Sample records for magnetic cycles influence

  1. Influence of repeated insertion-removal cycles on the force and magnetic flux leakage of magnetic attachments: an in vitro study.

    PubMed

    Hao, Zhichao; Chao, Yonglie; Meng, Yukun; Yin, Hongmin

    2014-08-01

    Magnetic attachments are widely used in overdentures and maxillofacial prostheses. Because the patient will routinely have to insert and remove a removable prosthesis, the retentive force and magnetic flux leakage of the magnetic attachments after repeated insertion and removal must be evaluated to assess their clinical performance. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the retentive force and flux leakage of magnetic attachments after repeated insertion and removal. Magfit EX600W magnet-keeper combinations (n=5) were used in this study. After 5000, 10,000, and 20,000 insertion-removal cycles, the retentive force of the magnetic attachments was measured 5 times at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min with a universal testing machine. Magnetic flux leakage at 3 positions (P1, the upper surface of the magnet; P2, the lower surface of the keeper; and P3, the lateral side of the magnetic attachment set) was evaluated with a gaussmeter. Data were statistically analyzed by 1-way ANOVA (α=.05). The morphology of the abraded surfaces for both the magnet and the keeper was observed with an optical microscope (5×). The mean retentive force decreased significantly after 5000, 10,000, and 20,000 insertion-removal movements (P<.05). Significant differences of flux leakage were also observed at P1 after 5000 cycles and 10,000 cycles, at P2 after 5000 cycles, and at P3 after 5000, 10,000, and 20,000 insertion-removal cycles (P < .05). However, no significant differences in flux leakage were evident after 20,000 cycles at P1 and 10,000 cycles and 20,000 cycles at P2. Repeated insertion and removal influenced the retentive force and magnetic flux leakage of the magnetic attachments. Retentive force decreased significantly after repeated insertion-removal cycles, whereas the variation of magnetic flux leakage depended on refitting cycles and positions of the magnetic attachments. Copyright © 2014 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by

  2. Stellar magnetic cycles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baliunas, S. L.

    2004-05-01

    Is hope for understanding the solar magnetic cycle to be found in stars? Observations of stars with significant sub-surface convective zones -- masses smaller than about 1.5 solar masses on the lower main sequence and many types of cool, post-main-sequence stars -- indicate the presence of surface and atmospheric inhomogeneities analogous to solar magnetic features, making stellar magnetic activity a cosmically widespread phenomenon. Observations have been made primarily in visible wavelengths, and important information has also been derived from the ultraviolet and x-ray spectrum regions. Interannual to interdecadal variability of spectrum indicators of stellar magnetic features is common, and in some cases similar in appearance to the 11-year sunspot cycle. Successful models of the physical processes responsible for stellar magnetic cycles, typically cast as a magnetohydrodynamic dynamo, require advances in understanding not only convection but also the magnetic field's interaction with it. The observed facts that underpin the hope for models will be summarized. Properties of stellar magnetic cycles will be compared and contrasted with those of the sun, including inferences from paleo-environmental reservoirs that contain information on solar century- to millennial-scale magnetic variability. Partial support of this research came from NASA NAG5-7635, NRC COBASE, CRDF 322, MIT-MSG 5710001241, JPL 1236821, AF 49620-02-1-0194, Richard Lounsberry Foundation, Langley-Abbot, Rollins, Scholarly Studies and James Arthur Funds (Smithsonian Institution) and several generous individuals.

  3. Reconciling solar and stellar magnetic cycles with nonlinear dynamo simulations.

    PubMed

    Strugarek, A; Beaudoin, P; Charbonneau, P; Brun, A S; do Nascimento, J-D

    2017-07-14

    The magnetic fields of solar-type stars are observed to cycle over decadal periods-11 years in the case of the Sun. The fields originate in the turbulent convective layers of stars and have a complex dependency upon stellar rotation rate. We have performed a set of turbulent global simulations that exhibit magnetic cycles varying systematically with stellar rotation and luminosity. We find that the magnetic cycle period is inversely proportional to the Rossby number, which quantifies the influence of rotation on turbulent convection. The trend relies on a fundamentally nonlinear dynamo process and is compatible with the Sun's cycle and those of other solar-type stars. Copyright © 2017, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

  4. Solar magnetic cycle

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Harvey, Karen L.

    1993-01-01

    Using NSO/KP magnetograms, the pattern and rate of the emergence of magnetic flux and the development of the large-scale patterns of unipolar fields are considered in terms of the solar magnetic cycle. Magnetic flux emerges in active regions at an average rate of 2 x 10(exp 21) Mx/day, approximately 10 times the estimated rate in ephemeral regions. Observations are presented that demonstrate that the large-scale unipolar fields originate in active regions and activity nests. For cycle 21, the net contribution of ephemeral regions to the axial dipole moment of the Sun is positive, and is of opposite sign to that of active regions. Its amplitude is smaller by a factor of 6, assuming an average lifetime of ephemeral regions of 8 hours. Active regions larger than 4500 Mm(sup 2) are the primary contributor to the cycle variation of Sun's axial dipole moment.

  5. Global Solar Magnetic Field Organization in the Outer Corona: Influence on the Solar Wind Speed and Mass Flux Over the Cycle

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Réville, Victor; Brun, Allan Sacha

    2017-11-01

    The dynamics of the solar wind depends intrinsically on the structure of the global solar magnetic field, which undergoes fundamental changes over the 11-year solar cycle. For instance, the wind terminal velocity is thought to be anti-correlated with the expansion factor, a measure of how the magnetic field varies with height in the solar corona, usually computed at a fixed height (≈ 2.5 {R}⊙ , the source surface radius that approximates the distance at which all magnetic field lines become open). However, the magnetic field expansion affects the solar wind in a more detailed way, its influence on the solar wind properties remaining significant well beyond the source surface. We demonstrate this using 3D global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the solar corona, constrained by surface magnetograms over half a solar cycle (1989-2001). A self-consistent expansion beyond the solar wind critical point (even up to 10 {R}⊙ ) makes our model comply with observed characteristics of the solar wind, namely, that the radial magnetic field intensity becomes latitude independent at some distance from the Sun, and that the mass flux is mostly independent of the terminal wind speed. We also show that near activity minimum, the expansion in the higher corona has more influence on the wind speed than the expansion below 2.5 {R}⊙ .

  6. The YBa2Cu3O7- anomalous second peak and irreversible magnetic field in the magnetization hysteresis cycles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Taoufik, A.; Ramzi, A.; Senoussi, S.; Labrag, A.

    2004-05-01

    The flux jumps, the second peak and the irreversible magnetic field in the magnetization hysteresis cycles have been investigated in the high temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7- single crystals. These cycles were obtained for different temperature values, the applied magnetic fields up to 6 T and the angle between the applied magnetic field and c-axis. The magnetization curves exhibit a remarkable second peak fishtail, this second peak was not observed for the low temperature, but we observed the flux jumps saw tooth. The temperature dependence of the irreversible magnetic field, Hirr, for the applied magnetic field perpendicular to the ab planes is given by an extended expression, Hirr α (1-T/Tc )α, where α is a constant, the Abrikosov flux dynamics can explain this behavior. The Hirr as a function of has been strongly influenced by the flux pinning and the thermally assisted flux motion.

  7. Magnetic Stirling cycles - A new application for magnetic materials

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Brown, G. V.

    1977-01-01

    There is the prospect of a fundamental new application for magnetic materials as the working substance in thermodynamic cycles. Recuperative cycles which use a rare-earth ferromagnetic material near its Curie point in the field of a superconducting magnet appear feasible for applications from below 20 K to above room temperature. The elements of the cycle, advanced in an earlier paper, are summarized. The basic advantages include high entropy density in the magnetic material, completely reversible processes, convenient control of the entropy by the applied field, the feature that heat transfer is possible during all processes, and the ability of the ideal cycle to attain Carnot efficiency. The mean field theory is used to predict the entropy of a ferromagnet in an applied field and also the isothermal entropy change and isentropic temperature change caused by applying a field. Results are presented for J = 7/2 and g = 2. The results for isentropic temperature change are compared with experimental data on Gd. Coarse mixtures of ferromagnetic materials with different Curie points are proposed to modify the path of the cycle in the T-S diagram in order to improve the efficiency or to increase the specific power.

  8. On the Influence of the Solar Bi-Cycle on Comic Ray Modulatio

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lifter, N. Part Xxvii: A. Defect Of The Solar Dynamo. B.; Scissors, K.; Sprucener, H.

    In this presentation we propose a new paradigm that explains the different lengths of individual solar Hale cycles. It proves beneficial to distinguish between a so-called inHale and ex-Hale cycle, which together form the solar bi-cycle. We carefully analyzed the influence of so-called complex mode excitations (CMEs) on comic ray modulation, in particular on the drifts of the comic isotope O+3 , which we found to induce characteristic anisotropies. This comic isotope anisotropy (CIA) is caused by the wellknown north-south asymmetry (NSA) and can be observed as a rare Forbush increase (FBI). The latter is linked to the solar magnetic field which appears to have a chaotic behaviour (for details see part I-XXVI). Especially during an ex-Hale cycle magnetic flux is pseudo-pneumatically escaping through a coronal hole. Consequently, the solar dynamo can no longer operate efficiently, i.e. is defect.

  9. Magnetic Flux Emergence Along the Solar Cycle

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schmieder, B.; Archontis, V.; Pariat, E.

    2014-12-01

    Flux emergence plays an important role along the solar cycle. Magnetic flux emergence builds sunspot groups and solar activity. The sunspot groups contribute to the large scale behaviour of the magnetic field over the 11 year cycle and the reversal of the North and South magnetic polarity every 22 years. The leading polarity of sunspot groups is opposite in the North and South hemispheres and reverses for each new solar cycle. However the hemispheric rule shows the conservation of sign of the magnetic helicity with positive and negative magnetic helicity in the South and North hemispheres, respectively. MHD models of emerging flux have been developed over the past twenty years but have not yet succeeded to reproduce solar observations. The emergence of flux occurs through plasma layers of very high gradients of pressure and changing of modes from a large β to a low β plasma (<1). With the new armada of high spatial and temporal resolution instruments on the ground and in space, emergence of magnetic flux is observed in tremendous detail and followed during their transit through the upper atmosphere. Signatures of flux emergence in the corona depend on the pre-existing magnetic configuration and on the strength of the emerging flux. We review in this paper new and established models as well as the recent observations.

  10. Coronal Holes and Magnetic Flux Ropes Interweaving Solar Cycles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lowder, Chris; Yeates, Anthony; Leamon, Robert; Qiu, Jiong

    2016-10-01

    Coronal holes, dark patches observed in solar observations in extreme ultraviolet and x-ray wavelengths, provide an excellent proxy for regions of open magnetic field rooted near the photosphere. Through a multi-instrument approach, including SDO data, we are able to stitch together high resolution maps of coronal hole boundaries spanning the past two solar activity cycles. These observational results are used in conjunction with models of open magnetic field to probe physical solar parameters. Magnetic flux ropes are commonly defined as bundles of solar magnetic field lines, twisting around a common axis. Photospheric surface flows and magnetic reconnection work in conjunction to form these ropes, storing magnetic stresses until eruption. With an automated methodology to identify flux ropes within observationally driven magnetofrictional simulations, we can study their properties in detail. Of particular interest is a solar-cycle length statistical description of eruption rates, spatial distribution, magnetic orientation, flux, and helicity. Coronal hole observations can provide useful data about the distribution of the fast solar wind, with magnetic flux ropes yielding clues as to ejected magnetic field and the resulting space weather geo-effectiveness. With both of these cycle-spanning datasets, we can begin to form a more detailed picture of the evolution and consequences of both sets of solar magnetic features.

  11. Influence of the Solar Cycle on Turbulence Properties and Cosmic-Ray Diffusion

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhao, L.-L.; Adhikari, L.; Zank, G. P.; Hu, Q.; Feng, X. S.

    2018-04-01

    The solar cycle dependence of various turbulence quantities and cosmic-ray (CR) diffusion coefficients is investigated by using OMNI 1 minute resolution data over 22 years. We employ Elsässer variables z ± to calculate the magnetic field turbulence energy and correlation lengths for both the inwardly and outwardly directed interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). We present the temporal evolution of both large-scale solar wind (SW) plasma variables and small-scale magnetic fluctuations. Based on these observed quantities, we study the influence of solar activity on CR parallel and perpendicular diffusion using quasi-linear theory and nonlinear guiding center theory, respectively. We also evaluate the radial evolution of the CR diffusion coefficients by using the boundary conditions for different solar activity levels. We find that in the ecliptic plane at 1 au (1), the large-scale SW temperature T, velocity V sw, Alfvén speed V A , and IMF magnitude B 0 are positively related to solar activity; (2) the fluctuating magnetic energy density < {{z}+/- }2> , residual energy E D , and corresponding correlation functions all have an obvious solar cycle dependence. The residual energy E D is always negative, which indicates that the energy in magnetic fluctuations is larger than the energy in kinetic fluctuations, especially at solar maximum; (3) the correlation length λ for magnetic fluctuations does not show significant solar cycle variation; (4) the temporally varying shear source of turbulence, which is most important in the inner heliosphere, depends on the solar cycle; (5) small-scale fluctuations may not depend on the direction of the background magnetic field; and (6) high levels of SW fluctuations will increase CR perpendicular diffusion and decrease CR parallel diffusion, but this trend can be masked if the background IMF changes in concert with turbulence in response to solar activity. These results provide quantitative inputs for both turbulence transport

  12. Lanthanide Al-Ni base Ericsson cycle magnetic refrigerants

    DOEpatents

    Gschneidner, Jr., Karl A.; Takeya, Hiroyuki

    1995-10-31

    A magnetic refrigerant for a magnetic refrigerator using the Ericsson thermodynamic cycle comprises DyAlNi and (Gd.sub.0.54 Er.sub.0.46)AlNi alloys having a relatively constant .DELTA.Tmc over a wide temperature range.

  13. Lanthanide Al-Ni base Ericsson cycle magnetic refrigerants

    DOEpatents

    Gschneidner, K.A. Jr.; Takeya, Hiroyuki

    1995-10-31

    A magnetic refrigerant for a magnetic refrigerator using the Ericsson thermodynamic cycle comprises DyAlNi and (Gd{sub 0.54}Er{sub 0.46})AlNi alloys having a relatively constant {Delta}Tmc over a wide temperature range. 16 figs.

  14. Magnetic stirling cycles: A new application for magnetic materials

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Brown, G. V.

    1977-01-01

    The elements of the cycle are summarized. The basic advantages include high entropy density in the magnetic material, completely reversible processes, convenient control of the entropy by the applied field, the feature that heat transfer is possible during all processes, and the ability of the ideal cycle to attain Carnot efficiency. The mean field theory is used to predict the entropy of a ferromagnet in an applied field and also the isothermal entropy change and isentropic temperature change caused by applying a field. The results for isentropic temperature change are compared with experimental data on Gd. Coarse mixtures of ferromagnetic materials with different Curie points are proposed to modify the path of the cycle in the T-S diagram in order to improve the efficiency or to increase the specific power.

  15. Solar-Cycle Variation of Subsurface-Flow Divergence: A Proxy of Magnetic Activity?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Komm, R.; Howe, R.; Hill, F.

    2017-09-01

    We study the solar-cycle variation of subsurface flows from the surface to a depth of 16 Mm. We have analyzed Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) Dopplergrams with a ring-diagram analysis covering about 15 years and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) Dopplergrams covering more than 6 years. After subtracting the average rotation rate and meridional flow, we have calculated the divergence of the horizontal residual flows from the maximum of Solar Cycle 23 through the declining phase of Cycle 24. The subsurface flows are mainly divergent at quiet regions and convergent at locations of high magnetic activity. The relationship is essentially linear between divergence and magnetic activity at all activity levels at depths shallower than about 10 Mm. At greater depths, the relationship changes sign at locations of high activity; the flows are increasingly divergent at locations with a magnetic activity index (MAI) greater than about 24 G. The flows are more convergent by about a factor of two during the rising phase of Cycle 24 than during the declining phase of Cycle 23 at locations of medium and high activity (about 10 to 40 G MAI) from the surface to at least 10 Mm. The subsurface divergence pattern of Solar Cycle 24 first appears during the declining phase of Cycle 23 and is present during the extended minimum. It appears several years before the magnetic pattern of the new cycle is noticeable in synoptic maps. Using linear regression, we estimate the amount of magnetic activity that would be required to generate the precursor pattern and find that it should be almost twice the amount of activity that is observed.

  16. IS THE SMALL-SCALE MAGNETIC FIELD CORRELATED WITH THE DYNAMO CYCLE?

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Karak, Bidya Binay; Brandenburg, Axel, E-mail: bbkarak@nordita.org

    2016-01-01

    The small-scale magnetic field is ubiquitous at the solar surface—even at high latitudes. From observations we know that this field is uncorrelated (or perhaps even weakly anticorrelated) with the global sunspot cycle. Our aim is to explore the origin, and particularly the cycle dependence, of such a phenomenon using three-dimensional dynamo simulations. We adopt a simple model of a turbulent dynamo in a shearing box driven by helically forced turbulence. Depending on the dynamo parameters, large-scale (global) and small-scale (local) dynamos can be excited independently in this model. Based on simulations in different parameter regimes, we find that, when onlymore » the large-scale dynamo is operating in the system, the small-scale magnetic field generated through shredding and tangling of the large-scale magnetic field is positively correlated with the global magnetic cycle. However, when both dynamos are operating, the small-scale field is produced from both the small-scale dynamo and the tangling of the large-scale field. In this situation, when the large-scale field is weaker than the equipartition value of the turbulence, the small-scale field is almost uncorrelated with the large-scale magnetic cycle. On the other hand, when the large-scale field is stronger than the equipartition value, we observe an anticorrelation between the small-scale field and the large-scale magnetic cycle. This anticorrelation can be interpreted as a suppression of the small-scale dynamo. Based on our studies we conclude that the observed small-scale magnetic field in the Sun is generated by the combined mechanisms of a small-scale dynamo and tangling of the large-scale field.« less

  17. Babcock Redux: An Amendment of Babcock's Schematic of the Sun's Magnetic Cycle

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moore, Ronald L.; Cirtain, Jonathan W.; Sterling, Alphonse C.

    2017-08-01

    We amend Babcock's original scenario for the global dynamo process that sustains the Sun's 22-year magnetic cycle. The amended scenario fits post-Babcock observed features of the magnetic activity cycle and convection zone, and is based on ideas of Spruit & Roberts (1983, Nature, 304, 401) about magnetic flux tubes in the convection zone. A sequence of four schematic cartoons lays out the proposed evolution of the global configuration of the magnetic field above, in, and at the bottom of the convection zone through sunspot Cycle 23 and into Cycle 24. Three key elements of the amended scenario are: (1) as the net following-polarity magnetic field from the sunspot-region Ω-loop fields of an ongoing sunspot cycle is swept poleward to cancel and replace the opposite-polarity polar-cap field from the previous sunspot cycle, it remains connected to the ongoing sunspot cycle's toroidal source-field band at the bottom of the convection zone; (2) topological pumping by the convection zone's free convection keeps the horizontal extent of the poleward-migrating following-polarity field pushed to the bottom, forcing it to gradually cancel and replace old horizontal field below it that connects the ongoing-cycle source-field band to the previous-cycle polar-cap field; (3) in each polar hemisphere, by continually shearing the poloidal component of the settling new horizontal field, the latitudinal differential rotation low in the convection zone generates the next-cycle source-field band poleward of the ongoing-cycle band. The amended scenario is a more-plausible version of Babcock's scenario, and its viability can be explored by appropriate kinematic flux-transport solar-dynamo simulations. A paper giving a full description of our dynamo scenario is posted on arXiv (http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.05371).This work was funded by the Heliophysics Division of NASA's Science Mission Directorate through the Living With a Star Targeted Research and Technology Program and the Hinode

  18. Magnetic helicity of the global field in solar cycles 23 and 24

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pipin, V. V.; Pevtsov, A. A.

    2014-07-01

    For the first time we reconstruct the magnetic helicity density of the global axisymmetric field of the Sun using the method proposed by Brandenburg et al. and Pipin et al. To determine the components of the vector potential, we apply a gauge which is typically employed in mean-field dynamo models. This allows for a direct comparison of the reconstructed helicity with the predictions from the mean-field dynamo models. We apply this method to two different data sets: the synoptic maps of the line-of-sight magnetic field from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) andmore » vector magnetic field measurements from the Vector Spectromagnetograph (VSM) on the Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun (SOLIS) system. Based on the analysis of the MDI/SOHO data, we find that in solar cycle 23 the global magnetic field had positive (negative) magnetic helicity in the northern (southern) hemisphere. This hemispheric sign asymmetry is opposite to the helicity of the solar active regions, but it is in agreement with the predictions of mean-field dynamo models. The data also suggest that the hemispheric helicity rule may have reversed its sign during the early and late phases of cycle 23. Furthermore, the data indicate an imbalance in magnetic helicity between the northern and southern hemispheres. This imbalance seems to correlate with the total level of activity in each hemisphere in cycle 23. The magnetic helicity for the rising phase of cycle 24 is derived from SOLIS/VSM data, and qualitatively its latitudinal pattern is similar to the pattern derived from SOHO/MDI data for cycle 23.« less

  19. Temporal relations between magnetic bright points and the solar sunspot cycle

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Utz, Dominik; Muller, Richard; Van Doorsselaere, Tom

    2017-12-01

    The Sun shows a global magnetic field cycle traditionally best visible in the photosphere as a changing sunspot cycle featuring roughly an 11-year period. In addition we know that our host star also harbours small-scale magnetic fields often seen as strong concentrations of magnetic flux reaching kG field strengths. These features are situated in inter-granular lanes, where they show up bright as so-called magnetic bright points (MBPs). In this short paper we wish to analyse an homogenous, nearly 10-year-long synoptic Hinode image data set recorded from 2006 November up to 2016 February in the G-band to inspect the relationship between the number of MBPs at the solar disc centre and the relative sunspot number. Our findings suggest that the number of MBPs at the solar disc centre is indeed correlated to the relative sunspot number, but with the particular feature of showing two different temporal shifts between the decreasing phase of cycle 23 including the minimum and the increasing phase of cycle 24 including the maximum. While the former is shifted by about 22 months, the latter is only shifted by less than 12 months. Moreover, we introduce and discuss an analytical model to predict the number of MBPs at the solar disc centre purely depending on the evolution of the relative sunspot number as well as the temporal change of the relative sunspot number and two background parameters describing a possibly acting surface dynamo as well as the strength of the magnetic field diffusion. Finally, we are able to confirm the plausibility of the temporal shifts by a simplistic random walk model. The main conclusion to be drawn from this work is that the injection of magnetic flux, coming from active regions as represented by sunspots, happens on faster time scales than the removal of small-scale magnetic flux elements later on.

  20. Oscillating dynamo in the presence of a fossil magnetic field - The solar cycle

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Levy, E. H.; Boyer, D.

    1982-01-01

    Hydromagnetic dynamo generation of oscillating magnetic fields in the presence of an external, ambient magnetic field introduces a marked polarity asymmetry between the two halves of the magnetic cycle. The principle of oscillating dynamo interaction with external fields is developed, and a tentative application to the sun is described. In the sun a dipole moment associated with the stable fluid beneath the convection zone would produce an asymmetrical solar cycle.

  1. Magnetic resonance imaging without field cycling at less than earth's magnetic field

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Seong-Joo; Shim, Jeong Hyun; Kim, Kiwoong; Yu, Kwon Kyu; Hwang, Seong-min

    2015-03-01

    A strong pre-polarization field, usually tenths of a milli-tesla in magnitude, is used to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in ordinary superconducting quantum interference device-based nuclear magnetic resonance/magnetic resonance imaging experiments. Here, we introduce an experimental approach using two techniques to remove the need for the pre-polarization field. A dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) technique enables us to measure an enhanced resonance signal. In combination with a π / 2 pulse to avoid the Bloch-Siegert effect in a micro-tesla field, we obtained an enhanced magnetic resonance image by using DNP technique with a 34.5 μT static external magnetic field without field cycling. In this approach, the problems of eddy current and flux trapping in the superconducting pickup coil, both due to the strong pre-polarization field, become negligible.

  2. Suppression of magnetostructural transition on GdSiGe thin film after thermal cyclings

    DOE PAGES

    Pires, A. L.; Belo, J. H.; Gomes, I. T.; ...

    2016-09-08

    The influence of thermal cycling on the microstructure, magnetic phase transition and magnetic entropy change of a Gd 5Si 1.3Ge 2.7 thin film up to 1000 cycles is investigated. The authors found that after 1000 cycles a strong reduction of the crystallographic phase responsible for the magnetostructural transition (Orthorhombic II phase) occurs. We attribute this to the chemical disorder, caused by the large number of expansion/compression cycles that the Orthorhombic II phase undergoes across the magnetostructural transition. The suppression of the magnetostructural transition corresponds to a drastic decrease of the thin film magnetic entropy change. Our results reveal the importancemore » of studying the thermal/magnetic cycles influence on magnetostructural transitions as they can damage a real-life device.« less

  3. DISTRIBUTION OF MAGNETIC BIPOLES ON THE SUN OVER THREE SOLAR CYCLES

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tlatov, Andrey G.; Vasil'eva, Valerya V.; Pevtsov, Alexei A., E-mail: tlatov@mail.r, E-mail: apevtsov@nso.ed

    We employ synoptic full disk longitudinal magnetograms to study latitudinal distribution and orientation (tilt) of magnetic bipoles in the course of sunspot activity during cycles 21, 22, and 23. The data set includes daily observations from the National Solar Observatory at Kitt Peak (1975-2002) and Michelson Doppler Imager on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (MDI/SOHO, 1996-2009). Bipole pairs were selected on the basis of proximity and flux balance of two neighboring flux elements of opposite polarity. Using the area of the bipoles, we have separated them into small quiet-Sun bipoles (QSBs), ephemeral regions (ERs), and active regions (ARs). Wemore » find that in their orientation, ERs and ARs follow Hale-Nicholson polarity rule. As expected, AR tilts follow Joy's law. ERs, however, show significantly larger tilts of opposite sign for a given hemisphere. QSBs are randomly oriented. Unlike ARs, ERs also show a preference in their orientation depending on the polarity of the large-scale magnetic field. These orientation properties may indicate that some ERs may form at or near the photosphere via the random encounter of opposite polarity elements, while others may originate in the convection zone at about the same location as ARs. The combined latitudinal distribution of ERs and ARs exhibits a clear presence of Spoerer's butterfly diagram (equatorward drift in the course of a solar cycle). ERs extend the ARs' 'wing' of the butterfly diagram to higher latitudes. This high latitude extension of ERs suggests an extended solar cycle with the first magnetic elements of the next cycle developing shortly after the maximum of the previous cycle. The polarity orientation and tilt of ERs may suggest the presence of poloidal fields of two configurations (new cycle and old cycle) in the convection zone at the declining phase of the sunspot cycle.« less

  4. A Magnetohydrodynamic Modeling of the Interchange Cycle for Oblique Northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Watanabe, Masakazu; Fujita, Shigeru; Tanaka, Takashi; Kubota, Yasubumi; Shinagawa, Hiroyuki; Murata, Ken T.

    2018-01-01

    We perform numerical modeling of the interchange cycle in the magnetosphere-ionosphere convection system for oblique northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The interchange cycle results from the coupling of IMF-to-lobe reconnection and lobe-to-closed reconnection. Using a global magnetohydrodynamic simulation code, for an IMF clock angle of 20° (measured from due north), we successfully reproduced the following features of the interchange cycle. (1) In the ionosphere, for each hemisphere, there appears a reverse cell circulating exclusively in the closed field line region (the reciprocal cell). (2) The topology transition of the magnetic field along a streamline near the equatorial plane precisely represents the magnetic flux reciprocation during the interchange cycle. (3) Field-aligned electric fields on the interplanetary-open separatrix and on the open-closed separatrix are those that are consistent with IMF-to-lobe reconnection and lobe-to-closed reconnection, respectively. These three features prove the existence of the interchange cycle in the simulated magnetosphere-ionosphere system. We conclude that the interchange cycle does exist in the real solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere system. In addition, the simulation revealed that the reciprocal cell described above is not a direct projection of the diffusion region as predicted by the "vacuum" model in which diffusion is added a priori to the vacuum magnetic topology. Instead, the reciprocal cell is a consequence of the plasma convection system coupled to the so-called NBZ ("northward Bz") field-aligned current system.

  5. Using a Magnetic Flux Transport Model to Predict the Solar Cycle

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lyatskaya, S.; Hathaway, D.; Winebarger, A.

    2007-01-01

    We present the results of an investigation into the use of a magnetic flux transport model to predict the amplitude of future solar cycles. Recently Dikpati, de Toma, & Gilman (2006) showed how their dynamo model could be used to accurately predict the amplitudes of the last eight solar cycles and offered a prediction for the next solar cycle - a large amplitude cycle. Cameron & Schussler (2007) found that they could reproduce this predictive skill with a simple 1-dimensional surface flux transport model - provided they used the same parameters and data as Dikpati, de Toma, & Gilman. However, when they tried incorporating the data in what they argued was a more realistic manner, they found that the predictive skill dropped dramatically. We have written our own code for examining this problem and have incorporated updated and corrected data for the source terms - the emergence of magnetic flux in active regions. We present both the model itself and our results from it - in particular our tests of its effectiveness at predicting solar cycles.

  6. CONTROLLING INFLUENCE OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON SOLAR WIND OUTFLOW: AN INVESTIGATION USING CURRENT SHEET SOURCE SURFACE MODEL

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Poduval, B., E-mail: bpoduval@spacescience.org

    2016-08-10

    This Letter presents the results of an investigation into the controlling influence of large-scale magnetic field of the Sun in determining the solar wind outflow using two magnetostatic coronal models: current sheet source surface (CSSS) and potential field source surface. For this, we made use of the Wang and Sheeley inverse correlation between magnetic flux expansion rate (FTE) and observed solar wind speed (SWS) at 1 au. During the period of study, extended over solar cycle 23 and beginning of solar cycle 24, we found that the coefficients of the fitted quadratic equation representing the FTE–SWS inverse relation exhibited significantmore » temporal variation, implying the changing pattern of the influence of FTE on SWS over time. A particularly noteworthy feature is an anomaly in the behavior of the fitted coefficients during the extended minimum, 2008–2010 (CRs 2073–2092), which is considered due to the particularly complex nature of the solar magnetic field during this period. However, this variation was significant only for the CSSS model, though not a systematic dependence on the phase of the solar cycle. Further, we noticed that the CSSS model demonstrated better solar wind prediction during the period of study, which we attribute to the treatment of volume and sheet currents throughout the corona and the more accurate tracing of footpoint locations resulting from the geometry of the model.« less

  7. SOLAR CYCLE PROPAGATION, MEMORY, AND PREDICTION: INSIGHTS FROM A CENTURY OF MAGNETIC PROXIES

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Munoz-Jaramillo, Andres; DeLuca, Edward E.; Dasi-Espuig, Maria

    The solar cycle and its associated magnetic activity are the main drivers behind changes in the interplanetary environment and Earth's upper atmosphere (commonly referred to as space weather). These changes have a direct impact on the lifetime of space-based assets and can create hazards to astronauts in space. In recent years there has been an effort to develop accurate solar cycle predictions (with aims at predicting the long-term evolution of space weather), leading to nearly a hundred widely spread predictions for the amplitude of solar cycle 24. A major contributor to the disagreement is the lack of direct long-term databasesmore » covering different components of the solar magnetic field (toroidal versus poloidal). Here, we use sunspot area and polar faculae measurements spanning a full century (as our toroidal and poloidal field proxies) to study solar cycle propagation, memory, and prediction. Our results substantiate predictions based on the polar magnetic fields, whereas we find sunspot area to be uncorrelated with cycle amplitude unless multiplied by area-weighted average tilt. This suggests that the joint assimilation of tilt and sunspot area is a better choice (with aims to cycle prediction) than sunspot area alone, and adds to the evidence in favor of active region emergence and decay as the main mechanism of poloidal field generation (i.e., the Babcock-Leighton mechanism). Finally, by looking at the correlation between our poloidal and toroidal proxies across multiple cycles, we find solar cycle memory to be limited to only one cycle.« less

  8. Using the Solar Polar Magnetic Field for Longterm Predictions of Solar Activity, Solar Cycles 21-25

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pesnell, W. D.; Schatten, K. H.

    2017-12-01

    We briefly review the dynamo and geomagnetic precursor methods of long-term solar activity forecasting. These methods depend upon the most basic aspect of dynamo theory to predict future activity, future magnetic field arises directly from the amplification of pre-existing magnetic field. We then generalize the dynamo technique, allowing the method to be used at any phase of the solar cycle, to the Solar Dynamo Amplitude (SODA) index. This index is sensitive to the magnetic flux trapped within the Sun's convection zone but insensitive to the phase of the solar cycle. Since magnetic fields inside the Sun can become buoyant, one may think of the acronym SODA as describing the amount of buoyant flux. We will show how effective the SODA Index has been in predicting Solar Cycles 23 and 24, and present a unified picture of earlier estimates of the polar magnetic configuration in Solar Cycle 21 and 22. Using the present value of the SODA index, we estimate that the next cycle's smoothed peak activity will be about 125 ± 30 solar flux units for the 10.7 cm radio flux and a sunspot number of 70 ± 25. This suggests that Solar Cycle 25 will be comparable to Solar Cycle 24. Since the current approach uses data prior to solar minimum, these estimates may improve when the upcoming solar minimum is reached.

  9. ON POLAR MAGNETIC FIELD REVERSAL AND SURFACE FLUX TRANSPORT DURING SOLAR CYCLE 24

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sun, Xudong; Todd Hoeksema, J.; Liu, Yang

    As each solar cycle progresses, remnant magnetic flux from active regions (ARs) migrates poleward to cancel the old-cycle polar field. We describe this polarity reversal process during Cycle 24 using four years (2010.33-2014.33) of line-of-sight magnetic field measurements from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager. The total flux associated with ARs reached maximum in the north in 2011, more than two years earlier than the south; the maximum is significantly weaker than Cycle 23. The process of polar field reversal is relatively slow, north-south asymmetric, and episodic. We estimate that the global axial dipole changed sign in 2013 October; the northernmore » and southern polar fields (mean above 60° latitude) reversed in 2012 November and 2014 March, respectively, about 16 months apart. Notably, the poleward surges of flux in each hemisphere alternated in polarity, giving rise to multiple reversals in the north. We show that the surges of the trailing sunspot polarity tend to correspond to normal mean AR tilt, higher total AR flux, or slower mid-latitude near-surface meridional flow, while exceptions occur during low magnetic activity. In particular, the AR flux and the mid-latitude poleward flow speed exhibit a clear anti-correlation. We discuss how these features can be explained in a surface flux transport process that includes a field-dependent converging flow toward the ARs, a characteristic that may contribute to solar cycle variability.« less

  10. Prediction of solar activity from solar background magnetic field variations in cycles 21-23

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Shepherd, Simon J.; Zharkov, Sergei I.; Zharkova, Valentina V., E-mail: s.j.shepherd@brad.ac.uk, E-mail: s.zharkov@hull.ac.uk, E-mail: valentina.zharkova@northumbria.ac.uk

    2014-11-01

    A comprehensive spectral analysis of both the solar background magnetic field (SBMF) in cycles 21-23 and the sunspot magnetic field in cycle 23 reported in our recent paper showed the presence of two principal components (PCs) of SBMF having opposite polarity, e.g., originating in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. Over a duration of one solar cycle, both waves are found to travel with an increasing phase shift toward the northern hemisphere in odd cycles 21 and 23 and to the southern hemisphere in even cycle 22. These waves were linked to solar dynamo waves assumed to form in differentmore » layers of the solar interior. In this paper, for the first time, the PCs of SBMF in cycles 21-23 are analyzed with the symbolic regression technique using Hamiltonian principles, allowing us to uncover the underlying mathematical laws governing these complex waves in the SBMF presented by PCs and to extrapolate these PCs to cycles 24-26. The PCs predicted for cycle 24 very closely fit (with an accuracy better than 98%) the PCs derived from the SBMF observations in this cycle. This approach also predicts a strong reduction of the SBMF in cycles 25 and 26 and, thus, a reduction of the resulting solar activity. This decrease is accompanied by an increasing phase shift between the two predicted PCs (magnetic waves) in cycle 25 leading to their full separation into the opposite hemispheres in cycle 26. The variations of the modulus summary of the two PCs in SBMF reveals a remarkable resemblance to the average number of sunspots in cycles 21-24 and to predictions of reduced sunspot numbers compared to cycle 24: 80% in cycle 25 and 40% in cycle 26.« less

  11. MAGNETIC CYCLES IN A DYNAMO SIMULATION OF FULLY CONVECTIVE M-STAR PROXIMA CENTAURI

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Yadav, Rakesh K.; Wolk, Scott J.; Christensen, Ulrich R.

    2016-12-20

    The recent discovery of an Earth-like exoplanet around Proxima Centauri has shined a spot light on slowly rotating fully convective M-stars. When such stars rotate rapidly (period ≲20 days), they are known to generate very high levels of activity that is powered by a magnetic field much stronger than the solar magnetic field. Recent theoretical efforts are beginning to understand the dynamo process that generates such strong magnetic fields. However, the observational and theoretical landscape remains relatively uncharted for fully convective M-stars that rotate slowly. Here, we present an anelastic dynamo simulation designed to mimic some of the physical characteristicsmore » of Proxima Centauri, a representative case for slowly rotating fully convective M-stars. The rotating convection spontaneously generates differential rotation in the convection zone that drives coherent magnetic cycles where the axisymmetric magnetic field repeatedly changes polarity at all latitudes as time progress. The typical length of the “activity” cycle in the simulation is about nine years, in good agreement with the recently proposed activity cycle length of about seven years for Proxima Centauri. Comparing our results with earlier work, we hypothesis that the dynamo mechanism undergoes a fundamental change in nature as fully convective stars spin down with age.« less

  12. Progesterone concentrations during estrous cycle of dairy cows exposed to electric and magnetic fields.

    PubMed

    Burchard, J F; Nguyen, D H; Block, E

    1998-01-01

    Sixteen multiparous nonpregnant lactating Holstein cows (each weighing 662 +/- 65 kg in 150.4 +/- 40 day of lactation) were confined to wooden metabolic cages with 12:12 h light:dark cycle during the experiment. The cows were divided into two sequences of eight cows each and exposed to electric and magnetic fields (EMF) in an exposure chamber. This chamber produced a vertical electric field of 10 kV/m and a uniform horizontal magnetic field of 30 microT at 60 Hz. One sequence was exposed for three estrous cycles of 24 to 27 days. During the first estrous cycle, the electric and magnetic fields were off; during the second estrous cycle, they were on; and during the third estrous cycle, they were off. The second sequence was also exposed for three 24 to 26 days estrous cycles, but the exposure to the fields was reversed (first estrous cycle, on; second estrous cycle, off; third estrous cycle, on). The length of each exposure period (21 to 27 days) varied according to the estrous cycle length. No differences were detected in plasma progesterone concentrations and area under the progesterone curve during estrous cycles between EMF nonexposed and exposed periods (2.28 +/- 0.17 and 2.25 +/- 0.17; and 24.5 +/- 1.9 vs. 26.4 +/- 1.9 ng/ml, respectively). However, estrous cycle length, determined by the presence of a functional corpus luteum detected by concentrations of progesterone equal to or more than 1 ng/ml plasma, was shorter in nonexposed cows than when they were exposed to EMF (22.0 +/- 0.9 vs. 25.3 +/- 1.4 days).

  13. Key influences on motivations for utility cycling (cycling for transport to and from places).

    PubMed

    Heesch, Kristiann C; Sahlqvist, Shannon

    2013-12-01

    Although increases in cycling in Brisbane are encouraging, bicycle mode share to work (the proportion of people travelling to work by bicycle) in the state of Queensland remains low. The aim of this qualitative study was to draw upon the lived experiences of Queensland cyclists to understand the main motivators for utility cycling (cycling as a means to get to and from places) and compare motivators between utility cyclists (those who cycle for utility as well as for recreation) and non-utility cyclists (those who cycle only for recreation). For an online survey, members of a bicycle group (831 utility cyclists and 931 non-utility cyclists, aged 18-90 years) were asked to describe, unprompted, what would motivate them to engage in utility cycling (more often). Responses were coded into themes within four levels of an ecological model. Within an ecological model, built environment influences on motivation were grouped according to whether they related to appeal (safety), convenience (accessibility) or attractiveness (more amenities) and included adequate infrastructure for short trips, bikeway connectivity, end-of-trip facilities at public locations and easy and safe bicycle access to destinations outside of cities. A key social-cultural influence related to improved interactions among different road users. The built and social-cultural environments need to be more supportive of utility cycling before even current utility and non-utility cyclists will be motivated to engage (more often) in utility cycling. SO WHAT?: Additional government strategies and more and better infrastructure that support utility cycling beyond commuter cycling may encourage a utility cycling culture.

  14. The Influence of Eccentricity Cycles on Exoplanet Habitability

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baskin, N. J. K.; Fabrycky, D. C.; Abbot, D. S.

    2015-12-01

    In our search for habitable exoplanets, it is important to understand how planetary habitability is influenced by orbital configurations that differ from those of the terrestrial planets in our Solar system. In particular, observational surveys have revealed the prevalence of planetary systems around binary stars. Within these systems, the gravitational influence of a companion star can induce libration in the eccentricity of the planet's orbit (referred to as Kozai Cycles) on timescales as short as thousands of years. The resulting fluctuations in stellar flux at the top of the atmosphere can potentially induce dramatic variations in surface temperatures, with direct implications for the planet's habitability prospects. We investigate this research problem using two steps. First, we utilize the MERCURY N-body integrator in order to calculate the eccentricity of a hypothetical Earth-analogue under the gravitational influence of a stellar companion. Second, we run a coupled Global Climate Model (GCM) at various stages of a cycle provided by the MERCURY runs in order to examine if the increase in insolation renders the planet uninhabitable. This work will allow us to better understand how Kozai cycles influence the boundaries of a planet's habitable zone.

  15. Life Cycle Assessment of Neodymium-Iron-Boron Magnet-to-Magnet Recycling for Electric Vehicle Motors.

    PubMed

    Jin, Hongyue; Afiuny, Peter; Dove, Stephen; Furlan, Gojmir; Zakotnik, Miha; Yih, Yuehwern; Sutherland, John W

    2018-03-20

    Neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets offer the strongest magnetic field per unit volume, and thus, are widely used in clean energy applications such as electric vehicle motors. However, rare earth elements (REEs), which are the key materials for creating NdFeB magnets, have been subject to significant supply uncertainty in the past decade. NdFeB magnet-to-magnet recycling has recently emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate this supply risk. This paper assesses the environmental footprint of NdFeB magnet-to-magnet recycling by directly measuring the environmental inputs and outputs from relevant industries and compares the results with production from "virgin" materials, using life cycle assessments. It was found that magnet-to-magnet recycling lowers environmental impacts by 64-96%, depending on the specific impact categories under investigation. With magnet-to-magnet recycling, key processes that contribute 77-95% of the total impacts were identified to be (1) hydrogen mixing and milling (13-52%), (2) sintering and annealing (6-24%), and (3) electroplating (6-75%). The inputs from industrial sphere that play key roles in creating these impacts were electricity (24-93% of the total impact) and nickel (5-75%) for coating. Therefore, alternative energy sources such as wind and hydroelectric power are suggested to further reduce the overall environmental footprint of NdFeB magnet-to-magnet recycling.

