21 CFR 1307.02 - Application of State law and other Federal law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Application of State law and other Federal law... MISCELLANEOUS General Information § 1307.02 Application of State law and other Federal law. Nothing in this... authorized or permitted to do under other Federal laws or obligations under international treaties...

21 CFR 1307.02 - Application of State law and other Federal law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Application of State law and other Federal law... MISCELLANEOUS General Information § 1307.02 Application of State law and other Federal law. Nothing in this... authorized or permitted to do under other Federal laws or obligations under international treaties...

Tax Law System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tsindeliani, Imeda A.

2016-01-01

The article deals with consideration of the actual theoretic problems of the subject and system of tax law in Russia. The theoretical approaches to determination of the nature of separate institutes of tax law are represented. The existence of pandect system intax law building as financial law sub-branch of Russia is substantiated. The goal of the…

Practical Law in Utah, Second Edition. Utah Supplement to Street Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Astin, Katherine, Ed.; And Others

This guide on law education is designed for high school students. Objectives are to give a fundamental understanding of Utah law in those areas that may be encountered personally, show how laws are made, and explain what to do if you become involved with the law. This volume is arranged in seven chapters. Topics include: (1) an introduction to…

A Law of Physics in the Classroom: The Case of Ohm's Law

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kipnis, Nahum

2009-01-01

Difficulties in learning Ohm's Law suggest a need to refocus it from the law for a part of the circuit to the law for the whole circuit. Such a revision may improve understanding of Ohm's Law and its practical applications. This suggestion comes from an analysis of the history of the law's discovery and its teaching. The historical materials this…

Space Security Law

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blount, P. J.

2017-06-01

Since the very beginning of the space age, security has been the critical, overriding concern at the heart of both international and domestic space law regimes. While these regimes certainly encompass broader interests, such as commercial uses of outer space, they are built on a legal foundation that is largely intended to regularize interactions among space actors to ensure security, safety, and sustainability in the space environment. Space security law, as a result, has central goals of both maintaining peace and providing security as a public good for the benefit of humankind. The idea of security is a technical and political construct. The law is a tool that is used to articulate that construct as concept and operationalize it as a value. As such, space security law is a network of law and regulation that governs a wide variety of space activities. There are four broad categories that typify the various manifestations of space security law: international peace and security; national security; human security; and space safety and sustainability. International peace and security, the first category, is directly concerned with the international law and norms that have been adopted to decrease the risk of conflict between states. National security, category two, consists of domestic law that implements, at the national level, the obligations found in the first category as well as law that promotes other national security goals. Human security, the third category, is the loose set of law and policy directed at the use of space for the protection of human populations, such as disaster response and planetary protection. Finally, the fourth category, space safety and security, represents the emerging body of law and policy that seeks to protect the space environment through measures that address space debris and harmful contamination. Obviously, these categories overlap and laws can serve duplicative purposes, but this compartmentalization reveals much about the legal

Therapeutic jurisprudence and outpatient commitment law: Kendra's Law and case study.

PubMed

Perlin, Michael L

2003-01-01

This article considers the implications of assisted outpatient commitment laws (OPC), with specific focus on New York's "Kendra's Law" through the lens of therapeutic jurisprudence (TJ). In this article, the author offers perspectives on the relationship between involuntary civil commitment, outpatient commitment, and the concept of the "least restrictive alternative"; considers pertinent empirical research, and looks at OPC's controversial relationship to forced drugging. Here, the civil libertarian critique is briefly considered, as well as the MacArthur Research Network research. Finally, the author looks closely at Kendra's Law, providing a brief overview of the law itself, and identifying some "pressure points" and pivotal issues, and considers the TJ implications of Kendra's Law, to determine how it "fits" into the public's "take" on all of mental disability law.

Demonstrating the Gas Laws.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holko, David A.

1982-01-01

Presents a complete computer program demonstrating the relationship between volume/pressure for Boyle's Law, volume/temperature for Charles' Law, and volume/moles of gas for Avagadro's Law. The programing reinforces students' application of gas laws and equates a simulated moving piston to theoretical values derived using the ideal gas law.…

Fresnel's laws, ceteris paribus.

PubMed

Wright, Aaron Sidney

2017-08-01

This article is about structural realism, historical continuity, laws of nature, and ceteris paribus clauses. Fresnel's Laws of optics support Structural Realism because they are a scientific structure that has survived theory change. However, the history of Fresnel's Laws which has been depicted in debates over realism since the 1980s is badly distorted. Specifically, claims that J. C. Maxwell or his followers believed in an ontologically-subsistent electromagnetic field, and gave up the aether, before Einstein's annus mirabilis in 1905 are indefensible. Related claims that Maxwell himself did not believe in a luminiferous aether are also indefensible. This paper corrects the record. In order to trace Fresnel's Laws across significant ontological changes, they must be followed past Einstein into modern physics and nonlinear optics. I develop the philosophical implications of a more accurate history, and analyze Fresnel's Laws' historical trajectory in terms of dynamic ceteris paribus clauses. Structuralists have not embraced ceteris paribus laws, but they continue to point to Fresnel's Laws to resist anti-realist arguments from theory change. Fresnel's Laws fit the standard definition of a ceteris paribus law as a law applicable only in particular circumstances. Realists who appeal to the historical continuity of Fresnel's Laws to combat anti-realists must incorporate ceteris paribus laws into their metaphysics. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Customary law row looming.

PubMed

Khumalo, B

1993-11-01

Married women under customary law in South Africa are perpetual minors; customary law marriages are not of equal status to civil law marriages; women are denied inheritance access to land and property and excluded from decision making in their homes and communities; and Muslim women do not have equal rights under Muslim personal law. As political and civil reforms loom on the horizon in South Africa, however, calls are being made for customary law to be included under the scrutiny of the Bill of Rights. Women under customary law would therefore be protected under an uniform Bill of Rights. Members of the Congress of Traditional Leaders are staunchly opposed to such a move. They argue instead that women under customary law should not be protected in the Bill of Rights. Customary law will therefore be insulated from legislative reform. This paper briefly presents segments of the ongoing debate between law academics, women's pressure groups, and religious and cultural bodies on the issue.

The Pattern of Indoor Smoking Restriction Law Transitions, 1970–2009: Laws Are Sticky

PubMed Central

Sanders-Jackson, Ashley; Gonzalez, Mariaelena; Zerbe, Brandon; Song, Anna V.

2013-01-01

Objectives. We examined the pattern of the passage of smoking laws across venues (government and private workplaces, restaurants, bars) and by strength (no law to 100% smoke-free). Methods. We conducted transition analyses of local and state smoking restrictions passed between 1970 and 2009, with data from the Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights Ordinance Database. Results. Each decade, more laws were enacted, from 18 passed in the 1970s to 3172 in the first decade of this century, when 91% of existing state laws were passed. Most laws passed took states and localities from no law to some level of smoking restriction, and most new local (77%; 5148/6648) and state (73%; 115/158) laws passed in the study period did not change strength. Conclusions. Because these laws are “sticky”—once a law has passed, strength of the law and venues covered do not change often—policymakers and advocates should focus on passing strong laws the first time, rather than settling for less comprehensive laws with the hope of improving them in the future. PMID:23763408

Bijuralism in Law's Empire and in Law's Cosmos.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kasirer, Nicholas

2002-01-01

Using the example of McGill University's bijural program, explores how teaching the common and civil law traditions together provides an opportunity to teach in law's "cosmos" rather than its "empire," so that a bijural legal education can plainly and confidently ally itself with the great university tradition of prizing…

Power Laws are Disguised Boltzmann Laws

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Richmond, Peter; Solomon, Sorin

Using a previously introduced model on generalized Lotka-Volterra dynamics together with some recent results for the solution of generalized Langevin equations, we derive analytically the equilibrium mean field solution for the probability distribution of wealth and show that it has two characteristic regimes. For large values of wealth, it takes the form of a Pareto style power law. For small values of wealth, w<=wm, the distribution function tends sharply to zero. The origin of this law lies in the random multiplicative process built into the model. Whilst such results have been known since the time of Gibrat, the present framework allows for a stable power law in an arbitrary and irregular global dynamics, so long as the market is ``fair'', i.e., there is no net advantage to any particular group or individual. We further show that the dynamics of relative wealth is independent of the specific nature of the agent interactions and exhibits a universal character even though the total wealth may follow an arbitrary and complicated dynamics. In developing the theory, we draw parallels with conventional thermodynamics and derive for the system some new relations for the ``thermodynamics'' associated with the Generalized Lotka-Volterra type of stochastic dynamics. The power law that arises in the distribution function is identified with new additional logarithmic terms in the familiar Boltzmann distribution function for the system. These are a direct consequence of the multiplicative stochastic dynamics and are absent for the usual additive stochastic processes.

School of Law

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olsen, Ken

2005-01-01

This article explains how Street Law helps teachers to defuse tensions between students and police through a combination of education, empathy, and expertise. Street Law was born at Georgetown in 1972. Every year, it sends two dozen law students like Courtney Donovan into Washington, D.C., high schools to help teach the year long course. Street…

Everyday Law for Children. The Everyday Law Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herring, David J.

2006-01-01

This book provides an accessible introduction to laws that affect children and families, and the dominant public debates that surround and drive these laws. Using real-world examples, the book exposes the tension between reliance on the private, autonomous family and the public's desire to secure child wellbeing. A look at some public systems,…

Teaching Human Rights Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berman, Howard R.

1985-01-01

The international community has developed a system of human rights law relevant to many areas of legal encounter, which American law schools have been slow to incorporate into curricula. Teaching human rights law provides an opportunity for law schools to enrich the learning process and contribute creatively to the respect for rights in society.…

Dentistry and criminal law.

PubMed

Khoury, B S; Khoury, J N

2017-09-01

Criminal law in dentistry, as shaped and moulded by the prevailing views of society, defines what is or is not socially acceptable. It applies in both personal and professional contexts with the intended consequence of protecting the public from unacceptable conduct and potential imbalances of power. At its centre, a patient's consent plays a pivotal role in transforming unlawful conduct into lawful conduct. This literature review considers the current law and the trend of utilizing criminal law in addition to non-criminal law alternatives of reprimanding clinicians for failure to achieve consent in the course of dental practice. Dentists must appreciate this change and the prosecuting authority's increasing willingness to resort to criminal law. © 2017 Australian Dental Association.

The Gauss and Ampere Laws: Different Laws but Similar Difficulties for Student Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guisasola, Jenaro; Almudi, Jose M.; Salinas, Julia; Zuza, Kristina; Ceberio, Mikel

2008-01-01

This study aims to analyse university students' reasoning regarding two laws of electromagnetism: Gauss's law and Ampere's law. It has been supposed that the problems seen in understanding and applying both laws do not spring from students' misconceptions. Students habitually use reasoning known in the literature as 'common sense' methodology that…

belt law

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-03-01

A 2003 study estimated that if all States had primary seat belt laws from 1995 to 2002, over 12,000 lives would have been saved. Failure to implement a primary seat belt law creates a real cost to a States budget for Medicaid and other State medic...

Psychophysical Laws and the Superorganism.

PubMed

Reina, Andreagiovanni; Bose, Thomas; Trianni, Vito; Marshall, James A R

2018-03-12

Through theoretical analysis, we show how a superorganism may react to stimulus variations according to psychophysical laws observed in humans and other animals. We investigate an empirically-motivated honeybee house-hunting model, which describes a value-sensitive decision process over potential nest-sites, at the level of the colony. In this study, we show how colony decision time increases with the number of available nests, in agreement with the Hick-Hyman law of psychophysics, and decreases with mean nest quality, in agreement with Piéron's law. We also show that colony error rate depends on mean nest quality, and difference in quality, in agreement with Weber's law. Psychophysical laws, particularly Weber's law, have been found in diverse species, including unicellular organisms. Our theoretical results predict that superorganisms may also exhibit such behaviour, suggesting that these laws arise from fundamental mechanisms of information processing and decision-making. Finally, we propose a combined psychophysical law which unifies Hick-Hyman's law and Piéron's law, traditionally studied independently; this unified law makes predictions that can be empirically tested.

Law 20-30: Teacher Resource Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

King, John; Jackson, Landis

Law 20, in the Alberta (Canada) educational system, is an introductory course with three core modules: (1) "Nature of Law and Civil Law System," (2) "Contract Law," and (3) "Family Law." Law 30 consists of (1) "Basic Rights and Responsibilities," (2) "Labour Law," and (3) "Property Law."…

Chemical Laws, Idealization and Approximation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tobin, Emma

2013-07-01

This paper examines the notion of laws in chemistry. Vihalemm ( Found Chem 5(1):7-22, 2003) argues that the laws of chemistry are fundamentally the same as the laws of physics they are all ceteris paribus laws which are true "in ideal conditions". In contrast, Scerri (2000) contends that the laws of chemistry are fundamentally different to the laws of physics, because they involve approximations. Christie ( Stud Hist Philos Sci 25:613-629, 1994) and Christie and Christie ( Of minds and molecules. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 34-50, 2000) agree that the laws of chemistry are operationally different to the laws of physics, but claim that the distinction between exact and approximate laws is too simplistic to taxonomise them. Approximations in chemistry involve diverse kinds of activity and often what counts as a scientific law in chemistry is dictated by the context of its use in scientific practice. This paper addresses the question of what makes chemical laws distinctive independently of the separate question as to how they are related to the laws of physics. From an analysis of some candidate ceteris paribus laws in chemistry, this paper argues that there are two distinct kinds of ceteris paribus laws in chemistry; idealized and approximate chemical laws. Thus, while Christie ( Stud Hist Philos Sci 25:613-629, 1994) and Christie and Christie ( Of minds and molecules. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 34--50, 2000) are correct to point out that the candidate generalisations in chemistry are diverse and heterogeneous, a distinction between idealizations and approximations can nevertheless be used to successfully taxonomise them.

Library Laws Handbook: State Laws Relating to Michigan Libraries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michigan Library, Lansing.

This document presents excerpts and copies of state laws relating to Michigan libraries. The following are included: the Preamble of the Constitution of Michigan of 1963; Legislative Council Act (excerpt); Incompatible Public Offices; Freedom of Information Act; Open Meetings Act; Laws, Documents, and Reports (excerpts); Administrative Procedures…

Making the Case for Laws That Improve Health: A Framework for Public Health Law Research

PubMed Central

Burris, Scott; Wagenaar, Alexander C; Swanson, Jeffrey; Ibrahim, Jennifer K; Wood, Jennifer; Mello, Michelle M

2010-01-01

Context: Public health law has received considerable attention in recent years and has become an essential field in public health. Public health law research, however, has received less attention. Methods: Expert commentary. Findings: This article explores public health law research, defined as the scientific study of the relation of law and legal practices to population health. The article offers a logic model of public health law research and a typology of approaches to studying the effects of law on public health. Research on the content and prevalence of public health laws, processes of adopting and implementing laws, and the extent to which and mechanisms through which law affects health outcomes can use methods drawn from epidemiology, economics, sociology, and other disciplines. The maturation of public health law research as a field depends on methodological rigor, adequate research funding, access to appropriate data sources, and policymakers’ use of research findings. Conclusions: Public health law research is a young field but holds great promise for supporting evidence-based policymaking that will improve population health. PMID:20579282

Chemical Laws, Idealization and Approximation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tobin, Emma

2013-01-01

This paper examines the notion of laws in chemistry. Vihalemm ("Found Chem" 5(1):7-22, 2003) argues that the laws of chemistry are fundamentally the same as the laws of physics they are all "ceteris paribus" laws which are true "in ideal conditions". In contrast, Scerri (2000) contends that the laws of chemistry are…

[Teaching about Law and Literature].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ryan, John Paul, Ed.

1993-01-01

This issue of "Focus on Law Studies" contains a special emphasis on teaching about law and literature, in the form of the following six articles: "Law and Literature: New Combinations in Teaching" (John Paul Ryan); "Teaching Law and American Literature" (Janet Eldred); "Teaching Law with Sacco, Vanzetti, and the Rosenbergs" (Susan N. Herman); Ann…

Australian tort law reform: statutory principles of causation and the common law.

PubMed

Mendelson, Danuta

2004-05-01

By mid-2004, Parliaments in each Australian jurisdiction will either complete or will be in the process of partial codification of the law of torts. The reforms, including those to the law of negligence, are extensive. This article focuses on codification of the law of causation as an element of the cause of action in negligence. It examines the background to "tort reform", as the process has been labelled, and discusses the common law paradigm of negligence and various approaches to causation. It then analyses and compares the causation provisions in each jurisdiction.

State medical marijuana laws: understanding the laws and their limitations.

PubMed

Pacula, Rosalie Liccardo; Chriqui, Jamie F; Reichmann, Deborah A; Terry-McElrath, Yvonne M

2002-01-01

Significant attention has been given to the debate regarding allowances for medical marijuana use since the 1996 California and Arizona ballot initiatives. State medical marijuana allowances, however, have existed since the mid-1970s. Much of the current debate stems from confusion about the various ways states approach the issue. In this paper, we present original legal research on current state medical marijuana laws identifying four different ways states statutorily enable the medical use of marijuana. We discuss the tension these approaches have with federal law as well as their implications regarding real access for patients. In addition, we present information on how a small number of states are trying to deal with the issue of access within the context of their medical marijuana laws, and discuss the implication of various supply approaches on the enforcement of other state marijuana laws.

Educational Opportunities in "Law and Medicine" in Law Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hirsh, Harold L.

1975-01-01

Noting the rapid expansion of forensic or legal medicine the author reports a survey conducted to determine the medical-legal education opportunities in American law schools. Findings showed that in 73 percent of the schools courses in law and medicine or forensic psychiatry are offered but many are limited in scope. (JT)

The Golden Arches Meet the Hallowed Halls: Franchise Law and the Law School Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, Danaya

1995-01-01

A law school course in franchise law focuses on how various legal issues and categories interact within the context of the narrowly defined business relationship of a franchise. Four major topics included federal and state disclosure regulations, trademarks and service marks, common law contract issues, and antitrust law. Class exercises included…

Law 302.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manitoba Dept. of Education, Winnipeg.

This publication outlines a law course intended as part of a business education program in the secondary schools of Manitoba, Canada. The one credit course of study should be taught over a period of 110-120 hours of instruction. It provides students with an introduction to the principles, practices, and consequences of law with regard to torts,…

25 CFR 12.22 - Can Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement officers enforce tribal laws?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Can Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement officers enforce tribal laws? 12.22 Section 12.22 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Authority and Jurisdiction § 12.22 Can Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement officers enforce tribal...

12 CFR 157.11 - To what extent does Federal law preempt deposit-related state laws?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false To what extent does Federal law preempt deposit-related state laws? 157.11 Section 157.11 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DEPOSITS § 157.11 To what extent does Federal law preempt deposit-related state laws? State law...

12 CFR 157.11 - To what extent does Federal law preempt deposit-related state laws?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false To what extent does Federal law preempt deposit-related state laws? 157.11 Section 157.11 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DEPOSITS § 157.11 To what extent does Federal law preempt deposit-related state laws? State law...

12 CFR 157.11 - To what extent does Federal law preempt deposit-related state laws?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false To what extent does Federal law preempt deposit-related state laws? 157.11 Section 157.11 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DEPOSITS § 157.11 To what extent does Federal law preempt deposit-related state laws? State law...

Best interests: what problems in family law should health care law avoid?

PubMed

Holm, Søren

2008-09-01

This article comments briefly on three specific issues in Shazia Choudhry's paper "'Best Interests' What can healthcare law learn from family law?" The three issues are: (1) the implications of 'best interests' and 'welfare science' for women within the family law and the health care law context, (2) the risk of capture by the 'welfare science' industry, and (3) the proposal that a committee of medical experts and medical ethicists should be set up to provide reports to the Court of Protection on cases brought under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA). I argue that the risk of capture by 'welfare science' is equally large in health care law and that a committee of the kind envisaged by Choudhry is unlikely to contribute significantly to conflict resolution under the MCA.

Teaching Comparative Law in the 21st Century: Beyond the Civil/Common Law Dichotomy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waxman, Michael P.

2001-01-01

Asserts that the inexorable shift to transnational and global legal practice demands a comparable shift in methods of teaching comparative law to move it beyond its current American common law/European civil law myopia. Proposes an introductory course, Law in Comparative Cultures, which exposes students to a panoply of international legal systems.…

Power-law versus log-law in wall-bounded turbulence: A large-eddy simulation perspective

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, W.; Samtaney, R.

2014-01-01

The debate whether the mean streamwise velocity in wall-bounded turbulent flows obeys a log-law or a power-law scaling originated over two decades ago, and continues to ferment in recent years. As experiments and direct numerical simulation can not provide sufficient clues, in this study we present an insight into this debate from a large-eddy simulation (LES) viewpoint. The LES organically combines state-of-the-art models (the stretched-vortex model and inflow rescaling method) with a virtual-wall model derived under different scaling law assumptions (the log-law or the power-law by George and Castillo ["Zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer," Appl. Mech. Rev. 50, 689 (1997)]). Comparison of LES results for Reθ ranging from 105 to 1011 for zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer flows are carried out for the mean streamwise velocity, its gradient and its scaled gradient. Our results provide strong evidence that for both sets of modeling assumption (log law or power law), the turbulence gravitates naturally towards the log-law scaling at extremely large Reynolds numbers.

Administrative Law Judges

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Administrative Law Judges conduct hearings and render decisions in proceedings between the EPA and persons, businesses, government entities, and other organizations which are or are alleged to be regulated under environmental laws.

Civil Law Glossary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Update on Law-Related Education, 1997

1997-01-01

Presents a glossary of civil law terms originally compiled for journalists by the American Bar Association. Defines many essential civil law concepts and practices including compensatory damages, jurisdiction, motion to dismiss, discovery, and remedy. (MJP)

The trespasses of property law.

PubMed

Wall, Jesse

2014-01-01

The purpose of this article is to identify a limit to the appropriate application of property law to the use and storage of bodily material. I argue here that property law ought to be limited to protecting 'contingent rights' and that recent cases where property rights have been recognised in semen represent the application of property law beyond this limit. I also suggest how the law ought to develop in order to avoid the overextensive use of property law.

43 CFR 2650.3 - Lawful entries, lawful settlements, and mining claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Lawful entries, lawful settlements, and mining claims. 2650.3 Section 2650.3 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands... mining claims. ...

Evaluation of Iowa's anti-bullying law.

PubMed

Ramirez, Marizen; Ten Eyck, Patrick; Peek-Asa, Corinne; Onwuachi-Willig, Angela; Cavanaugh, Joseph E

Bullying is the most common form of youth aggression. Although 49 of all 50 states in the U.S. have an anti-bullying law in place to prevent bullying, little is known about the effectiveness of these laws. Our objective was to measure the effectiveness of Iowa's anti-bullying law in preventing bullying and improving teacher response to bullying. Sixth, 8th, and 11th grade children who completed the 2005, 2008 and 2010 Iowa Youth Survey were included in this study ( n  = 253,000). Students were coded according to exposure to the law: pre-law for 2005 survey data, one year post-law for 2008 data, and three years post-law for 2010 data. The outcome variables were: 1) being bullied (relational, verbal, physical, and cyber) in the last month and 2) extent to which teachers/adults on campus intervened with bullying. Generalized linear mixed models were constructed with random effects. The odds of being bullied increased from pre-law to one year post-law periods, and then decreased from one year to three years post-law but not below 2005 pre-law levels. This pattern was consistent across all bullying types except cyberbullying. The odds of teacher intervention decreased 11 % (OR = 0.89, 95 % CL = 0.88, 0.90) from 2005 (pre-law) to 2010 (post-law). Bullying increased immediately after Iowa's anti-bullying law was passed, possibly due to improved reporting. Reductions in bullying occurred as the law matured. Teacher response did not improve after the passage of the law.

Evaluation of Iowa's anti-bullying law.

PubMed

Ramirez, Marizen; Ten Eyck, Patrick; Peek-Asa, Corinne; Onwuachi-Willig, Angela; Cavanaugh, Joseph E

2016-12-01

Bullying is the most common form of youth aggression. Although 49 of all 50 states in the U.S. have an anti-bullying law in place to prevent bullying, little is known about the effectiveness of these laws. Our objective was to measure the effectiveness of Iowa's anti-bullying law in preventing bullying and improving teacher response to bullying. Sixth, 8th, and 11th grade children who completed the 2005, 2008 and 2010 Iowa Youth Survey were included in this study (n = 253,000). Students were coded according to exposure to the law: pre-law for 2005 survey data, one year post-law for 2008 data, and three years post-law for 2010 data. The outcome variables were: 1) being bullied (relational, verbal, physical, and cyber) in the last month and 2) extent to which teachers/adults on campus intervened with bullying. Generalized linear mixed models were constructed with random effects. The odds of being bullied increased from pre-law to one year post-law periods, and then decreased from one year to three years post-law but not below 2005 pre-law levels. This pattern was consistent across all bullying types except cyberbullying. The odds of teacher intervention decreased 11 % (OR = 0.89, 95 % CL = 0.88, 0.90) from 2005 (pre-law) to 2010 (post-law). Bullying increased immediately after Iowa's anti-bullying law was passed, possibly due to improved reporting. Reductions in bullying occurred as the law matured. Teacher response did not improve after the passage of the law.

The Law and Health Personnel; A Study of Minnesota Law Related to Selected Health Manpower Categories.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Rehabilitation Foundation, Minneapolis, Minn. Inst. for Interdisciplinary Studies.

This report surveys Minnesota laws relating to the use of health manpower. It presents a summary of Minnesota licensure laws as they apply to categories of health personnel and paramedical personnel currently unrecognized by the law. An analysis is also made of malpractice decisional law to examine whether such laws prohibit or inhibit optimal…

The Laws Are Yours.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lawyers' Wives of Wisconsin, Racine.

The pamphlet briefly describes various facets of the law and legal system in Wisconsin, and defines many legal terms. The objective is to further public understanding of the law and of the legal profession, particularly in Wisconsin. No attempt is made to answer specific legal questions. Sections cover civil and criminal law; the federal court…

Law Panel in action.

