In cancer, genetically activated proto-oncogenes often induce �upstream� dependency on the activity of the mutant oncoprotein. Therapeutic inhibition of these activated oncoproteins can induce massive apoptosis of tumor cells, leading to sometimes dramatic tumor regressions in patients. The PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways are central regulators of oncogenic transformation and tumor ...

... was developed as a first test of in vivo efficacy of antibiotics identified as ... The BALB/c strain was further developed as a model for antibiotic efficacy. ...

Background and ObjectivesThis study was conducted by the International Consortium for Blood Safety (ICBS) to identify high-quality test kits for detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) for the benefit of developing countries.Materials and MethodsThe 70 HBsAg test kits from around the world were evaluated comparatively for their clinical sensitivity, ...

Cell cultures obtained from Vitis vinifera cvs Michele Palieri and Red Globe were cultured in order to stimulate stilbene production. In the calli, stilbene production peaked at day 22 of culture for both cultivars; the main compound was trans-piceid, followed by cis-piceid. Methyl jasmonate, which was added to cell suspensions in the first half of the exponential growth phase, enhanced stilbene ...

... training settings and methods was identified to ... have also supported learning or academic self-efficacy. ... post-training self-efficacy beliefs may be ...

BackgroundThe ultimate phenome of any organism is modulated by regulated transcription of many genes. Characterization of genetic makeup is thus crucial for understanding the molecular basis of phenotypic diversity, evolution and response to intra- and extra-cellular stimuli. Chickpea is the world's third most important food legume grown in over 40 countries representing all the continents. ...

Self-efficacy and its relationship to outdoor recreation is only recently being explored. This paper is an attempt to identify the specific domain of leisure self-efficacy and to explore how it might be relate...

... STUDY MATERIALS MEDIA (Identify each type of culture media used in the study, including neutralizing media. If using ...

... Sporicides Against Spores of Bacillus subtilis on a Hard Nonporous Surface); ... Until the Agency identifies a representative toxigenic strain or suitable ...

BackgroundDeciphering the metabolome is essential for a better understanding of the cellular metabolism as a system. Typical metabolomics data show a few but significant correlations among metabolite levels when data sampling is repeated across individuals grown under strictly controlled conditions. Although several studies have assessed topologies in metabolomic correlation networks, it remains ...

Taste and aroma related compounds have been analyzed in a collection of four traditional varieties and two tomato hybrids, representing a wide variability in fruit shape and color, grown in different environments: screenhouse and open field. Protected cultivation tended to show lower sugar concentration (fructose and glucose) but similar acid contents (citric, malic, and glutamic acids). The ...

Exogenous L-glutamate (L-Glu) has been shown to be able to elicit major changes in Arabidopsis root architecture at micromolar concentrations. The root response, which is strongly genotype-dependent, is specific to L-Glu and involves both inhibition of primary root growth and stimulation of root branching behind the primary root tip. The L-Glu appears to be sensed directly at ...

Human hepatitis E virus (HEV) is considered an emerging pathogen in industrialized countries. The aim of the present study was to contribute to the body of knowledge available on the molecular epidemiology of acute hepatitis E in Italy. Three sets of HEV-specific primers targeting the ORF1 and ORF2 were used to examine serum samples collected from acute hepatitis patients positive for anti-HEV IgG ...

A powerful convergence of genetics, neuroimaging and epidemiological research has identified the biological pathways mediating individual differences in complex behavioral processes and the related risk for disease. Orthologous genetic variation in non-human primates (NHPs) represents a unique opportunity to characterize the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms that bias ...

A powerful convergence of genetics, neuroimaging and epidemiological research has identified biological pathways mediating individual differences in complex behavioral processes and related risk for disease. Orthologous genetic variation in non-human primates represents a unique opportunity to characterize the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms which bias behaviorally- ...

A teacher's sense of self-efficacy has been consistently recognized as an important attribute of effective teaching and has been positively correlated to teacher and student outcomes. A number of studies show the impact of teachers with high levels of efficacy. Students of these teachers have outperformed students who had teachers with lower levels of ...

... triage guidelines for civilian and military use, (6) develop methods of measuring the efficacy of triage, and (7) identify paramedic interventions that ...

Jun 16, 2011 ... Although noninvasive collection of biological material for genetic analysis (i.e., hair-snaring methods) may help achieve these objectives, they ...

