Sample records for liinile uue laeva
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Patient participation in a clinic-based community pharmacy medication take-back program.
Lystlund, Stefanie; Stevens, Eric; Planas, Lourdes G; Marcy, Todd R
2014-01-01
To describe patient interest and involvement in participating in a clinic-based community pharmacy drug take-back program to dispose of unused, unwanted, or expired (UUE) medications and to identify patients' reasons for participating in the program. A convenience sample of patients at the University of Oklahoma Family Medicine Pharmacy was recruited to complete a needs assessment survey regarding interest in drug take-back programs and current practices for handling UUE medications. Participants who purchased a postage-paid drug disposal envelope were asked to complete a program survey identifying sources of UUE medications, experience with drug take-back programs, and reasons for participation. These participants were later contacted for a follow-up telephone survey regarding their experience with the program and medications sent back. 62 needs assessment surveys were collected. 61% of patients reported interest in a drug take-back program. 57% reported having no UUE medications at home. Commonly reported UUE handling practices included disposal in the garbage (53.2%) or sewer (29.0%) and home storage (17.7%). 15 disposal envelopes were sold to 10 participants whose most common reasons for participation included concern about the safety of household members, accidental or intentional ingestion, and environmental impact. For 4 patients who returned a median of 9.5 prescriptions, the most common class of returned drugs was antibiotics (19.0%). Interest in drug take-back programs exists, but awareness and availability of continuous programs is limited. Programs may be more successful if offered at no cost to patients. Future studies are needed on the types of medications sent back and specific reasons for accumulation.
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Nonspecific Resistance Induced by an Immunopharmacologic Agent Derived from Bordetella pertussis.
1985-01-31
NONSPECIFIC RESISTANCE INDUCED BY AN IMM1JNOPHAL’-ACOLOGIC AGENT DERIVED FROM a u’seeOG EoTwwE BORDE2’ELLA PERTUSSIS * OTATO RN UU~e AU THOR(*) B OTATO RN...antibodies 20. A 9STRPACT (Con tnue an revwre side It necessary and fdontitlP Ip 5149k IeebffJ LJ..JTreatment of mice with Bordetella pertueeis vaccine...resulted in * resistance to mouse adenovirus infection. Antiviral activity was associated with surface components of B. pertussie . Acellular fractions with
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Kiran, D; Mutsvangwa, T
2010-03-01
Urea-nitrogen recycling to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), N metabolism, and urea transporter-B (UT-B) mRNA abundance in ruminal epithelium were evaluated in partially defaunated (PDFAUN) and faunated (FAUN) growing lambs fed 2 levels (10%, low, or 15%, high) of dietary CP (DM basis). Four Suffolk ram lambs (43.9 +/- 1.4 kg initial BW) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with 27-d periods. Sunflower oil was fed (6%; DM basis) as an anti-protozoal agent. Nitrogen balance was measured from d 22 to 26, with concurrent measurement of urea-N kinetics using continuous intrajugular infusions of [(15)N(15)N]-urea. Feeding sunflower oil decreased (P < 0.01) total ruminal protozoa by 88%, and this was associated with a decrease (P < 0.01) in ruminal ammonia-N concentrations. Endogenous production of urea-N (UER; 26.1 vs. 34.6 g/d) and urea-N loss in urine (UUE; 10.1 vs. 15.7 g/d) were less (P < 0.01), and urea-N entering the GIT (GER; 16.0 vs. 18.9 g/d) tended to be less (P = 0.06) in PDFAUN as compared with FAUN lambs. However, as a proportion of UER, GER was greater (P < 0.01) and the proportion of recycled urea-N that was utilized for anabolism (i.e., UUA) tended to be greater (P = 0.09) in PDFAUN lambs. Partial defaunation increased (P < 0.01) microbial N supply. The UER, GER, and UUE were greater (P < 0.01) in lambs fed the high diet. However, as a proportion of UER, GER and its anabolic use were greater (P < 0.01) in lambs fed the low diet. The expression of UT-B mRNA in PDFAUN lambs was numerically greater (by 20%; P = 0.15) compared with FAUN lambs. In summary, results indicate that part of the mechanism for improved N utilization in defaunated ruminants is an increase in the proportion of endogenous urea-N output that is recycled to the GIT, thus potentially providing additional N for microbial growth.