  16. STELLAR MAGNETIC CYCLES IN THE SOLAR-LIKE STARS KEPLER-17 AND KEPLER-63

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Estrela, Raissa; Valio, Adriana, E-mail: rlf.estrela@gmail.com, E-mail: avalio@craam.mackenzie.br

    2016-11-01

    The stellar magnetic field plays a crucial role in the star internal mechanisms, as in the interactions with its environment. The study of starspots provides information about the stellar magnetic field and can characterize the cycle. Moreover, the analysis of solar-type stars is also useful to shed light onto the origin of the solar magnetic field. The objective of this work is to characterize the magnetic activity of stars. Here, we studied two solar-type stars, Kepler-17 and Kepler-63, using two methods to estimate the magnetic cycle length. The first one characterizes the spots (radius, intensity, and location) by fitting themore » small variations in the light curve of a star caused by the occultation of a spot during a planetary transit. This approach yields the number of spots present in the stellar surface and the flux deficit subtracted from the star by their presence during each transit. The second method estimates the activity from the excess in the residuals of the transit light curves. This excess is obtained by subtracting a spotless model transit from the light curve and then integrating all the residuals during the transit. The presence of long-term periodicity is estimated in both time series. With the first method, we obtained P {sub cycle} = 1.12 ± 0.16 year (Kepler-17) and P {sub cycle} = 1.27 ± 0.16 year (Kepler-63), and for the second approach the values are 1.35 ± 0.27 year and 1.27 ± 0.12 year, respectively. The results of both methods agree with each other and confirm their robustness.« less

  17. Solar Sources and Geospace Consequences of Interplanetary Magnetic Clouds Observed During Solar Cycle 23

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gopalswamy, N.; Akiyama, S.; Yashiro, S.; Michalek, G.; Lepping, R. P.

    2007-01-01

    We present results of a statistical investigation of 99 magnetic clouds (MCs) observed during 1995-2005. The MC-associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are faster and wider on the average and originate within +/-30deg from the solar disk center. The solar sources of MCs also followed the butterfly diagram. The correlation between the magnetic field strength and speed of MCs was found to be valid over a much wider range of speeds. The number of south-north (SN) MCs was dominant and decreased with solar cycle, while the number of north-south (NS) MCs increased confirming the odd-cycle behavior. Two-thirds of MCs were geoeffective; the Dst index was highly correlated with speed and magnetic field in MCs as well as their product. Many (55%) fully northward (FN) MCs were geoeffective solely due to their sheaths. The non-geoeffective MCs were slower (average speed approx. 382 km/s), had a weaker southward magnetic field (average approx. -5.2nT), and occurred mostly during the rise phase of the solar activity cycle.

  18. POLAR NETWORK INDEX AS A MAGNETIC PROXY FOR THE SOLAR CYCLE STUDIES

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Priyal, Muthu; Banerjee, Dipankar; Ravindra, B.

    2014-09-20

    The Sun has a polar magnetic field which oscillates with the 11 yr sunspot cycle. This polar magnetic field is an important component of the dynamo process which operates in the solar convection zone and produces the sunspot cycle. We have direct systematic measurements of the Sun's polar magnetic field only from about the mid-1970s. There are, however, indirect proxies which give us information about this field at earlier times. The Ca-K spectroheliograms taken at the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory during 1904-2007 have now been digitized with 4k × 4k CCD and have higher resolution (∼0.86 arcsec) than the other available historical datamore » sets. From these Ca-K spectroheliograms, we have developed a completely new proxy (polar network index, hereafter PNI) for the Sun's polar magnetic field. We calculate PNI from the digitized images using an automated algorithm and calibrate our measured PNI against the polar field as measured by the Wilcox Solar Observatory for the period 1976-1990. This calibration allows us to estimate the polar fields for the earlier period up to 1904. The dynamo calculations performed with this proxy as input data reproduce reasonably well the Sun's magnetic behavior for the past century.« less

  19. MAGNETIC ACTIVITY CYCLES IN THE EXOPLANET HOST STAR {epsilon} ERIDANI

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Metcalfe, T. S.; Mathur, S.; Buccino, A. P.

    2013-02-01

    The active K2 dwarf {epsilon} Eri has been extensively characterized both as a young solar analog and more recently as an exoplanet host star. As one of the nearest and brightest stars in the sky, it provides an unparalleled opportunity to constrain stellar dynamo theory beyond the Sun. We confirm and document the 3-year magnetic activity cycle in {epsilon} Eri originally reported by Hatzes and coworkers, and we examine the archival data from previous observations spanning 45 years. The data show coexisting 3-year and 13-year periods leading into a broad activity minimum that resembles a Maunder minimum-like state, followed bymore » the resurgence of a coherent 3-year cycle. The nearly continuous activity record suggests the simultaneous operation of two stellar dynamos with cycle periods of 2.95 {+-} 0.03 years and 12.7 {+-} 0.3 years, which, by analogy with the solar case, suggests a revised identification of the dynamo mechanisms that are responsible for the so-called 'active' and 'inactive' sequences as proposed by Boehm-Vitense. Finally, based on the observed properties of {epsilon} Eri, we argue that the rotational history of the Sun is what makes it an outlier in the context of magnetic cycles observed in other stars (as also suggested by its Li depletion), and that a Jovian-mass companion cannot be the universal explanation for the solar peculiarities.« less

  20. Colaba-Alibag magnetic observatory and Nanabhoy Moos: the influence of one over the other

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gawali, P. B.; Doiphode, M. G.; Nimje, R. N.

    2015-09-01

    The first permanent magnetic observatories in colonial India were established by the East India Company and under the Göttingen Magnetic Union. One of the world's longest running observatories was set up at Colaba (Bombay) in 1841, which was shifted to Alibag in 1904 to avoid electric traction effects on magnetic recordings. The observatory is located at the northwestern tip of Maharashtra, India, on the Arabian Sea. The magnetic data at Colaba were collected through eye-observation instruments from 1841 to 1872 and by photographic (magnetograph) instruments from 1872 to 1905, which reveal seasonal and other periodic effects on geomagnetic elements. Seasonal influence can be deciphered on the H minimum, but not on the maximum; the disturbances in March and April were opposite to those in December and January. D was maximum in 1880 (57' E) and minimum in 1904 (10' E). The data from 1882 to 1905 revealed that H annual inequality was influenced by 5.5-year periodicity, D by 13.5 days from 1888 to 1905, and I and Z by 11-year periodicity from 1894 to 1905 and 1873 to 1905, respectively. Secular variation of Z was parallel to that of I. Z exhibited an increasing trend from 1868 (12 874 nT) to 1905 (15 083 nT). The plan and location of Colaba-Alibag as well as the instruments used are discussed. The initial Colaba magnetic data containing "magnetic disturbances" was harnessed to identify the "disturbing point" on Earth. Nanabhoy Moos, the first Indian director, presciently hinted at a solar origin for magnetic disturbances, revealed the dependence of magnetic elements on the sunspot cycle, unraveled disturbance daily variation, and tried to understand the association, if any, between geomagnetic, seismological and meteorological phenomena. The two giant volumes published in 1910 attest to Moos' seminal work and his inventiveness in organizing and analyzing long series data. He also had a major role in moving Colaba magnetic observatory to Alibag. Thus, the observatory

  1. The influence of a temporary magnetic field on chicken hatching.

    PubMed

    Toman, Robert; Jedlicka, Jaroslav; Broucek, Ján

    2002-01-01

    The influence of magnetic field with the intensity of 0.07T on the hatching of the Hampshire breed chicken was investigated. The hatchability of the eggs that were influenced by magnetic field during the storage of the egg set (20-40 min) was increased in comparison with eggs that were not influenced by magnetic field (p < 0.05). In the eggs influenced by magnetic field during their incubation, the hatchability in experimental groups E1 and E2 decreased to 70.08 +/- 1.93% and 70.75 +/- 2.13%, respectively. The difference were significant (p < 0.001) in comparison with the control groups C1 and C2. The negative influence of magnetic field was manifested by lower weight of the hatched chickens in the experimental groups E1 (35.07 +/- 0.95 g) and E2 (35.94 +/- 0.97 g). The results were relevant (p < 0.05) in comparison with the control groups with the average weight of hatched chickens 41.83 +/- 1.15 g (C1) and 44.27 +/- 0.73 g (C2).

  2. Meridional Flow Variations in Cycles 23 and 24: Active Latitude Control of Sunspot Cycle Amplitudes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hathaway, David H.; Upton, Lisa

    2013-01-01

    We have measured the meridional motions of magnetic elements observed in the photosphere over sunspot cycles 23 and 24 using magnetograms from SOHO/MDI and SDO/HMI. Our measurements confirm the finding of Komm, Howard, and Harvey (1993) that the poleward meridional flow weakens at cycle maxima. Our high spatial and temporal resolution analyses show that this variation is in the form of a superimposed inflow toward the active latitudes. This inflow is weaker in cycle 24 when compared to the inflow in 23, the stronger cycle. This systematic modulation of the meridional flow can modulate the amplitude of the following sunspot cycle through its influence on the Sun's polar fields.

  3. TWO NOVEL PARAMETERS TO EVALUATE THE GLOBAL COMPLEXITY OF THE SUN'S MAGNETIC FIELD AND TRACK THE SOLAR CYCLE

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zhao, L.; Landi, E.; Gibson, S. E., E-mail: lzh@umich.edu

    2013-08-20

    Since the unusually prolonged and weak solar minimum between solar cycles 23 and 24 (2008-2010), the sunspot number is smaller and the overall morphology of the Sun's magnetic field is more complicated (i.e., less of a dipole component and more of a tilted current sheet) compared with the same minimum and ascending phases of the previous cycle. Nearly 13 yr after the last solar maximum ({approx}2000), the monthly sunspot number is currently only at half the highest value of the past cycle's maximum, whereas the polar magnetic field of the Sun is reversing (north pole first). These circumstances make itmore » timely to consider alternatives to the sunspot number for tracking the Sun's magnetic cycle and measuring its complexity. In this study, we introduce two novel parameters, the standard deviation (SD) of the latitude of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) and the integrated slope (SL) of the HCS, to evaluate the complexity of the Sun's magnetic field and track the solar cycle. SD and SL are obtained from the magnetic synoptic maps calculated by a potential field source surface model. We find that SD and SL are sensitive to the complexity of the HCS: (1) they have low values when the HCS is flat at solar minimum, and high values when the HCS is highly tilted at solar maximum; (2) they respond to the topology of the HCS differently, as a higher SD value indicates that a larger part of the HCS extends to higher latitude, while a higher SL value implies that the HCS is wavier; (3) they are good indicators of magnetically anomalous cycles. Based on the comparison between SD and SL with the normalized sunspot number in the most recent four solar cycles, we find that in 2011 the solar magnetic field had attained a similar complexity as compared to the previous maxima. In addition, in the ascending phase of cycle 24, SD and SL in the northern hemisphere were on the average much greater than in the southern hemisphere, indicating a more tilted and wavier HCS in the

  4. Dynamo generation of magnetic fields in three-dimensional space - Solar cycle main flux tube formation and reversals

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yoshimura, H.

    1983-08-01

    The case of the solar magnetic cycle is investigated as a prototype of the dynamo processes involved in the generation of magnetic fields in astrophysics. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations are solved using a numerical method with a prescribed velocity field in order follow the movement and deformation. It is shown that a simple combination of differential rotation and global convection, given by a linear analysis of fluid dynamics in a rotating sphere, can perpetually create and reverse great magnetic flux tubes encircling the sun. These main flux tubes of the solar cycle are the progenitors of small-scale flux ropes of the solar activity. These findings indicate that magnetic fields can be generated by fluid motions and that MHD equations have a new type of oscillatory solution. It is shown that the solar cycle can be identified with one of these oscillatory solutions. It is proposed that the formation of magnetic flux tubes by streaming plasma flows is a universal mechanism of flux tube formation in astrophysics.

  5. Influence of magnetization on the applied magnetic field in various AMR regenerators

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mira, A.; de Larochelambert, T.; Espanet, C.; Giurgea, S.; Nika, P.; Bahl, C. R. H.; Bjørk, R.; Nielsen, K. K.

    2017-10-01

    The aim of this work is to assess the influence of a magnetic sample on the applied magnetic field inside the air gap of a magnetic circuit. Different magnetic sources including an electromagnet, a permanent magnet in a soft ferromagnetic toroidal yoke, as well as 2D and 3D Halbach cylinders are considered, using a numerical model. Gadolinium is chosen as magnetic material for the sample, due to its strong magnetocaloric properties and its wide use in magnetic refrigeration prototypes. We find that using uniform theoretical demagnetizing factors for cylinders or spheres results in a deviation of less than 2% in the calculation of internal magnetic fields at temperatures above the Curie point of gadolinium. Below the Curie point, a stronger magnetization of the cylinders and spheres leads to a larger deviation which can reach 8% when using uniform demagnetizing factors for internal magnetic field calculations.

  6. SUN-LIKE MAGNETIC CYCLES IN THE RAPIDLY ROTATING YOUNG SOLAR ANALOG HD 30495

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Egeland, Ricky; Metcalfe, Travis S.; Hall, Jeffrey C.

    A growing body of evidence suggests that multiple dynamo mechanisms can drive magnetic variability on different timescales, not only in the Sun but also in other stars. Many solar activity proxies exhibit a quasi-biennial (∼2 year) variation, which is superimposed upon the dominant 11 year cycle. A well-characterized stellar sample suggests at least two different relationships between rotation period and cycle period, with some stars exhibiting long and short cycles simultaneously. Within this sample, the solar cycle periods are typical of a more rapidly rotating star, implying that the Sun might be in a transitional state or that it hasmore » an unusual evolutionary history. In this work, we present new and archival observations of dual magnetic cycles in the young solar analog HD 30495, a ∼1 Gyr old G1.5 V star with a rotation period near 11 days. This star falls squarely on the relationships established by the broader stellar sample, with short-period variations at ∼1.7 years and a long cycle of ∼12 years. We measure three individual long-period cycles and find durations ranging from 9.6 to 15.5 years. We find the short-term variability to be intermittent, but present throughout the majority of the time series, though its occurrence and amplitude are uncorrelated with the longer cycle. These essentially solar-like variations occur in a Sun-like star with more rapid rotation, though surface differential rotation measurements leave open the possibility of a solar equivalence.« less

  7. In vivo detection of brain Krebs cycle intermediate by hyperpolarized magnetic resonance.

    PubMed

    Mishkovsky, Mor; Comment, Arnaud; Gruetter, Rolf

    2012-12-01

    The Krebs (or tricarboxylic acid (TCA)) cycle has a central role in the regulation of brain energy regulation and metabolism, yet brain TCA cycle intermediates have never been directly detected in vivo. This study reports the first direct in vivo observation of a TCA cycle intermediate in intact brain, namely, 2-oxoglutarate, a key biomolecule connecting metabolism to neuronal activity. Our observation reveals important information about in vivo biochemical processes hitherto considered undetectable. In particular, it provides direct evidence that transport across the inner mitochondria membrane is rate limiting in the brain. The hyperpolarized magnetic resonance protocol designed for this study opens the way to direct and real-time studies of TCA cycle kinetics.

  8. In vivo detection of brain Krebs cycle intermediate by hyperpolarized magnetic resonance

    PubMed Central

    Mishkovsky, Mor; Comment, Arnaud; Gruetter, Rolf

    2012-01-01

    The Krebs (or tricarboxylic acid (TCA)) cycle has a central role in the regulation of brain energy regulation and metabolism, yet brain TCA cycle intermediates have never been directly detected in vivo. This study reports the first direct in vivo observation of a TCA cycle intermediate in intact brain, namely, 2-oxoglutarate, a key biomolecule connecting metabolism to neuronal activity. Our observation reveals important information about in vivo biochemical processes hitherto considered undetectable. In particular, it provides direct evidence that transport across the inner mitochondria membrane is rate limiting in the brain. The hyperpolarized magnetic resonance protocol designed for this study opens the way to direct and real-time studies of TCA cycle kinetics. PMID:22990416

  9. Do lunar cycles influence in vitro fertilization results?

    PubMed

    Weigert, Monika; Kaali, Steven G; Kulin, Sandor; Feichtinger, Wilfried

    2002-11-01

    Our objective was to investigate the lunar influence on IVF-ET outcomes. Between 1992 and 1999 we have completed 7572 preprogrammed IVF-ET treatment cycles with the same stimulation protocol in two outpatient units. (Vienna, Austria and Budapest, Hungary) Multiple regression (SAS; proc Logistic) and two separate analyses were performed on pregnancy rates using a harmonic sinoidal trend based on the synodic and anomalistic lunar cycles respectively. The overall pregnancy rate was 30.9%. The amplitude of harmonic sinoidal, trend for the synodic lunar cycles was chi2 = 1.63,2d.f., p = 0.44 and chi2 = 6.27,2d.f., p = 0.044 for the anomalistic moon periods. For the anomalistic lunar months the amplitude of harmonic sinoidal trend was borderline in terms of higher pregnancy rates with the moon in Perigee. The cause of seasonal changes in IVF-ET outcomes is probably very complex. Our results indicate that lunar influence may only be one of the contributing factors. Further studies are needed to clarify unexplained fluctuations of pregnancy outcomes.

  10. Sex and menstrual cycle influences on three aspects of attention.

    PubMed

    Pletzer, Belinda; Harris, Ti-Anni; Ortner, Tuulia

    2017-10-01

    Sex differences and menstrual cycle influences have been investigated in a variety of cognitive abilities, but results regarding attention are comparably sparse. In the present study, 35 men and 32 naturally cycling women completed three attention tasks, which are commonly used in neuropsychological assessment situations. All participants completed two sessions, which were time-locked to the follicular (low progesterone) and luteal cycle phase (high progesterone) in women. The results reveal higher operation speed during sustained attention in men, but no sex differences in selected and divided attention. Menstrual cycle influences were observed on accuracy in all three tasks. During divided and sustained attention, for which a male advantage was previously reported, accuracy was higher during the early follicular compared to the mid-luteal cycle phase. Furthermore, during selected and sustained attention the learning effect from the first to the second test session was higher in women who started the experiment in their luteal cycle phase. These results suggest a possible role of progesterone in modulating the ability to focus on certain stimulus aspects, while inhibiting others and to sustain attention over a longer period of time. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. Study and Development of an Air Conditioning System Operating on a Magnetic Heat Pump Cycle

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wang, Pao-Lien

    1991-01-01

    This report describes the design of a laboratory scale demonstration prototype of an air conditioning system operating on a magnetic heat pump cycle. Design parameters were selected through studies performed by a Kennedy Space Center (KSC) System Simulation Computer Model. The heat pump consists of a rotor turning through four magnetic fields that are created by permanent magnets. Gadolinium was selected as the working material for this demonstration prototype. The rotor was designed to be constructed of flat parallel disks of gadolinium with very little space in between. The rotor rotates in an aluminum housing. The laboratory scale demonstration prototype is designed to provide a theoretical Carnot Cycle efficiency of 62 percent and a Coefficient of Performance of 16.55.

  12. Menstrual cycle influence on cognitive function and emotion processing-from a reproductive perspective.

    PubMed

    Sundström Poromaa, Inger; Gingnell, Malin

    2014-01-01

    The menstrual cycle has attracted research interest ever since the 1930s. For many researchers the menstrual cycle is an excellent model of ovarian steroid influence on emotion, behavior, and cognition. Over the past years methodological improvements in menstrual cycle studies have been noted, and this review summarizes the findings of methodologically sound menstrual cycle studies in healthy women. Whereas the predominant hypotheses of the cognitive field state that sexually dimorphic cognitive skills that favor men are improved during menstrual cycle phases with low estrogen and that cognitive skills that favor women are improved during cycle phases with increased estrogen and/or progesterone, this review has not found sufficient evidence to support any of these hypotheses. Mental rotation has gained specific interest in this aspect, but a meta-analysis yielded a standardized mean difference in error rate of 1.61 (95% CI -0.35 to 3.57), suggesting, at present, no favor of an early follicular phase improvement in mental rotation performance. Besides the sexually dimorphic cognitive skills, studies exploring menstrual cycle effects on tasks that probe prefrontal cortex function, for instance verbal or spatial working memory, have also been reviewed. While studies thus far are few, results at hand suggest improved performance at times of high estradiol levels. Menstrual cycle studies on emotional processing, on the other hand, tap into the emotional disorders of the luteal phase, and may be of relevance for women with premenstrual disorders. Although evidence at present is limited, it is suggested that emotion recognition, consolidation of emotional memories, and fear extinction is modulated by the menstrual cycle in women. With the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging, several studies report changes in brain reactivity across the menstrual cycle, most notably increased amygdala reactivity in the luteal phase. Thus, to the extent that behavioral changes have

  13. Menstrual cycle influence on cognitive function and emotion processing—from a reproductive perspective

    PubMed Central

    Sundström Poromaa, Inger; Gingnell, Malin

    2014-01-01

    The menstrual cycle has attracted research interest ever since the 1930s. For many researchers the menstrual cycle is an excellent model of ovarian steroid influence on emotion, behavior, and cognition. Over the past years methodological improvements in menstrual cycle studies have been noted, and this review summarizes the findings of methodologically sound menstrual cycle studies in healthy women. Whereas the predominant hypotheses of the cognitive field state that sexually dimorphic cognitive skills that favor men are improved during menstrual cycle phases with low estrogen and that cognitive skills that favor women are improved during cycle phases with increased estrogen and/or progesterone, this review has not found sufficient evidence to support any of these hypotheses. Mental rotation has gained specific interest in this aspect, but a meta-analysis yielded a standardized mean difference in error rate of 1.61 (95% CI −0.35 to 3.57), suggesting, at present, no favor of an early follicular phase improvement in mental rotation performance. Besides the sexually dimorphic cognitive skills, studies exploring menstrual cycle effects on tasks that probe prefrontal cortex function, for instance verbal or spatial working memory, have also been reviewed. While studies thus far are few, results at hand suggest improved performance at times of high estradiol levels. Menstrual cycle studies on emotional processing, on the other hand, tap into the emotional disorders of the luteal phase, and may be of relevance for women with premenstrual disorders. Although evidence at present is limited, it is suggested that emotion recognition, consolidation of emotional memories, and fear extinction is modulated by the menstrual cycle in women. With the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging, several studies report changes in brain reactivity across the menstrual cycle, most notably increased amygdala reactivity in the luteal phase. Thus, to the extent that behavioral changes

  14. Air core notch-coil magnet with variable geometry for fast-field-cycling NMR.

    PubMed

    Kruber, S; Farrher, G D; Anoardo, E

    2015-10-01

    In this manuscript we present details on the optimization, construction and performance of a wide-bore (71 mm) α-helical-cut notch-coil magnet with variable geometry for fast-field-cycling NMR. In addition to the usual requirements for this kind of magnets (high field-to-power ratio, good magnetic field homogeneity, low inductance and resistance values) a tunable homogeneity and a more uniform heat dissipation along the magnet body are considered. The presented magnet consists of only one machined metallic cylinder combined with two external movable pieces. The optimal configuration is calculated through an evaluation of the magnetic flux density within the entire volume of interest. The magnet has a field-to-current constant of 0.728 mT/A, allowing to switch from zero to 0.125 T in less than 3 ms without energy storage assistance. For a cylindrical sample volume of 35 cm(3) the effective magnet homogeneity is lower than 130 ppm. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  15. Global solar magetic field organization in the extended corona: influence on the solar wind speed and density over the cycle.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Réville, V.; Velli, M.; Brun, S.

    2017-12-01

    The dynamics of the solar wind depends intrinsically on the structure of the global solar magnetic field, which undergoes fundamental changes over the 11yr solar cycle. For instance, the wind terminal velocity is thought to be anti-correlated with the expansion factor, a measure of how the magnetic field varies with height in the solar corona, usually computed at a fixed height (≈ 2.5 Rȯ, the source surface radius which approximates the distance at which all magnetic field lines become open). However, the magnetic field expansion affects the solar wind in a more detailed way, its influence on the solar wind properties remaining significant well beyond the source surface: we demonstrate this using 3D global MHD simulations of the solar corona, constrained by surface magnetograms over half a solar cycle (1989-2001). For models to comply with the constraints provided by observed characteristics of the solar wind, namely, that the radial magnetic field intensity becomes latitude independent at some distance from the Sun (Ulysses observations beyond 1 AU), and that the terminal wind speed is anti-correlated with the mass flux, they must accurately describe expansion beyond the solar wind critical point (even up to 10Rȯ and higher in our model). We also show that near activity minimum, expansion in the higher corona beyond 2.5 Rȯ is actually the dominant process affecting the wind speed. We discuss the consequences of this result on the necessary acceleration profile of the solar wind, the location of the sonic point and of the energy deposition by Alfvén waves.

  16. Meridional Flow Variations in Cycles 23 and 24: Active Latitude Control of Sunspot Cycle Amplitudes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hathaway, David H.; Upton, Lisa

    2013-01-01

    We have measured the meridional motions of magnetic elements observed in the photosphere over sunspot cycles 23 and 24 using magnetograms from SOHO/MDI and SDO/HMI. Our measurements confirm the finding of Komm, Howard, and Harvey (1993) that the poleward meridional flow weakens at cycle maxima. Our high spatial and temporal resolution analyses show that this variation is in the form of a superimposed inflow toward the active latitudes. This inflow is weaker in cycle 24 when compared to the inflow in 23, the stronger cycle. This systematic modulation of the meridional flow should also modulate the amplitude of the following sunspot cycle through its influence on the Sun's polar fields. The observational evidence and the theoretical consequences (similar to those of Cameron and Schussler (2012)) will be described.

  17. Influence of magnet eddy current on magnetization characteristics of variable flux memory machine

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, Hui; Lin, Heyun; Zhu, Z. Q.; Lyu, Shukang

    2018-05-01

    In this paper, the magnet eddy current characteristics of a newly developed variable flux memory machine (VFMM) is investigated. Firstly, the machine structure, non-linear hysteresis characteristics and eddy current modeling of low coercive force magnet are described, respectively. Besides, the PM eddy current behaviors when applying the demagnetizing current pulses are unveiled and investigated. The mismatch of the required demagnetization currents between the cases with or without considering the magnet eddy current is identified. In addition, the influences of the magnet eddy current on the demagnetization effect of VFMM are analyzed. Finally, a prototype is manufactured and tested to verify the theoretical analyses.

  18. DEPENDENCE OF STELLAR MAGNETIC ACTIVITY CYCLES ON ROTATIONAL PERIOD IN A NONLINEAR SOLAR-TYPE DYNAMO

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pipin, V. V.; Kosovichev, A. G.

    2016-06-01

    We study the turbulent generation of large-scale magnetic fields using nonlinear dynamo models for solar-type stars in the range of rotational periods from 14 to 30 days. Our models take into account nonlinear effects of dynamical quenching of magnetic helicity, and escape of magnetic field from the dynamo region due to magnetic buoyancy. The results show that the observed correlation between the period of rotation and the duration of activity cycles can be explained in the framework of a distributed dynamo model with a dynamical magnetic feedback acting on the turbulent generation from either magnetic buoyancy or magnetic helicity. Wemore » discuss implications of our findings for the understanding of dynamo processes operating in solar-like stars.« less

  19. Solar Activity Across the Scales: From Small-Scale Quiet-Sun Dynamics to Magnetic Activity Cycles

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kitiashvili, Irina N.; Collins, Nancy N.; Kosovichev, Alexander G.; Mansour, Nagi N.; Wray, Alan A.

    2017-01-01

    Observations as well as numerical and theoretical models show that solar dynamics is characterized by complicated interactions and energy exchanges among different temporal and spatial scales. It reveals magnetic self-organization processes from the smallest scale magnetized vortex tubes to the global activity variation known as the solar cycle. To understand these multiscale processes and their relationships, we use a two-fold approach: 1) realistic 3D radiative MHD simulations of local dynamics together with high resolution observations by IRIS, Hinode, and SDO; and 2) modeling of solar activity cycles by using simplified MHD dynamo models and mathematical data assimilation techniques. We present recent results of this approach, including the interpretation of observational results from NASA heliophysics missions and predictive capabilities. In particular, we discuss the links between small-scale dynamo processes in the convection zone and atmospheric dynamics, as well as an early prediction of Solar Cycle 25.

  20. Solar activity across the scales: from small-scale quiet-Sun dynamics to magnetic activity cycles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kitiashvili, I.; Collins, N.; Kosovichev, A. G.; Mansour, N. N.; Wray, A. A.

    2017-12-01

    Observations as well as numerical and theoretical models show that solar dynamics is characterized by complicated interactions and energy exchanges among different temporal and spatial scales. It reveals magnetic self-organization processes from the smallest scale magnetized vortex tubes to the global activity variation known as the solar cycle. To understand these multiscale processes and their relationships, we use a two-fold approach: 1) realistic 3D radiative MHD simulations of local dynamics together with high-resolution observations by IRIS, Hinode, and SDO; and 2) modeling of solar activity cycles by using simplified MHD dynamo models and mathematical data assimilation techniques. We present recent results of this approach, including the interpretation of observational results from NASA heliophysics missions and predictive capabilities. In particular, we discuss the links between small-scale dynamo processes in the convection zone and atmospheric dynamics, as well as an early prediction of Solar Cycle 25.

  1. The influence of Mars' magnetic topology on atmospheric escape

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Curry, S.; Luhmann, J. G.; DiBraccio, G. A.; Dong, C.; Xu, S.; Mitchell, D.; Gruesbeck, J.; Espley, J. R.; Connerney, J. E. P.; McFadden, J. P.; Ma, Y. J.; Brain, D.

    2017-12-01

    At weakly magnetized planets such as Mars and Venus, the solar wind directly interacts with the upper atmosphere where ions can be picked up and swept away by the background convection electric field. These pick-up ions have a gyroradius on the planetary scale that is largely dominated by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). But at Mars, their trajectory is also influenced by the existence of remanent crustal magnetic fields, which are thought to create a shielding effect for escaping planetary ions when they are on the dayside. Consequently, the magnetic topology changes at Mars as magnetic reconnection occurs between the draped (IMF) and the crustal magnetic fields (closed). The resulting topology includes open field lines in the solar wind with one footprint attached to the planet. Using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and test particle simulations, we will explore the influence of the magnetic topology on ion escape. We will present escape rates for planetary ions for different crustal field positions during different IMF configurations, with +/-BY and +/-BZ components in the Mars Sun Orbit (MSO) coordinate system. We will also compare global maps of ion outflow and escape with open / closed magnetic field line maps and compare our results with ion fluxes and magnetic field data from the Mars Atmospheric and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission. Our results relating the dynamic magnetic field topology at Mars and planetary ion escape are an important aspect of magnetospheric physics and planetary evolution, both of which have applications to our own solar system and the increasing number of exoplanets discovered every year.

  2. Theoretical studies to elucidate the influence of magnetic dipolar interactions occurring in the magnetic nanoparticle systems, for biomedical applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Osaci, M.; Cacciola, M.

    2016-02-01

    In recent years, the study of magnetic nanoparticles has been intensively developed not only for their fundamental theoretical interest, but also for their many technological applications, especially biomedical applications, ranging from contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging to the deterioration of cancer cells via hyperthermia treatment. The theoretical and experimental research has shown until now that the magnetic dipolar interactions between nanoparticles can have a significant influence on the magnetic behaviour of the system. But, this influence is not well understood. It is clear that the magnetic dipolar interaction intensity is correlated with the nanoparticle concentration, volume fraction and magnetic moment orientations. In this paper, we try to understand the influence of magnetic dipolar interactions on the behaviour of magnetic nanoparticle systems, for biomedical applications. For the model, we considered spherical nanoparticles with uniaxial anisotropy and lognormal distribution of the sizes. The model involves a simulation stage of the spatial distribution and orientation of the nanoparticles and their easy axes of magnetic anisotropy, and an evaluation stage of the Néel relaxation time. To assess the Néel relaxation time, we are going to discretise and adapt, to the local magnetic field, the Coffey analytical solution for the equation Fokker-Planck describing the dynamics of magnetic moments of nanoparticles in oblique external magnetic field. There are three fundamental aspects of interest in our studies on the magnetic nanoparticles: their spatial & orientational distributions, concentrations and sizes.

  3. Sex and menstrual cycle phase at encoding influence emotional memory for gist and detail

    PubMed Central

    Nielsen, Shawn E.; Ahmed, Imran; Cahill, Larry

    2013-01-01

    Sex influences on emotional memory have received increasing interest over the past decade. However, only a subset of this previous work explored the influence of sex on memory for central information (gist) and peripheral detail in emotional versus neutral contexts. Here we examined the influence of sex and menstrual cycle phase at encoding on memory for either an emotional or neutral story, specifically with respect to the retention of gist and peripheral detail. Healthy naturally cycling women and men viewed a brief, narrated, three-phase story containing neutral or emotionally arousing elements. One week later, participants received a surprise free recall test for story elements. The results indicate that naturally cycling women in the luteal (high hormone) phase of the menstrual cycle at encoding show enhanced memory for peripheral details, but not gist, when in the emotional compared with neutral stories (p<.05). In contrast, naturally cycling women in the follicular (low hormone) phase of the menstrual cycle at encoding did not show enhanced memory for gist or peripheral details in the emotional compared with neutral stories. Men show enhanced memory for gist, but not peripheral details, in the emotional versus neutral stories (p<.05). In addition, these sex influences on memory cannot be attributed to differences in attention or arousal; luteal women, follicular women, and men performed similarly on measures of attention (fixation time percentage) and arousal (pupil diameter changes) during the most arousing phase of the emotional story. These findings suggest that sex and menstrual cycle phase at encoding influence long term memory for different types of emotional information. PMID:23891713

  4. Influence of lateral displacement on the levitation performance of a magnetized bulk high-Tc superconductor magnet

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, W.; Wang, J. S.; Ma, G. T.; Zheng, J.; Tuo, X. G.; Li, L. L.; Ye, C. Q.; Liao, X. L.; Wang, S. Y.

    2012-03-01

    Compared with the permanent magnet, the magnetized bulk high-Tc superconductor magnet (MBSCM) can trap higher magnetic field due to its strong flux pinning ability, so it is a good candidate to improve the levitation performance of high-Tc superconductive (HTS) maglev system. The trapped magnetic flux of a MBSCM is sustained by the inductive superconducting current produced by the magnetizing process and is susceptible to the current intensity as well as configuration. In the HTS maglev system, the lateral displacement is an important process to change the superconducting current within a MBSCM and then affects its levitation performance, which is essential for the traffic ability in curve-way, the loading capacity of lateral impact and so on. The research about influence of lateral displacement on the levitation performance of MBSCM is necessary when MBSCM is applied on the HTS maglev vehicle. The experimental investigations about the influence of lateral displacement on the levitation performance of a MBSCM with different trapped fluxes and applied fields are processed in this article. The analyses and conclusions of this article are useful for the practical application of MBSCM in HTS maglev system.

  5. The Fraction of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections That Are Magnetic Clouds: Evidence for a Solar Cycle Variation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Richardson, I. G.; Cane, H. V.

    2004-01-01

    "Magnetic clouds" (MCs) are a subset of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) characterized by enhanced magnetic fields with an organized rotation in direction, and low plasma beta. Though intensely studied, MCs only constitute a fraction of all the ICMEs that are detected in the solar wind. A comprehensive survey of ICMEs in the near- Earth solar wind during the ascending, maximum and early declining phases of solar cycle 23 in 1996 - 2003 shows that the MC fraction varies with the phase of the solar cycle, from approximately 100% (though with low statistics) at solar minimum to approximately 15% at solar maximum. A similar trend is evident in near-Earth observations during solar cycles 20 - 21, while Helios 1/2 spacecraft observations at 0.3 - 1.0 AU show a weaker trend and larger MC fraction.

  6. Influence of magnetic disorders on quantum anomalous Hall effect in magnetic topological insulator films beyond the two-dimensional limit

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xing, Yanxia; Xu, Fuming; Cheung, King Tai; Sun, Qing-feng; Wang, Jian; Yao, Yugui

    2018-04-01

    Quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) has been experimentally realized in magnetic topological insulator (MTI) thin films fabricated on magnetically doped {({{Bi}},{{Sb}})}2{{{Te}}}3. In an MTI thin film with the magnetic easy axis along the normal direction (z-direction), orientations of magnetic dopants are randomly distributed around the magnetic easy axis, acting as magnetic disorders. With the aid of the non-equilibrium Green's function and Landauer–Büttiker formalism, we numerically study the influence of magnetic disorders on QAHE in an MTI thin film modeled by a three-dimensional tight-binding Hamiltonian. It is found that, due to the existence of gapless side surface states, QAHE is protected even in the presence of magnetic disorders as long as the z-component of magnetic moment of all magnetic dopants are positive. More importantly, such magnetic disorders also suppress the dissipation of the chiral edge states and enhance the quality of QAHE in MTI films. In addition, the effect of magnetic disorders depends very much on the film thickness, and the optimal influence is achieved at certain thickness. These findings are new features for QAHE in three-dimensional systems, not present in two-dimensional systems.

  7. Magnetic cycles and rotation periods of late-type stars from photometric time series

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Suárez Mascareño, A.; Rebolo, R.; González Hernández, J. I.

    2016-10-01

    Aims: We investigate the photometric modulation induced by magnetic activity cycles and study the relationship between rotation period and activity cycle(s) in late-type (FGKM) stars. Methods: We analysed light curves, spanning up to nine years, of 125 nearby stars provided by the All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS). The sample is mainly composed of low-activity, main-sequence late-A to mid-M-type stars. We performed a search for short (days) and long-term (years) periodic variations in the photometry. We modelled the light curves with combinations of sinusoids to measure the properties of these periodic signals. To provide a better statistical interpretation of our results, we complement our new results with results from previous similar works. Results: We have been able to measure long-term photometric cycles of 47 stars, out of which 39 have been derived with false alarm probabilities (FAP) of less than 0.1 per cent. Rotational modulation was also detected and rotational periods were measured in 36 stars. For 28 stars we have simultaneous measurements of activity cycles and rotational periods, 17 of which are M-type stars. We measured both photometric amplitudes and periods from sinusoidal fits. The measured cycle periods range from 2 to 14 yr with photometric amplitudes in the range of 5-20 mmag. We found that the distribution of cycle lengths for the different spectral types is similar, as the mean cycle is 9.5 yr for F-type stars, 6.7 yr for G-type stars, 8.5 yr for K-type stars, 6.0 yr for early M-type stars, and 7.1 yr for mid-M-type stars. On the other hand, the distribution of rotation periods is completely different, trending to longer periods for later type stars, from a mean rotation of 8.6 days for F-type stars to 85.4 days in mid-M-type stars. The amplitudes induced by magnetic cycles and rotation show a clear correlation. A trend of photometric amplitudes with rotation period is also outlined in the data. The amplitudes of the photometric variability

  8. Experiments and Cycling at the LHC Prototype Half-Cell

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Saban, R.; Casas-Cubillos, J.; Coull, L.; Cruikshank, P.; Dahlerup-Petersen, K.; Hilbert, B.; Krainz, G.; Kos, N.; Lebrun, P.; Momal, F.; Misiaen, D.; Parma, V.; Poncet, A.; Riddone, G.; Rijllart, A.; Rodriguez-Mateos, F.; Schmidt, R.; Serio, L.; Wallen, E.; van Weelderen, R.; Williams, L. R.

    1997-05-01

    The first version of the LHC prototype half-cell has been in operation since February 1995. It consists of one quadrupole and three 10-m twin aperture dipole magnets which operate at 1.8 K. This experimental set-up has been used to observe and study phenomena which appear when the systems are assembled in one unit and influence one another. The 18-month long experimental program has validated the cryogenic system and yielded a number of results on cryogenic instrumentation, magnet protection and vacuum in particular under non-standard operating conditions. The program was recently complemented by the cycling experiment: it consisted in powering the magnets following the ramp rates which will be experienced by the magnets during an LHC injection. In order to simulate 10 years of routine operation of LHC, more than 2000 1-hour cycles were performed interleaved with provoked quenches. The objective of this experiment was to reveal eventual flaws in the design of components. The prototype half-cell performed to expectations showing no sign of failure of fatigue of components for more than 2000 cycles until one of the dipoles started exhibiting an erratic quench behavior.

  9. Change of magnetic properties of nanocrystalline alloys under influence of external factors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sitek, Jozef; Holková, Dominika; Dekan, Julius; Novák, Patrik

    2016-10-01

    Nanocrystalline (Fe3Ni1)81Nb7B12 alloys were irradiated using different types of radiation and subsequently studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy. External magnetic field of 0.5 T, electron-beam irradiation up to 4 MGy, neutron irradiation up to 1017 neutrons/cm2 and irradiation with Cu ions were applied on the samples. All types of external factors had an influence on the magnetic microstructure manifested as a change in the direction of the net magnetic moment, intensity of the internal magnetic field and volumetric fraction of the constituent phases. The direction of the net magnetic moment was the most sensitive parameter. Changes of the microscopic magnetic parameters were compared after different external influence and results of nanocrystalline samples were compared with their amorphous precursors.

  10. The Influence of Magnetic Field on Electrokinetic Potential of Colloidal Particles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Koshoridze, S. I.; Levin, Yu. K.

    2018-06-01

    The influence of a magnetic field on the electrokinetic potential of colloidal particles in a water flow oversaturated with deposited salts is reported. For the first time, the ionic hydration and dielectric permittivity of water in the double electrical layer are taken into consideration. It is demonstrated that the magnetic field influence is increased with the decreasing dielectric permittivity of water but is decreased due to ionic hydration.

  11. EXor OUTBURSTS FROM DISK AMPLIFICATION OF STELLAR MAGNETIC CYCLES

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Armitage, Philip J., E-mail: pja@jilau1.colorado.edu

    EXor outbursts—moderate-amplitude disk accretion events observed in Class I and Class II protostellar sources—have timescales and amplitudes that are consistent with the viscous accumulation and release of gas in the inner disk near the dead zone boundary. We suggest that outbursts are indirectly triggered by stellar dynamo cycles, via poloidal magnetic flux that diffuses radially outward through the disk. Interior to the dead zone the strength of the net field modulates the efficiency of angular momentum transport by the magnetorotational instability. In the dead zone changes in the polarity of the net field may lead to stronger outbursts because ofmore » the dominant role of the Hall effect in this region of the disk. At the level of simple estimates we show that changes to kG-strength stellar fields could stimulate disk outbursts on 0.1 au scales, though this optimistic conclusion depends upon the uncertain efficiency of net flux transport through the inner disk. The model predicts a close association between observational tracers of stellar magnetic activity and EXor events.« less

  12. The influence of a magnetic field on the heat transfer of a magnetic nanofluid in a sinusoidal channel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Valiallah Mousavi, S.; Barzegar Gerdroodbary, M.; Sheikholeslami, Mohsen; Ganji, D. D.

    2016-09-01

    In this study, two dimensional numerical simulations are performed to investigate the influence of the magnetic field on the nanofluid flow inside a sinusoidal channel. This work reveals the influence of variable magnetic field in the heat transfer of heat exchanger while the mixture is in a single phase. In this heat exchanger, the inner tube is sinusoidal and the outer tube is considered smooth. The magnetic field is applied orthogonal to the axis of the sinusoidal tube. In our study, the ferrofluid (water with 4 vol% nanoparticles (Fe3O4)) flows in a channel with sinusoidal bottom. The finite volume method with the SIMPLEC algorithm is used for handling the pressure-velocity coupling. The numerical results present validated data with experimentally measured data and show good agreement with measurement. The influence of different parameters, like the intensity of magnetic field and Reynolds number, on the heat transfer is investigated. According to the obtained results, the sinusoidal formation of the internal tube significantly increases the Nusselt number inside the channel. Our findings show that the magnetic field increases the probability of eddy formation inside the cavities and consequently enhances the heat transfer (more than 200%) in the vicinity of the magnetic field at low Reynolds number ( Re=50). In addition, the variation of the skin friction shows that the magnetic field increases the skin friction (more than 600%) inside the sinusoidal channel.

  13. Solar magnetic fields

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hood, Alan W.; Hughes, David W.

    2011-08-01

    This review provides an introduction to the generation and evolution of the Sun's magnetic field, summarising both observational evidence and theoretical models. The eleven year solar cycle, which is well known from a variety of observed quantities, strongly supports the idea of a large-scale solar dynamo. Current theoretical ideas on the location and mechanism of this dynamo are presented. The solar cycle influences the behaviour of the global coronal magnetic field and it is the eruptions of this field that can impact on the Earth's environment. These global coronal variations can be modelled to a surprising degree of accuracy. Recent high resolution observations of the Sun's magnetic field in quiet regions, away from sunspots, show that there is a continual evolution of a small-scale magnetic field, presumably produced by small-scale dynamo action in the solar interior. Sunspots, a natural consequence of the large-scale dynamo, emerge, evolve and disperse over a period of several days. Numerical simulations can help to determine the physical processes governing the emergence of sunspots. We discuss the interaction of these emerging fields with the pre-existing coronal field, resulting in a variety of dynamic phenomena.