PubMed

Odulana, J

In September 1976 the Africa Regional Council (ARC) of IPPF created a Law Panel to 1) advise the ARC on the emphasis of laws and parenthood programs in the region, 2) investigate legal obstacles to family planning and ways of removing them, 3) institute a monitoring service on laws and court decisions affecting planned parenthood, and 4) prepare a list of lawyers and legal reformers by country. The panel has 1) recommended adoption of an IPPF Central Medical Committee and Central Law Panel statement on sterilization, adolescent fertility control, and the use of medical and auxiliary personnel in family planning services with guidelines for Africa; 2) appointed National Legal Correspondents to carry on the monitoring service mentioned above in 18 countries; and 3) discussed solutions to problems in delivering family planning services with family planning associations in Tanzania, Zambia, Mauritius, Madagascar, and Kenya. Laws governing family planning education and services, marriage, divorce, and maternity benefits in these countries are summarized. In 1978 the panel will hold 2 workshops on law and the status of women.

Elder law and Alzheimer's disease.

PubMed

Overman, W H; McCormick, W A

1998-04-27

The elder-law practice focuses on the particular needs of older individuals and their families. Thus, elder law is truly "family" law because the needs of older clients are inextricably interwoven with the needs of their families. This is particularly true for the client who is chronically ill or has some form of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease. Elder-law attorneys may now be certified to identify to the public those lawyers who demonstrate enhanced knowledge, skills, experience, and proficiency in elder law. Elder law draws from many substantive areas, such as trust, real property, agency, health care, tax, guardianship, will and probate, Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid law. Together, the client and family are educated on legal options and are assisted in making decisions, formalized through legal documentation. The emphasis is on advance planning. Among legal practitioners, elder-law attorneys understand most clearly that the client's needs must be understood in the context of cultural and family dynamics, and addressed through a team approach involving other professions.

Zipf law: an extreme perspective

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eliazar, Iddo

2016-04-01

Extreme value theory (EVT) asserts that the Fréchet law emerges universally from linearly scaled maxima of collections of independent and identically distributed random variables that are positive-valued. Observations of many real-world sizes, e.g. city-sizes, give rise to the Zipf law: if we rank the sizes decreasingly, and plot the log-sizes versus the log-ranks, then an affine line emerges. In this paper we present an EVT approach to the Zipf law. Specifically, we establish that whenever the Fréchet law emerges from the EVT setting, then the Zipf law follows. The EVT generation of the Zipf law, its universality, and its associated phase transition, are analyzed and described in detail.

On Teaching Natural Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forte, David F.

1978-01-01

A brief look at Columbia, Harvard, and Notre Dame law schools shows that the American tradition in teaching natural law has not been strong. The value of teaching natural law is discussed, a separate course or seminar is seen as the most effective option, and a selection of available sources for such a course is appended. (JMD)

25 CFR 12.22 - Can Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement officers enforce tribal laws?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Can Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement officers enforce tribal laws? 12.22 Section 12.22 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Authority and Jurisdiction § 12.22 Can Bureau of Indian...

25 CFR 12.22 - Can Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement officers enforce tribal laws?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Can Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement officers enforce tribal laws? 12.22 Section 12.22 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Authority and Jurisdiction § 12.22 Can Bureau of Indian...

25 CFR 12.22 - Can Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement officers enforce tribal laws?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Can Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement officers enforce tribal laws? 12.22 Section 12.22 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Authority and Jurisdiction § 12.22 Can Bureau of Indian...

25 CFR 12.22 - Can Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement officers enforce tribal laws?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Can Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement officers enforce tribal laws? 12.22 Section 12.22 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Authority and Jurisdiction § 12.22 Can Bureau of Indian...

The mathematical relationship between Zipf’s law and the hierarchical scaling law

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yanguang

2012-06-01

The empirical studies of city-size distribution show that Zipf's law and the hierarchical scaling law are linked in many ways. The rank-size scaling and hierarchical scaling seem to be two different sides of the same coin, but their relationship has never been revealed by strict mathematical proof. In this paper, the Zipf's distribution of cities is abstracted as a q-sequence. Based on this sequence, a self-similar hierarchy consisting of many levels is defined and the numbers of cities in different levels form a geometric sequence. An exponential distribution of the average size of cities is derived from the hierarchy. Thus we have two exponential functions, from which follows a hierarchical scaling equation. The results can be statistically verified by simple mathematical experiments and observational data of cities. A theoretical foundation is then laid for the conversion from Zipf's law to the hierarchical scaling law, and the latter can show more information about city development than the former. Moreover, the self-similar hierarchy provides a new perspective for studying networks of cities as complex systems. A series of mathematical rules applied to cities such as the allometric growth law, the 2n principle and Pareto's law can be associated with one another by the hierarchical organization.

Experimental Verification of Boyle's Law and the Ideal Gas Law

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ivanov, Dragia Trifonov

2007-01-01

Two new experiments are offered concerning the experimental verification of Boyle's law and the ideal gas law. To carry out the experiments, glass tubes, water, a syringe and a metal manometer are used. The pressure of the saturated water vapour is taken into consideration. For educational purposes, the experiments are characterized by their…

Simulating the Law: Experiential "Teachniques" in the Modern Law Curricula

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daly, Yvonne; Higgins, Noelle

2010-01-01

The concept of arguing aspects of legal scenarios in order to facilitate student learning within the law curriculum originated in the vocational Inns of Court in fourteenth-century England. Nowadays, simulations of court proceedings, such as moot courts and mock trials, are widely employed as educational tools in law modules in third-level…

12 CFR 557.11 - To what extent does Federal law preempt deposit-related State laws?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2013-01-01 2012-01-01 true To what extent does Federal law preempt deposit... Federal law preempt deposit-related State laws? (a) Under sections 4(a), 5(a), and 5(b) of the HOLA, 12 U... laws affecting the operations of federal savings associations when appropriate to: (1) Facilitate the...

12 CFR 557.11 - To what extent does Federal law preempt deposit-related State laws?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2014-01-01 2012-01-01 true To what extent does Federal law preempt deposit... Federal law preempt deposit-related State laws? (a) Under sections 4(a), 5(a), and 5(b) of the HOLA, 12 U... laws affecting the operations of federal savings associations when appropriate to: (1) Facilitate the...

12 CFR 557.11 - To what extent does Federal law preempt deposit-related State laws?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false To what extent does Federal law preempt deposit... Federal law preempt deposit-related State laws? (a) Under sections 4(a), 5(a), and 5(b) of the HOLA, 12 U... laws affecting the operations of federal savings associations when appropriate to: (1) Facilitate the...

12 CFR 557.11 - To what extent does Federal law preempt deposit-related State laws?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false To what extent does Federal law preempt deposit... Federal law preempt deposit-related State laws? (a) Under sections 4(a), 5(a), and 5(b) of the HOLA, 12 U... laws affecting the operations of federal savings associations when appropriate to: (1) Facilitate the...

12 CFR 557.11 - To what extent does Federal law preempt deposit-related State laws?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false To what extent does Federal law preempt deposit... Federal law preempt deposit-related State laws? (a) Under sections 4(a), 5(a), and 5(b) of the HOLA, 12 U... laws affecting the operations of federal savings associations when appropriate to: (1) Facilitate the...

Law & psychiatry: Gun laws and mental illness: how sensible are the current restrictions?

PubMed

Appelbaum, Paul S; Swanson, Jeffrey W

2010-07-01

This column describes federal and state laws to restrict access to firearms among people with mental illness. The contribution to public safety of these laws is likely to be small because only 3%-5% of violent acts are attributable to serious mental illness, and most do not involve guns. The categories of persons with mental illnesses targeted by the laws may not be at higher risk of violence than other subgroups in this population. The laws may deter people from seeking treatment for fear of losing the right to possess firearms and may reinforce stereotypes of persons with mental illnesses as dangerous.

Public Health Law Reform

PubMed Central

Gostin, Lawrence O.

2001-01-01

Public health law reform is necessary because existing statutes are outdated, contain multiple layers of regulation, and are inconsistent. A model law would define the mission and functions of public health agencies, provide a full range of flexible powers, specify clear criteria and procedures for activities, and provide protections for privacy and against discrimination. The law reform process provides an opportunity for public health agencies to draw attention to their resource needs and achievements and to form ties with constituency groups and enduring relations with the legislative branch of government. Ultimately, the law should become a catalyst, rather than an impediment, to reinvigorating the public health system. PMID:11527757

Public health law reform.

PubMed

Gostin, L O

2001-09-01

Public health law reform is necessary because existing statutes are outdated, contain multiple layers of regulation, and are inconsistent. A model law would define the mission and functions of public health agen cies, provide a full range of flexible powers, specify clear criteria and procedures for activities, and provide protections for privacy and against discrimination. The law reform process provides an opportunity for public health agencies to draw attention to their resource needs and achievements and to form ties with constituency groups and enduring relations with the legislative branch of government. Ultimately, the law should become a catalyst, rather than an impediment, to reinvigorating the public health system.

38 CFR 21.4274 - Law courses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Law courses. 21.4274... Pursuit of Courses § 21.4274 Law courses. (a) Accredited. A law course in an accredited law school leading to a standard professional law degree will be assessed as provided in § 21.4273(a). (b) Nonaccredited...

38 CFR 21.4274 - Law courses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Law courses. 21.4274... Pursuit of Courses § 21.4274 Law courses. (a) Accredited. A law course in an accredited law school leading to a standard professional law degree will be assessed as provided in § 21.4273(a). (b) Nonaccredited...

38 CFR 21.4274 - Law courses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Law courses. 21.4274... Pursuit of Courses § 21.4274 Law courses. (a) Accredited. A law course in an accredited law school leading to a standard professional law degree will be assessed as provided in § 21.4273(a). (b) Nonaccredited...

38 CFR 21.4274 - Law courses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Law courses. 21.4274... Pursuit of Courses § 21.4274 Law courses. (a) Accredited. A law course in an accredited law school leading to a standard professional law degree will be assessed as provided in § 21.4273(a). (b) Nonaccredited...

38 CFR 21.4274 - Law courses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Law courses. 21.4274... Pursuit of Courses § 21.4274 Law courses. (a) Accredited. A law course in an accredited law school leading to a standard professional law degree will be assessed as provided in § 21.4273(a). (b) Nonaccredited...

Law-Related Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Magnon, Tony

1981-01-01

Since its beginnings in the 1960s, precollegiate law-related education has proliferated. This author looks at suggested causes for this movement and at some of the results supporters of law-related education hope to accomplish. He examines program commonalities and problems and speculates on the future. (Author/SJL)

Army Medicine and the Law

DTIC Science & Technology

1964-01-01

D. Blood Alcohol Tests and Drunken Drivers E. Hypnosis in the Law F. Lie-Detectors Can Lie! G, Forensic Pathology and the Law H. The Medicolegal...The Federal Tort Claims Act, copyright, 1963. b. Consent to Medical Procedures, copyright 1963. c. Hypnosis in the Law, copyright 1964. d. Blood...Tort Claims Act, copyright 1963. b. Forensic Pathology and the Law, copyright 1964. c. Some Legal Aspects of Military Preventive Medicine, copyright

Simple solutions for relativistic generalizations of the Child-Langmuir law and the Langmuir-Blodgett law

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang Yongpeng; Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, P.O. Box 69-13, Xi'an 710024; Liu Guozhi

In this paper, the Child-Langmuir law and Langmuir-Blodgett law are generalized to the relativistic regime by a simple method. Two classical laws suitable for the nonrelativistic regime are modified to simple approximate expressions applicable for calculating the space-charge-limited currents of one-dimensional steady-state planar diodes and coaxial diodes under the relativistic regime. The simple approximate expressions, extending the Child-Langmuir law and Langmuir-Blodgett law to fit the full range of voltage, have small relative errors less than 1% for one-dimensional planar diodes and less than 5% for coaxial diodes.

Library Laws Handbook: State Laws Relating to Michigan Libraries. [Revised Edition].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michigan Library, Lansing.

This document presents excerpts and copies of state laws relating to Michigan libraries. The following are included: Preamble of the Constitution of Michigan of 1963; Legislative Council Act (excerpt); Incompatible Public Offices; Freedom of Information Act; Open Meetings Act; Laws, Documents, and Reports (excerpts); Administrative Procedures Act…

Fiscal Law Course Deskbook (36th)

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-05-01

CONTRACT LAW DIVISION THE JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL’S SCHOOL UNITED STATES ARMY CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA JA 506...MAY 93 93-13173 CONTRIBUTORS I LTC John T. Jones, Jr. Chief, Contract Law Division LTC Harry L. Dorsey Senior Instructor, Contract Law Division MAJ...Michael A. Killham Instructor, Contract Law Division MAJ Bobby D. Melvin Instructor, Contract Law Division MAJ Michael K. Cameron Instructor, Contract

Relativistic covariance of Ohm's law

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Starke, R.; Schober, G. A. H.

2016-04-01

The derivation of Lorentz-covariant generalizations of Ohm's law has been a long-term issue in theoretical physics with deep implications for the study of relativistic effects in optical and atomic physics. In this article, we propose an alternative route to this problem, which is motivated by the tremendous progress in first-principles materials physics in general and ab initio electronic structure theory in particular. We start from the most general, Lorentz-covariant first-order response law, which is written in terms of the fundamental response tensor χμ ν relating induced four-currents to external four-potentials. By showing the equivalence of this description to Ohm's law, we prove the validity of Ohm's law in every inertial frame. We further use the universal relation between χμ ν and the microscopic conductivity tensor σkℓ to derive a fully relativistic transformation law for the latter, which includes all effects of anisotropy and relativistic retardation. In the special case of a constant, scalar conductivity, this transformation law can be used to rederive a standard textbook generalization of Ohm's law.

International Satellite Law

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

von der Dunk, Frans

2017-07-01

International space law is generally considered to be a branch of public international law. In that sense, it constitutes a "subset of rules, rights and obligations of states within the latter specifically related to outer space and activities in or with respect to that realm." Dealing with an inherently international realm, much of it had been developed in the context of the United Nations, where the key treaties are even adhered to by all major space-faring countries. In addition, other sources—including not only customary international law but also such disputed concepts as "soft law" and political guidelines and recommendations—also contributed to the development of a general framework legal regime for all of mankind's endeavors in or with respect to outer space. Originally, this predominantly included scientific and military/security-related activities, but with the ongoing development of technology and a more practical orientation, it increasingly came to encompass many more civilian and, ultimately, even commercial activities, largely through downstream applications originating from or depending on space technology and space activities. Important here are the overarching, usually more theoretical aspects of international space law, which include how it was developed or continues to be developed, what special roles do "soft law" or the military aspects of space activities play in this regard, and how do national space laws (also) serve as a tool for interpretation of international space law. Also important is the special category of launches and other space operations in the sense of moving space objects safely into, through and—if applicable—back from outer space. Without such operations, space activities would be impossible, yet they bring with them special concerns; for instance, in terms of liability, the creation of space debris and even the legal status and possible commercialization of natural resources produced from celestial bodies. Finally

Doctors, apologies, and the law: an analysis and critique of apology laws.

PubMed

Wei, Marlynn

2007-01-01

This Article analyzes and critiques apology laws, their potential use, and effectiveness, both legally and ethically, in light of the strong professional norms that shape physicians' reaction to medical errors. Physicians are largely reluctant to disclose medical errors to patients, patients' families, and even other physicians. Some states have passed so-called apology laws in order to encourage physicians to disclose medical errors to patients. Apology laws allow defendants to exclude statements of sympathy made after accidents from evidence in a liability lawsuit. This Article examines potential barriers to physicians' disclosure of medical mistakes and demonstrates how the underlying problem may actually be rooted in professional norms-norms that will remain outside the scope of law's influence. The Article also considers other legal and policy changes that could help to encourage disclosure.

Derivation of the Biot-Savart Law from Ampere's Law Using the Displacement Current

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buschauer, Robert

2013-12-01

The equation describing the magnetic field due to a single, nonrelativistic charged particle moving at constant velocity is often referred to as the "Biot-Savart law for a point charge." Introductory calculus-based physics books usually state this law without proof.2 Advanced texts often present it either without proof or as a special case of a complicated mathematical formalism.3 Either way, little or no physical insight is provided to the student regarding the underlying physics. This paper presents a novel, basic, and transparent derivation of the Biot-Savart law for a point charge based only on Maxwell's displacement current term in Ampere's law. This derivation can serve many pedagogical purposes. For example, it can be used as lecture material at any academic level to obtain the Biot-Savart law for a point charge from simple principles. It can also serve as a practical example of the important fact that a changing electric flux produces a magnetic field.

Power-laws in art

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Etro, Federico; Stepanova, Elena

2018-09-01

We provide evidence of a cubic law of art prices that hints to a general pattern for the distribution of artistic talent. The persistence across heterogeneous markets from historical ones to contemporary art auctions of a power law in the distribution of the average price per artist suggests the possibility of a universal law for talent distribution. We explore scale-free networks of teacher-students to investigate the diffusion of talent over time.

How to choose a calving law

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

O'Leary, M.

2014-12-01

Any model of an ocean-terminating ice mass requires a frontal boundary condition, often referred to as a "calving law". The choice of this boundary condition can have complex and poorly-understood effects on the behaviour of the system. Despite this, calving laws are often chosen based on numerical convenience or fashions in the literature. This can often lead to predictions which have "hidden dependencies" on the particular choice of calving law. As an attempt to alleviate this problem, I will show results from a wide variety of calving laws, applied to tidewater glacier scenarios. I will demonstrate how the decadal-scale stability of a tidewater system can put constraints on possible calving laws, and how certain observational phenomena, such as the presence of "pinning points" are largely independent of the choice of calving law. These results can be used by practitioners to decide on appropriate calving laws for the specific problems at hand. They should also be useful to help direct research into new calving laws, and to guide our conception of what an ideal calving law should look like.

The second laws of quantum thermodynamics.

PubMed

Brandão, Fernando; Horodecki, Michał; Ng, Nelly; Oppenheim, Jonathan; Wehner, Stephanie

2015-03-17

The second law of thermodynamics places constraints on state transformations. It applies to systems composed of many particles, however, we are seeing that one can formulate laws of thermodynamics when only a small number of particles are interacting with a heat bath. Is there a second law of thermodynamics in this regime? Here, we find that for processes which are approximately cyclic, the second law for microscopic systems takes on a different form compared to the macroscopic scale, imposing not just one constraint on state transformations, but an entire family of constraints. We find a family of free energies which generalize the traditional one, and show that they can never increase. The ordinary second law relates to one of these, with the remainder imposing additional constraints on thermodynamic transitions. We find three regimes which determine which family of second laws govern state transitions, depending on how cyclic the process is. In one regime one can cause an apparent violation of the usual second law, through a process of embezzling work from a large system which remains arbitrarily close to its original state. These second laws are relevant for small systems, and also apply to individual macroscopic systems interacting via long-range interactions. By making precise the definition of thermal operations, the laws of thermodynamics are unified in this framework, with the first law defining the class of operations, the zeroth law emerging as an equivalence relation between thermal states, and the remaining laws being monotonicity of our generalized free energies.

The second laws of quantum thermodynamics

PubMed Central

Brandão, Fernando; Horodecki, Michał; Ng, Nelly; Oppenheim, Jonathan; Wehner, Stephanie

2015-01-01

The second law of thermodynamics places constraints on state transformations. It applies to systems composed of many particles, however, we are seeing that one can formulate laws of thermodynamics when only a small number of particles are interacting with a heat bath. Is there a second law of thermodynamics in this regime? Here, we find that for processes which are approximately cyclic, the second law for microscopic systems takes on a different form compared to the macroscopic scale, imposing not just one constraint on state transformations, but an entire family of constraints. We find a family of free energies which generalize the traditional one, and show that they can never increase. The ordinary second law relates to one of these, with the remainder imposing additional constraints on thermodynamic transitions. We find three regimes which determine which family of second laws govern state transitions, depending on how cyclic the process is. In one regime one can cause an apparent violation of the usual second law, through a process of embezzling work from a large system which remains arbitrarily close to its original state. These second laws are relevant for small systems, and also apply to individual macroscopic systems interacting via long-range interactions. By making precise the definition of thermal operations, the laws of thermodynamics are unified in this framework, with the first law defining the class of operations, the zeroth law emerging as an equivalence relation between thermal states, and the remaining laws being monotonicity of our generalized free energies. PMID:25675476

Law of Empires.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martz, Carlton

2001-01-01

This issue of "Bill of Rights in Action" explores issues raised by empires and imperial law. The first article, "Clash of Empires: The Fight for North America," looks at the clash of empires and the fight for North America during the 18th century. The second article, "When Roman Law Ruled the Western World," examines…

Space Law and China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tronchetti, Fabio

2017-08-01

Over the past few years, China has made remarkable achievements in the space sector and become one of the most relevant players in the outer space domain. Highlights of this process have been the deployment in orbit of the first Chinese space station, Tiangong-1, on September 29, 2011; and the landing of the Yutu rover on the lunar surface on December 14, 2013. While technological developments have occurred at such a rapid pace, the same cannot be said of the regulatory framework governing Chinese space activities, which still lays at its infant stage. Indeed, unlike other major space-faring countries, China lacks comprehensive and uniform national space legislation; as of now, China has enacted two low-level administrative regulations addressing the issues of launching and registration of space objects. With the growth of the Chinese space program, such a lack of a structured national space law is beginning to show its limits and to create concerns about its negative impact on business opportunities and the ability of China to fully comply with international obligations. One should keep in mind that the international space treaties (China is part to four international space law treaties) are not self-executing, thus requiring States to adopt domestic measures to ensure their effective implementation. Importantly, Chinese authorities appear to be aware of these issues; as stated by the secretary-general of the Chinese National Space Administration (CNSA) in 2014, national space law has been listed in the national legislation plan and the CNSA is directly engaged in such a process. However, questions remain as to how this drafting process will be conducted and what legal form and content the law will have. For example, China could either decide to proceed with a gradual approach, consisting in the adoption of laws addressing selected issues to be eventually assembled into one single law; or to directly move to the adoption of one comprehensive law. In any case, if

Integrating International Business Law Concepts into a High School Business Law Course.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Golden, Cathleen J.; McDonald, Michael L.

1998-01-01

Outlines international business content for a high school business law curriculum: history of international business law, World Trade Organization, international disputes, contracts and sales, financing/banking, currency, taxation, intellectual property, transportation, and multinational corporations. Considers whether to teach international…

5 CFR 2421.9 - Administrative Law Judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Administrative Law Judge. 2421.9 Section... Administrative Law Judge. Administrative Law Judge means the Chief Administrative Law Judge or any Administrative Law Judge designated by the Chief Administrative Law Judge to conduct a hearing in cases under 5 U.S.C...

Discovering Trigonometric Relationships Implied by the Law of Sines and the Law of Cosines

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Skurnick, Ronald; Javadi, Mohammad

2006-01-01

The Law of Sines and The Law of Cosines are of paramount importance in the field of trigonometry because these two theorems establish relationships satisfied by the three sides and the three angles of any triangle. In this article, the authors use these two laws to discover a host of other trigonometric relationships that exist within any…

"Bush Law 101": Realising Place Conscious Pedagogy in the Law Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kennedy, Amanda; Mundy, Trish; Nielsen, Jennifer M.

2016-01-01

In 2012, a team of academics from six universities worked on an OLT-funded project, "Rethinking Law Curriculum: developing strategies to prepare law graduates for practice in rural and regional Australia." The project was motivated by the declining proportion of lawyers being attracted to and remaining in practice in rural and regional…

Recent developments in German health law.

PubMed

Hart, Dieter

2006-06-01

Health law provides the regulatory constitution for the medical and healthcare system. It covers individual medical treatment as well as public healthcare provision and is insofar medical law as well as social security law (statutory health insurance law). The medical and health sciences (public health sciences) are the main complementary disciplines of health law. This article gives an account of some representative developments in both fields which have taken place in the last three years.

Mandatory seat belt use laws.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-01-01

The purposes of this study were to review mandatory seat belt use laws as they have been used around the world, to forecast the impact of such a law in Virginia, and, if appropriate, to propose a mandatory seat belt law for inclusion in the Code of V...

Mental health law in Colombia

PubMed Central

Chaskel, Roberto; Shultz, James M.; Gaviria, Silvia L.; Taborda, Eliana; Vanegas, Roland; García, Natalia Muñoz; Flórez, Luis Jorge Hernández; Espinel, Zelde

2015-01-01

Mental health law in Colombia has evolved over the past 50 years, in concert with worldwide recognition and prioritisation of mental healthcare. Laws and policies have become increasingly sophisticated to accommodate the ongoing transformations throughout Colombia’s healthcare system and improvements in mental health screening, treatment and supportive care. Mental health law and policy development have been informed by epidemiological data on patterns of mental disorders in Colombia. Colombia is distinguished by the fact that its mental health laws and policies have been formulated during a 60-year period of continuous armed conflict. The mental health of Colombian citizens has been affected by population-wide exposure to violence and, accordingly, the mental health laws that have been enacted reflect this feature of the Colombian experience. PMID:29093872

Changing the Order of Newton's Laws--Why & How the Third Law Should Be First

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stocklmayer, Sue; Rayner, John P.; Gore, Michael M.

2012-01-01

Newton's laws are difficult both for teachers and students at all levels. This is still the case despite a long history of critique of the laws as presented in the classroom. For example, more than 50 years ago Eisenbud and Weinstock proposed reformulations of the laws that put them on a sounder, more logically consistent base than is presented in…

14 CFR 155.3 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Applicable law. 155.3 Section 155.3... RELEASE OF AIRPORT PROPERTY FROM SURPLUS PROPERTY DISPOSAL RESTRICTIONS § 155.3 Applicable law. (a... transfer to the requirements of applicable law. Based on the laws cited in this paragraph, the...

7 CFR 1900.102 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... GENERAL Applicability of Federal Law § 1900.102 Applicable law. Loans made by FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103-354 are authorized and executed pursuant to Federal programs adopted by Congress to... applicable Federal law. (b) Instruments evidencing a guarantee, conditional commitment to guarantee, or a...

Law-Related Education: Trends and Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Rosemary V.; Darnley, Susan M.

The report analyzes law-related education programs and materials developed during the period 1968-78. Specifically, it examines program motivations, assumptions, project development, and the relationship of law-related education to civic education. Law-related education is seen to include the study of the role of law in society, the legal…

Immigration Law & the American Dream.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parrini, Michelle, Ed.; Parins, Claire, Ed.; Kittlaus, Jennifer, Ed.; Bliss, Pam, Ed.

2001-01-01

This magazine is designed to help high school teachers of civics, government, history, law, and law-related education program developers educate students about legal issues. This issue focuses on immigration law and the American Dream. It includes 11 articles: (1) "U.S. Immigration Policy and Globalization" (P. Martin; S. Martin)…

Investigating a New Way To Teach Law: A Computer-based Commercial Law Course.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lloyd, Robert M.