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Kännaste, Astrid; Laanisto, Lauri; Pazouki, Leila; Copolovici, Lucian; Suhorutšenko, Marina; Azeem, Muhammad; Toom, Lauri; Borg-Karlson, Anna-Karin; Niinemets, Ülo
2018-03-01
Diterpenoids constitute an important part of oleoresin in conifer needles, but the environmental and genetic controls on diterpenoid composition are poorly known. We studied the presence of diterpenoids in four pine populations spanning an extensive range of nitrogen (N) availability. In most samples, isoabienol was the main diterpenoid. Additionally, low contents of (Z)-biformene, abietadiene isomers, manoyl oxide isomers, labda-7,13,14-triene and labda-7,14-dien-13-ol were quantified in pine needles. According to the occurrence and content of diterpenoids it was possible to distinguish 'non diterpenoid pines', 'high isoabienol pines', 'manoyl oxide - isoabienol pines' and 'other diterpenoid pines'. 'Non diterpenoid pines', 'high isoabienol pines' and 'other diterpenoid pines' were characteristic to the dry forest, yet the majority of pines (>80%) of the bog Laeva represented 'high isoabienol pines'. 'Manoyl oxide - isoabienol pines' were present only in the wet sites. Additionally, orthogonal partial least-squares analysis showed, that in the bogs foliar nitrogen content per dry mass (N M ) correlated to diterpenoids. Significant correlations existed between abietadienes, isoabienol and foliar N M in 'manoyl oxide - isoabienol pines', and chemotypic variation was also associated by population genetic distance estimated by nuclear microsatellite markers. Previously, the presence of low and high Δ-3-carene pines has been demonstrated, but the results of the current study indicate that also diterpenoids form an independent axis of chemotypic differentiation. Further studies are needed to understand whether the enhanced abundance of diterpenoids in wetter sites reflects a phenotypic or genotypic response. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jing, Jun; Xia, Lingdan; Li, Kai
2017-06-01
The aim of this work was to understand the development of defoliating insects and their preferences for host plants under varying temperatures in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in China. We measured the main developmental parameters of three typical defoliating insects (i.e., Ourapteryx ebuleata szechuana, Biston marginata, and Euproctis angulata) and their preferences for five host plants at temperatures from 16°C to 31°C at 3°C intervals in the Tiantong National Forest Research station in eastern China. The results showed the following. 1) An appropriate rise in temperature increases the survival rate with an increase in the number of offspring. The developmental durations for these three insects were shortened, and pupal weight increased with an increase in temperature. 2) A shift in the preference for host plants for these three insects was observedat elevated temperatures. They all preferred to feed on Schima superba and Castanopsis sclerophylla at elevated temperatures, showing an opposite response to the other three plants. The daily leaf consumption of the three insects was positively correlated with their feeding preference, with more leaves being consumed from the plants they preferred. 3) For O. ebuleata szechuana larvae, daily leaf consumption initially increased and then decreased with increasing temperatures. In contrast, Biston marginata and Euproctis angulata larvae consumed more leaves at elevated temperatures. The feeding preferences of O. ebuleata szechuana and Biston marginata were more sensitive to changing temperatures than that of Euproctis angulata laevae. We concluded that increased numbers of offspring and generations, pupal weights, and a shift in preference to two plants for these three defoliating insects might lead to severe damage to these two plants which would enhance the fragmentation and decrease the stability of the forest communities under changing temperatures. Meanwhile, the variations in the responses of
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Propionate supplementation improves nitrogen use by reducing urea flux in sheep.
Agarwal, U; Hu, Q; Bequette, B J
2015-10-01
Feeding and postruminal infusion of propionate is known to increase N retention in ruminants. Our aim was to determine the role of rumen propionate on urea N recycling and gluconeogenesis in growing sheep. In Exp. 1, wether sheep ( = 6; 32.5 ± 3.57 kg BW) fitted with a rumen cannula were fed to 1.8 × ME requirement a concentrate-type ration (172 g CP/kg DM and 10.4 MJ ME/kg DM) and continuously infused into the rumen with isoenergetic (10% of dietary ME intake) solutions of either sodium acetate (control) or sodium propionate for 9-d periods in a crossover design. In Exp. 2, a different group of wether sheep ( = 5; 33.6 ± 3.70 kg BW) fitted with a rumen cannula were fed, on an isonitrogenous basis, either a control (151 g CP/kg DM and 8.4 MJ ME/kg DM) or sodium propionate-supplemented (139 g CP/kg DM and 8.9 MJ ME/kg DM) diet at 2-h intervals. [N] urea was continuously infused intravenously for the last 5 d of each period, and total urine was collected by vacuum and feces were collected by a harness bag. Over the last 12 h, [C]glucose was continuously infused intravenously and hourly blood samples were collected during the last 5 h. Propionate treatments increased ( < 0.001) the proportion of rumen propionate in both experiments. In Exp. 1, N retention was not affected by propionate infusion as compared with isoenergetic acetate. There was no effect on urea entry (synthesis) rate (UER) in Exp. 1; however, sodium propionate infusion tended ( < 0.1) to increase urinary urea elimination (UUE). In Exp. 2, feeding propionate increased ( < 0.01) N retention by 0.8 g N/d. In addition, UER was reduced by approximately 2 g urea N/d, leading to a reduction ( < 0.05) in UUE (7.0 vs. 6.2 g urea N/d). Between the 2 experiments, the proportion of UER recycled to the gut was greater with the forage-type diet in Exp. 2 (approximately 60%) compared with the concentrate-type diet in Exp. 1 (approximately 40%), although urea N fluxes across the gut remained unchanged in both