested structural

Credit with Education: A Self-Financing Way to Empower Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vor der Bruegge, Ellen; And Others

1995-01-01

Credit with Education provides poor women with small loans; a safe place for savings; and education in health, nutrition, and family planning. The strategy integrates financial and educational services to empower women toward self-sufficiency. (SK)

Sex Education Attitudes and Outcomes among North American Women

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Monnica T.; Bonner, Laura

2006-01-01

Attitudes and outcomes of sex education received by North American women are examined via an Internet survey (N = 1,400). Mean age was 19.5, with 24% reporting one or more unplanned pregnancies. Women were more satisfied with sex education from informal sources than from parents, schools, and physicians. Those receiving sex education from parents…

Incidental Education (for Women) in Rural Communities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crosby, Valmai

The Country Women's Association (CWA) is a nationwide Australian group that started in the 1920s in response to isolated women's need to socialize. The group's activities have expanded greatly over time. It distributes essential food and clothing to needy rural families, and its extensive involvement in incidental education for women includes…

Distance Education as a Women Empowerment Strategy in Africa

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olakulein, Felix Kayode; Ojo, Olugbenga David

2006-01-01

Women emancipation through empowerment all over the world is at its peak and Africans generally are not left out. It is an attempt to make sure that women's voices are heard and are given their right places in the scheme of things. Nonetheless, the issue of educational attainment of women considering the low level of girls' education in Africa is…

Women and Education: A Canadian Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gaskell, Jane, Ed.; McLaren, Arlene, Ed.

This four-part book contains 16 papers that explore the relationship between feminist research and education, especially in Canada. The papers in the first part, "Women as Mothers, Women as Teachers," are as follows: "The Evolution of the Sexual Division of Labour in Teaching" (Danylewycz, Light, Prentice); "More than a…

The Intergenerational Effects of Changes in Women's Educational Attainments

PubMed Central

Mare, Robert D.; Maralani, Vida

2015-01-01

The effect of the socioeconomic characteristics in one generation on the socioeconomic achievement of the next generation is the central concern of social stratification research. Researchers typically address this issue by analyzing the associations between the characteristics of parents and offspring. This approach, however, focuses on observed parent–offspring pairs and ignores that changes in the socioeconomic characteristics of one generation may alter the numbers and types of intergenerational family relationships created in the next one. Models of intergenerational effects that include marriage and fertility as well as the intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic status yield a richer account of intergenerational effects at both the family and population levels. When applied to a large sample of Indonesian women and their families, these models show that the effects of women's educational attainment on the educational attainments of the next generation are positive. However, the beneficial effects of increases in women's schooling on the educational attainment of their children are partially offset at the population level by a reduction in the overall number of children that a more educated population of women bears and enhanced by the more favorable marriage partners of better educated women. PMID:25843957

"If You Can Educate the Native Women...": Debates over the Schooling and Education of Girls and Women in Southern Rhodesia, 1900-1934.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Summers, Carol

1996-01-01

Examines the interplay of social, cultural, and political factors involved in the education of native women in Southern Rhodesia between 1900 and 1934. Although originally conceived as a program stressing domesticity and social control, the women became active participants, transforming themselves into educational leaders. (MJP)

Gender Wage Disparities among the Highly Educated.

PubMed

Black, Dan A; Haviland, Amelia; Sanders, Seth G; Taylor, Lowell J

2008-01-01

In the U.S. college-educated women earn approximately 30 percent less than their non-Hispanic white male counterparts. We conduct an empirical examination of this wage disparity for four groups of women-non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic, and Asian-using the National Survey of College Graduates, a large data set that provides unusually detailed information on higher-level education. Nonparametric matching analysis indicates that among men and women who speak English at home, between 44 and 73 percent of the gender wage gaps are accounted for by such pre-market factors as highest degree and major. When we restrict attention further to women who have "high labor force attachment" (i.e., work experience that is similar to male comparables) we account for 54 to 99 percent of gender wage gaps. Our nonparametric approach differs from familiar regression-based decompositions, so for the sake of comparison we conduct parametric analyses as well. Inferences drawn from these latter decompositions can be quite misleading.

Women in Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Furniss, W. Todd, Ed.; Graham, Patricia Albjerg, Ed.

The analyses and suggestions of 38 leaders in education, feminism, foundations, law, and government are collected to set contexts for decisions facing colleges and universities concerning those students, faculty members, and administrators who are women. Among the issues are affirmative action, academic programs, accountability, equality, and…

Learning from the Women's Movement about Educational Change

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gaskell, Jane

2008-01-01

The women's movement in the 1970s and 1980s was a global phenomenon that achieved significant educational change. More analysis of how it developed and had an impact on education can inform our understanding of the possibilities for change today. This paper explores how the women's movement changed schooling in Vancouver in the 1970s, using a…

Combined effect of education and reproductive history on weight trajectories of young Australian women: A longitudinal study.

PubMed

Holowko, Natalie; Jones, Mark; Koupil, Ilona; Tooth, Leigh; Mishra, Gita

2016-10-01

To investigate the combined effect of education and reproductive history on weight trajectory. The association of education with weight trajectory (1996-2012) in relation to reproductive history was analyzed among 9,336 women (born 1973-1978) from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health using random effects models. Compared with women with a university degree/higher, lower-educated women were 2 kg heavier at baseline and gained an additional 0.24 kg/year. Giving birth was associated with an increase in weight which was more pronounced among women having their first birth <26 years of age (2.1 kg, 95% CI: 1.5-2.7), compared with 26 to 32 years or >32 years. While younger first-time mothers had a steeper weight trajectory (∼+0.16 kg/year, 95% CI: 0.1-0.3), this was less steep among lower-educated women. High-educated women with a second birth between 26 and 32 years had 0.9 kg decreased weight after this birth, while low-educated women gained 0.9 kg. While the effect of having children on weight in young adulthood was minimal, women having their first birth <26 years of age had increased risk of weight gain, particularly primiparous women. Educational differences in weight persisted after accounting for reproductive history, suggesting a need to explore alternative mechanisms through which social differences in weight are generated. © 2016 The Obesity Society.

Characteristics of Israeli women studying nursing compared to women studying education and engineering.

PubMed

Horn, H; Holzemer, W L

1991-11-01

This study examined the demographic characteristics, vocational personality, and sex-role orientation of Israeli women studying nursing compared to women studying education and engineering. The convenience sample was 176 university students. The instrument included a demographic inventory, Holland's Self-Directed Search (SDS) questionnaire, and the Sex-Role Orientation Attitude questionnaire. Nursing and education students had Holland's "social" personality types and engineering students were more "realistic" or "investigative". Nursing and engineering students were significantly more feminist in their orientation than education majors. Nursing students were nontraditional women who had traditional family backgrounds, yet were nontraditional in their feminist orientation. With nursing's move into colleges and universities, the need for academically qualified applicants has intensified. Developing a better understanding of the unique nature of nursing and nursing students is a challenge.

Meeting Women's and Girls' Special Needs: "Gender-Sensitive" Environments and the Roadblocks Women Science Educators Face.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Kathleen S.

Groups and educators have sought to construct gender-sensitive learning environments for women and girls in science, thus providing them with opportunities to legitimately participate in the science and science education communities. Results of the study reported in this paper show that women science educators who work to provide such contexts…

The Educational Background of Women Working for Women in Rio de Janeiro.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de Sousa, Isabela Cabral Felix

1998-01-01

Interviews with 20 women in governmental and nongovernmental organizations in Rio de Janeiro revealed the following: (1) formal education programs lacked courses on gender issues; (2) nonformal education was a potential source of gender awareness; and (3) informal education was the main source of gender awareness. (SK)

A model of women's educational factors related to delaying girls' marriage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Cristine A.; Paulson Stone, Rebecca; Kahando, Sarah

2012-08-01

Delaying girls' early marriage is a critical public health and education goal in developing countries, in which their own or their mothers' education may play an important role. This paper reviews the existing evidence of any relationship between girls' schooling or women's literacy education and delayed marriage for themselves or their daughters. The majority of research reports focus on the correlation between girls' schooling and brides' age at first marriage. But it is conceivable that adult women's/mothers' literacy education also has considerable influence on the age at which their daughters are married. Since this aspect has hitherto not been explicitly investigated, the authors propose a model - based on relevant research about the outcomes of girls' schooling and women's literacy education - of the mechanisms that mediate between women's education and delayed marriage for their daughters. The authors argue for research that will inform policy makers interested in helping girls complete secondary schooling about the potential contributions of adult women's literacy education to this goal.

Attitudes of Older Women Toward Continuing Adult Education at the University Level: Implications for Program Curriculum Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Papalia-Finlay, Diane; And Others

1981-01-01

Examined the attitudes of older women concerning factors that would reduce anxiety, and appropriate educational experiences. Most of the upper-middle-class, highly educated women indicated an interest in taking humanities classes. In addition, 55 percent preferred the lecture format; 81 percent preferred mixed ages in classes. (Author/JAC)

Identifying the educational needs of menopausal women: a feasibility study.

PubMed

Trudeau, Kimberlee J; Ainscough, Jessica L; Trant, Meredith; Starker, Joan; Cousineau, Tara M

2011-01-01

The goal of this project was to identify the educational needs of menopausal women and test the feasibility of an online self management program based on social learning theory. The four stages included 1) a needs assessment using a) focus groups with 24 women ages 40 to 55 and b) phone interviews with eight health experts; 2) the use of concept mapping methodology for quantifying qualitative data from stage 1 to identify the core programmatic concepts; 3) development of a demonstration program; and 4) a pilot study with 35 women and 9 health experts to assess knowledge gained and program satisfaction. Results show that women desire more information about normalcy of menopause and symptom management and found the program to meet a need for menopausal education otherwise perceived as unavailable. The women significantly increased their menopausal knowledge after brief exposure (t(34) = 3.64; p = .001). This project provides support for an online health education program for menopausal women and content ideas for inclusion in women's health education curriculum. Copyright © 2011 Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Women's education according to the first women to receive doctorates in medicine from Spanish universities, 1882].

PubMed

Flecha Garcia, C

1999-01-01

This study looks at the topic of women's education as considered by the first two women to receive the degree of Doctor in Medicine from a Spanish university. Delores Aleu and Martina Castells decided to present as a doctoral thesis the development of an issue of particular relevance during the final decades of the 19th century. The importance given to public education and the difficulties young women encountered in participating under the same conditions as young men led these two women--who both held a bachelor's degree--to raise the issue and defend personal and social reasons that justified their full participation in different levels of education.

Women as Leaders in Education: Succeeding Despite Inequity, Discrimination, and Other Challenges. Women and Careers in Management

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Jennifer L., Ed.

2011-01-01

This up-to-date, candid examination of women's careers in education and leadership in education describes the pitfalls, triumphs, and future promise of female leaders in education. Despite the gains women have made in higher education over the past few decades, and an increasing number of well-qualified female candidates, they are still…

Women Technology Leaders: Gender Issues in Higher Education Information Technology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drury, Marilyn

2011-01-01

Women working in higher education information technology (IT) organizations and those seeking leadership positions in these organizations face a double challenge in overcoming the traditionally male-dominated environments of higher education and IT. Three women higher education chief information officers (CIOs) provided their perspectives,…

Childhood educational experiences of women with cerebral palsy.

PubMed

Freeborn, Donna; Mandleco, Barbara

2010-08-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the childhood experiences of women with cerebral palsy (CP), from the perspectives of these women. Using the feminist biographical method, eight women with CP participated in two in-depth interviews. Participants ranged in age from 22 to 55 years and had moderate to severe athetoid or spastic CP. Four themes emerged: (a) academic experiences, (b) experiences with teachers, (c) experiences with peers, and (d) coping methods, with both positive and negative subthemes for each theme. Participants with positive academic experiences and positive interactions with teachers and peers were able to develop better ways of dealing with the negative experiences they encountered in education and attained higher levels of education. Participants who primarily had poorer educational experiences developed negative coping mechanisms that continued to affect their lives. Findings support ways in which school nurses can support the educational experiences of students with CP.

Women's Education and Earnings in Texas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Werschkul, Misha; Gault, Barbara; Caiazza, Amy; Hartmann, Heidi

2005-01-01

Women have made remarkable strides in education during the past three decades, but these gains have yet to translate into full equity in pay. Women still earn less than men earn in nearly every profession and at every stage of their careers, and this earnings gap is evident in every state in the nation. This report focuses on educational…

Civic and Political Education of Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations, New York, NY. Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs.

"This pamphlet was produced at the request of the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women and the Economic and Social Council (of the United Nations)...It was written primarily for the use of leaders responsible for the civic and political education of women, whether governmental or non-governmental, and is intended as a basic…

Acceptability of a Virtual Patient Educator for Hispanic Women.

PubMed

Wells, Kristen J; Vàzquez-Otero, Coralia; Bredice, Marissa; Meade, Cathy D; Chaet, Alexis; Rivera, Maria I; Arroyo, Gloria; Proctor, Sara K; Barnes, Laura E

2015-01-01

There are few Spanish language interactive, technology-driven health education programs. Objectives of this feasibility study were to (a) learn more about computer and technology usage among Hispanic women living in a rural community and (b) evaluate acceptability of the concept of using an embodied conversational agent (ECA) computer application among this population. A survey about computer usage history and interest in computers was administered to a convenience sample of 26 women. A sample video prototype of a hospital discharge ECA was administered followed by questions to gauge opinion about the ECA. Data indicate women exhibited both a high level of computer experience and enthusiasm for the ECA. Feedback from community is essential to ensure equity in state of the art dissemination of health information.

The Illusion of Inclusion: Women in Post-Secondary Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stalker, Jacqueline, Ed.; Prentice, Susan, Ed.

The 17 monographs in this book are written from the perspective of Canadian women students, faculty, and administrators about their experiences in postsecondary education. Selections are organized under five headings: (1) "Post-Secondary Education: The Inclusion Myth Then and Now"; (2) "Women as Students: The Marginal…

Women, Education and Empowerment in Asia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jayaweera, Swarna

1997-01-01

Examines the relationship between education and economic, political, and social status for empowering women in Asia. Using macro statistics from each country, no positive linear relationship is revealed. Further examined are factors that surface in each area, including gender relations within the family, that constrain the role of education as an…

Educational Advancement and Socio-Economic Participation of Women in India.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doraiswami, Smt. S.

The educational advancement of women in India is not perceived as an important characteristic since education is perceived as irrelevant to their roles. The equality of women in status and opportunity is guaranteed in the 1955 Constitution of India and by the government. Although achievements by women in the local and national levels exist, a…

Women's Education for Economic Development in Cross Section of Countries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuroda, Kazuo

International organizations and researchers in the field of education and development have emphasized the importance of women's education for the social and economic development of Third World countries. However, women's educational levels are lower than men's in most countries throughout the world. This paper presents findings of a study that…

Entrepreneurship Education for Women: A Research Review and Agenda.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kent, Calvin A.

Although the importance of entrepreneurship to the American economy has been documented, a review of research reveals that knowledge about entrepreneurship education is sparse and that research on entrepreneurship education for women is almost nonexistent. A summary of this research indicates that sex stereotyping in schools inhibits women from…

Creating a Community of Women Educated in Literacy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Mev

2013-01-01

This chapter explores the creative ways in which WE LEARN (Women Expanding Literacy Education Action Resource Network) empowers women's full participation in community across all literacy levels.

Empowering Women at the Grassroots: A Manual for Women's Human Rights Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guhathakurta, Meghna; Lina, Khadija

Nagorik Uddyog (Citizen's Initiative) is a non-profit, non-governmental Bangladeshi organization focused on empowering women at the grassroots level through human rights education. Although women constitute half of the total population of Bangladesh, their participation in social, cultural, and political activities is limited. Recently,…

The unfinished assignment: Educating Moroccan women for development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belhachmi, Zakia

1987-12-01

Western theories of development, and the resulting strategies and planning represent major structural barriers to Moroccan Women's Liberation. The author advocates a shift from current anti-participatory strategies to a new people-oriented approach, emphasizing the multiple roles of women within an integrated strategy. This involves linking educational projects with other parts of the infrastructure. Morocco's `way out' of exogenous development, the author contends, is contingent upon an adequate management of the educational system both at the institutional and personal levels. Therefore, educating women can be considered a sine qua non in optimizing conditions leading to endogenous development. The foundation is the establishment or strengthening of a whole infrastructure for the creation, transmission, and application of alternative methods likely to sustain socio-economic opportunities leading to Morocco's self-reliance.

Without Women No Development: Selected Case Studies from Asia of Non-Formal Education for Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shah, Madhuri, Ed.

This handbook presents 15 case studies on the non-formal education of women from four Asian countries: India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia. The goal of this publication is to provide information about education-related issues concerning women and girls and development. This information is intended for those people, in governmental and…

Women and physics education in Trinidad and Tobago

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Watts, Shelly C.; Daley, Candice

2013-03-01

The following paper focuses on the education system in Trinidad and Tobago, particularly on the involvement of girls and women in physics. The educational system is a three-tiered structure: primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. Girls and women are given equal opportunities at all levels; however, career choices and the demand of the job market determines whether physics is chosen at the secondary level and onward. No formal survey was performed to quantify the number of girls and women involved in physics; however, scenarios are used to illustrate the different opportunities and tracks that are available to girls.

The efficacy of education programme for preventing constipation in women.

PubMed

Ayaz, Sultan; Hisar, Filiz

2014-06-01

This study was performed to evaluate the efficiency of the education programme for prevention of constipation in women. This study was performed as a pre-test-posttest design. Thirty-five women were included who have constipation problem. Data were collected by questionnaire: Constipation Severity Instrument (CSI), Constipation Visual Analogue Scale (CVAS) and Bristol Stool Chart (BSC). Eight home visits were made for each of the women and they were followed up for 3 months. Participants received an individual education programme that included advice on dietary consumption such as pulpy-fibrous nutrient consumption, fluid intake, an exercise regime and counselling about optimal position to defecate. The subscales of 'Colonic Inertia' and 'Pain', and CSI total mean scores and CVAS mean scores were decreased significantly after education programme (P < 0.05). According to the BSC, 71.5% of the women stated their stool form to be 'sausage-shaped, but lumpy' before the education programme, but after the said programme the percentage had dropped to 17.1%. Education programme given to women who had constipation were determined to have been effective in alleviating constipation. Nurses should develop appropriate and effective strategies to help women prevent constipation. © 2013 Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

Status of Women in Social Work Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sakamoto, Izumi; Anastas, Jeane W.; McPhail, Beverly M.; Colarossi, Lisa G.