... carnivore, DNA, fisher, genetics, hair snare, identification, marten, Martes americana, Martes pennanti, noninvasive, population monitoring, track plate The ... ...

... We work on a strategy that enhances the efficacy of ... can then be used to carry drugs and other ... year, we have identified (a) a tumor-homing peptide ...

The objective of this research is to investigate and identify sources of human tissue which are capable of producing sufficient interferon for the evaluation of the efficacy of interferon in the prevention and treatment of virus infections of man. The spe...

... Thus, therapeutic drug delivery has limited efficacy and diagnostic imaging agents ... used to identify peptides that bind to proteins expressed on the ...

This guidance makes recommendations on the use of population pharmacokinetics in the drug development process to help identify differences in drug safety and efficacy among population subgroups. It summarizes scientific and regulatory issues that should b...

... natural killer (NK) cell function. No unified immunomodulatory antiviral mechanism was identified. Selective depletion methods for M0 and NK cells ...

... 5. Major efficacy analyses were also performed with the site #238 excluded. The site #238 was identified as one problematic ...

Salinity as well as drought are increasing problems in agriculture. Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum Desf.) is relatively salt sensitive compared with bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and yields poorly on saline soil. Field studies indicate that roots of durum wheat do not proliferate as extensively as bread wheat in saline soil. In order to look for genetic diversity in root growth ...

korpershoek c., van der bijl j. & hafsteinsd�ttir t.b. (2011)?Self-efficacy and its influence on recovery of patients with stroke: a systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing00(0), 000-000. ABSTRACT: Aims.? To provide an overview of the literature focusing on the influence of self-efficacy and self-efficacy enhancing ...

BackgroundPhase III trials of the malaria vaccine, RTS, S, are now underway across multiple sites of varying transmission intensity in Africa. Heterogeneity in exposure, vaccine response and waning of efficacy may bias estimates of vaccine efficacy.MethodsTheoretical arguments are used to identify the expected effects of a) ...

This study examined the most frequently listed characteristics of teachers with a high degree of self-efficacy identified by certified teachers enrolled in a classroom management course. Findings: a) high self-efficacy is an important belief that teacher most posses and b) teachers can promote delay of gratification among their ...

Urinalysis is one of the monitoring techniques recommended for identifying potential thyroid uptake by most of the organizations involved with radiation protection. However, little exists in the literature outlining the methodology to be used or the efficacy of this monitoring technique. The research upon which this dissertation was based was designed to ...

The goal of this work is to identify the spectral signature of chemisorbed CO2, to test the efficacy of carbonate formation on Mars-analog materials via CO2 chemisorption, and to identify the surface-chemical characteristics of good chemisorbents, with th...

Our research on the relationships between individual differences, feedback seeking, and reactions to feedback sought to identify and clarify the existing state of knowledge concerning these relationships. We identified five individual difference variables...

Methods identifying prostate cancer, methods for prognosing and diagnosing prostate cancer, methods for identifying a compound that modulates prostate cancer development, methods for determining the efficacy of a prostate cancer therapy, and oligonucleoti...

Methods identifying prostate cancer, methods for prognosing and diagnosing prostate cancer, methods for identifying a compound that modulates prostate cancer development, methods for determining the efficacy of a prostate cancer therapy, and oligonucleoti...

Given the success of self-efficacy theory for predicting student success in scientific study, and the demonstrated effect that teaching approaches have on student self-efficacy in majors courses, the purpose of this study is to ask if similar relationships between pedagogy and self-efficacy exist in introductory science courses for ...

Here, we map a quantitative trait locus (QTL) with a large effect on predisposition to barbiturate (pentobarbital) withdrawal to a 0.44 Mb interval of mouse chromosome 1 syntenic with human 1q23.2. We report a detailed analysis of the genes within this interval and show that it contains 15 known and predicted genes, 12 of which demonstrate validated genotype-dependent ...

Here, we map a quantitative trait locus (QTL) with a large effect on predisposition to barbiturate (pentobarbital) withdrawal to a 0.44 Mb interval of mouse chromosome 1 syntenic with human 1q23.2. We report a detailed analysis of the genes within this interval and show that it contains 15 known and predicted genes, 12 of which demonstrate validated genotype-dependent ...