2000-01-01

Describes the successful use of an interactive, computer-based format supplemented by online chats to provide a two-credit-hour commercial law course at the University of Tennessee College of Law. (EV)

Health Law as Social Justice.

PubMed

Wiley, Lindsay F

2014-01-01

Health law is in the midst of a dramatic transformation. From a relatively narrow discipline focused on regulating relationships among individual patients, health care providers, and third-party payers, it is expanding into a far broader field with a burgeoning commitment to access to health care and assurance of healthy living conditions as matters of social justice. Through a series of incremental reform efforts stretching back decades before the Affordable Care Act and encompassing public health law as well as the law of health care financing and delivery, reducing health disparities has become a central focus of American health law and policy. This Article labels, describes, and furthers a nascent "health justice" movement by examining what it means to view health law as an instrument of social justice. Drawing on the experiences of the reproductive justice, environmental justice, and food justice movements, and on the writings of political philosophers and ethicists on health justice, I propose that health justice offers an alternative to the market competition and patient rights paradigms that currently dominate health law scholarship, advocacy, and reform. I then examine the role of law in reducing health disparities through the health justice lens. I argue that the nascent health justice framework suggests three commitments for the use of law to reduce health disparities. First, to a broader inquiry that views access to health care as one among many social determinants of health deserving of public attention and resources. Second, to probing inquiry into the effects of class, racial, and other forms of social and cultural bias on the design and implementation of measures to reduce health disparities. And third, to collective action grounded in community engagement and participatory parity. In exploring these commitments, I highlight tensions within the social justice framework and between the social justice framework and the nascent health justice movement

22 CFR 231.16 - Governing law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Governing law. 231.16 Section 231.16 Foreign... EMERGENCY WARTIME SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS ACT OF 2003, PUBLIC LAW 108-11-STANDARD TERMS AND CONDITIONS § 231.16 Governing law. This Guarantee shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of...

Derivation of the Ideal Gas Law

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Laugier, Alexander; Garai, Jozsef

2007-01-01

Undergraduate and graduate physics and chemistry books usually state that combining the gas laws results in the ideal gas law. Leaving the derivation to the students implies that this should be a simple task, most likely a substitution. Boyle's law, Charles's law, and the Avogadro's principle are given under certain conditions; therefore, direct…

[Study on the law of circulation of meridians].

PubMed

Wang, Hong-mo

2005-03-01

To study the basic law of circulation of channels and collaterals. Inherit and develop ripe experiences of predecessors based on The Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic and other classic medical books. Circulation of channels and collaterals has the eight laws, including naming law, distribution law, converging law, exterior-interior association law, beginning-ending running law, meridian-qi bidirectional circulation law, zang- and fu-organ pathway liaison law, and liaison law of connecting with trunks and sense organs.

Demonstrations of the Action and Reaction Law and the Energy Conservation Law Using Fine Spherical Plastic Beads

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Khumaeni, A.; Tanaka, S.; Kobayashi, A.; Lee, Y. I.; Kurniawan, K. H.; Ishii, K.; Kagawa, K.

2008-01-01

Equipment for demonstrating Newton's third law and the energy conservation law in mechanics have successfully been constructed utilizing fine spherical plastic beads in place of metal ball bearings. To demonstrate Newton's third law, special magnetized Petri dishes were employed as objects, while to examine the energy conservation law, a…

Tax Breaks for Law Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Button, Alan L.

1981-01-01

A guide to federal income tax law as it affects law students is presented. Some costs that may constitute valuable above-the-line deductions are identified: moving expenses, educational expenses, job-seeking expenses, and income averaging. Available from Washington and Lee University School of Law, Lexington, VA 24450, $5.50 sc) (MLW)

32 CFR 842.66 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Applicable law. 842.66 Section 842.66 National... CLAIMS Foreign Claims (10 U.S.C. 2734) § 842.66 Applicable law. This paragraph provides guidance to determine the applicable law for assessment of liability. (a) A claim is settled under the law and standards...

7 CFR 1900.102 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Applicable law. 1900.102 Section 1900.102 Agriculture... GENERAL Applicability of Federal Law § 1900.102 Applicable law. Loans made by FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103-354 are authorized and executed pursuant to Federal programs adopted by Congress to...

32 CFR 842.66 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Applicable law. 842.66 Section 842.66 National... CLAIMS Foreign Claims (10 U.S.C. 2734) § 842.66 Applicable law. This paragraph provides guidance to determine the applicable law for assessment of liability. (a) A claim is settled under the law and standards...

7 CFR 1900.102 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Applicable law. 1900.102 Section 1900.102 Agriculture... GENERAL Applicability of Federal Law § 1900.102 Applicable law. Loans made by FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103-354 are authorized and executed pursuant to Federal programs adopted by Congress to...

32 CFR 842.66 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Applicable law. 842.66 Section 842.66 National... CLAIMS Foreign Claims (10 U.S.C. 2734) § 842.66 Applicable law. This paragraph provides guidance to determine the applicable law for assessment of liability. (a) A claim is settled under the law and standards...

7 CFR 1900.102 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Applicable law. 1900.102 Section 1900.102 Agriculture... GENERAL Applicability of Federal Law § 1900.102 Applicable law. Loans made by FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103-354 are authorized and executed pursuant to Federal programs adopted by Congress to...

32 CFR 842.66 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Applicable law. 842.66 Section 842.66 National... CLAIMS Foreign Claims (10 U.S.C. 2734) § 842.66 Applicable law. This paragraph provides guidance to determine the applicable law for assessment of liability. (a) A claim is settled under the law and standards...

32 CFR 842.66 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Applicable law. 842.66 Section 842.66 National... CLAIMS Foreign Claims (10 U.S.C. 2734) § 842.66 Applicable law. This paragraph provides guidance to determine the applicable law for assessment of liability. (a) A claim is settled under the law and standards...

7 CFR 1900.102 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Applicable law. 1900.102 Section 1900.102 Agriculture... GENERAL Applicability of Federal Law § 1900.102 Applicable law. Loans made by FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103-354 are authorized and executed pursuant to Federal programs adopted by Congress to...

Law, ethics, and the clinical neurologist.

PubMed

Nora, Lois Margaret

2013-01-01

There is dynamic interplay between the disciplines of law and ethics, and the result is often laws and regulation that impact the practice of clinical neurology. This chapter explores how the disciplines of law and ethics inform and intersect with each other, and how resulting law impacts the everyday work of the clinical neurologist. Examples of how the core bioethical principles of nonmaleficence, beneficence, respect for autonomy, and justice are manifest in legislative, common, and administrative laws are presented. Examples of how these laws, in turn, impact the practice of neurology through protection of patient privacy, the avoidance of conflict of interest, and informed consent and other issues are offered. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Medical innovation laws: an unnecessary innovation.

PubMed

Richards, Bernadette

2016-06-01

Objective This paper aims to demonstrate that any suggestion that there is a need for specific innovation laws is flawed. Innovation is central to good medical practice and is adequately supported by current law. Methods The paper reviews the nature of medical innovation and outlines recent attempts in the UK to introduce specific laws aimed at 'encouraging' and 'supporting' innovation. The current legal framework is outlined and the role of the law in relation to medical innovation explored. Results The analysis demonstrates the cyclic relationship between medical advancement and the law and concludes that there is no requirement for specific innovation laws. Conclusions The law not only supports innovation and development in medical treatment but encourages it as central to a functioning medical system. There is no need to introduce specific laws aimed at medical innovation; to do so represents an unnecessary legal innovation and serves to complicate matters. What is known about the topic? Over recent months, there has been a great deal of discussion surrounding the law in the context of medical innovation. This was driven by the attempts in the UK to introduce specific laws in the Medical Innovation Bill. The general subject matter - negligence and the expected standard of care in the provision of treatment - is very well understood, but not in cases where the treatment can be described as innovative. The general rhetoric in both the UK and Australia around the Medical Innovation Bill demonstrates a lack of understanding of the position of the law with regards to innovative treatment. What does this paper add? This paper adds clarity to the debate. It presents the law and explains the manner in which the law can operate around innovative treatment. The paper asserts that medical innovation is both supported and encouraged by existing legal principles. What are the implications for practitioners? The paper presents an argument that can guide the policy position

Higher Education and the Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Edwards, Harry T.; Nordin, Virginia Davis

The proliferation of laws, regulations, and judicial opinions affecting higher education and the nature of the impact of these laws on the academic community are examined. Designed for use by both students and practitioners, the book employs the "case method" design based on the belief that law cases furnish the best sources for study…

31 CFR 210.3 - Governing law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Governing law. 210.3 Section 210.3... CLEARING HOUSE § 210.3 Governing law. (a) Federal law. The rights and obligations of the United States and..., are governed by this part, which has the force and effect of Federal law. (b) Incorporation by...

31 CFR 210.3 - Governing law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Governing law. 210.3 Section 210.3... CLEARING HOUSE § 210.3 Governing law. (a) Federal law. The rights and obligations of the United States and..., are governed by this part, which has the force and effect of Federal law. (b) Incorporation by...

31 CFR 210.3 - Governing law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Governing law. 210.3 Section 210.3... CLEARING HOUSE § 210.3 Governing law. (a) Federal law. The rights and obligations of the United States and..., are governed by this part, which has the force and effect of Federal law. (b) Incorporation by...

44 CFR 15.17 - Other laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Other laws. 15.17 Section 15... TRAINING CENTER § 15.17 Other laws. Nothing in the rules and regulations in this part will be construed to abolish any other Federal laws or any State and local laws and regulations applicable to Mt. Weather or...

31 CFR 210.3 - Governing law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Governing law. 210.3 Section 210.3... CLEARING HOUSE § 210.3 Governing law. (a) Federal law. The rights and obligations of the United States and..., are governed by this part, which has the force and effect of Federal law. (b) Incorporation by...

Predictor laws for pictorial flight displays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grunwald, A. J.

1985-01-01

Two predictor laws are formulated and analyzed: (1) a circular path law based on constant accelerations perpendicular to the path and (2) a predictor law based on state transition matrix computations. It is shown that for both methods the predictor provides the essential lead zeros for the path-following task. However, in contrast to the circular path law, the state transition matrix law furnishes the system with additional zeros that entirely cancel out the higher-frequency poles of the vehicle dynamics. On the other hand, the circular path law yields a zero steady-state error in following a curved trajectory with a constant radius. A combined predictor law is suggested that utilizes the advantages of both methods. A simple analysis shows that the optimal prediction time mainly depends on the level of precision required in the path-following task, and guidelines for determining the optimal prediction time are given.

Influence of La/W ratio on electrical conductivity of lanthanum tungstate with high La/W ratio

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kojo, Gen; Shono, Yohei; Ushiyama, Hiroshi

The proton-conducting properties of lanthanum tungstates (LWOs) with high La/W ratios were investigated using electrochemical measurements and quantum chemical calculations. Single phases of LWOs with high La/W ratios (6.3≤La/W≤6.7) were synthesized by high-temperature sintering at around 1700 °C. The electrical conductivity of LWO increased with increasing La/W ratio in the single-phase region. The LWO synthesized at the optimum sintering temperature and time, and with the optimum La/W ratio gave the maximum conductivity, i.e., 2.7×10{sup −3} S cm{sup −1} with La/W=6.7 at 500 °C. Density functional theory calculations, using the nudged elastic band method, were performed to investigate the proton diffusionmore » barrier. The results suggest that the proton diffusion paths around La sites have the lowest proton diffusion barrier. These findings improve our understanding of LWO synthesis and the proton-conducting mechanism and provide a strategy for improving proton conduction in LWOs. - Graphical abstract: The LWOs with high La/W ratios were synthesized for the first time. The optimum La/W ratio gave the maximum conductivity with La/W=6.7 at 500 °C. The proton diffusion paths were also considered with density functional theory calculations. - Highlights: • The proton-conducting properties of lanthanum tungstates (LWOs) were investigated. • Single phase LWOs with high La/W ratios (6.3≤La/W≤6.7) were synthesized successfully. • LWOs with the high La/W ratios showed high proton conductivity. • The DFT calculation suggested the lowest proton diffusion barrier in the path around La sites.« less

20 CFR 901.43 - Administrative Law Judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Administrative Law Judge. 901.43 Section 901... Termination of Enrollment § 901.43 Administrative Law Judge. (a) Appointment. An administrative law judge... Administrative Law Judge. Among other powers, the Administrative Law Judge shall have authority, in connection...

Towards "Law Education for All": Teaching School Students about the Law in Australia and Pakistan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vlaardingerbroek, Barend; Traikovski, Louie; Hussain, Irshad

2014-01-01

Law-related topics arise in the school curricula of both developed and developing countries. Civics/citizenship education and social studies tend to be the curricular mediums into which law topics are inserted. This paper details law education at school level in Australia (State of Victoria) and Pakistan. The main challenge facing the…

Freedom under Law. Revised edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Denver Public Schools, CO.

This pamphlet identifies and explains Colorado laws as they apply to juveniles and adults. The handbook was specifically developed to help teenagers know how the laws protect them and how they are expected to comply with them. Two short sections discuss the necessity of having laws and give definitions of 12 legal terms such as felony and petty…

Lenz's Law Magic Trick

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruiz, Michael J.

2006-02-01

The demonstration of Lenz's law by dropping a powerful magnet down a nonmagnetic metal pipe has become a classic lecture-hall demonstration.1,2 An inexpensive version is packaged as a professional magic trick3 called "Newton's Nightmare." Combining sleight-of-hand with a demonstration of Lenz's law is a surefire way to heighten student interest. The subsequent student discussion motivated by a desire to understand the magic trick can lead to a memorable physics lesson. This paper will discuss Lenz's law magic and review literature that reveals the subtlety of the physics.

22 CFR 1421.8 - Administrative law judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Administrative law judge. 1421.8 Section 1421.8... TERMS AS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 1421.8 Administrative law judge. Administrative law judge means the Chief Administrative Law Judge or any administrative law judge designated by the Chief Administrative...

32 CFR 935.20 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Applicable law. 935.20 Section 935.20 National... WAKE ISLAND CODE Civil Law § 935.20 Applicable law. Civil acts and deeds taking place on Wake Island... June 15, 1950 (64 Stat. 217) (48 U.S.C. 644a), according to the laws of the United States relating to...

32 CFR 935.20 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... WAKE ISLAND CODE Civil Law § 935.20 Applicable law. Civil acts and deeds taking place on Wake Island... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Applicable law. 935.20 Section 935.20 National... June 15, 1950 (64 Stat. 217) (48 U.S.C. 644a), according to the laws of the United States relating to...

32 CFR 935.20 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... WAKE ISLAND CODE Civil Law § 935.20 Applicable law. Civil acts and deeds taking place on Wake Island... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Applicable law. 935.20 Section 935.20 National... June 15, 1950 (64 Stat. 217) (48 U.S.C. 644a), according to the laws of the United States relating to...

32 CFR 935.20 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... WAKE ISLAND CODE Civil Law § 935.20 Applicable law. Civil acts and deeds taking place on Wake Island... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Applicable law. 935.20 Section 935.20 National... June 15, 1950 (64 Stat. 217) (48 U.S.C. 644a), according to the laws of the United States relating to...

32 CFR 935.20 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... WAKE ISLAND CODE Civil Law § 935.20 Applicable law. Civil acts and deeds taking place on Wake Island... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Applicable law. 935.20 Section 935.20 National... June 15, 1950 (64 Stat. 217) (48 U.S.C. 644a), according to the laws of the United States relating to...

25 CFR 11.909 - Law enforcement records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Law enforcement records. 11.909 Section 11.909 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER COURTS OF INDIAN OFFENSES AND LAW AND ORDER CODE Children's Court § 11.909 Law enforcement records. (a) Law enforcement records and files...

22 CFR 128.2 - Administrative Law Judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Administrative Law Judge. 128.2 Section 128.2... § 128.2 Administrative Law Judge. The Administrative Law Judge referred to in this part is an Administrative Law Judge appointed by the Department of State. The Administrative Law Judge is authorized to...

22 CFR 128.2 - Administrative Law Judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Administrative Law Judge. 128.2 Section 128.2... § 128.2 Administrative Law Judge. The Administrative Law Judge referred to in this part is an Administrative Law Judge appointed by the Department of State. The Administrative Law Judge is authorized to...

Ethics and the law: the law and assisted human conception.

PubMed

Brahams, D

1990-07-01

This article aims to provide no more than a brief summary and overview of some of the principal legal questions which arise in connection with assisted human conception. There is no requirement of legal suitability for natural parenthood, though a child may be removed from parental care at birth if its welfare is considered to be at risk. Where medical or other assistance is required, however, the law and social judgments may impinge on the freedom of individuals to procreate. Commercial surrogacy has recently been criminalized, but private surrogacy arrangements without reward are not illegal--although any contract would probably be unenforceable through the courts. If medical intervention is required to achieve assisted conception, the availability of resources for NHS treatment, the physical and mental health of the prospective mother and father, and the welfare (or lack of it) of any prospective child, may be factors in deciding whether an infertility unit will offer treatment. Such practices must not operate unfairly and must not discriminate on racial grounds. If treatment is provided, and a woman becomes pregnant, the ordinary abortion laws will apply and, it is thought, will extend to the selective reduction of a multiple pregnancy--there is no claim in English law for 'wrongful birth'. AID does not constitute adultery, and the law has recently been reformed to recognize children born following AID as legitimate to their social parents. A child may be regarded as the legitimate child of a surrogate mother's marriage, but where the baby is genetically distinct from the surrogate mother, the law, and is uncertain and as yet could be conflicting claims of parenthood without legislation. The storage and disposal of human gametes and embryos may raise problems of 'ownership'.

State Laws Relating to Michigan Libraries. Reprinted from the Michigan Compiled Laws.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michigan Library, Lansing.

Prepared by the state librarian of Michigan, this compilation of laws is intended to help librarians, government officials, and citizens familarize themselves with the many state statues that affect the operation and development of libraries in Michigan. The document includes excerpts of laws pertaining to public libraries, school libraries,…

Current state of US breastfeeding laws.

PubMed

Nguyen, Thu T; Hawkins, Summer Sherburne

2013-07-01

This study systematically examined state-level laws protecting breastfeeding, including their current status and historical development, as well as identified gaps across US states and regions. The National Conference of State Legislatures summarised breastfeeding laws for 50 states and DC as of September 2010, which we updated through May 2011. We then searched LexisNexis and Westlaw to find the full text of laws, recording enactment dates and definitions. Laws were coded into five categories: (1) employers are encouraged or required to provide break time and private space for breastfeeding employees; (2) employers are prohibited from discriminating against breastfeeding employees; (3) breastfeeding is permitted in any public or private location; (4) breastfeeding is exempt from public indecency laws; and (5) breastfeeding women are exempt from jury duty. By May 2011, 1 state had enacted zero breastfeeding laws, 10 had one, 22 had two, 12 had three, 5 had four and 1 state had laws across all five categories. While 92% of states allowed mothers to breastfeed in any location and 57% exempted breastfeeding from indecency laws, 37% of states encouraged or required employers to provide break time and accommodations, 24% offered breastfeeding women exemption from jury duty and 16% prohibited employment discrimination. The Northeast had the highest proportion of states with breastfeeding laws and the Midwest had the lowest. Breastfeeding outside the home is protected to varying degrees depending on where women live; this suggests that many women are not covered by comprehensive laws that promote breastfeeding. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Reinventing Howard's Law School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glenn, Gwendolyn

2001-01-01

Describes efforts by Alice Gresham Bullock, dean of the Howard University School of Law, to improve the school (including building a new library and improving relations with faculty) and restore Howard to its previous stature as a leader in civil rights law. (EV)

20 CFR 617.16 - Applicable State law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Applicable State law. 617.16 Section 617.16... law. (a) What law governs. The applicable State law for any individual, for all of the purposes of this part 617, is the State law of the State— (1) In which the individual is entitled to UI (whether or...

20 CFR 617.16 - Applicable State law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Applicable State law. 617.16 Section 617.16... law. (a) What law governs. The applicable State law for any individual, for all of the purposes of this part 617, is the State law of the State— (1) In which the individual is entitled to UI (whether or...

[The Organ Transplantation Law].

PubMed

Yuzawa, Kenji; Takahara, Shiro

2010-12-01

The old Organ Transplantation Law was issued in 1997 and had never been revised for 12 years. Brain dead donors had to leave written consent to donate their own organs as well as their family consent. The organ donation from children under 15 years old was prohibited. The majority of the patients in need of organ transplantation died of organ shortages in Japan. Many patients especially children had to travel abroad to receive organs. The amendment bill for the Organ Transplantation Law was passed in the House of Councilors on July 13, 2009. The new Organ Transplantation Law permit organ donation from brain dead donors who had not refused to donate their organs, as long as there is family consent. Children under 15 years old can become donors. This article explains the old and the new Organ Transplantation Laws and the course of the amendment.

Law of the Minimum paradoxes.

PubMed

Gorban, Alexander N; Pokidysheva, Lyudmila I; Smirnova, Elena V; Tyukina, Tatiana A

2011-09-01

The "Law of the Minimum" states that growth is controlled by the scarcest resource (limiting factor). This concept was originally applied to plant or crop growth (Justus von Liebig, 1840, Salisbury, Plant physiology, 4th edn., Wadsworth, Belmont, 1992) and quantitatively supported by many experiments. Some generalizations based on more complicated "dose-response" curves were proposed. Violations of this law in natural and experimental ecosystems were also reported. We study models of adaptation in ensembles of similar organisms under load of environmental factors and prove that violation of Liebig's law follows from adaptation effects. If the fitness of an organism in a fixed environment satisfies the Law of the Minimum then adaptation equalizes the pressure of essential factors and, therefore, acts against the Liebig's law. This is the the Law of the Minimum paradox: if for a randomly chosen pair "organism-environment" the Law of the Minimum typically holds, then in a well-adapted system, we have to expect violations of this law.For the opposite interaction of factors (a synergistic system of factors which amplify each other), adaptation leads from factor equivalence to limitations by a smaller number of factors.For analysis of adaptation, we develop a system of models based on Selye's idea of the universal adaptation resource (adaptation energy). These models predict that under the load of an environmental factor a population separates into two groups (phases): a less correlated, well adapted group and a highly correlated group with a larger variance of attributes, which experiences problems with adaptation. Some empirical data are presented and evidences of interdisciplinary applications to econometrics are discussed. © Society for Mathematical Biology 2010

Reflections on international medical law.

PubMed

Wattad, Mohammed S; Hrevtsova, Radmyla Yu

2011-12-01

Does international medical law exist, in the first place, as an independent area of study? If so, is it urgently required in an era of comparative studies? Namely, to what extent, if at all, international studies differ from comparative ones? Besides, what are the particular characteristics of such international discipline? Namely, what are the particular features of this field that elaborate on our legal and scientific understanding in sketching possible definition for this notion of "international medical law?" In addition, how does international medical law correlate with health, ethics and health policies in our globalized world? And finally, what are the challenges that might face the international community, once the concept of "international medical law" is acknowledged? This papers aims at establishing the conceptual grounds for these questions, thus calling for the acknowledgment of a new field of study described as "international medical law".

On the origins of the Mendelian laws.

PubMed

Monaghan, F; Corcos, A

1984-01-01

The two laws usually attributed to Mendel were not considered as laws by him. The first law, the law of independent segregation occurs in Mendel's paper as an assumption or hypothesis. Hugo de Vries refers to this as a law discovered by Mendel. This appears to be the first use of an expression equivalent to Mendel's law. In his paper de Vries did not associate the observable characters with structures having a causitive role. That was done by Correns, who transformed the law of segregation of characters into a law of the segregation of anlagen. The second law, the law of independent assortment, is present in embryonic form in Mendel's paper. Here the independent assortment of characters appears as a secondary conclusion to a series of experiments involving several pairs of traits. Mendel repeats the primary conclusion later in the paper but not the secondary one. This leads us to believe that he considered the secondary conclusion as of lesser importance. We note in this context that the 9:3:3:1 ratio commonly associated with the idea of independent assortment, and attributed to Mendel, also does not occur in his paper. A careful reading of the papers of his discoverers shows it was Correns who first drew attention to this ratio. However, he did not formulate the second Mendelian law even though it was clearly implied. Neither was it stated by de Vries. Indeed, the first clear separation of the two laws and the naming of the second law was by T. H. Morgan some 13 years later.

Safe haven laws as crime control theater.

PubMed

Hammond, Michelle; Miller, Monica K; Griffin, Timothy

2010-07-01

This article examines safe haven laws, which allow parents to legally abandon their infants. The main objective is to determine whether safe haven laws fit the criteria of crime control theater, a term used to describe public policies that produce the appearance, but not the effect, of crime control, and as such are essentially socially constructed "solutions" to socially constructed crime "problems." The analysis will apply the principles of crime control theater to safe haven laws. Specifically, the term crime control theater applies to laws that are reactionary responses to perceived criminal threats and are often widely supported as a way to address the crime in question. Such laws are attractive because they appeal to mythic narratives (i.e., saving an innocent child from a predator); however they are likely ineffective due to the complexity of the crime. These laws can have deleterious effects when policymakers make false claims of success and stunt public discourse (e.g., drawing attention away from more frequent and preventable crimes). This analysis applies these criteria to safe haven laws to determine whether such laws can be classified as crime control theater. Many qualities inherent to crime control theater are present in safe haven laws. For example, the laws are highly publicized, their intentions lack moral ambiguity, rare cases of success legitimize law enforcement and other agencies, and they appeal to the public sense of responsibility in preventing crime. Yet the goal of saving infant lives may be unattainable. These qualities make the effectiveness of the laws questionable and suggest they may be counterproductive. This analysis determined that safe haven laws are socially constructed solutions to the socially constructed problem of child abandonment. Safe haven laws are appropriately classified as crime control theater. It is imperative that further research be conducted to examine the effectiveness and collateral effects of safe haven laws

Clarifying Baker's Law

PubMed Central

Cheptou, P.-O.