2008-01-01

This invited study sought to determine the current status of women in social work education for the special section of the "Journal of Social Work Education." Analysis of the latest data available indicate that gender differences remain pervasive across many aspects of social work education, including pay, rank, job duties, and tenure.…

Asian Women in Higher Education: Shared Communities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bhopal, Kalwant

2010-01-01

More Asian women are entering higher education in the UK than ever before, and the number looks likely to rise. Their engagement with higher education reflects widespread changes in the attitudes and cultural expectations of their various communities, as awareness grows of the greater long-term value associated with continuing in education. Today…

Women in Educational Leadership. Monograph. Volume 3, Number 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weller, Judith

Although female teachers have dominated education, relatively few women have pursued administrative positions. In 1988, women in Ohio held only 4.5 percent of all superintendencies. The state generally lags behind the lackluster national average, according to a 1985 Project on Equal Education report. Because of changing U.S. demographics, future…

Equitunity in Vocational Education Administration: A Handbook for Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parker, James C.; And Others

This handbook is designed to assist women in and aspiring to vocational education administration in planning for entry into and success in vocational education administration. It consists of five sections. Section 1 describes the following barriers inhibiting the progress of women in administration: self-concept, career choice, career preparation,…

Antenatal Care Utilisation and Content between Low-Risk and High-Risk Pregnant Women

PubMed Central

Yeoh, Ping Ling; Hornetz, Klaus; Dahlui, Maznah

2016-01-01

Background The purpose of antenatal care is to monitor and improve the wellbeing of the mother and foetus. The World Health Organization recommends risk-oriented strategy that includes: (i) routine care to all women, (ii) additional care for women with moderately severe diseases and complications, (iii) specialised obstetrical and neonatal care for women with severe diseases and complications. Antenatal care is concerned with adequate care in order to be effective. Measurement for adequacy of antenatal care often applies indexes that assess initiation of care and number of visits. In addition, adequacy of care content should also be assessed. Results of studies in developed settings demonstrate that women without risk factors use antenatal services more frequently than recommended. Such over-utilisation is problematic for low-resourced settings. Moreover, studies show that a substantial proportion of high-risk women had utilisation or content of care below the recommended standard. Yet studies in developing countries have seldom included a comparison between low-risk and high-risk women. The purpose of the study was therefore to assess adequacy of care and pregnancy outcomes for the different risk groups. Methods A retrospective study using a multistage sampling technique, at public-funded primary health care clinics was conducted. Antenatal utilisation level was assessed using a modified Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilisation index that measures the timing for initiation of care and observed-to-expected visits ratio. Adequacy of antenatal care content assessed compliance to routine care based on the local guidelines. Results Intensive or “adequate-plus” antenatal care utilisation as defined by the modified index was noted in over half of the low-risk women. On the other hand, there were 26% of the high-risk women without the expected intensive utilisation. Primary- or non-educated high-risk women were less likely to have a higher antenatal care utilisation

Sparking Women's Interest in Physics through Science Education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Merali, Aliya; Wissel, S. A.; Ortiz, M.; Morgan, J. T.; Zwicker, A.

2011-10-01

As of 2010, less than 10% of the members of the APS division of plasma physics are female. Data from a 2005 AIP publication indicate that a lack of female presence in physics exists as early as high school and is perpetuated throughout the educational careers of women. Of the undergraduate programs run by PPPL, 16% of participants are female, and only 11% of participants that continue on to graduate school are female. In an effort to increase the exposure of young women to physics, we have expanded existing programs and initiated new programs such as a mentorship program and an energy focused essay contest. The goal of these programs is to bridge the gap between young and established women in science in order to increase young women's interest in the field of physics and thus increase the likelihood that they will continue on to study higher-level physics. Using data collected from participant surveys we have assessed the short-term effectiveness of PPPL programs in influencing young women to pursue careers in science and plasma physics. Ivie and Ray. AIP Publication Number R-430.02 (February 2005)

Economic Liberalization and Women's Education: Prospects for Post-Apartheid South Africa.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abdi, Ali A.

1998-01-01

Examines women's education and related issues in South Africa in light of restrictions on educational spending imposed by Structural Adjustment Programs stipulated by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. Argues that the contraction of educational resources will have a strong negative effect on women's education, particularly for black…

The relationship between education and health among incarcerated men and women in the United States.

PubMed

Nowotny, Kathryn M; Masters, Ryan K; Boardman, Jason D

2016-09-01

This paper contributes to research on the education-health association by extending the scope of inquiry to adult inmates. Not only are inmates excluded from most nationally representative studies of health but they also represent a highly select group in terms of both education and health. As such, our study provides new information about the health of incarcerated populations and it extends the generalizability of the education-health association beyond the non-institutionalized population. We use a prison-level fixed-effects regression model with the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities (n = 287 facilities) to evaluate the effects of education on a standardized morbidity scale of 11 lifetime and current health conditions among incarcerated men (n = 10,493) and women (n = 2,797). Education prior to incarceration is negatively associated with lifetime health problems for both women and men and the association is stronger among women. Among inmates who enter prison with less than a GED level of education, attaining a GED in prison is associated with better current health outcomes for men, but not women. The generalization of the education-health association among prisoners further highlights the fundamental nature of education as a health promotive resource. Discussed are the implications for the education-health literature in general and health promotion efforts among incarcerated adults specifically.

Education level as a predictor of condom use in jail-incarcerated women, with fundamental cause analysis.

PubMed

Emerson, Amanda M; Carroll, Hsiang-Feng; Ramaswamy, Megha

2018-05-27

To model condom usage by jail-incarcerated women incarcerated in US local jails and understand results in terms of fundamental cause theory. We surveyed 102 women in an urban jail in the Midwest United States. Chi-square tests and generalized linear modeling were used to identify factors of significance for women who used condoms during last sex compared with women who did not. Stepwise multiple logistic regression was conducted to estimate the relation between the outcome variable and variables linked to condom use in the literature. Logistic regression showed that for women who completed high school odds of reporting condom use during last sex were 2.78 times higher (p = .043) than the odds for women with less than a high school education. Among women who responded no to ever having had a sexually transmitted infection, odds of using a condom during last sex were 2.597 times (p = .03) higher than odds for women who responded that they had had a sexually transmitted infection. Education is a fundamental cause of reproductive health risk among incarcerated women. We recommend interventions that creatively target distal over proximal factors. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Does Education Necessarily Mean Enlightenment? The Case of Higher Education among Palestinians--Bedouin Women in Israel

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abu-Rabia-Queder, Sarab

2008-01-01

This study challenges and evaluates modern-liberal-humanistic discourse on education as enlightenment through analysis of the life stories of the first Bedouin women to acquire higher education (hereafter: First Women). The liberal discourse is examined in terms of its ethnic and genderial contexts and the special status these women gained as…

Structuring a Supportive Environment for Women in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howard-Vital, Michelle R.; Brunson, Deborah A.

2006-01-01

After participating on a search committee for an academic leader, the authors conduct an empirical and philosophical analysis of factors that influence the work and productivity of women in higher education. The authors query--how can women achieve more balance in educational institutions so they can pursue careers that reflect the complexity and…

"Living on Barbed Wire": Resilient Women Administrators in Educational Leadership Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Christman, Dana; McClellan, Rhonda

2008-01-01

Background: Despite access for women administrators in educational leadership departments, the longevity of their service within them is tenuous. Women administrators are caught in the social constructions of gender and leadership. Purpose: To explore how some women administrators in educational leadership programs have sustained their…

Women's Ways of Coping with Continuing Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clouder, Lynn

1997-01-01

Women may attempt to cope with conflicting school and family roles by trying to work harder, altering personal expectations or behavior, or altering externally imposed expectations. When possible, continuing educators can help by transforming the inflexibilities of higher education. (SK)

Assessment of the effectiveness of group education on knowledge for women with newly diagnosed gestational diabetes.

PubMed

Alayoub, H; Curran, S; Coffey, M; Hatunic, M; Higgins, M

2018-02-01

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is identified in pregnancy and resolves following delivery. It increases maternal and foetal morbidity and may increase risk of future type 2 diabetes. Women diagnosed with GDM need high-quality multidisciplinary education in order to apply necessary changes to their diet and lifestyle. There is a paucity of information on the effectiveness of group education for women with GDM. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a multidisciplinary group intervention delivered by a specialist midwife and dietitian on women's knowledge of GDM. All women with a diagnosis of GDM were invited to attend a multidisciplinary group educational session on lifestyle and GDM management. Participants were invited to complete a questionnaire before and after the educational intervention; only individuals who completed both questionnaires were included. The questionnaire reviewed knowledge of suitable diet, implications of GDM diagnosis and management of GDM. A total of 716 women completed both questionnaires; mean age of the participants was 34 years. Just under half of women (46.9%, n = 333) were primiparous. The majority of the women (62.5%, n = 439) were Irish; 53.4% (n = 382) had a family history of diabetes. There was a significant increase in median score for knowledge following the educational intervention (pre-intervention score 8 (-2-12); post-intervention score 12 (1-12); p < 0.001). This study demonstrates the benefit of a multidisciplinary group educational session delivered by a specialized midwife and a dietitian on pregnant women's knowledge and understanding of GDM.

Training Women in Management: A Continuing Education Workshop Approach.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dubin, Samuel S.

The number of women occupying managerial positions in the U.S. is relatively small, but it rose 47% from 1,321,000 in 1970 to 1,942,000 in 1976. Circumstances contributing to this rise are enforcement of legal sanctions against discrimination and women's increased educational attainment. This report describes a continuing education workshop series…

Perceived weight status may contribute to education inequalities in five-year weight change among mid-aged women.

PubMed

Siu, Jessica; Giskes, Katrina; Shaw, Jonathan; Turrell, Gavin

2011-06-01

To examine education differences in five-year weight change among mid-aged adults, and to ascertain if this may be due to socioeconomic differences in perceived weight status or weight control behaviours (WCBs). Data were used from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study. Mid-aged men and women with measured weights at both baseline (1999-2000) and follow-up (2004-2005) were included. Percent weight change over the five-year interval was calculated and perceived weight status, WCBs and highest attained education were collected at baseline. Low-educated men and women were more likely to be obese at baseline compared to their high-educated counterparts. Women with a certificate-level education had a greater five-year weight gain than those with a bachelor degree or higher. Perceived weight status or WCBs did not differ by education among men and women, however participants that perceived themselves as very overweight had less weight gain than those perceiving themselves as underweight or normal weight. WCBs were not associated with five-year weight change. The higher prevalence of overweight/obesity among low-educated women may be a consequence of greater weight gain in mid-adulthood. Education inequalities in overweight/obesity among men and women made be due (in part) to overweight or obese individuals in low-educated groups not perceiving themselves as having a weight problem. © 2011 The Authors. ANZJPH © 2011 Public Health Association of Australia.

Women in Engineering: Educational Concomitants of a Non-Traditional Career Choice.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evetts, Julia

1993-01-01

Uses career history data from 15 women in professional engineering careers to examine some educational concomitants of nontraditional career choices. The focus, from an interactionist theoretical perspective, is on how women actually experienced becoming an engineer. The educational influences identified are those perceived by women themselves to…

Education and Women's Work: Female Schooling and the Division of Labor in Urban America, 1870-1930. SUNY Series on Women and Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rury, John L.

This study examines the development of women's secondary education in U.S. cities in the years between the Civil War and the Great Depression. Chapter 1 looks at the period between 1870 and 1900 when, through the coeducational high school, women came to share in the academic culture traditionally reserved for males. Chapter 2 looks at who went to…

Contraception among young women attending high school in rural Nova Scotia.

PubMed

Langille, Donald B; Hughes, Jean; Murphy, Gail Tomblin; Rigby, Janet A

2002-01-01

To examine contraceptive methods used by rural adolescent women and socio-demographic factors associated with not using effective contraception. Students in three Nova Scotia high schools participated in a survey concerning sexual activity, behaviours, and contraception used at last intercourse. Proportions using no effective contraception were examined with respect to socio-demographic variables. The overall response rate was 80%; 46% of 922 young women aged 15-19 had had intercourse in the previous year. Of these, 87% used effective contraception at last intercourse. Average school mark < 80%, and having a father with less than high school education were associated with not using effective contraception. Mother's education and employment, family structure, age of first intercourse and importance of religion were not associated with lack of contraception. Using no, or ineffective, contraception at last intercourse was seen in fewer young women than has been seen in other Canadian studies. In addition to examining use of contraception in rural Canadian adolescents, the study provides evidence concerning factors for consideration in targeted interventions.

High school computer science education paves the way for higher education: the Israeli case

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Armoni, Michal; Gal-Ezer, Judith

2014-07-01

The gap between enrollments in higher education computing programs and the high-tech industry's demands is widely reported, and is especially prominent for women. Increasing the availability of computer science education in high school is one of the strategies suggested in order to address this gap. We look at the connection between exposure to computer science in high school and pursuing computing in higher education. We also examine the gender gap, in the context of high school computer science education. We show that in Israel, students who took the high-level computer science matriculation exam were more likely to pursue computing in higher education. Regarding the issue of gender, we will show that, in general, in Israel the difference between males and females who take computer science in high school is relatively small, and a larger, though still not very large difference exists only for the highest exam level. In addition, exposing females to high-level computer science in high school has more relative impact on pursuing higher education in computing.

"What about Women?" Historical Perspectives on the CSWE Council on the Role and Status of Women in Social Work Education (Women's Council)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alvarez, Ann Rosegrant; Collins, Kathryn S.; Graber, Helen V.; Lazzari, Marceline M.

2008-01-01

The Council on the Role and Status of Women in Social Work Education (WC), a volunteer committee of the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE), has a 37-year history. This article presents an overview of the WC from the late 1960s to September 2006 and acknowledges the needs, status, and contributions of women in social work education. Drawing on…

Women's Education in Developing Countries: Barriers, Benefits, and Policies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

King, Elizabeth M., Ed.; Hill, M. Anne, Ed.

This book examines the current state of and prospects for the education of women in developing countries. Generally, as the book indicates, women in such countries receive less education than their male counterparts. Moreover, poorer cultures tend to view girls as less valuable than boys, in that they may be less capable to perform physical labor.…

Women in Legal Education: What the Statistics Show.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neumann, Richard K., Jr.

2000-01-01

Used statistics from publicly available sources to establish how women are treated in legal education. Found that women will soon be the majority of students; although they have higher undergraduate grades than men, that differential reverses in the first year of law school. Also, women faculty are paid less than comparable male colleagues and…

Understanding Women's Position in Education: The Nigerian Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Okorafor, Philomena N.; Obidile, Jacinta I.; Okorafor, Anthony O.; Uduanochie, Christian A.

2015-01-01

All over the world, women's education has been neglected for a long time. This neglect has its foundation in the strong and cherished age-old belief in men's superiority and women's subordination. In recent years, it has been acknowledged that women possess hidden potentials that if fully developed, will contribute greatly in transforming their…

Identifying the Educational Needs of Menopausal Women: A Feasibility Study

PubMed Central

Trudeau, Kimberlee J.; Ainscough, Jessica L.; Trant, Meredith; Starker, Joan; Cousineau, Tara

2013-01-01

Background The goal of this project was to identify the educational needs of menopausal women and test the feasibility of an online self management program based on social learning theory. Methods The four stages included: (1) a needs assessment using a) focus groups with 24 women ages 40 – 55 and b) phone interviews with eight health experts, (2) the use of concept mapping methodology for quantifying qualitative data from Stage 1 to identify the core programmatic concepts, (3) development of a demonstration program, and (4) a pilot study with 35 women and nine health experts to assess knowledge gained and program satisfaction. Results Results show that women desire more information about normalcy of menopause and symptom management, found the program to meet a need for menopausal education otherwise perceived as unavailable, and they significantly increased their menopausal knowledge after brief exposure (t34= 3.64, p = .001). Conclusions This project provides support for an online health education program for menopausal women and content ideas for inclusion in women’s health education curriculum. PMID:21185735

Gender Wage Disparities among the Highly Educated

PubMed Central

Black, Dan A.; Haviland, Amelia; Sanders, Seth G.; Taylor, Lowell J.

2015-01-01

In the U.S. college-educated women earn approximately 30 percent less than their non-Hispanic white male counterparts. We conduct an empirical examination of this wage disparity for four groups of women—non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic, and Asian—using the National Survey of College Graduates, a large data set that provides unusually detailed information on higher-level education. Nonparametric matching analysis indicates that among men and women who speak English at home, between 44 and 73 percent of the gender wage gaps are accounted for by such pre-market factors as highest degree and major. When we restrict attention further to women who have “high labor force attachment” (i.e., work experience that is similar to male comparables) we account for 54 to 99 percent of gender wage gaps. Our nonparametric approach differs from familiar regression-based decompositions, so for the sake of comparison we conduct parametric analyses as well. Inferences drawn from these latter decompositions can be quite misleading. PMID:26097255

The effects of adolescent intimate partner violence on women's educational attainment and earnings.

PubMed

Adams, Adrienne E; Greeson, Megan R; Kennedy, Angie C; Tolman, Richard M

2013-11-01

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious, widespread problem that negatively affects women's lives, including their economic status. The current study explored whether the financial harm associated with IPV begins as early as adolescence. With longitudinal data from a sample of 498 women currently or formerly receiving welfare, we used latent growth curve modeling to examine the relationships between adolescent IPV, educational attainment, and women's earnings. We found that women who had been victimized by a partner during adolescence obtained less education compared with nonvictimized women, with victimization indirectly influencing women's earnings via educational attainment. The findings support the need for intervention strategies aimed at preventing IPV and promoting women's educational and career development over the life course.

Women's Empowerment and Education: Panchayats and Women's Self-Help Groups in India

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ghosh, Ratna; Chakravarti, Paromita; Mansi, Kumari

2015-01-01

While women have made many advances, their inferior status to men continues to be a global phenomenon. At a time of unprecedented economic growth, India is experiencing a dramatic intensification of violence against women and the majority of girls are still not getting equal educational opportunity. In one of the most important steps for the…

Women Studies in Engineering Education: Content Analysis in Three Referred Journals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chou, Pao-Nan

2013-01-01

Little is known about the research characteristics of past women studies in engineering education. In order to add knowledge base about the advanced development of women studies in current engineering education research, the purpose of the study is to investigate research characteristics of past women studies published in three referred…

Four Generations of Women's Educational Experience in a Rural Chinese Community

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huang, Haigen; Placier, Peggy

2015-01-01

Our study sought to understand changes in gender inequality in education across four generations of rural Chinese women's educational experiences in a small community in southern China. The 24 interviews and numerous informal conversations with 12 women showed that gender-based favouritism for men and against women undergirded family expectations,…

Awarding Educational Credit for Women's Unpaid Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sansregret, Marthe; Ekstrom, Ruth B.

Women who seek further education and the formal credentials it provides often have acquired valuable knowledge and work experience while performing various unpaid work in their homes and communities. Awarding college credit and recognition for women's nonpaid work is a measure of social justice and equity. The three major ways to evaluate and…

Educational Status of the Married Women and Their Participation at Household Decision Making in Rural Bangladesh

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chanda, Sanjoy Kumar; Howlader, Hasan; Nahar, Nasrin

2012-11-01

The key focus of this study is to explain the level of education of married women and their participation in decision making process at different arena of rural household. To find out the nature of the reality, survey research design was used for this study. The study was conducted at Maharajpur, one of the unions of Jhenidah district in Bangladesh in 2011. The respondents of the study consisted of 120 married women who were purposively selected from the study area. Data were collected through direct interview method using an interview schedule. Data were shown on univariate, as well as bivariate statistical tables and then analyzed. The study reveals that a significant percent (93.3) of higher level of education completed women had their consent of getting married whereas no consent was made by illiterate women. In the same way 46.7 percent higher level of education completed women had high level of purchasing power in compare to illiterate (.0%) and primary (14.6%) level completed women for the same level of purchasing. In the political decision making 86.7 percent higher level of education completed women had own consent to vote for election in contrast to 77.8 percent illiterate and 70.7 percent primary level completed women were influenced by their husband to decide voting.

"Politics" of Upward Mobility for Women and Minorities in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Omachonu, Florence

2012-01-01

A recent publication by the American Council on Education's, Office of Women in Higher Education (2010), shows that women and minorities promoted to senior level administrative positions have made gains. However, they remain underrepresented on most campuses. This paper argues that the slow emergence of women and minorities into senior level…

The role of women in dental education: monitoring the pipeline to leadership.