  14. Synchronized Northern Hemisphere climate change and solar magnetic cycles during the Maunder Minimum.

    PubMed

    Yamaguchi, Yasuhiko T; Yokoyama, Yusuke; Miyahara, Hiroko; Sho, Kenjiro; Nakatsuka, Takeshi

    2010-11-30

    The Maunder Minimum (A.D. 1645-1715) is a useful period to investigate possible sun-climate linkages as sunspots became exceedingly rare and the characteristics of solar cycles were different from those of today. Here, we report annual variations in the oxygen isotopic composition (δ(18)O) of tree-ring cellulose in central Japan during the Maunder Minimum. We were able to explore possible sun-climate connections through high-temporal resolution solar activity (radiocarbon contents; Δ(14)C) and climate (δ(18)O) isotope records derived from annual tree rings. The tree-ring δ(18)O record in Japan shows distinct negative δ(18)O spikes (wetter rainy seasons) coinciding with rapid cooling in Greenland and with decreases in Northern Hemisphere mean temperature at around minima of decadal solar cycles. We have determined that the climate signals in all three records strongly correlate with changes in the polarity of solar dipole magnetic field, suggesting a causal link to galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). These findings are further supported by a comparison between the interannual patterns of tree-ring δ(18)O record and the GCR flux reconstructed by an ice-core (10)Be record. Therefore, the variation of GCR flux associated with the multidecadal cycles of solar magnetic field seem to be causally related to the significant and widespread climate changes at least during the Maunder Minimum.

  15. Synchronized Northern Hemisphere climate change and solar magnetic cycles during the Maunder Minimum

    PubMed Central

    Yamaguchi, Yasuhiko T.; Yokoyama, Yusuke; Miyahara, Hiroko; Sho, Kenjiro; Nakatsuka, Takeshi

    2010-01-01

    The Maunder Minimum (A.D. 1645–1715) is a useful period to investigate possible sun–climate linkages as sunspots became exceedingly rare and the characteristics of solar cycles were different from those of today. Here, we report annual variations in the oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of tree-ring cellulose in central Japan during the Maunder Minimum. We were able to explore possible sun–climate connections through high-temporal resolution solar activity (radiocarbon contents; Δ14C) and climate (δ18O) isotope records derived from annual tree rings. The tree-ring δ18O record in Japan shows distinct negative δ18O spikes (wetter rainy seasons) coinciding with rapid cooling in Greenland and with decreases in Northern Hemisphere mean temperature at around minima of decadal solar cycles. We have determined that the climate signals in all three records strongly correlate with changes in the polarity of solar dipole magnetic field, suggesting a causal link to galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). These findings are further supported by a comparison between the interannual patterns of tree-ring δ18O record and the GCR flux reconstructed by an ice-core 10Be record. Therefore, the variation of GCR flux associated with the multidecadal cycles of solar magnetic field seem to be causally related to the significant and widespread climate changes at least during the Maunder Minimum. PMID:21076031

  16. An Empirical Orthogonal Function Reanalysis of the Northern Polar External and Induced Magnetic Field During Solar Cycle 23

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shore, R. M.; Freeman, M. P.; Gjerloev, J. W.

    2018-01-01

    We apply the method of data-interpolating empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) to ground-based magnetic vector data from the SuperMAG archive to produce a series of month length reanalyses of the surface external and induced magnetic field (SEIMF) in 110,000 km2 equal-area bins over the entire northern polar region at 5 min cadence over solar cycle 23, from 1997.0 to 2009.0. Each EOF reanalysis also decomposes the measured SEIMF variation into a hierarchy of spatiotemporal patterns which are ordered by their contribution to the monthly magnetic field variance. We find that the leading EOF patterns can each be (subjectively) interpreted as well-known SEIMF systems or their equivalent current systems. The relationship of the equivalent currents to the true current flow is not investigated. We track the leading SEIMF or equivalent current systems of similar type by intermonthly spatial correlation and apply graph theory to (objectively) group their appearance and relative importance throughout a solar cycle, revealing seasonal and solar cycle variation. In this way, we identify the spatiotemporal patterns that maximally contribute to SEIMF variability over a solar cycle. We propose this combination of EOF and graph theory as a powerful method for objectively defining and investigating the structure and variability of the SEIMF or their equivalent ionospheric currents for use in both geomagnetism and space weather applications. It is demonstrated here on solar cycle 23 but is extendable to any epoch with sufficient data coverage.

  17. The influence of day/night cycles on biomass yield and composition of Neochloris oleoabundans.

    PubMed

    de Winter, Lenneke; Cabanelas, Iago Teles Dominguez; Martens, Dirk E; Wijffels, René H; Barbosa, Maria J

    2017-01-01

    Day/night cycles regulate the circadian clock of organisms to program daily activities. Many species of microalgae have a synchronized cell division when grown under a day/night cycle, and synchronization might influence biomass yield and composition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the influence of day/night cycle on biomass yield and composition of the green microalgae Neochloris oleoabundans . Hence, we compared continuous turbidostat cultures grown under continuous light with cultures grown under simulated day/night cycles. Under day/night cycles, cultures were synchronized as cell division was scheduled in the night, whereas under continuous light cell division occurred randomly synchronized cultures were able to use the light 10-15% more efficiently than non-synchronized cultures. Our results indicate that the efficiency of light use varies over the cell cycle and that synchronized cell division provides a fitness benefit to microalgae. Biomass composition under day/night cycles was similar to continuous light, with the exception of starch content. The starch content was higher in cultures under continuous light, most likely because the cells never had to respire starch to cover for maintenance during dark periods. Day/night cycles were provided in a 'block' (continuous light intensity during the light period) and in a 'sine' (using a sine function to simulate light intensities from sunrise to sunset). There were no differences in biomass yield or composition between these two ways of providing light (in a 'block' or in a 'sine'). The biomass yield and composition of N. oleoabundans were influenced by day/night cycles. These results are important to better understand the relations between research done under continuous light conditions and with day/night cycle conditions. Our findings also imply that more research should be done under day/night cycles.

  18. Observational Evidence of Shallow Origins for the Magnetic Fields of Solar Cycles - a review

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Martin, Sara F.

    2018-05-01

    Observational evidence for the origin of active region magnetic fields has been sought from published information on extended solar cycles, statistical distributions of active regions and ephemeral regions, helioseismology results, positional relationships to supergranules, and fine-scale magnetic structure of active regions and their sunspots during their growth. Statistical distributions of areas of ephemeral and active regions blend together to reveal a single power law. The shape of the size distribution in latitude of all active regions is independent of time during the solar cycle, yielding further evidence that active regions of all sizes belong to the same population. Elementary bipoles, identified also by other names, appear to be the building blocks of active regions; sunspots form from elementary bipoles and are therefore deduced to develop from the photosphere downward, consistent with helioseismic detection of downflows to 3-4 Mm below sunspots as well as long-observed downflows from chromospheric/coronal arch filaments into sunspots from their earliest appearance. Time-distance helioseismology has been effective in revealing flows related to sunspots to depths of 20 Mm. Ring diagram analysis shows a statistically significant preference for upflows to precede major active region emergence and downflows after flux emergence but both are often observed together or sometimes not detected. From deep-focus helioseismic techniques for seeking magnetic flux below the photosphere prior major active regions, there is evidence of acoustic travel-time perturbation signatures rising in the limited range of depths of 42-75 Mm but these have not been verified or found at more shallow depths by helioseismic holographic techniques. The development of active regions from clusters of elementary bipoles appears to be the same irrespective of how much flux an active region eventually develops. This property would be consistent with the magnetic fields of large active

  19. Influence of magnetic field on enzymatic ONOO- production

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dranova, T.; Petrovskii, D.; Ershov, N.; Slepneva, I.; Stass, D.

    2017-08-01

    Enzymatic oxidation of L-arginine catalyzed by inducible nitric oxide synthase gives nitric oxide as the main product and superoxide anion as a side reaction product. Recombination of these radicals gives a very reactive species - peroxynitrite, which is involved in many biochemical processes. In the current work it was shown that such a system can be a usable model system for investigating the influence of magnetic field on enzymatic peroxynitrite formation. Using a selective fluorescent probe for peroxynitrite - coumarin boronic acid and an adopted for the experimental purpose incubation mixture, magnetic field experiments have been done at 11.7T. The averaged magnetic field effect is equal to 2.8±0.9%.

  20. Variations of solar, interplanetary, and geomagnetic parameters with solar magnetic multipole fields during Solar Cycles 21-24

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kim, Bogyeong; Lee, Jeongwoo; Yi, Yu; Oh, Suyeon

    2015-01-01

    In this study we compare the temporal variations of the solar, interplanetary, and geomagnetic (SIG) parameters with that of open solar magnetic flux from 1976 to 2012 (from Solar Cycle 21 to the early phase of Cycle 24) for a purpose of identifying their possible relationships. By the open flux, we mean the average magnetic field over the source surface (2.5 solar radii) times the source area as defined by the potential field source surface (PFSS) model of the Wilcox Solar Observatory (WSO). In our result, most SIG parameters except the solar wind dynamic pressure show rather poor correlations with the open solar magnetic field. Good correlations are recovered when the contributions from individual multipole components are counted separately. As expected, solar activity indices such as sunspot number, total solar irradiance, 10.7 cm radio flux, and solar flare occurrence are highly correlated with the flux of magnetic quadrupole component. The dynamic pressure of solar wind is strongly correlated with the dipole flux, which is in anti-phase with Solar Cycle (SC). The geomagnetic activity represented by the Ap index is correlated with higher order multipole components, which show relatively a slow time variation with SC. We also found that the unusually low geomagnetic activity during SC 23 is accompanied by the weak open solar fields compared with those in other SCs. It is argued that such dependences of the SIG parameters on the individual multipole components of the open solar magnetic flux may clarify why some SIG parameters vary in phase with SC and others show seemingly delayed responses to SC variation.

  1. Does gravidity influence the success of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycles?

    PubMed

    Rabinson, Jacob; Bar-Hava, Itai; Meltcer, Simion; Zohav, Efraim; Anteby, Eyal; Orvieto, Raoul

    2006-04-01

    To evaluate the influence of gravidity on the results of in vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer (ET) cycles. All consecutive women aged <35 years admitted to our IVF unit from January 2002 to December 2004 were enrolled in the study. Only patients undergoing one of their first three IVF cycle attempts were included. Gravidity, ovarian stimulation characteristics, number of oocytes retrieved, number of embryo transferred and clinical pregnancy rate were assessed. Three hundred and forty-two consecutive IVF cycles were evaluated. One hundred and sixty-one cycles were from nulligravidas and 181 from women with a history of at least one previous clinical pregnancy. Forty-eight (29.8%) clinical pregnancies were observed in the nulligravida group and 56 (30.9%) in the gravida group. There were no differences between nulligravidas and gravidas in causes of infertility, length of ovarian stimulation, peak estradiol and progesterone levels, number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate and number of embryos transferred. Gravidas were significantly older (30.4 vs. 27.6 years, p < 0.001) and used more gonadotropin ampoules (36.1 vs. 31.8, p < 0.004) compared with the nulligravidas. Patient gravidity has no influence on the likelihood of achieving pregnancy in IVF-ET cycles.

  2. AC magnetic field measurement using a small flip coil system for rapid cycling AC magnets at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhou, Jianxin; Kang, Wen; Li, Shuai; Liu, Yudong; Liu, Yiqin; Xu, Shouyan; Guo, Xiaoling; Wu, Xi; Deng, Changdong; Li, Li; Wu, Yuwen; Wang, Sheng

    2018-02-01

    The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) has two major accelerator systems, a linear accelerator and a rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS). The RCS accelerator is used to accumulate and accelerate protons from the energy of 80 MeV to the design energy of 1.6 GeV at the repetition rate of 25 Hz, and extract the high energy beam to the target. The main magnets of the RCS accelerator are excited by AC current with DC bias. The magnetic field quality is very important for the RCS accelerator operation, since it should guarantee and focus a circulating beam. In order to characterize the AC magnets, a small flip coil measurement system has been developed and one of each type of AC magnets has been studied. The measurement system and selected measurement results are presented in this paper.

  3. [Influence of extremely low-frequency magnetic field on circadian rhythm of cryptochrome in mouse embryonic fibroblasts].

    PubMed

    Sun, Z Y; Geng, D Y; Chen, C F; Wang, P P; Song, T

    2017-06-20

    Objective: To investigate the influence of extremely low-frequency magnetic field on periodical expression of cryptochrome ( Cry ) gene in mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH3T3 cells. Methods: The NIH3T3 cells were divided into magnetic field group and sham-exposure group. The NIH3T3 cells in the magnetic field group were stimulated by horse serum and then exposed to an extremely low-frequency magnetic field (50 Hz and 0.3 mT) for 48 hours, and those in the sham-exposure group were also stimulated by horse serum and then exposed to a coil for 48 hours. The NIH3T3 cells were collected, total RNA was extracted, and cDNA was obtained via reverse transcription. Real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure the changes in transcription cycles of Cry and Period genes in both groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the proliferation rate at 0, 12, 24, and 48 hours of exposure between the two groups ( P >0.05) . Both sham-exposure group and magnetic field group showed a rhythmic change in the expression of Cry gene, and compared with the sham-exposure group, the magnetic field group had a significantly shortened circadian rhythm of Cry gene in NIH3T3 cells ( t =2.57, P <0.05) . Both groups had rhythmic and periodical expression of Period gene and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( t =0.70, P >0.05) . Conclusion: Extremely low-frequency magnetic field can significantly shorten the circadian rhythm of Cry gene in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, while there is no significant change in the circadian rhythm of Period gene.

  4. RIEGER-TYPE PERIODICITY DURING SOLAR CYCLES 14–24: ESTIMATION OF DYNAMO MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH IN THE SOLAR INTERIOR

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gurgenashvili, Eka; Zaqarashvili, Teimuraz V.; Kukhianidze, Vasil

    2016-07-20

    Solar activity undergoes a variation over timescales of several months known as Rieger-type periodicity, which usually occurs near maxima of sunspot cycles. An early analysis showed that the periodicity appears only in some cycles and is absent in other cycles. But the appearance/absence during different cycles has not been explained. We performed a wavelet analysis of sunspot data from the Greenwich Royal Observatory and the Royal Observatory of Belgium during cycles 14–24. We found that the Rieger-type periods occur in all cycles, but they are cycle dependent: shorter periods occur during stronger cycles. Our analysis revealed a periodicity of 185–195more » days during the weak cycles 14–15 and 24 and a periodicity of 155–165 days during the stronger cycles 16–23. We derived the dispersion relation of the spherical harmonics of the magnetic Rossby waves in the presence of differential rotation and a toroidal magnetic field in the dynamo layer near the base of the convection zone. This showed that the harmonics of fast Rossby waves with m = 1 and n = 4, where m ( n ) indicates the toroidal (poloidal) wavenumbers, perfectly fit with the observed periodicity. The variation of the toroidal field strength from weaker to stronger cycles may lead to the different periods found in those cycles, which explains the observed enigmatic feature of the Rieger-type periodicity. Finally, we used the observed periodicity to estimate the dynamo field strength during cycles 14–24. Our estimations suggest a field strength of ∼40 kG for the stronger cycles and ∼20 kG for the weaker cycles.« less

  5. Social and seasonal influences on the reproductive cycle in female mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx).

    PubMed

    Setchell, Joanna M; Wickings, E Jean

    2004-09-01

    We present 12 years of perineal swelling data for a semifree-ranging colony of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx), and evaluate the influence of rank, parity, and seasonality on reproductive parameters. Female sexual swellings showed a seasonal pattern, with August the median month of ovulation. Overlapping periovulatory periods did not decrease the likelihood of conception. Females showed their first genital swelling at age 3.6 years (n = 28; range, 3.2-4.6 years), and higher-ranking females experienced their first swelling earlier than low-ranking females. Median postpartum amenorrhea (PPA) duration was 208 days (n = 92; range, 74-538 days). PPA was longer in primiparous females than in multiparous females, but PPA duration was unrelated to female rank. Median follicular phase duration was 24 days for the first cycle after parturition (n = 84; range, 12-40 days), shortening to 17 days in subsequent cycles (n = 55; range, 6-39 days). The follicular phase was longer in nulliparous females than in parous females, but was unrelated to female rank. Median cycle length (from one sexual swelling breakdown to the next) was 38 days (n = 57; range, 18-108 days). Eighty-seven percent of conceptions occurred within two cycles, and half of the nulliparous females conceived during their first swelling cycle. Lower-ranking females were more likely to require more cycles to conceive than higher-ranking females. The cycling phase was significantly longer in nulliparous females than in parous females, and was also significantly longer in lower-ranking females than in higher-ranking females. We discuss the influence of provisioning on female reproductive parameters, the influence of parity and rank on the different phases of the interbirth interval, and the evolution of long and variable follicular phases in mandrills. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  6. Bipolar pulse field for magnetic refrigeration

    DOEpatents

    Lubell, M.S.

    1994-10-25

    A magnetic refrigeration apparatus includes first and second steady state magnets, each having a field of substantially equal strength and opposite polarity, first and second bodies made of magnetocaloric material disposed respectively in the influence of the fields of the first and second steady state magnets, and a pulsed magnet, concentric with the first and second steady state magnets, and having a field which cycles between the fields of the first and second steady state magnets, thereby cyclically magnetizing and demagnetizing and thus heating and cooling the first and second bodies. Heat exchange apparatus of suitable design can be used to expose a working fluid to the first and second bodies of magnetocaloric material. A controller is provided to synchronize the flow of working fluid with the changing states of magnetization of the first and second bodies. 2 figs.

  7. Bipolar pulse field for magnetic refrigeration

    DOEpatents

    Lubell, Martin S.

    1994-01-01

    A magnetic refrigeration apparatus includes first and second steady state magnets, each having a field of substantially equal strength and opposite polarity, first and second bodies made of magnetocaloric material disposed respectively in the influence of the fields of the first and second steady state magnets, and a pulsed magnet, concentric with the first and second steady state magnets, and having a field which cycles between the fields of the first and second steady state magnets, thereby cyclically magnetizing and demagnetizing and thus heating and cooling the first and second bodies. Heat exchange apparatus of suitable design can be used to expose a working fluid to the first and second bodies of magnetocaloric material. A controller is provided to synchronize the flow of working fluid with the changing states of magnetization of the first and second bodies.

  8. Influence of Segmentation of Ring-Shaped NdFeB Magnets with Parallel Magnetization on Cylindrical Actuators

    PubMed Central

    Eckert, Paulo Roberto; Goltz, Evandro Claiton; Filho, Aly Ferreira Flores

    2014-01-01

    This work analyses the effects of segmentation followed by parallel magnetization of ring-shaped NdFeB permanent magnets used in slotless cylindrical linear actuators. The main purpose of the work is to evaluate the effects of that segmentation on the performance of the actuator and to present a general overview of the influence of parallel magnetization by varying the number of segments and comparing the results with ideal radially magnetized rings. The analysis is first performed by modelling mathematically the radial and circumferential components of magnetization for both radial and parallel magnetizations, followed by an analysis carried out by means of the 3D finite element method. Results obtained from the models are validated by measuring radial and tangential components of magnetic flux distribution in the air gap on a prototype which employs magnet rings with eight segments each with parallel magnetization. The axial force produced by the actuator was also measured and compared with the results obtained from numerical models. Although this analysis focused on a specific topology of cylindrical actuator, the observed effects on the topology could be extended to others in which surface-mounted permanent magnets are employed, including rotating electrical machines. PMID:25051032

  9. Influence of segmentation of ring-shaped NdFeB magnets with parallel magnetization on cylindrical actuators.

    PubMed

    Eckert, Paulo Roberto; Goltz, Evandro Claiton; Flores Filho, Aly Ferreira

    2014-07-21

    This work analyses the effects of segmentation followed by parallel magnetization of ring-shaped NdFeB permanent magnets used in slotless cylindrical linear actuators. The main purpose of the work is to evaluate the effects of that segmentation on the performance of the actuator and to present a general overview of the influence of parallel magnetization by varying the number of segments and comparing the results with ideal radially magnetized rings. The analysis is first performed by modelling mathematically the radial and circumferential components of magnetization for both radial and parallel magnetizations, followed by an analysis carried out by means of the 3D finite element method. Results obtained from the models are validated by measuring radial and tangential components of magnetic flux distribution in the air gap on a prototype which employs magnet rings with eight segments each with parallel magnetization. The axial force produced by the actuator was also measured and compared with the results obtained from numerical models. Although this analysis focused on a specific topology of cylindrical actuator, the observed effects on the topology could be extended to others in which surface-mounted permanent magnets are employed, including rotating electrical machines.

  10. The influence of crystallised Fe3O4 on the magnetic properties of coprecipitation-derived ferrimagnetic glass-ceramics.

    PubMed

    Bretcanu, O; Spriano, S; Verné, E; Cöisson, M; Tiberto, P; Allia, P

    2005-07-01

    Ferrimagnetic glass-ceramics are potential candidates for magnetic induction hyperthermia, which is one form of inducing deep-regional hyperthermia, by using a magnetic field. The aim of this work was to analyse the influence of the amount of crystallised magnetite on the magnetic properties of glass-ceramic samples. Thus, two different ferrimagnetic glass-ceramics with the composition of the system Na(2)O-CaO-SiO(2)-P(2)O(5)-FeO-Fe(2)O(3) were prepared by melting at 1500 degrees C for 30 min of the coprecipitation-derived starting products. The X-ray diffraction patterns show the presence of nanometric magnetite crystals in a glassy matrix after cooling from melting temperature. The estimated amount of crystallised magnetite varies between 20 and 45 wt.%, as a function of the chemical composition. The morphology of the crystals was studied by scanning electron micrography and transmission electron micrography. Glass transition temperature and thermal stability were investigated by differential thermal analysis. Magnetic hysteresis cycles were analysed using a vibrating sample magnetometer with a maximum applied field of 17 kOe, at room temperature, in quasi-static conditions. Calorimetric measurements were carried out using a magnetic induction furnace. The power losses estimated from calorimetric measurements under a magnetic field of 40 kA/m and 440 kHz are 65 W/g for the glass-ceramic with lower iron oxides content and 25 W/g for the glass-ceramic with higher iron oxide content.

  11. [The influence of continuous magnetic field on periodontal tissues under overdentures].

    PubMed

    Brković-Popović, Snezana; Stamenković, Dragoslav; Stanisić-Sinobad, Darinka; Rakocević, Zoran; Zelić, Obra

    2009-01-01

    Last remained teeth with reduced alveolar support do not have long-term prognosis, which is the reason for prolonging the life and thus providing a stable support of overdenture. The data from literature point out that static magnetic field has certain possibilities in resolving such problems. Having in mind the pathogenetic factors which cause the reduction of the alveolar ridge and periodontal problems in our population, as well as osteoblastic and antiinflamatory activity, the aim of this investigation was to assess the effect of static magnetic field on periodontal tissue under the overdenture. The investigation involved 38 partially edentulous patients, of both sexes and similar oral status who were bearers of a lower complete overdenture and upper classic complete denture as antagonist restoration. In the base of the lower overdenture the micromagnets were installed in the region of the remained teeth, which had static concentrated field of 60-80 mT power. The evaluation was done after 3, 6 and 12 months using the method of light densitometry. Periodontologic analysis was performed by standard and modified periodontologic tests. In patients with overdentures, after exposure to a magnetic field, the density of bone was not significantly changed, but the use of ANOVA disclosed changes in the observed interval. The tendency of increased density of the alveolar part of the observed region was noted. The region of the corresponding tooth of the contralateral side without magnetic influence showed decreased density of this region in the observed intervals. Plaque index and gingival index were improved underthe influence of the magnetic field, while after 6 and 12 months following the magnet insertion statistically significant changes were confirmed. The magnetic devices did not show any influence on the level of the gingival margin and junction epithelium. Static magnetic field is to be considered as a noninvasive procedure which is recommended to patients with

  12. Is There a CME Rate Floor? CME and Magnetic Flux Values for the Last Four Solar Cycle Minima

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Webb, D. F.; Howard, R. A.; St. Cyr, O. C.; Vourlidas, A.

    2017-12-01

    The recent prolonged activity minimum has led to the question of whether there is a base level of the solar magnetic field evolution that yields a “floor” in activity levels and also in the solar wind magnetic field strength. Recently, a flux transport model coupled with magneto-frictional simulations has been used to simulate the continuous magnetic field evolution in the global solar corona for over 15 years, from 1996 to 2012. Flux rope eruptions in the simulations are estimated (Yeates), and the results are in remarkable agreement with the shape of the SOlar Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph Experiment coronal mass ejection (CME) rate distribution. The eruption rates at the two recent minima approximate the observed-corrected CME rates, supporting the idea of a base level of solar magnetic activity. In this paper, we address this issue by comparing annual averages of the CME occurrence rates during the last four solar cycle minima with several tracers of the global solar magnetic field. We conclude that CME activity never ceases during a cycle, but maintains a base level of 1 CME every 1.5 to ∼3 days during minima. We discuss the sources of these CMEs.

  13. Social influences on the estrous cycle of the captive sun bear (Helarctos Malayanus).

    PubMed

    Frederick, Cheryl; Hunt, Kathleen; Kyes, Randall; Collins, Darin; Durrant, Barbara; Ha, James; Wasser, Samuel K

    2013-01-01

    We examined the potential influences of existing social housing arrangements on captive sun bear female reproductive cycling. Three social conditions were studied: 1.2, 1.1, and 0.2. Fecal hormone metabolites of total estrogens, progestins and glucocorticoids were compared between the three social conditions and were analyzed along with vaginal cytology data in individuals that experienced a change in social condition. Behavioral data were collected on females in each of the social conditions and summarized into agonistic, affiliative and sexual categories. Results indicated that sun bears are spontaneous ovulators, but that the presence of a male does influence hormone metabolite concentrations and cytological profiles. Male presence was also associated with a greater proportion of females cycling. In most female pairs, only one female cycled, typically the younger, subordinate female. The presence of a second female appeared to have a suppressive influence on both cycling and mating behavior. Agonistic behavior and associated stress may be a mechanism for lowering progesterone. In contrast, high estrogen levels were associated with low levels of agonistic interactions; thus, reproductive cycle monitoring could facilitate social introductions with either sex. Females in 1.2 social groupings had significantly higher GC metabolite concentrations and agonistic behavior, suggesting that 1.2 social groupings may not be advisable for captive breeding programs. Data from the North American historical captive population indicate that at most 32% of all sun bear pairs and only 18.5% of females have successfully reproduced. Implications of these social and reproductive patterns for captive management are discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  14. Cyclical period changes in cataclysmic variables: evidence of magnetic activity cycles in the mass-donor star

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Borges, B. W.; Baptista, R.

    2005-09-01

    Cataclymic variables (CVs) are semi-detached binary systems in which a main sequence late-type star (the secondary) fills its Roche lobe and transfers matter to a white dwarf (the primary) through the inner Lagragian point L1. Evolutive models of CVs predicts that the orbital periods Porb of these systems would decrease on time scales of 108 - 109 years due to angular momentum losses either by magnetic braking via the secondary star's wind (Porb > 3 hr) or by emission of gravitational radiation (Porb > 3 hr). These models try to explain the observed gap of systems with Porb in the range of ~ 2 to 3 hr as the consequence of a sharp reduction of magnetic field open lines when the secondary star become fully convective (at Porb ~ 3 hr). However, up to now no well-studied CVs show evidence of period decrease. Instead, most well-observed eclipsing CVs show cyclical period changes probably associated to solar-type (quasi-periodic and/or multiperiodic) magnetic activity cycles in the secondary star. The fast spinning secondaries of CVs, covering a range of masses and rotation periods, are an important laboratory to understand magnetic activities cycles in late type stars. In the present work, we report the investigation of cyclical period changes in IP Peg: CV with orbital periods of 3.8 hr.

  15. An early solar dynamo prediction: Cycle 23 is approximately cycle 22

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schatten, Kenneth H.; Pesnell, W. Dean

    1993-01-01

    In this paper, we briefly review the 'dynamo' and 'geomagnetic precursor' methods of long-term solar activity forecasting. These methods depend upon the most basic aspect of dynamo theory to predict future activity, future magnetic field arises directly from the magnification of pre-existing magnetic field. We then generalize the dynamo technique, allowing the method to be used at any phase of the solar cycle, through the development of the 'Solar Dynamo Amplitude' (SODA) index. This index is sensitive to the magnetic flux trapped within the Sun's convection zone but insensitive to the phase of the solar cycle. Since magnetic fields inside the Sun can become buoyant, one may think of the acronym SODA as describing the amount of buoyant flux. Using the present value of the SODA index, we estimate that the next cycle's smoothed peak activity will be about 210 +/- 30 solar flux units for the 10.7 cm radio flux and a sunspot number of 170 +/- 25. This suggests that solar cycle #23 will be large, comparable to cycle #22. The estimated peak is expected to occur near 1999.7 +/- 1 year. Since the current approach is novel (using data prior to solar minimum), these estimates may improve when the upcoming solar minimum is reached.

  16. Length of the solar cycle influence on the relationship NAO-Northern Hemisphere Temperature

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    de La Torre, L.; Gimeno, L.; Tesouro, M.; Añel, J. A.; Nieto, R.; Ribera, P.; García, R.; Hernández, E.

    2003-04-01

    The influence of the length of the solar cycle on the relationship North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-Northern Hemisphere Temperature (NHT) is investigated. The results suggest that this relationship is different according to the length of the solar cycle. When the sunspot cycle is 10 or 11 years long, wintertime NAO and NHT are positively correlated, being the signal more intense during 11 years period, but when the sunspot cycle is longer (12 years) correlations between wintertime NAO and NHT are not significant. In fact there are significant negative correlations between wintertime NAO and spring NHT, with predictive potential.

  17. Influence of the meridional flow and thermomagnetic convection on characteristics of magnetic fluid seal

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Krakov, M. S.; Nikiforov, I. V.

    2011-12-01

    For the low-speed magnetic fluid seals, the influence of the meridional flow, induced by the shaft rotation, on the distribution of magnetic particles concentration, is studied. Influence of the thermomagnetic convection on the structure of this flow and on the temperature distribution in high-speed magnetic fluid seals is investigated also. The problems were examined by numerical methods. It is discovered that even very slow rotation of the shaft homogenises distribution of the magnetic particles concentration in the seal and thereby enlarges its operation life. For high-speed seals thermomagnetic convection provides the penetration of the fluid flow in the region of the narrow gap and levels off the temperature distribution decreasing its maximum value and thereby enlarges its operation life too. It is found also that the influence of thermomagnetic convection grows with the viscosity increasing.

  18. Magnetic multicore nanoparticles for hyperthermia--influence of particle immobilization in tumour tissue on magnetic properties.

    PubMed

    Dutz, Silvio; Kettering, Melanie; Hilger, Ingrid; Müller, Robert; Zeisberger, Matthias

    2011-07-01

    When using magnetic nanoparticles as a heating source for magnetic particle hyperthermia it is of particular interest to know if the particles are free to move in the interstitial fluid or are fixed to the tumour tissue. The immobilization state determines the relaxation behaviour of the administered particles and thus their specific heating power. To investigate this behaviour, magnetic multicore nanoparticles were injected into experimentally grown tumours in mice and magnetic heating treatment was carried out in an alternating magnetic field (H = 25 kA m(-1), f = 400 kHz). The tested particles were well suited for magnetic heating treatment as they heated a tumour of about 100 mg by about 22 K within the first 60 s. Upon sacrifice, histological tumour examination showed that the particles form spots in the tissue with a mainly homogeneous particle distribution in these spots. The magnetic ex vivo characterization of the removed tumour tissue gave clear evidence for the immobilization of the particles in the tumour tissue because the particles in the tumour showed the same magnetic behaviour as immobilized particles. Therefore, the particles are not able to rotate and a temperature increase due to Brown relaxation can be neglected. To accurately estimate the heating potential of magnetic materials, the respective environments influencing the nanoparticle mobility status have to be taken into account.

  19. The influence of catalysts on biofuel life cycle analysis (LCA)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Benavides, Pahola Thathiana; Cronauer, Donald C.; Adom, Felix K.

    Catalysts play an important role in biofuel production but are rarely included in biofuel life cycle analysis (LCA). In this work, we estimate the cradle-to-gate energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of Pt/γ-Al 2O 3, CoMo/γ-Al 2O 3, and ZSM-5, catalysts that could be used in processes to convert biomass to biofuels. We also consider the potential impacts of catalyst recovery and recycling. Integrating the energy and environmental impacts of CoMo/γ-Al 2O 3 and ZSM-5 into an LCA of renewable gasoline produced via in-situ and ex-situ fast pyrolysis of a blended woody feedstock revealed that the ZSM-5, with cradle-to-gatemore » GHG emissions of 7.7 kg CO 2e/kg, could influence net life-cycle GHG emissions of the renewable gasoline (1.7 gCO 2e/MJ for the in-situ process, 1.2 gCO 2e/MJ for the ex-situ process) by up to 14% depending on the loading rate. CoMo/γ-Al 2O 3 had a greater GHG intensity (9.6 kg CO 2e/kg) than ZSM-5, however, it contributed approximately only 1% to the life-cycle GHG emissions of the renewable gasoline because of the small amount of this catalyst needed per kg of biofuel produced. As a result, given that catalysts can contribute significantly to biofuel life-cycle GHG emissions depending on the GHG intensity of their production and their consumption rates, biofuel LCAs should consider the potential influence of catalysts on LCA results.« less

  20. The influence of catalysts on biofuel life cycle analysis (LCA)

    DOE PAGES

    Benavides, Pahola Thathiana; Cronauer, Donald C.; Adom, Felix K.; ...

    2017-01-21

    Catalysts play an important role in biofuel production but are rarely included in biofuel life cycle analysis (LCA). In this work, we estimate the cradle-to-gate energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of Pt/γ-Al 2O 3, CoMo/γ-Al 2O 3, and ZSM-5, catalysts that could be used in processes to convert biomass to biofuels. We also consider the potential impacts of catalyst recovery and recycling. Integrating the energy and environmental impacts of CoMo/γ-Al 2O 3 and ZSM-5 into an LCA of renewable gasoline produced via in-situ and ex-situ fast pyrolysis of a blended woody feedstock revealed that the ZSM-5, with cradle-to-gatemore » GHG emissions of 7.7 kg CO 2e/kg, could influence net life-cycle GHG emissions of the renewable gasoline (1.7 gCO 2e/MJ for the in-situ process, 1.2 gCO 2e/MJ for the ex-situ process) by up to 14% depending on the loading rate. CoMo/γ-Al 2O 3 had a greater GHG intensity (9.6 kg CO 2e/kg) than ZSM-5, however, it contributed approximately only 1% to the life-cycle GHG emissions of the renewable gasoline because of the small amount of this catalyst needed per kg of biofuel produced. As a result, given that catalysts can contribute significantly to biofuel life-cycle GHG emissions depending on the GHG intensity of their production and their consumption rates, biofuel LCAs should consider the potential influence of catalysts on LCA results.« less

  1. The solar dynamo and prediction of sunspot cycles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dikpati, Mausumi

    2012-07-01

    Much progress has been made in understanding the solar dynamo since Parker first developed the concepts of dynamo waves and magnetic buoyancy around 1955, and the German school first formulated the solar dynamo using the mean-field formalism. The essential ingredients of these mean-field dynamos are turbulent magnetic diffusivity, a source of lifting of flux, or 'alpha-effect', and differential rotation. With the advent of helioseismic and other observations at the Sun's photosphere and interior, as well as theoretical understanding of solar interior dynamics, solar dynamo models have evolved both in the realm of mean-field and beyond mean-field models. After briefly discussing the status of these models, I will focus on a class of mean-field model, called flux-transport dynamos, which include meridional circulation as an essential additional ingredient. Flux-transport dynamos have been successful in simulating many global solar cycle features, and have reached the stage that they can be used for making solar cycle predictions. Meridional circulation works in these models like a conveyor-belt, carrying a memory of the magnetic fields from 5 to 20 years back in past. The lower is the magnetic diffusivity, the longer is the model's memory. In the terrestrial system, the great-ocean conveyor-belt in oceanic models and Hadley, polar and Ferrel circulation cells in the troposphere, carry signatures from the past climatological events and influence the determination of future events. Analogously, the memory provided by the Sun's meridional circulation creates the potential for flux-transport dynamos to predict future solar cycle properties. Various groups in the world have built flux-transport dynamo-based predictive tools, which nudge the Sun's surface magnetic data and integrated forward in time to forecast the amplitude of the currently ascending cycle 24. Due to different initial conditions and different choices of unknown model-ingredients, predictions can vary; so

  2. Influence of Magnetic Fields on Magneto-Aerotaxis

    PubMed Central

    Bennet, Mathieu; McCarthy, Aongus; Fix, Dmitri; Edwards, Matthew R.; Repp, Felix; Vach, Peter; Dunlop, John W. C.; Sitti, Metin; Buller, Gerald S.; Klumpp, Stefan; Faivre, Damien

    2014-01-01

    The response of cells to changes in their physico-chemical micro-environment is essential to their survival. For example, bacterial magnetotaxis uses the Earth's magnetic field together with chemical sensing to help microorganisms move towards favoured habitats. The studies of such complex responses are lacking a method that permits the simultaneous mapping of the chemical environment and the response of the organisms, and the ability to generate a controlled physiological magnetic field. We have thus developed a multi-modal microscopy platform that fulfils these requirements. Using simultaneous fluorescence and high-speed imaging in conjunction with diffusion and aerotactic models, we characterized the magneto- aerotaxis of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense. We assessed the influence of the magnetic field (orientation; strength) on the formation and the dynamic of a micro-aerotactic band (size, dynamic, position). As previously described by models of magnetotaxis, the application of a magnetic field pointing towards the anoxic zone of an oxygen gradient results in an enhanced aerotaxis even down to Earth's magnetic field strength. We found that neither a ten-fold increase of the field strength nor a tilt of 45° resulted in a significant change of the aerotactic efficiency. However, when the field strength is zeroed or when the field angle is tilted to 90°, the magneto-aerotaxis efficiency is drastically reduced. The classical model of magneto-aerotaxis assumes a response proportional to the cosine of the angle difference between the directions of the oxygen gradient and that of the magnetic field. Our experimental evidence however shows that this behaviour is more complex than assumed in this model, thus opening up new avenues for research. PMID:24983865

  3. Influence of Nb addition on vacancy defects and magnetic properties of the nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Szwaja, Małgorzata; Gębara, Piotr; Filipecki, Jacek; Pawlik, Katarzyna; Przybył, Anna; Pawlik, Piotr; Wysłocki, Jerzy J.; Filipecka, Katarzyna

    2015-05-01

    In present work, influence of Nb addition on vacancy defects and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets, was investigated. Samples with composition (Nd,Fe,B)100-xNbx (where x=6,7,8) were studied in as-cast state and after annealing. Samples were prepared by arc-melting with high purity of constituent elements under Ar atmosphere. Ribbons were obtained by melt-spinning technique under low pressure of Ar. Ribbon samples in as-cast state had amorphous structure and soft magnetic properties. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy PALS has been applied to detection of positron - trapping voids (vacancy defects). With increase of Nb in alloy increasing of vacancy defects concentration was observed. Heat treatment of the samples was carried out at various temperatures (from 923 K to 1023 K) for 5 min, in order to obtain nanocrystalline structure. The aim of present work was to determine the influence of Nb addition and annealing conditions on the vacancy defects and magnetic properties of the Nd-Fe-B- type alloys in as-cast state and after heat treatment.

  4. The influence of topography on Titan’s atmospheric circulation and hydrologic cycle

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lora, Juan M.; Faulk, Sean; Mitchell, Jonathan

    2017-10-01

    Titan’s atmospheric circulation is a dominant driver of the global methane hydrologic cycle—producing weather and a seasonal climate cycle—while interactions between the surface and the troposphere strongly constrain regional climates, and contribute to the differentiation between Titan’s low latitude deserts and high latitude lake districts. Yet the influence of surface topography on the atmospheric circulation has only been studied in a few instances, and no published work has investigated the coupling between topographical forcing and Titan’s hydrologic cycle. In this work, we examine the impacts of global topography in the Titan Atmospheric Model (TAM), which includes a robust representation of the methane cycle. We focus in particular on the influence of large-scale topographical features on the atmospheric flow, atmospheric moisture transport, and cloud formation. High latitude transient weather systems have previously been identified as important contributors to global atmospheric methane transport, and here we examine whether topographically-forced stationary or quasi-permanent systems are also important, as they are in Earth’s hydrologic cycle.

  5. Magnetic properties of electrical iron sheet under controlled magnetization

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Takada, Shunji; Sasaki, Tadashi

    1993-11-01

    Power losses of electrical iron sheet were measured under the controlled magnetizing condition in which magnetic induction changes at a constant time rate for a fixed time and pauses at a certain induction for a varied time in every half magnetizing cycle. Considerable increase of losses per magnetizing cycle with a pause time has been found only in the case of magnetization pause at the maximum induction. The increase of losses is considered from magnetostriction measurements to be caused by internal magnetization rearrangement accompanied with flux reversal after the pause period.

  6. Regarding the influence of heating and the Soret effect on a magnetic fluid seal

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Krakov, M. S.; Nikiforov, I. V.

    2017-06-01

    The influence of a temperature gradient and the Soret effect on the distribution of particles in a magnetic fluid seal (MFS) is studied. The heating of the MFS is found to be an effective method of homogenizing the magnetic fluid in the seal; in addition, the influence of the Soret effect on this process is found to be essential.

  7. In vivo field-cycling relaxometry using an insert coil for magnetic field offset.

    PubMed

    Pine, Kerrin J; Goldie, Fred; Lurie, David J

    2014-11-01

    The T(1) of tissue has a strong dependence on the measurement magnetic field strength. T(1) -dispersion could be a useful contrast parameter, but is unavailable to clinical MR systems which operate at fixed magnetic field strength. The purpose of this work was to implement a removable insert magnet coil for field-cycling T(1) -dispersion measurements on a vertical-field MRI scanner, by offsetting the static field over a volume of interest. An insert magnet coil was constructed for use with a whole-body sized 59 milli-Tesla (mT) vertical-field, permanent-magnet based imager. The coil has diameter 38 cm and thickness 6.1 cm and a homogeneous region (± 5%) of 5 cm DSV, offset by 5 cm from the coil surface. Surface radiofrequency (RF) coils were also constructed. The insert coil was used in conjunction with a surface RF coil and a volume-localized inversion-recovery pulse sequence to plot T(1) -dispersion in a human volunteer's forearm over a range of field strengths from 1 mT to 70 mT. T(1) -dispersion measurements were demonstrated on a fixed-field MRI scanner, using an insert coil. This demonstrates the feasibility of relaxation dispersion measurements on an otherwise conventional MR imager, facilitating the exploitation of T(1) -dispersion contrast for enhanced diagnosis. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  8. Predicting the Sunspot Cycle

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hathaway, David H.

    2009-01-01

    The 11-year sunspot cycle was discovered by an amateur astronomer in 1844. Visual and photographic observations of sunspots have been made by both amateurs and professionals over the last 400 years. These observations provide key statistical information about the sunspot cycle that do allow for predictions of future activity. However, sunspots and the sunspot cycle are magnetic in nature. For the last 100 years these magnetic measurements have been acquired and used exclusively by professional astronomers to gain new information about the nature of the solar activity cycle. Recently, magnetic dynamo models have evolved to the stage where they can assimilate past data and provide predictions. With the advent of the Internet and open data policies, amateurs now have equal access to the same data used by professionals and equal opportunities to contribute (but, alas, without pay). This talk will describe some of the more useful prediction techniques and reveal what they say about the intensity of the upcoming sunspot cycle.

  9. Flow downstream of the heliospheric terminal shock: Magnetic field line topology and solar cycle imprint

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Nerney, Steven; Suess, S. T.; Schmahl, E. J.