2012-01-01

Background Baker's Law states that colonization by self-compatible organisms is more likely to be successful than colonization by self-incompatible organisms because of the ability for self-compatible organisms to produce offspring without pollination agents. This simple model has proved very successful in plant ecology and has been applied to various contexts, including colonizing or ruderal species, islands colonizers, invasive species or mating system variation across distribution ranges. Moreover, it is one of the only models in population biology linking two traits of major importance in ecology, namely dispersal and mating system. Although Baker's Law has stimulated a large number of empirical studies reporting the association of self-fertilization and colonizing ability in various contexts, the data have not established a general pattern for the association of traits. Scope In this paper, a critical position is adopted to discuss and clarify Baker's Law. From the literature referring to Baker's Law, an analysis made regarding how mating success is considered in such studies and discrepancies with population genetics theory of mating systems are highlighted. The data reporting the association of self-fertilization and colonizing ability are also briefly reviewed and the potential bias in interpretation is discussed. Lastly, a recent theoretical model analysing the link between colonizing ability and self-fertilization is considered. Conclusions Evolutionary predictions are actually more complex than Baker's intuitive arguments. It appears that Baker's Law encompasses a variety of ecological scenarios, which cannot be considered a priori as equivalent. Questioning what has been considered as self-evident for more than 50 years seems a reasonable objective to analyse in-depth dispersal and mating system traits. PMID:21685434

Government Contract Law (9th Edition)

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-04-01

This Ninth Edition, like its predecessors, will serve as the textbook for the Government Contract Law taught at the School of Systems and Logistics...drawn from Government Contract Law -Cases, 1987 edition, for a rounded approach to the subject. This edition of the text includes coverage of the...Government Contract Law complements the Federal Acquisition Regulation and provides a preventive law treatment for contracting personnel. While it may

Power Laws and Market Crashes ---Empirical Laws on Bursting Bubbles---

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaizoji, T.

In this paper, we quantitatively investigate the statistical properties of a statistical ensemble of stock prices. We selected 1200 stocks traded on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, and formed a statistical ensemble of daily stock prices for each trading day in the 3-year period from January 4, 1999 to December 28, 2001, corresponding to the period of the forming of the internet bubble in Japn, and its bursting in the Japanese stock market. We found that the tail of the complementary cumulative distribution function of the ensemble of stock prices in the high value of the price is well described by a power-law distribution, P (S > x) ˜ x^{-α}, with an exponent that moves in the range of 1.09 < α < 1.27. Furthermore, we found that as the power-law exponents α approached unity, the bubbles collapsed. This suggests that Zipf's law for stock prices is a sign that bubbles are going to burst.

The invention of health law.

PubMed

Bloche, M Gregg

2003-03-01

By default, the courts are inventing health law. The law governing the American health system arises from an unruly mix of statutes, regulations, and judge-crafted doctrines conceived, in the main, without medical care in mind. Courts are ill-equipped to put order to this chaos, and until recently they have been disinclined to try. But political gridlock and popular ire over managed care have pushed them into the breach, and the Supreme Court has become a proactive health policy player. How might judges make sense of health law's disparate doctrinal standards? Scholars from diverse ideological starting points have converged toward a single answer: the law should look to deploy medical resources in a systematically rational manner, so as to maximize the benefits that every dollar buys. This answer bases the orderly development of health care law upon our ability to reach stable understandings, in myriad circumstances, of what welfare maximization requires. In this Article, I contend that this goal is not achievable. Scientific ignorance, cognitive limitations, and normative disagreements yield shifting, incomplete, and contradictory understandings of social welfare in the health sphere. The chaotic state of health care law today reflects this unruliness. In making systemic welfare maximization the lodestar for health law, we risk falling so far short of aspirations for reasoned decision making as to invite disillusion about the possibilities for any sort of rationality in this field. Accordingly, I urge that we define health law's aims more modestly, based on acknowledgement that its rationality is discontinuous across substantive contexts and changeable with time. This concession to human limits, I argue, opens the way to health policy that mediates wisely between our desire for public action to maximize the well being of the many and our intimate wishes to be treated noninstrumentally, as separate ends. I conclude with an effort to identify the goals of health law

Soil erosion and sediment control laws. A review of state laws and their natural resource data requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klein, S. B.

1980-01-01

Twenty states, the District of Columbia, and the Virgin Islands enacted erosion and sediment control legislation during the past decade to provide for the implementation or the strengthening of statewide erosion and sediment control plans for rural and/or urban lands. That legislation and the state programs developed to implement these laws are quoted and reviewed. The natural resource data requirements of each program are also extracted. The legislation includes amendments to conservation district laws, water quality laws, and erosion and sediment control laws. Laws which provides for legislative review of administrative regulations and LANDSAT applications and/or information systems that were involved in implementing or gathering data for a specific soil erosion and sediment control program are summarized as well as principal concerns affecting erosion and sediment control laws.

Social Studies: Law Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Curriculum Review, 1979

1979-01-01

Reviews 11 series, texts, supplements, kits, and professional references for law instruction, including civil and criminal law, the Bill of Rights, and controversial legal issues: arson, gun control, capital punishment, and euthanasia. While all grade levels are covered, the emphasis is on secondary-level materials. (SJL)

Upstream health law.

PubMed

Sage, William M; McIlhattan, Kelley

2014-01-01

For the first time, entrepreneurs are aggressively developing new technologies and business models designed to improve individual and population health, not just to deliver specialized medical care. Consumers of these goods and services are not yet "patients"; they are simply people. As this sector of the health care industry expands, it is likely to require new forms of legal governance, which we term "upstream health law." © 2014 American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Inc.

Reconciling the Mitscherlich's law of diminishing returns with Liebig's law of the minimum. Some results on crop modeling.

PubMed

Ferreira, Iuri E P; Zocchi, Silvio S; Baron, Daniel

2017-11-01

Reliable fertilizer recommendations depend on the correctness of the crop production models fitted to the data, but generally the crop models are built empirically, neglecting important physiological aspects related with response to fertilizers, or they are based in laws of plant mineral nutrition seen by many authors as conflicting theories: the Liebig's Law of the Minimum and Mitscherlich's Law of Diminishing Returns. We developed a new approach to modelling the crop response to fertilizers that reconcile these laws. In this study, the Liebig's Law is applied at the cellular level to explain plant production and, as a result, crop models compatible with the Law of Diminishing Returns are derived. Some classical crop models appear here as special cases of our methodology, and a new interpretation for Mitscherlich's Law is also provided. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Battle Brewing Over Arkansas Creationism Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baum, Rudy

1981-01-01

Reports recent proceedings regarding a new law enacted in early 1981 in Arkansas which requires schools that teach evolution to teach what the law calls "creation-science." Opposition to the law by the American Civil Liberties Union is discussed. (CS)

Abandonment and reconciliation: addressing political and common law objections to fetal homicide laws.

PubMed

Curran, Douglas S

2009-03-01

Fetal homicide laws criminalize killing a fetus largely to the same extent as killing any other human being. Historically, the common law did not generally recognize feticide as a crime, but this was because of the evidentiary "born-alive" rule, not because of the substantive understanding of the term "human being." As medicine and science have advanced, states have become increasingly willing to abandon this evidentiary rule and to criminalize feticide as homicide. Although most states have recognized the crime of fetal homicide, fourteen have not. This is largely the result of two independent obstacles: (judicial) adherence to the born-alive rule and (legislative) concern that fetal homicide laws could erode constitutionally protected reproductive rights. This Note explores a variety of fetal homicide laws that states have adopted, demonstrating that popular opinion has shifted toward recognizing this crime. It then directly confronts the objections that have prevented other states from adopting such laws: it first reviews the literature suggesting that the born-alive rule should be abandoned, as it is an obsolete evidentiary standard; it then argues that constitutionally protected reproductive liberties can be reconciled with, and in fact augmented by, punishing the killing of a fetus as a homicide.

Teaching Information Technology Law

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, M. J.; Jones, R. P.; Haggerty, J.; Gresty, D.

2009-01-01

In this paper we discuss an approach to the teaching of information technology law to higher education computing students that attempts to prepare them for professional computing practice. As information technology has become ubiquitous its interactions with the law have become more numerous. Information technology practitioners, and in particular…

Pop Goes the Law

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harper, Steven J.

2013-01-01

The Law School Admission Council recently reported that applications were heading toward a 30-year low, reflecting, as a "New York Times" article put it, "increased concern over soaring tuition, crushing student debt, and diminishing prospects of lucrative employment upon graduation." Since 2004 the number of law-school…

Charles' Law of Gases.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Petty, John T.

1995-01-01

Describes an experiment that uses air to test Charles' law. Reinforces the student's intuitive feel for Charles' law with quantitative numbers they can see, introduces the idea of extrapolating experimental data to obtain a theoretical value, and gives a physical quantitative meaning to the concept of absolute zero. (JRH)

Do Juvenile Curfew Laws Reduce Underage Drinking?

PubMed Central

Grossman, Elyse R.; Jernigan, David H.; Miller, Nancy A.

2016-01-01

Objective: Although not originally enacted to deter the problem of underage drinking in the United States, one set of laws that may influence this behavior is juvenile curfew laws. This research asked the following: (a) What is the effect of enacting a juvenile curfew law on youth drinking, and (b) do demographic variables moderate the relation between juvenile curfew law enactment and drinking? This study examined the effect of juvenile curfew laws on underage drinking, using data from 46 U.S. cities from 1991 to 2005. Method: In 2014, we compiled a data set containing alcohol and curfew law data by zip code. It included 63,081 minors (ages 12–17 years) from 1,081 zip codes. We used difference-in-difference regressions to analyze the data. Results: The effect of the enactment of a curfew law on the likelihood of consuming alcohol in the past year or past 30 days or of heavy episodic drinking in the past 2 weeks was not significant when compared with cities without curfew laws during the same periods. Although the likelihood of consuming alcohol over the past year differed depending on an individual’s characteristics (e.g., race/ethnicity, age, and gender), none of the interaction terms between these characteristics and curfew laws were significant. Conclusions: Curfew laws appear to have a non-significant effect on youth drinking, but these results are unclear without more knowledge as to where and when youth are drinking both before and after the enactment of curfew laws and how these laws are being enforced. PMID:27340963

Do Juvenile Curfew Laws Reduce Underage Drinking?

PubMed

Grossman, Elyse R; Jernigan, David H; Miller, Nancy A

2016-07-01

Although not originally enacted to deter the problem of underage drinking in the United States, one set of laws that may influence this behavior is juvenile curfew laws. This research asked the following: (a) What is the effect of enacting a juvenile curfew law on youth drinking, and (b) do demographic variables moderate the relation between juvenile curfew law enactment and drinking? This study examined the effect of juvenile curfew laws on underage drinking, using data from 46 U.S. cities from 1991 to 2005. In 2014, we compiled a data set containing alcohol and curfew law data by zip code. It included 63,081 minors (ages 12-17 years) from 1,081 zip codes. We used difference-in-difference regressions to analyze the data. The effect of the enactment of a curfew law on the likelihood of consuming alcohol in the past year or past 30 days or of heavy episodic drinking in the past 2 weeks was not significant when compared with cities without curfew laws during the same periods. Although the likelihood of consuming alcohol over the past year differed depending on an individual's characteristics (e.g., race/ethnicity, age, and gender), none of the interaction terms between these characteristics and curfew laws were significant. Curfew laws appear to have a nonsignificant effect on youth drinking, but these results are unclear without more knowledge as to where and when youth are drinking both before and after the enactment of curfew laws and how these laws are being enforced.

Substance Abuse and the Law: A Technical Assistance Paper for the Street Law Substance Abuse Lessons.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Inst. for Citizen Education in the Law, Washington, DC.

This technical assistance paper is designed to give trainers guidance on teaching the development and use of substance-abuse lessons found in "Street Law: A Course in Practical Law." The paper provides background on the lessons, a rationale for using the lessons, and sample agendas to use in training. "Street Law" contains…

Establishing Law and Order After Conflict

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-01-01

the y-axis indicates the rule of law. This leads to four quadrants . We code the lower-left quadrant as successful, since it includes decreasing...levels of violence and an improving rule of law. The lower-right quadrant is mixed because it includes increasing levels of violence but an improving rule...of law. Cases in the upper-right quadrant are un- successful, since they have increasing levels of violence and a deterio- rating rule of law

Scaling laws of aquatic locomotion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, BoHua

2017-10-01

In recent years studies of aquatic locomotion have provided some remarkable insights into the many features of fish swimming performances. This paper derives a scaling relation of aquatic locomotion C D( Re)2 = ( Sw)2 and its corresponding log law and power law. For power scaling law, ( Sw)2 = β n Re 2-1/ n , which is valid within the full spectrum of the Reynolds number Re = UL/ν from low up to high, can simply be expressed as the power law of the Reynolds number Re and the swimming number Sw = ωAL/ν as Re ∝ ( Sw)σ, with σ = 2 for creeping flows, σ = 4=3 for laminar flows, σ = 10=9 and σ = 14=13 for turbulent flows. For log law this paper has derived the scaling law as Sw ∝ Re=(ln Re+1:287), which is even valid for a much wider range of the Reynolds number Re. Both power and log scaling relationships link the locomotory input variables that describe the swimmer's gait A; ω via the swimming number Sw to the locomotory output velocity U via the longitudinal Reynolds number Re, and reveal the secret input-output relationship of aquatic locomotion at different scales of the Reynolds number

Teaching medical ethics and law.

PubMed

Parker, Malcolm

2012-03-01

The teaching of medical ethics is not yet characterised by recognised, standard requirements for formal qualifications, training and experience; this is not surprising as the field is still relatively young and maturing. Under the broad issue of the requirements for teaching medical ethics are numerous more specific questions, one of which concerns whether medical ethics can be taught in isolation from considerations of the law, and vice versa. Ethics and law are cognate, though distinguishable, disciplines. In a practical, professional enterprise such as medicine, they cannot and should not be taught as separate subjects. One way of introducing students to the links and tensions between medical ethics and law is to consider the history of law via its natural and positive traditions. This encourages understanding of how medical practice is placed within the contexts of ethics and law in the pluralist societies in which most students will practise. Four examples of topics from medical ethics teaching are described to support this claim. Australasian medical ethics teachers have paid less attention to the role of law in their curricula than their United Kingdom counterparts. Questions like the one addressed here will help inform future deliberations concerning minimal requirements for teaching medical ethics.

Casuistry as common law morality.

PubMed

Paulo, Norbert

2015-12-01

This article elaborates on the relation between ethical casuistry and common law reasoning. Despite the frequent talk of casuistry as common law morality, remarks on this issue largely remain at the purely metaphorical level. The article outlines and scrutinizes Albert Jonsen and Stephen Toulmin's version of casuistry and its basic elements. Drawing lessons for casuistry from common law reasoning, it is argued that one generally has to be faithful to ethical paradigms. There are, however, limitations for the binding force of paradigms. The most important limitations--the possibilities of overruling and distinguishing paradigm norms--are similar in common law and in casuistry, or so it is argued. These limitations explain why casuistry is not necessarily overly conservative and conventional, which is one line of criticism to which casuists can now better respond. Another line of criticism has it that the very reasoning from case to case is extremely unclear in casuistry. I suggest a certain model of analogical reasoning to address this critique. All my suggestions to understand and to enhance casuistry make use of common law reasoning whilst remaining faithful to Jonsen and Toulmin's main ideas and commitments. Further developed along these lines, casuistry can appropriately be called "common law morality."

Three laws of robotics and surgery.

PubMed

Moran, Michael

2008-08-01

In 1939, Isaac Asimov solidified the modern science fiction genre of robotics in his short story "Strange Playfellow" but altered our thinking about robots in Runaround in 1942 by formulating the Three Laws. He took an engineer's perspective on advanced robotic technologies. Surgical robots by definition violate the first law, yet his discussions are poignant for our understanding of future potential of robotic urologic surgery. We sought to better understand Asimov's visions by reading his fiction and autobiography. We then sought to place his perceptions of science fact next to the Three Laws (he later added a fourth law, the zeroth). Asimov's Three Laws are often quoted in medical journals during discussions about robotic surgery. His First Law states: "A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. " This philosophy would directly conflict with the application in surgery. In fact, most of his robotic stories deal with robots that come into conflicts with the laws. Robots in his cleverly orchestrated works evolve unique solutions to complex hierarchical conflicts with these laws. Asimov anticipated the coming maelstrom of intelligent robotic technologies with prescient unease. Despite his scholarly intuitions, he was able to fathom medical/surgical applications in many of his works. These fictional robotic physicians were able to overcome the first law and aid in the care and management of the sick/injured. Isaac Asimov published over 500 books on topics ranging from Shakespeare to science. Despite his widespread influence, he refused to visit the MIT robotics laboratory to see current, state-of-the-art systems. He managed to lay the foundation of modern robotic control systems with a human-oriented safety mechanism in his laws. "If knowledge can create problems, it is not through ignorance that we can solve them " (I Asimov).

Tropisms of Avena coleoptiles: sine law for gravitropism, exponential law for photogravitropic equilibrium.

PubMed

Galland, Paul

2002-09-01

The quantitative relation between gravitropism and phototropism was analyzed for light-grown coleoptiles of Avena sativa (L.). With respect to gravitropism the coleoptiles obeyed the sine law. To study the interaction between light and gravity, coleoptiles were inclined at variable angles and irradiated for 7 h with unilateral blue light (466 nm) impinging at right angles relative to the axis of the coleoptile. The phototropic stimulus was applied from the side opposite to the direction of gravitropic bending. The fluence rate that was required to counteract the negative gravitropism increased exponentially with the sine of the inclination angle. To achieve balance, a linear increase in the gravitropic stimulus required compensation by an exponential increase in the counteracting phototropic stimulus. The establishment of photogravitropic equilibrium during continuous unilateral irradiation is thus determined by two different laws: the well-known sine law for gravitropism and a novel exponential law for phototropism described in this work.

[Common law, civil law: thinking about the tools of the judge in bioethics].

PubMed

Baudouin, Jean-Louis

2006-01-01

Civilian and common law judges differ substantially in their approach to the resolution of issues concerning bioethics and health sciences. Whereas the civilian judge will first take into account the legislative source, his common law counterpart will most probably first look at judicial precedents for guidance. In both systems, however, the legislative drafting technique differs substantially and has a direct impact on judicial interpretation of the law. Both systems also differ in the way that judicial decisions are drafted and rendered. In the common law tradition, judges draft their own opinion, leaving the possibility of dissent which, in turn, helps to better illustrate contentious issues and may have an influence on social awareness of difficult problems. Finally, in bioethics, legislation should be preferred if only for a question of social legitimacy, since decisions are then taken by elected representatives. However, this type of legislation should be subject to periodical review to better adapt its rules to the evolution of science and society.

Anomalous law of cooling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lapas, Luciano C., E-mail: luciano.lapas@unila.edu.br; Ferreira, Rogelma M. S., E-mail: rogelma.maria@gmail.com; Rubí, J. Miguel, E-mail: mrubi@ub.edu

2015-03-14

We analyze the temperature relaxation phenomena of systems in contact with a thermal reservoir that undergoes a non-Markovian diffusion process. From a generalized Langevin equation, we show that the temperature is governed by a law of cooling of the Newton’s law type in which the relaxation time depends on the velocity autocorrelation and is then characterized by the memory function. The analysis of the temperature decay reveals the existence of an anomalous cooling in which the temperature may oscillate. Despite this anomalous behavior, we show that the variation of entropy remains always positive in accordance with the second law ofmore » thermodynamics.« less

Language and the Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gibbons, John

1999-01-01

Discusses the language of law and its general interest to the field of applied linguistics. Specific focus is on legal language, the problems and remedies of legal communication (e.g., language and disadvantage before the law, improving legal communication) the legislation of language (e.g., language rights, language crimes), and forensic…

The law and neuroscience.

PubMed

Gazzaniga, Michael S

2008-11-06

Some of the implications for law of recent discoveries in neuroscience are considered in a new program established by the MacArthur Foundation. A group of neuroscientists, lawyers, philosophers, and jurists are examining issues in criminal law and, in particular, problems in responsibility and prediction and problems in legal decision making.

Law and Marine Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bockrath, Joseph

1976-01-01

The University of Delaware Marine Studies has implemented courses in coastal zone law and policy and maritime law. The courses attempt to integrate the scientist's or engineer's work with public policy formation. The program emphasizes historical and current issues and the economic, cultural, and political forces operating in decision-making…

California Library Laws. 1977.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Silver, Cy H.

This document contains selections from the California Administrative Code, Education Code, Government Code, and others relating to public libraries, county law libraries and the State Library. The first section presents legal developments in California from 1974 to 1976 which are of interest to librarians. Laws and regulations are presented under…

12 CFR 213.9 - Relation to state laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Relation to state laws. 213.9 Section 213.9... LEASING (REGULATION M) § 213.9 Relation to state laws. (a) Inconsistent state law. A state law that is... a lessor cannot comply with a state law without violating a provision of this part, the state law is...

3, 2, 1 … Discovering Newton's Laws

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lutz, Joe; Sylvester, Kevin; Oliver, Keith; Herrington, Deborah

2017-03-01

"For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction." "Except when a bug hits your car window, the car must exert more force on the bug because Newton's laws only apply in the physics classroom, right?" Students in our classrooms were able to pick out definitions as well as examples of Newton's three laws; they could recite the laws and even solve for force, mass, and acceleration. However, when given "real world" questions, they would quickly revert to naive explanations. This frustration led to an examination of our approach to teaching Newton's laws. Like many, we taught Newton's laws in their numerical order—first, second, and then third. Students read about the laws, copied definitions, and became proficient with vocabulary before they applied the laws in a lab setting. This paper discusses how we transformed our teaching of Newton's laws by flipping the order (3, 2, 1) and putting the activity before concept, as well as how these changes affected student outcomes.

Water laws and concepts

USGS Publications Warehouse

Thomas, H.E.

1970-01-01

Throughout human history various laws and customs have developed concerning the individual rights and rights in common to the waters of the earth. Many existing laws and concepts are clearly influenced by the environment in which they originated and reflect the relative abundance or scarcity of water. Many concepts reflect the people's original interests in the water and once established have been passed from generation to generation with little modification. Some laws and concepts have been carried by people in their migrations and colonial expansions to vastly different environments, with rather curious consequences. In many places water laws that had been well adapted to the natural environment have become less tenable because of man's activities in modifying that environment, or because of increasing use of water: Increasing consumptive use shifts the water economy toward lesser abundance or increasing deficiency; increasing nonconsumptive use results in pollution of the water resources, so that they become less suitable for other users. The water-rights systems in the United States vary from State to State: some are reasonably fitted to their environment, some have outlived their place in history, some are wasteful of water, some show favoritism to certain special interests or segments of the population. Water-use rights are universally recognized as real property, with constitutional protection against deprivation without due process of law.

Get Kids Interested in the Law before the Law Gets Interested in Them.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, R. Murray; Murray, Paul V.

1983-01-01

Many children do not know enough about the law to make wise judgments about their behavior. Educational strategies for teaching about lawbreaking and its consequences are presented. Six laws commonly broken by young people are described, first in legal terms and then stated more simply. Case histories follow. (PP)

Teaching International Law: Concepts in International Relations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Starbird, Caroline; Pettit, Jenny; Singleton, Laurel

2004-01-01

This book is designed to introduce students to public international law. Topics covered include international public organizations, such as the United Nations and World Trade Organization, international courts, international human rights law, international trade law, and international environmental law. The goal of each study is to examine how…

46 CFR 5.19 - Administrative Law Judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Administrative Law Judge. 5.19 Section 5.19 Shipping... REGULATIONS-PERSONNEL ACTION Definitions § 5.19 Administrative Law Judge. (a) An Administrative Law Judge... has delegated to Administrative Law Judges the authority to admonish, suspend, with or without...

46 CFR 5.19 - Administrative Law Judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Administrative Law Judge. 5.19 Section 5.19 Shipping... REGULATIONS-PERSONNEL ACTION Definitions § 5.19 Administrative Law Judge. (a) An Administrative Law Judge... has delegated to Administrative Law Judges the authority to admonish, suspend, with or without...

46 CFR 5.19 - Administrative Law Judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Administrative Law Judge. 5.19 Section 5.19 Shipping... REGULATIONS-PERSONNEL ACTION Definitions § 5.19 Administrative Law Judge. (a) An Administrative Law Judge... has delegated to Administrative Law Judges the authority to admonish, suspend, with or without...

46 CFR 5.19 - Administrative Law Judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Administrative Law Judge. 5.19 Section 5.19 Shipping... REGULATIONS-PERSONNEL ACTION Definitions § 5.19 Administrative Law Judge. (a) An Administrative Law Judge... has delegated to Administrative Law Judges the authority to admonish, suspend, with or without...

50 CFR 10.22 - Law enforcement offices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Law enforcement offices. 10.22 Section 10... GENERAL PROVISIONS Addresses § 10.22 Law enforcement offices. Service law enforcement offices and their areas of responsibility follow. Mail should be addressed: “Assistant Regional Director, Division of Law...

49 CFR 1542.217 - Law enforcement personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Law enforcement personnel. 1542.217 Section 1542... Law enforcement personnel. (a) Each airport operator must ensure that law enforcement personnel used... the criminal laws of the State and local jurisdictions in which the airport is located— (1) A crime...

25 CFR 11.909 - Law enforcement records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER COURTS OF INDIAN OFFENSES AND LAW AND ORDER CODE Children's Court § 11.909 Law enforcement records. (a) Law enforcement records and files... minor's parents or guardian, the presenting officer, or others by order of the children's court. ...

Know Your Laws. Italian.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watson, Joan Q.

This Italian language version of "Know Your Laws" consists of 24 self-contained modules designed to acquaint the Florida adult students with law they will meet in everyday life; fundamentals of local, state, and federal governments; and the criminal and juvenile justice systems. (The 130 objectives are categorized in the first three…

Know Your Laws. Czechoslovakian.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watson, Joan Q.; Ziembinski, Vera

This Czechoslovakian language version of "Know Your Laws" consists of 24 self-contained modules designed to acquaint the Florida adult student with laws she/he will meet in everyday life; fundamentals of local, state, and federal governments; and the criminal and juvenile justice systems. (The 130 objectives are categorized in the first…

Know Your Laws. Polish.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watson, Joan Q.; Kopania, Margaret

This Polish language version of "Know Your Laws" consists of 24 self-contained modules designed to acquaint the Florida adult student with laws she/he will meet in everyday life; fundamentals of local, state, and federal governments; and the criminal and juvenile justice systems. (The 130 objectives are categorized in the first three…

Know Your Laws. French.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watson, Joan Q.; Ledun, Andree

This French language version of "Know Your Laws" consists of 24 self-contained modules designed to acquaint the Florida adult student with laws she/he will meet in everyday life; fundamentals of local, state, and federal governments; and the criminal and juvenile justice systems. (The 130 objectives are categorized in the first three…

Know Your Laws. German.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watson, Joan Q.; Karch, Hannelore

This German language version of "Know Your Laws" consists of 24 self-contained modules designed to acquaint the Florida adult student with laws she/he will meet in everyday life; fundamentals of local, state, and federal governments; and the criminal and juvenile justice systems. (The 130 objectives are categorized in the first three…

The Law of Elasticity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cocco, Alberto; Masin, Sergio Cesare

2010-01-01

Participants estimated the imagined elongation of a spring while they were imagining that a load was stretching the spring. This elongation turned out to be a multiplicative function of spring length and load weight--a cognitive law analogous to Hooke's law of elasticity. Participants also estimated the total imagined elongation of springs joined…

Bicycle Law Enforcement Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hunter, William W.; Stutts, Jane C.