PubMed

Reed, Michael J; Corry, Ann Marie; Liu, Ying W

2012-11-01

The purpose of this study was to analyze data collected by the American Dental Association and the American Dental Education Association over the past two decades relating to changes in the number of women active in dental education and dental practice. The concept of a pipeline of women in dentistry was explored by analyzing predoctoral, postdoctoral, dental practice, and dental education domains for the inclusion of women. Statistical analyses show that there has been a consistent and progressive increase in the number of women in all stages of the pipeline. Over the past two decades, the number of female students attending and graduating from dental school has steadily increased. In 1984-85, 23.7 percent of all predoctoral students were women; in 2009-10, 45.1 percent were women. Similarly, in 1999, the graduating class was 35.3 percent women; in 2009, it was 46.1 percent women. In the postdoctoral domain, in 1996, 29.9 percent of all residents were women; in 2010, this had increased to 39.0 percent. In dental practice, the number of actively licensed women dentists in 1999 was 15.3 percent of the workforce; in 2010, this percentage had grown to 24.0 percent. In dental education, the number of women clinical faculty members has gradually increased from 669 in 1997-98 to 902 in 2007-08. Until 2000, there had been only two women deans and very few associate/assistant deans, with only sixteen in 1990. In 2000, major changes began with three women deans and seventy-two women associate/assistant deans. In 2009-10, there were 111 associate/assistant women deans and twelve women deans. These data show a progressive increase in the presence of women in all domains of dentistry, especially in leadership positions in dental education.

Breast health educational interventions. Changes in beliefs and practices of working women.

PubMed

Thomas, Barbara; Stamler, Lynnette Leeseberg; Lafreniere, Kathryn D; Delahunt, Tabitha D

2002-10-01

Health education programs supported by women's groups or workplaces have been successful in reaching large populations and changing intentions to perform breast health behaviors. This study examined the responses women working in the automotive industry had to two health education interventions, mailed pamphlets, and a combination of mailed material and classes at the worksite compared to a control group. A quasi-experimental design was used. Of the 948 women completing the pre-test, 437 also completed the post-test and were highly representative of the initial sample. The findings suggest that although the mailed information produced some change in practices and intentions, the classes in combination with the mailed pamphlets produced greater change. In addition, confidence in breast self examination as a method of detecting an existing breast lump increased from pre-test to post-test across all age groups. The reported influences on the women's decisions related to breast health varied across the life span. The results of this study can be used to support the development of effective health promotion programs for use at workplaces to increase the likelihood of women engaging in healthy breast practices.

Voices of Resilience: Successful Jamaican Women Educators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dole, Sharon

2014-01-01

Through the use of the framework of risk and resilience in a narrative inquiry, the present study examined the protective factors affecting the academic success of 24 Jamaican women in a graduate cohort in educational administration. All but two of the women rose from poverty to become academically successful, defined as having achieved graduate…

Coming into Her Own: Educational Success in Girls and Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Sara N., Ed.; Crawford, Mary, Ed.; Sebrechts, Jadwiga, Ed.

This book outlines approaches to teaching and learning that can address the diverse needs of students of different genders, races, ethnicities, classes, ages, and sexual orientations. The text focuses on strategies that optimize women's educational experiences, particularly education that is women-centered, and the attendant strategies that…

[Women with high fertility in Mexico: orientations for a population policy].

PubMed

Lopez, E

1989-01-01

high fertility women. The data demonstrate the growing acceptance of family planning in rural as well as in urban areas. In 1969, only 10% of rural women in union had ever used a contraceptive method. The 43.1% of Mexican women with little or no schooling contribute 63% of the high fertility. High fertility women are overrepresented in the lowest educational stratum in all age groups. Methodological difficulties arise in comparing the fertility performance of different social groups. It appears however that agricultural workers and unsalaried self-employed workers contribute a disproportionate share of high fertility.

Women's Involvement in Educational Psychology Journals from 1976 to 2004

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evans, Joy; Hsieh, Peggy Pei-Hsuan; Robinson, Daniel H.

2005-01-01

Previously, Robinson, McKay, Katayama, and Fan (1998) examined women's involvement in six educational psychology journals ("American Educational Research Journal," "Contemporary Educational Psychology," "Educational Psychologist," "Educational Psychology Review," "Journal of Experimental Education," and "Journal of Educational Psychology") from…

Implementing a Project-Based Technology Program for High School Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boudria, Theodore J.

2002-01-01

Describes the successful implementation of a Women in Technology (WIT) Project-Based Learning Program in High Tech Manufacturing by the Tech Prep Consortium at Bristol Community College (Massachusetts). Reports that the program's success was mainly due to the establishment of partnerships with industry, government, and education, including area…

As Capable as Other Students: Tanzanian Women with Disabilities in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tuomi, Margaret Trotta; Lehtomäki, Elina; Matonya, Magreth

2015-01-01

Globally, persons with disabilities are underrepresented in higher education. In sub-Saharan Africa, where opportunities for higher education are especially limited, women are unlikely to continue their education. This research investigates women in Tanzanian higher education with the double marginalisation of being a woman and having…

Education Mitigates the Relationship of Stress and Mental Disorders Among Rural Indian Women.

PubMed

Fahey, Nisha; Soni, Apurv; Allison, Jeroan; Vankar, Jagdish; Prabhakaran, Anusha; Moore Simas, Tiffany A; Byatt, Nancy; Phatak, Ajay; O'Keefe, Eileen; Nimbalkar, Somashekhar

Common mental disorders (CMD) are a constellation of mental health conditions that include depression, anxiety, and other related nonpsychotic affective disorders. Qualitative explanatory models of mental health among reproductive-aged women in India reveal that distress is strongly associated with CMD. The relationship of perceived stress and CMD might be attenuated or exacerbated based on an individual's sociodemographic characteristics. To screen for Common Mental Disorders (CMD) among reproductive-aged women from rural western India and explore how the relationship between perceived stress and CMD screening status varies by sociodemographic characteristics. Cross-sectional survey of 700 women from rural Gujarat, India. CMD screening status was assessed using Self-Reported Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20). Factors associated with CMD screening status were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. Effect modification for the relationship of perceived stress and CMD screening status was assessed using interaction terms and interpreted in terms of predicted probabilities. The analytic cohort included 663 women, with roughly 1 in 4 screening positive for CMD (157, 23.7%). Poor income, low education, food insecurity, and recurrent thoughts after traumatic events were associated with increased risk of positive CMD screen. Perceived stress was closely associated with CMD screening status. Higher education attenuated the relationship between high levels of stress and CMD screening status (82.3%, 88.8%, 32.9%; P value for trend: 0.03). Increasing income and age attenuated the link between moderate stress and CMD. Our findings suggest a high burden of possible CMD among reproductive-aged women from rural western India. Higher education might mitigate the association between elevated stress and CMD. Future efforts to improve mental health in rural India should focus on preventing CMD by enhancing rural women's self-efficacy and problem-solving capabilities to overcome

Educational Pairings, Motherhood, and Women's Relative Earnings in Europe.

PubMed

Van Bavel, Jan; Klesment, Martin

2017-12-01

As a consequence of the reversal of the gender gap in education, the female partner in a couple now typically has as much as or more education compared with the male partner in most Western countries. This study addresses the implications for the earnings of women relative to their male partners in 16 European countries. Using the 2007 and 2011 rounds of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (N = 58,292), we investigate the extent to which international differences in women's relative earnings can be explained by educational pairings and their interaction with the motherhood penalty on women's earnings, by international differences in male unemployment, or by cultural gender norms. We find that the newly emerged pattern of hypogamy is associated with higher relative earnings for women in all countries and that the motherhood penalty on relative earnings is considerably lower in hypogamous couples, but neither of these findings can explain away international country differences. Similarly, male unemployment is associated with higher relative earnings for women but cannot explain away the country differences. Against expectations, we find that the hypogamy bonus on women's relative earnings, if anything, tends to be stronger rather than weaker in countries that exhibit more conservative gender norms.

Science Education for Women: Situated Cognition, Feminist Standpoint Theory, and the Status of Women in Science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pinnick, Cassandra L.

2008-11-01

This paper examines the relation between situated cognition theory in science education, and feminist standpoint theory in philosophy of science. It shows that situated cognition is an idea borrowed from a long since discredited philosophy of science. It argues that feminist standpoint theory ought not be indulged as it is a failed challenge to traditional philosophy of science. Standpoint theory diverts attention away from the abiding educational and career needs of women in science. In the interest of women in science, and in the interest of science, science educators would do best for their constituencies by a return to feminist philosophy understood as the demand for equal access and a level playing field for women in science and society.

Women as Educational Leaders: The Theories behind the Facts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harder, Martha; Waldo, Karen

1983-01-01

This article explores why women may choose not to seek educational administrative positions or why they are not chosen if they do seek them. Discussed are (1) women's qualifications for leadership; (2) models of socialization; (3) career socialization; and (4) limited opportunities for women. (JMK)

Distance Education and Women Empowerment: The Women Who Dared at Distance Learning Institute

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Okunuga, A. O.

2011-01-01

In the past, the African female child had always been denied formal education due to various cultural and social prejudices. Distance education has been employed by numerous women, who had earlier thus been deprived, to bridge the educational gap between males and females in the country. These are mature females, of which the majority (54%) are…

CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR WOMEN--A GROWING CHALLENGE.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

KEYSERLING, MARY DUBLIN

COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES ARE CHALLENGED TO EXPAND OPPORTUNITIES FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR MATURE WOMEN. NEARLY 29 MILLION WOMEN ARE IN THE LABOR FORCE, MORE THAN TWICE AS MANY AS IN THE YEARS IMMEDIATELY BEFORE WORLD WAR II. IN 1966, THEY REPRESENTED 37 PERCENT OF ALL WORKERS IN PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL, AND KINDRED OCCUPATIONS COMPARED WITH 45…

Learning from Our Lives: Women, Research, and Autobiography in Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neumann, Anna, Ed.; Peterson, Penelope L., Ed.

The autobiographical essays in this volume offer insights into how the field of education might change as women assume positions of intellectual leadership. After the "Foreword" (Mary Catherine Bateson), the 13 chapters are: (1) "Research Lives: Women, Scholarship, and Autobiography in Education" (Anna Neumann and Penelope L.…

Sleep hygiene education: efficacy on sleep quality in working women.

PubMed

Chen, Pao-Hui; Kuo, Hung-Yu; Chueh, Ke-Hsin

2010-12-01

Although sleep hygiene education represents a promising approach for patients with poor sleep quality, little research has been devoted in understanding the sleep hygiene behavior and knowledge of working women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a short-term sleep hygiene education program on working women with poor sleep quality. This pilot study was a prospective and an exploratory intervention study. The intervention was tested on 37 selected working women with poor sleep quality in the community. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (score > 5) was used to identify working women with poor sleep quality. After a pretest to assess sleep quality, researchers implemented a 5-week sleep hygiene education program that addressed good sleep environments/habits, emotional stress, the influence of diet/alcohol/tobacco on sleep, exercise, and alternative therapies. Tests administered midway through the program and after program completion provided the data used to analyze effective sleep quality changes. Results showed sleep hygiene education to improve participant sleep quality significantly (p < .001). The sleep quality of all participants improved over both the 3- and the 5-week education program. The six components of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (i.e., subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction) also improved. A brief and effective sleep hygiene education program delivered by a nurse can improve sleep quality in working women with sleeping problems.

What Happens After School? A Study of Disabled Women and Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Toole, J. Corbett; Weeks, CeCe

The report, over half of which consists of appendixes and lists of resources, discusses the educational and related life experiences of six disabled women. Focus is on their early experiences with school and family, their high school years, their college years, and their work. Their disabilities include blindness, osteogenesis imperfecta (fragile…

Graduating High School in a Recession: Work, Education, and Home Production

PubMed Central

Hershbein, Brad J.

2012-01-01

This paper explores how high school graduate men and women vary in their behavioral responses to beginning labor market entry during a recession. In contrast with previous related literature that found a substantial negative wage impact but minimal employment impact in samples of highly educated men, the empirical evidence presented here suggests a different outcome for the less well educated, and between the sexes. Women, but not men, who graduate high school in an adverse labor market are less likely to be in the workforce for the next four years, but longer-term effects are minimal. Further, while men increase their enrollment as a short-run response to weak labor demand, women do not; instead, they appear to temporarily substitute into home production. Women’s wages are less affected then men’s, and both groups’ wages are less affected than the college graduates previously studied. PMID:22866181

Perspectives of potential donors on cord blood and cord blood cryopreservation: a survey of highly educated, pregnant Korean women receiving active prenatal care.

PubMed

Shin, Sue; Yoon, Jong Hyun; Lee, Hye Ryun; Kim, Byoung Jae; Roh, Eun Youn

2011-02-01

The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge of cord blood (CB) and attitudes toward CB banking among high-potential donors (i.e., well-educated pregnant Koreans) because their voluntary donation is indispensable to the success of unrelated CB transplantation. Questionnaires examining perspectives on CB were distributed to and completed by 1001 women attending a maternity education program from April to October 2008; 863 women answered that they had heard of CB. We analyzed the 863 questionnaires to identify the sources of information, the plan for CB, the reasons for decisions, beliefs about the potential uses of CB, and knowledge about current therapeutic uses. Most subjects received information from promotional materials distributed by CB banks and the media; however, minimal information was obtained from obstetricians. More than 90% of women who planned to donate cited "altruism," and 75.0% of the "private preservation" group indicated that a desire to "safeguard for the future" was the reason for their decision. The probability of autologous CB transplantation (p = 0.001) and current usefulness were significantly overestimated in the private preservation group (p = 0.02). In addition, 56% of subjects underestimated the probability of identifying a matched CB in the public bank, and the overall rate of correct answers about current usefulness was 57.4%. A considerable portion of educated pregnant Korean women has more than minimal knowledge of CB, but the levels of knowledge regarding the potency of the public bank and the current usefulness and limitations of CB are generally low; in addition, obstetricians play insignificant roles in disseminating knowledge. Providing accurate and detailed information to pregnant women not only via brochures and the media and/or Internet but also by obstetricians would encourage CB donation. © 2010 American Association of Blood Banks.

A randomized trial of enhanced HIV risk-reduction and vaccine trial education interventions among HIV-negative, high-risk women who use noninjection drugs: the UNITY study.

PubMed

Koblin, Beryl A; Bonner, Sebastian; Hoover, Donald R; Xu, Guozhen; Lucy, Debbie; Fortin, Princess; Putnam, Sara; Latka, Mary H

2010-03-01

Limited data are available on interventions to reduce sexual risk behaviors and increase knowledge of HIV vaccine trial concepts in high-risk populations eligible to participate in HIV vaccine efficacy trials. The UNITY Study was a 2-arm randomized trial to determine the efficacy of enhanced HIV risk-reduction and vaccine trial education interventions to reduce the occurrence of unprotected vaginal sex acts and increase HIV vaccine trial knowledge among 311 HIV-negative noninjection drug using women. The enhanced vaccine education intervention using pictures along with application vignettes and enhanced risk-reduction counseling consisting of 3 one-on-one counseling sessions were compared with standard conditions. Follow-up visits at 1 week and 1, 6, and 12 months after randomization included HIV testing and assessment of outcomes. During follow-up, the percent of women reporting sexual risk behaviors declined significantly but did not differ significantly by study arm. Knowledge of HIV vaccine trial concepts significantly increased but did not significantly differ by study arm. Concepts about HIV vaccine trials not adequately addressed by either condition included those related to testing a vaccine for both efficacy and safety, guarantees about participation in future vaccine trials, assurances of safety, medical care, and assumptions about any protective effect of a test vaccine. Further research is needed to boost educational efforts and strengthen risk-reduction counseling among high-risk noninjection drug using women.

Educating Girls and Women: A Moral Imperative.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Children's Fund, New York, NY.

This booklet focuses on educating girls and women. The main issues include gender gap and its persistence in education. The reasons for this persistence include poverty, distance of schools, non-availability of gender segregated schools, absence of female teachers, inflexible school timing, and irrelevant and gender-insensitive curriculum. It is…

Education of Women with Disabilities in Pakistan: Enhanced Agency, Unfulfilled Aspirations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hammad, Tehmina; Singal, Nidhi

2015-01-01

This paper examines the extent to which the capability approach captures the complexity of the lives of young women with disabilities in Pakistan, particularly in relation to their education. Focusing on their educational experiences and outcomes, we examine the ways in which education shaped what these young women were able to achieve--what they…

Graduate Social Work Faculty's Support for Educational Content on Women and on Sexism.

PubMed

Levin, Dana S; Woodford, Michael R; Gutiérrez, Lorraine M; Luke, Katherine P

2015-10-01

Social work faculty play an important role in preparing students to address sexism and engage in culturally competent practice with women. This study examines the nature of U.S. and Anglo-Canadian graduate social work faculty's support for content on women and on sexism. Although support appears high for both content areas, results suggest that faculty endorsement for content on women is significantly greater than that for sexism. Further, bivariate and multivariate analyses indicate that the nature of support differs for each content area. Implications for social work education are discussed.

New V I E W; Vocational Internship Education for Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davidson, S. H.; Shoenhair, Margaret T.

New VIEW (The New Vocational Education for Women Program) is an educational experiment undertaken by the Foothill-De Anza Community College district, designed to help mature women entering the labor force prepare for, and acquire, responsible careers. Objectives of the program are to raise each student's level of confidence and competence, prepare…

Women in Educational Research: Their Status from Student to Employee.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tittle, Carol Kehr; And Others

The Committee on the Role and Status of Women within the American Educational Research Association (AERA) decided to send a series of questionnaires to universities, school districts, state departments of education, and major research and development organizations in order to analyze the respective roles and statuses of men and women within AERA.…

The State and the Education of Women: Toward a Theoretical Understanding.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stromquist, Nelly P.

A theory, anchored in a socialist feminist perspective, is presented about the state and the education of women. Propositions of the theory are compared with data from a study of 31 international development agencies about the behavior of the state regarding the education of women. The study focused on basic education, defined as the first 4 or 5…

Neglected Women: The Educational Needs of Displaced Homemakers, Single Mothers, and Older Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eliason, Carol

The educational needs of neglected women are described in this report in the form of testimony from nationwide hearings on the subject, profiles of specific types of women, and case histories. Following each profile, solutions to the problems presented are suggested and existing programs are listed. Recommendations are made to revise existing…

Encountering Education in the Rural: Migrant Women's Perspectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mayes, Robyn; McAreavey, Ruth

2017-01-01

This paper explores migrant women's encounters with formal and informal education in what can be termed new immigration rural destinations. We ask to what extent educational opportunities are realized in these new destinations. We show that education aspirations may be jeopardized because of the desire to achieve economic goals and thus require…

Dauntless Women in Childhood Education, 1856-1931.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Snyder, Agnes

The lives and contributions of nine women educators, all early founders or leaders of the International Kindergarten Union (IKU) or the National Council of Primary Education (NCPE), are profiled in this book. Their biographical sketches are presented in two sections. The Froebelian influences are discussed in Part 1 which includes the chapters on…

The Impact of Women on American Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kerber, Linda K.

Intended for use in preservice teacher education programs, this unit provides an overview of the role that women have played as educators. The publication is designed to help future teachers become knowledgeable about issues of sexism and skilled in approaches to alleviating this problem in schools. The sections are chronological. Section 1,…

Education for contraceptive use by women after childbirth.