    1995-01-01

    The topology of the magnetic field in the heliosheath is illustrated using plots of the field lines. It is shown that the Archimedean spiral inside the terminal shock is rotated back in the heliosheath into nested spirals that are advected in the direction of the interstellar wind. The 22-year solar magnetic cycle is imprinted onto these field lines in the form of unipolar magnetic envelopes surrounded by volumes of strongly mixed polarity. Each envelope is defined by the changing tilt of the heliospheric current sheet, which is in turn defined by the boundary of unipolar high-latitude regions on the Sun that shrink to the pole at solar maximum and expand to the equator at solar minimum. The detailed shape of the envelopes is regulated by the solar wind velocity structure in the heliosheath.

  10. The Influence of Hyperons and Strong Magnetic Field in Neutron Star Properties

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lopes, L. L.; Menezes, D. P.

    2012-12-01

    Neutron stars are among of the most exotic objects in the universe and constitute a unique laboratory to study nuclear matter above the nuclear saturation density. In this work, we study the equation of state (EoS) of the nuclear matter within a relativistic model subject to a strong magnetic field. We then apply this EoS to study and describe some of the physical characteristics of neutron stars, especially the mass-radius relation and chemical compositions. To study the influence of the magnetic field and the hyperons in the stellar interior, we consider altogether four solutions: two different magnetic field to obtain a weak and a strong influence; and two configurations: a family of neutron stars formed only by protons, electrons, and neutrons and a family formed by protons, electrons, neutrons, muons, and hyperons. The limit and the validity of the results found are discussed with some care. In all cases, the particles that constitute the neutron star are in β equilibrium and zero total net charge. Our work indicates that the effect of a strong magnetic field has to be taken into account in the description of magnetars, mainly if we believe that there are hyperons in their interior, in which case the influence of the magnetic field can increase the mass by more than 10 %. We have also seen that although a magnetar can reach 2.48 M ⊙, a natural explanation of why we do not know pulsars with masses above 2.0 M ⊙ arises. We also discuss how the magnetic field affects the strangeness fraction in some standard neutron star masses, and to conclude our paper, we revisit the direct Urca process related to the cooling of the neutron stars and show how it is affected by the hyperons and the magnetic field.

  11. Influence of time dependent longitudinal magnetic fields on the cooling process, exchange bias and magnetization reversal mechanism in FM core/AFM shell nanoparticles: a Monte Carlo study.

    PubMed

    Yüksel, Yusuf; Akıncı, Ümit

    2016-12-07

    Using Monte Carlo simulations, we have investigated the dynamic phase transition properties of magnetic nanoparticles with ferromagnetic core coated by an antiferromagnetic shell structure. Effects of field amplitude and frequency on the thermal dependence of magnetizations, magnetization reversal mechanisms during hysteresis cycles, as well as on the exchange bias and coercive fields have been examined, and the feasibility of applying dynamic magnetic fields on the particle have been discussed for technological and biomedical purposes.

  12. The Menstrual Cycle Influences Emotion but Has Limited Effect on Cognitive Function.

    PubMed

    Sundström-Poromaa, Inger

    2018-01-01

    From a psychological perspective, the menstrual cycle has been a research topic for more than 50 years. The most recent menstrual cycle research has been driven by an increased interest in sex differences in neuroscience, and the urge to understand sex disparities in prevalence, clinical presentation, and treatment response in psychiatric or neurologic disorders. Indeed, the menstrual cycle is an excellent model of ovarian steroid influence on emotion, behavior, and cognition. This review summarizes the emotion-related and cognitive findings of methodologically sound menstrual cycle studies. In particular, the review is devoted to the sex hormone-induced emotional disturbances in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder, a subgroup of women responding with enhanced sensitivity to the normal fluctuations in endogenous hormone levels during the menstrual cycle. In addition, emotion processing and cognitive findings across the menstrual cycle in healthy women are also discussed. The overall conclusion is that that menstrual cycle differences in sexually dimorphic cognitive tasks are small and difficult to replicate. Emotion-related changes are more consistently found and are better associated with progesterone and the luteal phase, than with estradiol. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  13. Influence of Magnetic Topology on Mars' Ionospheric Structure

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Adams, D.; Xu, S.; Mitchell, D. L.; Fillingim, M. O.; Lillis, R. J.; Andersson, L.; Fowler, C. M.; Benna, M.; Connerney, J. E. P.; Elrod, M. K.; Girazian, Z.; Vogt, M.

    2017-12-01

    The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission has been in Mars' orbit since September 2014 (>1 Mars year), and has collected particle and field data within the ionosphere over wide ranges of altitudes, latitudes, and local times. This study uses MAVEN data to (1) analyze the influence of magnetic topology on the day-side ionosphere and (2) identify the sources of the night-side ionosphere. On the day side, magnetic strength and elevation angle are commonly used as proxies for magnetic topology. In this study, we use pitch-angle-resolved suprathermal electron measurements by the Solar Wind Electron Analyzer (SWEA) to directly deduce the magnetic topology instead of using a proxy. On the night side, the main sources of ionospheric plasma are bulk transport and plasma pressure gradient flow from the day side, as well as in situ production by electron impact ionization (EII). Plasma transport at Mars is complicated by the presence of intense crustal magnetic fields. Closed crustal magnetic fields form isolated plasma environments ("miniature magnetospheres") that inhibit external sources of cold ionospheric plasma as well as suprathermal (ionizing) electrons. Inside these closed magnetic loops, we study how the plasma evolves with bulk flow transport as the only source. By comparing closed and non-closed magnetic configurations, the effects of pressure gradient flow and EII can be distinguished. Finally, the densities of O2+, O+, and NO+, as measured by the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS), are examined. Inside miniature magnetospheres on the night side, the abundances of these species are found to be primarily controlled by the different recombination rates, as there is little plasma created within these regions by EII or transported from the neighboring regions by plasma pressure gradient flow.

  14. Permanent Magnet Spiral Motor for Magnetic Gradient Energy Utilization: Axial Magnetic Field

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Valone, Thomas F.

    2010-01-01

    The Spiral Magnetic Motor, which can accelerate a magnetized rotor through 90% of its cycle with only permanent magnets, was an energy milestone for the 20th century patents by Kure Tekkosho in the 1970's. However, the Japanese company used old ferrite magnets which are relatively weak and an electrically-powered coil to jump start every cycle, which defeated the primary benefit of the permanent magnet motor design. The principle of applying an inhomogeneous, anisotropic magnetic field gradient force Fz = μ cos φ dB/dz, with permanent magnets is well-known in physics, e.g., Stern-Gerlach experiment, which exploits the interaction of a magnetic moment with the aligned electron spins of magnetic domains. In this case, it is applied to dB/dθ in polar coordinates, where the force Fθ depends equally on the magnetic moment, the cosine of the angle between the magnetic moment and the field gradient. The radial magnetic field increases in strength (in the attractive mode) or decreases in strength (in the repulsive mode) as the rotor turns through one complete cycle. An electromagnetic pulsed switching has been historically used to help the rotor traverse the gap (detent) between the end of the magnetic stator arc and the beginning (Kure Tekko, 1980). However, alternative magnetic pulse and switching designs have been developed, as well as strategic eddy current creation. This work focuses on the switching mechanism, novel magnetic pulse methods and advantageous angular momentum improvements. For example, a collaborative effort has begun with Toshiyuki Ueno (University of Tokyo) who has invented an extremely low power, combination magnetostrictive-piezoelectric (MS-PZT) device for generating low frequency magnetic fields and consumes "zero power" for static magnetic field production (Ueno, 2004 and 2007a). Utilizing a pickup coil such as an ultra-miniature millihenry inductor with a piezoelectric actuator or simply Wiegand wire geometry, it is shown that the necessary

  15. The influence of crustal magnetic sources on the topology of the Martian magnetic environment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Brain, David Andrew

    2002-09-01

    In this thesis I use magnetometer data and magnetic field models to explore the morphology of magnetic fields close to Mars, with emphasis on the manner and extent to which crustal magnetic sources affect the magnetic field configuration. I analyze Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Magnetometer (MAG) data to determine the relative importance of the solar wind and of crustal magnetic sources in the observations. Crustal sources locally modify the solar wind interaction, adding variability to the Martian magnetic environment that depends on planetary rotation. I identify trends in the vector magnetic field with respect to altitude, solar zenith angle, and geographic location. The influence of the strongest crustal source extends to 1300 1400 km. I then use MAG data to evaluate models for the magnetic field associated with Mars' crust and for the solar wind interaction with the Martian ionosphere. A linear superposition of a spherical harmonic crustal model and a gasdynamic solar wind model improves the fit to MAG data over that from either model individually. I use simple pressure balance to calculate the shape and size of the Martian solar wind obstacle under a variety of different conditions. The obstacle is irregularly shaped (“lumpy”) and varies over the course of a Martian rotation, over a Martian year, and with changes in the upstream pressure. The obstacle above strong crustal sources can exceed 1000 km and is always higher than the altitude of the MGS spacecraft in its mapping orbit. I use a superposition model to explore the magnetic field topology at Mars under a variety of conditions. The model field topology is sensitive to changes in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength and orientation, as well as to Mars' orientation with respect to the solar wind flow. Regions of open magnetic field are located above strong crustal sources in the models, where the magnetic field is radially oriented with respect to the Martian surface. An examination of MAG

  16. Separating the influence of electric charges in magnetic force microscopy images of inhomogeneous metal samples

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Arenas, Mónica P.; Lanzoni, Evandro M.; Pacheco, Clara J.; Costa, Carlos A. R.; Eckstein, Carlos B.; de Almeida, Luiz H.; Rebello, João M. A.; Deneke, Christoph F.; Pereira, Gabriela R.

    2018-01-01

    In this study, we investigate artifacts arising from electric charges present in magnetic force microscopy images. Therefore, we use two austenitic steel samples with different microstructural conditions. Furthermore, we examine the influence of the surface preparation, like etching, in magnetic force images. Using Kelvin probe force microscopy we can quantify the charges present on the surface. Our results show that electrical charges give rise to a signature in the magnetic force microscopy, which is indistinguishable from a magnetic signal. Our results on two differently aged steel samples demonstrate that the magnetic force microscopy images need to be interpreted with care and must be corrected due to the influence of electrical charges present. We discuss three approaches, how to identify these artifacts - parallel acquisition of magnetic force and electric force images on the same position, sample surface preparation to decrease the presence of charges and inversion of the magnetic polarization in two succeeding measurement.

  17. Influence of the menstrual cycle on flight simulator performance after alcohol ingestion.

    PubMed

    Mumenthaler, M S; O'Hara, R; Taylor, J L; Friedman, L; Yesavage, J A

    2001-07-01

    Previous studies investigating the influence of the menstrual cycle on cognitive functioning of women after alcohol ingestion have obtained inconsistent results. The present study tested the hypothesis that flight simulator performance during acute alcohol intoxication and 8 hours after drinking differs between the menstrual and the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. White female pilots (N = 24) were tested during the menstrual and the luteal phases of their menstrual cycles. On each test day they performed a baseline simulator flight, consumed 0.67 g/kg ethanol, and performed an acute-intoxication and an 8-hour-carryover simulator flight. Subjects reached highly significant increases in estradiol (E2) as well as progesterone (P) levels during the luteal test day. Yet, there were no significant differences in overall flight performance after alcohol ingestion between the menstrual and luteal phases during acute intoxication or at 8-hour carryover. We found no correlations between E, or P levels and overall flight performance. However, there was a statistically significant Phase x Order interaction: Pilots who started the experiment with their menstrual day were less susceptible to the effects of alcohol during the second test day than were pilots who started with their luteal day. The tested menstrual cycle phases and varying E2 and P levels did not significantly influence postdrink flight performance. Because the present study included a comparatively large sample size and because it involved complex "real world" tasks (piloting an aircraft), we believe that the present findings are important. We hope that our failure to detect menstrual cycle effects will encourage researchers to include women in their investigations of alcohol effects and human performance.

  18. Influence of magnetocrystalline anisotropy on the magnetization dynamics of magnetic microstructures.

    PubMed

    Kaiser, A; Wiemann, C; Cramm, S; Schneider, C M

    2009-08-05

    The study of magnetodynamics using stroboscopic time-resolved x-ray photoemission electron microscopy (TR-XPEEM) involves an intrinsic timescale provided by the pulse structure of the synchrotron radiation. In the usual multi-bunch operation mode, the time span between two subsequent light pulses is too short to allow a relaxation of the system into the ground state before the next pump-probe cycle starts. Using a deflection gating mechanism described in this paper we are able to pick the photoemission signal resulting from selected light pulses. Thus, PEEM measurements can be carried out in a flexible timing scheme with longer delays between two light pulses. Using this technique, the magnetodynamics of both Permalloy and iron structures have been investigated. The differences in the dynamic response on a short magnetic field pulse are discussed with respect to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy.

  19. Glass eels (Anguilla anguilla) have a magnetic compass linked to the tidal cycle

    PubMed Central

    Cresci, Alessandro; Paris, Claire B.; Durif, Caroline M. F.; Shema, Steven; Bjelland, Reidun M.; Skiftesvik, Anne Berit; Browman, Howard I.

    2017-01-01

    The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) has one of the longest migrations in the animal kingdom. It crosses the Atlantic Ocean twice during its life history, migrating between the spawning area in the Sargasso Sea and Europe, where it is widely distributed. The leptocephalus larvae drift with the Gulf Stream and other currents for more than a year and metamorphose into glass eels when they arrive on the continental shelf and move toward coastal areas. The mechanisms underlying glass eel orientation toward the coast and into freshwater systems are poorly known. However, anguillid eels, including the glass eel life stage, have a geomagnetic sense, suggesting the possibility that they use Earth’s magnetic field to orient toward the coast. To test this hypothesis, we used a unique combination of laboratory tests and in situ behavioral observations conducted in a drifting circular arena. Most (98%) of the glass eels tested in the sea exhibited a preferred orientation that was related to the tidal cycle. Seventy-one percent of the same eels showed the same orientation during ebb tide when tested in the laboratory under a manipulated simulated magnetic field in the absence of any other cue. These results demonstrate that glass eels use a magnetic compass for orientation and suggest that this magnetic orientation system is linked to a circatidal rhythm. PMID:28630895

  20. Influence of continuous magnetic field on the separation of ephedrine enantiomers by molecularly imprinted polymers.

    PubMed

    Guerreiro, António R; Korkhov, Vadim; Mijangos, Irene; Piletska, Elena V; Rodins, Juris; Turner, Anthony P F; Piletsky, Sergey A

    2008-02-28

    A set of polymers was imprinted with (-)-ephedrine using UV initiation, under the influence of a constant external magnetic field with intensities ranging from 0 to 1.55 T. Synthesised materials were characterised by X-ray crystallography, infrared spectroscopy, swelling and surface area. Recognition properties were assessed by the ability to discriminate between (+) and (-)-ephedrine and by Scatchard analyses on chromatographic mode. It was shown that polymer morphology and recognition properties are affected by the magnetic field. This resulted in considerable improvements in the chromatographic resolution of ephedrine enantiomers by materials synthesised under the influence of magnetic field. Apparently the magnetic field improved the ordering of the polymer structure and facilitated the formation of more uniform imprinting sites.

  1. Influence of magnetic field structure on the conduction cooling of flare loops

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Antiochos, S. K.; Sturrock, P. A.

    1976-01-01

    A simple model facilitates calculation of the influence of magnetic-field configuration on the conduction cooling rate of a hot post-flare coronal plasma. The magnetic field is taken to be that produced by a line dipole or point dipole at an arbitrary depth below the chromosphere. For the high temperatures (at least 10 million K) produced by flares, the plasma may remain static and isobaric. The influence of the field is such as to increase the heat flux (per unit area) into the chromosphere, but to decrease the total conduction cooling of the flare plasma. This leads to a significant enhancement of the total energy radiated by the flare plasma.

  2. Influence of magnetic cohesion on the stability of granular slopes.

    PubMed

    Taylor, K; King, P J; Swift, Michael R

    2008-09-01

    We use a molecular dynamics model to simulate the formation and evolution of a granular pile in two dimensions in order to gain a better understanding of the role of magnetic interactions in avalanche dynamics. We find that the angle of repose increases only slowly with magnetic field; the increase in angle is small even for intergrain cohesive forces many times stronger than gravity. The magnetic forces within the bulk of the pile partially cancel as a result of the anisotropic nature of the dipole-dipole interaction between grains. However, we show that this cancellation effect is not sufficiently strong to explain the discrepancy between the angle of repose in wet systems and magnetically cohesive systems. In our simulations we observe shearing deep within the pile, and we argue that it is this motion that prevents the angle of repose from increasing dramatically. We also investigate different implementations of friction with the front and back walls of the container, and conclude that the nature of the friction dramatically affects the influence of magnetic cohesion on the angle of repose.

  3. The influence of sporadic anovulation on hormone levels in ovulatory cycles

    PubMed Central

    Hambridge, H.L.; Mumford, S.L.; Mattison, D.R.; Ye, A.; Pollack, A.Z.; Bloom, M.S.; Mendola, P.; Lynch, K.L.; Wactawski-Wende, J.; Schisterman, E.F.

    2013-01-01

    STUDY QUESTION Do ovulatory hormone profiles among healthy premenopausal women differ between women with and without sporadic anovulation? SUMMARY ANSWER Women with one anovulatory cycle tended to have lower estradiol, progesterone and LH peak levels during their ovulatory cycle. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Anovulation occurs sporadically in healthy premenopausal women, but the influence of hormones in a preceding cycle and the impact on a subsequent cycle's hormone levels is unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The BioCycle Study was a prospective cohort including 250 healthy regularly menstruating women, 18–44 years of age, from Western New York with no history of menstrual or ovulation disorders. The women were followed with up to eight study visits per cycle for two cycles, most of which were consecutive. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING AND METHODS All study visits were timed to menstrual cycle phase using fertility monitors and located at the University at Buffalo women's health research center from 2005 to 2007. The main outcomes measured were estradiol, progesterone, LH and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in serum at up to 16 visits over two cycles. Anovulation was defined as peak serum progesterone concentrations ≤5 ng/ml and no serum LH peak detected during the mid- or late-luteal phase visit. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Reproductive hormone concentrations were lower during anovulatory cycles, but significant reductions were also observed in estradiol (−25%, P = 0.003) and progesterone (−22%, P = 0.001) during the ovulatory cycles of women with one anovulatory cycle compared with women with two ovulatory cycles. LH peak concentrations were decreased in the ovulatory cycle of women with an anovulatory cycle (significant amplitude effect, P = 0.004; geometric mean levels 38% lower, P < 0.05). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Follow-up was limited to two menstrual cycles, and no ultrasound assessment of ovulation was available. Data were

  4. Cognitive constraints influence an understanding of life-cycle change.

    PubMed

    French, Jason A; Menendez, David; Herrmann, Patricia A; Evans, E Margaret; Rosengren, Karl S

    2018-05-04

    We investigated children's (n = 120; 3- to 11-year-olds) and adults' (n = 18) reasoning about life-cycle changes in biological organisms by examining their endorsements of four different patterns of life-span changes. Participants were presented with two separate tasks: (a) judging possible adult versions of a juvenile animal and (b) judging possible juvenile versions of an adult animal. The stimuli enabled us to examine the endorsement of four different patterns of change: identical growth, natural growth, dramatic change, and speciation. The results suggest that endorsement of the different patterns is influenced by age and familiarity. Young children and individuals confronted with unfamiliar organisms often endorsed an identical growth that emphasizes the stability of features over the life span and between parents and offspring. The results are interpreted as supporting the idea that cognitive constraints influence individuals' reasoning about biological change and that the influence of these constraints is most notable when individuals are young or are presented with unfamiliar biological organisms. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. Solar Cycle Effects on Equatorial Electrojet Strength and Low Latitude Ionospheric Variability (P10)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Veenadhari, B.; Alex, S.

    2006-11-01

    veena_iig@yahoo.co.in The most obvious indicators of the activity of a solar cycle are sunspots, flares, plages, and soon. These are intimately linked to the solar magnetic fields, heliospheric processes which exhibit complex but systematic variations. The changes in geomagnetic activity, as observed in the ground magnetic records follow systematic correspondence with the solar activity conditions. Thus the transient variations in the magnetic field get modified by differing solar conditions. Also the solar cycle influences the Earth causing changes in geomagnetic activity, the magnetosphere and the ionosphere. Daily variations in the ground magnetic field are produced by different current systems in the earth’s space environment flowing in the ionosphere and magnetosphere which has a strong dependence on latitude and longitude of the location. The north-south (Horizontal) configuration of the earth’s magnetic field over the equator is responsible for the narrow band of current system over the equatorial latitudes and is called the Equatorial electrojet (EEJ) and is a primary driver for Equatorial Ionization anomaly (EIA). Equatorial electric fields and plasma drifts play the fundamental roles on the morphology of the low latitude ionosphere and strongly vary during geomagnetically quiet and disturbed periods. Quantitative study is done to illustrate the development process of EEJ and its influence on ionospheric parameters. An attempt is also made to examine and discuss the response of the equatorial electrojet parameters to the fast varying conditions of solar wind and interplanetary parameters.

  6. Long periods (1 -10 mHz) geomagnetic pulsations variation with solar cycle in South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rigon Silva, Willian; Schuch, Nelson Jorge; Guimarães Dutra, Severino Luiz; Babulal Trivedi, Nalin; Claudir da Silva, Andirlei; Souza Savian, Fernando; Ronan Coelho Stekel, Tardelli; de Siqueira, Josemar; Espindola Antunes, Cassio

    The occurrence and intensity of the geomagnetic pulsations Pc-5 (2-7 mHz) and its relationship with the solar cycle in the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly -SAMA is presented. The study of geomagnetic pulsations is important to help the understanding of the physical processes that occurs in the magnetosphere region and help to predict geomagnetic storms. The fluxgate mag-netometers H, D and Z, three axis geomagnetic field data from the Southern Space Observatory -SSO/CRS/INPE -MCT, São Martinho da Serra (29.42° S, 53.87° W, 480m a.s.l.), RS, Brasil, a were analyzed and correlated with the solar wind parameters (speed, density and temperature) from the ACE and SOHO satellites. A digital filtering to enhance the 2-7 mHz geomagnetic pulsations was used. Five quiet days and five perturbed days in the solar minimum and in the solar maximum were selected for this analysis. The days were chosen based on the IAGA definition and on the Bartels Musical Diagrams (Kp index) for 2001 (solar maximum) and 2008 (solar minimum). The biggest Pc-5 amplitude averages differences between the H-component is 78,35 nT for the perturbed days and 1,60nT for the quiet days during the solar maximum. For perturbed days the average amplitude during the solar minimum is 8,32 nT, confirming a direct solar cycle influence in the geomagnetic pulsations intensity for long periods.

  7. A PROPOSED PARADIGM FOR SOLAR CYCLE DYNAMICS MEDIATED VIA TURBULENT PUMPING OF MAGNETIC FLUX IN BABCOCK–LEIGHTON-TYPE SOLAR DYNAMOS

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hazra, Soumitra; Nandy, Dibyendu

    At present, the Babcock–Leighton flux transport solar dynamo models appear to be the most promising models for explaining diverse observational aspects of the sunspot cycle. The success of these flux transport dynamo models is largely dependent upon a single-cell meridional circulation with a deep equatorward component at the base of the Sun’s convection zone. However, recent observations suggest that the meridional flow may in fact be very shallow (confined to the top 10% of the Sun) and more complex than previously thought. Taken together, these observations raise serious concerns on the validity of the flux transport paradigm. By accounting formore » the turbulent pumping of magnetic flux, as evidenced in magnetohydrodynamic simulations of solar convection, we demonstrate that flux transport dynamo models can generate solar-like magnetic cycles even if the meridional flow is shallow. Solar-like periodic reversals are recovered even when meridional circulation is altogether absent. However, in this case, the solar surface magnetic field dynamics does not extend all the way to the polar regions. Very importantly, our results demonstrate that the Parker–Yoshimura sign rule for dynamo wave propagation can be circumvented in Babcock–Leighton dynamo models by the latitudinal component of turbulent pumping, which can generate equatorward propagating sunspot belts in the absence of a deep, equatorward meridional flow. We also show that variations in turbulent pumping coefficients can modulate the solar cycle amplitude and periodicity. Our results suggest the viability of an alternate magnetic flux transport paradigm—mediated via turbulent pumping—for sustaining solar-stellar dynamo action.« less

  8. Field-cycling NMR experiments in an ultra-wide magnetic field range: relaxation and coherent polarization transfer.

    PubMed

    Zhukov, Ivan V; Kiryutin, Alexey S; Yurkovskaya, Alexandra V; Grishin, Yuri A; Vieth, Hans-Martin; Ivanov, Konstantin L

    2018-05-09

    An experimental method is described allowing fast field-cycling Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments over a wide range of magnetic fields from 5 nT to 10 T. The method makes use of a hybrid technique: the high field range is covered by positioning the sample in the inhomogeneous stray field of the NMR spectrometer magnet. For fields below 2 mT a magnetic shield is mounted on top of the spectrometer; inside the shield the magnetic field is controlled by a specially designed coil system. This combination allows us to measure T1-relaxation times and nuclear Overhauser effect parameters over the full range in a routine way. For coupled proton-carbon spin systems relaxation with a common T1 is found at low fields, where the spins are "strongly coupled". In some cases, experiments at ultralow fields provide access to heteronuclear long-lived spin states. Efficient coherent polarization transfer is seen for proton-carbon spin systems at ultralow fields as follows from the observation of quantum oscillations in the polarization evolution. Applications to analysis and the manipulation of heteronuclear spin systems are discussed.

  9. Influence of magnetic field configuration on magnetohydrodynamic waves in Earth's core

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Knezek, Nicholas; Buffett, Bruce

    2018-04-01

    We develop a numerical model to study magnetohydrodynamic waves in a thin layer of stratified fluid near the surface of Earth's core. Past studies have been limited to using simple background magnetic field configurations. However, the choice of field distribution can dramatically affect the structure and frequency of the waves. To permit a more general treatment of background magnetic field and layer stratification, we combine finite volume and Fourier methods to describe the wave motions. We validate our model by comparisons to previous studies and examine the influence of background magnetic field configuration on two types of magnetohydrodynamic waves. We show that the structure of zonal Magnetic-Archimedes-Coriolis (MAC) waves for a dipole background field is unstable to small perturbations of the field strength in the equatorial region. Modifications to the wave structures are computed for a range of field configurations. In addition, we show that non-zonal MAC waves are trapped near the equator for realistic magnetic field distributions, and that their latitudinal extent depends upon the distribution of magnetic field strength at the CMB.

  10. Magnetic Properties of Bermuda Rise Sediments Controlled by Glacial Cycles During the Late Pleistocene

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Roud, S.

    2015-12-01

    Sediments from ODP site 1063 (Bermuda Rise, North Atlantic) contain a high-resolution record of geomagnetic field behavior during the Brunhes Chron. We present rock magnetic data of the upper 160 mcd (<900 ka) from hole 1063D that show magnetic properties vary in concert with glacial cycles. Magnetite appears to be the main magnetic carrier in the carbonate-dominated interglacial horizons, yet exhibits contrasting grain size distributions depending on the redox state of the horizons. Higher contributions of single domain magnetite exist above the present day sulfate reduction zone (ca. 44 mcd) with relatively higher multidomain magnetite components below that likely arise from the partial dissolution of SD magnetite in the deeper, anoxic horizons. Glacial horizons on the other hand, characterized by enhanced terrigenous deposition, show no evidence for diagenetic dissolution but do indicate the presence of authigenic greigite close to glacial maxima (acquisition of gyro-remanence, strong magnetostatic interactions and SD properties). Glacial horizons contain hematite (maxima in HIRM and S-Ratio consistent with a reddish hue) and exhibit higher ARM anisotropy and pronounced sedimentary fabrics. We infer that post depositional processes affected the magnetic grain size and mineralogy of Bermuda rise sediments deposited during the late Pleistocene. Hematite concentration is interpreted to reflect primary terrigenous input that is likely derived from the Canadian Maritime Provinces. A close correlation between HIRM and magnetic foliation suggests that changes in sediment composition (terrigenous vs. marine biogenic) were accompanied by changes in the depositional processes at the site.

  11. Influence of magnetic field structure on the conduction cooling of flare loops

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Antiochos, S. K.; Sturrock, P. A.

    1976-01-01

    A simple model facilitates calculation of the influence of magnetic field configuration on the conduction cooling rate of a hot post-flare coronal plasma. The magnetic field is taken to be that produced by a line dipole or point dipole at an arbitrary depth below the chromosphere. For the high temperatures (T greater than or equal to 10 to the 7th power K) produced by flares, the plasma may remain static and isobaric. The influence of the field is such as to increase the heat flux (per unit area) into the chromosphere, but to decrease the total conduction cooling of the flare plasma. This leads to a significant enhancement of the total energy radiated by the flare plasma.

  12. Influence of Plants on Chlorine Cycling in Terrestrial Environments

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Montelius, Malin; Thiry, Yves; Marang, Laura; Ranger, Jacques; Cornelis, Jean-Thomas; Svensson, Teresia; Bastviken, David

    2016-04-01

    Chlorine (Cl), one of the 20 most abundant elements on Earth, is crucial for life as a regulator of cellular ionic strength and an essential co-factor in photosynthesis. Chlorinated organic compounds (Clorg) molecules are surprisingly abundant in soils, in fact many studies during the last decades show that Clorg typically account for more than 60% of the total soil Cl pool in boreal and temperate forest soils and frequently exceed chloride (Cl-) levels. The natural and primarily biotic formation of this Clorg pool has been confirmed experimentally but the detailed content of the Clorg pool and the reasons for its high abundance remains puzzling and there is a lack of Cl budgets for different ecosystems. Recently, the radioisotope 36Cl has caused concerns because of presence in radioactive waste, a long half-life (301 000 years), potential high mobility, and limited knowledge about Cl residence times, speciation and uptake by organisms in terrestrial environments. The chlorination of organic molecules may influence the pool of available Cl- to organisms and thereby the Cl cycling dynamics. This will prolong residence times of total Cl in the soil-vegetation system, which affects exposure times in radioactive 36Cl isotope risk assessments. We tested to what extent the dominating tree species influences the overall terrestrial Cl cycling and the balance between Cl- and Clorg. Total Cl and Clorg were measured in different tree compartments and soil horizons in the Breuil experimental forest, Bourgogne, established in 1976 and located at Breuil-Chenue in Eastern France. The results from this field experiment show how the dominating tree species affected Cl cycling and accumulation over a time period of 30 years. Cl uptake by trees as well as content of both total Cl and Clorg in soil humus was much higher in experimental plots with coniferous forests compared to deciduous forests. The amounts of Clorg found in plant tissue indicate significant Clorg production inside

  13. COMPARING CORONAL AND HELIOSPHERIC MAGNETIC FIELDS OVER SEVERAL SOLAR CYCLES

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Koskela, J. S.; Virtanen, I. I.; Mursula, K., E-mail: jennimari.koskela@oulu.fi

    Here we use the PFSS model and photospheric data from Wilcox Solar Observatory, SOHO /MDI, SDO/HMI, and SOLIS to compare the coronal field with heliospheric magnetic field measured at 1 au, compiled in the NASA/NSSDC OMNI 2 data set. We calculate their mutual polarity match and the power of the radial decay, p , of the radial field using different source surface distances and different number of harmonic multipoles. We find the average polarity match of 82% for the declining phase, 78%–79% for maxima, 76%–78% for the ascending phase, and 74%–76% for minima. On an average, the source surface ofmore » 3.25 R{sub S} gives the best polarity match. We also find strong evidence for solar cycle variation of the optimal source surface distance, with highest values (3.3 R{sub S}) during solar minima and lowest values (2.6 R{sub S}–2.7 R{sub S}) during the other three solar cycle phases. Raising the number of harmonic terms beyond 2 rarely improves the polarity match, showing that the structure of the HMF at 1 au is most of the time rather simple. All four data sets yield fairly similar polarity matches. Thus, polarity comparison is not affected by photospheric field scaling, unlike comparisons of the field intensity.« less

  14. Influence of cutting strains and magnetic anisotropy of electrical steel on the air gap flux distribution of an induction motor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hribernik, Božo

    1984-02-01

    This paper describes an iterative algorithm for the simulation of various real magnetic materials in a small induction motor and their influence on the flux distribution in the air gap. Two standard materials, fully-, and semi-processed steel strips were used. The nonlinearity of the magnetization curve, the influence of cutting strains and magnetic anisotropy are also considered. All these influences bring out the facts that the uniformly rotated and sine form exitation causes a nonuniformly rotated and deformed magnetic field in the air gap of the machine and that the magnetization current is winding place dependent.

  15. Toxoplasma gondii influences aversive behaviors of female rats in an estrus cycle dependent manner.

    PubMed

    Golcu, Doruk; Gebre, Rahiwa Z; Sapolsky, Robert M

    2014-08-01

    The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) manipulates the behavior of its rodent intermediate host to facilitate its passage to its feline definitive host. This is accomplished by a reduction of the aversive response that rodents show towards cat odors, which likely increases the predation risk. Females on average show similar changes as males. However, behaviors that relate to aversion and attraction are usually strongly influenced by the estrus cycle. In this study, we replicated behavioral effects of T. gondii in female rats, as well as expanded it to two novel behavioral paradigms. We also characterized the role of the estrus cycle in the behavioral effects of T. gondii on female rats. Uninfected females preferred to spend more time in proximity to rabbit rather than bobcat urine, and in a dark chamber rather than a lit chamber. Infected females lost both of these preferences, and also spent more time investigating social novelty (foreign bedding in their environment). Taken together, these data suggest that infection makes females less risk averse and more exploratory. Furthermore, this effect was influenced by the estrus cycle. Uninfected rats preferred rabbit urine to bobcat urine throughout the cycle except at estrus and metestrus. In contrast, infected rats lost this preference at every stage of the cycle except estrus. Commensurate with the possibility that this was a hormone-dependent effect, infected rats had elevated levels of circulating progesterone, a known anxiolytic. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. Toxoplasma gondii influences aversive behaviors of female rats in an estrus cycle dependent manner

    PubMed Central

    Golcu, Doruk; Gebre, Rahiwa Z.; Sapolsky, Robert M.

    2016-01-01

    The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) manipulates the behavior of its rodent intermediate host to facilitate its passage to its feline definitive host. This is accomplished by a reduction of the aversive response that rodents show towards cat odors, which likely increases the predation risk. Females on average show similar changes as males. However, behaviors that relate to aversion and attraction are usually strongly influenced by the estrus cycle. In this study, we replicated behavioral effects of T. gondii in female rats, as well as expanded it to two novel behavioral paradigms. We also characterized the role of the estrus cycle in the behavioral effects of T. gondii on female rats. Uninfected females preferred to spend more time in proximity to rabbit rather than bobcat urine, and in a dark chamber rather than a lit chamber. Infected females lost both of these preferences, and also spent more time investigating social novelty (foreign bedding in their environment). Taken together, these data suggest that infection makes females less risk averse and more exploratory. Furthermore, this effect was influenced by the estrus cycle. Uninfected rats preferred rabbit urine to bobcat urine throughout the cycle except at estrus and metestrus. In contrast, infected rats lost this preference at every stage of the cycle except estrus. Commensurate with the possibility that this was a hormone-dependent effect, infected rats had elevated levels of circulating progesterone, a known anxiolytic. PMID:24907696

  17. Comparing the solar magnetic field in the corona and in the inner heliosphere during solar cycles 21-23

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Virtanen, I. I.; Mursula, K.

    2009-04-01

    We compare the open solar magnetic field estimated by the PFSS model based on the WSO photospheric field observations, with the inner heliospheric magnetic field. We trace the observed radial HMF into the coronal PFSS boundary at 2.5 solar radii using the observed solar wind velocity, and determine the PFSS model field at the line-of-sight footpoint. Comparing the two field values, we calculate the power n of the apparent decrease of the radial field. According to expectations based on Maxwell's equations, also reproduced by Parker's HMF model, the radial HMF field should decrease with n=2. However, comparison gives considerably lower values of n, indicating the effect of HCS in the PFSS model and the possible superexpansion. The n values vary with solar cycle, being roughly 1.3-1.4 at minima and about 1.7 at maxima. Interestingly, the n values for the two HMF sectors show systematic differences in the late declining to minimum phase, with smaller n values for the HMF sector dominant in the northern hemisphere. This is in agreement with the smaller field value in the northern hemisphere and the southward shifted HCS, summarized by the concept of the bashful ballerina. We also find that the values of n during the recent years, in the late declining phase of solar cycle 23, are significantly larger than during the same phase of the previous cycles. This agrees with the exceptionally large tilt of the solar dipole at the end of cycle 23. We also find that the bashful ballerina appears even during SC 23 but the related hemispheric differences are smaller than during the previous cycles.

  18. Influence of Heat Treatments on Microstructure and Magnetic Domains in Duplex Stainless Steel S31803

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dille, Jean; Pacheco, Clara Johanna; Camerini, Cesar Giron; Malet, Loic Charles; Nysten, Bernard; Pereira, Gabriela Ribeiro; De Almeida, Luiz Henrique; Alcoforado Rebello, João Marcos

    2018-06-01

    The influence of heat treatments on microstructure and magnetic domains in duplex stainless steel S31803 is studied using an innovative structural characterization protocol. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) maps as well as magnetic force microscopy (MFM) images acquired on the same region of the sample, before and after heat treatment, are compared. The influence of heat treatments on the phase volumetric fractions is studied, and several structural modifications after heat treatment are highlighted. Three different mechanisms for the decomposition of ferrite into sigma phase and secondary austenite are observed during annealing at 800 °C. MFM analysis reveals that a variety of magnetic domain patterns can exist in one ferrite grain.

  19. The influence of the hydrologic cycle on the extent of sea ice with climatic implications

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dean, Ken; Gosink, Joan

    1991-01-01

    The role was analyzed of the hydrologic cycle on the distribution of sea ice, and its influence on forcings and fluxes between the marine environment and the atmosphere. River discharge plays a significant role in degrading the sea ice before any melting occurs elsewhere along the coast. The influence is considered of river discharge on the albedo, thermal balance, and distribution of sea ice. Quantitative atmospheric-hydrologic models are being developed to describe these processes in the coastal zone. Input for the models will come from satellite images, hydrologic data, and field observations. The resulting analysis provides a basis for the study of the significance of the hydrologic cycle throughout the Arctic Basin and its influence on the regional climate as a result of possible climatic scenarios. The area offshore from the Mackenzie River delta was selected as the study area.

  20. Influence of cycling history on the ventilatory response to cycle-ergometry in humans: a role for respiratory memory?

    PubMed

    Cathcart, Andrew J; Whipp, Brian J; Turner, Anthony P; Wilson, John; Ward, Susan A

    2010-01-01

    The ventilatory (V' E) mechanisms subserving stability of alveolar and arterial PCO2 (PACO2, PaCO2) during moderate exercise (< lactate threshold, thetaL) remain controversial. As long-term modulation has been argued to be an important contributor to this control process, we proposed that subjects with no experience of cycling (NEx) might provide insight into this issue. With no exercise familiarization, 9 sedentary NEx subjects and 9 age-, sex-, and activity-matched controls (C) who had cycled regularly for recreational purposes since childhood completed a square-wave (6-min stage) cycle-ergometry test: 10 W-WR1-WR2-WR1-10 W; WR1 range 25-45 W, WR2 range 50-90 W. WRs were subsequently confirmed to influences related to long-term exercise history.

  1. The influence of electron discharge and magnetic field on calcium carbonate (CaCO{sub 3}) precipitation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Putro, Triswantoro, E-mail: tris@physics.its.ac.id; Endarko, E-mail: endarko@physics.its.ac.id

    The influences of electron discharge and magnetic field on calcium carbonate (CaCO{sub 3}) precipitation in water have been successfully investigated. The study used three pairs of magnetic field 0.1 T whilst the electron discharge was generated from television flyback transformer type BW00607 and stainless steel SUS 304 as an electrode. The water sample with an initial condition of 230 mg/L placed in the reactor with flow rate 375 mL/minutes, result showed that the electron discharge can be reduced contain of calcium carbonate the water sample around 17.39% within 2 hours. Meanwhile for the same long period of treatment and flow rate, aroundmore » 56.69% from initial condition of 520 mg/L of calcium carbonate in the water sample can be achieved by three pairs of magnetic field 0.1 T. When the combination of three pairs of magnetic field 0.1 T and the electron discharge used for treatment, the result showed that the combination of electron discharge and magnetic field methods can be used to precipitate calcium carbonate in the water sample 300 mg/L around 76.66% for 2 hours of treatment. The study then investigated the influence of the polar position of the magnetic field on calcium carbonate precipitation. Two positions of magnetic field were tested namely the system with alternated polar magnetics and the system without inversion of the polar magnetics. The influence of the polar position showed that the percentage reduction in levels of calcium carbonate in the water sample (360 mg/L) is significant different. Result showed that the system without inversion of the polar magnetics is generally lower than the system with alternated polar magnetics, with reduction level at 30.55 and 57.69%, respectively.« less

  2. Differential Rotation in Solar-like Convective Envelopes: Influence of Overshoot and Magnetism

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Beaudoin, Patrice; Strugarek, Antoine; Charbonneau, Paul

    2018-05-01

    We present a set of four global Eulerian/semi-Lagrangian fluid solver (EULAG) hydrodynamical (HD) and magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations of solar convection, two of which are restricted to the nominal convection zone, and the other two include an underlying stably stratified fluid layer. While all four simulations generate reasonably solar-like latitudinal differential rotation profiles where the equatorial region rotates faster than the polar regions, the rotational isocontours vary significantly among them. In particular, the purely HD simulation with a stable layer alone can break the Taylor–Proudman theorem and produce approximately radially oriented rotational isocontours at medium to high latitudes. We trace this effect to the buildup of a significant latitudinal temperature gradient in the stable fluid immediately beneath the convection zone, which imprints itself on the lower convection zone. It develops naturally in our simulations as a consequence of convective overshoot and rotational influence of rotation on convective energy fluxes. This favors the establishment of a thermal wind balance that allows evading the Taylor–Proudman constraint. A much smaller latitudinal temperature gradient develops in the companion MHD simulation that includes a stable fluid layer, reflecting the tapering of deep convective overshoot that occurs at medium to high latitudes, which is caused by the strong magnetic fields that accumulate across the base of the convection zone. The stable fluid layer also has a profound impact on the large-scale magnetic cycles developing in the two MHD simulations. Even though both simulations operate in the same convective parameter regime, the simulation that includes a stable layer eventually loses cyclicity and transits to a non-solar, steady quadrupolar state.

  3. Influence on cell death of high frequency motion of magnetic nanoparticles during magnetic hyperthermia experiments

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hallali, N.; Clerc, P.; Fourmy, D.; Gigoux, V.; Carrey, J.

    2016-07-01

    Studies with transplanted tumors in animals and clinical trials have provided the proof-of-concept of magnetic hyperthermia (MH) therapy of cancers using iron oxide nanoparticles. Interestingly, in several studies, the application of an alternating magnetic field (AMF) to tumor cells having internalized and accumulated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into their lysosomes can induce cell death without detectable temperature increase. To explain these results, among other hypotheses, it was proposed that cell death could be due to the high-frequency translational motion of MNPs under the influence of the AMF gradient generated involuntarily by most inductors. Such mechanical actions of MNPs might cause cellular damages and participate in the induction of cell death under MH conditions. To test this hypothesis, we developed a setup maximizing this effect. It is composed of an anti-Helmholtz coil and two permanent magnets, which produce an AMF gradient and a superimposed static MF. We have measured the MNP heating power and treated tumor cells by a standard AMF and by an AMF gradient, on which was added or not a static magnetic field. We showed that the presence of a static magnetic field prevents MNP heating and cell death in standard MH conditions. The heating power of MNPs in an AMF gradient is weak, position-dependent, and related to the presence of a non-zero AMF. Under an AMF gradient and a static field, no MNP heating and cell death were measured. Consequently, the hypothesis that translational motions could be involved in cell death during MH experiments is ruled out by our experiments.