This manual is an attempt to draw together relevant resources and information for localities interested in developing a bicycle law enforcement operation. It is divided into five major sections. Section I explains the need for and importance of bicycle law enforcement. In section II are presented examples of past and current bicycle law…

The Corporate Law Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mofsky, James S.

1976-01-01

On the premise that corporate counsel must be an able diagnostician before he can focus on highly specialized and interrelated issues of business law, the author suggests an approach to corporate law curriculum in which the basic course balances the quality and quantity of material designed to create the needed sensitivity. (JT)

On Teaching Morality to Law Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Modjeska, Lee

1991-01-01

Within the limits of law and process, the lawyer's concern must be the client's cause, not his own agenda. Effective legal representation requires objectivity. The lawyer's role is to counsel legality, not morality, and the law school's responsibility is to teach law, not moral obligation. (MSE)

[Medical Devices Law for pain therapists].

PubMed

Regner, M; Sabatowski, R

2016-08-01

Medical Devices Law is a relatively new legal system, which has replaced the Medical Devices Regulations still well-known in Germany. German Medical Devices Law is based on European directives, which are, in turn, incorporated into national law by the Medical Devices Act. The Medical Devices Act is a framework law and covers a number of regulations that address specific topics within Medical Devices Law. In turn, in individual regulations, reference is made to guidelines, recommendations, etc. from other sources that provide detailed technical information on specific topics. Medical Devices Law is a very complex legal system, which needs to be permanently observed due to constant updating and adjustment. In the current article, the design and the structure of the system will be described, but special emphasis will be laid on important problem areas that need to be considered when applying and operating medical products, in this case by pain therapists in particular.

40 CFR 209.18 - Administrative law judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2012-07-01 2011-07-01 true Administrative law judge. 209.18... law judge. (a) General. The administrative law judge shall conduct a fair and impartial hearing in... form whenever in the opinion of the administrative law judge oral testimony is not necessary for full...

14 CFR 13.205 - Administrative law judges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Administrative law judges. 13.205 Section... Administrative law judges. (a) Powers of an administrative law judge. In accordance with the rules of this subpart, an administrative law judge may: (1) Give notice of, and hold, prehearing conferences and...

40 CFR 209.18 - Administrative law judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Administrative law judge. 209.18... law judge. (a) General. The administrative law judge shall conduct a fair and impartial hearing in... form whenever in the opinion of the administrative law judge oral testimony is not necessary for full...

49 CFR 386.54 - Administrative Law Judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Administrative Law Judge. 386.54 Section 386.54... General Rules and Hearings § 386.54 Administrative Law Judge. (a) Powers of an Administrative Law Judge. The Administrative Law Judge may take any action and may prescribe all necessary rules and regulations...

49 CFR 386.54 - Administrative Law Judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Administrative Law Judge. 386.54 Section 386.54... General Rules and Hearings § 386.54 Administrative Law Judge. (a) Powers of an Administrative Law Judge. The Administrative Law Judge may take any action and may prescribe all necessary rules and regulations...

45 CFR 302.70 - Required State laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Required State laws. 302.70 Section 302.70 Public... PLAN REQUIREMENTS § 302.70 Required State laws. (a) Required Laws. The State plan shall provide that... effect laws providing for, and has implemented procedures to improve, program effectiveness: (1...

49 CFR 386.54 - Administrative Law Judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Administrative Law Judge. 386.54 Section 386.54... General Rules and Hearings § 386.54 Administrative Law Judge. (a) Powers of an Administrative Law Judge. The Administrative Law Judge may take any action and may prescribe all necessary rules and regulations...

Developments in Employee Benefits Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brewer, Katherine

1989-01-01

New federal laws and regulations, particularly non-discrimination rules, concerning welfare plans, fringe benefits, and tax-sheltered annuities are examined, and new law and regulatory developments concerning pensions are highlighted. (MSE)

DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE HEALTH LAW: OVERVIEW AND SUGGESTIONS.

PubMed

Liu, Kai; Tang, Daolu

2014-07-01

Health law is a rapidly developing law specialty in China. This article examines the current overall framework and evolution of Chinese health law, as a background to an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of this legal regime. Research suggests that: 1) The independent status of Chinese health law as jurisprudence and a specialty ought to be assured altogether; 2) The convergence between health law and other laws should be strengthened; 3) The current Chinese health law framework ought to be completed. This suggests the necessity to find ways to improve the independence of health law in China by eliminating the convergence and completing the legal framework.

Multitude scaling laws in axisymmetric turbulent wake

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Layek, G. C.; Sunita

2018-03-01

We establish theoretically multitude scaling laws of a self-similar (statistical) axisymmetric turbulent wake. At infinite Reynolds number limit, the flow evolves as general power law and a new exponential law of streamwise distance, consistent with the criterion of equilibrium similarity hypothesis. We found power law scalings for components of the homogeneous dissipation rate (ɛ) obeying the non-Richardson-Kolmogorov cascade as ɛu˜ku3 /2/(l R elm ) , ɛv˜kv3 /2/l , kv˜ku/R el2 m, 0 < m < 3. Here ku and kv are the components of the Reynolds normal stress, l is the local length scale, and Rel is the Reynolds number. The Richardson-Kolmogorov cascade corresponds to m = 0. For m ≈ 1, the power law agrees with non-equilibrium scaling laws observed in recent experiments of the axisymmetric wake. On the contrary, the exponential scaling law follows the above dissipation law with different regions of existence for power index m = 3. At finite Reynolds number with kinematic viscosity ν, scalings obey the dissipation laws ɛu ˜ νku/l2 and ɛv ˜ νkv/l2 with kv˜ku/R eln. The value of n is preferably 0 and 2. Different possibilities of scaling laws and symmetry breaking process are discussed at length.

Update on Law-Related Education, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Update on Law-Related, 1997

1997-01-01

This document consists of 3 volumes of a serial devoted to law-related education (LRE) offering background information on a wide range of legal issues and teaching strategies for LRE. The title themes for the three volumes include "International Law,""Crime and Freedom," and "Civil Law". Background articles are…

A Law-Related Education for Alaskans.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Surgeon, Donald L.

This paper reviews law-related education and suggests ways to implement this type of education in Alaska's secondary schools. Ten reasons for teaching law-related education are presented including the following: research demonstrates the effectiveness of such education; increases student interest in the law; helps students become effective…

School Law Update...Preventive School Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Thomas N., Ed.; Semler, Darel P., Ed.

A wide variety of contemporary legal issues are addressed in the 15 separate papers that make up this volume. The introductory chapter by William C. Bednar, Jr. provides a broad-based rationale for "Preventive School Law." Chapters 2 and 3, both by Gerald A. Caplan, review "Current Issues in Reduction-in-Force" and "First Amendment Claims by…

Can law foster social-ecological resilience?

USGS Publications Warehouse

Garmestani, Ahjond S.; Allen, Craig R.; Benson, Melinda H.

2013-01-01

Law plays an essential role in shaping natural resource and environmental policy, but unfortunately, many environmental laws were developed around the prevailing scientific understanding that there was a “balance of nature” that could be managed and sustained. This view assumes that natural resource managers have the capacity to predict the behavior of ecological systems, know what its important functional components are, and successfully predict the outcome of management interventions. This paper takes on this problem by summarizing and synthesizing the contributions to this Special Feature (Law and Social-Ecological Resilience, Part I: Contributions from Resilience 2011), focusing on the interaction of law and social-ecological resilience, and then offering recommendations for the integration of law and social-ecological resilience.

Know Your Laws. Spanish.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watson, Joan Q.; Ackerson, Leonor

This Spanish language version of "Know Your Laws" consists of 24 self-contained modules designed to acquaint the Florida adult student with laws she/he will meet in everyday life; fundamentals of local, state, and federal governments; and the criminal and juvenile justice systems. (The 130 objectives are categorized in the first three levels of…

Science and the Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kennedy, Donald; Merrill, Richard A.

2000-01-01

Explaines the role of the Carnegie Commission which was formed to explore the relationship between the disciplines of science, technology, and the law. Discusses concerns about the individual right of privacy in projects such as the Human Genome Project. Focuses on the panel on Science, Technology, and Law which was established in 1999. (YDS)

California Library Laws, 2008

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Paul G., Ed.

2008-01-01

"California Library Laws 2008" is a selective guide to state laws and related materials that most directly affect the everyday operations of public libraries and organizations that work with public libraries. It is intended as a convenient reference, not as a replacement for the annotated codes or for legal advice. The guide is organized…

Teachers and the Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fischer, Louis; And Others

This book is designed to promote legal literacy for public school teachers. It examines a wide range of constitutional, statutory, and case law that directly affects their work. Its purpose is to provide teachers with the knowledge necessary to comply with the law, assert their rights, and bring violations to the attention of administrators and…

Laws on Sex Discrimination in Employment. Federal Civil Rights Act, Title VII State Fair Employment Practices Laws, Executive Orders.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Women's Bureau (DOL), Washington, DC.

This report describes the applicable laws regarding sex discrimination in employment. In addition to Federal law and two relevant Executive Orders, the report includes 21 state laws and the District of Columbia's law prohibiting discrimination based on sex. This document is a revision of ED 014 611. (BH)

50 CFR 10.22 - Law enforcement offices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Law enforcement offices. 10.22 Section 10... GENERAL PROVISIONS Addresses § 10.22 Law enforcement offices. (a) Service law enforcement offices are... addressed to “Special Agent in Charge, Office of Law Enforcement, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service” at the...

5 CFR 1201.125 - Administrative law judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Administrative law judge. 1201.125... § 1201.125 Administrative law judge. (a) An administrative law judge will hear a disciplinary action... administrative law judge will issue an initial decision on the complaint pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 557. The applicable...

Thoughts on the Law, Gatekeepers, and Rerooting

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shevock, Daniel J.

2017-01-01

This essay extends an open philosophy with a philosophy of music education on soil. An open philosophy emerges from analysis of Kafka's parable "Before the Law." I explore what "the law" might be, what it could mean for how people relate to "the law," and how critiquing "the law" allows music teachers and…

22 CFR 204.43 - Governing law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Governing law. 204.43 Section 204.43 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT HOUSING GUARANTY STANDARD TERMS AND CONDITIONS Administration § 204.43 Governing law. This Guaranty shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of...

49 CFR 95.13 - Antitrust laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Antitrust laws. 95.13 Section 95.13 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation ADVISORY COMMITTEES § 95.13 Antitrust laws. The activities of advisory committees are subject to the antitrust laws and committee members are not immune from prosecution...

26 CFR 403.35 - Laws applicable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Laws applicable. 403.35 Section 403.35 Internal... DISPOSITION OF SEIZED PERSONAL PROPERTY Remission or Mitigation of Forfeitures § 403.35 Laws applicable. Remission or mitigation of forfeitures shall be governed by the customs laws applicable to remission or...

26 CFR 403.35 - Laws applicable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Laws applicable. 403.35 Section 403.35 Internal... DISPOSITION OF SEIZED PERSONAL PROPERTY Remission or Mitigation of Forfeitures § 403.35 Laws applicable. Remission or mitigation of forfeitures shall be governed by the customs laws applicable to remission or...

22 CFR 204.43 - Governing law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Governing law. 204.43 Section 204.43 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT HOUSING GUARANTY STANDARD TERMS AND CONDITIONS Administration § 204.43 Governing law. This Guaranty shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of...

22 CFR 204.43 - Governing law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Governing law. 204.43 Section 204.43 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT HOUSING GUARANTY STANDARD TERMS AND CONDITIONS Administration § 204.43 Governing law. This Guaranty shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of...

26 CFR 403.35 - Laws applicable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Laws applicable. 403.35 Section 403.35 Internal... DISPOSITION OF SEIZED PERSONAL PROPERTY Remission or Mitigation of Forfeitures § 403.35 Laws applicable. Remission or mitigation of forfeitures shall be governed by the customs laws applicable to remission or...

26 CFR 403.35 - Laws applicable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Laws applicable. 403.35 Section 403.35 Internal... DISPOSITION OF SEIZED PERSONAL PROPERTY Remission or Mitigation of Forfeitures § 403.35 Laws applicable. Remission or mitigation of forfeitures shall be governed by the customs laws applicable to remission or...

22 CFR 204.43 - Governing law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Governing law. 204.43 Section 204.43 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT HOUSING GUARANTY STANDARD TERMS AND CONDITIONS Administration § 204.43 Governing law. This Guaranty shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of...

26 CFR 403.35 - Laws applicable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Laws applicable. 403.35 Section 403.35 Internal... DISPOSITION OF SEIZED PERSONAL PROPERTY Remission or Mitigation of Forfeitures § 403.35 Laws applicable. Remission or mitigation of forfeitures shall be governed by the customs laws applicable to remission or...

22 CFR 204.43 - Governing law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Governing law. 204.43 Section 204.43 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT HOUSING GUARANTY STANDARD TERMS AND CONDITIONS Administration § 204.43 Governing law. This Guaranty shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of...

49 CFR 95.13 - Antitrust laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Antitrust laws. 95.13 Section 95.13 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation ADVISORY COMMITTEES § 95.13 Antitrust laws. The activities of advisory committees are subject to the antitrust laws and committee members are not immune from prosecution...

49 CFR 95.13 - Antitrust laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Antitrust laws. 95.13 Section 95.13 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation ADVISORY COMMITTEES § 95.13 Antitrust laws. The activities of advisory committees are subject to the antitrust laws and committee members are not immune from prosecution...

Admission to Law School: New Measures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shultz, Marjorie M.; Zedeck, Sheldon

2012-01-01

Standardized tests have been increasingly controversial over recent years in high-stakes admission decisions. Their role in operationalizing definitions of merit and qualification is especially contested, but in law schools this challenge has become particularly intense. Law schools have relied on the Law School Admission Test (LSAT) and an INDEX…

Henry's Law and Noisy Knuckles.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kimbrough, Doris R.

1999-01-01

Discusses Henry's Law which describes the relationship between the pressure of gas and the concentration of that gas in a solution. Presents an application of Henry's Law to the cracking of knuckles. (CCM)

36 CFR 4.2 - State law applicable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false State law applicable. 4.2... AND TRAFFIC SAFETY § 4.2 State law applicable. (a) Unless specifically addressed by regulations in this chapter, traffic and the use of vehicles within a park area are governed by State law. State law...

Employee perceptions of protected area law enforcement

Treesearch

Christopher J. Wynveen; Robert D. Bixler; William E. Hammitt

2006-01-01

It is widely accepted that criminal activity negatively impacts visitors? recreation experiences in the nation?s parks and forests (Fletcher 1983). To further understand how law enforcement can effectively manage criminal activity in protected areas, this study was designed to describe law enforcement and non-law enforcement rangers? perceptions of a range of law...

14 CFR 13.205 - Administrative law judges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... party may file a motion, pursuant to § 13.218(f)(6), requesting that an administrative law judge be... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Administrative law judges. 13.205 Section... Administrative law judges. (a) Powers of an administrative law judge. In accordance with the rules of this...

14 CFR 13.205 - Administrative law judges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... party may file a motion, pursuant to § 13.218(f)(6), requesting that an administrative law judge be... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Administrative law judges. 13.205 Section... Administrative law judges. (a) Powers of an administrative law judge. In accordance with the rules of this...

Nanotechnology and the Law

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Desmoulin-Canselier, Sonia; Lacour, Stéphanie

Law and nanotechnology form a vast subject. The aim here will be to examine them from the societal standpoint of nanoethics, if necessary without due reference to the work that has been undertaken. For while law differs from ethics, as we shall attempt to explain throughout this reflection, it must also be studied in its relationship with social realities.

Laws for Young Mountaineers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kanawha County Board of Education, Charleston, WV.

This booklet introduces secondary grade students to the criminal laws of West Virginia. It can easily be adapted and used by educators in other states. The authors believe that young people must recognize and understand these laws and the mechanisms which society uses to implement and enforce them if they are to function as an integral, important,…

California Library Laws, 2009

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Paul G., Ed.

2009-01-01

California Library Laws 2009 is a selective guide to state laws and related materials that most directly affect the everyday operations of public libraries and organizations that work with public libraries. It is intended as a convenient reference, not as a replacement for the annotated codes or for legal advice. The guide is organized as follows.…

A Pictorial Approach to Lenz's Law

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duffy, Andrew

2018-04-01

This paper describes a pictorial approach to Lenz's law that involves following four steps and drawing three pictures to determine the direction of the current induced by a changing magnetic flux. Lenz's law accompanies Faraday's law, stating that, for a closed conducting loop, the induced emf (electromotive force) created by a changing magnetic flux sets up a current in the loop that tends to oppose the change in flux. Students are often confused by this, but drawing a sequence of three pictures can make it clearer to students how Lenz's law is applied.

The University and Education about Law

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Odegaard, Charles E.

1975-01-01

Arguing that law is too large and too important a subject to be left to the law school, the author calls for changes, including an end to isolationist tendencies of the law school, so that the university can address itself to the problem of justice, its definition and implementation in society. (JT)

32 CFR 537.5 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Applicable law. 537.5 Section 537.5 National... THE UNITED STATES § 537.5 Applicable law. (a) Basis for recovery. (1) Most recovery assertions are.... These actions or omissions must constitute a tort as determined by the law of place of occurrence...

50 CFR 404.12 - International law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false International law. 404.12 Section 404.12... MARINE NATIONAL MONUMENT § 404.12 International law. These regulations shall be applied in accordance with international law. No restrictions shall apply to or be enforced against a person who is not a...

50 CFR 665.936 - International law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false International law. 665.936 Section 665... National Monument § 665.936 International law. The regulations in this subpart shall be applied in accordance with international law. No restrictions shall apply to or be enforced against a person who is not...

50 CFR 665.936 - International law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false International law. 665.936 Section 665... National Monument § 665.936 International law. The regulations in this subpart shall be applied in accordance with international law. No restrictions shall apply to or be enforced against a person who is not...

27 CFR 72.31 - Laws applicable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Laws applicable. 72.31... Remission or Mitigation of Forfeitures § 72.31 Laws applicable. Remission or mitigation of forfeitures shall be governed by the applicable customs laws. (Sec. 613, 618, 46 Stat. 756, as amended, 757, as amended...

27 CFR 72.31 - Laws applicable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Laws applicable. 72.31... Remission or Mitigation of Forfeitures § 72.31 Laws applicable. Remission or mitigation of forfeitures shall be governed by the applicable customs laws. (Sec. 613, 618, 46 Stat. 756, as amended, 757, as amended...

50 CFR 404.12 - International law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false International law. 404.12 Section 404.12... MONUMENT § 404.12 International law. These regulations shall be applied in accordance with international law. No restrictions shall apply to or be enforced against a person who is not a citizen, national, or...

50 CFR 665.906 - International law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false International law. 665.906 Section 665... National Monument § 665.906 International law. The regulations in this subpart shall be applied in accordance with international law. No restrictions shall apply to or be enforced against a person who is not...

32 CFR 537.5 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Applicable law. 537.5 Section 537.5 National... THE UNITED STATES § 537.5 Applicable law. (a) Basis for recovery. (1) Most recovery assertions are.... These actions or omissions must constitute a tort as determined by the law of place of occurrence...

50 CFR 665.906 - International law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false International law. 665.906 Section 665... National Monument § 665.906 International law. The regulations in this subpart shall be applied in accordance with international law. No restrictions shall apply to or be enforced against a person who is not...

32 CFR 537.5 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Applicable law. 537.5 Section 537.5 National... THE UNITED STATES § 537.5 Applicable law. (a) Basis for recovery. (1) Most recovery assertions are.... These actions or omissions must constitute a tort as determined by the law of place of occurrence...

50 CFR 404.12 - International law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false International law. 404.12 Section 404.12... MARINE NATIONAL MONUMENT § 404.12 International law. These regulations shall be applied in accordance with international law. No restrictions shall apply to or be enforced against a person who is not a...

50 CFR 404.12 - International law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false International law. 404.12 Section 404.12... MARINE NATIONAL MONUMENT § 404.12 International law. These regulations shall be applied in accordance with international law. No restrictions shall apply to or be enforced against a person who is not a...

27 CFR 72.31 - Laws applicable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Laws applicable. 72.31... Remission or Mitigation of Forfeitures § 72.31 Laws applicable. Remission or mitigation of forfeitures shall be governed by the applicable customs laws. (Sec. 613, 618, 46 Stat. 756, as amended, 757, as amended...

27 CFR 72.31 - Laws applicable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Laws applicable. 72.31... Remission or Mitigation of Forfeitures § 72.31 Laws applicable. Remission or mitigation of forfeitures shall be governed by the applicable customs laws. (Sec. 613, 618, 46 Stat. 756, as amended, 757, as amended...

32 CFR 537.5 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2012-07-01 2009-07-01 true Applicable law. 537.5 Section 537.5 National... THE UNITED STATES § 537.5 Applicable law. (a) Basis for recovery. (1) Most recovery assertions are.... These actions or omissions must constitute a tort as determined by the law of place of occurrence...

27 CFR 72.31 - Laws applicable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Laws applicable. 72.31... Remission or Mitigation of Forfeitures § 72.31 Laws applicable. Remission or mitigation of forfeitures shall be governed by the applicable customs laws. (Sec. 613, 618, 46 Stat. 756, as amended, 757, as amended...

Should Principals Know More about Law?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doctor, Tyrus L.

2013-01-01

Educational law is a critical piece of the education conundrum. Principals reference law books on a daily basis in order to address the wide range of complex problems in the school system. A principal's knowledge of law issues and legal decision-making are essential to provide effective feedback for a successful school.

22 CFR 221.43 - Governing law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Governing law. 221.43 Section 221.43 Foreign... Administration § 221.43 Governing law. This Guarantee shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the United States of America governing contracts and commercial transactions of the United...

32 CFR 537.5 - Applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Applicable law. 537.5 Section 537.5 National... THE UNITED STATES § 537.5 Applicable law. (a) Basis for recovery. (1) Most recovery assertions are.... These actions or omissions must constitute a tort as determined by the law of place of occurrence...

50 CFR 404.12 - International law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false International law. 404.12 Section 404.12... MARINE NATIONAL MONUMENT § 404.12 International law. These regulations shall be applied in accordance with international law. No restrictions shall apply to or be enforced against a person who is not a...

Education Law. Course Outline. Casenote Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aquila, Frank D.

The material included in this book--case briefs, outlines, and textbook/treatise reference information--provides a summary of the most important aspects of the law regarding education. At the heart of this body of knowledge, commonly identified as education law or school law, is statutory and case law. The book serves as a comprehensive guide to…

36 CFR 1004.2 - State law applicable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false State law applicable. 1004.2... State law applicable. (a) Unless specifically addressed by regulations in this chapter, traffic and the... State law. State law that is now or may later be in effect is adopted and made a part of the regulations...

14 CFR 1260.59 - Choice of law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Choice of law. 1260.59 Section 1260.59... Special Conditions § 1260.59 Choice of law. Choice of Law October 2000 The rights and obligations of the parties to the grant (or cooperative agreement) shall be ascertainable by recourse to the laws of the...

12 CFR 160.2 - Applicability of law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Applicability of law. 160.2 Section 160.2 Banks... Applicability of law. State law applies to the lending activities of Federal savings associations and their subsidiaries to the same extent and in the same manner that those laws apply to national banks and their...

36 CFR 1004.2 - State law applicable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false State law applicable. 1004.2... State law applicable. (a) Unless specifically addressed by regulations in this chapter, traffic and the... State law. State law that is now or may later be in effect is adopted and made a part of the regulations...

Zeroth Law, Entropy, Equilibrium, and All That

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Canagaratna, Sebastian G.

2008-01-01

The place of the zeroth law in the teaching of thermodynamics is examined in the context of the recent discussion by Gislason and Craig of some problems involving the establishment of thermal equilibrium. The concept of thermal equilibrium is introduced through the zeroth law. The relation between the zeroth law and the second law in the…

14 CFR 1260.59 - Choice of law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Choice of law. 1260.59 Section 1260.59... Special Conditions § 1260.59 Choice of law. Choice of Law October 2000 The rights and obligations of the parties to the grant (or cooperative agreement) shall be ascertainable by recourse to the laws of the...

International law and communicable diseases.

PubMed Central

Aginam, Obijiofor

2002-01-01

Historically, international law has played a key role in global communicable disease surveillance. Throughout the nineteenth century, international law played a dominant role in harmonizing the inconsistent national quarantine regulations of European nation-states; facilitating the exchange of epidemiological information on infectious diseases; establishing international health organizations; and standardization of surveillance. Today, communicable diseases have continued to re-shape the boundaries of global health governance through legally binding and "soft-law" regimes negotiated and adopted within the mandate of multilateral institutions - the World Health Organization, the World Trade Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Office International des Epizooties. The globalization of public health has employed international law as an indispensable tool in global health governance aimed at diminishing human vulnerability to the mortality and morbidity burdens of communicable diseases. PMID:12571722

A Control Model: Interpretation of Fitts' Law

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Connelly, E. M.

1984-01-01

The analytical results for several models are given: a first order model where it is assumed that the hand velocity can be directly controlled, and a second order model where it is assumed that the hand acceleration can be directly controlled. Two different types of control-laws are investigated. One is linear function of the hand error and error rate; the other is the time-optimal control law. Results show that the first and second order models with the linear control-law produce a movement time (MT) function with the exact form of the Fitts' Law. The control-law interpretation implies that the effect of target width on MT must be a result of the vertical motion which elevates the hand from the starting point and drops it on the target at the target edge. The time optimal control law did not produce a movement-time formula simular to Fitt's Law.