PubMed

Lopez, Laureen M; Grey, Thomas W; Hiller, Janet E; Chen, Mario

2015-07-29

were conducted in the USA; the others were from Australia, Nepal, Pakistan, and Syria. Four studies provided one session before hospital discharge; three had structured counseling of varying intensity and one involved informal counseling. Of eight interventions with than one contact, five focused on adolescents. Three of the five involved home visiting, one provided multiple clinic services, and one had in-person contact and phone follow-up. Of the remaining three for women of varying ages, two involved home visits and one provided phone follow-up.Our sensitivity analysis included six trials with evidence of moderate or high quality. In a study with adolescents, the group with home-based mentoring had fewer second births within two years compared to the control group (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.00). The other five interventions had no effect. Of trials with lower quality evidence, two showed some effectiveness. In Nepal, women with an educational session immediately postpartum were more likely to use contraception at six months than those with a later or no session (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.50). In an Australian study, teenagers in a structured home-visiting program were more likely to have effective contraception use at six months than those with standard home visits (OR 3.24; 95% CI 1.35 to 7.79). We focused our results summary on trials with moderate or high quality evidence. Overall, the overall quality of evidence in this review was moderate to low and the evidence of effectiveness was mostly low quality. The interventions could be improved by strengthening the program design and implementation. Some studies did not report program training for providers, adherence to the intervention protocol, or measurement of participants' knowledge and skills. Many trials did not have an objective outcome measure, i.e., pregnancy test or structured questionnaire for contraceptive use. Valid and reliable outcome measures are needed to obtain meaningful results. Still, given the

Lifecourse educational status in relation to weight gain in African American women.

PubMed

Coogan, Patricia E; Wise, Lauren A; Cozier, Yvette C; Palmer, Julie R; Rosenberg, Lynn

2012-01-01

Childhood disadvantage has been associated with increased risk of obesity from childhood through adulthood and those who are disadvantaged across the lifecourse are at highest risk. The effect of lifecourse socioeconomic status (SES) is particularly important for Black women due to the higher prevalence of low SES and obesity in Black compared to White women. We assessed associations of lifecourse SES, as indicated by educational status, with adult weight in African American women. We assessed the associations of parental education, current education (education of participant or her spouse), and a combination of parental and current education (lifecourse education) with weight gain among 21,457 women aged < 55 years in the longitudinal Black Women's Health Study, which began in 1995. We estimated the mean difference in weight gain between age 18 and age in 2009, and risk ratios for obesity in 2009, in each level of education compared to the highest level (college graduate). The age- and height-adjusted differences in mean weight gain for the lowest levels of parental and current education compared to the highest levels were 3.29 and 4.49 kg, respectively. The age-adjusted risk ratios for obesity for the lowest level of parental and current education were 1.44 (95% CI 1.32-1.57) and 1.75 (95% CI 1.57-1.95), respectively. Risk of obesity was lowest among those with current education of college graduate, regardless of parental education. Educational level of college graduate may overcome the adverse effects of low parental education on weight gain and obesity risk.

"Walking on the Ice": Women, Art Education, and Art.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walsh, Val

1990-01-01

Describes the objectives and scope of a larger research project on women's experiences in art and art education, in relation to creativity and society. Reviews research on women artists' experiences in the past and compares with data collected in contemporary women artists and students. Proposes to investigate these similarities further. (KM)

Mexican American Women's Reflections from Public High School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Kay Ann; Fernandez-Bergersen, Sandra Luz

2015-01-01

This qualitative case study examined 5 Mexican American women's experiences at the intersection of race and gender in public high school. Critical race theory provided the analysis and interpretation. The significant findings of this research included the following: (a) Racism is endemic and pervasive in public education; (b) many educational…

Opportunity or Exploitation? Women and Quality Assurance in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morley, Louise

2005-01-01

Based on interviews with 18 UK women academics and managers on quality and power in higher education, this article interrogates the impact of quality assurance discourses and practices on women in higher education. Micro-level analysis of the effects of audit and the evaluative state seem to suggest that hegemonic masculinities and gendered power…

Stereotypes and Their Consequences for Women as Leaders in Higher Education Administration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoeritz, Kimberly Jean

2013-01-01

Women are underrepresented as leaders in most facets of American work life. While present in fields that are traditionally feminine, there is a scarcity of women leaders in all other occupations including business, government, science and technology, agriculture, education in general and higher education in particular. While women currently…

Issues in Education and Training for Working Women. Worker Education and Training Policies Project and National Commisssion on Working Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilder, Denise

This paper reviews and summarizes the current and projected status of education and employment, and their relatedness, for working women, and suggests avenues for improvement. It examines women's increasing role in the labor force and the social, economic, and demographic trends and projections relevant to that role. In evaluating the impact on…

Emancipation in Educational System: Formation of Women's Higher Education in Russia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kornilova, Irina V.; Magsumov, Timur A.

2017-01-01

The focus of the article is on one of the turning points in the education development in Russia of the late imperial period, i.e., the establishment of women's higher education in the second half of the 19th century. The researchers involved various sources, including periodicals, ego-documents, documents of management and record keeping obtained…

Outcomes of Vocational Education for Women, Minorities, the Handicapped, and the Poor.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Campbell, Paul B.; And Others

A study investigated interrelationships between educational background and membership in "groups of special interest"--women, blacks, Hispanics, Native Americans, Asians, persons of low socioeconomic status (SES), handicapped individuals, and persons with limited English proficiency. Data were from the High School and Beyond sample and the sample…

Higher Education: A Qualitative Inquiry into the Educational Experiences of Seven African Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Otieno, Tabitha N.

This study was a qualitative inquiry that focused on the educational experiences of seven African women students' attempt to pursue higher education in their home countries. It identified the problems they encountered, and how they overcame them, and explored their educational experiences in the United States. Data came from systematic interviews…

A Historical View of Women in Music Education Careers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howe, Sondra Wieland

2009-01-01

Women music educators in the USA have been active in public and private schools, churches, and community organizations. In the nineteenth century, Julia E. Crane founded the Crane Institute of Music, the first institution to train music supervisors; and women developed kindergarten programs throughout the US. In the "private sphere," women taught…

Does women's education affect breast cancer risk and survival? Evidence from a population based social experiment in education.

PubMed

Palme, Mårten; Simeonova, Emilia

2015-07-01

Breast cancer is a notable exception to the well documented positive education gradient in health. A number of studies have found that highly educated women are more likely to be diagnosed with the disease. Breast cancer is therefore often labeled as a "welfare disease". However, it has not been established whether the strong positive correlation holds up when education is exogenously determined. We estimate the causal effect of education on the probability of being diagnosed with breast cancer by exploiting an education reform that extended compulsory schooling and was implemented as a social experiment. We find that the incidence of breast cancer increased for those exposed to the reform. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Low levels of food involvement and negative affect reduce the quality of diet in women of lower educational attainment.

PubMed

Jarman, M; Lawrence, W; Ntani, G; Tinati, T; Pease, A; Black, C; Baird, J; Barker, M

2012-10-01

Women of lower educational attainment tend to have poorer quality diets and lower food involvement (an indicator of the priority given to food) than women of higher educational attainment. The present study reports a study of the role of food involvement in the relationship between educational attainment and quality of diet in young women. The first phase uses six focus group discussions (n = 28) to explore the function of food involvement in shaping the food choices of women of lower and higher educational attainment with young children. The second phase is a survey that examines the relationship between educational attainment and quality of diet in women, and explores the role of mediating factors identified by the focus group discussions. The focus groups suggested that lower food involvement in women of lower educational attainment might be associated with negative affect (i.e. an observable expression of negative emotion), and that this might mean that they did not place a high priority on eating a good quality diet. In support of this hypothesis, the survey of 1010 UK women found that 14% of the effect of educational attainment on food involvement was mediated through the woman's affect (P ≤ 0.001), and that 9% of the effect of educational attainment on quality of diet was mediated through food involvement (P ≤ 0.001). Women who leave school with fewer qualifications may have poorer quality diets than women with more qualifications because they tend to have a lower level of food involvement, partly attributed to a more negative affect. Interventions to improve women's mood may benefit their quality of diet. © 2012 The Authors Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics © 2012 The British Dietetic Association Ltd.

Arab Women Make Inroads in Higher Education but Often Find Dead Ends

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lindsey, Ursula

2012-01-01

Since at least the early 1990s, Arab governments have made women's participation in higher education a priority. Across the region, young women fill the crowded lecture halls and bustling courtyards of universities. On many campuses, they outnumber men. But women's increased participation in higher education does not necessarily translate into…

Romani Women and Popular Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flecha, Ainhoa; Oliver, Esther

2004-01-01

The Romani community has traditionally been excluded from many spaces of participation, in many cases within the labour market and education. In this article, the authors analyse the situation of the Romani community, focusing especially on the reality of Romi who have been the catalysts of profound change for themselves as women and their…

Can an Educational Intervention Improve Iodine Nutrition Status in Pregnant Women? A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Amiri, Parisa; Hamzavi Zarghani, Najmeh; Nazeri, Pantea; Ghofranipour, Fazlollah; Karimi, Mehrdad; Amouzegar, Atieh; Mirmiran, Parvin; Azizi, Fereidoun

2017-03-01

Because of their increased need for iodine, pregnant women are among the high-risk groups for iodine deficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program on the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women. In this randomized controlled trial, 100 pregnant women were randomly selected from five healthcare centers in the southern region of Tehran, the capital of Iran. In the intervention group, pregnant women received a four-month educational program, which included two face-to-face educational sessions, using a researcher-designed educational pamphlet in the second and third trimesters, and two follow-up telephone calls. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) scores, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and salt iodine content were assessed at baseline and four months after the intervention. At baseline, there were significant associations between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.38, p = 0.03) between practice and UIC (r = 0.28, p = 0.01) and between UIC and iodine content of salt (r = 0.24, p = 0.009). Although a significant difference was found in mean KAP scores between the two groups after the educational intervention, scores were significantly higher in the intervention group compared with controls (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in UIC and iodine content of salt between the two groups at follow-up. Despite educational intervention increasing KAP among women regarding the importance of iodine and iodized salt consumption during pregnancy, their iodine status did not improve. Considering the main socio-environmental determinants of iodine deficiency, in particular, the monitoring of salt fortification, prescribing iodine containing supplements as well as improving health literacy in pregnant women seem essential strategies.

Education of Women in India. 1921-1966.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Misra, Lakshmi

After a survey of the social status and education of women in India prior to the passage of the Government of India Act and the introduction of diarchial government this document provides data on education for females in the Pre-Independence Period (1921-1947) and in the Post-Independence Period (1947-1966). Information is given on enrollment,…

Trends in Educational Equity of Girls & Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bae, Yupin; Choy, Susan; Geddes, Claire; Sable, Jennifer; Snyder, Thomas

This statistical report responds to a request by Congress for a report on educational equity for girls and women. The report assembles a series of indicators that examine the extent to which males and females have access to the same educational opportunities, avail themselves of these opportunities, perform at the same level, succeed at the same…

Placement of Women and Minority Graduates in Educational Administration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pounder, Diana G.

The National Commission on Excellence in Educational Administration 1987 report, "Leaders for America's Schools," has brought renewed attention to the underrepresentation of women and minorities in educational administration. This study attempts to collect data on placement practices of educational administration professors, analyze…

Women Faculty, Higher Education, and the Recreation/Leisure Field

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, Karla A.; Harrolle, Michelle; Rich, Samantha; Moretz, Janell

2012-01-01

Women represent growing numbers of faculty members in higher education as well as in recreation/leisure departments. The purpose of this study is to describe the career development of women faculty in recreation-related areas and to offer implications for faculty development and the preparation of future faculty. Data were collected from women who…

Conclusion: Women around the World Reshaping Leadership for Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grogan, Margaret

2010-01-01

Purpose: This short essay aims to reflect on the global experiences women in education have had in becoming leaders as noted in the articles in this special issue on women's leadership. Design/methodology/approach: The essay draws upon relevant historical and contemporary literature about women in the professions and in the workforce. Findings:…

A Transnational Community of Pakistani Muslim Women: Narratives of Rights, Honor, and Wisdom in a Women's Education Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Khurshid, Ayesha

2012-01-01

Using ethnographic data, this article explores how Muslim women teachers from low-income Pakistani communities employ the notion of "wisdom" to construct and perform their educated subjectivity in a transnational women's education project. Through Butler's performativity framework, I demonstrate how local and global discourses overlap to…

High School Physical Education Teachers' Beliefs about Teaching Students with Mild to Severe Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Casebolt, Kevin M.; Hodge, Samuel R.

2010-01-01

The purpose of this study was to analyze high school physical education teachers' beliefs about teaching students with disabilities in inclusive physical education. The participants (3 men, 2 women) were certified physical education teachers at four suburban high schools. The research method was descriptive-qualitative using a case study approach…

Experiences of Cigarette Smoking among Iranian Educated Women: A Qualitative Study.

PubMed

Baheiraei, Azam; Mirghafourvand, Mojgan; Mohammadi, Eesa; Majdzadeh, Reza

2016-01-01

Smoking is a well-known public health problem in women as well as men. In many countries including Iran, there is an increase in tobacco use among women. Exploring the experience of smoking by educated women in order to develop effective tobacco prevention programs in these women is necessary. This study aimed to explore the experiences of smoking among Iranian educated women. This study used a method of qualitative content analysis with the deep individual, semi-structured interviews on a sample of 14 educated female smokers, selected purposefully. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis with conventional approach while being collected. The data analysis led to 16 subcategories which were divided into four main categories: (1) Personal factors including subcategories of imitation, show-off and independence, inexperience and curiosity, personal interest and desire, improved mood, and social defiance; (2) family factors including smokers in the family, intrafamily conflicts, and family strictures and limitations; (3) social factors including subcategories of effects of work and school environment, gender equality symbols, peer pressure, and acceptance among friends; and (4) negative consequences of smoking including subcategories of a sense of being physically hurt, psychological and emotional stress, and being looked upon in a negative and judgmental manner. The findings of this study showed that smoking among Iranian educated women is a multifactorial problem. Thus, it is necessary to address smoking among educated women in a holistic approach that focuses on different determinants including personal, family, and social factors particularly the gender roles and stereotypes.

Does adolescent motherhood affect education and labor market outcomes of mothers? A study on young adult women in Chile during 1990-2013.

PubMed

Berthelon, Matias; Kruger, Diana I

2017-03-01

We analyze the impact of adolescent motherhood on several education and labor market outcomes in Chile over the 1990-2013 period. We explore whether effects are different across income levels, timing of adolescent births, and three sub-periods. Using the CASEN national household survey, we applied propensity score-matching methods on two samples of women aged 24: one for women in the 2009-2013 period and another sample of 24-year-old women living with their mother between 1990-2013. In both samples, adolescent motherhood has negative effects on educational outcomes (high school completion, enrollment in technical institutes and universities, and years of education) and on labor outcomes of non-poor women. Childbearing in early adolescence is associated with worse outcomes, and the adverse effects of adolescent motherhood on education and labor outcomes have diminished over the period. Similar to results in developed countries, adolescent motherhood has negative consequences on women's education and labor outcomes, particularly on women that become mothers early in adolescence. Public policies aimed at reducing teen motherhood will have important effects on young women's education and employment.

Women in Technical Education. Annual Report 1990-91.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Texas State Technical Coll., Waco.

First-year activities of Women in Technical Education, a project to develop a model for women in that field, were evaluated. A formative evaluation showed that intense development and implementation activity enabled achievement of first-year goals and objectives during the 1990-91 year. Procedures to accomplish objectives were effective.…

Effect of culturally competent educational films about prenatal screening on informed decision making of pregnant women in the Netherlands.

PubMed

Peters, I A; Posthumus, A G; Reijerink-Verheij, J C I Y; Van Agt, H M E; Knapen, M F C M; Denktaş, S

2017-04-01

To evaluate the effect of a culturally competent educational film (CCEF) on informed decision making (IDM) regarding prenatal screening (PS) in a study population consisting of multicultural pregnant women. A cross-sectional study with 262 women in the control group and 117 in the intervention group. All counselled participants received a self-report questionnaire to obtain data on IDM and only the intervention group received the CCEF. Twenty two percent of the study population had an ethnic minority background and 52% had a low or medium educational level. After exposure to the CCEF, knowledge about the Fetal Anomaly Scan (FAS) was significantly increased in ethnic minority women and in 'medium' and 'highly' educated women. Among women in the intervention group who had the intention to participate in FAS, there was an increase of 11% in IDM and a decrease of 12% in uninformed decision making. CCEF leads to a significant increase in the level of knowledge in medium and highly educated groups as well as non-western ethnic minority groups. The increase in IDM among intentional participants in the FAS is promising as well. CCEF's are a valuable complement to counseling about PS. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Equity Education. Fostering the Advancement of Women in the Sciences, Mathematics, and Engineering.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Cinda-Sue; And Others

This volume includes 10 reports that present findings and recommendations for advancing women in science, mathematics and engineering. Critical issues facing women in these disciplines are addressed, including demographic myths and realities at various educational levels; the educational pipeline for girls and women; involvement in education and…

The Women's Movement, Adult Education and Globalization: Women's Agencies in Zimbabwe.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mpofu, Stanley T.

1996-01-01

Notes that in Zimbabwe, women's agencies pursue practical, strategic, and interagency gender interests consistent with adult education practice. However, they also manifest the globalizing tendencies of pluralism, cultural homogenization, and the coalescence of transnational and domestic processes and structures. (SK)

Narratives of Nigerian Educated Women Pursuing Higher Education Degrees in Western Universities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bulus, Vincent Hassan

2012-01-01

The impetus for conducting this research is near and dear to my heart along with desiring to make a change for the better. In conducting interviews of Nigerian women's experiences, struggles and accessibility to secondary education, the research shows significant barriers to secondary education in their narrative experiences that their male…

Empowering Women in Agricultural Education for Sustainable Rural Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ugbomeh, George M. M.

2001-01-01

Discusses the concepts of agricultural education, women empowerment, and sustainable rural development. Suggests that, because women make up more than half of Nigeria's population, their empowerment would assist the efforts for sustainable rural development. (Contains 48 references.) (JOW)

Sensual sexuality education with young parenting women.

PubMed

Gubrium, Aline C; Shafer, Miriam B

2014-08-01

Comprehensive sexuality education curricula that incorporate sex positive and integrated approaches go beyond a presentation of facts and strategies for prevention to emphasize the promotion of sexual subjectivity and wellbeing. A pilot sensual sexuality education program was planned, implemented and informally evaluated with young parenting women at an alternative General Educational Development test preparation center. The program prioritized a sex positive framework, including topics such as pleasure, desire and sexual entitlement, and invited participants to explore sexuality through a multisensory orientation. Participants took part in small group discussions and activities that engaged their senses through arts-based methods. Grounded in holism, program topics were integrated with a focus on participants' everyday experiences. The pilot curriculum serves as a promising program for re-positioning young parenting women as sexual subjects, which is key to the promotion of health and wellbeing. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Maximizing Participation of Women in Collegiate Aviation Education. NIAR Report 93-14.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luedtke, Jacqueline R.

A study was done to examine the reasons for the low number of women in collegiate aviation education by focusing on the number and status of women aviation educators and on attitudes toward women in aviation. Information was sought from each of the 67 four-year University Aviation Association member institutions, with a response rate of 63%.…

Entrepreneurial Education: A Realistic Alternative for Women and Minorities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Steward, James F.; Boyd, Daniel R.

1989-01-01

Entrepreneurial education is a valid, realistic occupational training alternative for minorities and women in business. Entrepreneurship requires that one become involved with those educational programs that contribute significantly to one's success. (Author)

Women's autonomy, education and employment in Oman and their influence on contraceptive use.