  4. SOLAR CYCLE 25: ANOTHER MODERATE CYCLE?

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cameron, R. H.; Schüssler, M.; Jiang, J., E-mail: cameron@mps.mpg.de

    2016-06-01

    Surface flux transport simulations for the descending phase of Cycle 24 using random sources (emerging bipolar magnetic regions) with empirically determined scatter of their properties provide a prediction of the axial dipole moment during the upcoming activity minimum together with a realistic uncertainty range. The expectation value for the dipole moment around 2020 (2.5 ± 1.1 G) is comparable to that observed at the end of Cycle 23 (about 2 G). The empirical correlation between the dipole moment during solar minimum and the strength of the subsequent cycle thus suggests that Cycle 25 will be of moderate amplitude, not muchmore » higher than that of the current cycle. However, the intrinsic uncertainty of such predictions resulting from the random scatter of the source properties is considerable and fundamentally limits the reliability with which such predictions can be made before activity minimum is reached.« less

  5. Removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater using PPy/Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposite influenced by rotating magnetic field from two pole three-phase induction motor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aigbe, U. O.; Ho, W. H.; Maity, A.; Khenfouch, M.; Srinivasu, V.

    2018-03-01

    The influence of varying rotating magnetic field using a 2-pole three-phase induction motor on the removal of hexavalent chromium ions from wastewater using polypyrrole magnetic nanocomposite was explored in this study. Hexavalent chromium removal in this study was observed to be pH dependent under the influence of rotating magnetic field, as the percentage removal of hexavalent chromium decreased with increase in pH. The percentage amount of hexavalent chromium ions removed from the aqueous solution increased as the rotating magnetic field intensity was increased from 8.96-12.15 mT in the anticlockwise direction and 10.10-13.38 mT in the clockwise direction with maximum removals of 73% and 81% observed.

  6. Stellar Magnetic Activity Cycles, and Hunting for Maunder Minimum-like Events among Sun-like Stars

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wright, J. T.

    2016-12-01

    Since 1966, astronomers have been making measurements of the chromospheric activity levels of Sun-like stars. Recently, the decades-long Mount Wilson data became public (spanning 1966-1995) complementing the published measurements from the California & Carnegie Planet Survey (1995-2011) and ongoing measurements ancillary to radial velocity planet searches at Keck Observatory. I will discuss what these long time series reveal about stellar magnetic activity cycles, and the prevalence of stars in states analogous to the Sun's Maunder Minimum.

  7. The Influence of Alternating Low-Cycle Bending Loads on Sheet Properties Having an Hcp Crystal Lattice

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Demler, Eugen; Rodman, Dmytro; Rodman, Mykhailo; Gerstein, Gregory; Grydin, Olexandr; Briukhanov, Arkadiy A.; Klose, Christian; Nürnberger, Florian; Maier, Hans Jürgen

    2018-02-01

    The process of cyclic bending was investigated using thin sheets of the magnesium alloy AZ31 and α-titanium. These materials possess an hcp crystal lattice with different c/a ratios. It turned out that the latter have a substantial influence on the sheet deformation behavior. Even for small deformations (up to 2% strain), a large influence on the yield stress was present for both materials. In addition, cyclic bending contributes to the activation of prismatic slip, which is accompanied by twinning and detwinning. The changes in sheet anisotropy following cyclic bending were determined using texture measurements. Specifically, the AZ31 alloy sheets exhibited a considerable change in anisotropy of the mechanical properties with an increasing number of bending cycles. The anisotropy in the yield stress increases from 15% in the initial condition to 40% after three cycles. For the α-titanium sheet, the change in anisotropy was approx. 26% less. In general, the largest changes in properties occurred already in the first bending cycle and a stabilization took place upon further cycling.

  8. THE INFLUENCE OF MAGNETIC FIELDS ON INHIBITION OF MCF-7 CELL GROWTH BY TAMOXIFEN

    EPA Science Inventory

    THE INFLUENCE OF MAGNETIC FIELDS ON INHIBITION OF MCF-7 CELL GROWTH BY TAMOXIFEN.
    Harland and Liburdy (1) reported that 1.2-uT, 60-Hz magnetic fields could significantly block the inhibitory action of pharmacological levels of tamoxifen (10-7 M) on the growth of MCF-7 human br...

  9. Influence of a magnetic field during directional solidification of MAR-M 246 + Hf superalloy

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Andrews, J. Barry; Alter, Wendy; Schmidt, Dianne

    1991-01-01

    An area that has been almost totally overlooked in the optimization of properties in directionally solidified superalloys is the control of microstructural features through the application of a magnetic field during solidification. The influence of a magnetic field on the microstructural features of a nickel-base superalloys is investigated. Studies were performed on the dendritic MAR-M 246+Hf alloy, which was solidified under both a 5 K gauss magnetic field and under no-applied-field conditions. The possible influences of the magnetic field on the solidification process were observed by studying variations in microstructural features including volume fraction, surface area, number, and shape of the carbide particles. Stereological factors analyzed also included primary and secondary dendrite arm spacing and the volume fraction of the interdendritic eutectic constituent. Microprobe analysis was performed to determine the chemistry of the carbides, dendrites, and interdendritic constituents, and how it varied between field and no-field solidification samples. Experiments involving periodic application and removal of the magnetic field were also performed in order to permit a comparison with structural variations observed in a MAR-M 246+Hf alloy solidified during KC-135 high-g, low-g maneuvers.

  10. The theory of an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Barclay, J. A.

    1983-01-01

    The adiabatic temperature change with field which is limited to about 2 K/Tesla for ferromagnets near their Curie temperatures by the change of magnetization with temperature and the lattice heat capacity is discussed. Practical magnetic refrigerators operate on a regenerative cycle such as the Brayton cycle. This cycle can be executed through the use of an active magnetic regenerator, i.e., a regenerator composed of magnetic material that is cycled in an out of a magnetic field with appropriate fluid flows. The theory of these devices is predicted by solving the partial differential equations that describe fluid and the magnetic solid. The active magnetic regenerator is described along with the method of calculation. Temperature profiles for a normal regenerator and a magnetic regenerative refrigerator are shown.

  11. Solving the influence maximization problem reveals regulatory organization of the yeast cell cycle.

    PubMed

    Gibbs, David L; Shmulevich, Ilya

    2017-06-01

    The Influence Maximization Problem (IMP) aims to discover the set of nodes with the greatest influence on network dynamics. The problem has previously been applied in epidemiology and social network analysis. Here, we demonstrate the application to cell cycle regulatory network analysis for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fundamentally, gene regulation is linked to the flow of information. Therefore, our implementation of the IMP was framed as an information theoretic problem using network diffusion. Utilizing more than 26,000 regulatory edges from YeastMine, gene expression dynamics were encoded as edge weights using time lagged transfer entropy, a method for quantifying information transfer between variables. By picking a set of source nodes, a diffusion process covers a portion of the network. The size of the network cover relates to the influence of the source nodes. The set of nodes that maximizes influence is the solution to the IMP. By solving the IMP over different numbers of source nodes, an influence ranking on genes was produced. The influence ranking was compared to other metrics of network centrality. Although the top genes from each centrality ranking contained well-known cell cycle regulators, there was little agreement and no clear winner. However, it was found that influential genes tend to directly regulate or sit upstream of genes ranked by other centrality measures. The influential nodes act as critical sources of information flow, potentially having a large impact on the state of the network. Biological events that affect influential nodes and thereby affect information flow could have a strong effect on network dynamics, potentially leading to disease. Code and data can be found at: https://github.com/gibbsdavidl/miergolf.

  12. Influence of sex, estrous cycle and estrogen on intracranial dural mast cells

    PubMed Central

    Boes, Tanner; Levy, Dan

    2014-01-01

    Background The frequency of migraine headaches is higher in women than in men and in susceptible women attacks are related to changes in ovarian hormone levels. Intracranial mast cells (MCs) are likely to play a role in migraine headache genesis, and changes in the dural MC population might influence headache susceptibility. The present study thus tested the hypothesis that sex and ovarian hormones influence the density and phenotypic makeup of dural MCs. Methods Histochemistry combined with quantitative analyses was employed to investigate sex differences, estrous cycle and ovarian hormone influences on dural MCs density, phenotype and degranulation level in males and females rats. Results Our data show that in female rats, dural MC density fluctuates during the estrous cycle and is overall higher than in males. In ovariectomized rats, estradiol, but not progesterone, promoted an increase in dural MCs density. This effect was abolished by a splenectomy, suggesting estrogen-related recruitment of MCs from the spleen. Finally, our data suggest that the phenotypic make up of dural MCs, which represents the level of cellular maturity, is also governed by changes in estrogen levels. Conclusions Given the potential role of dural MCs in triggering headache, our data suggest that estrogen-related modulation of dural MC density and phenotypic makeup could play a role in mediating the higher frequency and severity of headaches, such as migraine, in women. PMID:22833613

  13. Statistical analysis of the location of the Martian magnetic pileup boundary and bow shock and the influence of crustal magnetic fields

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Edberg, N. J. T.; Lester, M.; Cowley, S. W. H.; Eriksson, A. I.

    2008-08-01

    We use the data set from the magnetometer and electron reflectometer instruments on board the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft to show that the crustal magnetic fields of Mars affect the location of the magnetic pileup boundary (MPB) and bow shock (BS) globally. We search for crossings of the MPB and BS in the data that were observed over the first 16 months of the mission. To identify the influence of the crustal magnetic fields, all crossings are extrapolated to the terminator plane in order to remove the solar zenith angle (SZA) dependence, and to make it possible to compare crossings independently of location. The MPB crossings that were observed over regions on Mars, which contain strong crustal magnetic fields, are on average located further out than crossings observed over regions with weak crustal fields. This is shown in three separate longitude intervals. We also find that the dayside BS crossings observed over the southern hemisphere of Mars are on average located further out than the BS crossings observed over the northern hemisphere, possibly because of the influence of the crustal fields. We also study the magnetic field strength and its variation at the inside of the MPB and their dependence on the SZA and altitude. We find that the magnitude of the magnetic field in the MPB is closely linked to the altitude of the MPB, with the magnitude increasing as the MPB is observed closer to the planet.

  14. Histological evaluation of the influence of magnetic field application in autogenous bone grafts in rats.

    PubMed

    Puricelli, Edela; Dutra, Nardier B; Ponzoni, Deise

    2009-01-11

    Bone grafts are widely used in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction. The influence of electromagnetic fields and magnets on the endogenous stimulation of target tissues has been investigated. This work aimed to assess the quality of bone healing in surgical cavities filled with autogenous bone grafts, under the influence of a permanent magnetic field produced by in vivo buried devices. Metal devices consisting of commercially pure martensitic stainless steel washers and titanium screws were employed. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 3 experimental and 3 control groups. A surgical bone cavity was produced on the right femur, and a bone graft was collected and placed in each hole. Two metallic washers, magnetized in the experimental group but not in the control group, were attached on the borders of the cavity. The animals were sacrificed on postoperative days 15, 45 and 60. The histological analysis of control and experimental samples showed adequate integration of the bone grafts, with intense bone neoformation. On days 45 and 60, a continued influence of the magnetic field on the surgical cavity and on the bone graft was observed in samples from the experimental group. The results showed intense bone neoformation in the experimental group as compared to control animals. The intense extra-cortical bone neoformation observed suggests that the osteoconductor condition of the graft may be more susceptible to stimulation, when submitted to a magnetic field.

  15. Large-scale properties of the interplanetary magnetic field

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schatten, K. H.

    1972-01-01

    Early theoretical work of Parker is presented along with the observational evidence supporting his Archimedes spiral model. Variations present in the interplanetary magnetic field from the spiral angle are related to structures in the solar wind. The causes of these structures are found to be either nonuniform radial solar wind flow or the time evolution of the photospheric field. Coronal magnetic models are related to the connection between the solar magnetic field and the interplanetary magnetic field. Direct extension of the solar field-magnetic nozzle controversy is discussed along with the coronal magnetic models. Effects of active regions on the interplanetary magnetic field is discussed with particular reference to the evolution of interplanetary sectors. Interplanetary magnetic field magnitude variations are shown throughout the solar cycle. The percentage of time the field magnitude is greater than 10 gamma is shown to closely parallel sunspot number. The sun's polar field influence on the interplanetary field and alternative views of the magnetic field structure out of the ecliptic plane are presented. In addition, a variety of significantly different interplanetary field structures are discussed.

  16. Eigenanalysis and Graph Theory Combined to Determine the Seasonal and Solar-Cycle Variations of Polar Magnetic Fields

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shore, R. M.; Freeman, M. P.; Gjerloev, J. W.

    2017-12-01

    We apply the meteorological analysis method of Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) to ground magnetometer measurements, and subsequently use graph theory to classify the results. The EOF method is used to characterise and separate contributions to the variability of the Earth's external magnetic field (EMF) in the northern polar region. EOFs decompose the noisy EMF data into a small number of independent spatio-temporal basis functions, which collectively describe the majority of the magnetic field variance. We use these basis functions (computed monthly) to infill where data are missing, providing a self-consistent description of the EMF at 5-minute resolution spanning 1997-2009 (solar cycle 23). The EOF basis functions are calculated independently for each of the 144 months (i.e. 1997-2009) analysed. Since (by definition) the basis vectors are ranked by their contribution to the total variance, their rank will change from month to month. We use graph theory to find clusters of quantifiably-similar spatial basis functions, and thereby track similar patterns throughout the span of 144 months. We find that the discovered clusters can be associated with well-known individual Disturbance Polar (DP)-type equivalent current systems (e.g. DP2, DP1, DPY, NBZ), or with the motion of these systems. Via this method, we thus describe the varying behaviour of these current systems over solar cycle 23. We present their seasonal and solar cycle variations and examine the response of each current system to solar wind driving.

  17. Influence of creep damage on the low cycle thermal-mechanical fatigue behavior of two tantalum base alloys

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sheffler, K. D.; Doble, G. S.

    1972-01-01

    Low cycle fatigue tests have been performed on the tantalum base alloys T-111 and ASTAR 811C with synchronized, independently programmed temperature and strain cycling. The thermal-mechanical cycles applied fell into three basic categories: these were isothermal cycling, in-phase thermal cycling, and out-of-phase thermal cycling. In-phase cycling was defined as tensile deformation associated with high temperature and compressive deformation with low temperature, while out-of-phase thermal cycling was defined as the reverse case. The in-phase thermal cycling had a pronounced detrimental influence on the fatigue life of both alloys, with the life reduction being greater in the solid solution strengthened T-111 alloy than in the carbide strengthened ASTAR 811C alloy. The out-of-phase tests also showed pronounced effects on the fatigue life of both alloys, although not as dramatic.

  18. The influence of a magnetic field on the microhardness of K, Rb, Cs, NH{sub 4}, and Tl acid phthalate crystals

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Koldaeva, M. V., E-mail: mkoldaeva@ns.crys.ras.ru; Turskaya, T. N.; Zakalyukin, R. M.

    2009-11-15

    The influence of a magnetic field on the microhardness of potassium acid phthalate has been studied for different magnetic inductions, exposure times, sample orientations in a magnetic field, and impurity compositions of the crystals. It was shown that the magnetic field effect is multiply repeated on the (010) face after relaxation. The influence of magnetic treatment on ammonium, rubidium, thallium, and cesium acid phthalate crystals is analyzed. The reasons for the observed changes in the crystal microhardness in the magnetic field are discussed.

  19. Magnetic attachment for implant overdentures: influence of contact relationship with the denture base on stability and bending strain.

    PubMed

    Yang, Tsung-Chieh; Maeda, Yoshinobu; Gonda, Tomoya; Wada, Masahiro

    2013-01-01

    This study evaluated how the contact height between the magnetic attachment and denture base influences stability and bending strain. An implant modified with strain gauges and a magnetic attachment mounted in an acrylic resin block were used to characterize systems with varying degrees or heights of contact with the abutment. Bending strain under lateral loading increased significantly as the contact height decreased. In the no contact and resilient contact groups, magnetic assemblies separated at reduced bending strain in all loading conditions. The contact height of the magnetic attachment influenced the stability and the amount of bending strain on the implant.

  20. Cryogenics - Its influence on the selection of the ASTROMAG superconducting magnet coils

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Green, M. A.

    1990-01-01

    ASTROMAG, a particle astrophysics experimental facility proposed for running alongside a Space Station, has a large superconducting magnet to analyze particles coming from deep space. Several types of magnets were investigated for use in the ASTROMAG central facility. The factors which influence the selection of the magnet coil design include: (1) the upper limit of particle momentum resolved (proportional to the integrated field) as a function of solid angle; (2)cryogenic design and its effect on cryogen lifetime for a given central facility mass; and (3) the overall cost of the magnet coils and cryostat. Four magnet types are analyzed in this paper. These include a simple two-coil solenoid (the baseline design),two disk coils at the ends of the helium tank, a two-coil toroid and a thin solenoid plus bucking coil. A balance must be struck between cryostat lifetime, total mass and the integrated field through the detectors. This balance tends to favor coils which are in the same vacuum vessel as the cryogen.

  1. Influence of structure of iron nanoparticles in aggregates on their magnetic properties

    PubMed Central

    2011-01-01

    Zero-valent iron nanoparticles rapidly aggregate. One of the reasons is magnetic forces among the nanoparticles. Magnetic field around particles is caused by composition of the particles. Their core is formed from zero-valent iron, and shell is a layer of magnetite. The magnetic forces contribute to attractive forces among the nanoparticles and that leads to increasing of aggregation of the nanoparticles. This effect is undesirable for decreasing of remediation properties of iron particles and limited transport possibilities. The aggregation of iron nanoparticles was established for consequent processes: Brownian motion, sedimentation, velocity gradient of fluid around particles and electrostatic forces. In our previous work, an introduction of influence of magnetic forces among particles on the aggregation was presented. These forces have significant impact on the rate of aggregation. In this article, a numerical computation of magnetic forces between an aggregate and a nanoparticle and between two aggregates is shown. It is done for random position of nanoparticles in an aggregate and random or arranged directions of magnetic polarizations and for structured aggregates with arranged vectors of polarizations. Statistical computation by Monte Carlo is done, and range of dominant area of magnetic forces around particles is assessed. PMID:21917152

  2. Influence of Age, Reproductive Cycling Status, and Menstruation on the Vaginal Microbiome in Baboons (Papio anubis)

    PubMed Central

    UCHIHASHI, M.; BERGIN, I. L.; BASSIS, C. M.; HASHWAY, S. A.; CHAI, D.; BELL, J. D.

    2015-01-01

    The vaginal microbiome is believed to influence host health by providing protection from pathogens and influencing reproductive outcomes such as fertility and gestational length. In humans, age-associated declines in diversity of the vaginal microbiome occur in puberty and persist into adulthood. Additionally, menstruation has been associated with decreased microbial community stability. Adult female baboons, like other non-human primates (NHPs), have a different and highly diverse vaginal microbiome compared to that of humans, which is most commonly dominated by Lactobacillus spp. We evaluated the influence of age, reproductive cycling status (cycling vs. non-cycling) and menstruation on the vaginal microbiome of 38 wild-caught, captive female olive baboons (Papio anubis) by culture-independent sequencing of the V3–V5 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. All baboons had highly diverse vaginal microbial communities. Adult baboons had significantly lower microbial diversity in comparison to subadult baboons, which was attributable to decreased relative abundance of minor taxa. No significant differences were detected based on cycling state or menstruation. Predictive metagenomic analysis showed uniformity in relative abundance of metabolic pathways regardless of age, cycle stage, or menstruation, indicating conservation of microbial community functions. This study suggests that selection of an optimal vaginal microbial community occurs at puberty. Since decreased diversity occurs in both baboons and humans at puberty, this may reflect a general strategy for selection of adult vaginal microbial communities. Comparative evaluation of vaginal microbial community development and composition may elucidate mechanisms of community formation and function that are conserved across host species or across microbial community types. These findings have implications for host health, evolutionary biology, and microbe-host ecosystems. PMID:25676781

  3. Influence of age, reproductive cycling status, and menstruation on the vaginal microbiome in baboons (Papio anubis).

    PubMed

    Uchihashi, M; Bergin, I L; Bassis, C M; Hashway, S A; Chai, D; Bell, J D

    2015-05-01

    The vaginal microbiome is believed to influence host health by providing protection from pathogens and influencing reproductive outcomes such as fertility and gestational length. In humans, age-associated declines in diversity of the vaginal microbiome occur in puberty and persist into adulthood. Additionally, menstruation has been associated with decreased microbial community stability. Adult female baboons, like other non-human primates (NHPs), have a different and highly diverse vaginal microbiome compared to that of humans, which is most commonly dominated by Lactobacillus spp. We evaluated the influence of age, reproductive cycling status (cycling vs. non-cycling) and menstruation on the vaginal microbiome of 38 wild-caught, captive female olive baboons (Papio anubis) by culture-independent sequencing of the V3-V5 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. All baboons had highly diverse vaginal microbial communities. Adult baboons had significantly lower microbial diversity in comparison to subadult baboons, which was attributable to decreased relative abundance of minor taxa. No significant differences were detected based on cycling state or menstruation. Predictive metagenomic analysis showed uniformity in relative abundance of metabolic pathways regardless of age, cycle stage, or menstruation, indicating conservation of microbial community functions. This study suggests that selection of an optimal vaginal microbial community occurs at puberty. Since decreased diversity occurs in both baboons and humans at puberty, this may reflect a general strategy for selection of adult vaginal microbial communities. Comparative evaluation of vaginal microbial community development and composition may elucidate mechanisms of community formation and function that are conserved across host species or across microbial community types. These findings have implications for host health, evolutionary biology, and microbe-host ecosystems. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  4. Influence of axial self-magnetic field component on arcing behavior of spiral-shaped contacts

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Feng, Dingyu; Xiu, Shixin, E-mail: xsx@mail.xjtu.edu.cn; Wang, Yi

    2015-10-15

    The transverse magnetic field (TMF) contact design is commonly used in vacuum interrupters. When arcing occurs between the TMF contacts, the contact structure can create a self-induced magnetic field that drives the arc to move and rotate on the contact, and thus local overheating and severe erosion can be avoided. However, TMF contacts could also create an axial self-magnetic component, and the influence of this component on the arc behavior has not been considered to date. In this paper, five different types of Cu-Cr spiral-shaped TMF contacts with three different structures are investigated in a demountable vacuum chamber that containsmore » a high-speed charge-coupled device video camera. It was found that the contact structure greatly influenced the arc behavior, especially in terms of arc rotation and the effective contact area, while contacts with the same slot structure but different diameters showed similar arc behavior and arc motion. The magnetic field distribution and the Lorentz force of each of the three different contact structures are simulated, and the axial self-magnetic field was first taken into consideration for investigation of the TMF contact design. It was found that contact designs that have higher axial self-magnetic field components tend to have arc columns with larger diameters and show poorer arc motion and rotation performance in the experiments.« less

  5. Magnetic field cycling effect on the non-linear current-voltage characteristics and magnetic field induced negative differential resistance in α-Fe1.64Ga0.36O3 oxide

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bhowmik, R. N.; Vijayasri, G.

    2015-06-01

    We have studied current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of α-Fe1.64Ga0.36O3, a typical canted ferromagnetic semiconductor. The sample showed a transformation of the I-V curves from linear to non-linear character with the increase of bias voltage. The I-V curves showed irreversible features with hysteresis loop and bi-stable electronic states for up and down modes of voltage sweep. We report positive magnetoresistance and magnetic field induced negative differential resistance as the first time observed phenomena in metal doped hematite system. The magnitudes of critical voltage at which I-V curve showed peak and corresponding peak current are affected by magnetic field cycling. The shift of the peak voltage with magnetic field showed a step-wise jump between two discrete voltage levels with least gap (ΔVP) 0.345(± 0.001) V. The magnetic spin dependent electronic charge transport in this new class of magnetic semiconductor opens a wide scope for tuning large electroresistance (˜500-700%), magnetoresistance (70-135 %) and charge-spin dependent conductivity under suitable control of electric and magnetic fields. The electric and magnetic field controlled charge-spin transport is interesting for applications of the magnetic materials in spintronics, e.g., magnetic sensor, memory devices and digital switching.

  6. Reproducing the Photospheric Magnetic Field Evolution during the Rise of Cycle 24 with Flux Transport by Supergranules

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hathaway, David; Upton, Lisa

    2012-01-01

    We simulate the transport of magnetic flux in the Sun s photosphere by an evolving pattern of cellular horizontal flows (supergranules). Characteristics of the simulated flow pattern can match observed characteristics including the velocity power spectrum, cell lifetimes, and cell motions in longitude and latitude. Simulations using an average, and north-south symmetric, meridional motion of the cellular pattern produce polar magnetic fields that are too weak in the North and too strong in the South. Simulations using cellular patterns with meridional motions that evolve with the observed changes in strength and north-south asymmetry will be analyzed to see if they reproduce the polar field evolution observed during the rise of Cycle 24.

  7. Reproducing the Photospheric Magnetic Field Evolution During the Rise of Cycle 24 with Flux Transport by Supergranules

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hathaway, David H.; Upton, Lisa

    2012-01-01

    We simulate the transport of magnetic flux in the Sun s photosphere by an evolving pattern of cellular horizontal flows (supergranules). Characteristics of the simulated flow pattern match observed characteristics including the velocity power spectrum, cell lifetimes, and cell pattern motion in longitude and latitude. Simulations using an average, and north-south symmetric, meridional motion of the cellular pattern produce polar magnetic fields that are too weak in the North and too strong in the South. Simulations using cellular patterns with meridional motions that evolve with the observed changes in strength and north-south asymmetry will be analyzed to see if they reproduce the polar field evolution observed during the rise of Cycle 24.

  8. Lunar Cycle Influences Spontaneous Delivery in Cows

    PubMed Central

    Yonezawa, Tomohiro; Uchida, Mona; Tomioka, Michiko; Matsuki, Naoaki

    2016-01-01

    There is a popular belief that the lunar cycle influences spontaneous delivery in both humans and cattle. To assess this relationship, we investigated the synodic distribution of spontaneous deliveries in domestic Holstein cows. We used retrospective data from 428 spontaneous, full-term deliveries within a three-year period derived from the calving records of a private farm in Hokkaido, Japan. Spontaneous birth frequency increased uniformly from the new moon to the full moon phase and decreased until the waning crescent phase. There was a statistically significant peak between the waxing gibbous and full moon phases compared with those between the last quarter and the waning crescent. These changes were clearly observed in deliveries among multiparous cows, whereas they were not evident in deliveries among nulliparous cows. These data suggest the utility of dairy cows as models for bio-meteorological studies, and indicate that monitoring lunar phases may facilitate comprehensive understanding of parturition. PMID:27580019

  9. Histological evaluation of the influence of magnetic field application in autogenous bone grafts in rats

    PubMed Central

    Puricelli, Edela; Dutra, Nardier B; Ponzoni, Deise

    2009-01-01

    Background Bone grafts are widely used in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction. The influence of electromagnetic fields and magnets on the endogenous stimulation of target tissues has been investigated. This work aimed to assess the quality of bone healing in surgical cavities filled with autogenous bone grafts, under the influence of a permanent magnetic field produced by in vivo buried devices. Methods Metal devices consisting of commercially pure martensitic stainless steel washers and titanium screws were employed. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 3 experimental and 3 control groups. A surgical bone cavity was produced on the right femur, and a bone graft was collected and placed in each hole. Two metallic washers, magnetized in the experimental group but not in the control group, were attached on the borders of the cavity. Results The animals were sacrificed on postoperative days 15, 45 and 60. The histological analysis of control and experimental samples showed adequate integration of the bone grafts, with intense bone neoformation. On days 45 and 60, a continued influence of the magnetic field on the surgical cavity and on the bone graft was observed in samples from the experimental group. Conclusion The results showed intense bone neoformation in the experimental group as compared to control animals. The intense extra-cortical bone neoformation observed suggests that the osteoconductor condition of the graft may be more susceptible to stimulation, when submitted to a magnetic field. PMID:19134221

  10. Influence of redox fluctuations and rainfall on pedogenic iron alteration and soil magnetic properties (Invited)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Thompson, A.; Rancourt, D.; Chadwick, O.; Chorover, J. D.

    2009-12-01

    Soil iron mineral composition emerges from a dynamic interplay between processes causing selective mineral addition/removal (both physically and chemically-driven) and processes affecting in situ mineral transformation. Discerning the influence of these pedogenic processes in a temporally integrated manner is fundamentally relevant to many biogeochemical questions. Among them is to what extent the Fe-mineral system can be used to constrain paleo-interpretations of oceanic sediments and geological deposits. Here we describe results from field and laboratory experiments designed to explore the effects of variable redox conditions on soil iron mineral transformation. Our experimental systems include: (1) a climate gradient of basaltic soils from the island of Maui, HI (MCG) with a documented decrease in Eh. and (2) laboratory incubations where we subjected soil slurries to a series of bacterially-driven reduction-oxidation cycles. Our prior work in these systems examining the iron isotopic and mineral composition will be combined with in-progress analysis of magnetic susceptibility. Current results indicate that across the field gradient (MCG) we find average increases of 0.56‰±0.09‰ δ56Fe for the surface and subsurface soils that correlate very well (R2=0.88) with 57Fe Mössbauer-determined Fe-oxyhydroxide fraction. Such a correlation is difficult to explain on the basis of strict parameter co-variation with rainfall, and suggests isotopic and mineral composition may be coupled through in situ mineral transformation processes in these soils. In our soil slurry incubation experiments we reported previously that repeated redox oscillations generate a cumulative increase in Fe mineral crystallinity. Integration of these results with magnetic susceptibility measurements will provide the context for discussing how dynamic redox processes alter soil magnetic properties most often drawn on for paleoclimate interpretations.

  11. Influence of lunar cycles on growth of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera [L.] Dunal).

    PubMed

    Tavhare, Swagata D; Nishteswar, K; Shukla, Vinay J

    2015-01-01

    Ayurvedic classics have advocated to collect the medicinal plants according to part used and seasons in order to get desired pharmacological action and therapeutic benefits. The logic behind this principle is being validated by recent researches. To analyze the influence of lunar cycles on growth of Ashwagandha in Shishira and Greeshma Ritu (winter and summer season). Fourteen small crops of Ashwagandha of average size 10 cm were collected on October 7, 2013, from institute campus and then replantation was done at Charaka Herbal Garden, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar in an area of 60 cm × 60 cm (l × b). No fertilizers or pesticides were used. The plants were watered daily and plants were uprooted as per lunar cycles for analysis. Eight samples were collected and observed during Shishira and Greeshma season on Pournima (full moon) and Amavasya (new moon) days. The measurements were taken thrice and average values were taken into consideration for study purpose. The variations in morphological characteristics such as length, breadth, weight, and number of roots and twigs were studied through statistical procedure of principle component analysis, which makes interpretation of all possible related variables. Root weight (RW), pith diameter (PD) and internodal distance (ID) were found to be increased on full moon days as compared to new moon days. The maximum RW was observed during Greeshma Aashadha Pournima. The study has shown a definite influence of lunar cycles on the growth of the plant parts assessed by RW, PD, and ID that have found to be increased on full moon days as compared to new moon days.

  12. The influence of assist gas on magnetic properties of electrotechnical steel sheets cut with laser

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gaworska-Koniarek, Dominika; Szubzda, Bronisław; Wilczyński, Wiesław; Drosik, Jerzy; Karaś, Kazimierz

    2011-07-01

    The paper presents the influence of assist gas (air and nitrogen) during laser cutting on magnetization, magnetic permeability and loss characteristics of non-oriented electrical steels. The research was made on an non-oriented M330-50A grade electrical steels by means of single sheet tester. In order to enhance the effect of cutting and the same degradation zone on magnetic properties, strips with different width were achieved. Measurements results indicate that application of air as assist gas has more destructive effect on magnetic properties of electrical steels than nitrogen one.

  13. Influence of a Polymer Coating and the Compacting Pressure on the Magnetic Properties of Cobalt-Based Amorphous Alloys

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Skulkina, N. A.; Ivanov, O. A.; Mazeeva, A. K.; Kuznetsov, P. A.; Stepanova, E. A.; Blinova, O. V.; Mikhalitsyna, E. A.; Denisov, N. D.; Chekis, V. I.

    2017-12-01

    The influence of a polymer coating applied in the manufacture of magnetic shields on magnetic properties has been studied based on the example of ribbons of a cobalt-based soft magnetic alloy (Co-Fe-Ni-Cr-Mn-Si-B) with the saturation magnetostriction close to zero. The influence of polymer coating has been separated from the effect of the compacting pressure applied upon its formation. The polymer coating was formed on the ribbon in the states with different signs of the saturation magnetostriction. It has been shown that the compacting pressure and the polymer coating have opposite effects on the properties of the ribbon and that these impacts partly level off upon the formation of the coating. The degree of the influence of the polymer coating on the magnetic properties depends on the state of the ribbon and on the sign of the saturation magnetostriction in this state.

  14. Influence of science and technology magnet middle schools on students' motivation and achievement in science

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Allen, David

    Some informal discussions among educators regarding motivation of students and academic performance have included the topic of magnet schools. The premise is that a focused theme, such as an aspect of science, positively affects student motivation and academic achievement. However, there is limited research involving magnet schools and their influence on student motivation and academic performance. This study provides empirical data for the discussion about magnet schools influence on motivation and academic ability. This study utilized path analysis in a structural equation modeling framework to simultaneously investigate the relationships between demographic exogenous independent variables, the independent variable of attending a science or technology magnet middle school, and the dependent variables of motivation to learn science and academic achievement in science. Due to the categorical nature of the variables, Bayesian statistical analysis was used to calculate the path coefficients and the standardized effects for each relationship in the model. The coefficients of determination were calculated to determine the amount of variance each path explained. Only five of 21 paths had statistical significance. Only one of the five statistically significant paths (Attended Magnet School to Motivation to Learn Science) explained a noteworthy amount (45.8%) of the variance.

  15. Polarity Comparison Between the Coronal PFSS Model Field and the Heliospheric Magnetic Field at 1 AU Over Solar Cycles 21-24

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Koskela, J. S.; Virtanen, I. I.; Mursula, K.

    2015-12-01

    The solar coronal magnetic field forms an important link between the underlying source in the solar photosphere and the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF). The coronal field has traditionally been calculated from the photospheric observations using various magnetic field models between the photosphere and the corona, in particular the potential field source surface (PFSS) model. Despite its simplicity, the predictions of the PFSS model generally agree quite well with the heliospheric observations and match very well with the predictions of more elaborate models. We make here a detailed comparison between the predictions of the PFSS model with the HMF field observed at 1 AU. We use the photospheric field measured at the Wilcox Solar Observatory, SDO/HMI, SOHO/MDI and SOLIS, and the heliospheric magnetic field measurements at 1 AU collected within the OMNI 2 dataset. This database covers the solar cycles 21-24. We use different source surface distances and different numbers of harmonic components for the PFSS model. We find an optimum polarity match between the coronal field and the HMF for source surface distance of 3.5 Rs. Increasing the number of harmonic components beyond the quadrupole does not essentially improve polarity agreement, indicating that the large scale structure of the HMF at 1 AU is responsible for the agreement while the small scale structure is greatly modified between corona and 1 AU. We also discuss the solar cycle evolution of polarity match and find that the PFSS model prediction is most reliable during the declining phase of the solar cycle. We also find large differences in match percentage between northern and southern hemispheres during the times of systematic southward shift of the heliospheric current sheet (the Bashful ballerina).

  16. The influence of cycling temperature and cycling rate on the phase specific degradation of a positive electrode in lithium ion batteries: A post mortem analysis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Darma, Mariyam Susana Dewi; Lang, Michael; Kleiner, Karin; Mereacre, Liuda; Liebau, Verena; Fauth, Francois; Bergfeldt, Thomas; Ehrenberg, Helmut

    2016-09-01

    The influence of cycling temperatures and cycling rates on the cycling stability of the positive electrode (cathode) of commercial batteries are investigated. The cathode is a mixture of LiMn2O4 (LMO), LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM) and LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA). It is found that increasing the cycling temperature from 25 °C to 40 °C is detrimental to the long term cycling stability of the cathode. Contrastingly, the improved cycling stability is observed for the cathodes cycled at higher charge/discharge rate (2C/3C instead of 1C/2C). The microstructure analysis by X-ray powder diffraction reveals that a significant capacity fading and an increased overvoltage is observed for NCM and NCA in all the fatigued cathodes. After high number of cycling (above 1500 cycles), NCM becomes partially inactive. In contrast to NCM and NCA, LMO shows a good cycling stability at 25 °C. A pronounced degradation of LMO is only observed for the fatigued cathodes cycled at 40 °C. The huge capacity losses of NCM and NCA are most likely because the blended cathodes were cycled up to 4.12 V vs. the graphite anode during the cycle-life test (corresponds to 4.16 V vs. Li+/Li); which is beyond the stability limit of the layered oxides below 4.05 V vs. Li+/Li.

  17. Influence of number of dental autoclave treatment cycles on rotational performance of commercially available air-turbine handpieces.

    PubMed

    Nagai, Masahiro; Takakuda, Kazuo

    2006-06-01

    The influence of number of autoclave treatment cycles (N) on rotational speed and total indicated run-out of commercially available air-turbine handpieces from five manufacturers was investigated at N=0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 cycles, and the significance in the test results was assessed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test. Some air-turbine handpieces showed the significant differences in rotational speed at N=300 cycles, however, the decreases of the rotational speeds were only 1 to 3.5 percent. Some air-turbine handpieces showed the significant differences in total indicated run-out, however, the respective values were smaller than that at N=0 cycle. Accordingly, it can be considered that the ball bearing in the air-turbine handpieces is not affected significantly by autoclave. To further evaluate rotational performance, this study focused on the rotational vibration of the ball bearing components of the air-turbine, as measured by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis; the power spectra of frequency of the ball's revolution, frequency of the cage's rotation and frequency of the ball's rotation were comparatively investigated at N=0, 150 and 300 cycles, and the influence of autoclave was evaluated qualitatively. No abnormalities in the ball bearings were recognized.

  18. Rock Magnetic Cyclostratigraphy of the Mid-Cretaceous Greenhorn Limestone, South-Central Colorado---Influence of Orbitally Induced Climate Variability for Chornostratigraphy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sellers, T.; Geissman, J. W.; Jackson, J.

    2015-12-01

    We are testing the hypothesis that depositional processes of the mid-Cretaceous Greenhorn Limestone were influenced by orbitally-driven climate variations using rock magnetic data. Correlation of the data, including anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM), magnetic susceptibility, isothermal remanent magnetization in different DC fields to saturation, and hysteresis properties, from three continuously exposed sections of the full Greenhorn Limestone provides detailed spatial distribution for the depositional processes and magnetic mineral climate encoding. The Greenhorn Limestone includes the Lincoln Limestone, Hartland Shale, and the Bridge Creek Limestone members and consists of calcareous shales and limestones representing near maximum depths in the Cretaceous interior seaway. The sections, each about 30 m thick, extend from the upper Graneros Shale, through the Greenhorn Formation, to the lower Carlisle Shale, with samples collected at a two to five cm interval and are located at Badito, CO; north of Redwing, CO; and at the Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) at Lake Pueblo, CO. Our over 1000 samples were hand crushed to granule size pieces and packed into 7cc IODP boxes. Bulk magnetic susceptibility, anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) intensity at different peak AF levels, and isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) intensity record variations in magnetic mineral concentration and are proxies to determine orbital scale cycles and precise stratigraphic correlation between sections. ARM intensities in a peak field of 100 mT at both sites range between 1.2 x 10-3 and 1.3 x 10-4 A/m and better define periodic variation within the Greenhorn Limestone displaying differences in ferromagnetic mineral content of detrital origin. Magnetic susceptibility, which ranges from 3.5 x 10-2 to 2.86 x 10-3, also shows periodic variation with a strong correlation among the three sections. Saturation IRM at 100 mT ranges from 3.2 x 10-1 to 1.1x 10-2 A

  19. AFT: Extending Solar Cycle Prediction with Data Assimilation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Upton, L.; Hathaway, D. H.

    2017-12-01

    The Advective Flux Transport (AFT) model is an innovative surface flux transport model that simulates the evolution of the radial magnetic field on the surface of the Sun. AFT was designed to be as realistic as possible by 1: incorporating the observed surface flows (meridional flow, differential rotation, and an explicit evolving convective pattern) and by 2: using data assimilation to incorporate the observed magnetic fields directly from line-of-sight (LOS) magnetograms. AFT has proven to be successful in simulating the evolution of the surface magnetic fields on both short time scales (days-weeks) as well as for long time scales (years). In particular, AFT has been shown to accurately predict the evolution of the Sun's dipolar magnetic field 3-5 years in advance. Since the Sun's polar magnetic field strength at solar cycle minimum is the best indicator of the amplitude of the next cycle, this has in turn extended our ability to make solar cycle predictions to 3-5 years before solar minimum occurs. Here, we will discuss some of the challenges of implementing data assimilation into AFT. We will also discuss the role of data assimilation in advancing solar cycle predictive capability.

  20. Interplanetary magnetic field over two solar cycles and out to 20 AU

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Smith, J. E.

    1989-01-01

    Interplanetary field measurements are now available from Pioneer and Voyager at large distances and from various spacecraft in the inner solar system. These multiple observations at different locations have proven indispensable in separating temporal from spatial dependences. The data set has revealed a number of characteristic solar cycle variations including changes in field strength and the inclination of the heliospheric current sheet responsible for magnetic sectors. Spatial gradients in the field parameters out to 20 AU have been compared with the Parker Model including the spiral angle, the north-south field component and the magnitude. As a result of planetary encounters, Pioneer and the Voyagers are traveling outward at significantly different latitudes making it possible to investigate latitudinal, as well as radial, dependences. Effects associated with the pick-up of interstellar ions are being sought.

  1. Influence of Weak External Magnetic Field on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Fe-based Alloys

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Degmová, J.; Sitek, J.

    2010-07-01

    Nanoperm, Hitperm and Finamet amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys were measured by Mössbauer spectrometry in a weak external magnetic field of 0.5 T. It was shown that the most sensitive parameters of Mössbauer spectra are the intensities of the 2nd and the 5th lines. Rather small changes were observed also in the case of internal magnetic field values. The spectrum of nanocrystalline Nanoperm showed the increase in A23 parameter (ratio of line intensities) from 2.4 to 3.7 and decrease of internal magnetic field from 20 to 19 T for amorphous subspectrum under the influence of magnetic field. Spectrum of nanocrystalline Finemet shown decrease in A23 parameter from 3.5 to 2.6 almost without a change in the internal magnetic field value. In the case of amorphous Nanoperm and Finemet samples, the changes are almost negligible. Hitperm alloy showed the highest sensitivity to the weak magnetic field, when the A23 parameter increased from 0.4 to 2.5 in the external magnetic fields. The A23 parameter of crystalline subspectrum increased from 2.7 to 3.8 and the value of internal magnetic field corresponding to amorphous subspectrum increased from 22 to 24 T. The behavior of nanocrystalline alloys under weak external magnetic field was analyzed within the three-level relaxation model of magnetic dynamics in an assembly of single-domain particles.

  2. Magnetic Flux Circulation During Dawn-Dusk Oriented Interplanetary Magnetic Field

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mitchell, E. J.; Lopez, R. E.; Fok, M.-C.; Deng, Y.; Wiltberger, M.; Lyon, J.

    2010-01-01

    Magnetic flux circulation is a primary mode of energy transfer from the solar wind into the ionosphere and inner magnetosphere. For southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), magnetic flux circulation is described by the Dungey cycle (dayside merging, night side reconnection, and magnetospheric convection), and both the ionosphere and inner magnetosphere receive energy. For dawn-dusk oriented IMF, magnetic flux circulation is not well understood, and the inner magnetosphere does not receive energy. Several models have been suggested for possible reconnection patterns; the general pattern is: dayside merging; reconnection on the dayside or along the dawn/dusk regions; and, return flow on dayside only. These models are consistent with the lack of energy in the inner magnetosphere. We will present evidence that the Dungey cycle does not explain the energy transfer during dawn-dusk oriented IMF. We will also present evidence of how magnetic flux does circulate during dawn-dusk oriented IMF, specifically how the magnetic flux reconnects and circulates back.

  3. Using Polar Coronal Hole Area Measurements to Determine the Solar Polar Magnetic Field Reversal in Solar Cycle 24

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Karna, N.; Webber, S.A. Hess; Pesnell, W.D.