7 CFR 501.14 - Non-Federal law enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Non-Federal law enforcement. 501.14 Section 501.14...-Federal law enforcement. Research Center special policemen may be deputized by State or local law... State or local law enforcement agency, the facilities or services of such State or local law enforcement...

7 CFR 501.14 - Non-Federal law enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 6 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Non-Federal law enforcement. 501.14 Section 501.14...-Federal law enforcement. Research Center special policemen may be deputized by State or local law... State or local law enforcement agency, the facilities or services of such State or local law enforcement...

7 CFR 501.14 - Non-Federal law enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 6 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Non-Federal law enforcement. 501.14 Section 501.14...-Federal law enforcement. Research Center special policemen may be deputized by State or local law... State or local law enforcement agency, the facilities or services of such State or local law enforcement...

7 CFR 501.14 - Non-Federal law enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 6 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Non-Federal law enforcement. 501.14 Section 501.14...-Federal law enforcement. Research Center special policemen may be deputized by State or local law... State or local law enforcement agency, the facilities or services of such State or local law enforcement...

Turning around Newton's Second Law

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goff, John Eric

2004-01-01

Conceptual and quantitative difficulties surrounding Newton's second law often arise among introductory physics students. Simply turning around how one expresses Newton's second law may assist students in their understanding of a deceptively simple-looking equation.

29 CFR 102.35 - Duties and powers of administrative law judges; stipulations of cases to administrative law...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Duties and powers of administrative law judges; stipulations of cases to administrative law judges or to the Board; assignment and powers of settlement judges... Practices 1 Hearings § 102.35 Duties and powers of administrative law judges; stipulations of cases to...

25 CFR 12.33 - Are Indian country law enforcement officers paid less than other law enforcement officers?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... ensure that all BIA law enforcement officer positions are established at no lower grade level on the... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Are Indian country law enforcement officers paid less than other law enforcement officers? 12.33 Section 12.33 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT...

Diffusion of Impaired Driving Laws Among US States.

PubMed

Macinko, James; Silver, Diana

2015-09-01

We examined internal and external determinants of state's adoption of impaired driving laws. Data included 7 state-level, evidence-based public health laws collected from 1980 to 2010. We used event history analyses to identify predictors of first-time law adoption and subsequent adoption between state pairs. The independent variables were internal state factors, including the political environment, legislative professionalism, government capacity, state resources, legislative history, and policy-specific risk factors. The external factors were neighboring states' history of law adoption and changes in federal law. We found a strong secular trend toward an increased number of laws over time. The proportion of younger drivers and the presence of a neighboring state with similar laws were the strongest predictors of first-time law adoption. The predictors of subsequent law adoption included neighbor state adoption and previous legislative action. Alcohol laws were negatively associated with first-time adoption of impaired driving laws, suggesting substitution effects among policy choices. Organizations seeking to stimulate state policy changes may need to craft strategies that engage external actors, such as neighboring states, in addition to mobilizing within-state constituencies.

Diffusion of Impaired Driving Laws Among US States

PubMed Central

Silver, Diana

2015-01-01

Objectives. We examined internal and external determinants of state’s adoption of impaired driving laws. Methods. Data included 7 state-level, evidence-based public health laws collected from 1980 to 2010. We used event history analyses to identify predictors of first-time law adoption and subsequent adoption between state pairs. The independent variables were internal state factors, including the political environment, legislative professionalism, government capacity, state resources, legislative history, and policy-specific risk factors. The external factors were neighboring states’ history of law adoption and changes in federal law. Results. We found a strong secular trend toward an increased number of laws over time. The proportion of younger drivers and the presence of a neighboring state with similar laws were the strongest predictors of first-time law adoption. The predictors of subsequent law adoption included neighbor state adoption and previous legislative action. Alcohol laws were negatively associated with first-time adoption of impaired driving laws, suggesting substitution effects among policy choices. Conclusions. Organizations seeking to stimulate state policy changes may need to craft strategies that engage external actors, such as neighboring states, in addition to mobilizing within-state constituencies. PMID:26180969

50 CFR 665.966 - International law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false International law. 665.966 Section 665... Monument § 665.966 International law. The regulations in this subpart shall be applied in accordance with international law. No restrictions shall apply to or be enforced against a person who is not a citizen, national...

50 CFR 665.966 - International law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false International law. 665.966 Section 665... Monument § 665.966 International law. The regulations in this subpart shall be applied in accordance with international law. No restrictions shall apply to or be enforced against a person who is not a citizen, national...

22 CFR 230.16 - Governing law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Governing law. 230.16 Section 230.16 Foreign... SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS ACT OF 2003, PUB. L. 108-11-STANDARD TERMS AND CONDITIONS § 230.16 Governing law. This Guarantee shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the United States of...

A Course Offering in Jewish Law

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dorff, Elliott N.; Rosett, Arthur L.

1976-01-01

Describes a course taught at the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Law. Content was divided into four segments: an introduction to the literature and a brief history of its development, court procedures, marriage and family law, and commercial law. Origins of the course and problems, especially that of comparing two legal systems…

Can Law Become Curricula's Guidance Counselor?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goslin, Kimberly G.

2008-01-01

This article asserts that curricula, a living text, ought to take into consideration the virtues of fairness, justice, and integrity as found in law, in order to judge controversial issues of curriculum. This assertion is argued through a comparison of jurisprudence and pedagogy, as well as law and curricula. Dworkin's (1986) contention of "law as…

29 CFR 18.302 - Applicability of state law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Applicability of state law. 18.302 Section 18.302 Labor... OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES Rules of Evidence Presumptions § 18.302 Applicability of state law... State law supplies the rule of decision is determined in accordance with State law. Relevancy and Its...

Law Libraries as Special Libraries: An Educational Model.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hazelton, Penny A.

1993-01-01

Summarizes the history of the law library profession and the development of the educational model for law librarians in light of the particular demands and needs of corporate and law firm libraries. Guidelines of the American Association of Law Libraries for graduate programs in law librarianship are discussed. (Contains 17 references.) (LRW)

When Do Laws Matter? National Minimum-Age-of-Marriage Laws, Child Rights, and Adolescent Fertility, 1989–2007

PubMed Central

Kim, Minzee; Longhofer, Wesley; Boyle, Elizabeth Heger; Nyseth, Hollie

2014-01-01

Using the case of adolescent fertility, we ask the questions of whether and when national laws have an effect on outcomes above and beyond the effects of international law and global organizing. To answer these questions, we utilize a fixed-effect time-series regression model to analyze the impact of minimum-age-of-marriage laws in 115 poor- and middle-income countries from 1989 to 2007. We find that countries with strict laws setting the minimum age of marriage at 18 experienced the most dramatic decline in rates of adolescent fertility. Trends in countries that set this age at 18 but allowed exceptions (for example, marriage with parental consent) were indistinguishable from countries that had no such minimum-age-of-marriage law. Thus, policies that adhere strictly to global norms are more likely to elicit desired outcomes. The article concludes with a discussion of what national law means in a diffuse global system where multiple actors and institutions make the independent effect of law difficult to identify. PMID:25525281

Gust alleviation - Criteria and control laws

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rynaski, E. G.

1979-01-01

The relationships between criteria specified for aircraft gust alleviation and the form of the control laws that result from the criteria are considered. Open-loop gust alleviation based on the linearized, small perturbation equations of aircraft motion is discussed, and an approximate solution of the open-loop control law is presented for the case in which the number of degrees of freedom of the aircraft exceeds the rank of the control effectiveness matrix. Excessive actuator lag is compensated for by taking into account actuator dynamics in the equations of motion, resulting in the specification of a general load network. Criteria for gust alleviation when output motions are gust alleviated and the closed-loop control law derived from them are examined and linear optimal control law is derived. Comparisons of the control laws reveal that the effectiveness of an open-loop control law is greatest at low aircraft frequencies but deteriorates as the natural frequency of the actuators is approached, while closed-loop methods are found to be more effective at higher frequencies.

Scaling the Laws of Science.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Richard C.; Jones, Richard N.

1994-01-01

Explores the effects of the square-cube law that predicts the physical consequences of increasing or decreasing an object's size. Uses examples to discuss the economy of scales, common misconceptions, and applications of scaling laws. (JRH)

12 CFR 560.2 - Applicability of law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... purposes of paragraph (a) of this section: (1) Contract and commercial law; (2) Real property law; (3... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Applicability of law. 560.2 Section 560.2 Banks... Applicability of law. (a) Occupation of field. Pursuant to sections 4(a) and 5(a) of the HOLA, 12 U.S.C. 1463(a...

Recommendations for Changes in Laws, Resources and Programs Related to Drug Law Enforcement. Discussion Paper 89-2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matthias, Mary

This document lists recommendations for changes in laws, resources and programs relating to drug law enforcement made to the Wisconsin Special Committee on Drug Law Enforcement, as of August 25, 1989. Some of the recommendations are based on comments of Committee members, rather than persons testifying to the Committee. Each recommendation is…

42 CFR 422.378 - Relationship to State law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Relationship to State law. 422.378 Section 422.378....378 Relationship to State law. (a) Preemption of State law. Any provisions of State law that relate to... it were licensed under State law; (ii) Generally apply to other MA organizations and plans in the...

31 CFR 212.9 - Preemption of State law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Preemption of State law. 212.9 Section... PAYMENTS § 212.9 Preemption of State law. (a) Inconsistent law preempted. Any State or local government law... inconsistency. A State law or regulation is inconsistent with this part if it requires a financial institution...

37 CFR 11.117 - Sale of law practice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Sale of law practice. 11.117... of Professional Conduct Client-Practitioner Relationship § 11.117 Sale of law practice. A practitioner or a law firm may sell or purchase a law practice, or an area of law practice, including good will...

Belgian euthanasia law: a critical analysis.

PubMed

Cohen-Almagor, R

2009-07-01

Some background information about the context of euthanasia in Belgium is presented, and Belgian law on euthanasia and concerns about the law are discussed. Suggestions as to how to improve the Belgian law and practice of euthanasia are made, and Belgian legislators and medical establishment are urged to reflect and ponder so as to prevent potential abuse.

33 CFR 320.3 - Related laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Related laws. 320.3 Section 320.3... REGULATORY POLICIES § 320.3 Related laws. (a) Section 401 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1341) requires... fullest extent possible: (1) The policies, regulations, and public laws of the United States shall be...

Physical Laws for Mechanobiology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Freed, Alan D.

2007-01-01

Higher-level physical laws applicable to biological tissues are presented that will permit the modeling of metabolic activity at the cellular level, including variations in the mass of a tissue. Here the tissue is represented as a fluid/solid mixture, wherein molecular solutes transport within the fluid, and cells can migrate throughout the porous solid. Variations in mass can arise via exchanges in mass between the constituent phases within a control volume such that mass is conserved in the tissue overall. The governing balance laws for mass, momentum, energy, and entropy are a special case of those describing a chemically reacting mixture with diffusion. Thermodynamic constraints on the constitutive structure are addressed. Biophysics; Biomechanics; Brownian motion; Cell migration; Mixture theory; Thermodynamic laws; Tissue mechanics

Feedback control laws for highly maneuverable aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garrard, William L.; Balas, Gary J.

1992-01-01

The results of a study of the application of H infinity and mu synthesis techniques to the design of feedback control laws for the longitudinal dynamics of the High Angle of Attack Research Vehicle (HARV) are presented. The objective of this study is to develop methods for the design of feedback control laws which cause the closed loop longitudinal dynamics of the HARV to meet handling quality specifications over the entire flight envelope. Control law designs are based on models of the HARV linearized at various flight conditions. The control laws are evaluated by both linear and nonlinear simulations of typical maneuvers. The fixed gain control laws resulting from both the H infinity and mu synthesis techniques result in excellent performance even when the aircraft performs maneuvers in which the system states vary significantly from their equilibrium design values. Both the H infinity and mu synthesis control laws result in performance which compares favorably with an existing baseline longitudinal control law.

14 CFR § 1260.59 - Choice of law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Choice of law. § 1260.59 Section § 1260... AGREEMENTS General Special Conditions § 1260.59 Choice of law. Choice of Law October 2000 The rights and... laws of the United States of America. However, it is understood that the laws of the Recipient's...

42 CFR 422.378 - Relationship to State law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Relationship to State law. 422.378 Section 422.378... Relationship to State law. (a) Preemption of State law. Any provisions of State law that relate to the... licensed under State law; (ii) Generally apply to other MA organizations and plans in the State; and (iii...

The significance of Bragg's law in electron diffraction and microscopy, and Bragg's second law.

PubMed

Humphreys, C J

2013-01-01

Bragg's second law, which deserves to be more widely known, is recounted. The significance of Bragg's law in electron diffraction and microscopy is then discussed, with particular emphasis on differences between X-ray and electron diffraction. As an example of such differences, the critical voltage effect in electron diffraction is described. It is then shown that the lattice imaging of crystals in high-resolution electron microscopy directly reveals the Bragg planes used for the imaging process, exactly as visualized by Bragg in his real-space law. Finally, it is shown how in 2012, for the first time, on the centennial anniversary of Bragg's law, single atoms have been identified in an electron microscope using X-rays emitted from the specimen. Hence atomic resolution X-ray maps of a crystal in real space can be formed which give the positions and identities of the different atoms in the crystal, or of a single impurity atom in the crystal.

The brain and the law.

PubMed Central

Chorvat, Terrence; McCabe, Kevin

2004-01-01

Much has been written about how law as an institution has developed to solve many problems that human societies face. Inherent in all of these explanations are models of how humans make decisions. This article discusses what current neuroscience research tells us about the mechanisms of human decision making of particular relevance to law. This research indicates that humans are both more capable of solving many problems than standard economic models predict, but also limited in ways those models ignore. This article discusses how law is both shaped by our cognitive processes and also shapes them. The article considers some of the implications of this research for improving our understanding of how our current legal regimes operate and how the law can be structured to take advantage of our neural mechanisms to improve social welfare. PMID:15590613

Universal mortality law and immortality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Azbel', Mark Ya.

2004-10-01

Well-protected human and laboratory animal populations with abundant resources are evolutionarily unprecedented. Physical approach, which takes advantage of their extensively quantified mortality, establishes that its dominant fraction yields the exact law, which is universal for all animals from yeast to humans. Singularities of the law demonstrate new kinds of stepwise adaptation. The law proves that universal mortality is an evolutionary by-product, which at any given age is reversible, independent of previous life history, and disposable. Life expectancy may be extended, arguably to immortality, by minor biological amendments in the animals. Indeed, in nematodes with a small number of perturbed genes and tissues it increased 6-fold (to 430 years in human terms), with no apparent loss in health and vitality. The law relates universal mortality to specific processes in cells and their genetic regulation.

Laws and Executive Orders | Laws & Regulations | US EPA

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2013-07-18

Lists and links to descriptions of the major laws and executive orders that EPA administers and/or that guide EPA rulemakings, including the Clean Air Act, the Toxic Substance Control Act, CERCLA or Superfund, and the Clean Water Act.

Social-ecological resilience and law

USGS Publications Warehouse

Garmestani, Ahjond S.; Allen, Craig R.

2014-01-01

Environmental law envisions ecological systems as existing in an equilibrium state, reinforcing a rigid legal framework unable to absorb rapid environmental changes and innovations in sustainability. For the past four decades, “resilience theory,” which embraces uncertainty and nonlinear dynamics in complex adaptive systems, has provided a robust, invaluable foundation for sound environmental management. Reforming American law to incorporate this knowledge is the key to sustainability. This volume features top legal and resilience scholars speaking on resilience theory and its legal applications to climate change, biodiversity, national parks, and water law.

Summary of state speed laws

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-04-01

This summary reports only the status of State statutes or regulations that are concerned with either speed limit or speed-related violations. Local laws are not reported. Unless otherwise indicated, the status of the State laws or regulations reporte...

Summary of state speed laws

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-08-01

This summary reports only the status of State statutes or regulations that are concerned with either speed limit or speed-related violations. Local laws are not reported. Unless otherwise indicated, the status of the State laws or regulations reporte...

Fractional power-law spatial dispersion in electrodynamics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tarasov, Vasily E., E-mail: tarasov@theory.sinp.msu.ru; Departamento de Análisis Matemático, Universidad de La Laguna, 38271 La Laguna, Tenerife; Trujillo, Juan J., E-mail: jtrujill@ullmat.es

2013-07-15

Electric fields in non-local media with power-law spatial dispersion are discussed. Equations involving a fractional Laplacian in the Riesz form that describe the electric fields in such non-local media are studied. The generalizations of Coulomb’s law and Debye’s screening for power-law non-local media are characterized. We consider simple models with anomalous behavior of plasma-like media with power-law spatial dispersions. The suggested fractional differential models for these plasma-like media are discussed to describe non-local properties of power-law type. -- Highlights: •Plasma-like non-local media with power-law spatial dispersion. •Fractional differential equations for electric fields in the media. •The generalizations of Coulomb’s lawmore » and Debye’s screening for the media.« less

5 CFR 2421.10 - Chief Administrative Law Judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Chief Administrative Law Judge. 2421.10... § 2421.10 Chief Administrative Law Judge. Chief Administrative Law Judge means the Chief Administrative Law Judge of the Authority. ...

The Louisiana State University Law Center's Bijural Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Costonis, John J.

2002-01-01

Describes the bijural program of Louisiana State University Law Center. The program educates all first-degree law students in both the common law and civil law traditions, preparing them for the increasing globalization of legal practice. (EV)

Sexual Orientation in State Hate Crime Laws: Exploring Social Construction and Criminal Law.

PubMed

Valcore, Jace L

2017-09-15

Several studies have described and analyzed the development and diffusion of hate crime laws in the United States, but none specifically examined state-level differences in protected categories. Forty-five of the 50 states have a hate crime statute, but only 30 of those include sexual orientation. In this study the social construction framework is applied to the hate crime policy domain in order to determine whether or not variations in the social and political status of gays and lesbians are associated with the inclusion of sexual orientation in state hate crime laws. Content analysis of daily newspapers in six states revealed that a positive social construction is associated with groups seeking hate crime law protections, and that political influence may also be a key factor.

McGill's Integrated Civil and Common Law Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morissette, Yves-Marie

2002-01-01

Describes the bijural program of McGill University Faculty of Law. The program educates all first-degree law students in both the common law and civil law traditions, preparing them for the increasing globalization of legal practice. (EV)

Outer space law: A problem of astronautics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mandl, V.

1984-01-01

The theory of space law is discussed from the point of view of similarities and differences between hypothetical space law and current (1932) aviation law. International legal aspects and economic and cultural effects are also addressed.

Health Law 2015: Individuals and Populations.

PubMed

Jacobson, Peter D; Dahlen, Rachel

2016-12-01

In this article, we assess two particular trends in judicial doctrine that are likely to emerge in the post-ACA era. The first trend is the inevitable emergence of enterprise medical liability (EML) that will supplant tort law's unstable attempt to apportion liability between physicians and institutions. Arguments favoring EML in health law date back to the early 1980s. But health care's ongoing consolidation suggests that the time has arrived for courts or state legislatures to develop legal doctrine that more closely resembles the ways in which health care is now delivered. This would result in a more appropriate allocation of liability to the institutional level. The second judicial trend will be the convergence of health law and public health law concepts. Because the ACA arguably stimulates closer engagement between health systems and public health departments, health systems will have greater responsibility for keeping their communities healthy along with obligations for individual patient care (i.e., individuals and populations). If so, courts will need to incorporate elements from health law and public health law in resolving disputes. Copyright © 2016 by Duke University Press.

Some of Indonesian Cyber Law Problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Machmuddin, D. D.; Pratama, B.

2017-01-01

Cyber regulation is very important to control human interaction within the Internet network in cyber space. On the surface, innovation development in science and technology facilitates human activity. But on the inside, innovation was controlled by new business model. In cyber business activities mingle with individual protection. By this condition, the law should keep the balance of the activities. Cyber law problems, were not particular country concern, but its global concern. This is a good opportunity for developing country to catch up with developed country. Beside this opportunity for talented people in law and technology is become necessity. This paper tries to describe cyber law in Indonesia. As a product of a developing country there are some of weakness that can be explained. Terminology and territory of cyber space is become interesting to discuss, because this two problems can give a broad view on cyber law in Indonesia.

An alternative to Zoe's Law.

PubMed

Dalmau, James

2015-03-01

Under the criminal law of New South Wales, the destruction of a foetus (other than in the course of a medical procedure) constitutes grievous bodily harm to the pregnant woman. Charges can be laid for offences against the woman, but not against the foetus. Many are dissatisfied with this. The Crimes Amendment (Zoe's Law) Bill 2013 (No 2) (NSW) aimed to change this by providing that a foetus is taken to be a living person for the purposes of certain offences. The Bill was strongly opposed on the basis that according personhood to a foetus in this way will have undesirable consequences that could erode the reproductive rights of women. The public debate over how the criminal law addresses the destruction of a foetus has centred on Zoe's Law. This article proposes an alternative amendment. that aims, to accommodate the concerns of the Bill's supporters and its detractors.

Zeroth Law, Entropy, Equilibrium, and All That

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Canagaratna, Sebastian G.

2008-05-01

The place of the zeroth law in the teaching of thermodynamics is examined in the context of the recent discussion by Gislason and Craig of some problems involving the establishment of thermal equilibrium. The concept of thermal equilibrium is introduced through the zeroth law. The relation between the zeroth law and the second law in the traditional approach to thermodynamics is discussed. It is shown that the traditional approach does not need to appeal to the second law to solve with rigor the type of problems discussed by Gislason and Craig: in problems not involving chemical reaction, the zeroth law and the condition for mechanical equilibrium, complemented by the first law and any necessary equations of state, are sufficient to determine the final state. We have to invoke the second law only if we wish to calculate the change of entropy. Since most students are exposed to a traditional approach to thermodynamics, the examples of Gislason and Craig are re-examined in terms of the traditional formulation. The maximization of the entropy in the final state can be verified in the traditional approach quite directly by the use of the fundamental equations of thermodynamics. This approach uses relatively simple mathematics in as general a setting as possible.

42 CFR 422.402 - Federal preemption of State law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Federal preemption of State law. 422.402 Section... State Law and Preemption by Federal Law § 422.402 Federal preemption of State law. The standards established under this part supersede any State law or regulation (other than State licensing laws or State...

Hyperbolic conservation laws and numerical methods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leveque, Randall J.

1990-01-01

The mathematical structure of hyperbolic systems and the scalar equation case of conservation laws are discussed. Linear, nonlinear systems and the Riemann problem for the Euler equations are also studied. The numerical methods for conservation laws are presented in a nonstandard manner which leads to large time steps generalizations and computations on irregular grids. The solution of conservation laws with stiff source terms is examined.

Government 101: how an idea becomes law.

PubMed

Griffith, James T

2006-01-01

The passing of a law is frequently accompanied by media attention and citizen apathy. In today's healthcare delivery situation, we should understand how a bill becomes law and what happens to the idea that engenders that process. Laws arise from the recommendations of ordinary citizens, but the recommendations follow a complicated process developed by the writers of our constitution to prevent abuses. Laws begin as ideas, they become bills considered by the legislature, they are expanded and enforced by the executive branch, and they are further interpreted by the judiciary branch. The laws governing healthcare issues are particularly complex, as most arise from the state legislatures.

[Medicine aboard cruise ships--law insurance specifics].

PubMed

Ottomann, C; Frenzel, R; Muehlberger, T

2013-04-01

The booming cruise industry, associated with ships with more passengers and crew on board, results in growing medical needs for the ship doctor. The ship's doctor insurance policy includes different jurisdictions, namely national law, international law, tort law, insurance law and labor law. In addition, international agreements must be taken into account, which complicates the design of an adequate insurance policy. Equally high are the costs and defense costs for the ship's doctor in case of liability. In order to limit the liability for all parties is to ask for appropriately qualified medical staff, hired on board. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

43 CFR 6304.10 - Mining law administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Mining law administration. 6304.10 Section 6304.10 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND... Laws § 6304.10 Mining law administration. ...

31 CFR 8.42 - Practice of law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Practice of law. 8.42 Section 8.42... ALCOHOL, TOBACCO AND FIREARMS Duties and Restrictions Relating to Practice § 8.42 Practice of law. Nothing... practice law. ...

43 CFR 6304.10 - Mining law administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Mining law administration. 6304.10 Section... WILDERNESS AREAS Uses Addressed in Special Provisions of the Wilderness Act Mining Under the General Mining Laws § 6304.10 Mining law administration. ...

Effects of seatbelt laws on highway fatalities

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1989-11-01

The statistical models used in this update indicate that states : which have a seatbelt law have experienced on average a 7.7 : percent reduction in frontseat occupant fatalities in vehicles : generally covered by laws. That is, on average in any law...

The scope of Baker's law.

PubMed

Pannell, John R; Auld, Josh R; Brandvain, Yaniv; Burd, Martin; Busch, Jeremiah W; Cheptou, Pierre-Olivier; Conner, Jeffrey K; Goldberg, Emma E; Grant, Alannie-Grace; Grossenbacher, Dena L; Hovick, Stephen M; Igic, Boris; Kalisz, Susan; Petanidou, Theodora; Randle, April M; de Casas, Rafael Rubio; Pauw, Anton; Vamosi, Jana C; Winn, Alice A

2015-11-01

Baker's law refers to the tendency for species that establish on islands by long-distance dispersal to show an increased capacity for self-fertilization because of the advantage of self-compatibility when colonizing new habitat. Despite its intuitive appeal and broad empirical support, it has received substantial criticism over the years since it was proclaimed in the 1950s, not least because it seemed to be contradicted by the high frequency of dioecy on islands. Recent theoretical work has again questioned the generality and scope of Baker's law. Here, we attempt to discern where the idea is useful to apply and where it is not. We conclude that several of the perceived problems with Baker's law fall away when a narrower perspective is adopted on how it should be circumscribed. We emphasize that Baker's law should be read in terms of an enrichment of a capacity for uniparental reproduction in colonizing situations, rather than of high selfing rates. We suggest that Baker's law might be tested in four different contexts, which set the breadth of its scope: the colonization of oceanic islands, metapopulation dynamics with recurrent colonization, range expansions with recurrent colonization, and colonization through species invasions. © 2015 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2015 New Phytologist Trust.

22 CFR 1421.9 - Chief Administrative Law Judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Chief Administrative Law Judge. 1421.9 Section... OF TERMS AS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 1421.9 Chief Administrative Law Judge. Chief Administrative Law Judge means the Chief Administrative Law Judge of the Authority. ...

Assessing the Impact of Twenty Underage Drinking Laws.