Recent studies of coach-athlete interaction have explored the bivariate relationships between each of the tripartite efficacy constructs (self-efficacy; other-efficacy; relation-inferred self-efficacy, or RISE) and various indicators of relationship quality. This investigation adopted an alternative approach by ...

... both show the same trend of more AB homozygotes and fewer SCN homozygotes. No significant interactions between CYC and H1 were ... with a lowered viability of the AB/AB homozygote on the SCN cytoplasmic b...

... weight. Mantle tissue is the primary site of energy and nutrient storage in ... summer after the annual spawning event has occurred. The rates of somatic ... ...

Wild Australian Sorghum species which are a tertiary gene pool to grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] are of interest to sorghum breeders because they are resistant to important insects and pathogens. However, strong reproductive barriers have prevented hybridization between sorghum and th...

... 66�0.72 for the four models. TABLE 2. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test results for species (M. edulis, hybrid, and M. ... ...

This document was prepared as a guide to Federal field personnel in identifying building retrofit projects with early returns on investment. The past experiences with building retrofit programs, within the Federal Government, were used as a starting point for the development of this handbook. The steps recommended for identifying viable retrofit projects ...

Greenhouse hydroponic experiments were conducted using Cd-sensitive (cv. Xiushui63) and tolerant (Bing97252) rice genotypes to evaluate how different genotypes responded to Cd toxicity in presence of glutathione (GSH). Results showed that GSH alleviates Cd-toxicity, ameliorates Cd-induced damages on leaf/root ultrastructures. Nine proteins in roots were identified, using 2-DE ...

Study Objectives:To use video to determine the accuracy of the infrared beam-splitting method for measuring sleep in Drosophila and to determine the effect of time of day, sex, genotype, and age on sleep measurements.Design:A digital image analysis method based on frame subtraction principle was developed to distinguish a quiescent from a moving fly. Data obtained using this method were compared ...

A survey incorporating qualitative measures of student self-efficacy beliefs was administered to 1,387 first-year engineering students enrolled in ENGR 106, Engineering Problem-Solving and Computer Tools, at Purdue University. The survey was designed to identify factors related to students' self-efficacy beliefs, their beliefs about ...

Study objectivesThe goal of this study was to identify publications in the medical literature that support the efficacy or value of Emergency Medicine (EM) as a medical specialty and of clinical care delivered by trained emergency physicians. In this study we use the term "value" to refer both to the "efficacy of clinical care" in ...

Spirituality and self-efficacy both have been identified as factors that contribute to management of chronic illnesses and quality of life (QOL). For individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD), the lifespan is increasing, but adults report low self-efficacy, ineffective coping skills and poor QOL. The care of adult patients with SCD ...

This study examined the relationships among self-efficacy beliefs, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and academic adjustment among 111 African American women in college. Results revealed that self-efficacy beliefs predicted Motivation to Know, Externally Regulated motivation, Identified motivation, and academic adjustment. ...

The relationship between late normal tissue radiation injury phenotypes in 167 breast cancer patients treated with radiotherapy and: (i) radiotherapy dose (boost); (ii) an early acute radiation reaction and (iii) genetic background was examined. Patients were genotyped at single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eight candidate genes. An early acute reaction to radiation and/or the inheritance of ...

With about 200 000 phytochemicals in existence, identifying those of biomedical significance is a mammoth task. In the postgenomic era, relating metabolite fingerprints, abundances, and profiles to genotype is also a large task. Ion analysis using Fourier transformed ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) may provide a high-throughput approach to measure ...

Genotype and water deficit effects on leaf 2-DE protein profiles of two Populus deltoides x Populus nigra, cv. 'Agathe_F' and 'Cima', were analysed over a short-term period of 18 days in glasshouse using 4-month-old rooted cuttings and over a long-lasting period of 86 days in open field using 4-year-old rooted cuttings. Leaf proteomes were analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and ...

Individual differences in emotional processing are likely to contribute to vulnerability and resilience to emotional disorders such as depression and anxiety. Genetic variation is known to contribute to these differences but they remain incompletely understood. The serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and ?2B-adrenergic autoreceptor (ADRA2B) insertion/deletion polymorphisms impact on two separate but ...