    2014-01-01

    An analysis of solar polar coronal hole (PCH) areas since the launch of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) shows how the polar regions have evolved during Solar Cycle 24. We present PCH areas from mid-2010 through 2013 using data from the Atmospheric Imager Assembly (AIA) and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) instruments onboard SDO. Our analysis shows that both the northern and southern PCH areas have decreased significantly in size since 2010. Linear fits to the areas derived from the magnetic-field properties indicate that, although the northern hemisphere went through polar-field reversal and reached solar-maximum conditions in mid-2012, the southern hemisphere had not reached solar-maximum conditions in the polar regions by the end of 2013. Our results show that solar-maximum conditions in each hemisphere, as measured by the area of the polar coronal holes and polar magnetic field, will be offset in time.

  4. Magnetic properties of uncultivated magnetotactic bacteria and their contribution to a stratified estuary iron cycle.

    PubMed

    Chen, A P; Berounsky, V M; Chan, M K; Blackford, M G; Cady, C; Moskowitz, B M; Kraal, P; Lima, E A; Kopp, R E; Lumpkin, G R; Weiss, B P; Hesse, P; Vella, N G F

    2014-09-01

    Of the two nanocrystal (magnetosome) compositions biosynthesized by magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), the magnetic properties of magnetite magnetosomes have been extensively studied using widely available cultures, while those of greigite magnetosomes remain poorly known. Here we have collected uncultivated magnetite- and greigite-producing MTB to determine their magnetic coercivity distribution and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra and to assess the MTB-associated iron flux. We find that compared with magnetite-producing MTB cultures, FMR spectra of uncultivated MTB are characterized by a wider empirical parameter range, thus complicating the use of FMR for fossilized magnetosome (magnetofossil) detection. Furthermore, in stark contrast to putative Neogene greigite magnetofossil records, the coercivity distributions for greigite-producing MTB are fundamentally left-skewed with a lower median. Lastly, a comparison between the MTB-associated iron flux in the investigated estuary and the pyritic-Fe flux in the Black Sea suggests MTB play an important, but heretofore overlooked role in euxinic marine system iron cycle.

  5. Magnetic properties of uncultivated magnetotactic bacteria and their contribution to a stratified estuary iron cycle

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, A. P.; Berounsky, V. M.; Chan, M. K.; Blackford, M. G.; Cady, C.; Moskowitz, B. M.; Kraal, P.; Lima, E. A.; Kopp, R. E.; Lumpkin, G. R.; Weiss, B. P.; Hesse, P.; Vella, N. G. F.

    2014-09-01

    Of the two nanocrystal (magnetosome) compositions biosynthesized by magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), the magnetic properties of magnetite magnetosomes have been extensively studied using widely available cultures, while those of greigite magnetosomes remain poorly known. Here we have collected uncultivated magnetite- and greigite-producing MTB to determine their magnetic coercivity distribution and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra and to assess the MTB-associated iron flux. We find that compared with magnetite-producing MTB cultures, FMR spectra of uncultivated MTB are characterized by a wider empirical parameter range, thus complicating the use of FMR for fossilized magnetosome (magnetofossil) detection. Furthermore, in stark contrast to putative Neogene greigite magnetofossil records, the coercivity distributions for greigite-producing MTB are fundamentally left-skewed with a lower median. Lastly, a comparison between the MTB-associated iron flux in the investigated estuary and the pyritic-Fe flux in the Black Sea suggests MTB play an important, but heretofore overlooked role in euxinic marine system iron cycle.

  6. Characterization of the magnetic properties of NdFeB thick films exposed to elevated temperatures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fujiwara, Ryogen; Devillers, Thibaut; Givord, Dominique; Dempsey, Nora M.

    2018-05-01

    Hard magnetic films used in magnetic micro-systems may be exposed to elevated temperatures during film and system fabrication and also during use of the micro-system. In this work, we studied the influence of temperature on the magnetic properties of 10 μm thick out-of-plane textured NdFeB films fabricated by high rate triode sputtering. Out-of-plane hysteresis loops were measured in the range 300K - 650K to establish the temperature dependence of coercivity, magnetization at 7 T and remanent magnetization. Thermal demagnetization was measured and magnetization losses were recorded from 350K in films heated under zero or low (-0.1 T) external field and from 325 K for films heated under an external field of -0.5 T. The effect of thermal cycling under zero field on the remanent magnetization was also studied and it was found that cycling between room temperature and 323 K did not lead to any significant loss in remanence at room temperature, while a 4% drop is recorded when the sample is cycled between RT and 343K. Measurement of hysteresis loops at room temperature following exposure to elevated temperatures reveals that while remanent magnetisation is practically recovered in all cases, irreversible losses in coercivity occur (6.7 % following heating to 650K, and 1.3 % following heating to 343K). The relevance of these results is discussed in terms of system fabrication and use.

  7. High-power UV-LED degradation: Continuous and cycled working condition influence

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Arques-Orobon, F. J.; Nuñez, N.; Vazquez, M.; Segura-Antunez, C.; González-Posadas, V.

    2015-09-01

    High-power (HP) UV-LEDs can replace UV lamps for real-time fluoro-sensing applications by allowing portable and autonomous systems. However, HP UV-LEDs are not a mature technology, and there are still open issues regarding their performance evolution over time. This paper presents a reliability study of 3 W UV-LEDs, with special focus on LED degradation for two working conditions: continuous and cycled (30 s ON and 30 s OFF). Accelerated life tests are developed to evaluate the influence of temperature and electrical working conditions in high-power LEDs degradation, being the predominant failure mechanism the degradation of the package. An analysis that includes dynamic thermal and optical HP UV-LED measurements has been performed. Static thermal and stress simulation analysis with the finite element method (FEM) identifies the causes of package degradation. Accelerated life test results prove that HP UV-LEDs working in cycled condition have a better performance than those working in continuous condition.

  8. Functional anatomy of visuo-spatial working memory during mental rotation is influenced by sex, menstrual cycle, and sex steroid hormones.

    PubMed

    Schöning, S; Engelien, A; Kugel, H; Schäfer, S; Schiffbauer, H; Zwitserlood, P; Pletziger, E; Beizai, P; Kersting, A; Ohrmann, P; Greb, R R; Lehmann, W; Heindel, W; Arolt, V; Konrad, C

    2007-11-05

    Recent observations indicate that sex and level of steroid hormones may influence cortical networks associated with specific cognitive functions, in particular visuo-spatial abilities. The present study probed the influence of sex, menstrual cycle, and sex steroid hormones on 3D mental rotation and brain function using 3-T fMRI. Twelve healthy women and 12 men were investigated. Menstrual cycle and hormone levels were assessed. The early follicular and midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle were chosen to examine short-term cyclical changes. Parietal and frontal areas were activated during mental rotation in both sexes. Significant differences between men and women were revealed in both phases of menstrual cycle. In men we observed a significant correlation of activation levels with testosterone levels in the left parietal lobe (BA 40). In women, a cycle-dependent correlation pattern was observed for testosterone: brain activation correlated with this male hormone only during the early follicular phase. In both cycle phases females' brain activation was significantly correlated with estradiol in frontal and parietal areas. Our study provides evidence that fMRI-related activity during performance of cognitive tasks varies across sex and phases of the menstrual cycle. The variation might be partly explained by better task performance in men, but our results indicate that further explanations like basic neuronal or neurovascular effects modulated by steroid hormones must be considered. Both estradiol and testosterone levels may influence fMRI signals of cognitive tasks, which should affect selection of subjects for future fMRI studies.

  9. Influence of Dynamic Hydraulic Conditions on Nitrogen Cycling in Column Experiments

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gassen, Niklas; von Netzer, Frederick; Ryabenko, Evgenia; Lüders, Tillmann; Stumpp, Christine

    2015-04-01

    In order to improve management strategies of agricultural nitrogen input, it is of major importance to further understand which factors influence turnover processes within the nitrogen cycle. Many studies have focused on the fate of nitrate in hydrological systems, but up to date only little is known about the influence of dynamic hydraulic conditions on the fate of nitrate at the soil-groundwater interface. We conducted column experiments with natural sediment and compared a system with a fluctuating water table to systems with different water content and static conditions under the constant input of ammonia into the system. We used hydrochemical methods in order to trace nitrogen species, 15N isotope methods to get information about dominating turnover processes and microbial community analysis in order to connect hydrochemical and microbial information. We found that added ammonia was removed more effectively under dynamic hydraulic conditions than under static conditions. Furthermore, denitrification is the dominant process under saturated, static conditions, while nitrification is more important under unsaturated, static conditions. We conclude that a fluctuating water table creates hot spots where both nitrification and denitrification processes can occur spatially close to each other and therefore remove nitrogen more effectively from the system. Furthermore, the fluctuating water table enhances the exchange of solutes and triggers hot moments of solute turnover. Therefore we conclude that a fluctuating water table can amplify hot spots and trigger hot moments of nitrogen cycling.

  10. Influence of coating on nanocrystalline magnetic properties during high temperature thermal ageing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lekdim, Atef; Morel, Laurent; Raulet, Marie-Ange

    2017-05-01

    Since their birth or mergence the late 1980s, the nanocrystalline ultrasoft magnetic materials are taking a great importance in power electronic systems conception. One of the main advantages that make them more attractive nowadays is their ability to be packaged since the reduction of the magnetostrictive constant to almost zero. In aircraft applications, due to the high component compactness and to their location (for example near the jet engine), the operating temperature increases and may reach easily 200 °C and more. Consequently, the magnetic thermal ageing may occur but is, unfortunately, weakly studied. This paper focuses on the influence of the coating (packaging type) on the magnetic nanocrystalline performances during a thermal ageing. This study is based on monitoring the magnetic characteristics of two types of nanocrystalline cores (naked and coated) during a thermal activated ageing (100, 150 and 200 °C). Based on a dedicated monitoring protocol, a large magnetic characterization has been done and analyzed. Elsewhere, X-Ray Diffraction and magnetostriction measurements were carried out to support the study of the anisotropy energies evolution with ageing. This latter is discussed in this paper to explain and give hypothesis about the ageing phenomena.

  11. Modulation of galactic cosmic rays in solar cycles 22-24: Analysis and physical interpretation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kalinin, M. S.; Bazilevskaya, G. A.; Krainev, M. B.; Svirzhevskaya, A. K.; Svirzhevsky, N. S.; Starodubtsev, S. A.

    2017-09-01

    This work represents a physical interpretation of cosmic ray modulation in the 22nd-24th solar cycles, including an interpretation of an unusual behavior of their intensity in the last minimum of the solar activity (2008-2010). In terms of the Parker modulation model, which deals with regularly measured heliospheric characteristics, it is shown that the determining factor of the increased intensity of the galactic cosmic rays in the minimum of the 24th solar cycle is an anomalous reduction of the heliospheric magnetic field strength during this time interval under the additional influence of the solar wind velocity and the tilt angle of the heliospheric current sheet. We have used in the calculations the dependence of the diffusion tensor on the rigidity in the form K ij ∝ R 2-μ with μ = 1.2 in the sector zones of the heliospheric magnetic field and with μ = 0.8 outside the sector zones, which leads to an additional amplification of the diffusion mechanism of cosmic ray modulation. The proposed approach allows us to describe quite satisfactorily the integral intensity of protons with an energy above 0.1 GeV and the energy spectra in the minima of the 22nd-24th solar cycles at the same value of the free parameter. The determining factor of the anomalously high level of the galactic cosmic ray intensity in the minimum of the 24th solar cycle is the significant reduction of the heliospheric magnetic field strength during this time interval. The forecast of the intensity level in the minimum of the 25th solar cycle is provided.

  12. The evolving magnetic topology of τ Boötis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mengel, M. W.; Fares, R.; Marsden, S. C.; Carter, B. D.; Jeffers, S. V.; Petit, P.; Donati, J.-F.; Folsom, C. P.; BCool Collaboration

    2016-07-01

    We present six epochs of spectropolarimetric observations of the hot-Jupiter-hosting star τ Boötis that extend the exceptional previous multiyear data set of its large-scale magnetic field. Our results confirm that the large-scale magnetic field of τ Boötis varies cyclicly, with the observation of two further magnetic reversals; between 2013 December and 2014 May and between 2015 January and March. We also show that the field evolves in a broadly solar-type manner in contrast to other F-type stars. We further present new results which indicate that the chromospheric activity cycle and the magnetic activity cycles are related, which would indicate a very rapid magnetic cycle. As an exemplar of long-term magnetic field evolution, τ Boötis and this long-term monitoring campaign presents a unique opportunity for studying stellar magnetic cycles.

  13. No Influence of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Exercise-Induced Pain and 5-Km Cycling Time-Trial Performance

    PubMed Central

    Hibbert, Andrew W.; Billaut, François; Varley, Matthew C.; Polman, Remco C. J.

    2017-01-01

    Introduction: Afferent information from exercising muscle contributes to the sensation of exercise-induced muscle pain. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) delivers low–voltage electrical currents to the skin, inhibiting nociceptive afferent information. The use of TENS in reducing perceptions of exercise-induced pain has not yet been fully explored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TENS on exercise-induced muscle pain, pacing strategy, and performance during a 5-km cycling time trial (TT). Methods: On three separate occasions, in a single-blind, randomized, and cross-over design, 13 recreationally active participants underwent a 30-min TENS protocol, before performing a 5-km cycling TT. TENS was applied to the quadriceps prior to exercise under the following conditions; control (CONT), placebo with sham TENS application (PLAC), and an experimental condition with TENS application (TENS). Quadriceps fatigue was assessed with magnetic femoral nerve stimulation assessing changes in potentiated quadriceps twitch force at baseline, pre and post exercise. Subjective scores of exertion, affect and pain were taken every 1-km. Results: During TTs, application of TENS did not influence pain perceptions (P = 0.68, ηp2 = 0.03). There was no significant change in mean power (P = 0.16, ηp2 = 0.16) or TT duration (P = 0.17, ηp2 = 0.14), although effect sizes were large for these two variables. Changes in power output were not significant but showed moderate effect sizes at 500-m (ηp2 = 0.10) and 750-m (ηp2 = 0.10). Muscle recruitment as inferred by electromyography data was not significant, but showed large effect sizes at 250-m (ηp2 = 0.16), 500-m (ηp2 = 0.15), and 750-m (ηp2 = 0.14). This indicates a possible effect for TENS influencing performance up to 1-km. Discussion: These findings do not support the use of TENS to improve 5-km TT performance. PMID:28223939

  14. Magnetic response of gelatin ferrogels across the sol-gel transition: the influence of high energy crosslinking on thermal stability.

    PubMed

    Wisotzki, Emilia I; Eberbeck, Dietmar; Kratz, Harald; Mayr, Stefan G

    2016-05-07

    As emerging responsive materials, ferrogels have demonstrated significant potential for applications in areas of engineering to regenerative medicine. Promising techniques to study the behavior of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in such matrices include magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) and magnetorelaxometry (MRX). This work investigated the magnetic response of gelatin-based ferrogels with increasing temperatures, before and after high energy crosslinking. The particle response was characterized by the nonlinear magnetization using MPS and quasistatic magnetization measurements as well as MRX to discriminate between Néel and Brownian relaxation mechanisms. The effective magnetic response of MNPs in gelatin was suppressed, indicating that the magnetization of the ferrogels was strongly influenced by competing dipole-dipole interactions. Significant changes in the magnetic behavior were observed across the gelatin sol-gel transition, as influenced by the matrix viscosity. These relaxation processes were modeled by Fourier transformation of the Langevin function, combined with a Debye term for the nonlinear magnetic response, for single core MNPs embedded in matrices of changing viscosities. Using high energy electron irradiation as a crosslinking method, modified ferrogels exhibited thermal stability on a range of timescales. However, MRX relaxation times revealed a slight softening around the gelatin sol-gel transition felt by the smallest particles, demonstrating a high sensitivity to observe local changes in the viscoelasticity. Overall, MPS and MRX functioned as non-contact methods to observe changes in the nanorheology around the native sol-gel transition and in crosslinked ferrogels, as well as provided an understanding of how MNPs were integrated into and influenced by the surrounding matrix.

  15. The Solar Cycle.

    PubMed

    Hathaway, David H

    The solar cycle is reviewed. The 11-year cycle of solar activity is characterized by the rise and fall in the numbers and surface area of sunspots. A number of other solar activity indicators also vary in association with the sunspots including; the 10.7 cm radio flux, the total solar irradiance, the magnetic field, flares and coronal mass ejections, geomagnetic activity, galactic cosmic ray fluxes, and radioisotopes in tree rings and ice cores. Individual solar cycles are characterized by their maxima and minima, cycle periods and amplitudes, cycle shape, the equatorward drift of the active latitudes, hemispheric asymmetries, and active longitudes. Cycle-to-cycle variability includes the Maunder Minimum, the Gleissberg Cycle, and the Gnevyshev-Ohl (even-odd) Rule. Short-term variability includes the 154-day periodicity, quasi-biennial variations, and double-peaked maxima. We conclude with an examination of prediction techniques for the solar cycle and a closer look at cycles 23 and 24. Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/lrsp-2015-4.

  16. Influence of Thermal Cycling on Flexural Properties and Simulated Wear of Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing Resin Composites.

    PubMed

    Tsujimoto, A; Barkmeier, W W; Takamizawa, T; Latta, M A; Miyazaki, M

    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of thermal cycling on the flexural properties and simulated wear of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin composites. The six CAD/CAM resin composites used in this study were 1) Lava Ultimate CAD/CAM Restorative (LU); 2) Paradigm MZ100 (PM); 3) CERASMART (CS); 4) Shofu Block HC (SB); 5) KATANA AVENCIA Block (KA); and 6) VITA ENAMIC (VE). Specimens were divided randomly into two groups, one of which was stored in distilled water for 24 hours, and the other of which was subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles. For each material, 15 specimens from each group were used to determine the flexural strength and modulus according to ISO 6872, and 20 specimens from each group were used to examine wear using a localized wear simulation model. The test materials were subjected to a wear challenge of 400,000 cycles in a Leinfelder-Suzuki device (Alabama machine). The materials were placed in custom-cylinder stainless steel fixtures, and simulated localized wear was generated using a stainless steel ball bearing (r=2.387 mm) antagonist in a water slurry of polymethyl methacrylate beads. Simulated wear was determined using a noncontact profilometer (Proscan 2100) with Proscan and AnSur 3D software. The two-way analysis of variance of flexural properties and simulated wear of CAD/CAM resin composites revealed that material type and thermal cycling had a significant influence (p<0.05), but there was no significant interaction (p>0.05) between the two factors. The flexural properties and maximum depth of wear facets of CAD/CAM resin composite were different (p<0.05) depending on the material, and their values were influenced (p>0.05) by thermal cycling, except in the case of VE. The volume losses in wear facets on LU, PM, and SB after 10,000 thermal cycles were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those after 24 hours of water storage, unlike CS, KA, and VE. The results of this study indicate that the

  17. Degradation Behavior of the HTS Bulk Magnet in Cryocooler System with Cyclic Temperature Variation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Okuno, K.; Sawa, K.; Iwasa, Y.

    2006-03-01

    This paper presents a change of magnetic flux trapped in the YBCO bulk magnet under thermal excursions. We have supposed a new cryocooler system for the high temperature superconducting(HTS) bulk magnet in which the thermal cycles are generated. From the past research, it was found that the trapped flux mainly deteriorated at the first temperature rise, but a large change of the trapped flux was not seen at the first temperature descent and following thermal cycles. Degradation of the trapped flux by the first temperature-rise was explained by using the bean model. Moreover we proposed the model which does not have a current distribution constant. In this paper, we examined a change of magnetic field in each part of the bulk in detail. In addition, we applied attention to the change of the trapped flux after the first temperature rise. Although there is no big change of the trapped flux after the first temperature-rise, it is decreasing slowly. This cause is considered as influence of the flux creep, but its decay is more rapid than usual.

  18. Microstructural development of cobalt ferrite ceramics and its influence on magnetic properties

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kim, Gi-Yeop; Jeon, Jae-Ho; Kim, Myong-Ho; Suvorov, Danilo; Choi, Si-Young

    2013-11-01

    The microstructural evolution and its influence on magnetic properties in cobalt ferrite were investigated. The cobalt ferrite powders were prepared via a solid-state reaction route and then sintered at 1200 °C for 1, 2, and 16 h in air. The microstructures from sintered samples represented a bimodal distribution of grain size, which is associated with abnormal grain growth behavior. And thus, with increasing sintering time, the number and size of abnormal grains accordingly increased but the matrix grains were frozen with stagnant grain growth. In the sample sintered for 16 h, all of the matrix grains were consumed and the abnormal grains consequently impinged on each other. With the appearance of abnormal grains, the magnetic coercivity significantly decreased from 586.3 Oe (1 h sintered sample) to 168.3 Oe (16 h sintered sample). This is due to the magnetization in abnormal grains being easily flipped. In order to achieve high magnetic coercivity of cobalt ferrite, it is thus imperative to fabricate the fine and homogeneous microstructure.

  19. Influence of Heliospheric Current Sheet presence on geomagnetic storm originated by Magnetic Clouds.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hidalgo, M. A.; Blanco, J. J.

    2006-12-01

    It is well known the importance of Magnetic Cloud (MC) on the Magnetosphere and its influence as cause of strong geomagnetic activity, especially fast magnetic cloud. Sometimes magnetic cloud travels in solar wind close to the Heliospheric Current Sheet (HCS). We wonder if the HCS presence plays some role on the geomagnetic storm development. In this work we will try to respond to this question comparing the effect on the Magnetosphere of MC+HCS and MC without HCS, detected by WIND instruments. This work has been supported by the Spanish Comisión Internacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT), grant ESP2005-07290-C02-01 and ESP2006-08459 and Madrid Autonomous Community / University of Alcala grant CAM-UAH 2005/007.

  20. Nanomagnetic behavior of fullerene thin films in Earth magnetic field in dark and under polarization light influences.

    PubMed

    Koruga, Djuro; Nikolić, Aleksandra; Mihajlović, Spomenko; Matija, Lidija

    2005-10-01

    In this paper magnetic fields intensity of C60 thin films of 60 nm and 100 nm thickness under the influence of polarization lights are presented. Two proton magnetometers were used for measurements. Significant change of magnetic field intensity in range from 2.5 nT to 12.3 nT is identified as a difference of dark and polarization lights of 60 nm and 100 nm thin films thickness, respectively. Specific power density of polarization light was 40 mW/cm2. Based on 200 measurement data average value of difference between magnetic intensity of C60 thin films, with 60 nm and 100 nm thickness, after influence of polarization light, were 3.9 nT and 9.9 nT respectively.

  1. QBO as Potential Amplifier of Solar Cycle Influence

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mayr, Hans G.; Mangel, John G.; Wolff, Charles L.; Porter, Hayden S.

    2006-01-01

    The solar cycle (SC) effect in the lower atmosphere has been linked observationally to the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of the zonal circulation. Salby and Callaghan (2000) in particular analyzed the QBO covering more than 40 years and found that it contains a large SC signature at 20 km. We discuss a 3D study in which we simulate the QBO under the influence of the SC. For a SC period of 10 years, the relative amplitude of radiative forcing is taken to vary with height: 0.2% (surface), 2% (50 km), 20% (100 km and above). This model produces in the lower stratosphere a relatively large modulation of the QBO, which appears to come from the SC and qualitatively agrees with the observations. The modulation of the QBO, with constant phase relative to the SC, is shown to persist at least for 50 years, and it is induced by a SC modulated annual oscillation that is hemispherically symmetric and confined to low latitudes.

  2. Diary of a Wimpy Cycle

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hathaway, David; Upton, Lisa

    2013-01-01

    The cause of the low and extended minimum in solar activity between Sunspot Cycles 23 and 24 was the small size of Sunspot Cycle 24 itself - small cycles start late and leave behind low minima. Cycle 24 is small because the polar fields produced during Cycle 23 were substantially weaker than those produced during the previous cycles and those (weak) polar fields are the seeds for the activity of the following cycle. Here we discuss the observed characteristics of Cycle 24 and contrast them to the characteristics of previous cycles. We present observations and Magnetic Flux Transport simulations with data assimilated from SOHO/MDI and SDO/HMI that help to explain these differences and point the way to predictions of future activity levels.

  3. Solar cycle variations of the solar wind

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Crooker, N. U.

    1983-01-01

    Throughout the course of the past one and a half solar cycles, solar wind parameters measured near the ecliptic plane at 1 AU varied in the following way: speed and proton temperature have maxima during the declining phase and minima at solar minimum and are approximately anti-correlated with number density and electron temperature, while magnetic field magnitude and relative abundance of helium roughly follow the sunspot cycle. These variations are described in terms of the solar cycle variations of coronal holes, streamers, and transients. The solar wind signatures of the three features are discussed in turn, with special emphasis on the signature of transients, which is still in the process of being defined. It is proposed that magnetic clouds be identified with helium abundance enhancements and that they form the head of a transient surrounded by streamer like plasma, with an optional shock front. It is stressed that relative values of a parameter through a solar cycle should be compared beginning with the declining phase, especially in the case of magnetic field magnitude.

  4. Influence of Hall Effect on Magnetic Control of Stagnation Point Heat Transfer

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Poggie, Jonathan; Gaitonde, Datta

    2001-11-01

    Electromagnetic control is an appealing possibility for mitigating the thermal loads that occur in hypersonic flight. There was extensive research on this technique in the past (up to about 1970), but enthusiasm waned because of problems of system cost and weight. Renewed interest has arisen recently due to developments in the technology of super-conducting magnets and the understanding of the physics of weakly-ionized, non-equilibrium plasmas. A problem of particular interest is the reduction of stagnation point heating during atmospheric entry by magnetic deceleration of the flow in the shock layer. For the case of hypersonic flow over a sphere, a reduction in heat flux has been observed with the application of a dipole magnetic field (Poggie and Gaitonde, AIAA Paper 2001-0196). The Hall effect has a detrimental influence on this control scheme, tending to rotate the current vector out of the circumferential direction and to reduce the impact of the applied magnetic field on the fluid. In the present work we re-examine this problem by using modern computational methods to simulate flow past a hemispherical-nosed vehicle in which a axially-oriented magnetic dipole has been placed. The deleterious effects of the Hall current are characterized, and are observed to diminish when the surface of the vehicle is conducting.

  5. Magnetic Refrigeration Development

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Deardoff, D. D.; Johnson, D. L.

    1984-01-01

    Magnetic refrigeration is being developed to determine whether it may be used as an alternative to the Joule-Thomson circuit of a closed cycle refrigerator for providing 4 K refrigeration. An engineering model 4-15 K magnetic refrigerator has been designed and is being fabricated. This article describes the overall design of the magnetic refrigerator.

  6. Thermal and magnetic properties of iron oxide colloids: influence of surfactants

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Soares, Paula I. P.; Lochte, Frederik; Echeverria, Coro; Pereira, Laura C. J.; Coutinho, Joana T.; Ferreira, Isabel M. M.; Novo, Carlos M. M.; Borges, João P. M. R.

    2015-10-01

    Iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively studied in the last few decades for several biomedical applications such as magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic drug delivery and hyperthermia. Hyperthermia is a technique used for cancer treatment which consists in inducing a temperature of about 41-45 °C in cancerous cells through magnetic NPs and an external magnetic field. Chemical precipitation was used to produce iron oxide NPs 9 nm in size coated with oleic acid and trisodium citrate. The influence of both stabilizers on the heating ability and in vitro cytotoxicity of the produced iron oxide NPs was assessed. Physicochemical characterization of the samples confirmed that the used surfactants do not change the particles’ average size and that the presence of the surfactants has a strong effect on both the magnetic properties and the heating ability. The heating ability of Fe3O4 NPs shows a proportional increase with the increase of iron concentration, although when coated with trisodium citrate or oleic acid the heating ability decreases. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that both pristine and trisodium citrate Fe3O4 samples do not reduce cell viability. However, oleic acid Fe3O4 strongly reduces cell viability, more drastically in the SaOs-2 cell line. The produced iron oxide NPs are suitable for cancer hyperthermia treatment and the use of a surfactant brings great advantages concerning the dispersion of NPs, also allowing better control of the hyperthermia temperature.

  7. Thermal and magnetic properties of iron oxide colloids: influence of surfactants.

    PubMed

    Soares, Paula I P; Lochte, Frederik; Echeverria, Coro; Pereira, Laura C J; Coutinho, Joana T; Ferreira, Isabel M M; Novo, Carlos M M; Borges, João P M R

    2015-10-23

    Iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively studied in the last few decades for several biomedical applications such as magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic drug delivery and hyperthermia. Hyperthermia is a technique used for cancer treatment which consists in inducing a temperature of about 41-45 °C in cancerous cells through magnetic NPs and an external magnetic field. Chemical precipitation was used to produce iron oxide NPs 9 nm in size coated with oleic acid and trisodium citrate. The influence of both stabilizers on the heating ability and in vitro cytotoxicity of the produced iron oxide NPs was assessed. Physicochemical characterization of the samples confirmed that the used surfactants do not change the particles' average size and that the presence of the surfactants has a strong effect on both the magnetic properties and the heating ability. The heating ability of Fe3O4 NPs shows a proportional increase with the increase of iron concentration, although when coated with trisodium citrate or oleic acid the heating ability decreases. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that both pristine and trisodium citrate Fe3O4 samples do not reduce cell viability. However, oleic acid Fe3O4 strongly reduces cell viability, more drastically in the SaOs-2 cell line. The produced iron oxide NPs are suitable for cancer hyperthermia treatment and the use of a surfactant brings great advantages concerning the dispersion of NPs, also allowing better control of the hyperthermia temperature.

  8. How Large Scales Flows May Influence Solar Activity

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hathaway, D. H.

    2004-01-01

    Large scale flows within the solar convection zone are the primary drivers of the Sun's magnetic activity cycle and play important roles in shaping the Sun's magnetic field. Differential rotation amplifies the magnetic field through its shearing action and converts poloidal field into toroidal field. Poleward meridional flow near the surface carries magnetic flux that reverses the magnetic poles at about the time of solar maximum. The deeper, equatorward meridional flow can carry magnetic flux back toward the lower latitudes where it erupts through the surface to form tilted active regions that convert toroidal fields into oppositely directed poloidal fields. These axisymmetric flows are themselves driven by large scale convective motions. The effects of the Sun's rotation on convection produce velocity correlations that can maintain both the differential rotation and the meridional circulation. These convective motions can also influence solar activity directly by shaping the magnetic field pattern. While considerable theoretical advances have been made toward understanding these large scale flows, outstanding problems in matching theory to observations still remain.

  9. Active magnetic regenerator

    DOEpatents

    Barclay, John A.; Steyert, William A.

    1982-01-01

    The disclosure is directed to an active magnetic regenerator apparatus and method. Brayton, Stirling, Ericsson, and Carnot cycles and the like may be utilized in an active magnetic regenerator to provide efficient refrigeration over relatively large temperature ranges.

  10. Three-dimensional features of the outer heliosphere due to coupling between the interstellar and interplanetary magnetic fields. IV. Solar cycle model based on Ulysses observations

    DOE PAGES

    Pogorelov, N. V.; Suess, S. T.; Borovikov, S. N.; ...

    2013-06-26

    The solar cycle has a profound influence on the solar wind (SW) interaction with the local interstellar medium (LISM) on more than one timescales. Also, there are substantial differences in individual solar cycle lengths and SW behavior within them. The presence of a slow SW belt, with a variable latitudinal extent changing within each solar cycle from rather small angles to 90°, separated from the fast wind that originates at coronal holes substantially affects plasma in the inner heliosheath (IHS)—the SW region between the termination shock (TS) and the heliopause (HP). The solar cycle may be the reason why themore » complicated flow structure is observed in the IHS by Voyager 1. Here, we show that a substantial decrease in the SW ram pressure observed by Ulysses between the TS crossings by Voyager 1 and 2 contributes significantly to the difference in the heliocentric distances at which these crossings occurred. The Ulysses spacecraft is the source of valuable information about the three-dimensional and time-dependent properties of the SW. Its unique fast latitudinal scans of the SW regions make it possible to create a solar cycle model based on the spacecraft in situ measurements. On the basis of our analysis of the Ulysses data over the entire life of the mission, we generated time-dependent boundary conditions at 10 AU from the Sun and applied our MHD-neutral model to perform a numerical simulation of the SW-LISM interaction. We analyzed the global variations in the interaction pattern, the excursions of the TS and the HP, and the details of the plasma and magnetic field distributions in the IHS. The resulting numbers are compared with Voyager data as functions of time in the spacecraft frame. We also discuss solar cycle effects which may be reasons for the recent decrease in the TS particles (ions accelerated to anomalous cosmic-ray energies) flux observed by Voyager 1.« less

  11. THREE-DIMENSIONAL FEATURES OF THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE DUE TO COUPLING BETWEEN THE INTERSTELLAR AND INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELDS. IV. SOLAR CYCLE MODEL BASED ON ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pogorelov, N. V.; Zank, G. P.; Suess, S. T.

    2013-07-20

    The solar cycle has a profound influence on the solar wind (SW) interaction with the local interstellar medium (LISM) on more than one timescales. Also, there are substantial differences in individual solar cycle lengths and SW behavior within them. The presence of a slow SW belt, with a variable latitudinal extent changing within each solar cycle from rather small angles to 90 Degree-Sign , separated from the fast wind that originates at coronal holes substantially affects plasma in the inner heliosheath (IHS)-the SW region between the termination shock (TS) and the heliopause (HP). The solar cycle may be the reasonmore » why the complicated flow structure is observed in the IHS by Voyager 1. In this paper, we show that a substantial decrease in the SW ram pressure observed by Ulysses between the TS crossings by Voyager 1 and 2 contributes significantly to the difference in the heliocentric distances at which these crossings occurred. The Ulysses spacecraft is the source of valuable information about the three-dimensional and time-dependent properties of the SW. Its unique fast latitudinal scans of the SW regions make it possible to create a solar cycle model based on the spacecraft in situ measurements. On the basis of our analysis of the Ulysses data over the entire life of the mission, we generated time-dependent boundary conditions at 10 AU from the Sun and applied our MHD-neutral model to perform a numerical simulation of the SW-LISM interaction. We analyzed the global variations in the interaction pattern, the excursions of the TS and the HP, and the details of the plasma and magnetic field distributions in the IHS. Numerical results are compared with Voyager data as functions of time in the spacecraft frame. We discuss solar cycle effects which may be reasons for the recent decrease in the TS particles (ions accelerated to anomalous cosmic-ray energies) flux observed by Voyager 1.« less

  12. Rapid cycling medical synchrotron and beam delivery system

    DOEpatents

    Peggs, Stephen G [Port Jefferson, NY; Brennan, J Michael [East Northport, NY; Tuozzolo, Joseph E [Sayville, NY; Zaltsman, Alexander [Commack, NY

    2008-10-07

    A medical synchrotron which cycles rapidly in order to accelerate particles for delivery in a beam therapy system. The synchrotron generally includes a radiofrequency (RF) cavity for accelerating the particles as a beam and a plurality of combined function magnets arranged in a ring. Each of the combined function magnets performs two functions. The first function of the combined function magnet is to bend the particle beam along an orbital path around the ring. The second function of the combined function magnet is to focus or defocus the particle beam as it travels around the path. The radiofrequency (RF) cavity is a ferrite loaded cavity adapted for high speed frequency swings for rapid cycling acceleration of the particles.

  13. Influences of different parameters on the microstructure of magnetic-field-induced self-assembled film

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dan, X.; Yang, J. J.

    2016-07-01

    Self-assembled films with needle-like microarrays were fabricated using a mixture of cobalt and fluorocarbon resin under a magnetic field. The various influences of magnetic powder content, viscosity and size distribution on the structure of the self-assembled films were investigated. The self-assembled film morphologies were characterized by stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy. Experimental results indicate that an increase in magnetic powder content results in greater unit height and diameter, and that a reduction in viscosity results in increasing array density and decreasing unit width. Additionally, particles with narrow size distribution were able to attain more regular microarray structures. The structural alterations were closely related to numerous effects such as van der Waals forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and external-dipole interactions. The self-assembled film demonstrated magnetic anisotropy, as identified by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM).

  14. Relating Stellar Cycle Periods to Dynamo Calculations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Tobias, S. M.

    1998-01-01

    Stellar magnetic activity in slowly rotating stars is often cyclic, with the period of the magnetic cycle depending critically on the rotation rate and the convective turnover time of the star. Here we show that the interpretation of this law from dynamo models is not a simple task. It is demonstrated that the period is (unsurprisingly) sensitive to the precise type of non-linearity employed. Moreover the calculation of the wave-speed of plane-wave solutions does not (as was previously supposed) give an indication of the magnetic period in a more realistic dynamo model, as the changes in length-scale of solutions are not easily captured by this approach. Progress can be made, however, by considering a realistic two-dimensional model, in which the radial length-scale of waves is included. We show that it is possible in this case to derive a more robust relation between cycle period and dynamo number. For all the non-linearities considered in the most realistic model, the magnetic cycle period is a decreasing function of IDI (the amplitude of the dynamo number). However, discriminating between different non-linearities is difficult in this case and care must therefore be taken before advancing explanations for the magnetic periods of stars.

  15. [The influence of general magnetic therapy on the psychological status of the patients presenting with osteoarthrosis].

    PubMed

    Degtiarev, V K; Aleksandrov, A V; Nenasheva, N V; Cherkashina, I V; Nikitin, M V

    2013-01-01

    The present study was designed to estimate the influence of general magnetic therapy on the psychical conditions of 151 patients presenting with degenerative joint diseases including osteoarthritis (OA). It was shown that the application of general magnetic therapy for the rehabilitative treatment of osteoarthrosis promotes the improvement of the psycho-emotional state of the patients. It is concluded that prescription of general magnetic therapy to the patients with OA suffering from serious psycho-emotional disorders brings about beneficial changes in their anxiety- and depression-related personality traits.

  16. Coronal and heliospheric magnetic flux circulation and its relation to open solar flux evolution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lockwood, Mike; Owens, Mathew J.; Imber, Suzanne M.; James, Matthew K.; Bunce, Emma J.; Yeoman, Timothy K.