PubMed

Al Riyami, Asya; Afifi, Mustafa; Mabry, Ruth M

2004-05-01

Since 1970 political and economic changes have brought about great improvements in health and education in Oman, and since 1994 the government has provided free contraceptives to all married couples in primary health care centres. Despite rapid socio-economic development, the fertility rate was 4.2 in 2001. The aim of this study was to define baseline data on ever-married women's empowerment in Oman from a national study in 2000, analyse the correlates of women's empowerment and the effect of empowerment on unmet need for contraception. Two indicators of empowerment were used: women's involvement in decision-making and freedom of movement. Bivariate analysis was used to link these measures and their proxies, education and employment status, with use of a family planning method. Education was a key indicator of women's status. Unmet contraceptive need for women exposed to pregnancy was nearly 25%, but decreased significantly with educational level and paid employment. While empowered women were more likely to use contraception, women's education was a better predictor of "met need" than autonomy, as traditional factors and community influence remain strong. For nearly half the 1,830 women in the study, the husband decided whether contraception was used. Fewer than 1% were using contraception before their first child as women are expected to have a child within the first year of marriage.

Impact of the spread of mass education on married women's experience with domestic violence.

PubMed

Ghimire, Dirgha J; Axinn, William G; Smith-Greenaway, Emily

2015-11-01

This paper investigates the association between mass education and married women's experience with domestic violence in rural Nepal. Previous research on domestic violence in South Asian societies emphasizes patriarchal ideology and the widespread subordinate status of women within their communities and families. The recent spread of mass education is likely to shift these gendered dynamics, thereby lowering women's likelihood of experiencing domestic violence. Using data from 1775 currently married women from the Chitwan Valley Family Study in Nepal, we provide a thorough analysis of how the spread of mass education is associated with domestic violence among married women. The results show that women's childhood access to school, their parents' schooling, their own schooling, and their husbands' schooling are each associated with their lower likelihood of experiencing domestic violence. Indeed, husbands' education has a particularly strong, inverse association with women's likelihood of experiencing domestic violence. These associations suggest that the proliferation of mass education will lead to a marked decline in women's experience with domestic violence in Nepal. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Using the Women's Community Education Approach to Deliver Community Employment Training: A Case Study from Longford Women's Link

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Patterson, Lorne; Dowd, Kathleen

2010-01-01

The recent economic downturn and surge in unemployment has focused attention on education and training as a strategic response to Ireland's socio-economic crisis. However, that attention has been concentrated on training through statutory institutions, particularly FAS and the VECs. Longford Women's Link, a Women's Community Education centre in Co…

Racial and/or Ethnic Differences in Formal Sex Education and Sex Education by Parents among Young Women in the United States.

PubMed

Vanderberg, Rachel H; Farkas, Amy H; Miller, Elizabeth; Sucato, Gina S; Akers, Aletha Y; Borrero, Sonya B

2016-02-01

We sought to investigate the associations between race and/or ethnicity and young women's formal sex education and sex education by parents. Cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of 1768 women aged 15-24 years who participated in the 2011-2013 National Survey of Family Growth. We assessed 6 main outcomes: participants' report of: (1) any formal sex education; (2) formal contraceptive education; (3) formal sexually transmitted infection (STI) education; (4) any sex education by parents; (5) contraceptive education by parents; and (6) STI education by parents. The primary independent variable was self-reported race and/or ethnicity. Nearly all of participants (95%) reported any formal sex education, 68% reported formal contraceptive education, and 92% reported formal STI education. Seventy-five percent of participants reported not having any sex education by parents and only 61% and 56% reported contraceptive and STI education by parents, respectively. US-born Hispanic women were more likely than white women to report STI education by parents (adjusted odds ratio = 1.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-2.99). No other significant racial and/or ethnic differences in sex education were found. There are few racial and/or ethnic differences in formal sex education and sex education by parents among young women. Copyright © 2016 North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. All rights reserved.

Strategies and Innovations for Nonformal Education for Women. ASPBAE Courier No. 46.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heslop, Yvonne, Ed.

1989-01-01

This document contains papers that were presented at a 1988 conference on nonformal education for women held in Guangzhow, China, and organized by the Asian South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education in association with the Chinese Federation for Women, the Guangzhou Adult Education Association, and Caritas Hong Kong. The following 12 papers are…

The effect of partners' education on women's reproductive and maternal health in developing countries.

PubMed

Adjiwanou, Vissého; Bougma, Moussa; LeGrand, Thomas

2018-01-01

The effect of partners' education on women's and children's health in developing countries has received relatively little attention to date. This study uses couple data from 37 recent Demographic and Health Surveys fielded in sub-Saharan African and Asian countries to assess the effect of partners' schooling on women's modern contraceptive use, frequency of antenatal care visits, and skilled birth attendance. Using multilevel logistic regressions, the study shows that partners' schooling has strong effects on their spouses' maternal healthcare utilization; especially when partners had secondary or higher levels of schooling. Overall, women whose partners had an above secondary level of education were 32% more likely to use modern contraceptives, 43% more likely to attend at least four antenatal care visits, and 55% more likely to deliver their most recent baby with a health professional, compared to women whose partner had no education, after controlling for individual and community-level covariates. Finally, interacting the partners' years of schooling, we found that an additional year of partners' schooling was 1) positively associated with modern contraceptive use when the women had low educational attainment (substitution effect), but negatively associated when women were better educated, 2) positively and increasingly associated with the frequency of antenatal care visits as women's education increased (multiplicative effect), and 3) positively and significantly associated with skilled birth attendance for less educated women (substitution effect). This study highlights the importance of male education in shaping their wife's health behaviours in developing countries and provides strong impetus for male education beyond primary level (as well as for women), something that has been neglected in past policy discourse. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Democratic Reforms and Women's Higher Education during the U.S. Occupation of Japan, 1945-1952.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moroishi, Yasumi; Martin, Don T.

This paper aims to show the significance of the educational reforms of women's higher education during the U.S. occupation of post-World War II Japan. To help fill the gap of research on women's higher education in Japan, focus is on an historical analysis of women's higher education reform policies. Since educational reforms are not…

High HIV prevalence among a high-risk subgroup of women attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in Pune, India.

PubMed

Mehta, Shruti H; Gupta, Amita; Sahay, Seema; Godbole, Sheela V; Joshi, Smita N; Reynolds, Steven J; Celentano, David D; Risbud, Arun; Mehendale, Sanjay M; Bollinger, Robert C

2006-01-01

To investigate changes over a decade in prevalence and correlates of HIV among high-risk women attending sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics in Pune, India, who deny a history of commercial sex work (CSW). Cross-sectional. From 1993 to 2002, 2376 women attending 3 STI clinics in Pune were offered HIV screening. Women who denied CSW were included (n = 1020). Of 1020 women, 21% were HIV infected. The annual HIV prevalence increased from 14% in 1993 to 29% in 2001-2002 (P < 0.001). The change in HIV prevalence over time was paralleled by changes in clinic visitor characteristics; in later periods, women were older, more often employed, less likely to be currently married, and more likely to report condom use. In multivariate analysis, factors independently associated with HIV were calendar period (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.9 for 1997-1999 vs. 1993-1996; 95% CI, 1.2-3.0; AOR, 2.3 for 2000-2002 vs. 1993-1996; 95% CI, 1.5-3.6), lack of formal education (AOR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4-2.9), having been widowed (AOR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.6-6.1), current employment (AOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.6), and genital ulcer disease on examination (AOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7). Women attending STI clinics in India who deny a history of CSW represent a small, hidden subgroup, likely put at risk for HIV because of high-risk behavior of their male partners, generally their husbands. Educational and awareness efforts that have targeted other subgroups in India (men and CSWs) should also focus on these hard-to-reach women. Risk reduction in this subgroup of Indian women would also be expected to reduce perinatal infections in India.

A Portrayal of Women Educational Leadership in Pakistan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malik, Samina

2011-01-01

The researcher is stimulated to work on the growing trends of women leadership. The problem has been designed to investigate the factors influencing the emergence of women leadership at higher education level in Pakistan. On the basis of the studies conducted by Oplatka (2006) and Cubillo, Brown, 2003, it was assumed that specific factors…

Women in Higher Education. Papers from a Conference Held in London on 29 June 1973.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

London Univ. (England). Inst. of Education.

Delivered at a conference on women in British education, this collection of papers demonstrates with statistical evidence and close argument the extent of discrimination against women in higher education. "The Place of Women in the Changing Pattern of Further Education" by Eileen Byrne looks at women as they leave school at the secondary…

Women's Formal Education and Economic Growth: The Case of the Philippines.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crawford, LouEllen; Sidener, Nancy L.

Research indicates that the education of Philippine women pays off in the economic growth of the country. Previous research which examined women's contribution to national income in six countries indicated that levels of educational attainment and levels of per capita national income were positively or moderately associated in five of the…

Cultural Strengths to Persevere: Native American Women in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waterman, Stephanie J.; Lindley, Lorinda S.

2013-01-01

Beginning with an overview of historical perspectives of Native American women, this article includes some discussion of values and practices of contemporary Native American women, data pertaining to Native American women's participation in higher education, and an introduction of familial cultural capital, community cultural wealth, Native…

[Women and education: a crucial equation for human development in Africa].

PubMed

Ba, F H

1993-03-01

Population education programs in Africa are specific to each country, yet have important common characteristics. Concern with safeguarding positive cultural traditions and moral values, and an essential objective of improving quality of life for individuals and societies are shared by many different programs. The idea of responsible parenthood, often touched on in the context of larger programs of "population and development" or "economic development and quality of life", calls for relating family size to prospects of economic development rather than limiting families to small sizes dictated by available family resources. Small families are seen not as a panacea but as a favoring factor within development policies. Smaller families are viewed as facilitating education of children and protecting family health through avoidance of early and closely spaced pregnancies. Rehabilitation of family values, modernization of means of production, and increasing educational levels and marriage ages are considered necessary steps in reduction of family sizes and improving quality of life. Fertility per se receives less priority in population education programs and when the issue is raised it is usually related to mortality or woman's status. The value attached to children in traditional African societies and their importance to female status limits receptivity to messages focusing exclusively on reducing family size. Most of the programs also place little emphasis on family size in relation to management of family resources, partly because of the continued importance of the extended family. Women occupy the most important place in population education programs because of their role in assuring family health, protecting the environment, educating children, and in production, and also because of their increasing marginalization in distribution of the benefits of growth. Educational activity is directed toward explaining the current status of women as resulting from sociocultural

Women's Educational Needs and Perceptions About Survivorship Following Bilateral Mastectomy.

PubMed

Suplee, Patricia D; Jerome-D'Emilia, Bonnie; Boiler, Jennifer L K

2016-08-01

More women are choosing to have a bilateral mastectomy to treat unilateral breast cancer despite it not being considered the standard of care. Women are making this choice for various reasons, including anxiety of follow-up screening of the other breast, risk of cancer recurrence for the rest of their lives, and desire to maintain control over the localized cancer. Currently, evidence-based information is lacking regarding this treatment choice. In addition, the concept of survivorship has yet to be examined in this population of women. This study aimed to explore women's educational needs and perceptions about survivorship following bilateral mastectomy as a treatment for unilateral breast cancer. In-depth interviews were conducted with 23 women using a semistructured interview guide. Data were elicited, coded, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Two themes were identified that addressed education and survivorship.

Transforming Cultural Competence into Cross-cultural Efficacy in Women's Health Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nunez, Ana E.

2000-01-01

Discusses the importance of changing cross cultural competence to cross cultural efficacy in the context of addressing health care needs, including those of women. Explores why cross cultural education needs to expand the objectives of women's health education to go beyond traditional values and emphasizes the importance of training for real-world…

Women's Education: The Challenge of the 80's. Annual Report 1980.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Advisory Council on Women's Educational Programs, Washington, DC.

The National Advisory Council on Women's Educational Programs was established in 1974 according to one of the provisions of the Women's Educational Equity Act, Public Law 93-380. The Council is charged with overseeing the administration of the program created by the act, making recommendations regarding funding of projects under the act,…

Guatemalan women achieve ideal family size: Empowerment through education and decision-making.

PubMed

Poelker, Katelyn E; Gibbons, Judith L

2018-02-01

Women's empowerment in family planning strengthens families and communities. Using 2014/2015 Demographic and Health Surveys data from 7,168 Guatemalan women, ages 35 and above with at least one living child, we examined indicators of empowerment in four domains - economic, educational, social, and contraceptive - and their relation to the number of living children compared to the ideal number of children. We reveal our analysis showing that economic, educational, and social empowerment predicted achieving the preferred number of children. Education and control over their own income are two critical empowerment factors for Guatemalan women.

Higher Education Learning Experiences among Vietnamese Immigrant Women in Taiwan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wu, Ya-Ling; Wu, Hsing-Chen

2015-01-01

Based on a sociocultural approach to adult learning and poststructural feminist theories, this study draws on interviews with 11 married Vietnamese women to explore the higher education learning experiences of Vietnamese immigrant women in Taiwan. On the basis of their husbands' permission and support, Vietnamese immigrant women embraced the…

Women and Minorities. Leaders in Transition: A National Study of Higher Education Administrators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Kathryn M.

Career issues, educational concerns, and the professional, educational, and personal backgrounds of 2,896 senior college administrators were studied, with focus on the status of women and minorities. Women represented 20 percent of the sample; minorities, 8 percent. Women and minorities were largely registrars, librarians, and financial aid…

Special Programs for Minorities and Women in Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council for Financial Aid to Education, New York, NY.

This volume describes and discusses numerous educational programs for minorities and women conducted and/or supported by academic and nonacademic institutions and organizations. Included are general assistance programs conducted at black, minority, and women's colleges and specific/career oriented programs supported by corporations. Information is…

An Assessment of Educational Interests of Women over 60.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

De Jong, Shirley

Educational interests of women aged 60 and over were studied, and a correlation between the respondents' ages, educational levels, marital status, as well as the number and types of educational topics they chose was investigated. The subjects' preferences as to selected program design questions were also identified. One hundred current members of…

A randomized trial of enhanced HIV risk reduction and vaccine trial education interventions among HIV-negative, high-risk women who use non-injection drugs: The UNITY Study

PubMed Central

Koblin, Beryl A.; Bonner, Sebastian; Hoover, Donald R.; Xu, Guozhen; Lucy, Debbie; Fortin, Princess; Putnam, Sara; Latka, Mary H.

2014-01-01

Background Limited data are available on interventions to reduce sexual risk behaviors and increase knowledge of HIV vaccine trial concepts in high risk populations eligible to participate in HIV vaccine efficacy trials. Methods The UNITY Study was a two-arm randomized trial to determine the efficacy of enhanced HIV risk reduction and vaccine trial education interventions to reduce the occurrence of unprotected vaginal sex acts and increase HIV vaccine trial knowledge among 311 HIV-negative non-injection drug using women. The enhanced vaccine education intervention using pictures along with application vignettes and enhanced risk reduction counseling consisting of three one-on-one counseling sessions were compared to standard conditions. Follow-up visits at one week and one, six and twelve months after randomization included HIV testing and assessment of outcomes. Results During follow up, the percent of women reporting sexual risk behaviors declined significantly, but did not differ significantly by study arm. Knowledge of HIV vaccine trial concepts significantly increased but did not significantly differ by study arm. Concepts about HIV vaccine trials not adequately addressed by either condition included those related to testing a vaccine for both efficacy and safety, guarantees about participation in future vaccine trials, assurances of safety, medical care, and assumptions about any protective effect of a test vaccine. Conclusions Further research is needed to boost educational efforts and strengthen risk reduction counseling among high-risk non-injection drug using women. PMID:20190585

Misogyny, Women, and Obstacles to Tertiary Education: A Vile Situation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stalker, Joyce

2001-01-01

Interviews with 18 women enrolled in postsecondary education used a framework of misogyny to reinterpret barriers to their participation Resulting themes included women's role in maintaining the home as sanctuary, women needing constraint, and men's role as suppressors. Results suggest how a theory based in misogyny can explain obstacles to…

Rising Valor: A Research Study of Chinese Women Working in Factories, Educating Themselves and Redefining Women's Empowerment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newton, Claudia Kristine

2017-01-01

Few empirical studies directly address education among women factory workers in China, much less their sense of agency, power, character and awareness. This dissertation seeks to discover whether among women factory workers in the core manufacturing center, the Yangtze River Delta region of China, educational opportunities and other resources…

[Determinants of participation among primiparous women in a prenatal education program].

PubMed

Martínez Galiano, Juan Miguel; Delgado Rodríguez, Miguel

2013-01-01

To determine the factors associated with participation in a prenatal education program among primiparous mothers. A multicenter observational study was carried out in four Andalusian hospitals (Spain) in primiparous women in 2010. Sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric history, and previous diseases were collected through an interview and from the clinical charts. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated. The study population consisted of 520 women. According to multivariate analysis, the factors associated with participation in the program were educational level (p <0.001), higher income levels (p <0.001), birth in Spain (p <0.001) and viewing the program as useful (p <0.001). After adjusting for these variables, no other variable was related to participation. The main reason given by women for not attending prenatal education was lack of an invitation to attend. Participation in the prenatal education program was favored by a higher educational level and income, birth in Spain, and viewing the program as useful. Copyright © 2012 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Concretizing Concepts: Continuing Education Strategies for Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mishra, Renuka; And Others

1994-01-01

Several action research projects for women's literacy in India demonstrated the importance of developing learners' planning skills, recognizing that learning is spiral and not linear, understanding the complexities of empowerment, and educating for change. (SK)

Hospitals can attract women through education.

PubMed

Rynne, S J

1987-09-01

Hospitals are responding to women's demands for information about healthcare by instituting educational programs specifically for women. To plan such programs, the first step is to establish the major goal--whether to attract new market segments or to better serve existing users of services. It is possible to accomplish both, but they may require different approaches in terms of the program's location, time, presenters, topics, and promotion. In addition to attracting an audience, these programs also can build an image and promote utilization of services. Women who hear or read of the programs will get the impression the hospital cares and is enlightened about women. Targeted segments can be established by factors such as age, geography, and employment status, and programs can be set up to meet the specific needs of each segment. The program planners must resist the urge to tell women what the planners want them to know; instead, planners should learn what the women want to know. The programs also should rely on research that deals specifically with women, instead of information applicable to all people, since that information is usually based on the study of men only. Once the program has been presented, its effectiveness can be measured through random telephone or mail surveys to determine whether the target market has been reached.

Educational differentials in mortality from cardiovascular disease among men and women: the Israel Longitudinal Mortality Study.

PubMed

Manor, Orly; Eisenbach, Zvi; Friedlander, Yechiel; Kark, Jeremy D

2004-08-01

While socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular disease have been observed in most industrialized countries, available information in Israel centers on ethnic variations and the role of education has yet to be investigated. This study examines educational differentials in cardiovascular mortality in Israel for both men and women aged 45 to 69 and 70 to 89 years. Data are based on a linkage of records from a 20% sample of the 1983 census with the records of deaths occurring until the end of 1992. The study population includes 152,150 individuals and the number of cardiovascular deaths was 14,651. Educational differentials were assessed for mortality of diseases of the circulatory system, ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, hypertensive diseases, and sudden death. Substantial mortality differentials were found among individuals aged 45 to 69 years, with larger inequalities among women. The age-adjusted relative risk for mortality of cardiovascular diseases among those with elementary education (< or =8 years) compared with those with high education (> or=13 years) was 1.46 (95% CI: 1.32-1.61) for men and 2.06 (95% CI: 1.76-2.41) for women. Differentials among the elderly were markedly narrower than those for younger adults. Similar trends were observed for mortality of subgroups of causes including cerebrovascular diseases and ischemic heart diseases. Educational differentials were not affected by adjustment for ethnic origin and car ownership. Those with 8 years of education or less suffer higher risk of cardiovascular mortality compared with adults with 13 or more years of education. Young, less educated women are more vulnerable, and health and social policies oriented towards this group are needed.