We examined the relationships between xylem resistance to cavitation and 16 structural and functional traits across eight unrelated Populus deltoides x Populus nigra genotypes grown under two contrasting water regimes. The xylem water potential inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductance (Psi(50)) varied from -1.60 to -2.40 MPa. Drought-acclimated trees displayed a safer xylem, although the extent ...

The transition from self-incompatibility (SI) to self-compatibility (SC) is regarded as one of the most prevalent transitions in Angiosperm evolution, having profound impacts on the genetic structure of populations. Yet, the identity and function of mutations that result in the breakdown of SI in nature are not well understood. This work provides the first detailed genetic description of the ...

The transition from self-incompatibility (SI) to self-compatibility (SC) is regarded as one of the most prevalent transitions in Angiosperm evolution, having profound impacts on the genetic structure of populations. Yet, the identity and function of mutations that result in the breakdown of SI in nature are not well understood. This work provides the first detailed genetic description of the ...

Self-efficacy and mathematics anxiety have been identified as predictors of mathematics achievement. In the present study, secondary analyses on matrix summaries available from prior published studies were utilized to investigate the contribution that self-efficacy and mathematics anxiety made in mathematics performance. Commonality ...

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a treatment of infantile spasms (IS). Here, we examine the efficacy of KD in medically refractory IS, examine its impact on growth in infants, and explore its mechanism of action. At 1-3 months after the initiation of the KD, 46% of twenty-six patients had a greater than 90% reduction in IS. No significant relationships between reduction in IS and ...

This review aims to document the efficacy and validity of vision therapy for modifying and improving vision functioning. The paper describes the essential components of the visual system and disorders which can be physiologically and clinically identified. Vision therapy is defined as a clinical approach for correcting and ameliorating the effects of ...

This report describes the outcomes of a study that examined teacher efficacy in order to generate an exploratory and explanatory theory of teacher efficacy in the context of four heterogeneous fifth and sixth grade classrooms. It investigated how the four elementary teachers identified as being efficacious ...

This article describes the influences of social context on women�s health behavior through illustration of the powerful influences of social capital (the benefits and challenges that accrue from participation in social networks and groups) on experiences and perceptions of self-efficacy. The authors conducted inductive interviews with Latino and Filipino academics and social ...

Self-efficacy has been reported to play a significant role in stress levels of parents facing challenging behaviours of their children with learning disabilities. The role of self-efficacy has also been found to affect the stress levels of professional caregivers in such situations. To understand the implications of staff self-efficacy ...

The purpose of this study was to measure school nurses' perceived self-efficacy in providing diabetes care and education to children and to identify factors that correlate with higher self-efficacy levels in the performance of these tasks. The results of this study revealed that the surveyed school nurses perceived a moderate level of ...

An accurate understanding of the mechanisms underlying an individual's response to rt-PA treatment is critical to improve stroke patients' management. We thus reviewed the literature in order to identify biochemical and genetic factors that have been associated with safety and efficacy of rt-PA administration after stroke.

Bioassay and small-scale test systems were used to determine the efficacy and persistence of plant growth regulators with potential for aquatic plant management. The goal of the project was to identify compounds that reduce plant height and thus weediness...

Tested use of instant alert hypnosis on 16 children diagnosed with attention deficit disorder. Found that EEG beta-theta ratio means were significantly higher in trials of neurotherapy combined with alert hypnosis than neurotherapy alone. Beta was significantly enhanced, whereas theta was inhibited. Identified improved treatment efficacy and reduced time ...

An anthrax-spore aerosol infection mouse model was developed as a first test of in vivo efficacy of antibiotics identified as active against Bacillus anthracis. Whole-body, LD50 aerosol challenge doses in a range of 1.9 x10(3) to 3.4 x 10(4) with spores o...

The challenge of modern-day water chlorination is to reap the benefits of chlorine's excellent disinfection efficacy while minimizing its environmental impacts and byproduct toxicity. Chemists, biologists, and engineers need to work together to identify, ...

Active separation control, using periodic excitation, was studied experimentally at high Reynolds numbers. The effects of compressibility, mild sweep, location o excitation slot and steady momentum transfer on the efficacy of the method were identified. T...

The objective was to identify and summarize evidence from controlled trials on the efficacy and tolerability of self-administered drug treatment for acute migraine headache. A literature review, which included the 1996 MEDLINE database, was conducted to i...