    2017-06-01

    Solar cycle 24 is notable for three features that can be found in previous cycles but which have been unusually prominent: (1) sunspot activity was considerably greater in the northern/southern hemisphere during the rising/declining phase; (2) accumulation of open solar flux (OSF) during the rising phase was modest, but rapid in the early declining phase; (3) the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) tilt showed large fluctuations. We show that these features had a major influence on the progression of the cycle. All flux emergence causes a rise then a fall in OSF, but only OSF with foot points in opposing hemispheres progresses the solar cycle via the evolution of the polar fields. Emergence in one hemisphere, or symmetric emergence without some form of foot point exchange across the heliographic equator, causes poleward migrating fields of both polarities in one or both (respectively) hemispheres which temporarily enhance OSF but do not advance the polar field cycle. The heliospheric field observed near Mercury and Earth reflects the asymmetries in emergence. Using magnetograms, we find evidence that the poleward magnetic flux transport (of both polarities) is modulated by the HCS tilt, revealing an effect on OSF loss rate. The declining phase rise in OSF was caused by strong emergence in the southern hemisphere with an anomalously low HCS tilt. This implies the recent fall in the southern polar field will be sustained and that the peak OSF has limited implications for the polar field at the next sunspot minimum and hence for the amplitude of cycle 25.Plain Language SummaryThere is growing interest in being able to predict the evolution in solar conditions on a better basis than past experience, which is necessarily limited. Two of the key features of the solar <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> <span class="hlt">cycle</span> are that the polar fields reverse just after the peak of each sunspot <span class="hlt">cycle</span> and that the polar field that has accumulated by the time of each sunspot</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..343a2037S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..343a2037S"><span>The observation of resistivity change on the ultrasonic treated Fe-Cr ODS sinter alloy under <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field <span class="hlt">influence</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Silalahi, Marzuki; Purwanto, Setyo; Mujamilah; Dimyati, Arbi</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>About the observation of resistivity change on the ultrasonic treated Fe-Cr ODS sinter alloy under <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field <span class="hlt">influence</span>. This paper reported about the observation of the resistivity change in the ultrasonic pre-treated Fe-Cr ODS sinter alloy under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field at the Center for Science and Technology of Advanced Material, Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia. Fe-Cr ODS alloy were sinthesized by vacuum sintering of Fe- and Cr-powder dispersed Y2O3. However, before sintering the powder mixture was subjected to the irradiation process by ultrasonic for 50 hours at 20 kHz and then isostatic pressed up to 50.91 MPa to form a coin of 10 mm in diameter. LCR meassurement revealed the decreasing of resistivity about 3 times by increasing of applied <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field from 0 to 70 mT. In addition, VSM meassurement was performed on both as powder material and as sintered sample. The results showed increasing the <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> with increasing <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field and the curve exhibits almost exact symmetry S-form with small hysterese indicating fast changing <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> and demagnetization capability without energy loss. This opens strong speculations about the existence of magnetoresistant property of the material which is important for many application in field of sensors or electro <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> valves.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PPCF...60a4015A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PPCF...60a4015A"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field configuration on the plasma flow in Hall thrusters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Andreussi, T.; Giannetti, V.; Leporini, A.; Saravia, M. M.; Andrenucci, M.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>In Hall propulsion, the thrust is provided by the acceleration of ions in a plasma generated in a cross-field configuration. Standard thruster configurations have annular channels with an almost radial <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field at the channel exit. A potential difference is imposed in the axial direction and the intensity of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field is calibrated in order to hinder the electron motion, while leaving the ions non-magnetised. <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> field lines can be assumed, as a first approximation, as lines of constant electron temperature and of thermalized potential. In typical thruster configurations, the discharge occurs inside a ceramic channel and, due to plasma-wall interactions, the electron temperature is typically low, less than few tens of eV. Hence, the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field lines can be effectively used to tailor the distribution of the electrostatic potential. However, the erosion of the ceramic walls caused by the ion bombardment represents the main limiting factor of the thruster lifetime and new thruster configurations are currently under development. For these configurations, classical first order models of the plasma dynamics fail to grasp the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> topology on the plasma flow. In the present paper, a novel approach to investigate the correlation between <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field topology and thruster performance is presented. Due to the anisotropy induced by the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field, the gradients of the plasma properties are assumed to be mainly in the direction orthogonal to the local <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field, thus enabling a quasi-one-dimensional description in <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> coordinates. Theoretical and experimental investigations performed on a 5 kW class Hall thruster with different <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field configurations are then presented and discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3775424','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3775424"><span>Analysis of the <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Field <span class="hlt">Influence</span> on the Rheological Properties of Healthy Persons Blood</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Nawrocka-Bogusz, Honorata</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field on whole blood rheological properties remains a weakly known phenomenon. An in vitro analysis of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field <span class="hlt">influence</span> on the rheological properties of healthy persons blood is presented in this work. The study was performed on blood samples taken from 25 healthy nonsmoking persons and included comparative analysis of the results of both the standard rotary method (flow curve measurement) and the oscillatory method known also as the mechanical dynamic analysis, performed before and after exposition of blood samples to <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. The principle of the oscillatory technique lies in determining the amplitude and phase of the oscillations of the studied sample subjected to action of a harmonic force of controlled amplitude and frequency. The flow curve measurement involved determining the shear rate dependence of blood viscosity. The viscoelastic properties of the blood samples were analyzed in terms of complex blood viscosity. All the measurements have been performed by means of the Contraves LS40 rheometer. The data obtained from the flow curve measurements complemented by hematocrit and plasma viscosity measurements have been analyzed using the rheological model of Quemada. No significant changes of the studied rheological parameters have been found. PMID:24078918</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22584027-magnetic-field-cycling-effect-non-linear-current-voltage-characteristics-magnetic-field-induced-negative-differential-resistance-fe-sub-ga-sub-sub-oxide','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22584027-magnetic-field-cycling-effect-non-linear-current-voltage-characteristics-magnetic-field-induced-negative-differential-resistance-fe-sub-ga-sub-sub-oxide"><span><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> field <span class="hlt">cycling</span> effect on the non-linear current-voltage characteristics and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field induced negative differential resistance in α-Fe{sub 1.64}Ga{sub 0.36}O{sub 3} oxide</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Bhowmik, R. N., E-mail: rnbhowmik.phy@pondiuni.edu.in; Vijayasri, G.</p> <p>2015-06-15</p> <p>We have studied current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of α-Fe{sub 1.64}Ga{sub 0.36}O{sub 3}, a typical canted ferromagnetic semiconductor. The sample showed a transformation of the I-V curves from linear to non-linear character with the increase of bias voltage. The I-V curves showed irreversible features with hysteresis loop and bi-stable electronic states for up and down modes of voltage sweep. We report positive magnetoresistance and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field induced negative differential resistance as the first time observed phenomena in metal doped hematite system. The magnitudes of critical voltage at which I-V curve showed peak and corresponding peak current are affected by <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field <span class="hlt">cycling</span>.more » The shift of the peak voltage with <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field showed a step-wise jump between two discrete voltage levels with least gap (ΔV{sub P}) 0.345(± 0.001) V. The <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> spin dependent electronic charge transport in this new class of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> semiconductor opens a wide scope for tuning large electroresistance (∼500-700%), magnetoresistance (70-135 %) and charge-spin dependent conductivity under suitable control of electric and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields. The electric and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field controlled charge-spin transport is interesting for applications of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> materials in spintronics, e.g., <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> sensor, memory devices and digital switching.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA566159','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA566159"><span>Symmetry Induced Heteroclinic <span class="hlt">Cycles</span> in Coupled Sensor Devices</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>of an array of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> sensors. In particular, we consider arrays made up of fluxgate magnetometers inductively coupled through electronic circuits. c...<span class="hlt">cycle</span> can significantly enhance the sensitivity of an array of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> sensors. In particular, we consider arrays made up of fluxgate magnetometers ...IUTAM 5 ( 2012 ) 144 – 150 4. A <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> in A Coupled-Core Fluxgate Magnetometer 4.1. Modeling In its most basic form, a fluxgate magnetometer</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740020499&hterms=coagulation&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dcoagulation','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740020499&hterms=coagulation&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dcoagulation"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of a constant and variable <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field on the coagulation of human blood in vitro and in vivo</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Degen, I. L.; Plaksenko, V. Y.</p> <p>1974-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of constant and varying <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields on the coagulation of the blood was studied in experiments performed in vitro and vivo. In the in vitro tests it was found that a constant <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field with a strength of 100 or 200 oersteds <span class="hlt">influences</span> the coagulation of the blood, retarding it in some cases and speeding up the coagulation time in others. In the in vivo studies, both retarding and accelerating effects were likewise observed with respect to the coagulation of the blood, but the nature of the change was a function of the background. A normalizing effect of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field on the coagulation of the blood was observed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PlST...12..123Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PlST...12..123Z"><span>Effects of 13 T Static <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Fields (SMF) in the Cell <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> Distribution and Cell Viability in Immortalized Hamster Cells and Human Primary Fibroblasts Cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhao, Guoping; Chen, Shaopeng; Zhao, Ye; Zhu, Lingyan; Huang, Pei; Bao, Lingzhi; Wang, Jun; Wang, Lei; Wu, Lijun; Wu, Yuejin; Xu, An</p> <p>2010-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> resonance image (MRI) systems with a much higher <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux density were developed and applied for potential use in medical diagnostic. Recently, much attention has been paid to the biological effects of static, strong <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields (SMF). With the 13 T SMF facility in the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the present study focused on the cellular effects of the SMF with 13 T on the cell viability and the cell <span class="hlt">cycle</span> distribution in immortalized hamster cells, such as human-hamster hybrid (AL) cells, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, DNA double-strand break repair deficient mutant (XRS-5) cells, and human primary skin fibroblasts (AG1522) cells. It was found that the exposure of 13 T SMF had less effect on the colony formation in either nonsynchronized or synchronized AL cells. Moreover, as compared to non-exposed groups, there were slight differences in the cell <span class="hlt">cycle</span> distribution no matter in either synchronized or nonsynchronized immortalized hamster cells after exposure to 13 T SMF. However, it should be noted that the percentage of exposed AG1522 cells at G0/G1 phase was decreased by 10% as compared to the controls. Our data indicated that although 13 T SMF had minimal effects in immortalized hamster cells, the cell <span class="hlt">cycle</span> distribution was slightly modified by SMF in human primary fibroblasts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/865389','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/865389"><span>Low-temperature <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> refrigerator</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Barclay, John A.</p> <p>1985-01-01</p> <p>The disclosure is directed to a low temperature 4 to 20 K. refrigeration apparatus and method utilizing a ring of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> material moving through a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. Heat exchange is accomplished in and out of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field to appropriately utilize the device to execute Carnot and Stirling <span class="hlt">cycles</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22250817-influence-thermal-agitation-electric-field-induced-precessional-magnetization-reversal-perpendicular-easy-axis','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22250817-influence-thermal-agitation-electric-field-induced-precessional-magnetization-reversal-perpendicular-easy-axis"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of thermal agitation on the electric field induced precessional <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> reversal with perpendicular easy axis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Cheng, Hongguang, E-mail: chenghg7932@gmail.com; Deng, Ning</p> <p>2013-12-15</p> <p>We investigated the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of thermal agitation on the electric field induced precessional <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> switching probability with perpendicular easy axis by solving the Fokker-Planck equation numerically with finite difference method. The calculated results show that the thermal agitation during the reversal process crucially <span class="hlt">influences</span> the switching probability. The switching probability can be achieved is only determined by the thermal stability factor Δ of the free layer, it is independent on the device dimension, which is important for the high density device application. Ultra-low error rate down to the order of 10{sup −9} can be achieved for the device of thermalmore » stability factor Δ of 40. Low damping factor α material should be used for the free layer for high reliability device applications. These results exhibit potential of electric field induced precessional <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> switching with perpendicular easy axis for ultra-low power, high speed and high density <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> random access memory (MRAM) applications.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAP...123r5101B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAP...123r5101B"><span>Effects of hysteresis and Brayton <span class="hlt">cycle</span> constraints on magnetocaloric refrigerant performance</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brown, T. D.; Buffington, T.; Shamberger, P. J.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Despite promising proofs of concept, system-level implementation of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> refrigeration has been critically limited by history-dependent refrigerant losses that interact with governing thermodynamic <span class="hlt">cycles</span> to adversely impact refrigeration performance. Future development demands a more detailed understanding of how hysteresis limits performance, and of how different types of <span class="hlt">cycles</span> can mitigate these limitations, but without the extreme cost of experimental realization. Here, the utility of Brayton <span class="hlt">cycles</span> for <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> refrigeration is investigated via direct simulation, using a combined thermodynamic-hysteresis modeling framework to compute the path-dependent <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> and entropy of a model alloy for a variety of feasible Brayton <span class="hlt">cycles</span> between 0-1.5 T and 0-5 T. By simultaneously varying the model alloy's hysteresis properties and applying extensions of the thermodynamic laws to non-equilibrium systems, heat transfers and efficiencies are quantified throughout the space of hystereses and Brayton <span class="hlt">cycles</span> and then compared with a previous investigation using Ericsson <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. It is found that (1) hysteresis losses remain a critical obstacle to <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> refrigeration implementation, with efficiencies >80% in the model system requiring hysteresis <0.5 K at 1.5 T; (2) optimal-efficiency Brayton <span class="hlt">cycles</span> for given field and hysteresis constraints exist and are determined uniquely by the refrigerant transformation temperatures at the relevant fields; (3) for a given hysteresis and field constraint, Brayton and Ericsson-type <span class="hlt">cycles</span> generate similar efficiencies; for a given temperature span, Ericsson <span class="hlt">cycles</span> lift more heat per <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, with the difference decreasing with the refrigerant heat capacity outside the phase transformation region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18661208','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18661208"><span>The change in retentive force of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> attachment by abrasion.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Huang, Yuanjin; Tawada, Yasuyuki; Hata, Yoshiaki; Watanabe, Fumihiko</p> <p>2008-07-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Magnets</span> are frequently applied to removable dentures as retentive attachments. A <span class="hlt">magnet</span>-retained removable overdenture might be slightly shifted from side to side by eccentric movement in the mouth, and the surface of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> attachment may be worn as a result. However, the relationship between the retentive force of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> attachment and its surface abrasion has not been reported. The purpose of this research is to investigate this relationship. Ten Mgfit DX 400 <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> attachments for natural tooth roots were used for this experiment. The <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> attachments were embedded in autopolymerizing acrylic resin, and ten pairs of specimens were fabricated. A 5-mm repeated gliding motion was applied on each pair of specimens until 30 000, 50 000, or 90 000 <span class="hlt">cycles</span> had been achieved. The abrasion machine was under 5 kg loading, and the slide speed was 60 times/min. The retentive force of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> attachment was measured with a tension gauge at (1) before gliding; (2) after 30 000 gliding <span class="hlt">cycles</span>; (3)after 50 000 gliding <span class="hlt">cycles</span>; or (4) after 90 000 gliding <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. The average change of retentive force of ten <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> attachments after 30 000, 50 000, and 90 000 gliding <span class="hlt">cycles</span> was 0.016 N, 0.003 N, and -0.008 N, respectively. The change was statistically analyzed using a paired-sample t test, which showed that the number of gliding <span class="hlt">cycles</span> did not affect the retentive force of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> attachment significantly. The surface of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> attachment after gliding was observed by a microscope, and the abrasion of this attachment surface is clearly seen.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22392330','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22392330"><span><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> nanoparticles in <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> resonance imaging and diagnostics.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rümenapp, Christine; Gleich, Bernhard; Haase, Axel</p> <p>2012-05-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> nanoparticles are useful as contrast agents for <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> resonance imaging (MRI). Paramagnetic contrast agents have been used for a long time, but more recently superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) have been discovered to <span class="hlt">influence</span> MRI contrast as well. In contrast to paramagnetic contrast agents, SPIOs can be functionalized and size-tailored in order to adapt to various kinds of soft tissues. Although both types of contrast agents have a inducible <span class="hlt">magnetization</span>, their mechanisms of <span class="hlt">influence</span> on spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation of protons are different. A special emphasis on the basic <span class="hlt">magnetism</span> of nanoparticles and their structures as well as on the principle of nuclear <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> resonance is made. Examples of different contrast-enhanced <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> resonance images are given. The potential use of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles as diagnostic tracers is explored. Additionally, SPIOs can be used in diagnostic <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> resonance, since the spin relaxation time of water protons differs, whether <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles are bound to a target or not.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140012851','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140012851"><span>The <span class="hlt">Influence</span> of Free Space Environment in the Mission Life <span class="hlt">Cycle</span>: Material Selection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Edwards, David L.; Burns, Howard D.; de Groh, Kim K.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The natural space environment has a great <span class="hlt">influence</span> on the ability of space systems to perform according to mission design specification. Understanding the natural space environment and its <span class="hlt">influence</span> on space system performance is critical to the concept formulation, design, development, and operation of space systems. Compatibility with the natural space environment is a primary factor in determining the functional lifetime of the space system. Space systems being designed and developed today are growing in complexity. In many instances, the increased complexity also increases its sensitivity to space environmental effects. Sensitivities to the natural space environment can be tempered through appropriate design measures, material selection, ground processing, mitigation strategies, and/or the acceptance of known risks. The design engineer must understand the effects of the natural space environment on the space system and its components. This paper will discuss the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the natural space environment in the mission life <span class="hlt">cycle</span> with a specific focus on the role of material selection.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24266764','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24266764"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of Th2 cells on hair <span class="hlt">cycle</span>/growth after repeated cutaneous application of hapten.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sugita, K; Nomura, T; Ikenouchi-Sugita, A; Ito, T; Nakamura, M; Miyachi, Y; Tokura, Y; Kabashima, K</p> <p>2014-03-01</p> <p>Exposure to contact allergens in order to produce allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) seems to induce hair <span class="hlt">cycle</span>/growth, but the mechanism of this remains unclear. In the current study, we investigated this mechanism and found that repeated application of hapten induced production of interleukin (IL)-4 in lymph-node immune cells. In addition, hair growth was induced in mice after the adoptive transfer of T-helper (Th)2 cells that had been purified from mice exposed to repeated cutaneous application of hapten. These findings lead us to speculate that Th2 cells that are repeatedly hapten-sensitized are recruited to hapten-challenged skin areas, and thus stimulate the production of IL-4 in the vicinity of the hair follicles, which <span class="hlt">influences</span> hair <span class="hlt">cycle</span>/growth. Our results may provide fundamental insights into the mechanism of contact hypersensitivity-induced hair <span class="hlt">cycle</span>/growth. © 2013 British Association of Dermatologists.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20866739','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20866739"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of homogeneous <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields on the flow of a ferrofluid in the Taylor-Couette system.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Altmeyer, S; Hoffmann, Ch; Leschhorn, A; Lücke, M</p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>We investigate numerically the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of a homogeneous <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field on a ferrofluid in the gap between two concentric, independently rotating cylinders. The full Navier-Stokes equations are solved with a combination of a finite difference method and a Galerkin method. Structure, dynamics, symmetry properties, bifurcation, and stability behavior of different vortex structures are investigated for axial and transversal <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields, as well as combinations of them. We show that a transversal <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field modulates the Taylor vortex flow and the spiral vortex flow. Thus, a transversal <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field induces wavy structures: wavy Taylor vortex flow (wTVF) and wavy spiral vortex flow. In contrast to the classic wTVF, which is a secondarily bifurcating structure, these <span class="hlt">magnetically</span> generated wavy Taylor vortices are pinned by the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field, i.e., they are stationary and they appear via a primary forward bifurcation out of the basic state of circular Couette flow.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170010267','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170010267"><span>Early Estimation of Solar Activity <span class="hlt">Cycle</span>: Potential Capability and Limits</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kitiashvili, Irina N.; Collins, Nancy S.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The variable solar <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> activity known as the 11-year solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> has the longest history of solar observations. These <span class="hlt">cycles</span> dramatically affect conditions in the heliosphere and the Earth's space environment. Our current understanding of the physical processes that make up global solar dynamics and the dynamo that generates the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields is sketchy, resulting in unrealistic descriptions in theoretical and numerical models of the solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. The absence of long-term observations of solar interior dynamics and photospheric <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields hinders development of accurate dynamo models and their calibration. In such situations, mathematical data assimilation methods provide an optimal approach for combining the available observational data and their uncertainties with theoretical models in order to estimate the state of the solar dynamo and predict future <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. In this presentation, we will discuss the implementation and performance of an Ensemble Kalman Filter data assimilation method based on the Parker migratory dynamo model, complemented by the equation of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> helicity conservation and longterm sunspot data series. This approach has allowed us to reproduce the general properties of solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span> and has already demonstrated a good predictive capability for the current <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, 24. We will discuss further development of this approach, which includes a more sophisticated dynamo model, synoptic magnetogram data, and employs the DART Data Assimilation Research Testbed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/915551','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/915551"><span>Design considerations of a power supply system for fast <span class="hlt">cycling</span> superconducting accelerator <span class="hlt">magnets</span> of 2 Tesla b-field generated by a conductor of 100 kA current</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Hays, Steve; Piekarz, Henryk; Pfeffer, Howie</p> <p>2007-06-01</p> <p>Recently proposed fast <span class="hlt">cycling</span> accelerators for proton drivers (SF-SPS, CERN and SF-MR, SF-BOOSTER, FNAL) neutrino sources require development of new <span class="hlt">magnet</span> technology. In support of this <span class="hlt">magnet</span> development a power supply system will need to be developed that can support the high current and high rate of power swing required by the fast <span class="hlt">cycling</span> (1 sec rise and fall in the SF-MR, 5Hz in Booster). This paper will outline a design concept for a +/- 2000 V and 100,000 A fast ramping power supply system. This power supply design is in support of a 6.44 km <span class="hlt">magnet</span> system at 0.020more » H and 330 m 5 Hz, 0.00534 H superconducting loads. The design description will include the layout and plan for extending the present FNAL Main Injector style ramping power supply to the higher currents needed for this operation. This will also include the design for a harmonic filter and power factor corrector that will be needed to control the large power swings caused by the fast <span class="hlt">cycle</span> time. A conceptual design for the current regulation system and control will also be outlined. The power circuit design will include the bridge, filter and transformer plan based on existing designs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1913b0008P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1913b0008P"><span>Unsteady magnetohydrodynamics micropolar fluid in boundary layer flow past a sphere <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fluid</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pratomo, Rizky Verdyanto; Widodo, Basuki; Adzkiya, Dieky</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Research about fluid flow was very interesting because have a lot of advantages and it can be applied in many aspects of life. The study on fluid flow which is now widely studied is on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD). Magnetohydrodynamic is a conductive and electrical in a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. This paper considers the effect of unsteady <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields on the flow of magneto-hydrodynamic fluid on the boundary layer that flows past a sphere in micropolar fluid <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. Our approach is as follows. First, we construct a mathematical model and then the system of equations obtained will be solved numerically using the Keller-Box scheme. Then the system is simulated to assess its effect on the fluid flow velocity profile and the profile of microrotation particles. The result of this research indicates, that when the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> parameters increase, then velocity profile increases. If material parameters increase, then velocity profile decreases and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> parameters increase for n = 0. For n = 0.5, if <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> parameters increase, then microrotation profile decreases.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3969358','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3969358"><span>Temperature and Cyanobacterial Bloom Biomass <span class="hlt">Influence</span> Phosphorous <span class="hlt">Cycling</span> in Eutrophic Lake Sediments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Chen, Mo; Ye, Tian-Ran; Krumholz, Lee R.; Jiang, He-Long</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Cyanobacterial blooms frequently occur in freshwater lakes, subsequently, substantial amounts of decaying cyanobacterial bloom biomass (CBB) settles onto the lake sediments where anaerobic mineralization reactions prevail. Coupled Fe/S <span class="hlt">cycling</span> processes can <span class="hlt">influence</span> the mobilization of phosphorus (P) in sediments, with high releases often resulting in eutrophication. To better understand eutrophication in Lake Taihu (PRC), we investigated the effects of CBB and temperature on phosphorus <span class="hlt">cycling</span> in lake sediments. Results indicated that added CBB not only enhanced sedimentary iron reduction, but also resulted in a change from net sulfur oxidation to sulfate reduction, which jointly resulted in a spike of soluble Fe(II) and the formation of FeS/FeS2. Phosphate release was also enhanced with CBB amendment along with increases in reduced sulfur. Further release of phosphate was associated with increases in incubation temperature. In addition, CBB amendment resulted in a shift in P from the Fe-adsorbed P and the relatively unreactive Residual-P pools to the more reactive Al-adsorbed P, Ca-bound P and organic-P pools. Phosphorus <span class="hlt">cycling</span> rates increased on addition of CBB and were higher at elevated temperatures, resulting in increased phosphorus release from sediments. These findings suggest that settling of CBB into sediments will likely increase the extent of eutrophication in aquatic environments and these processes will be magnified at higher temperatures. PMID:24682039</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IAUGA..2258283A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IAUGA..2258283A"><span>Grand Minima and Equatorward Propagation in a <span class="hlt">Cycling</span> Stellar Convective Dynamo</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Augustson, Kyle C.; Brun, Allan Sacha; Miesch, Mark; Toomre, Juri</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>The 3-D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Anelastic Spherical Harmonic (ASH) code, using slope-limited diffusion, is employed to capture convective and dynamo processes achieved in a global-scale stellar convection simulation for a model solar-mass star rotating at three times the solar rate. The dynamo generated <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields possesses many time scales, with a prominent polarity <span class="hlt">cycle</span> occurring roughly every 6.2 years. The <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field forms large-scale toroidal wreaths, whose formation is tied to the low Rossby number of the convection in this simulation. The polarity reversals are linked to the weakened differential rotation and a resistive collapse of the large-scale <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. An equatorial migration of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field is seen, which is due to the strong modulation of the differential rotation rather than a dynamo wave. A poleward migration of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux from the equator eventually leads to the reversal of the polarity of the high-latitude <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. This simulation also enters an interval with reduced <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> energy at low latitudes lasting roughly 16 years (about 2.5 polarity <span class="hlt">cycles</span>), during which the polarity <span class="hlt">cycles</span> are disrupted and after which the dynamo recovers its regular polarity <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. An analysis of this grand minimum reveals that it likely arises through the interplay of symmetric and antisymmetric dynamo families. This intermittent dynamo state potentially results from the simulations relatively low <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> Prandtl number. A mean-field-based analysis of this dynamo simulation demonstrates that it is of the α-Ω type. The time scales that appear to be relevant to the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> polarity reversal are also identified.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApJ...809..149A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApJ...809..149A"><span>Grand Minima and Equatorward Propagation in a <span class="hlt">Cycling</span> Stellar Convective Dynamo</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Augustson, Kyle; Brun, Allan Sacha; Miesch, Mark; Toomre, Juri</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>The 3D MHD Anelastic Spherical Harmonic code, using slope-limited diffusion, is employed to capture convective and dynamo processes achieved in a global-scale stellar convection simulation for a model solar-mass star rotating at three times the solar rate. The dynamo-generated <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields possesses many timescales, with a prominent polarity <span class="hlt">cycle</span> occurring roughly every 6.2 years. The <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field forms large-scale toroidal wreaths, whose formation is tied to the low Rossby number of the convection in this simulation. The polarity reversals are linked to the weakened differential rotation and a resistive collapse of the large-scale <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. An equatorial migration of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field is seen, which is due to the strong modulation of the differential rotation rather than a dynamo wave. A poleward migration of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux from the equator eventually leads to the reversal of the polarity of the high-latitude <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. This simulation also enters an interval with reduced <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> energy at low latitudes lasting roughly 16 years (about 2.5 polarity <span class="hlt">cycles</span>), during which the polarity <span class="hlt">cycles</span> are disrupted and after which the dynamo recovers its regular polarity <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. An analysis of this grand minimum reveals that it likely arises through the interplay of symmetric and antisymmetric dynamo families. This intermittent dynamo state potentially results from the simulation’s relatively low <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> Prandtl number. A mean-field-based analysis of this dynamo simulation demonstrates that it is of the α-Ω type. The timescales that appear to be relevant to the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> polarity reversal are also identified.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22525557-grand-minima-equatorward-propagation-cycling-stellar-convective-dynamo','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22525557-grand-minima-equatorward-propagation-cycling-stellar-convective-dynamo"><span>GRAND MINIMA AND EQUATORWARD PROPAGATION IN A <span class="hlt">CYCLING</span> STELLAR CONVECTIVE DYNAMO</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Augustson, Kyle; Miesch, Mark; Brun, Allan Sacha</p> <p>2015-08-20</p> <p>The 3D MHD Anelastic Spherical Harmonic code, using slope-limited diffusion, is employed to capture convective and dynamo processes achieved in a global-scale stellar convection simulation for a model solar-mass star rotating at three times the solar rate. The dynamo-generated <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields possesses many timescales, with a prominent polarity <span class="hlt">cycle</span> occurring roughly every 6.2 years. The <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field forms large-scale toroidal wreaths, whose formation is tied to the low Rossby number of the convection in this simulation. The polarity reversals are linked to the weakened differential rotation and a resistive collapse of the large-scale <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. An equatorial migration of themore » <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field is seen, which is due to the strong modulation of the differential rotation rather than a dynamo wave. A poleward migration of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux from the equator eventually leads to the reversal of the polarity of the high-latitude <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. This simulation also enters an interval with reduced <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> energy at low latitudes lasting roughly 16 years (about 2.5 polarity <span class="hlt">cycles</span>), during which the polarity <span class="hlt">cycles</span> are disrupted and after which the dynamo recovers its regular polarity <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. An analysis of this grand minimum reveals that it likely arises through the interplay of symmetric and antisymmetric dynamo families. This intermittent dynamo state potentially results from the simulation’s relatively low <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> Prandtl number. A mean-field-based analysis of this dynamo simulation demonstrates that it is of the α-Ω type. The timescales that appear to be relevant to the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> polarity reversal are also identified.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PPCF...60f5004K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PPCF...60f5004K"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flutter on tearing growth in linear and nonlinear theory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kreifels, L.; Hornsby, W. A.; Weikl, A.; Peeters, A. G.</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Recent simulations of tearing modes in turbulent regimes show an unexpected enhancement in the growth rate. In this paper the effect is investigated analytically. The enhancement is linked to the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of turbulent <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flutter, which is modelled by diffusion terms in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) momentum balance and Ohm’s law. Expressions for the linear growth rate as well as the island width in nonlinear theory for small amplitudes are derived. The results indicate an enhanced linear growth rate and a larger linear layer width compared with resistive MHD. Also the island width in the nonlinear regime grows faster in the diffusive model. These observations correspond well to simulations in which the effect of turbulence on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> island width and tearing mode growth is analyzed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22398778-influence-controlled-surface-oxidation-magnetic-anisotropy-co-ultrathin-films','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22398778-influence-controlled-surface-oxidation-magnetic-anisotropy-co-ultrathin-films"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of controlled surface oxidation on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> anisotropy of Co ultrathin films</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Di, N.; Maroun, F., E-mail: fouad.maroun@polytechnique.fr; Allongue, P.</p> <p>2015-03-23</p> <p>We studied the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of controlled surface-limited oxidation of electrodeposited epitaxial Co(0001)/Au(111) films on their <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> anisotropy energy using real time in situ magneto optical Kerr effect and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We investigated the Co first electrochemical oxidation step which we demonstrate to be completely reversible and determined the structure of this oxide layer. We show that the interface <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> anisotropy of the Co film increases by 0.36 erg/cm{sup 2} upon Co surface oxidation. We performed DFT calculations to determine the different surface structures in a wide potential range as well as the charge transfer at the Co surface.more » Our results suggest that the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> anisotropy change is correlated with a positive charge increase of 0.54 e{sup −} for the Co surface atom upon oxidation.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25616140','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25616140"><span>Modeling the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of genetic and environmental variation on the expression of plant life <span class="hlt">cycles</span> across landscapes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Burghardt, Liana T; Metcalf, C Jessica E; Wilczek, Amity M; Schmitt, Johanna; Donohue, Kathleen</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>Organisms develop through multiple life stages that differ in environmental tolerances. The seasonal timing, or phenology, of life-stage transitions determines the environmental conditions to which each life stage is exposed and the length of time required to complete a generation. Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to phenological variation, yet predicting their combined effect on life <span class="hlt">cycles</span> across a geographic range remains a challenge. We linked submodels of the plasticity of individual life stages to create an integrated model that predicts life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> phenology in complex environments. We parameterized the model for Arabidopsis thaliana and simulated life <span class="hlt">cycles</span> in four locations. We compared multiple "genotypes" by varying two parameters associated with natural genetic variation in phenology: seed dormancy and floral repression. The model predicted variation in life <span class="hlt">cycles</span> across locations that qualitatively matches observed natural phenology. Seed dormancy had larger effects on life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> length than floral repression, and results suggest that a genetic cline in dormancy maintains a life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> length of 1 year across the geographic range of this species. By integrating across life stages, this approach demonstrates how genetic variation in one transition can <span class="hlt">influence</span> subsequent transitions and the geographic distribution of life <span class="hlt">cycles</span> more generally.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20108661','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20108661"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of driving <span class="hlt">cycles</span> on exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of gasoline passenger car in Bangkok.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nutramon, Tamsanya; Supachart, Chungpaibulpatana</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of different driving <span class="hlt">cycles</span> on their exhaust emissions and fuel consumption rate of gasoline passenger car was investigated in Bangkok based on the actual measurements obtained from a test vehicle driving on a standard chassis dynamometer. A newly established Bangkok driving <span class="hlt">cycle</span> (BDC) and the European driving <span class="hlt">cycle</span> (EDC) which is presently adopted as the legislative <span class="hlt">cycle</span> for testing automobiles registered in Thailand were used. The newly developed BDC is constructed using the driving characteristic data obtained from the real on-road driving tests along selected traffic routes. A method for selecting appropriate road routes for real driving tests is also introduced. Variations of keyed driving parameters of BDC with different driving <span class="hlt">cycles</span> were discussed. The results showed that the HC and CO emission factors of BDC are almost two and four times greater than those of EDC, respectively. Although the difference in the NOx emission factor is small, the value from BDC is still greater than that of EDC by 10%. Under BDC, the test vehicle consumes fuel about 25% more than it does under EDC. All these differences are mainly attributed to the greater proportion of idle periods and higher fluctuations of vehicle speed in the BDC <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. This result indicated that the exhausted emissions and fuel consumption of vehicles obtained from tests under the legislative modal-type driving <span class="hlt">cycle</span> (EDC) are significantly different from those actually produced under real traffic conditions especially during peak periods.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28954940','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28954940"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of the number of <span class="hlt">cycles</span> on shear fatigue strength of resin composite bonded to enamel and dentin using dental adhesives in self-etching mode.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tsujimoto, Akimasa; Barkmeier, Wayne W; Erickson, Robert L; Takamizawa, Toshiki; Latta, Mark A; Miyazaki, Masashi</p> <p>2018-01-30</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the number of <span class="hlt">cycles</span> on shear fatigue strength to enamel and dentin using dental adhesives in self-etch mode was investigated. A two-step self-etch adhesive and two universal adhesives were used to bond to enamel and dentin in self-etch mode. Initial shear bond strength and shear fatigue strength to enamel and dentin using the adhesive in self-etch mode were determined. Fatigue testing was used with 20 Hz frequency and <span class="hlt">cycling</span> periods of 50,000, 100,000 and 1,000,000 <span class="hlt">cycles</span>, or until failure occurred. For each of the <span class="hlt">cycling</span> periods, there was no significant difference in shear fatigue strength across the <span class="hlt">cycling</span> periods for the individual adhesives. Differences in shear fatigue strength were found between the adhesives within the <span class="hlt">cycling</span> periods. Regardless of the adhesive used in self-etch mode for bonding to enamel or dentin, shear fatigue strength was not <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by the number of <span class="hlt">cycles</span> used for shear fatigue strength testing.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AcAau..98..163M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AcAau..98..163M"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of seasonal <span class="hlt">cycles</span> in Martian atmosphere on entry, descent and landing sequence</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marčeta, Dušan; Šegan, Stevo; Rašuo, Boško</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>The phenomena like high eccentricity of Martian orbit, obliquity of the orbital plane and close alignment of the winter solstice and the orbital perihelion, separately or together can significantly alter not only the level of some Martian atmospheric parameters but also the characteristics of its diurnal and seasonal <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. Considering that entry, descent and landing (EDL) sequence is mainly driven by the density profile of the atmosphere and aerodynamic characteristic of the entry vehicle. We have performed the analysis of the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the seasonal <span class="hlt">cycles</span> of the atmospheric parameters on EDL profiles by using Mars Global Reference Atmospheric Model (Mars-GRAM). Since the height of the deployment of the parachute and the time passed from the deployment to propulsion firing (descent time) are of crucial importance for safe landing and the achievable landing site elevation we paid special attention to the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the areocentric longitude of the Sun (Ls) on these variables. We have found that these variables have periodic variability with respect to Ls and can be very well approximated with a sine wave function whose mean value depends only on the landing site elevation while the amplitudes and phases depend only on the landing site latitude. The amplitudes exhibit behavior which is symmetric with respect to the latitude but the symmetry is shifted from the equator to the northern mid-tropics. We have also noticed that the strong temperature inversions which are usual for middle and higher northern latitudes while Mars is around its orbital perihelion significantly alter the descent time without <span class="hlt">influencing</span> the height of the parachute deployment. At last, we applied our model to determine the dependence of the accessible landing region on Ls and found that this region reaches maximum when Mars is around the orbital perihelion and can vary 50° in latitude throughout the Martian year.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28605248','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28605248"><span>Noncircular Chainrings Do Not <span class="hlt">Influence</span> Maximum <span class="hlt">Cycling</span> Power.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Leong, Chee-Hoi; Elmer, Steven J; Martin, James C</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Noncircular chainrings could increase <span class="hlt">cycling</span> power by prolonging the powerful leg extension/flexion phases, and curtailing the low-power transition phases. We compared maximal <span class="hlt">cycling</span> power-pedaling rate relationships, and joint-specific kinematics and powers across 3 chainring eccentricities (CON = 1.0; LOW ecc  = 1.13; HIGH ecc  = 1.24). Part I: Thirteen cyclists performed maximal inertial-load <span class="hlt">cycling</span> under 3 chainring conditions. Maximum <span class="hlt">cycling</span> power and optimal pedaling rate were determined. Part II: Ten cyclists performed maximal isokinetic <span class="hlt">cycling</span> (120 rpm) under the same 3 chainring conditions. Pedal and joint-specific powers were determined using pedal forces and limb kinematics. Neither maximal <span class="hlt">cycling</span> power nor optimal pedaling rate differed across chainring conditions (all p > .05). Peak ankle angular velocity for HIGH ecc was less than CON (p < .05), while knee and hip angular velocities were unaffected. Self-selected ankle joint-center trajectory was more eccentric than HIGH ecc with an opposite orientation that increased velocity during extension/flexion and reduced velocity during transitions. Joint-specific powers did not differ across chainring conditions, with a small increase in power absorbed during ankle dorsiflexion with HIGH ecc . Multiple degrees of freedom in the leg, crank, and pedal system allowed cyclists to manipulate ankle angular velocity to maintain their preferred knee and hip actions, suggesting maximizing extension/flexion and minimizing transition phases may be counterproductive for maximal power.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002ChPhy..11...66L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002ChPhy..11...66L"><span><span class="hlt">Magnetization</span> reversal mechanism of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> tunnel junctions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Liu, Cun-Ye; Li, Jian; Wang, Yue; Chen, Jian-Yong; Xu, Qing-Yu; Ni, Gang; Sang, Hai; Du, You-Wei</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>Using the ion-beam-sputtering technique, we have fabricated Fe/Al2O3/Fe <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> tunnelling junctions (MTJs). We have observed double-peaked shapes of curves, which have a level summit and a symmetrical feature, showing the magnetoresistance of the junction as a function of applied field. We have measured the tunnel conductance of MTJs which have insulating layers of different thicknesses. We have studied the dependence of the magnetoresistance of MTJs on tunnel conductance. The microstructures of hard- and soft-<span class="hlt">magnetic</span> layers and interfaces of ferromagnets and insulators were probed. Analysing the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of MJT microstructures, including those having clusters or/and granules in <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> and non-<span class="hlt">magnetic</span> films, a <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> reversal mechanism (MRM) is proposed, which suggests that the MRM of tunnelling junctions may be explained by using a group-by-group reversal model of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> moments of the mesoscopical particles. We discuss the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of MTJ microstructures, including those with clusters or/and granules in the ferromagnetic and non-<span class="hlt">magnetic</span> films, on the MRM.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA490160','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA490160"><span>Microstructural <span class="hlt">Influences</span> on Very High <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> Fatigue Crack Initiation in Ti-6246 (PREPRINT)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2008-04-01</p> <p>surface (in degrees). Facet # 1 2 3 4 5a 5b 6 7 8 9 Angle 46 45 39 19 26 35 33 31 32 21 Table II. Orientation of facets (in degrees). Facet # 1* 2 3 4 ...TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) April 2008 Journal Article Preprint 4 . TITLE AND SUBTITLE MICROSTRUCTURAL <span class="hlt">INFLUENCES</span> ON VERY HIGH <span class="hlt">CYCLE</span>...FATIGUE CRACK INITIATION IN Ti-6246 (PREPRINT) 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER In-house 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 62102F 6 . AUTHOR(S</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAP...122n5302J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAP...122n5302J"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field on evaporation of a ferrofluid droplet</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jadav, Mudra; Patel, R. J.; Mehta, R. V.</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>This paper reports the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the static <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field on the evaporation of a ferrofluid droplet placed on a plane glass substrate. A water based ferrofluid drop is allowed to dry under ambient conditions. Like all other fluids, this fluid also exhibits well-known coffee ring patterns under zero field conditions. This pattern is shown to be modulated by applying the static <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. When the field is applied in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the substrate, the thickness of the ring decreases with an increase in the field, and under a critical value of the field, the coffee-ring effect is suppressed. For the parallel field configuration, linear chains parallel to the plane of the substrate are observed. The effect of the field on the evaporation rate and temporal variation of the contact angle is also studied. The results are analyzed in light of available models. These findings may be useful in applications like ink-jet printing, lithography, and painting and display devices involving ferrofluids.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JMMM..383..272I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JMMM..383..272I"><span>Low temperature structural transitions in dipolar hard spheres: The <span class="hlt">influence</span> on <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ivanov, A. O.; Kantorovich, S. S.; Rovigatti, L.; Tavares, J. M.; Sciortino, F.</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p>We investigate the structural chain-to-ring transition at low temperature in a gas of dipolar hard spheres (DHS). Due to the weakening of entropic contribution, ring formation becomes noticeable when the effective dipole-dipole <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> interaction increases. It results in the redistribution of particles from usually observed flexible chains into flexible rings. The concentration (ρ) of DHS plays a crucial part in this transition: at a very low ρ only chains and rings are observed, whereas even a slight increase of the volume fraction leads to the formation of branched or defect structures. As a result, the fraction of DHS aggregated in defect-free rings turns out to be a non-monotonic function of ρ. The average ring size is found to be a slower increasing function of ρ when compared to that of chains. Both theory and computer simulations confirm the dramatic <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the ring formation on the ρ-dependence of the initial <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> susceptibility (χ) when the temperature decreases. The rings due to their zero total dipole moment are irresponsive to a weak <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field and drive to the strong decrease of the initial <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> susceptibility.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10096801','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10096801"><span>Life <span class="hlt">cycle</span> and reproduction of house-dust mites: environmental factors <span class="hlt">influencing</span> mite populations.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hart, B J</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>An understanding of the life <span class="hlt">cycle</span> of house-dust mites, as well as environmental factors <span class="hlt">influencing</span> mite populations, can be exploited in mite control. The most important limiting factor for house-dust-mite populations is air humidity. House-dust mites osmoregulate through the cuticle and therefore require a high ambient air humidity to prevent excessive water loss. In addition, the supracoxal glands actively take up ambient water vapour, and the protonynph stage of the life <span class="hlt">cycle</span> is resistant to desiccation. Larger house-dust-mite populations are found when the absolute indoor air humidity is above 7 g/kg (45% relative humidity at 20 degrees C). Consequently, ventilation by air-conditioning systems is being developed as a means of control. A number of other aspects of the domestic environment are also being manipulated in an integrated approach to render the habitat less suitable for mites. The potential exists for developing models for house-dust mite populations, environmental characteristics, and the effects of various approaches to control.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JCrGr.484...78L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JCrGr.484...78L"><span>Numerical study of melt flow under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of heater-generating <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field during directional solidification of silicon ingots</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Zaoyang; Qi, Xiaofang; Liu, Lijun; Zhou, Genshu</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>The alternating current (AC) in the resistance heater for generating heating power can induce a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field in the silicon melt during directional solidification (DS) of silicon ingots. We numerically study the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of such a heater-generating <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field on the silicon melt flow and temperature distribution in an industrial DS process. 3D simulations are carried out to calculate the Lorentz force distribution as well as the melt flow and heat transfer in the entire DS furnace. The pattern and intensity of silicon melt flow as well as the temperature distribution are compared for cases with and without Lorentz force. The results show that the Lorentz force induced by the heater-generating <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field is mainly distributed near the top and side surfaces of the silicon melt. The melt flow and temperature distribution, especially those in the upper part of the silicon region, can be <span class="hlt">influenced</span> significantly by the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AdSpR..34.1566B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AdSpR..34.1566B"><span>Biological effects due to weak <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field on plants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Belyavskaya, N. A.