FACT SHEET ON EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF NONWHITE WOMEN.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Women's Bureau (DOL), Washington, DC.

NONWHITE WOMEN AND MEN HAVE MADE SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS IN RAISING THEIR LEVEL OF EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OVER THE LAST SEVERAL DECADES. THE MEDIAN YEARS OF SCHOOL COMPLETED BY NONWHITE WOMEN AND MEN 25 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER IN MARCH 1966 WERE 9.6 YEARS AND 8.8 YEARS RESPECTIVELY. COMPARABLE MEDIANS IN APRIL 1940 WERE 6.1 YEARS AND 5.4 YEARS. MOST…

Trends and Issues of Women's Education in China

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Jane; Carpenter, Marilyn

2005-01-01

China has a rich educational history dating back more than three thousand years, but women did not become part of the mainstream education system until the last sixty years. The Confucian ideology, which has been deeply rooted throughout Chinese history, confined females to an oppressed social status. Moreover, this historical ideology continues…

Women in Educational Leadership within the Tamale Metropolis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Segkulu, L.; Gyimah, K.

2016-01-01

Within the Tamale Metropolis, it is observed that only a few women occupy top level management positions within the Ghana Education Service (GES). A descriptive survey was therefore conducted in 2013/2014 academic year to assess the factors affecting the gender disparity in educational leadership within the Service. Specifically, the study sought…

Payment in Heaven: Can Early Childhood Education Policies Help Women Too?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newberry, Jan; Marpinjun, Sri

2018-01-01

Based on research and activism on early childhood education and care in the area of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, we argue that the Indonesian government's focus on early childhood has come at a cost to local women. Community-based early childhood programs are delivered by women whose work is unpaid or underpaid. Although early childhood education in the…

A cost effectiveness analysis of midwife psycho-education for fearful pregnant women - a health system perspective for the antenatal period.

PubMed

Toohill, J; Callander, E; Gamble, J; Creedy, D K; Fenwick, J

2017-07-11

Psycho-education can reduce childbirth fear and caesarean section numbers. This study determines the cost-effectiveness of a midwife-led psycho-education intervention for women fearful of birth. One thousand four hundred ten pregnant women in south-east Queensland, Australia were screened for childbirth fear (W-DEQ A ≥ 66). Women with high scores (n = 339) were randomised to the BELIEF Study (Birth Emotions and Looking to Improve Expectant Fear) to receive psycho-education (n = 170) at 24 and 34 weeks of pregnancy or to the control group (n = 169). Women in both groups were surveyed 6 weeks postpartum with total cost for health service use during pregnancy calculated. Logistic regression models assessed the odds ratio of having vaginal birth or caesarean section in the study groups. Of 339 women randomised, 184 (54%) women returned data at 6 weeks postpartum (Intervention Group n = 91; Control Group n = 93). Women receiving psycho-education had a higher likelihood of vaginal birth compared to controls (n = 60, 66% vs. n = 54, 58%; OR 2.34). Mean 'treatment' cost for women receiving psycho-education was AUS$72. Mean cost for health services excluding the cost of psycho-education, was less in the intervention group (AUS$1193 vs. AUS$1236), but not significant (p = 0.78). For every five women who received midwife counselling, one caesarean section was averted. The incremental healthcare cost to prevent one caesarean section using this intervention was AUS$145. Costs of delivering midwife psycho-education to women with childbirth fear during pregnancy are offset by improved vaginal birth rates and reduction in caesarean section numbers. Australian New Zealand Controlled Trials Registry ACTRN12612000526875 , 17th May 2012 (retrospectively registered one week after enrolment of first participant).

Community influences on intimate partner violence in India: Women's education, attitudes towards mistreatment and standards of living.

PubMed

Boyle, Michael H; Georgiades, Katholiki; Cullen, John; Racine, Yvonne

2009-09-01

Intimate partner violence (IPV) directed towards women is a serious public health problem. Women's education may offer protection against IPV, but uncertainty exists over how it might reduce risk for IPV at the community and individual levels. The objectives of this study are to: (1) disentangle community from individual-level influences of women's education on risk for IPV; (2) quantify the moderating influence of communities on individual-level associations between women's education and IPV; (3) determine if women's attitudes towards mistreatment and living standards at the community and individual levels account for the protective influence of women's education; and (4) determine if the protective influence of education against IPV is muted among women living in communities exhibiting attitudes more accepting of mistreatment. Study information came from 68,466 married female participants in the National Family Health Survey conducted throughout India in 1998-1999. Multilevel logistic regression was used to address the study objectives. IPV showed substantial clustering at both the state (10.2%) and community levels (11.5%). At the individual level, there was a strong non-linear association between women's education and IPV, partially accounted for by household living standards. The strength of association between women's education and IPV varied from one community to the next with evidence that the acceptance of mistreatment at the community level mutes the protective influence of higher education. Furthermore, women's attitudes towards mistreatment and their standards of living accounted for community-level associations between women's education and IPV. Place of residence accounted for substantial variation in risk of IPV and also modified individual-level associations between IPV and women's education. At the community level, women's education appeared to exert much of its protective influence by altering population attitudes towards the acceptability of

Barriers to Participation of Women Students with Disabilities in University Education in Kenya

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Opini, Bathseba

2012-01-01

This paper discusses barriers to the participation of women with disabilities in Kenyan university education. While studies have shown that students with disabilities are increasingly enrolling in and completing university education, the number of women with disabilities in higher education remains low. This paper highlights the factors that…

Association between dietary habits, education, serum triglycerides and blood cholesterol among women of Cabildo, Buenos Aires.

PubMed

Schneider, Raul J; Barengo, Noel; Haapala, Irja; Tavella, Marcelo

2006-01-01

A cross sectional study of 107 women between 20 and 69 years old, living in the town of Cabildo, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, which describes food intake and analyses its relation to their education, blood cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels. A food frequency questionnaire including questions regarding meal patterns and food use were completed by the participants. Questions regarding educational status were included. A nutritional risk score was created from nine food groups. Total blood cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels were determined. Average total blood cholesterol levels of the women who participated in the present study were higher (209 mg/dl) than those recommended by the National Cholesterol Education Program, while triglyceride values remained within the normal range (124 mg/dl). Total blood cholesterol levels increased with age. Bread, biscuits and cakes were consumed on a daily basis by 98% of the participants and dairy products by 92%, these being mainly full-fat. Meat and fast food intake were very high (96% and 100% respectively). Vegetable and fish intakes were higher among the more educated women. Mayonnaise (58%) and butter (43%) are popular as food dressings and bread spreads respectively, and sunflower oil was the most commonly used for cooking by 94% of the participants. Women with low educational levels (less than 7 years) had higher nutritional risk scores, and thus unhealthier dietary habits than those with more years of formal education. No statistically significant association was found between food groups and cholesterol or triglyceride levels.

Gendered Realities and Women's Leadership Development: Participant Voices from Faith-Based Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lafreniere, Shawna L.; Longman, Karen A.

2008-01-01

Women who seek high-level administrative leadership positions in various sectors of higher education continue to meet a variety of barriers (Eagly & Carli, 2007). These challenges are especially evident among the 105-member Council for Christian Colleges & Universities (CCCU), an association of faith-based liberal arts institutions. Seeking to…

Physical Functioning Trends among US Women and Men Age 45-64 by Education Level.

PubMed

Zajacova, Anna; Montez, Jennifer Karas

2017-01-01

Functional limitations and disability declined in the US during the 1980s and 1990s, but reports of early 21st century trends are mixed. Whether educational inequalities in functioning increased or decreased is also poorly understood. Given the importance of disability for productivity, independent living, and health care costs, these trends are critical to US social and health policies. We examine recent trends in functional limitations and disability among women and men aged 45-64. Using 2000-2015 National Health Interview Surveys data on over 155,000 respondents, semiparametric and logistic regression models visualize and test functioning trends by education. Among women and men with at least a college degree, there was no change in disability and mild increase in limitations over time. All other education levels experienced significant increases in functioning problems ranging from 18% higher odds of functional limitations in 2015 compared to 2000 among men with some college to about 80% increase in the odds of disability among women and men with less than high school education. The similar trends for both genders suggest common underlying causes, possibly including the worsening economic well-being of middle- and working-class families. The pervasive growth of functioning problems is a cause for concern that necessitates further scholarly investigation.

Reconsidering a Classic: Assessing the History of Women's Higher Education a Dozen Years after Barbara Solomon.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eisenmann, Linda

1997-01-01

A critique of Barbara Miller Solomon's 1985 book "In the Company of Educated Women" identifies its ground-breaking contributions but shows how it limited women's educational history by overemphasizing access to higher education and neglecting wider influences such as economics, women's occupational choices, and women's status in society.…

Higher educational attainment associated with reduced likelihood of abnormal cervical lesions among Zambian women - a cross sectional study.

PubMed

Hamoonga, Twaambo Euphemia; Likwa, Rosemary Ndonyo; Musonda, Patrick; Michelo, Charles

2017-10-13

The high burden of cervical cancer in Zambia prompted the Ministry of Health and partners to develop the cervical cancer prevention program in Zambia (CCPPZ) in 2006. Despite this intervention more women continue to die from the disease and there is little understanding of factors that may be linked with abnormal cervical lesions in the general population. We therefore examined if educational attainment is associated with abnormal cervical lesions among Zambian women aged 15 to 49 years. This study used data from the cervical cancer prevention program in Zambia, where a total of 14,294 women aged 15 to 49 years were screened for cervical cancer at nine health facilities between October 2013 and September 2014. The data represents women from six provinces of Zambia, namely Southern, Central, Copperbelt, Luapula, North-western and Eastern provinces. Step-wise logistic regression analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for educational attainment with presence of abnormal cervical lesions as outcome. Multiple imputation was further used to obtain the imputed stabilized estimates for educational attainment. The prevalence of abnormal cervical lesions, using the Visual Inspection with Acetic-acid (VIA) test was 10.7% (n = 1523). Educational attainment was inversely associated with abnormal cervical lesions (AOR = 0.75; 95% CI:0.70-0.81, AOR = 0.74; 95% CI:0.68-0.81 and AOR = 0.46; 95% CI:0.41-0.51) among women with primary, secondary and tertiary education, respectively, compared to those with no formal education. We find reduced likelihood of abnormal cervical lesions in educated women, suggesting a differential imbalance with women who have no formal education. These findings may be a reflection of inequalities associated with access to cervical cancer screening, making the service inadequately accessible for lower educated groups. This

Women Studying Childcare: Integrating Lives through Adult Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, Hazel R.

2011-01-01

Most studies of adult education align it with life change, but this research-based book tells a different story. It reveals how mature women who are training to work in childcare within the voluntary sector seek continuity in their lives. They engage with activities that connect aspects of their family, workplace and educational experience, and…

What Constitutes Equity for Women in Higher Education?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sandler, Bernice

Women and men too are becoming increasingly concerned about and aware of sex discrimination in higher education. In the past 2 years, formal charges of sex discrimination have been filed against 360 colleges and universities, none of which have been refuted by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Discrimination exists in all facets of…

Gender equality and education: Increasing the uptake of HIV testing among married women in Kenya, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

PubMed

Singh, Kavita; Luseno, Winnie; Haney, Erica

2013-01-01

Gender equality and education are being promoted as strategies to combat the HIV epidemic in Africa, but few studies have looked at the role of gender equality and education in the uptake of a vital service - HIV testing. This study looks at the associations between education (a key input needed for gender equality) and key gender equality measures (financial decision making and attitudes toward violence) with ever tested for HIV and tested for HIV in the past year. The study focused on currently married women ages between15-24 and 25-34 in three countries - Kenya, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The data came from the Demographic and Health Surveys. Logistic regression was used to study the role of gender equality and education on the HIV testing outcomes after controlling for both social and biological factors. Results indicated that education had a consistent positive relationship with testing for both age groups, and the associations were always significant for young women aged 15-24 years (p<0.01). The belief that gender-based violence is unacceptable was positively associated with testing for women aged 25-34 in all the three countries, although the associations were only significant in Kenya (among women reporting ever being tested: OR 1.58, p<0.00; among women reporting being tested in the past year: OR 1.34, p<0.05) and Zambia (among women reporting ever being tested: OR 1.24, p<0.10; among women reporting being tested in the past year: OR 1.29, p<0.05). High financial decision making was associated with testing for women aged 25-34 in Zimbabwe only (among women reporting ever being tested: OR 1.66, p<0.01). Overall, the findings indicate that the education and the promotion of gender equality are important strategies for increasing uptake of a vital HIV service, and thus are important tools for protecting girls and young women against HIV.

A Risky Business? Mature Working-Class Women Students and Access to Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reay, Diane

2003-01-01

Examines the experiences of 12 working class women attending an Access course at an inner city further education college. Risks and costs involved in transitioning to higher education were evident in the women's narratives. Material and cultural factors inhibited their access to higher education. The desire to "give something back"…

Lifecourse educational status in relation to weight gain in African American women

PubMed Central

Coogan, Patricia F.; Wise, Lauren A.; Cozier, Yvette C.; Palmer, Julie R.; Rosenberg, Lynn

2013-01-01

Objectives Childhood disadvantage has been associated with increased risk of obesity from childhood through adulthood and those who are disadvantaged across the lifecourse are at highest risk. The effect of lifecourse socioeconomic status (SES) is particularly important for black women due to the higher prevalence of low SES and obesity in black compared to white women. We assessed associations of lifecourse SES, as indicated by educational status, with adult weight in African American women. Design We assessed the associations of parental education, current education (education of participant or her spouse), and a combination of parental and current education (lifecourse education) with weight gain among 21,457 women aged less than age 55 in the longitudinal Black Women’s Health Study which began in 1995. Main Outcome Measures We estimated the mean difference in weight gain between age 18 and age in 2009, and risk ratios for obesity in 2009, in each level of education compared to the highest level (college graduate). Results The age- and height-adjusted differences in mean weight gain for the lowest levels of parental and current education compared to the highest levels were 3.29 and 4.49 kg, respectively. The age-adjusted risk ratios for obesity for the lowest level of parental and current education were 1.44 (95% CI 1.32-1.57) and 1.75 (95% CI 1.57-1.95), respectively. Risk of obesity for was lowest among those with current education of college graduate, regardless of parental education. Conclusions Educational level of college graduate may overcome the adverse effects of low parental education on weight gain and obesity risk. PMID:22764643

Do Men and Women Know What They Want? Sex Differences in Online Daters' Educational Preferences.

PubMed

Whyte, Stephen; Chan, Ho Fai; Torgler, Benno

2018-06-01

Using a unique cross-sectional data set of dating website members' educational preferences for potential mates ( N = 41,936), we showed that women were more likely than men to stipulate educational preferences at all ages. When members indifferent to educational level were excluded, however, the specificity of men's and women's preferences did differ for different age groups. That is, whereas women expressed more refined educational preferences during their years of maximum fertility, their demand specificity decreased with age. Men's specificity, in contrast, remained stable until the 40s, when it was greater than that of postreproductive women, and then was higher during their peak years of career-earnings potential. Further, when individuals' level of education was controlled for, women (compared with men) were more likely to state a higher minimum preference for educational level in a potential mate.

Evaluation of an educational program on cervical cancer for rural women in Mangalore, Southern India.

PubMed

Mary, Bright; D'Sa, Juliana Linnette

2014-01-01

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer in women worldwide. One way by which the incidence of this malignant disease can be minimized is by imparting knowledge through health education. This study aimed at developing an educational package on cervical cancer (EPCC) and determining its effectiveness in terms of significant increase in knowledge of rural women regarding cervical cancer. A one group pre-test, post-test design was adopted. Thirty rural women were selected using a convenient sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and a structured knowledge questionnaire developed by the researchers. The EPCC was designed for a duration of one hour and 10 minutes. The structured knowledge questionnaire was first administered as the pre-test, following which knowledge on cervical cancer was imparted using the EPCC. On the 8th day, the post-test was administered. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean post-test knowledge score of the women regarding cervical cancer was significantly higher than that of their mean pre-test score, indicating that the EPCC was effective in improving the knowledge of rural women on cervical cancer. The association between pre-test knowledge scores and selected demo-graphic variables were computed using chi-square test showed that pre-test knowledge score of the women regarding cervical cancer was independent of all the socio-demographic variables. It was concluded that the EPCC is effective in improving the knowledge of women, regarding cervical cancer. Since the prevalence of cervical cancer is high, there is an immediate need to educate women on prevention of cervical cancer.

Educating in a "Regressive Era": Exploring the Race-Full Ideological Standpoint of Black Women Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watson, Wanda

2017-01-01

The purpose of this 2-year phenomenological study was to build on the legacy of Black women educators before and after "Brown v. Board of Education" and examine the ideological standpoint of early career Black women educators from the millennial generation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three Black women educators…

A History of Male Attitudes toward Educating Women

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clabaugh, Gary K.

2010-01-01

The very essence of a culture is revealed in its educational attitudes, policies, and practices. Just as blood pressure and body temperature are measures of physical health, such matters are measures of social justice. This article focuses on the attitudes of males toward the education of women by highlighting the attitudes of the most famous and…

British Asian Women and the Costs of Higher Education in England

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bhopal, Kalwant

2016-01-01

This article will examine Asian women's experiences of financial support in higher education. The article is based on 30 in-depth interviews with Asian women who were studying at a "new" (post-1992) university in the South East of England. Women identified themselves as Muslim, Hindu and Sikh. The findings reveal that women's religious…

The limited effect of increasing educational attainment on childlessness trends in twentieth-century Europe, women born 1916-65.

PubMed

Beaujouan, Eva; Brzozowska, Zuzanna; Zeman, Kryštof

2016-11-01

During the twentieth century, trends in childlessness varied strongly across European countries while educational attainment grew continuously across them. Using census and large-scale survey data from 13 European countries, we investigated the relationship between these two factors among women born between 1916 and 1965. Up to the 1940 birth cohort, the share of women childless at age 40+ decreased universally. Afterwards, the trends diverged across countries. The results suggest that the overall trends were related mainly to changing rates of childlessness within educational groups and only marginally to changes in the educational composition of the population. Over time, childlessness levels of the medium-educated and high-educated became closer to those of the low-educated, but the difference in level between the two better educated groups remained stable in Western and Southern Europe and increased slightly in the East.

General Prospectus of Agricultural Education for Young Men and Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dublin (Ireland).

Designed to acquaint young men and women with the agricultural education programs currently available in Ireland's institutions of vocational and higher education, this prospectus describes the educational requirements, facilities, and programs under the auspices of Ireland's Department of Agriculture and Fisheries. Specifically, this document…

Advancement of Women in Dental Education: Trends and Strategies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sinkford, Jeanne C.; Valachovic, Richard W.; Harrison, Sonja

2003-01-01

Reviews progress made since the adoption of formal policies in support of women in the profession by the American Dental Education Association (ADEA). Provides an overview of current ADEA programs designed to increase the number of women in academic dentistry and sustain an environment in which they can contribute. (EV)

Women and Information Technology: Framing Some Issues for Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Damarin, Suzanne K.