The 'Synoptic Survey of Total Mercury in Recreational Finfish of the Gulf of Mexico' evaluated selected finfish as potential 'indicator' species for their efficacy to identify mercury hot spots in marine and estuarine waters. The metric used for the basis...

This paper reviews existing and proposed pretreatment processes for biomass. The focus is on the mechanisms by which the various pretreatments act and the influence of biomass structure and composition on the efficacy of particular pretreatment techniques. This analysis is used to identify pretreatment technologies and issues that warrant further research.

The efficacy of a particular satellite design cannot be guaranteed without first examining the problem of pervasiveness of damping. Two recent contributions in the field of motion stability analysis to the general problem of identifying whether a system i...

The objective was to identify and summarize evidence from controlled trials on the efficacy and tolerability of parenteral drug treatments for acute migraine headache. A literature review, which included the 1996 MEDLINE database, was conducted to identif...

The efficacy of soil vacuum extraction or air sparging and soil vacuum extraction for remediation of ground water contamination with MTBE was compared to remediation of contamination with benzene. There was no practical difference. Sites were identified that met the followin...

Methods for treating asthma using agonists of p38 are disclosed. Also provided are screening methods to identify test compounds which have efficacy for the treatment of asthma.

... When we performed this analysis, we identified 105 subjects in the HPV group and 95 subjects in the HAV group who developed CIN 2+ due to any HPV type. ...

Marek¿s disease virus (MDV) is an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus of chickens that induces lymphoid tumors in susceptible birds. This agronomically-important disease is controlled primarily through vaccines that prevent tumor formation but are non-sterilizing. Currently most efficacious vaccines consist ...

This study was both to identify the relevant factors associated with an operational decision and to investigate experimentally the efficacy of decision aids as a function of the level of computer support provided to the commander. An operational decision ...

Specimens for virus isolation will be collected in the community of Tecumseh to identify the appearance of influenza virus in this well-defined population. To study past history of seeding or the occurrence of influenza viruses other than the prevalent st...

This paper describes research on the use of multimedia delivery to improve learning. A literature review was conducted to gauge support for the belief that multimedia presentations influence learning and to identify criteria needed for a multimedia presen...

Several additional research efforts were identified during the development of test systems and protocols for assessing the effectiveness and environmental safety of oil spill commercial bioremediaton agents (CBAs). Research that examined CBA efficacy issu...

This report identifies and summarizes evidence from full reports of controlled trials published from 1966 to 1996 on the efficacy and tolerability of drug treatments for the prevention of migraine headache. The classes of drug treatments studied are: alph...

An impediment to the development of efficacious vaccines for bovine tuberculosis has been the failure to demonstrate strong associations between immune function and protective immunity. Cytokine gene expression in response to Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection was evaluated to identify correla...

Recent research has produced models that improve our ability to identify, describe and explain a diversity of knowledge-flow patterns that manifest themselves in various enterprises, which improves our efficacy in designing organizations and processes. Bu...

, IN Background Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has established efficacy for patients with systolic heart failure (HF). Treatment rates and factors associated with CRT utilization among eligible patients and practice characteristics identified predictors of CRT for eligible patients. Results A total of 1

As of February 29, 1980 33 months of active patient enrollment was concluded. There are a total of 96 mothers randomized into the study with 104 infants delivered. No complications have been identified that can be related particularly to the individuals w...

As of February 28, 1979, there has been 21 months of active patient enrollment. There are currently 62 mothers randomized into the study with 67 infants delivered. No complications have been identified as yet that can be related particularly the individua...

Non-pharmacological manipulations may be useful in identifying the behavioral mechanisms of drug action. We therefore compared the effect of nicotine with several manipulations of reinforcer efficacy on the repeated acquisition of response sequences in rats. Adult male Long-Eva...

This report identifies and summarizes evidence from controlled trials published from 1966 to 1996 on the efficacy of behavior and physical treatments for migraine headache. Thirty-nine trials of behavioral treatments were included in the report; 18 or the...

... SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number) FIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP (U) Hypertonic saline, Dextran-70 ...

A national survey of and telephone interviews with parents of children served by dual-certified vision education professionals was conducted to determine the parents' perspectives on the efficacy of this service delivery model for students with visual impairments. The study identified the parents' perceptions of the effectiveness of these educators.