PubMed

Fell, James C; Scherer, Michael; Thomas, Sue; Voas, Robert B

2016-03-01

Over the last two decades, many states have adopted several of the 20 laws that aim to control youth access to and possession of alcohol and prevent underage drinking in the United States. However, many of these laws have not been evaluated since their adoption. The objective of this study was to determine which minimum legal drinking age 21 (MLDA-21) laws currently have an effect on underage drinking-and-driving fatal crashes. We updated the effective dates of the 20 MLDA-21 laws examined in this study and used scores of each law's strengths and weaknesses. Our structural equation model included the 20 MLDA-21 laws, impaired driving laws, seat belt safety laws, economic strength, driving exposure, beer consumption, and fatal crash ratios of drinking-to-nondrinking drivers under age 21. Nine MLDA-21 laws were associated with significant decreases in fatal crash ratios of underage drinking drivers: possession of alcohol (-7.7%), purchase of alcohol (-4.2%), use alcohol and lose your license (-7.9%), zero tolerance .02 blood alcohol concentration limit for underage drivers (-2.9%), age of bartender ≥21 (-4.1%), state responsible beverage service program (-3.8%), fake identification support provisions for retailers (-11.9%), dram shop liability (-2.5%), and social host civil liability (-1.7%). Two laws were associated with significant increases in the fatal crash ratios of underage drinking drivers: prohibition of furnishing alcohol to minors (+7.2%) and registration of beer kegs (+9.6%). The nine effective MLDA-21 laws are estimated to be currently saving approximately 1,135 lives annually, yet only five states have enacted all nine laws. If all states adopted these nine effective MLDA-21 laws, it is estimated that an additional 210 lives could be saved every year.

New Technologies, New Problems, New Laws.

PubMed

Recupero, Patricia R

2016-09-01

Forensic psychiatrists in the 21st century can expect to encounter technology-related social problems for which existing legal remedies are limited. In addition to the inadequate protection of adolescents using social media as outlined by Costello et al., current laws are often poorly suited to remedy problems such as cyberharassment, sexting among minors, and the publication of threatening or harmful communications online. Throughout history, technological developments have often preceded the introduction of new laws or the careful revision of existing laws. This pattern is evident in many of the newer social problems that involve technology, including cyberbullying, online impersonation, and revenge porn. As specialists working at the intersection of human behavior and the law, forensic psychiatrists are uniquely situated to help legal professionals and others understand the impact of internet-related problematic behaviors on victims and, perhaps, to assist in the development of new legal remedies that are better tailored to our increasingly digital society. © 2016 American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law.

Power-law regularities in human language

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mehri, Ali; Lashkari, Sahar Mohammadpour

2016-11-01

Complex structure of human language enables us to exchange very complicated information. This communication system obeys some common nonlinear statistical regularities. We investigate four important long-range features of human language. We perform our calculations for adopted works of seven famous litterateurs. Zipf's law and Heaps' law, which imply well-known power-law behaviors, are established in human language, showing a qualitative inverse relation with each other. Furthermore, the informational content associated with the words ordering, is measured by using an entropic metric. We also calculate fractal dimension of words in the text by using box counting method. The fractal dimension of each word, that is a positive value less than or equal to one, exhibits its spatial distribution in the text. Generally, we can claim that the Human language follows the mentioned power-law regularities. Power-law relations imply the existence of long-range correlations between the word types, to convey an especial idea.

To Promote the General Welfare: The Purpose of Law. Law in Social Studies Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Suter, Coral; Croddy, Marshall

This student booklet is part of a curriculum designed for infusion into secondary U.S. history courses to help students explore the purposes of American law. The booklet contains student readings and discussion questions and suggests learning activities. There are five units. Unit 1, "Law in a New World," examines processes used to make…

76 FR 4369 - Special Law Enforcement Commissions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-25

... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Indian Affairs Special Law Enforcement Commissions AGENCY... of the Interim Special Law Enforcement Commission Policy, Rules and Procedures, the Interim Special Law Enforcement Commission Protocols and the Interim Domestic Violence Waiver that will be used by the...

Paschen's law studies in cold gases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Massarczyk, R.; Chu, P.; Dugger, C.; Elliott, S. R.; Rielage, K.; Xu, W.

2017-06-01

The break-through voltage behavior over small gaps has been investigated for differing gap distances, gas pressures, and gas temperatures in nitrogen, neon, argon and xenon gases. A deviation from Paschen's law at micro gap distances has been found. At lower temperatures, a significant shift of the curve relative to the results at room temperature was observed. This behavior can be explained by combining Paschen's law and the ideal gas law.

7 CFR 766.155 - Conflict with State law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Conflict with State law. 766.155 Section 766.155... with State law. If there is a conflict between a borrower's homestead protection rights and any provisions of State law relating to redemption rights, the State law prevails. ...

Surface conservation laws at microscopically diffuse interfaces.

PubMed

Chu, Kevin T; Bazant, Martin Z

2007-11-01

In studies of interfaces with dynamic chemical composition, bulk and interfacial quantities are often coupled via surface conservation laws of excess surface quantities. While this approach is easily justified for microscopically sharp interfaces, its applicability in the context of microscopically diffuse interfaces is less theoretically well-established. Furthermore, surface conservation laws (and interfacial models in general) are often derived phenomenologically rather than systematically. In this article, we first provide a mathematically rigorous justification for surface conservation laws at diffuse interfaces based on an asymptotic analysis of transport processes in the boundary layer and derive general formulae for the surface and normal fluxes that appear in surface conservation laws. Next, we use nonequilibrium thermodynamics to formulate surface conservation laws in terms of chemical potentials and provide a method for systematically deriving the structure of the interfacial layer. Finally, we derive surface conservation laws for a few examples from diffusive and electrochemical transport.

Archie's law - a reappraisal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glover, Paul W. J.

2016-07-01

When scientists apply Archie's first law they often include an extra parameter a, which was introduced about 10 years after the equation's first publication by Winsauer et al. (1952), and which is sometimes called the "tortuosity" or "lithology" parameter. This parameter is not, however, theoretically justified. Paradoxically, the Winsauer et al. (1952) form of Archie's law often performs better than the original, more theoretically correct version. The difference in the cementation exponent calculated from these two forms of Archie's law is important, and can lead to a misestimation of reserves by at least 20 % for typical reservoir parameter values. We have examined the apparent paradox, and conclude that while the theoretical form of the law is correct, the data that we have been analysing with Archie's law have been in error. There are at least three types of systematic error that are present in most measurements: (i) a porosity error, (ii) a pore fluid salinity error, and (iii) a temperature error. Each of these systematic errors is sufficient to ensure that a non-unity value of the parameter a is required in order to fit the electrical data well. Fortunately, the inclusion of this parameter in the fit has compensated for the presence of the systematic errors in the electrical and porosity data, leading to a value of cementation exponent that is correct. The exceptions are those cementation exponents that have been calculated for individual core plugs. We make a number of recommendations for reducing the systematic errors that contribute to the problem and suggest that the value of the parameter a may now be used as an indication of data quality.

Research on the Legislation of Chinese Space Laws

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Dongwen

2002-01-01

1 Need and necessity for the legislation of Chinese space activities --Complying with UN treaties and principles on outer space --Adapting to the requirements of market economy --Promoting the further development of Chinese space activities --Developing international space cooperation 2 Research method for legislation of Chinese space activities The research method is ROCCIPI. This method was introduced into China with the project "Legislation Supports Economy Reform" supported by the UN Office of Development Planning - By analyzing the correlations among the seven factors: Rule, Opportunity, Capacity, Communication, Interest, Process and Ideology, the optimal legal measures can be found . Such analysis and research works on the master law of Chinese space activities have been made in the paper. 3 Research of international treaties &principles on outer space, and of national space laws of other countries. Studies have been made in this paper on many aspects of international outer space laws, such as framework, development stage, current characteristics, new problems will be faced with in new century, and development tendency in the future, etc. Based on the investigation and study of national space laws of other countries, analyses and researches on national space law have been made in the paper from some aspects, such as legislative purpose, legislative aim, legislative form, legislative content and etc, and some enlightenments, which can be used for reference in the legislation of Chinese Space Laws, are found. 4 Framework of Chinese Space Laws The jurisdiction of Chinese Space Laws lies in three areas: space technology - space applications and space science. Chinese Space Laws are divided into 3 levels: Master law, Administration Regulations of the State Council of the P.R.C, Rules of governmental sectors. 5 Conclusions and Suggestions --The legislation of Chinese Space Activities should be strengthened --More attentions should be paid to the research work in

Justice foundations for the Comprehensive Law Movement.

PubMed

Dewhurst, Dale

2010-01-01

Authors examining the developing dispute resolution alternatives to the adversarial system have identified nine converging "vectors" or alternatives in what has been termed the Comprehensive Law Movement. These authors have sought to understand how the developing vectors can remain separate and vibrant movements while sharing common ground. Some analyze these developments as being within law and legal practice, others see them as alternative approaches to law, and still others take a combined approach. It will be impossible to understand how these vectors have meaningful differences from law and legal practice if the search is limited to looking within law and legal practice. It will be impossible to understand how these vectors have meaningful commonalities with law and legal practice if the search is limited to looking external to law and legal practice. Instead of comparing the vectors with the adversarial system, higher order criteria are required. What is needed is a comprehensive and internally consistent super-system of norms; one that can be used to evaluate the adversarial system and the evolving vectors on an equal footing. An Aristotelian natural law virtue theory of justice can: (a) provide a functional guiding definition of justice; (b) serve as a comprehensive and internally consistent super-system of norms; and (c) provide the theoretical and evaluative foundation required to clarify the relationships among the adversarial system and the developing vectors. Finally, it will become clear why the Comprehensive Law Movement might be more appropriately conceptualized as the Comprehensive Justice Movement. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Supreme Court strikes down Montana's sodomy law.

PubMed

1997-08-08

The Montana Supreme Court struck down the State's sodomy law and ruled that the law violates the State constitutional right to privacy. Until this ruling, all homosexual relations were labeled deviate sexual conduct, punishable by a $50,000 fine and 10 years in prison. No one had been prosecuted under the law since it was enacted in 1973, but its existence placed gay men and lesbians at risk of prosecution. The high court was not persuaded by the State's argument that the sodomy law was permissible because it prevented HIV infection and preserved public morality, largely because the law was enacted a decade before the first case of AIDS was reported in Montana.

Integrated structure/control law design by multilevel optimization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gilbert, Michael G.; Schmidt, David K.

1989-01-01

A new approach to integrated structure/control law design based on multilevel optimization is presented. This new approach is applicable to aircraft and spacecraft and allows for the independent design of the structure and control law. Integration of the designs is achieved through use of an upper level coordination problem formulation within the multilevel optimization framework. The method requires the use of structure and control law design sensitivity information. A general multilevel structure/control law design problem formulation is given, and the use of Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control law design and design sensitivity methods within the formulation is illustrated. Results of three simple integrated structure/control law design examples are presented. These results show the capability of structure and control law design tradeoffs to improve controlled system performance within the multilevel approach.

43 CFR 422.3 - Reclamation law enforcement policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Reclamation law enforcement policy. 422.3..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITY AT BUREAU OF RECLAMATION PROJECTS § 422.3 Reclamation law enforcement policy. The law enforcement policy of Reclamation is: (a) To maintain an accountable...

43 CFR 422.3 - Reclamation law enforcement policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Reclamation law enforcement policy. 422.3..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITY AT BUREAU OF RECLAMATION PROJECTS § 422.3 Reclamation law enforcement policy. The law enforcement policy of Reclamation is: (a) To maintain an accountable...

20 CFR 655.1035 - Administrative law judge proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Administrative law judge proceedings. 655... Attestations Filed by Employers Utilizing F-1 Students in Off-Campus Work § 655.1035 Administrative law judge....1020 of this part, the Chief Administrative Law Judge shall promptly appoint an administrative law...

43 CFR 422.3 - Reclamation law enforcement policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Reclamation law enforcement policy. 422.3..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITY AT BUREAU OF RECLAMATION PROJECTS § 422.3 Reclamation law enforcement policy. The law enforcement policy of Reclamation is: (a) To maintain an accountable...

20 CFR 655.645 - Administrative law judge proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Administrative law judge proceedings. 655.645... Alien Crewmembers for Longshore Activities in U.S. Ports § 655.645 Administrative law judge proceedings... of this part, the Chief Administrative Law Judge shall promptly appoint an administrative law judge...

20 CFR 655.1035 - Administrative law judge proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Administrative law judge proceedings. 655... Attestations Filed by Employers Utilizing F-1 Students in Off-Campus Work § 655.1035 Administrative law judge....1020 of this part, the Chief Administrative Law Judge shall promptly appoint an administrative law...

50 CFR 665.2 - Relation to other laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Relation to other laws. 665.2 Section 665.2 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC... other laws. NMFS recognizes that any state law pertaining to vessels registered under the laws of that...

50 CFR 660.2 - Relation to other laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Relation to other laws. 660.2 Section 660.2 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC... other laws. (a) NMFS recognizes that any state law pertaining to vessels registered under the laws of...

20 CFR 655.645 - Administrative law judge proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Administrative law judge proceedings. 655.645... Alien Crewmembers for Longshore Activities in U.S. Ports § 655.645 Administrative law judge proceedings... of this part, the Chief Administrative Law Judge shall promptly appoint an administrative law judge...

31 CFR 10.32 - Practice of law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Practice of law. 10.32 Section 10.32... of law. Nothing in the regulations in this part may be construed as authorizing persons not members of the bar to practice law. ...

In-law Relationships Before and After Marriage

PubMed Central

Fingerman, Karen L.; Gilligan, Megan; VanderDrift, Laura; Pitzer, Lindsay

2013-01-01

Relationships with in-laws play an important role in individuals’ lives, but we do not know how these ties are formed. We considered two pathways through which early relationships with mothers-in-laws may affect subsequent in-law relationship qualities: a) dimensions of the early relationship and, b) beliefs and expectations of the future relationship. Sixty men and women engaged to be married and their mothers (N = 240) completed interviews prior to, and 6 to 8 months following the wedding. Measures at Time 1 assessed three dimensions of the in-law relationship: a) behavioral (contact by phone, in person), b) emotional (positive and negative relationship qualities), and c) cognitive (knowledge about the other person). Participants also described positive and negative expectations of their future tie. Multilevel models revealed that dimensions of the tie prior to the marriage were associated with post-wedding in-law relationship qualities. When the parties had individual contact with one another and positive feelings before the wedding, ties were stronger following the wedding. Data from open-ended descriptions of negative expectations obtained before the wedding predicted negative relationship qualities after the wedding. Husbands, wives, and mothers-in-law showed similar patterns with regard to relationship qualities. Discussion focuses on the role of early emotional qualities of the in-law tie for subsequent in-law relationships. PMID:23794954

Lawful Inspections.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sikora, Vincent A.

1979-01-01

The sanitarian often spends much of his working day performing, reviewing, or supervising inspections. It is important that the sanitarian realize the legal implications of inspections and be prepared to perform them in accordance with the law. (RE)

State Indoor Tanning Laws and Adolescent Indoor Tanning

PubMed Central

Guy, Gery P.; Berkowitz, Zahava; Jones, Sherry Everett; O’Malley Olsen, Emily; Miyamoto, Justin N.; Michael, Shannon L.; Saraiya, Mona

2014-01-01

Objectives. Recently, several state indoor tanning laws, including age restrictions, were promulgated to reduce indoor tanning among minors. We examined the effects of these laws on adolescent indoor tanning. Methods. We used nationally representative data from the 2009 and 2011 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (n = 31 835). Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined the association between state indoor tanning laws and indoor tanning among US high school students. Results. Female students in states with indoor tanning laws were less likely to engage in indoor tanning than those in states without any laws. We observed a stronger association among female students in states with systems access, parental permission, and age restriction laws than among those in states without any laws. We found no significant association among female students in states with only systems access and parental permission laws or among male students. Conclusions. Indoor tanning laws, particularly those including age restrictions, may be effective in reducing indoor tanning among female high school students, for whom rates are the highest. Such reductions have the potential to reduce the health and economic burden of skin cancer. PMID:24524515

The Trials of Culture--Law, Conflict, and Change.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bliss, Pam, Ed.; Kaplan, Howard, Ed.

2002-01-01

This magazine aims to help high school teachers of civics, government, history, and law and law-related education program developers educate students about legal issues. This volume focuses on culture, law, conflict, and change. The first article, "Trying Beliefs: The Law of Cultural Orthodoxy and Dissent" (J. H. Landman), demonstrates…

46 CFR 4.03-55 - Law enforcement officer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Law enforcement officer. 4.03-55 Section 4.03-55... AND INVESTIGATIONS Definitions § 4.03-55 Law enforcement officer. Law enforcement officer means a Coast Guard commissioned, warrant or petty officer; or any other law enforcement officer authorized to...

12 CFR 615.5453 - Law governing other interests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Law governing other interests. 615.5453 Section... § 615.5453 Law governing other interests. (a) To the extent not inconsistent with these regulations, the law (not including the conflict-of-law rules) of a securities intermediary's jurisdiction governs: (1...

46 CFR 4.03-55 - Law enforcement officer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Law enforcement officer. 4.03-55 Section 4.03-55... AND INVESTIGATIONS Definitions § 4.03-55 Law enforcement officer. Law enforcement officer means a Coast Guard commissioned, warrant or petty officer; or any other law enforcement officer authorized to...

46 CFR 4.03-55 - Law enforcement officer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Law enforcement officer. 4.03-55 Section 4.03-55... AND INVESTIGATIONS Definitions § 4.03-55 Law enforcement officer. Law enforcement officer means a Coast Guard commissioned, warrant or petty officer; or any other law enforcement officer authorized to...

37 CFR 11.505 - Unauthorized practice of law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Unauthorized practice of law... Rules of Professional Conduct Law Firms and Associations § 11.505 Unauthorized practice of law. A practitioner shall not practice law in a jurisdiction in violation of the regulation of the legal profession in...

46 CFR 4.03-55 - Law enforcement officer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Law enforcement officer. 4.03-55 Section 4.03-55... AND INVESTIGATIONS Definitions § 4.03-55 Law enforcement officer. Law enforcement officer means a Coast Guard commissioned, warrant or petty officer; or any other law enforcement officer authorized to...

45 CFR 152.40 - Relation to State laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Relation to State laws. 152.40 Section 152.40...-EXISTING CONDITION INSURANCE PLAN PROGRAM Relationship to Existing Laws and Programs § 152.40 Relation to State laws. The standards established under this section shall supersede any State law or regulation...

50 CFR 38.8 - Consistency with Federal law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Consistency with Federal law. 38.8 Section... Consistency with Federal law. Any provisions of the laws of the State of Hawaii, as they now appear or as they... are not in conflict with any applicable Federal law or regulation. ...

42 CFR 422.378 - Relationship to State law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Relationship to State law. 422.378 Section 422.378 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... Relationship to State law. (a) Preemption of State law. Any provisions of State law that relate to the...

20 CFR 401.155 - Law enforcement purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Law enforcement purposes. 401.155 Section 401... INFORMATION Disclosure of Official Records and Information § 401.155 Law enforcement purposes. (a) General. The Privacy Act allows us to disclose information for law enforcement purposes under certain...

Empirical and Theoretical Bases of Zipf's Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wyllys, Ronald E.

1981-01-01

Explains Zipf's Law of Vocabulary Distribution (i.e., relationship between frequency of a word in a corpus and its rank), noting the discovery of the law, alternative forms, and literature relating to the search for a rationale for Zipf's Law. Thirty-eight references are cited. (EJS)

20 CFR 222.13 - Common-law marriage relationship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS Relationship as Wife, Husband, or Widow(er) § 222.13 Common-law marriage relationship. Under the laws of some States, a common-law marriage is one which is not solemnized in a formal... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Common-law marriage relationship. 222.13...

20 CFR 222.13 - Common-law marriage relationship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS Relationship as Wife, Husband, or Widow(er) § 222.13 Common-law marriage relationship. Under the laws of some States, a common-law marriage is one which is not solemnized in a formal... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true Common-law marriage relationship. 222.13...

20 CFR 222.13 - Common-law marriage relationship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS Relationship as Wife, Husband, or Widow(er) § 222.13 Common-law marriage relationship. Under the laws of some States, a common-law marriage is one which is not solemnized in a formal... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Common-law marriage relationship. 222.13...

20 CFR 222.13 - Common-law marriage relationship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS Relationship as Wife, Husband, or Widow(er) § 222.13 Common-law marriage relationship. Under the laws of some States, a common-law marriage is one which is not solemnized in a formal... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2014-04-01 2012-04-01 true Common-law marriage relationship. 222.13...

12 CFR 1270.13 - Law governing other interests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Law governing other interests. 1270.13 Section... Procedure for Consolidated Obligations § 1270.13 Law governing other interests. (a) To the extent not inconsistent with this part 1270, the law (not including the conflict-of-law rules) of a Securities...

17 CFR 160.17 - Relation to state laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Relation to state laws. 160.17... FINANCIAL INFORMATION Relation to Other Laws; Effective Date § 160.17 Relation to state laws. (a) In general... the inconsistency. (b) Greater protection under state law. For purposes of this section, a state...

24 CFR 291.520 - Eligible law enforcement officers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Eligible law enforcement officers... Neighbor Next Door Sales Program § 291.520 Eligible law enforcement officers. A person qualifies as a law... law enforcement agency of the federal government, a state, a unit of general local government, or an...

12 CFR 1511.3 - Law governing other interests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Law governing other interests. 1511.3 Section... § 1511.3 Law governing other interests. (a) To the extent not inconsistent with the regulations in this part, the law (not including the conflict-of-law rules) of a Securities Intermediary's jurisdiction...

20 CFR 655.435 - Administrative law judge proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Administrative law judge proceedings. 655.435... law judge proceedings. (a) Upon receipt of a timely request for a hearing filed pursuant to and in accordance with § 655.420, the Chief Administrative Law Judge shall appoint an administrative law judge to...

20 CFR 655.435 - Administrative law judge proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Administrative law judge proceedings. 655.435... law judge proceedings. (a) Upon receipt of a timely request for a hearing filed pursuant to and in accordance with § 655.420, the Chief Administrative Law Judge shall appoint an administrative law judge to...

17 CFR 248.17 - Relation to State laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Relation to State laws. 248.17... Information Relation to Other Laws; Effective Date § 248.17 Relation to State laws. (a) In general. This... inconsistency. (b) Greater protection under State law. For purposes of this section, a State statute, regulation...

31 CFR 212.9 - Preemption of State law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Preemption of State law. 212.9 Section 212.9 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE... PAYMENTS § 212.9 Preemption of State law. (a) Inconsistent law preempted. Any State or local government law...

20 CFR 222.13 - Common-law marriage relationship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Common-law marriage relationship. 222.13... FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS Relationship as Wife, Husband, or Widow(er) § 222.13 Common-law marriage relationship. Under the laws of some States, a common-law marriage is one which is not solemnized in a formal...

25 CFR 11.1003 - Law enforcement officer's duties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Law enforcement officer's duties. 11.1003 Section 11.1003... LAW AND ORDER CODE Juvenile Offender Procedure § 11.1003 Law enforcement officer's duties. A law... verbal advice or warning as may be appropriate, unless shelter care or detention is necessary. (c) If the...

Zipf's Law in Gene Expression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Furusawa, Chikara; Kaneko, Kunihiko

2003-02-01

Using data from gene expression databases on various organisms and tissues, including yeast, nematodes, human normal and cancer tissues, and embryonic stem cells, we found that the abundances of expressed genes exhibit a power-law distribution with an exponent close to -1; i.e., they obey Zipf’s law. Furthermore, by simulations of a simple model with an intracellular reaction network, we found that Zipf’s law of chemical abundance is a universal feature of cells where such a network optimizes the efficiency and faithfulness of self-reproduction. These findings provide novel insights into the nature of the organization of reaction dynamics in living cells.

Antidote: Civic Responsibility. Maine Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity International, Washington, DC.

Designed for middle school through high school students, this unit contains eight lesson plans that focus on Maine state law. The state lessons correspond to lessons in the volume, "Antidote: Civic Responsibility. Drug Avoidance Lessons for Middle School & High School Students." Developed to be presented by educators, law student, or…

Antidote: Civic Responsibility. Illinois Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity International, Washington, DC.

Designed for middle school through high school students, this unit contains eight lesson plans that focus on Illinois state law. The state lessons correspond to lessons in the volume, "Antidote: Civic Responsibility. Drug Avoidance Lessons for Middle School & High School Students." Developed to be presented by educators, law student,…

Antidote: Civic Responsibility. Alaska Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity International, Washington, DC.

Designed for middle school through high school students, this unit contains eight lesson plans that focus on Alaska state law. The state lessons correspond to lessons in the volume, "Antidote: Civic Responsibility. Drug Avoidance Lessons for Middle School & High School Students." Developed to be presented by educators, law student,…

Social Change and Criminal Law

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jeffery, C. Ray

1970-01-01

The impact of urbanization on criminal law and the extension of law into the area of morality (value systems) are discussed in terms of social control via punishment and deterrence. The impact of the social sciences (psychotherapy, sociology, behavioral science) is covered in terms of social control via rehabilitation and environmental…

24 CFR 1720.145 - Disqualification of administrative law judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... may file with the administrative law judge a motion that the administrative law judge be disqualified... law judge. 1720.145 Section 1720.145 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and... administrative law judge. (a) When an administrative law judge feels disqualified from presiding in a particular...

32 CFR 1602.21 - Selective Service Law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Selective Service Law. 1602.21 Section 1602.21 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM DEFINITIONS § 1602.21 Selective Service Law. The term Selective Service Law includes the Military Selective Service Act...

50 CFR 10.3 - Other applicable laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Other applicable laws. 10.3 Section 10.3... GENERAL PROVISIONS Introduction § 10.3 Other applicable laws. No statute or regulation of any State shall..., or customs laws or regulations, or other Service enforced statutes or regulations. ...

50 CFR 10.3 - Other applicable laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Other applicable laws. 10.3 Section 10.3... GENERAL PROVISIONS Introduction § 10.3 Other applicable laws. No statute or regulation of any State shall..., or customs laws or regulations, or other Service enforced statutes or regulations. ...

31 CFR 10.70 - Administrative Law Judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Administrative Law Judge. 10.70... INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE Rules Applicable to Disciplinary Proceedings § 10.70 Administrative Law Judge. (a..., firm or other entity, or appraiser will be conducted by an Administrative Law Judge appointed as...