1992-01-01

Discusses relationships among technology, women, and education. Presents three views of the computer's future: (1) the robot as superior human; (2) the cyborg; and (3) the human-computer dyad. Discusses effects that the computer has had upon work and school, particularly for women and at risk and nonliterate students. (SG)

Women's Education in India: Problems and Prospects.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reddy, M. C. Reddeppa

1991-01-01

Problems in educating women in India include social taboos, dependency, parents' discriminatory attitudes, low social status, early marriage, heavy work load, lack of motivation, and family poverty. Changes in attitudes, laws, and funding are needed to expand opportunities. (SK)

Crossing Borders: Academic Refugee Women, Education and the British Federation of University Women during the Nazi Era

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cohen, Susan

2010-01-01

This paper explores the educational experiences of a specific group of refugees, namely academic women refugees who were members of various branches of the International Federation of University Women, and who came to Britain under the auspices of the British Federation of University Women from 1933. As a result of voluntary or forced migration…

Women in Adult Education: An Analysis of Perspectives in Major Journals.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hayes, Elisabeth; Smith, Letitia

To clarify dominant perspectives on women in adult education publications, ethnographic content analysis was used to examine 112 journal articles in 4 major adult education journals. Articles analyzed were from two North American journals ("Adult Education"/"Adult Education Quarterly" and "Adult…

Engaging Canadian First Nations Women in Cervical Screening through Education.

PubMed

Zehbe, Ingeborg; Wakewich, Pamela; Wood, Brianne; Sameshima, Pauline; Banning, Yvonne; Little, Julian

2016-01-01

Recognition of the need to decrease cervical cancer rates in Indigenous populations has been ongoing-yet few successful interventions have been reported. In addition, literature addressing the challenges and barriers associated with designing screening programs aimed to specifically reach Indigenous women is limited. Here, we report findings from a mixed methods cervical cancer research project conducted in partnership with 10 First Nations communities in northwest Ontario, Canada. Individual interviews with community health professionals (the majority of whom identified as First Nations) stressed that awareness of cervical screening benefits is lacking. In contrast, focus group participants (women with no formal health education) emphasized the desire to learn more about the science of human papillomavirus (HPV), and that a positive HPV or abnormal Papanicolaou test need not mean a woman will undoubtedly develop cervical cancer. Both the health professionals and the focus group participants highlighted that sexual health education must start early, in schools, preferably before girls are sexually active and that it has to continue throughout life to create a screening culture with a focus on women's wellbeing. Both interview and focus group participants highlighted that sexual health education must start early, in schools, preferably before girls are sexually active and that it has to continue throughout life to create a screening culture with a focus on women's wellbeing. Health professionals elaborated mainly on special events for community women whereas focus group participants also recognized the need to include community men in health education particularly for de-stigmatizing the sexually-transmitted HPV infection.

Women in Leadership in Higher Education: Leadership Styles and the "Glass Ceiling"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michael, Rebecka

2013-01-01

Women in upper-level leadership positions in higher education are underrepresented. This study examined the predominant leadership styles of women who have achieved upper-level leadership positions in higher education explored intentional changes in their leadership styles. Primarily, the study sought to determine if these leaders had similar…

Girls' and Women's Education within Unesco and the World Bank, 1945-2000

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peppin Vaughan, Rosie

2010-01-01

By 2000, girls' and women's education was a priority for international development organisations. While studies have examined the impact of recent campaigns and programmes, there has been less exploration of ideas about girls' and women's education within development thought in the immediate post-colonial period, and the political mechanisms…

Slender women and overweight men: gender differences in the educational gradient in body weight in South Korea.

PubMed

Lee, Yeonjin

2017-11-21

Little is known about the gender-specific mechanisms through which education is associated with weight status in societies that have experienced a rapid rise in their obesity rates. This study extends previous literature by examining how the link between education and weight status operates within the structure of gender relations in South Korea where huge gender differences have been observed in the educational inequalities in weight status. Using the Korean National Health Survey (N = 17,947) conducted in 2008-2012 conditional quantile regression models were estimated to assess the associations between education and body weight distribution. The mean difference in the predicted probabilities of perceiving body image as average was compared by educational attainment for women and men while setting all other covariates at their means. Highly educated women were more likely to utilize their human capital to obtain slender body shape and the relationship was not mediated by economic resources. In contrast, education was positively associated with being overweight and obesity among men, for whom behaviors promoting healthy weight often conflict with a collective ideology at work that strongly supports long work hours and heavy alcohol consumption. Furthermore, Korean men were more likely to under-perceive their body size than Korean women, that is, overweight men tend to consider themselves to be of 'average' weight, regardless of their educational attainment. Current study found that gender inequalities in social status in South Korea operate to affect the relationship between education and weight status among men and women in unique ways. Weight status can be socially patterned by the interplay between education, economic, and behavioral resources within the structure of gender relations.

A Community Health Education System to meet the health needs of Indo-Chinese women.

PubMed

Ratnaike, R N; Chinner, T L

1992-04-01

This paper presents a Community Health Education System which is cost-effective, sustainable, strongly community-based, and directed at improving the health status of rural women in Indo-china (Kampuchea, Laos and Vietnam). The system is developed through a series of steps which are concerned with the education of Community Health Education Units (in national ministries of health) and, at the village level, among community health workers, women's groups, and other women. The ultimate aim is the establishment of a community health education program in Indochinese villages.

Access for Women to Higher Education in England and Australia: A "Second Chance".

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McFadden, Mark

This paper explores the way that opportunity of access to higher education, particularly for women of color and those disadvantaged by homelessness, is placed at risk by market approaches to education. In England, Asian and Afro-Caribbean women, have been able to access higher education through funds made available under the Race Relations Act of…

Education, Internationalism and Empire at the 1928 and 1930 Pan-Pacific Women's Conferences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodman, Joyce

2014-01-01

In order to explore education at the first two Pan-Pacific Women's Conferences, this article builds on Campbell and Sherington's account of education in Oceania and on empirical research undertaken by Selleck and others, along with relevant primary source material. It traces elements of empire as they played out in inter-war women's education and…

Mary Wollstonecraft's "Rational Education" Agenda and the Status of Women in Eighteenth Century England.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roberts, Leonard H.

This paper describes the life of Mary Wollstonecraft, the pioneer feminist, author, and educator in 18th century England and how the influences of rational education caused her to be an advocate of women's education beyond social deportment and menial activities. Wollstonecraft believed that education should be built on strengthening a women's…

Making Meaning of Adversity: Experiences of Women Leaders in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Diehl, Amy B.

2013-01-01

Despite the fact that women now earn more bachelor's, master's and doctorates than men, a gender gap for women leaders persists in the field of higher education. Women hold only 26 percent of all college and university presidencies with a large variance by type of institution. Women lead 33 percent of associate's level institutions but only 22…

Who Won the Debate in Women Education? Rousseau or Wollstonecraft?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Owusu-Gyamfi, Clifford

2016-01-01

Curriculum framework in the education of children became debatable during the enlightenment. Jean-Jacque Rousseau's treatise, "Emile," outlined an educational curriculum based on natural rights. Rousseau thought education should be based on espousing and exploring the natural abilities of a person. Therefore, since women have a natural…

Finding Our Stride: Young Women Professors of Educational Leadership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hewcomb, Whitney Sherman; Beaty, Danna M.; Sanzo, Karen; Peters-Hawkins, April

2013-01-01

This work is grounded in the literature on women in the academy and offers glimpses into four young women professors' experiences in the field of educational leadership. We utilized reflective practice and interpersonal communication to create a dialogue centered on three qualitative research questions that allows a window into our lives. We…

The Encouragement and Development of Women into Education Management.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gold, Anne

In Great Britain, it is not unusual to find primary schools staffed almost entirely by women, but managed by men. This paper argues that more women should manage education in western Europe and explains why. It examines the stereotypes of "gendered" management styles. For example, both Margaret Thatcher and Bill Clinton have encountered…

The Role of "Other Women" in Current Educational Transformations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Christou, Miranda; Puigvert, Lidia

2011-01-01

The INCLUD-ED project's case studies of successful schools in Europe reveal that there are advantages involved in opening schools to all kinds of women as far as educational and social inclusion is concerned. "Other Women"--those whose voices have traditionally been silenced in academic settings--help in crucial ways to improve education…

Higher Education for Women in Postwar America, 1945-1965

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eisenmann, Linda

2006-01-01

This history explores the nature of postwar advocacy for women's higher education, acknowledging its unique relationship to the expectations of the era and recognizing its particular type of adaptive activism. Linda Eisenmann illuminates the impact of this advocacy in the postwar era, identifying a link between women's activism during World War II…

"Opt-Out" Rates at Motherhood across High-Education Career Paths: Selection versus Work Environment. NBER Working Paper No. 14717

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herr, Jane Leber; Wolfram, Catherine

2009-01-01

This paper examines the propensity of highly educated women to exit the labor force at motherhood. We focus on systematic differences across women with various graduate degrees to analyze whether these speak to differences in the capacity to combine children with work over a variety of high-education career paths. Working with a sample of Harvard…

Links Between Education and Age at Marriage among Palestinian Women in Israel: Changes Over Time.

PubMed

Sabbah-Karkaby, Maha; Stier, Haya

2017-03-01

This study focuses on the link between education and marriage timing among Israeli-Palestinian women. Theoretical discussions on marriage timing center on the effect of the time women spend in educational institutions on their age at marriage, and on the change in the desirable traits of women in the marriage market. But most of these arguments overlook situations where significant changes in education take place alongside retention of traditional patriarchal values. Based on data from three population censuses - in 1983, 1995 and 2008-our results suggest that staying longer in schooling delays marriage, so women with less education are more likely to marry earlier than others. While young age is still considered an important characteristic in the Israeli-Palestinian marriage market, and women who delay marriage face a greater risk of remaining single, education becomes more important over the years so that postponing marriage becomes especially problematic for low-educated women. Our findings suggest that traditional norms and structural conditions together shape marriage timing. © 2017 The Population Council, Inc.

The Rationale and Strategy for Serving Mature Women Returning to Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McClain, Ruth Stellatella

Past, present, and future perspectives for mature women who are returning to postsecondary education are examined. It is suggested that women from all socioeconomic levels are returning to college to receive more education for self-fulfillment and for eventual marketable skills. Part I explores the characteristics of this population, discusses…

Trends in Inequalities in Induced Abortion According to Educational Level among Urban Women

PubMed Central

García-Subirats, Irene; Rodríguez-Sanz, Maica; Díez, Elia; Borrell, Carme

2010-01-01

This study aims to describe trends in inequalities by women’s socioeconomic position and age in induced abortion in Barcelona (Spain) over 1992–1996 and 2000–2004. Induced abortions occurring in residents in Barcelona aged 20 and 44 years in the study period are included. Variables are age, educational level, and time periods. Induced abortion rates per 1,000 women and absolute differences for educational level, age, and time period are calculated. Poisson regression models are fitted to obtain the relative risk (RR) for trends. Induced abortion rates increased from 10.1 to 14.6 per 1,000 women aged 20–44 (RR = 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41–1.47) between 1992–1996 and 2000–2004. The abortion rate was highest among women aged 20–24 and 25–34 and changed little among women aged 35–44. Among women aged 20–24 and 25–34, those with a primary education or less had higher rates of induced abortion in the second period. Induced abortion rates also grew in those women with secondary education. In the 35–44 age group, the induced abortion rate declined among women with a secondary education (RR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.60–0.73) and slightly among those with a greater level of education. Induced abortion is rising most among women in poor socioeconomic positions. This study reveals deep inequalities in induced abortion in Barcelona, Spain. The trends identified in this study suggest that policy efforts to reduce unintended pregnancies are failing in Spain. Our study fills an important gap in literature on recent trends in Southern Europe. PMID:20229107

A Review of Major Obstacles to Women's Participation in Higher Education in Kenya

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sifuna, Daniel N.

2006-01-01

The paper provides a comprehensive review of the major obstacles that hinder the participation of girls and women in higher education in Kenya. This is on the basis that their low participation in this level of education is a key constraint to the development of the country. While it is reckoned that girls' and women's education is inextricably…

Women and Graduate Management Education (2012). GMAC[R] Data-to-Go Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Graduate Management Admission Council, 2012

2012-01-01

This paper provides statistics on women and graduate management education for 2012. This paper contains two parts: (1) Women in the Business School Talent Pipeline; and (2) Women in Business. "Women in the Business School Talent Pipeline" discusses: (1) GMAT[R] Examinees; (2) B-School Demand from Younger Women; (3) MBA, Masters &…

Role of education in generativity differences of employed and unemployed women in Korea.

PubMed

Kim, Geumwoon; Youn, Gahyun

2002-12-01

This study investigated generativity differences between employed and unemployed women in Korea and examined the effect of education on generativity. There were 472 participants in this study, 252 employed married women and 220 unemployed married women living in the Kwangju metropolitan area. A questionnaire requesting demographic information and responses to the translated Loyola Generativity Scale was administered individually. Analysis showed significant generativity differences between the two groups, who also differed in education and mother and spouse roles. However, employment status was not a significant predictor for generativity when a stepwise regression analysis was applied. The analysis showed that education was the strongest predictor for generativity, while mother/wife roles, socioeconomic status, health, and childcare stress were also significant predictors. It was concluded that for Korean married women, generativity is more strongly related to education than employment status.

Educational attainment, perception of workplace support and its influence on timing of childbearing for Canadian women: a cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Metcalfe, Amy; Vekved, Monica; Tough, Suzanne C

2014-09-01

Under Canada's Employment Insurance system, parents are entitled to receive up to 50 weeks of parental leave at 55 % of salary. Despite this national policy, women with higher education are more likely to delay childbearing. This analysis aimed to assess the association between workplace support, educational attainment and the timing of first births. Women who had recently given birth to their first live-born infant and lived in Alberta, Canada, were randomly selected to participate in a telephone survey. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between workplace support, educational attainment and timing of first pregnancy. Among 835 women with a planned pregnancy, 26 % agreed that support or lack of support for pregnant women at their workplace affected their decision about when to begin their family. After controlling for age and income, women who had completed a post-graduate degree were three times (OR 3.39, 95 % CI 1.69-6.81) more likely to indicate that support or lack of support for pregnant women in their workplace affected their childbearing decisions. In spite of national policies, and the potential risks associated with delayed childbearing, workplace support impacts timing of pregnancy, particularly for highly educated women.

Educational technologies to encourage (self) care in postpartum women.

PubMed

Barbosa, Eryjosy Marculino Guerreiro; Sousa, Albertina Antonielly Sydney de; Vasconcelos, Mardênia Gomes Ferreira; Carvalho, Rhanna Emanuela Fontenele Lima de; Oriá, Mônica Oliveira Batista; Rodrigues, Dafne Paiva

2016-06-01

to evaluate national and international literature regarding the use of educational technologies to encourage self care in postpartum women. an integrative review of the literature. The articles were collected from the CINAHL, SCOPUS, PubMed, SciELO, LILACS and Cochrane databases; the time period for the articles referred to January/2004 to July/2014; the languages used in the articles were Portuguese, English, Spanish and French; the articles were selected from the following descriptors: postpartum care period, educational technology, nursing and self care. Twenty-seven articles were selected for analysis Results: based on the information found, the scales, counseling and home visits were among the most recommended educational technologies. the technologies promote communication, but are sometimes dependent on computer and internet access, which hinder their use by low-income women.

Strategies and Attitudes: Women in Educational Administration; A Book of Readers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farrant, Patricia A., Ed.

Approaches to help women in educational administation be successful in their professional and personal lives are considered in this collection of 30 articles. Among the titles and authors are: "The Society of Outsiders: Women in Administration" (Marian Swoboda, Jane Vanderbosch); "Upward Mobility for Women Administrators"…

Continuing Education of Women, Report of a Seminar (Toronto, Canada, March 1, 2, 3, 1973).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Canadian Association for Adult Education, Toronto (Ontario).

A report of a Seminar on Continuing Education of Women, held in March 1973 for Canadian women, is provided. The seminar was held to explore key issues in continuing education of women and to give guidelines to the Canadian Association for Adult Education (CAAE) as to relevant action that could be taken by the association. The contents of the…

Lack of Time as an Obstacle to Women's Education: The Case of Upper Volta.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McSweeney, Brenda Gael; Freedman, Marion

1980-01-01

In Upper Volta, a major nonformal educational program attempted to overcome environment and time obstacles to educational participation by rural girls and women. This article discusses project findings on women's time use, the impact of various labor-saving technologies introduced, and women's participation in and attitudes toward project…

Transtheoretical model-based postpartum sexual health education program improves women's sexual behaviors and sexual health.

PubMed

Lee, Jian-Tao; Tsai, Jia-Ling

2012-04-01

Postpartum sexual health education was once routinely administered to postpartum women, but few interventions were specifically described or clearly based on theory, and few sexual interventions affected women's sexual behaviors. To evaluate the effectiveness of a refined theory-based interactive postpartum sexual health education program (IPSHEP) in enhancing postpartum women's sexual behavior and health. For this prospective, randomized controlled trial, 250 participants were randomized to three groups. Experimental group A received our refined theory-based IPSHEP. Experimental group B received only an interactive, self-help pamphlet. The control group received routine education (a 10- to 15-minute educational talk and a sexual health pamphlet without an interactive design). Data were collected at baseline, 3 days, 2 months, and 3 months postpartum. Postpartum women's sexual self-efficacy (SSE), diversity of sexual activity (DSA), return to sexual activity, and sexual satisfaction (SS). Women who received our theory-based postpartum sexual health education program had significantly greater SSE (P < 0.05) and greater DSA (P < 0.05), and tended to resume their sexual life earlier than women in the routine teaching and interactive pamphlet-only groups (P < 0.05). However, the SS levels of postpartum women who received our program did not differ significantly from those of women who received routine teaching or the interactive pamphlet only.   Our findings suggest that a theory-based postpartum sexual health education program improved women's sexual health and sexual behavior and that the transtheoretical model can be translated into practice, supporting its use to enhance the sexual health of postpartum women. Despite the lack of a significant effect on SS, women who received our theory-based postpartum sexual health education program tended to maintain their prepregnancy level of SS in early postpartum. © 2011 International Society for Sexual

Globalization and Women in Southeast Asian Higher Education Management.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luke, Carmen

2002-01-01

This case study of Southeast Asian women in higher education management investigates culture-specific dimensions of "glass ceiling" impediments to career advancement in higher education. Respondents note that despite considerable training and expertise, Asian values and ideologies demand enactment of a construct of Asian femininity that…

Reframing women's health in nursing education: a feminist approach.

PubMed

Morse, G G

1995-01-01

To operate from a feminist paradigm is a new way of thinking for nurse educators. Feminist perspectives in nursing provide a new stage of consciousness--one that values women's voices, their way of knowing, and their life experiences, and, most important, one that challenges traditional patriarchal practices. Furthermore, nursing curricula with feminist perspectives provides a biopsychosocial approach that encourages the full recognition of variables that can influence women's health, such as socioeconomic status, racial and ethnic background, and biobehavioral factors. The debate in medicine over a specialty in women's health is not unique. The history of academia abounds with descriptions of struggles to establish new fields and disciplines. Recent specialties, such as pediatrics and gerontology, which are distinguished by age rather than specific organ or system, struggled for establishment and recognition. Historically, nursing curricula has emulated the biomedical model that is reductionistic and contradictory to nursing's holistic mission. Rather than classifying women's health into a separate entity, women's health may be introduced into present curricula by employing feminist ideals and pedagogy throughout the curriculum. This approach would provide a mechanism to explore women's health issues that were previously minimally addressed at best, or not addressed at all. More important, students would be provided with an opportunity to examine the societal effects of racism, sexism, and classism, and this education would potentially lead to a growing awareness of concerns specific to women and minorities.

Opening the Black Box: Women's Empowerment and Innovative Secondary Education in Honduras

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murphy-Graham, Erin

2008-01-01

This article aims to clarify the relationship between education and women's empowerment. Drawing from qualitative data collected in a study of four Garifuna villages on the north coast of Honduras, it argues that education can trigger the empowerment process if it expands women's knowledge and understanding, self-confidence and awareness of gender…

Increasing Girls' and Women's Participation in Basic Education. Fundamentals of Educational Planning Series, Number 56.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stromquist, Nelly P.

This booklet discusses how to improve girls' education drawing on lessons from experience and proposing action for the future. In spite of significant international mobilization in favor of women and their rights to education, much remains to be done. While girls' enrollment has increased, gender inequalities persist at all levels of education,…

Preservice Students' and Teacher Educators' Perceptions of the Indian National Policy of Education for Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dey, Chhaya

1987-01-01

Reports a study which investigated the alleged failure of Indian teacher education institutions to further the goal of equal education opportunities for women, an official goal of the Indian National Policy of Education. Concludes that official policy has not been translated into action. Offers five recommendations to help implement the policy.…

A Revolution in the Education of Women. Ten Years of Continuing Education at Sarah Lawrence College.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richter, Melissa Lewis; Whipple, Jane Banks

The Sarah Lawrence Continuing Education Center provides educational opportunities for women who are not now in college, but who wish to continue their educations. This book is a publication about and a catalog for the Continuing Education Center. The Undergraduate Program is explained, as are procedures for admission, financial aid, course work,…

A Report on the Status of Women in Education: Achieving Gender Equity for Women and Girls

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mobley, Pamela Rios

2010-01-01

In 2005, the National Education Association (NEA) began publishing a series of reports on the status of underserved groups in education. This report on the status of women and girls is based on the principle that every student has the human and civil right to a quality public education. America's public schools are expected to serve the needs of…

Specific psychological variables predict quality of diet in women of lower, but not higher, educational attainment

PubMed Central

Lawrence, Wendy; Schlotz, Wolff; Crozier, Sarah; Skinner, Timothy C; Haslam, Cheryl; Robinson, Sian; Inskip, Hazel; Cooper, Cyrus; Barker, Mary

2013-01-01

Our previous work found that perceived control over life was a significant predictor of the quality of diet of women of lower educational attainment. In this paper, we explore the influence on quality of diet of a range of psychological and social factors identified during focus group discussions, and specify the way this differs in women of lower and higher educational attainment. We assessed educational attainment, quality of diet, and psycho-social factors in 378 women attending Sure Start Children’s Centres and baby clinics in Southampton, UK. Multiple-group path analysis showed that in women of lower educational attainment, the effect of general self-efficacy on quality of diet was mediated through perceptions of control and through food involvement, but that there were also direct effects of social support for healthy eating and having positive outcome expectancies. There was no effect of self-efficacy, perceived control or outcome expectancies on the quality of diet of women of higher educational attainment, though having more social support and food involvement were associated with improved quality of diet in these women. Our analysis confirms our hypothesis that control-related factors are more important in determining dietary quality in women of lower educational attainment than in women of higher educational attainment. PMID:21078352

Specific psychological variables predict quality of diet in women of lower, but not higher, educational attainment.

PubMed

Lawrence, Wendy; Schlotz, Wolff; Crozier, Sarah; Skinner, Timothy C; Haslam, Cheryl; Robinson, Sian; Inskip, Hazel; Cooper, Cyrus; Barker, Mary

2011-02-01

Our previous work found that perceived control over life was a significant predictor of the quality of diet of women of lower educational attainment. In this paper, we explore the influence on quality of diet of a range of psychological and social factors identified during focus group discussions, and specify the way this differs in women of lower and higher educational attainment. We assessed educational attainment, quality of diet, and psycho-social factors in 378 women attending Sure Start Children's Centres and baby clinics in Southampton, UK. Multiple-group path analysis showed that in women of lower educational attainment, the effect of general self-efficacy on quality of diet was mediated through perceptions of control and through food involvement, but that there were also direct effects of social support for healthy eating and having positive outcome expectancies. There was no effect of self-efficacy, perceived control or outcome expectancies on the quality of diet of women of higher educational attainment, though having more social support and food involvement were associated with improved quality of diet in these women. Our analysis confirms our hypothesis that control-related factors are more important in determining dietary quality in women of lower educational attainment than in women of higher educational attainment. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Raising Awareness in Science Education for Women (RAISE-W)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Holford, M.

2014-01-01

Raising Awareness in Science Education for Women (RAISE-W) is a 501c non profit corporation whose mission is to aid in increasing and retaining the number of women - especially underrepresented females - engaged in scientific teaching and research. Initiated by a Protein Chemist and an Astronomer, our ultimate goal has been to develop informational tools and create innovative outreach programs for women across all STEM fields. At present RAISE-W is recruiting women at the undergraduate, graduate, and early career stages to participate in a unique, 1-year, executive coaching program modeled after those used in the business sector.

Women in Leader Roles within Higher Education in Bangladesh

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ahad, Lamia Rahman; Gunter, Helen

2017-01-01

Women have long been under-represented in organization leader roles within higher education. Research has identified, mapped and examined the data, with recommendations for change. The research reported in this article adds to current knowledge, and raises methodological questions by focusing on senior female leaders in higher education in…

Progress and Paradox for Women in US Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Daryl G.

2017-01-01

Gender, and especially the status of women, is certainly one of the most salient identities in all corners of the world. For some countries, the issues begin with the right to education at even the earliest ages. In the United States, there is a prevailing assumption, because women are a majority of the undergraduate and graduate populations in…

Women Reap More Benefits from Higher Education, Study Finds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Troumpoucis, Patricia

2004-01-01

Higher education offers a variety of benefits, both economic and non-economic, and women seem to reap much bigger economic benefits from earning an associate's degree or a bachelor's degree than their male counterparts, according to a new study. The study's author said this revelation could shed some light on why the numbers of women in college…

Women--Their Access to Education and Employment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Literacy Discussion, 1975

1975-01-01

The Unesco National Commissions carried out a series of studies simultaneously in Argentina, the Ivory Coast, Lebanon, Sierra Leone, and Sri Lanka regarding the relationship between the educational opportunities and the opportunities of employment open to women. Basic conclusions of international scope are presented. (LH)

Multiparity is associated with High Motivation to Change Diet among Overweight and Obese Postpartum Women

PubMed Central

Bastian, Lori A.; Pathiraja, Varanga C.; Krause, Katrina; Namenek Brouwer, Rebecca J.; Swamy, Geeta K.; Lovelady, Cheryl A.; Østbye, Truls

2010-01-01

Background Pregnancy is associated with weight gain and obesity. The aim of this study is to identify the effect of parity and other factors on motivation to change diet to lose weight in a cohort of overweight and obese postpartum women. Study Design Active Mothers Postpartum (AMP) is a randomized controlled trial aimed at postpartum weight reduction. At baseline, we measured motivation to change diet to lose weight among 491 overweight/obese postpartum women. Logistic regression was used to model the effect of parity on motivation to change diet at baseline while adjusting for potential confounders including age, race, education, BMI category, and breastfeeding status. Results Approximately two thirds (68%) of participants were highly motivated to change their diet to lose weight. In the multivariable model, women with three or more children had 2.5 times the odds of high motivation compared to primigravid women, and women not breastfeeding had 1.6 times the odds of high motivation compared to any breastfeeding. Conclusion Although risk for obesity is incurred starting with a woman’s first pregnancy, women in this study were more motivated to change their diet to lose weight after their third pregnancy. Further research is needed to understand how to best capitalize on the high motivation in women with several children and also how to improve motivation for primigravid women and women who are breastfeeding. PMID:20149971

The effect of education of women and urbanization on actual and desired fertility and on fertility control in Lebanon.

PubMed

Zurack, H C

1977-07-01

The influence of education of women and urbanization on actual and desired fertility and on fertility control in Lebanon was examined. Data were used from 1 study conducted in the Nabatieh district of South Lebanon in the summer of 1976 and from a 2nd study conducted in 1970 in an area on the outskirts of the capital city of Beirut. The total number of completed interviews in the Nabatieh sample was 1054. This population consisted mostly of Shiites with Christian and Sunni minorities. The urban sample consisted of 1545 Shiite and 1459 Maronite. The examination revealed that: 1) among the rural sample, a relatively high level of education (beyond the primary level) is necessary to induce a substantial decrease in average children ever born; 2) a comparison of rural and urban samples showed the effect of the education variable was dependent on religious affiliation - the Shiite women at low levels of education demonstrated higher fertility than Maronite women, but they responded more to an improvement in education in the urban area; 3) women urban residents showed lower fertility than women rural dwellers, controlling for religion and age; 4) the rural study conducted 5 years after the urban study showed a lower level of desired fertility; and 5) the Shiite women (who are a majority of the women in South Lebanon) revealed a tendency to use modern contraceptive methods, particularly the oral contraceptive, suggesting a receptivity in the area to the Lebanon Family Planning Associations project of Community Based Family Planning Services.

The Barriers, Fears and Motivations Encountered by Women Leaders in Higher Education Leadership Roles

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rabas, Audrey

2013-01-01

As the number of women working within leadership positions in the higher education system increases, there becomes more of a need to research these positions. With the number of women holding leadership positions in higher education organizations increasing in what are still considered male dominated roles, these women are being expected to…

Women's Health Lotería: a new cervical cancer education tool for Hispanic females.

PubMed

Sheridan-Leos, N

1995-05-01

An innovative public education tool, called Women's Health Lotería (WHL), was created to promote cervical cancer awareness among Hispanic females. The tool covers the risk factors for cervical cancer, the American Cancer Society (ACS) cervical cancer screening guidelines, and the invasive cervical cancer incidence rate in the Hispanic population. Professional journals and books; ACS and National Cancer Institute literature. Scientific evidence strongly suggests that cervical cancer mortality descreases with regular Pap test screening for sexually active women or those who have reached age 18. Many Hispanic women, however, do not know about the importance of Pap testing. WHL was developed to meet this learning need. After attending the educational program, 87% of the respondents achieved the learning objectives. This educational program can be used to educate Hispanic women about cervical cancer. The content and principles also can be applied to other groups of women.

Iranian Women: Between Education and Repression

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bousalis, Rina

2012-01-01

Iranian women have endured more than 30 years of an Islamist dictatorship that uses religion as a validation for unjust control. Human rights violations against women in Iran are a tragic phenomenon for an otherwise highly developed civilization. Invisible and powerless in a male-dominated society, Iranian women are discouraged from becoming…

Reflections on the Current Status of Women in American Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robbins, Lillian; Robbins, Edwin

2006-01-01

Since World War II, American women have gained much greater access to higher education, with women now 56% of undergraduates, and approximately half of medical and law school students, as well as attaining 49% of PhD's. Despite their greater representation, women pursuing professional careers still experience considerable stress. At the…

Voices of Women at Entry Level Positions of Educational Administration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hackney, Catherine Eggleston

1998-01-01

This paper examines the effects of organizational culture on women's professional lives. It focuses on women in entry-level positions in educational administration and explores the interaction of organizational attitudes and expectations with the participants' personalities, epistemological positions, work needs, performance self-esteem, and sense…

Identification of Abuse and Health Consequences for Military and Civilian Women

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-04-01

highly educated women report the lowest lifetime prevalence of intimate partner abuse. The finding that this sample of well-educated, middle-class...education is the most important. There are several possible explanations for this finding. One is that more highly educated women have more financial... highly educated women were least likely to report ever having been abused. This effect persists even when other risk factors including income are

Biological and Sociocultural Factors During the School Years Predicting Women's Lifetime Educational Attainment.

PubMed

Hendrick, C Emily; Cohen, Alison K; Deardorff, Julianna; Cance, Jessica D

2016-03-01

Lifetime educational attainment is an important predictor of health and well-being for women in the United States. In this study, we examine the roles of sociocultural factors in youth and an understudied biological life event, pubertal timing, in predicting women's lifetime educational attainment. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 cohort (N = 3889), we conducted sequential multivariate linear regression analyses to investigate the influences of macro-level and family-level sociocultural contextual factors in youth (region of country, urbanicity, race/ethnicity, year of birth, household composition, mother's education, and mother's age at first birth) and early menarche, a marker of early pubertal development, on women's educational attainment after age 24. Pubertal timing and all sociocultural factors in youth, other than year of birth, predicted women's lifetime educational attainment in bivariate models. Family factors had the strongest associations. When family factors were added to multivariate models, geographic region in youth, and pubertal timing were no longer significant. Our findings provide additional evidence that family factors should be considered when developing comprehensive and inclusive interventions in childhood and adolescence to promote lifetime educational attainment among girls. © 2016, American School Health Association.

The limited effect of increasing educational attainment on childlessness trends in twentieth-century Europe, women born 1916–65

PubMed Central

Beaujouan, Eva; Brzozowska, Zuzanna; Zeman, Kryštof

2016-01-01

During the twentieth century, trends in childlessness varied strongly across European countries while educational attainment grew continuously across them. Using census and large-scale survey data from 13 European countries, we investigated the relationship between these two factors among women born between 1916 and 1965. Up to the 1940 birth cohort, the share of women childless at age 40+ decreased universally. Afterwards, the trends diverged across countries. The results suggest that the overall trends were related mainly to changing rates of childlessness within educational groups and only marginally to changes in the educational composition of the population. Over time, childlessness levels of the medium-educated and high-educated became closer to those of the low-educated, but the difference in level between the two better educated groups remained stable in Western and Southern Europe and increased slightly in the East. PMID:27545484

The Lived Experience of Work and Career: Women Whose Parents Lack Postsecondary Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gibbons, Melinda M.; Woodside, Marianne; Hannon, Christine; Sweeney, Jeffrey R.; Davison, John

2011-01-01

There is a dearth of research exploring the career and work development of adults and the influence of family of origin on that development. In this qualitative study, the authors used a phenomenological approach to examine the career and work experiences of women whose parents have no education beyond high school and the influences of family on…

Government policies, industry/economics, social trends, and educational opportunities in 'women's decisions to work outside versus inside the home.

PubMed

Bosco, Susan M

2002-12-01

Research on the career decision processes of women has focused primarily on internal considerations such as mathematical ability, intelligence, and self-esteem; however, the external environment also has an influence on these processes. To date, the environmental factors have primarily been researched separately, if at all. They include government policies, industry/economics, social trends/expected sex roles, and educational opportunities. This pilot study investigated these four external factors simultaneously. In addition, a survey of literature on career decision indicated such research to be based on a limited pool of highly educated, management/professional women. This study also uses a wider group including housewives, blue collar, and pink collar women.

[Comparison of traditional cardiovascular risk factors frequency among women of different education levels].

PubMed

Martínez-Palomino, Guadalupe; Vallejo, Maite; Gárcia-Moreno, Juan; López-Pérez, Maritza; Díaz-Granados, Rosario; Badillo-Castillo, Matilde Osvelia; Garza-Rodarte, Adriana

2008-01-01

Ischemic heart disease is the first cause of death in the world in both genders between 30 and 40 years of age. It has been proposed that socioeconomic status could affect the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), as well as cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality. The purpose of this work was to compare the frequency of CVRF in two groups of women with different educational level. A higher frequency of visceral obesity was identified in the women with lower educational level and hypo-HDL-C in the group of women with higher educational level. Correlation between age and modifiable CVRF was different between the studied groups. A larger proportion of women with higher educational level than those with lower educational level drank alcoholic beverages and smoked cigarettes. Frequency of identified modifiable CVRF was similar to that found in other Hispanic-American populations. The inverse relationship between CVRF and educational level, a commonly used measure of socioeconomic status, and prevalence of CVRF informed in English and American studies was not observed in this investigation; probably because social and cultural conditions could affect the educational level in a different manner. Health education programs must take into account the cultural processes of each country, city, or community, regardless of the socioeconomic status, based on social and cultural backgrounds of each group.

Iodine nutrition status and knowledge, attitude, and behavior in Tehranian women following 2 decades without public education.

PubMed

Mirmiran, Parvin; Nazeri, Pantea; Amiri, Parisa; Mehran, Ladan; Shakeri, Nezhat; Azizi, Fereidoun

2013-01-01

To evaluate the association of iodine nutrition status and knowledge, attitude, and behavior in Tehranian women after 2 decades without updating public education. Cross-sectional study. Eight health care centers from 4 district areas of Tehran. A total of 383 women aged ≥ 19 years, randomly selected. Iodine concentration of 24-hour urine samples, iodine content of household salts, and knowledge, attitude, and practice scores regarding iodine nutrition and iodized salt. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify the association of knowledge, attitude, and practice scores with urinary iodine concentration (UIC) < 100 μg/L. The percentages of Tehranian women with high knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 26%, 26%, and 14%, respectively. Practice score was significantly different between females with UIC < 100 and > 100 μg/L (P = .001). Risk of UIC < 100 μg/L in women of childbearing age (19-45 years) after adjustment of education level, region of residence, and iodine content of salt was significantly associated with intermediate practice score (odds ratio = 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-13.2). Marginally suboptimal iodine status in women of childbearing age can be attributed to inappropriate practices, but not to knowledge and attitude. Copyright © 2013 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Connecticut Women's Education and Legal Fund Annual Report, 2007-2008

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Connecticut Women's Education and Legal Fund, 2008

2008-01-01

Connecticut Women's Education and Legal Fund (CWEALF) is a statewide non-profit organization dedicated to empowering women, girls and their families to achieve equal opportunities in their personal and professional lives. Members are guided by their commitment to feminism, diversity, empowerment, personal responsibility and self-sufficiency,…

Project WELD. Women's Education: Learning and Doing. A Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Formative Evaluation Research Associates, Ann Arbor, MI.

A project was undertaken to provide information about three types of education options available to undergraduate women: internships, women's studies classes, and skills development classes or workshops. Eight schools participated in the study: Wellesley College, Mt. Holyoke College, Cedar Crest College, Wells College, Westbrook College, Mt.…

The effect of epidural education on Primigravid Women's decision to request epidural analgesia: a cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Alakeely, Maha Heshaam; Almutari, Arwa Khalaf; Alhekail, Ghadah Abdulrhman; Abuoliat, Zainah Ahmad; Althubaiti, Alaa; AboItai, Laila Abdul-Rahman; Al-Kadri, Hanan

2018-05-03

Epidural analgesia represents one of the most effective pharmacological ways to relieve labour pain. Women's awareness regarding the use of epidurals is increasing. As the decision to use epidural analgesia during labour is affected by many social, personal and medical factors, this study aimed to explore the factors contributing to a pregnant women's decision to use epidurals and to understand the benefit of implementing a health education program regarding epidural analgesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted with primigravid women visiting the Obstetric Clinics for their routine antenatal care at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City in Riyadh from October 2014 to December 2016. The participating pregnant women were educated on the use of epidural analgesia during labour by a professional health educator utilizing specially designed educational materials. We assessed the relationship between the women's decision to request epidural analgesia and their age, place of residence, occupation, income and education level using a questionnaire. A total of 81 primigravid women were included in the study. Employed pregnant women were more likely to request epidural analgesia than non-employed women (46.7% vs. 18.2%, P = 0.019). After education, significantly more pregnant women were planning to request epidurals (mean score for answers before education was 2.12 ± 0.578 vs. 2.27 ± 0.592 after education, P = 0.013). Other variables, such as age, level of education, income and place of residence were not significantly associated with the participants' decision to request epidural analgesia. Health education on epidural analgesia is an important factor in increasing primigravid women's desire to request epidural analgesia. Education on epidural analgesia during antenatal care is needed for better decision making regarding the use of epidural analgesia during labour.