20 CFR 602.10 - Federal law requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Federal law requirements. 602.10 Section 602... THE FEDERAL-STATE UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE SYSTEM Federal Requirements § 602.10 Federal law requirements... law include provision for: Such methods of administration . . . as are found by the Secretary of Labor...

49 CFR 1544.217 - Law enforcement personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Law enforcement personnel. 1544.217 Section 1544... AND COMMERCIAL OPERATORS Operations § 1544.217 Law enforcement personnel. (a) The following applies to... for law enforcement personnel meeting the qualifications and standards specified in §§ 1542.215 and...

20 CFR 602.10 - Federal law requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Federal law requirements. 602.10 Section 602... THE FEDERAL-STATE UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE SYSTEM Federal Requirements § 602.10 Federal law requirements... law include provision for: Such methods of administration . . . as are found by the Secretary of Labor...

20 CFR 602.10 - Federal law requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Federal law requirements. 602.10 Section 602... THE FEDERAL-STATE UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE SYSTEM Federal Requirements § 602.10 Federal law requirements... law include provision for: Such methods of administration . . . as are found by the Secretary of Labor...

20 CFR 602.10 - Federal law requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Federal law requirements. 602.10 Section 602... THE FEDERAL-STATE UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE SYSTEM Federal Requirements § 602.10 Federal law requirements... law include provision for: Such methods of administration . . . as are found by the Secretary of Labor...

20 CFR 602.10 - Federal law requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Federal law requirements. 602.10 Section 602... THE FEDERAL-STATE UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE SYSTEM Federal Requirements § 602.10 Federal law requirements... law include provision for: Such methods of administration . . . as are found by the Secretary of Labor...

The new Portuguese law on surrogacy - The story of how a promising law does not really regulate surrogacy arrangements.

PubMed

Raposo, Vera Lúcia

2017-09-01

Since 2006, surrogacy arrangements have been expressly forbidden within the Portuguese legal order, in any one of its forms, and in some situations, it has even been criminalised. However, since August 2016, surrogacy has been allowed under certain restrictive scenarios, providing it follows several prerequisites. In spite of this progress, the 2016 amendment to the law has not been immune to criticism. One of its most debatable aspects is the lack of the surrogate's right to regret, although it is doubtful that surrogacy contracts will be enforced against a surrogate's wishes. But the weakest point of the new law is its failure to address some of the nuclear issues of surrogacy contracts, leaving solutions either to general contract law or to the clauses stipulated by the parties. Furthermore, it is unclear which clauses are allowed and which are forbidden under the law. This study describes the content of the new Portuguese surrogacy law, exposes its main fragilities and suggests solutions for matters not covered by the law. The conclusion is that a law full of promise fails regarding the issues it is supposed to regulate.

The new Portuguese law on surrogacy - The story of how a promising law does not really regulate surrogacy arrangements

PubMed Central

Raposo, Vera Lúcia

2017-01-01

Since 2006, surrogacy arrangements have been expressly forbidden within the Portuguese legal order, in any one of its forms, and in some situations, it has even been criminalised. However, since August 2016, surrogacy has been allowed under certain restrictive scenarios, providing it follows several prerequisites. In spite of this progress, the 2016 amendment to the law has not been immune to criticism. One of its most debatable aspects is the lack of the surrogate's right to regret, although it is doubtful that surrogacy contracts will be enforced against a surrogate's wishes. But the weakest point of the new law is its failure to address some of the nuclear issues of surrogacy contracts, leaving solutions either to general contract law or to the clauses stipulated by the parties. Furthermore, it is unclear which clauses are allowed and which are forbidden under the law. This study describes the content of the new Portuguese surrogacy law, exposes its main fragilities and suggests solutions for matters not covered by the law. The conclusion is that a law full of promise fails regarding the issues it is supposed to regulate. PMID:28837033

Assessing the Impact of Twenty Underage Drinking Laws

PubMed Central

Fell, James C.; Scherer, Michael; Thomas, Sue; Voas, Robert B.

2016-01-01

Objective: Over the last two decades, many states have adopted several of the 20 laws that aim to control youth access to and possession of alcohol and prevent underage drinking in the United States. However, many of these laws have not been evaluated since their adoption. The objective of this study was to determine which minimum legal drinking age 21 (MLDA-21) laws currently have an effect on underage drinking-and-driving fatal crashes. Method: We updated the effective dates of the 20 MLDA-21 laws examined in this study and used scores of each law’s strengths and weaknesses. Our structural equation model included the 20 MLDA-21 laws, impaired driving laws, seat belt safety laws, economic strength, driving exposure, beer consumption, and fatal crash ratios of drinking-to-nondrinking drivers under age 21. Results: Nine MLDA-21 laws were associated with significant decreases in fatal crash ratios of underage drinking drivers: possession of alcohol (-7.7%), purchase of alcohol (-4.2%), use alcohol and lose your license (-7.9%), zero tolerance .02 blood alcohol concentration limit for under-age drivers (-2.9%), age of bartender ≥21 (-4.1%), state responsible beverage service program (-3.8%), fake identification support provisions for retailers (-11.9%), dram shop liability (-2.5%), and social host civil liability (-1.7%). Two laws were associated with significant increases in the fatal crash ratios of underage drinking drivers: prohibition of furnishing alcohol to minors (+7.2%) and registration of beer kegs (+9.6%). Conclusions: The nine effective MLDA-21 laws are estimated to be currently saving approximately 1,135 lives annually, yet only five states have enacted all nine laws. If all states adopted these nine effective MLDA-21 laws, it is estimated that an additional 210 lives could be saved every year. PMID:26997183

12 CFR 202.11 - Relation to state law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Relation to state law. 202.11 Section 202.11... OPPORTUNITY ACT (REGULATION B) § 202.11 Relation to state law. (a) Inconsistent state laws. Except as otherwise provided in this section, this regulation alters, affects, or preempts only those state laws that...

12 CFR 40.17 - Relation to State laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Relation to State laws. 40.17 Section 40.17... INFORMATION Relation to Other Laws; Effective Date § 40.17 Relation to State laws. (a) In general. This part.... (b) Greater protection under State law. For purposes of this section, a State statute, regulation...

12 CFR 573.17 - Relation to State laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2014-01-01 2012-01-01 true Relation to State laws. 573.17 Section 573.17... INFORMATION Relation to Other Laws; Effective Date § 573.17 Relation to State laws. (a) In general. This part.... (b) Greater protection under State law. For purposes of this section, a State statute, regulation...

12 CFR 716.17 - Relation to state laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Relation to state laws. 716.17 Section 716.17... CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Relation to Other Laws; Effective Date § 716.17 Relation to state laws. (a... extent of the inconsistency. (b) Greater protection under state law. For purposes of this section, a...

12 CFR 40.17 - Relation to State laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Relation to State laws. 40.17 Section 40.17... INFORMATION Relation to Other Laws; Effective Date § 40.17 Relation to State laws. (a) In general. This part.... (b) Greater protection under State law. For purposes of this section, a State statute, regulation...

32 CFR 776.57 - Unauthorized practice of law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Unauthorized practice of law. 776.57 Section 776... Rules of Professional Conduct § 776.57 Unauthorized practice of law. (a) Unauthorized practice of law. A... law in a jurisdiction where doing so is prohibited by the regulations of the legal profession in that...

32 CFR 776.57 - Unauthorized practice of law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Unauthorized practice of law. 776.57 Section 776... Rules of Professional Conduct § 776.57 Unauthorized practice of law. (a) Unauthorized practice of law. A... law in a jurisdiction where doing so is prohibited by the regulations of the legal profession in that...

Student Teaching and the Law. SCIP No. 5.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hazard, William R.

This document explains some aspects of the law which affect teachers in general and student teachers in particular. Five issues are examined. The first issue concerns state laws which affect student teachers, with Illinois and Indiana laws used as examples. Some of these laws have to do with liability insurance, credentialling, clinical training,…

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Hydrogen Laws and Incentives

Science.gov Websites

Hydrogen Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Alternative Fuels Data Center : Hydrogen Laws and Incentives to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Hydrogen Laws and Laws and Incentives on Digg Find More places to share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Hydrogen Laws and

49 CFR 800.23 - Delegation to the administrative law judges, Office of Administrative Law Judges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Delegation to the administrative law judges, Office of Administrative Law Judges. 800.23 Section 800.23 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BOARD AND DELEGATIONS OF AUTHORITY Delegations of...

HIV / AIDS and the law.

PubMed

1997-09-01

Since HIV is sexually transmitted, people living with AIDS and HIV (PWA/PHA) risk being stigmatized as immoral and promiscuous and they are often discriminated against in society. To this effect, the South African AIDS Law Project and Lawyers for Human Rights have developed a comprehensive resource manual detailing human rights with a special emphasis on issues relevant to PWA/PHA. The concept of the manual aimed to look at the legal and human rights questions that have been raised by the HIV/AIDS epidemic; inform people living with HIV/AIDS about their rights and the law; provide people working in businesses, trade unions, and nongovernmental organization with information about correct and incorrect responses to HIV/AIDS; and give victims of discrimination ideas on how to fight back. This manual initially introduces basic facts about HIV and AIDS and then describes the legal system and the Bill of Rights within the new South African Constitution. The main areas of focus in the manual include: 1) patient's medical rights, 2) employment rights, 3) women's rights, 4) the rights of lesbians and gay men, 5) the rights of youth and children, 6) the rights of prisoners, 7) social support for PWA, 8) HIV/AIDS and insurance law, 9) power of attorney and making wills, 10) criminal law, and 11) legal remedies, such as using the law to protect one's rights.

Working mothers, breastfeeding, and the law.

PubMed

Murtagh, Lindsey; Moulton, Anthony D

2011-02-01

Workplace barriers contribute to low rates of breastfeeding. Research shows that supportive state laws correlate with higher rates, yet by 2009, only 23 states had adopted any laws to encourage breastfeeding in the workplace. Federal law provided virtually no protection to working mothers until the 2010 enactment of the "reasonable break time" provision of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. This provision nonetheless leaves many working mothers uncovered, requires break time only to pump for (not feed) children younger than 1 year, and exempts small employers that demonstrate hardship. Public health professionals should explore ways to improve legal support for all working mothers wishing to breastfeed. Researchers should identify the laws that are most effective and assist policymakers in translating them into policy.

Working Mothers, Breastfeeding, and the Law

PubMed Central

Moulton, Anthony D.

2011-01-01

Workplace barriers contribute to low rates of breastfeeding. Research shows that supportive state laws correlate with higher rates, yet by 2009, only 23 states had adopted any laws to encourage breastfeeding in the workplace. Federal law provided virtually no protection to working mothers until the 2010 enactment of the “reasonable break time” provision of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. This provision nonetheless leaves many working mothers uncovered, requires break time only to pump for (not feed) children younger than 1 year, and exempts small employers that demonstrate hardship. Public health professionals should explore ways to improve legal support for all working mothers wishing to breastfeed. Researchers should identify the laws that are most effective and assist policymakers in translating them into policy. PMID:21164100

Limits of Kirchhoff's Laws in Plasmonics.

PubMed

Razinskas, Gary; Biagioni, Paolo; Hecht, Bert

2018-01-30

The validity of Kirchhoff's laws in plasmonic nanocircuitry is investigated by studying a junction of plasmonic two-wire transmission lines. We find that Kirchhoff's laws are valid for sufficiently small values of a phenomenological parameter κ relating the geometrical parameters of the transmission line with the effective wavelength of the guided mode. Beyond such regime, for large values of the phenomenological parameter, increasing deviations occur and the equivalent impedance description (Kirchhoff's laws) can only provide rough, but nevertheless useful, guidelines for the design of more complex plasmonic circuitry. As an example we investigate a system composed of a two-wire transmission line and a nanoantenna as the load. By addition of a parallel stub designed according to Kirchhoff's laws we achieve maximum signal transfer to the nanoantenna.

41 CFR 102-117.145 - What are coastwise laws?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false What are coastwise laws... coastwise laws? Coastwise laws refer to laws governing shipment of freight, household goods and passengers by water between points in the United States or its territories. The purpose of these laws is to...

46 CFR 502.26 - Attorneys at law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Attorneys at law. 502.26 Section 502.26 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Appearance and Practice Before the Commission § 502.26 Attorneys at law. Attorneys at law who are admitted to practice...

14 CFR 302.17 - Administrative law judges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Administrative law judges. 302.17 Section... Evidentiary Hearing Proceedings § 302.17 Administrative law judges. (a) Powers and delegation of authority. (1) An administrative law judge shall have the following powers, in addition to any others specified in...

45 CFR 164.412 - Law enforcement delay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Law enforcement delay. 164.412 Section 164.412 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ADMINISTRATIVE DATA STANDARDS AND RELATED... § 164.412 Law enforcement delay. If a law enforcement official states to a covered entity or business...

31 CFR 8.62 - Administrative Law Judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Administrative Law Judge. 8.62... BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO AND FIREARMS Disciplinary Proceedings § 8.62 Administrative Law Judge. (a) Appointment. An Administrative Law Judge, appointed as provided by 5 U.S.C. 3105, shall conduct proceedings...

49 CFR 1542.215 - Law enforcement support.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Law enforcement support. 1542.215 Section 1542.215..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY AIRPORT SECURITY Operations § 1542.215 Law... program under § 1542.103(a) or (b) must provide: (1) Law enforcement personnel in the number and manner...

Business Education--Business Law: Grades 10-12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Instructional Objectives Exchange, Los Angeles, CA.

Thirty-seven objectives and related test items for business law courses taught in grades 10 through 12 are organized into the following categories: (1) foundations of law; (2) law of contracts, property, and negotiable instruments; (3) business relations and business organizations; and (4) vocabulary. Each objective contains three elements: the…

Critical Issues in School Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, Larry

This publication summarizes and explains education-related court decisions in an effort to supply school people with guidelines in determining how school law applies to specific situations in their school districts. Although there is some emphasis on Oklahoma law, cases cited originated in all parts of the United States. Cases cited concern civil…

The First Law of Elasticity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Girill, T. R.

1972-01-01

The Boyle-Mariotte gas law was formulated in terms of pneumatic springs," subsumed by Hooke under his own stress-strain relation, and generally regarded as a law of elasticity. The subsequent development of Boyle's principle and elasticity provide thought-provoking test cases for Kuhn's notations of paradigm and puzzle solving in physics.…

School Law in Review, 2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National School Boards Association, Alexandria, VA. Council of School Attorneys.

This is a compilation of presentations delivered at the National School Boards Association Council of School Attorneys' Annual School Law Seminar: (1) "Environmental Hazards for Urban Schools Facing the New Challenge" (Kelly Frels, Kevin A. Ewing, Timothy A. Wilkins, Jason B. Hutt); (2) "How Accommodating? High-Stakes Testing and Federal Laws That…

Reanalyzing the Ampere-Maxwell Law

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, S. Eric

2011-01-01

In a recent "TPT" article, I addressed a common miscommunication about Faraday's law, namely, that introductory texts often say the law expresses a causal relationship between the magnetic fields time variation and the electric fields circulation. In that article, I demonstrated that these field behaviors share a common cause in a time-varying…

36 CFR 327.26 - State and local laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false State and local laws. 327.26... § 327.26 State and local laws. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this part or by Federal law or regulation, state and local laws and ordinances shall apply on project lands and waters. This includes, but...

36 CFR 327.26 - State and local laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State and local laws. 327.26... § 327.26 State and local laws. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this part or by Federal law or regulation, state and local laws and ordinances shall apply on project lands and waters. This includes, but...

36 CFR 327.26 - State and local laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false State and local laws. 327.26... § 327.26 State and local laws. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this part or by Federal law or regulation, state and local laws and ordinances shall apply on project lands and waters. This includes, but...

36 CFR 327.26 - State and local laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false State and local laws. 327.26... § 327.26 State and local laws. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this part or by Federal law or regulation, state and local laws and ordinances shall apply on project lands and waters. This includes, but...

50 CFR 600.1201 - Relation to other laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Relation to other laws. 600.1201 Section... laws. (a) The relation of this subpart to other laws is set forth in §§ 600.514 and 600.705 and in...) Nothing in this regulation supercedes more restrictive state laws or regulations regarding shark finning...

5 CFR 930.209 - Senior Administrative Law Judge Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Senior Administrative Law Judge Program...) Administrative Law Judge Program § 930.209 Senior Administrative Law Judge Program. (a) OPM administers a Senior Administrative Law Judge Program in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 3323(b)(2). The Senior Administrative Law Judge...

The Law and Catholic Schools: Approaching the New Millennium.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shaughnessy, Mary Angela

The laws affecting education in the United States today can generally be classified according to four categories: (1) Constitutional law (both state and federal); (2) statutes and regulations; (3) common law principles; and (4) contract law. Students and teachers in private schools are not protected by federal Constitutional law because they are…

Breakdown of Benford's law for birth data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ausloos, M.; Herteliu, C.; Ileanu, B.

2015-02-01

Long birth time series for Romania are investigated from Benford's law point of view, distinguishing between families with a religious (Orthodox and Non-Orthodox) affiliation. The data extend from Jan. 01, 1905 till Dec. 31, 2001, i.e. over 97 years or 35 429 days. The results point to a drastic breakdown of Benford's law. Some interpretation is proposed, based on the statistical aspects due to population sizes, rather than on human thought constraints when the law breakdown is usually expected. Benford's law breakdown clearly points to natural causes.

True reason for Zipf's law in language

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dahui, Wang; Menghui, Li; Zengru, Di

2005-12-01

Analysis of word frequency have historically used data that included English, French, or other language, data typically described by Zipf's law. Using data on traditional and modern Chinese literatures, we show here that Chinese character frequency stroked Zipf's law based on literature before Qin dynasty; however, it departed from Zipf's law based on literature after Qin dynasty. Combined with data about English dictionaries and Chinese dictionaries, we show that the true reason for Zipf's Law in language is that growth and preferential selection mechanism of word or character in given language.

26 CFR 48.6427-4 - Applicable laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Applicable laws. 48.6427-4 Section 48.6427-4... Application to Retailers and Manufacturers Taxes § 48.6427-4 Applicable laws. (a) Penalties, excessive claims, etc. All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable in respect of the tax imposed by section...

26 CFR 48.6427-4 - Applicable laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Applicable laws. 48.6427-4 Section 48.6427-4... Application to Retailers and Manufacturers Taxes § 48.6427-4 Applicable laws. (a) Penalties, excessive claims, etc. All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable in respect of the tax imposed by section...

26 CFR 48.6420-5 - Applicable laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Applicable laws. 48.6420-5 Section 48.6420-5... Application to Retailers and Manufacturers Taxes § 48.6420-5 Applicable laws. (a) Penalties, excessive claims, etc. All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable in respect of the tax imposed by section...

49 CFR 1503.607 - Administrative law judges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Administrative law judges. 1503.607 Section 1503... PROCEDURES Rules of Practice in TSA Civil Penalty Actions § 1503.607 Administrative law judges. (a) Powers of...) Administer oaths and affirmations. (4) Issue subpoenas authorized by law. (5) Rule on offers of proof. (6...

26 CFR 48.6421-6 - Applicable laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Applicable laws. 48.6421-6 Section 48.6421-6... Application to Retailers and Manufacturers Taxes § 48.6421-6 Applicable laws. (a) Penalties, excessive claims, etc. All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable in respect of the tax imposed by section...

26 CFR 48.6421-6 - Applicable laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Applicable laws. 48.6421-6 Section 48.6421-6... Application to Retailers and Manufacturers Taxes § 48.6421-6 Applicable laws. (a) Penalties, excessive claims, etc. All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable in respect of the tax imposed by section...

26 CFR 48.6420-5 - Applicable laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Applicable laws. 48.6420-5 Section 48.6420-5... Application to Retailers and Manufacturers Taxes § 48.6420-5 Applicable laws. (a) Penalties, excessive claims, etc. All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable in respect of the tax imposed by section...

26 CFR 48.6421-6 - Applicable laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Applicable laws. 48.6421-6 Section 48.6421-6... Application to Retailers and Manufacturers Taxes § 48.6421-6 Applicable laws. (a) Penalties, excessive claims, etc. All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable in respect of the tax imposed by section...

26 CFR 48.6420-5 - Applicable laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Applicable laws. 48.6420-5 Section 48.6420-5... Application to Retailers and Manufacturers Taxes § 48.6420-5 Applicable laws. (a) Penalties, excessive claims, etc. All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable in respect of the tax imposed by section...

26 CFR 48.6427-4 - Applicable laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Applicable laws. 48.6427-4 Section 48.6427-4... Application to Retailers and Manufacturers Taxes § 48.6427-4 Applicable laws. (a) Penalties, excessive claims, etc. All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable in respect of the tax imposed by section...

Judicial Communication Theory for Pre-Law Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forston, Robert F.

In explaining the pre-law recruitment campaign and curriculum plans of the Speech Communication Department at Drake University, this paper places emphasis on the department's broader eclectic approach to human behavior and communication theory as it relates to law and other aspects of life. The curriculum for the pre-law communication major is…

40 CFR 1508.15 - Jurisdiction by law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Jurisdiction by law. 1508.15 Section 1508.15 Protection of Environment COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY TERMINOLOGY AND INDEX § 1508.15 Jurisdiction by law. Jurisdiction by law means agency authority to approve, veto, or finance all or part of the...

49 CFR 1503.607 - Administrative law judges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Administrative law judges. 1503.607 Section 1503... PROCEDURES Rules of Practice in TSA Civil Penalty Actions § 1503.607 Administrative law judges. (a) Powers of...) Administer oaths and affirmations. (4) Issue subpoenas authorized by law. (5) Rule on offers of proof. (6...

26 CFR 48.6427-4 - Applicable laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Applicable laws. 48.6427-4 Section 48.6427-4... Application to Retailers and Manufacturers Taxes § 48.6427-4 Applicable laws. (a) Penalties, excessive claims, etc. All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable in respect of the tax imposed by section...

26 CFR 48.6421-6 - Applicable laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Applicable laws. 48.6421-6 Section 48.6421-6... Application to Retailers and Manufacturers Taxes § 48.6421-6 Applicable laws. (a) Penalties, excessive claims, etc. All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable in respect of the tax imposed by section...

20 CFR 650.2 - Federal law requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Federal law requirements. 650.2 Section 650.2... PROMPTNESS-UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION § 650.2 Federal law requirements. (a) Section 303(a)(1) of the Social Security Act requires that a State law include provision for: Such methods of administration * * * as are...

49 CFR 1546.211 - Law enforcement personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Law enforcement personnel. 1546.211 Section 1546... § 1546.211 Law enforcement personnel. (a) At airports within the United States not governed by part 1542...) When using a screening system required by § 1546.101(a), (b), or (c), provide for law enforcement...

26 CFR 48.6420-5 - Applicable laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Applicable laws. 48.6420-5 Section 48.6420-5... Application to Retailers and Manufacturers Taxes § 48.6420-5 Applicable laws. (a) Penalties, excessive claims, etc. All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable in respect of the tax imposed by section...

20 CFR 650.2 - Federal law requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Federal law requirements. 650.2 Section 650.2... PROMPTNESS-UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION § 650.2 Federal law requirements. (a) Section 303(a)(1) of the Social Security Act requires that a State law include provision for: Such methods of administration * * * as are...

20 CFR 650.2 - Federal law requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Federal law requirements. 650.2 Section 650.2... PROMPTNESS-UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION § 650.2 Federal law requirements. (a) Section 303(a)(1) of the Social Security Act requires that a State law include provision for: Such methods of administration * * * as are...

20 CFR 650.2 - Federal law requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Federal law requirements. 650.2 Section 650.2... PROMPTNESS-UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION § 650.2 Federal law requirements. (a) Section 303(a)(1) of the Social Security Act requires that a State law include provision for: Such methods of administration * * * as are...

20 CFR 650.2 - Federal law requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Federal law requirements. 650.2 Section 650.2... PROMPTNESS-UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION § 650.2 Federal law requirements. (a) Section 303(a)(1) of the Social Security Act requires that a State law include provision for: Such methods of administration * * * as are...

40 CFR 1508.15 - Jurisdiction by law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Jurisdiction by law. 1508.15 Section 1508.15 Protection of Environment COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY TERMINOLOGY AND INDEX § 1508.15 Jurisdiction by law. Jurisdiction by law means agency authority to approve, veto, or finance all or part of the...

40 CFR 1508.15 - Jurisdiction by law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Jurisdiction by law. 1508.15 Section 1508.15 Protection of Environment COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY TERMINOLOGY AND INDEX § 1508.15 Jurisdiction by law. Jurisdiction by law means agency authority to approve, veto, or finance all or part of the...

43 CFR 8365.1-7 - State and local laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false State and local laws. 8365.1-7 Section... and local laws. Except as otherwise provided by Federal law or regulation, State and local laws and... not limited to, State and local laws and ordinances governing: (a) Operation and use of motor vehicles...

44 CFR 15.17 - Other laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... SECURITY GENERAL CONDUCT AT THE MT. WEATHER EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE CENTER AND AT THE NATIONAL EMERGENCY... abolish any other Federal laws or any State and local laws and regulations applicable to Mt. Weather or...

44 CFR 15.17 - Other laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... SECURITY GENERAL CONDUCT AT THE MT. WEATHER EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE CENTER AND AT THE NATIONAL EMERGENCY... abolish any other Federal laws or any State and local laws and regulations applicable to Mt. Weather or...

44 CFR 15.17 - Other laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... SECURITY GENERAL CONDUCT AT THE MT. WEATHER EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE CENTER AND AT THE NATIONAL EMERGENCY... abolish any other Federal laws or any State and local laws and regulations applicable to Mt. Weather or...

44 CFR 15.17 - Other laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... SECURITY GENERAL CONDUCT AT THE MT. WEATHER EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE CENTER AND AT THE NATIONAL EMERGENCY... abolish any other Federal laws or any State and local laws and regulations applicable to Mt. Weather or...

Preventive Law for School Administrators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawkins, Harold L.

This chapter focuses on the need for a revised relationship between schools and the courts through the concept of preventive law. The chapter reviews court cases and presents an overview of conflict resolution models and strategies for reducing litigation. Preventive law assumes that greater use of its strategies affords a lesser need for conflict…

Parasitism alters three power laws of scaling in a metazoan community: Taylor's law, density-mass allometry, and variance-mass allometry.