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Throughout the evolution process, Earth's <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field (MF, about 50 μT) was a natural component of the environment for living organisms. Biological objects, flying on planned long-term interplanetary missions, would experience much weaker <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields, since galactic MF is known to be 0.1-1 nT. However, the role of weak <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields and their <span class="hlt">influence</span> on functioning of biological organisms are still insufficiently understood, and is actively studied. Numerous experiments with seedlings of different plant species placed in weak <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field have shown that the growth of their primary roots is inhibited during early germination stages in comparison with control. The proliferative activity and cell reproduction in meristem of plant roots are reduced in weak <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. Cell reproductive <span class="hlt">cycle</span> slows down due to the expansion of G 1 phase in many plant species (and of G 2 phase in flax and lentil roots), while other phases of cell <span class="hlt">cycle</span> remain relatively stabile. In plant cells exposed to weak <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field, the functional activity of genome at early pre-replicate period is shown to decrease. Weak <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field causes intensification of protein synthesis and disintegration in plant roots. At ultrastructural level, changes in distribution of condensed chromatin and nucleolus compactization in nuclei, noticeable accumulation of lipid bodies, development of a lytic compartment (vacuoles, cytosegresomes and paramural bodies), and reduction of phytoferritin in plastids in meristem cells were observed in pea roots exposed to weak <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. Mitochondria were found to be very sensitive to weak <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field: their size and relative volume in cells increase, matrix becomes electron-transparent, and cristae reduce. Cytochemical studies indicate that cells of plant roots exposed to weak <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field show Ca 2+ over-saturation in all organelles and in cytoplasm unlike the control ones. The data presented suggest that prolonged exposures of plants to weak</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1204688-influence-charge-magnetic-order-polaron-acoustic-phonon-dynamics-lufe2o4','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1204688-influence-charge-magnetic-order-polaron-acoustic-phonon-dynamics-lufe2o4"><span>The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of charge and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> order on polaron and acoustic phonon dynamics in LuFe 2O 4</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Lee, J.; Trugman, S. A.; Zhang, C. L.; ...</p> <p>2015-07-27</p> <p>Femtosecond optical pump-probe spectroscopy is used to reveal the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of charge and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> order on polarondynamics and coherent acoustic phonon oscillations in single crystals of charge-ordered, ferrimagnetic LuFe 2O 4. We experimentally observed the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> order on polarondynamics. We also observed a correlation between charge order and the amplitude of the acoustic phonon oscillations, due to photoinduced changes in the lattice constant that originate from the photoexcited electrons. As a result, this provides insight into the general behavior of coherent acoustic phonon oscillations in charge-ordered materials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22214343','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22214343"><span>The female menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span> does not <span class="hlt">influence</span> testosterone concentrations in male partners.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Strom, Jakob O; Ingberg, Edvin; Druvefors, Emma; Theodorsson, Annette; Theodorsson, Elvar</p> <p>2012-01-03</p> <p>The time of ovulation has since long been believed to be concealed to male heterosexual partners. Recent studies have, however, called for revision of this notion. For example, male testosterone concentrations have been shown to increase in response to olfactory ovulation cues, which could be biologically relevant by increasing sexual drive and aggressiveness. However, this phenomenon has not previously been investigated in real-life human settings. We therefore thought it of interest to test the hypothesis that males' salivary testosterone concentrations are <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by phases of their female partners' menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span>; expecting a testosterone peak at ovulation. Thirty young, healthy, heterosexual couples were recruited. During the course of 30-40 days, the women registered menses and ovulation, while the men registered sexual activity, physical exercise, alcohol intake and illness (confounders), and obtained daily saliva samples for testosterone measurements. All data, including the registered confounders, were subjected to multiple regression analysis. In contrast to the hypothesis, the ovulation did not affect the testosterone levels, and the resulting testosterone profile during the menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span> was on the average flat. The specific main hypothesis, that male testosterone levels on the day of ovulation would be higher than day 4 of the <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, was clearly contradicted by a type II error(β)-analysis (< 14.3% difference in normalized testosterone concentration; β = 0.05). Even though an ovulation-related salivary testosterone peak was observed in individual cases, no significant effect was found on a group level.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27919216','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27919216"><span>Topoisomerase II Inhibitors and Poisons, and the <span class="hlt">Influence</span> of Cell <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> Checkpoints.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>D Arcy, Nicholas; Gabrielli, Brian</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Interactions between the decatenation checkpoint and Topoisomerase II (TopoII) are vital for maintaining integrity of the genome. Agents that target this enzyme have been in clinical use in cancer therapy for over 30 years with great success. The types of compounds that have been developed to target TopoII are broadly divided into poisons and catalytic inhibitors. The TopoII poisons are in clinical use as anti-cancer therapies, although in common to most chemotherapeutic agents, they display considerable normal tissue toxicity. Inhibition of the TopoIIb isoform has been implicated in this cytotoxicity. Response to TopoII active agents is determined by several factors, but cell <span class="hlt">cycle</span> checkpoints play a large role in sensitivity and resistance. The G2/M phase checkpoints are of particular importance in considering the effectiveness of these drugs and are reviewed in this article. Functionality of the ATM dependent decatenation checkpoint may represent a new avenue for selective cancer therapy. Here we review the function of TopoII, the anti-cancer mechanisms and limitations of current catalytic inhibitors and poisons, and their <span class="hlt">influence</span> on cell <span class="hlt">cycle</span> checkpoints. We will also assess potential new mechanisms for targeting this enzyme to limit normal tissue toxicity, and how the cell <span class="hlt">cycle</span> checkpoint triggered by these drugs may provide an alternative and possibly better target for novel therapies. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3269376','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3269376"><span>The female menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span> does not <span class="hlt">influence</span> testosterone concentrations in male partners</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Background The time of ovulation has since long been believed to be concealed to male heterosexual partners. Recent studies have, however, called for revision of this notion. For example, male testosterone concentrations have been shown to increase in response to olfactory ovulation cues, which could be biologically relevant by increasing sexual drive and aggressiveness. However, this phenomenon has not previously been investigated in real-life human settings. We therefore thought it of interest to test the hypothesis that males' salivary testosterone concentrations are <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by phases of their female partners' menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span>; expecting a testosterone peak at ovulation. Methods Thirty young, healthy, heterosexual couples were recruited. During the course of 30-40 days, the women registered menses and ovulation, while the men registered sexual activity, physical exercise, alcohol intake and illness (confounders), and obtained daily saliva samples for testosterone measurements. All data, including the registered confounders, were subjected to multiple regression analysis. Results In contrast to the hypothesis, the ovulation did not affect the testosterone levels, and the resulting testosterone profile during the menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span> was on the average flat. The specific main hypothesis, that male testosterone levels on the day of ovulation would be higher than day 4 of the <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, was clearly contradicted by a type II error(β)-analysis (< 14.3% difference in normalized testosterone concentration; β = 0.05). Conclusions Even though an ovulation-related salivary testosterone peak was observed in individual cases, no significant effect was found on a group level. PMID:22214343</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26392273','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26392273"><span>Comparison of the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of age on <span class="hlt">cycling</span> efficiency and the energy cost of running in well-trained triathletes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Peiffer, Jeremiah; Abbiss, Chris R; Sultana, Frederic; Bernard, Thierry; Brisswalter, Jeanick</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Locomotive efficiency is cited as an important component to endurance performance; however, inconsistent observations of age-related changes in efficiency question its <span class="hlt">influence</span> in the performance of masters athletes. This study examined locomotive efficiency in young and masters triathletes during both a run and <span class="hlt">cycle</span> test. Twenty young (28.5 ± 2.6 years) and 20 masters (59.8 ± 1.3 years) triathletes completed an incremental <span class="hlt">cycling</span> and running test to determine maximal aerobic consumption (VO2max) and the first ventilatory threshold (VT1). Participants then completed 10-min submaximal running and <span class="hlt">cycling</span> tests at VT1 during which locomotive efficiency was calculated from expired ventilation. Additionally, body fat percentage was determined using skin-fold assessment. During the <span class="hlt">cycle</span> and run, VO2max was lower in the masters (48.3 ± 5.4 and 49.6 ± 4.8 ml kg(-1) min(-1), respectively) compared with young (61.6 ± 5.7 and 62.4 ± 5.2 ml kg(-1) min(-1), respectively) cohort. Maximal running speed and the <span class="hlt">cycling</span> power output corresponding to VO2max were also lower in the masters (15.1 ± 0.8 km h(-1) and 318.6 ± 26.0 W) compared with the young (19.5 ± 1.3 km h(-1) and 383.6 ± 35.0 W) cohort. <span class="hlt">Cycling</span> efficiency was lower (-11.2%) in the masters compared with young cohort. Similar results were observed for the energy cost of running (+10.8%); however, when scaled to lean body mass, changes were more pronounced during the run (+22.1%). Within trained triathletes, ageing can <span class="hlt">influence</span> efficiency in both the run and <span class="hlt">cycle</span> discipline. While disregarded in the past, efficiency should be considered in research examining performance in ageing athletes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SoPh..292..167N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SoPh..292..167N"><span>The Effect of "Rogue" Active Regions on the Solar <span class="hlt">Cycle</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nagy, Melinda; Lemerle, Alexandre; Labonville, François; Petrovay, Kristóf; Charbonneau, Paul</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>The origin of <span class="hlt">cycle-to-cycle</span> variations in solar activity is currently the focus of much interest. It has recently been pointed out that large individual active regions with atypical properties can have a significant impact on the long-term behavior of solar activity. We investigate this possibility in more detail using a recently developed 2×2D dynamo model of the solar <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. We find that even a single "rogue" bipolar <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> region (BMR) in the simulations can have a major effect on the further development of solar activity <span class="hlt">cycles</span>, boosting or suppressing the amplitude of subsequent <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. In extreme cases, an individual BMR can completely halt the dynamo, triggering a grand minimum. Rogue BMRs also have the potential to induce significant hemispheric asymmetries in the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. To study the effect of rogue BMRs in a more systematic manner, a series of dynamo simulations were conducted, in which a large test BMR was manually introduced in the model at various phases of <span class="hlt">cycles</span> of different amplitudes. BMRs emerging in the rising phase of a <span class="hlt">cycle</span> can modify the amplitude of the ongoing <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, while BMRs emerging in later phases will only affect subsequent <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. In this model, the strongest effect on the subsequent <span class="hlt">cycle</span> occurs when the rogue BMR emerges around <span class="hlt">cycle</span> maximum at low latitudes, but the BMR does not need to be strictly cross-equatorial. Active regions emerging as far as 20° from the equator can still have a significant effect. We demonstrate that the combined effect of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux, tilt angle, and polarity separation of the BMR on the dynamo is via their contribution to the dipole moment, δ D_{BMR}. Our results indicate that prediction of the amplitude, starting epoch, and duration of a <span class="hlt">cycle</span> requires an accurate accounting of a broad range of active regions emerging in the previous <span class="hlt">cycle</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5740115','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5740115"><span>Active <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> regenerator</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Barclay, J.A.; Steyert, W.A.</p> <p>1981-01-27</p> <p>An apparatus and method for refrigeration are disclosed which provides efficient refrigeration over temperature ranges in excess of 20/sup 0/C and which requires no maintenance and is, therefore, usable on an unmanned satellite. The apparatus comprises a superconducting <span class="hlt">magnet</span> which may be solenoidal. A piston comprising a substance such as a rare earth substance which is maintained near its Curie temperature reciprocates through the bore of the solenoidal <span class="hlt">magnet</span>. A <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> drive rod is connected to the piston and appropriate heat sinks are connected thereto. The piston is driven by a suitable mechanical drive such as an electric motor and cam. In practicing the invention, the body of the piston is <span class="hlt">magnetized</span> and demagnetized as it moves through the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field of the solenoid to approximate any of the following <span class="hlt">cycles</span> or a condition thereof as well as, potentially, other <span class="hlt">cycles</span>: Brayton, Carnot, Ericsson, and Stirling. Advantages of the present invention include: that refrigeration can be accomplished over at least a 20/sup 0/C scale at superconducting temperatures as well as at more conventional temperatures; very high efficiency, high reliability, and small size. (LCL)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhaTr..90.1112J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhaTr..90.1112J"><span>Dendrimer-<span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanostructure: a Monte Carlo simulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jabar, A.; Masrour, R.</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>In this paper, the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of ternary mixed spins (σ,S,q) Ising model on a dendrimer nanostructure are studied using Monte Carlo simulations. The ground state phase diagrams of dendrimer nanostructure with ternary mixed spins σ = 1/2, S = 1 and q = 3/2 Ising model are found. The variation of the thermal total and partial <span class="hlt">magnetizations</span> with the different exchange interactions, the external <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields and the crystal fields have been also studied. The reduced critical temperatures have been deduced. The <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> hysteresis <span class="hlt">cycles</span> have been discussed. In particular, the corresponding <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> coercive filed values have been deduced. The multiples hysteresis <span class="hlt">cycles</span> are found. The dendrimer nanostructure has several applications in the medicine.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27941894','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27941894"><span>Klein tunneling in Weyl semimetals under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yesilyurt, Can; Tan, Seng Ghee; Liang, Gengchiau; Jalil, Mansoor B A</p> <p>2016-12-12</p> <p>Klein tunneling refers to the absence of normal backscattering of electrons even under the case of high potential barriers. At the barrier interface, the perfect matching of electron and hole wavefunctions enables a unit transmission probability for normally incident electrons. It is theoretically and experimentally well understood in two-dimensional relativistic materials such as graphene. Here we investigate the Klein tunneling effect in Weyl semimetals under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field induced by ferromagnetic stripes placed at barrier boundaries. Our results show that the resonance of Fermi wave vector at specific barrier lengths gives rise to perfect transmission rings, i.e., three-dimensional analogue of the so-called magic transmission angles in two-dimensional Dirac semimetals. Besides, the transmission profile can be shifted by application of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field in the central region, a property which may be utilized in electro-optic applications. When the applied potential is close to the Fermi level, a particular incident vector can be selected by tuning the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field, thus enabling highly selective transmission of electrons in the bulk of Weyl semimetals. Our analytical and numerical calculations obtained by considering Dirac electrons in three regions and using experimentally feasible parameters can pave the way for relativistic tunneling applications in Weyl semimetals.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19800021766','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19800021766"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> pressure on stellar structure: A Mechanism for solar variability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Schatten, K. H.; Endal, A. S.</p> <p>1980-01-01</p> <p>A physical mechanism is proposed that couples the Sun's dynamo <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field to its gravitational potential energy. The mechanism involves the isotropic field pressure resulting in a lifting force on the convective envelope, thereby raising its potential energy. Decay of the field due to solar activity allows the envelop to subside and releases this energy, which can augment the otherwise steady solar luminosity. Equations are developed and applied to the Sun for several field configurations. The best estimate model suggests that uniform luminosity variations as large as 0.02% for half a sunspot <span class="hlt">cycle</span> may occur. Brief temporal variations or the rotation of spatial structures could allow larger excursions in the energy released.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PhRvB..79s5206G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PhRvB..79s5206G"><span><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> anisotropy in (Ga,Mn)As: <span class="hlt">Influence</span> of epitaxial strain and hole concentration</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Glunk, M.; Daeubler, J.; Dreher, L.; Schwaiger, S.; Schoch, W.; Sauer, R.; Limmer, W.; Brandlmaier, A.; Goennenwein, S. T. B.; Bihler, C.; Brandt, M. S.</p> <p>2009-05-01</p> <p>We present a systematic study on the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of epitaxial strain and hole concentration on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> anisotropy in (Ga,Mn)As at 4.2 K. The strain was gradually varied over a wide range from tensile to compressive by growing a series of (Ga,Mn)As layers with 5% Mn on relaxed graded (In,Ga)As/GaAs templates with different In concentration. The hole density, the Curie temperature, and the relaxed lattice constant of the as-grown and annealed (Ga,Mn)As layers turned out to be essentially unaffected by the strain. Angle-dependent magnetotransport measurements performed at different <span class="hlt">magnetic</span>-field strengths were used to probe the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> anisotropy. The measurements reveal a pronounced linear dependence of the uniaxial out-of-plane anisotropy on both strain and hole density. Whereas the uniaxial and cubic in-plane anisotropies are nearly constant, the cubic out-of-plane anisotropy changes sign when the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> easy axis flips from in-plane to out-of-plane. The experimental results for the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> anisotropy are quantitatively compared with calculations of the free energy based on a mean-field Zener model. Almost perfect agreement between experiment and theory is found for the uniaxial out-of-plane and cubic in-plane anisotropy parameters of the as-grown samples. In addition, magnetostriction constants are derived from the anisotropy data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11600242','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11600242"><span>The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of gender and the estrous <span class="hlt">cycle</span> on learned helplessness in the rat.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jenkins, J A; Williams, P; Kramer, G L; Davis, L L; Petty, F</p> <p>2001-11-01</p> <p>Although the etiology of clinical depression is unknown, women are more likely to suffer from major depressive disorder than men. In addition, in some women, there is a clear association between depression and specific phases of the menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. Surprisingly little research has examined gender differences and the <span class="hlt">influences</span> of the estrous <span class="hlt">cycle</span> in this and other animal behavioral models of clinical depression. Learned helplessness is a valid animal model of stress-induced behavioral depression in which prior exposure to inescapable stress produces deficits in escape testing. Learned helplessness was studied in rats using an inescapable tail shock stress followed by a shuttle box test to determine escape latencies. Animals with mean escape latencies of >or=20 s after shuttle-box testing are defined as learned helpless. Males and normal <span class="hlt">cycling</span> female rats in the estrus and diestrus II phases were studied. Female rats in the diestrus II phase had significantly higher escape latencies and exhibited a more helpless behavior than female rats in the estrus phase. Male rat escape latencies were intermediate between the two female phases. These results suggest a role for gonadal hormones in the development of stress-induced behavioral depression or 'learned helplessness.'</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040161165&hterms=Solar+still&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3DSolar%2Bstill','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040161165&hterms=Solar+still&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3DSolar%2Bstill"><span>How Large Scale Flows in the Solar Convection Zone may <span class="hlt">Influence</span> Solar Activity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hathaway, D. H.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Large scale flows within the solar convection zone are the primary drivers of the Sun s <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> activity <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. Differential rotation can amplify the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field and convert poloidal fields into toroidal fields. Poleward meridional flow near the surface can carry <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux that reverses the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> poles and can convert toroidal fields into poloidal fields. The deeper, equatorward meridional flow can carry <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux toward the equator where it can reconnect with oppositely directed fields in the other hemisphere. These axisymmetric flows are themselves driven by large scale convective motions. The effects of the Sun s rotation on convection produce velocity correlations that can maintain the differential rotation and meridional circulation. These convective motions can <span class="hlt">influence</span> solar activity themselves by shaping the large-scale <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field pattern. While considerable theoretical advances have been made toward understanding these large scale flows, outstanding problems in matching theory to observations still remain.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PhPl....8...23O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PhPl....8...23O"><span>Observation of the limit <span class="hlt">cycle</span> in asymmetric plasma divided by a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> filter</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ohi, Kazuo; Naitou, Hiroshi; Tauchi, Yasushi; Fukumasa, Osamu</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>An asymmetric plasma divided by a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> filter is numerically simulated by the one-dimensional particle-in-cell code VSIM1D [Koga et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 68, 1578 (1999)]. Depending on the asymmetry, the system behavior is static or dynamic. In the static state, the potentials of the main plasma and the subplasma are given by the sheath potentials, φM˜3TMe/e and φS˜3TSe/e, respectively, with e being an electron charge and TMe and TSe being electron temperatures (TMe>TSe). In the dynamic state, while φM˜3TMe/e, φS oscillates periodically between φS,min˜3TSe/e and φS,max˜3TMe/e. The ions accelerated by the time varying potential gap get into the subplasma and excite the laminar shock waves. The period of the limit <span class="hlt">cycle</span> is determined by the transit time of the shock wave structure.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006SuScT..19..618Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006SuScT..19..618Z"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of the surface <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field of a cylindrical permanent <span class="hlt">magnet</span> on the maximum levitation force in high-Tc superconductors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhao, Xian-Feng; Liu, Yuan</p> <p>2006-06-01</p> <p>In this paper we present the dependence of the maximum levitation force (FzMax) of a high-Tc superconductor on the surface <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field (Bs) of a cylindrical permanent <span class="hlt">magnet</span>, based on the Bean critical state model and Ampère's law. A transition point of Bs is found at which the relation between FzMax and Bs changes: while the surface <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field is less than the transition point the dependence is subjected to a nonlinear function, otherwise it is a linear one. The two different relations are estimated to correspond to partial penetration of the shielding currents in the interior of the superconductor below the transition point and complete penetration above it, respectively. Furthermore, the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the geometrical properties of superconductors on the transition point of Bs is discussed, which shows a quadratic polynomial function between the transition points and the radii and the thickness of superconductors. Some optimum contours of the transition point of Bs are presented in order to achieve large levitation forces.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19995668','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19995668"><span>Deep <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> capture of <span class="hlt">magnetically</span> loaded cells for spatially targeted therapeutics.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Huang, Zheyong; Pei, Ning; Wang, Yanyan; Xie, Xinxing; Sun, Aijun; Shen, Li; Zhang, Shuning; Liu, Xuebo; Zou, Yunzeng; Qian, Juying; Ge, Junbo</p> <p>2010-03-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> targeting has recently demonstrated potential in promoting <span class="hlt">magnetically</span> loaded cell delivery to target lesion, but its application is limited by <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> attenuation. For deep <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> capture of cells for spatial targeting therapeutics, we designed a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> pole, in which the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field density can be focused at a distance from the pole. As flowing through a tube served as a model of blood vessels, the <span class="hlt">magnetically</span> loaded mesenchymal stem cells (MagMSCs) were highly enriched at the site distance from the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> pole. The cell capture efficiency was positively <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux density, and inversely <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by the flow velocity, and well-fitted with the deductive value by theoretical considerations. It appeared to us that the spatially-focused property of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> apparatus promises a new deep targeting strategy to promote homing and engraftment for cellular therapy. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000AtmEn..34.4621J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000AtmEn..34.4621J"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of driving <span class="hlt">cycles</span> on unit emissions from passenger cars</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Joumard, R.; André, M.; Vidon, R.; Tassel, P.; Pruvost, C.</p> <p></p> <p>Small samples of petrol engine or diesel cars, equipped with or without catalysts, were tested over 36 driving <span class="hlt">cycles</span> divided into four categories - standard <span class="hlt">cycles</span> and three sets of <span class="hlt">cycles</span> more representative of real-world driving conditions. The tests addressed standard gaseous pollutants and fuel consumption and also less frequently measured pollutant such as CH 4. In the first part of this paper we examine cold emissions in order to assess the duration of the cold start impact and the representativity of the cold ECE15 <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. Then unit emissions are compared over the four driving <span class="hlt">cycle</span> families. As compared to representative <span class="hlt">cycles</span>, the standardised <span class="hlt">cycles</span> underestimate hot emissions by almost 50% for petrol engine cars and 30% for diesel vehicles. Conversely, the results obtained for the three representative <span class="hlt">cycle</span> families are in relatively close agreement with each other - within approximately 10%. However, the cinematic properties of the three families differ. Finally, we demonstrate that weighting all emission data equally, not taking into account the weight of each <span class="hlt">cycle</span> in overall traffic, introduces significant biases, particularly when plotting emission vs. average speed curves.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150007899','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150007899"><span>Anomalous Expansion of Coronal Mass Ejections During Solar <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> 24 and Its Space Weather Implications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gopalswamy, Nat; Akiyama, Sachiko; Yashiro, Seiji; Xie, Hong; Makela, Pertti; Michalek, Grzegorz</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The familiar correlation between the speed and angular width of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is also found in solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 24, but the regression line has a larger slope: for a given CME speed, <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 24 CMEs are significantly wider than those in <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23. The slope change indicates a significant change in the physical state of the heliosphere, due to the weak solar activity. The total pressure in the heliosphere (<span class="hlt">magnetic</span> + plasma) is reduced by approximately 40%, which leads to the anomalous expansion of CMEs explaining the increased slope. The excess CME expansion contributes to the diminished effectiveness of CMEs in producing <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> storms during <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 24, both because the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> content of the CMEs is diluted and also because of the weaker ambient fields. The reduced <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field in the heliosphere may contribute to the lack of solar energetic particles accelerated to very high energies during this <span class="hlt">cycle</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017A%26A...607L...2I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017A%26A...607L...2I"><span>Improvement of solar-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> prediction: Plateau of solar axial dipole moment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Iijima, H.; Hotta, H.; Imada, S.; Kusano, K.; Shiota, D.</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Aims: We report the small temporal variation of the axial dipole moment near the solar minimum and its application to the solar-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> prediction by the surface flux transport (SFT) model. Methods: We measure the axial dipole moment using the photospheric synoptic magnetogram observed by the Wilcox Solar Observatory (WSO), the ESA/NASA Solar and Heliospheric Observatory Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI), and the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory Helioseismic and <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Imager (HMI). We also use the SFT model for the interpretation and prediction of the observed axial dipole moment. Results: We find that the observed axial dipole moment becomes approximately constant during the period of several years before each <span class="hlt">cycle</span> minimum, which we call the axial dipole moment plateau. The cross-equatorial <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux transport is found to be small during the period, although a significant number of sunspots are still emerging. The results indicate that the newly emerged <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux does not contribute to the build up of the axial dipole moment near the end of each <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. This is confirmed by showing that the time variation of the observed axial dipole moment agrees well with that predicted by the SFT model without introducing new emergence of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux. These results allow us to predict the axial dipole moment at the <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> 24/25 minimum using the SFT model without introducing new flux emergence. The predicted axial dipole moment at the <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> 24/25 minimum is 60-80 percent of <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> 23/24 minimum, which suggests the amplitude of <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> 25 is even weaker than the current <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> 24. Conclusions: The plateau of the solar axial dipole moment is an important feature for the longer-term prediction of the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> based on the SFT model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ARep...47..953O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ARep...47..953O"><span>Global Solar Magnetology and Reference Points of the Solar <span class="hlt">Cycle</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Obridko, V. N.; Shelting, B. D.</p> <p>2003-11-01</p> <p>The solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> can be described as a complex interaction of large-scale/global and local <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields. In general, this approach agrees with the traditional dynamo scheme, although there are numerous discrepancies in the details. Integrated <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> indices introduced earlier are studied over long time intervals, and the epochs of the main reference points of the solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span> are refined. A hypothesis proposed earlier concerning global magnetometry and the natural scale of the <span class="hlt">cycles</span> is verified. Variations of the heliospheric <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field are determined by both the integrated photospheric i(B r )ph and source surface i(B r )ss indices, however, their roles are different. Local fields contribute significantly to the photospheric index determining the total increase in the heliospheric <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. The i(B r )ss index (especially the partial index ZO, which is related to the quasi-dipolar field) determines narrow extrema. These integrated indices supply us with a “passport” for reference points, making it possible to identify them precisely. A prominent dip in the integrated indices is clearly visible at the <span class="hlt">cycle</span> maximum, resulting in the typical double-peak form (the Gnevyshev dip), with the succeeding maximum always being higher than the preceding maximum. At the source surface, this secondary maximum significantly exceeds the primary maximum. Using these index data, we can estimate the progression expected for the 23rd <span class="hlt">cycle</span> and predict the dates of the ends of the 23rd and 24th <span class="hlt">cycles</span> (the middle of 2007 and December 2018, respectively).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=230277&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=technology+AND+history&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=230277&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=technology+AND+history&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>How does complex terrain <span class="hlt">influence</span> responses of carbon and water <span class="hlt">cycle</span> processes to climate variability and climate change?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>We are pursuing the ambitious goal of understanding how complex terrain <span class="hlt">influences</span> the responses of carbon and water <span class="hlt">cycle</span> processes to climate variability and climate change. Our studies take place in H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, an LTER (Long Term Ecological Research) site...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSH12A..05G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSH12A..05G"><span>Hemispheric Patterns in Electric Current Helicity of Solar <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Fields During Solar <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> 24: Results from SOLIS, SDO and Hinode</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gusain, S.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>We study the hemispheric patterns in electric current helicity distribution on the Sun. <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> field vector in the photosphere is now routinely measured by variety of instruments. SOLIS/VSM of NSO observes full disk Stokes spectra in photospheric lines which are used to derive vector magnetograms. Hinode SP is a space based spectropolarimeter which has the same observable as SOLIS albeit with limited field-of-view (FOV) but high spatial resolution. SDO/HMI derives vector magnetograms from full disk Stokes measurements, with rather limited spectral resolution, from space in a different photospheric line. Further, these datasets now exist for several years. SOLIS/VSM from 2003, Hinode SP from 2006, and SDO HMI since 2010. Using these time series of vector magnetograms we compute the electric current density in active regions during solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 24 and study the hemispheric distributions. Many studies show that the helicity parameters and proxies show a strong hemispheric bias, such that Northern hemisphere has preferentially negative and southern positive helicity, respectively. We will confirm these results for <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 24 from three different datasets and evaluate the statistical significance of the hemispheric bias. Further, we discuss the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> variation in the hemispheric helicity pattern during <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 24 and discuss its implications in terms of solar dynamo models.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/34118','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/34118"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of moisture regime and tree species composition on nitrogen <span class="hlt">cycling</span> dynamics in hardwood forests of Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky, USA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Eric S. Fabio; Mary A. Arthur; Charles C. Rhoades</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Understanding how natural factors interact across the landscape to <span class="hlt">influence</span> nitrogen (N) <span class="hlt">cycling</span> is an important focus in temperate forests because of the great inherent variability in these forests. Site-specific attributes, including local topography, soils, and vegetation, can exert important controls on N processes and retention. Seasonal monitoring of N <span class="hlt">cycling</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1572312','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1572312"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of gender and the oestrous <span class="hlt">cycle</span> on in vitro contractile responses of the rat urinary bladder to cholinergic stimulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Longhurst, Penelope A; Levendusky, Mark</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>Experiments were done to determine the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of gender and the oestrous <span class="hlt">cycle</span> on rat urinary bladder contractility in response to cholinergic stimulation. Bladder strips from female rats responded to high frequency stimulation with smaller contractile responses than did strips from males, and to low concentrations of carbachol with greater responses. The decreased responsiveness of bladder strips from female rats to electrical field stimulation can be primarily attributed to the rats in the oestrous stage of the oestrous <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. Bladder strips from female rats in all stages of the oestrous <span class="hlt">cycle</span> were more sensitive to carbachol than those from males, but there were no differences in sensitivity to electrical field stimulation. The contractile responses of strips from both male and female rats to carbachol were antagonized by muscarinic antagonists with the following rank order of affinity (pA2) estimates: 4-DAMP>>pirenzepine>methoctramine, suggesting that the receptor mediating contraction was the M3 subtype. There were no differences in pA2 values between bladder strips from male and female rats. The data indicate that responsiveness of bladder strips to electrical field stimulation and carbachol is altered in female rats in the oestrous stage of the oestrous <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. Furthermore, gender <span class="hlt">influences</span> the sensitivity of rat bladder to muscarinic stimulation. PMID:10991909</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMNS24A..04A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMNS24A..04A"><span><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> susceptibility as a proxy for the hydrobiogeochemical <span class="hlt">cycling</span> of iron within the water table fluctuation zone at hydrocarbon contaminated sites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Atekwana, E. A.; Enright, A.; Atekwana, E. A.; Beaver, C. L.; Rossbach, S.; Slater, L. D.; Ntarlagiannis, D.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Sharp redox gradients are indicative of enhanced biogeochemical activity and occur at or near the water table. Hydrologic forcing drives changes in redox state and oxygen levels, enhancing the elemental <span class="hlt">cycling</span> of metals, and coupling different biogeochemical <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. These coupled hydrobiogeochemical <span class="hlt">cycles</span> are often difficult to study in the field using geochemical and microbial proxies because of direct sampling limitations, the costs associated with these techniques, and because the dynamic nature of these processes complicates the interpretation of single time point measurements, which may not give accurate representations of prevailing conditions. Geophysical techniques can provide both the spatial and temporal resolution needed to elucidate these processes. Here we investigated the use of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> susceptibility (c) as a viable proxy for understanding the biogeochemical <span class="hlt">cycling</span> of iron at several hydrocarbon contaminated sites where active intrinsic bioremediation is occurring. We performed borehole c logging using a Bartington c probe in the field as well as made c measurements on core samples retrieved from the field sites. Our results show the following: (1) in both sulfate-rich and sulfate-poor aquifers, excursions in c are coincident with zones of free product contamination and are limited to the water table fluctuation (smear) zone; (2) c values within the free product plume and contamination source zones are higher compared to values within the dissolved product plume; (3) high c coincides with zones of elevated Fe (II) and Fe (III) concentrations extracted from aquifer solids; and (4) the mixed valence magnetite and greigite were the dominant <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> minerals. The c excursions are limited to the water table fluctuation zones because fluctuating water level conditions are hot beds for microbial activity due to the steep hydrocarbon and nutrients and consequently redox gradients. High water levels during periods of recharge favor anaerobic conditions</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26592011','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26592011"><span>[Modeling the <span class="hlt">Influencing</span> Factors of Karstification and Karst Carbon <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> in Laboratory].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhao, Rui-yi; Lü, Xian-fu; Duan, Yi-fan</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>To analyze the <span class="hlt">influencing</span> factors of karstification and karst carbon <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, a simulation experiment was carried out and 6 soil columns were designed. The results showed that the content of H2O4, hydrodynamic condition and thickness of the soil had important <span class="hlt">influence</span> on karstification and karst carbon <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. For the soil columns which were covered by the same thickness of soil, the concentrations of Ca2+ + Mg2+ and SO4(2-) followed the order of B20-2 > B20-1 > B20-3, B50-2 > B50-1 > B50-3. This meant that input of H2SO4 enhanced the karstification and increasing infiltration water had significant dilution effect on the chemical properties. For the soil columns with different thickness of soil but with the same slag pile and hydrodynamic conditions, the concentrations of Ca2+ + Mg2+ and SO4(2-) followed the order of B50-1 > B20-1, B50-2 > B20-2, B50-3 > B20-3. It was demonstrated that more carbonate rock was dissolved under the thick soil columns. In addition, the net consumption of CO2 mainly depended on the content of H2SO4 in this experiment due to slight contribution of H2CO3 to carbonate rock dissolution. More content of H2SO4 brought about less net consumption of C02, but B50-2 was an exception. Organic matter and other nutrients might be input into deep soil with the slag pile, and they promoted the production of soil C)2. Therefore, more CO2 was consumed due to the increased contribution of H2CO to karstification.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27664581','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27664581"><span>Functional <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Resonance Imaging with Concurrent Urodynamic Testing Identifies Brain Structures Involved in Micturition <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Khavari, Rose; Karmonik, Christof; Shy, Michael; Fletcher, Sophie; Boone, Timothy</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, which is common in patients with multiple sclerosis, has a significant impact on quality of life. In this study we sought to determine brain activity processes during the micturition <span class="hlt">cycle</span> in female patients with multiple sclerosis and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. We report brain activity on functional <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> resonance imaging and simultaneous urodynamic testing in 23 ambulatory female patients with multiple sclerosis. Individual functional <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> resonance imaging activation maps at strong desire to void and at initiation of voiding were calculated and averaged at Montreal Neuroimaging Institute. Areas of significant activation were identified in these average maps. Subgroup analysis was performed in patients with elicitable neurogenic detrusor overactivity or detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. Group analysis of all patients at strong desire to void yielded areas of activation in regions associated with executive function (frontal gyrus), emotional regulation (cingulate gyrus) and motor control (putamen, cerebellum and precuneus). Comparison of the average change in activation between previously reported healthy controls and patients with multiple sclerosis showed predominantly stronger, more focal activation in the former and lower, more diffused activation in the latter. Patients with multiple sclerosis who had demonstrable neurogenic detrusor overactivity and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia showed a trend toward distinct brain activation at full urge and at initiation of voiding respectively. We successfully studied brain activation during the entire micturition <span class="hlt">cycle</span> in female patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction and multiple sclerosis using a concurrent functional <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> resonance imaging/urodynamic testing platform. Understanding the central neural processes involved in specific parts of micturition in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction may identify areas</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AIPC.1593..189B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AIPC.1593..189B"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of mold surface temperature on polymer part warpage in rapid heat <span class="hlt">cycle</span> molding</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Berger, G. R.; Pacher, G. A.; Pichler, A.; Friesenbichler, W.; Gruber, D. P.</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Dynamic mold surface temperature control was examined for its <span class="hlt">influence</span> on the warpage. A test mold, featuring two different rapid heat <span class="hlt">cycle</span> molding (RHCM) technologies was used to manufacture complex plate-shaped parts having different ribs, varying thin-wall regions, and both, circular and rectangular cut-outs. The mold's nozzle side is equipped with the areal heating and cooling technology BFMOLD®, where the heating/cooling channels are replaced by a ball-filled slot near the cavity surface flooded through with hot and cold water sequentially. Two local electrical ceramic heating elements are installed into the mold's ejection side. Based on a 23 full-factorial design of experiments (DoE) plan, varying nozzle temperature (Tnozzle), rapid heat <span class="hlt">cycle</span> molding temperature (TRHCM) and holding pressure (pn), specimens of POM were manufactured systematically. Five specimens were examined per DoE run. The resulting warpage was measured at 6 surface line scans per part using the non-contact confocal topography system FRT MicroProf®. Two warpage parameters were calculated, the curvature of a 2nd order approximation a, and the vertical deflection at the profile center d. Both, the <span class="hlt">influence</span> strength and the acting direction of the process parameters and their interactions on a and d were calculated by statistical analysis. Linear mathematical process models were determined for a and d to predict the warpage as a function of the process parameter settings. Finally, an optimum process setting was predicted, based on the process models and Microsoft Excel GRG solver. Clear and significant <span class="hlt">influences</span> of TRHCM, pn, Tnozzle, and the interaction of TRHCM and pn were determined. While TRHCM was dominant close to the gate, pn became more effective as the flow length increased.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMSH51B4155D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMSH51B4155D"><span>Solar-<span class="hlt">Cycle</span> Variability of Magnetosheath Fluctuations at Earth and Venus</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dwivedi, N. K.; Narita, Y.; Kovacs, P.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>The magnetosheath is a region between the bow-shock and magnetopause and the magnetosheath plasma is mostly in the turbulent state. In the present investigation we put an effort to closely examine the magnetosheath fluctuations dependency on the solar-<span class="hlt">cycles</span> (solar-maximum and solar minimum) at the <span class="hlt">magnetized</span> planetary body (Earth) and their comparison with the un-<span class="hlt">magnetized</span> planetary body (Venus) for the solar minimum. We use the CLUSTER FGM data for the solar-maximum (2001-2002), solar-minimum (2006-2008) and Venus fluxgate magnetometer data for the solar-minimum (2006-2008) to perform a comparative statistical study on the energy spectra and probability density function (PDF) and asses the spectral features of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fluctuations of the both planetary bodies. In the comparison we study the relation between the inertial ranges of the spectra and the temporal scales of non-Gaussian <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fluctuations derived from PDF analyses. The first can refer to turbulent cascade dynamics, while the latter may indicate intermittency. We first transformed the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field data into mean field aligned coordinate system with respect to the large-scale <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field direction and then after we compute the power spectral density with the help of Welch algorithm. The computed energy spectra of Earth's magnetosheath show a moderate variability with the solar-<span class="hlt">cycles</span> and have a broader inertial range. However the estimated energy spectra for the solar-minimum at Venus give the clear evidence of the existence of the break point in the vicinity of the ion gyroradius. After the break-point the energy spectra become steeper and show a distinctive spectral scales which is interpreted as the realization of the begging of the energy cascade. We also briefly address the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of turbulence on the plasma transport and wave dynamics responsible for the spectral break and predict spectral features of the energy spectra for the solar-maximum at Venus based on the results obtained</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JNR....15.1798A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JNR....15.1798A"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of film thickness on topology and related <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> interactions in Fe nanoparticle films</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ausanio, G.; Iannotti, V.; Amoruso, S.; Bruzzese, R.; Wang, X.; Aruta, C.; Arzeo, M.; Lanotte, L.</p> <p>2013-08-01</p> <p>Fe nanoparticle (NP)-assembled thin films with different thickness were prepared by femtosecond-pulsed laser deposition using different deposition times. The proper selection of the deposition time allows to control, to a certain degree, the morphology and topology of the deposited Fe nanoparticles (NPs) assembly, fostering non-uniform dense assemblies of NPs, with the consequent reduction of the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the exchange interactions on the macroscopic <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties with decreasing thickness. The <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> behavior of the Fe NP-assembled films with decreasing thickness is characterized by higher coercive field ( H c) values (a factor ≈4.5) and a good compromise between the hysteresis loops squareness and moderate exchange interactions, strongly correlated with the NPs topology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS.994a2014T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS.994a2014T"><span>The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of high pressure to crystalline and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> structure of Ba 2 FeMoO 6</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Turchenko, V. A.; Kalanda, N. A.; Kovalev, L. V.; Yarmolich, M. V.; Petrov, A. V.; Lukin, Ye V.; Doroshkevich, A. S.; Balasoiu, M.; Lupu, N.; Savenko, B. N.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The behavior of the crystalline and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> structure of Ba 2 FeMoO 6 compound in a wide pressure range from 0 to 4.7 GPa was studied. The crystal structure of ceramic sample was described in the framework of SG I4/mmm (No 139) and contains less 10% of anti-site defects. The change of tetragonal structure (I4/mmm) was not observed in all measured pressure range. It was shown multidirectional <span class="hlt">influence</span> of ambient pressure onto the average interionic distances of metal-ligand in oxygen octahedrons of FeO 6 and MoO 6. For tetragonal structure of Ba 2 FeMoO 6 were determined coefficients of the linear and all-round compressibility. The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of ambient pressure on the value of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> moment of iron sublattice was shown.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=333427','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=333427"><span>Peripheral nerve <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> stimulation: <span class="hlt">influence</span> of tissue non-homogeneity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Krasteva, Vessela TZ; Papazov, Sava P; Daskalov, Ivan K</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>Background Peripheral nerves are situated in a highly non-homogeneous environment, including muscles, bones, blood vessels, etc. Time-varying <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field stimulation of the median and ulnar nerves in the carpal region is studied, with special consideration of the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of non-homogeneities. Methods A detailed three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) of the anatomy of the wrist region was built to assess the induced currents distribution by external <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> stimulation. The electromagnetic field distribution in the non-homogeneous domain was defined as an internal Dirichlet problem using the finite element method. The boundary conditions were obtained by analysis of the vector potential field excited by external current-driven coils. Results The results include evaluation and graphical representation of the induced current field distribution at various stimulation coil positions. Comparative study for the real non-homogeneous structure with anisotropic conductivities of the tissues and a mock homogeneous media is also presented. The possibility of achieving selective stimulation of either of the two nerves is assessed. Conclusion The model developed could be useful in theoretical prediction of the current distribution in the nerves during diagnostic stimulation and therapeutic procedures involving electromagnetic excitation. The errors in applying homogeneous domain modeling rather than real non-homogeneous biological structures are demonstrated. The practical implications of the applied approach are valid for any arbitrary weakly conductive medium. PMID:14693034</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25201905','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25201905"><span>Impaired in vivo mitochondrial Krebs <span class="hlt">cycle</span> activity after myocardial infarction assessed using hyperpolarized <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> resonance spectroscopy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dodd, Michael S; Atherton, Helen J; Carr, Carolyn A; Stuckey, Daniel J; West, James A; Griffin, Julian L; Radda, George K; Clarke, Kieran; Heather, Lisa C; Tyler, Damian J</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of heart failure. An increasing body of evidence links alterations in cardiac metabolism and mitochondrial function with the progression of heart disease. The aim of this work was to, therefore, follow the in vivo mitochondrial metabolic alterations caused by MI, thereby allowing a greater understanding of the interplay between metabolic and functional abnormalities. Using hyperpolarized carbon-13 ((13)C)-<span class="hlt">magnetic</span> resonance spectroscopy, in vivo alterations in mitochondrial metabolism were assessed for 22 weeks after surgically induced MI with reperfusion in female Wister rats. One week after MI, there were no detectable alterations in in vivo cardiac mitochondrial metabolism over the range of ejection fractions observed (from 28% to 84%). At 6 weeks after MI, in vivo mitochondrial Krebs <span class="hlt">cycle</span> activity was impaired, with decreased (13)C-label flux into citrate, glutamate, and acetylcarnitine, which correlated with the degree of cardiac dysfunction. These changes were independent of alterations in pyruvate dehydrogenase flux. By 22 weeks, alterations were also seen in pyruvate dehydrogenase flux, which decreased at lower ejection fractions. These results were confirmed using in vitro analysis of enzyme activities and metabolomic profiles of key intermediates. The in vivo decrease in Krebs <span class="hlt">cycle</span> activity in the 6-week post-MI heart may represent an early maladaptive phase in the metabolic alterations after MI in which reductions in Krebs <span class="hlt">cycle</span> activity precede a reduction in pyruvate dehydrogenase flux. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism in heart disease are progressive and proportional to the degree of cardiac impairment. © 2014 American Heart Association, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4450075','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4450075"><span>Impaired In Vivo Mitochondrial Krebs <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> Activity After Myocardial Infarction Assessed Using Hyperpolarized <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Resonance Spectroscopy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Carr, Carolyn A.; Stuckey, Daniel J.; West, James A.; Griffin, Julian L.; Radda, George K.; Clarke, Kieran; Heather, Lisa C.; Tyler, Damian J.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Background Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of heart failure. An increasing body of evidence links alterations in cardiac metabolism and mitochondrial function with the progression of heart disease. The aim of this work was to, therefore, follow the in vivo mitochondrial metabolic alterations caused by MI, thereby allowing a greater understanding of the interplay between metabolic and functional abnormalities. Methods and Results Using hyperpolarized carbon-13 (13C)-<span class="hlt">magnetic</span> resonance spectroscopy, in vivo alterations in mitochondrial metabolism were assessed for 22 weeks after surgically induced MI with reperfusion in female Wister rats. One week after MI, there were no detectable alterations in in vivo cardiac mitochondrial metabolism over the range of ejection fractions observed (from 28% to 84%). At 6 weeks after MI, in vivo mitochondrial Krebs <span class="hlt">cycle</span> activity was impaired, with decreased 13C-label flux into citrate, glutamate, and acetylcarnitine, which correlated with the degree of cardiac dysfunction. These changes were independent of alterations in pyruvate dehydrogenase flux. By 22 weeks, alterations were also seen in pyruvate dehydrogenase flux, which decreased at lower ejection fractions. These results were confirmed using in vitro analysis of enzyme activities and metabolomic profiles of key intermediates. Conclusions The in vivo decrease in Krebs <span class="hlt">cycle</span> activity in the 6-week post-MI heart may represent an early maladaptive phase in the metabolic alterations after MI in which reductions in Krebs <span class="hlt">cycle</span> activity precede a reduction in pyruvate dehydrogenase flux. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism in heart disease are progressive and proportional to the degree of cardiac impairment. PMID:25201905</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/42867','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/42867"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of Cutting <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> and Spacing on Coppice Sycamore Yield</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>H. E. Kennedy</p> <p>1975-01-01</p> <p>Cutting <span class="hlt">cycle</span> significantly affected total aboveground dry-weight yields, which were greater with the 2-, 3-, and 4-year <span class="hlt">cycles</span> than with the I-year. For all cutting <span class="hlt">cycles</span>, significantly higher yields were obtained with 2- by 5-foot spacings than with 4 by 5. Dry-weight yields ranged from 3,229 pounds per acre per year for the I-year cutting <span class="hlt">cycle</span> spaced at 4 by 5...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SoPh..291.3777L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SoPh..291.3777L"><span>A Possible Cause of the Diminished Solar Wind During the Solar <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> 23 - 24 Minimum</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Liou, Kan; Wu, Chin-Chun</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Interplanetary <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field and solar wind plasma density observed at 1 AU during Solar <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> 23 - 24 (SC-23/24) minimum were significantly smaller than those during its previous solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> (SC-22/23) minimum. Because the Earth's orbit is embedded in the slow wind during solar minimum, changes in the geometry and/or content of the slow wind region (SWR) can have a direct <span class="hlt">influence</span> on the solar wind parameters near the Earth. In this study, we analyze solar wind plasma and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field data of hourly values acquired by Ulysses. It is found that the solar wind, when averaging over the first (1995.6 - 1995.8) and third (2006.9 - 2008.2) Ulysses' perihelion ({˜} 1.4 AU) crossings, was about the same speed, but significantly less dense ({˜} 34 %) and cooler ({˜} 20 %), and the total <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field was {˜} 30 % weaker during the third compared to the first crossing. It is also found that the SWR was {˜} 50 % wider in the third ({˜} 68.5^deg; in heliographic latitude) than in the first ({˜} 44.8°) solar orbit. The observed latitudinal increase in the SWR is sufficient to explain the excessive decline in the near-Earth solar wind density during the recent solar minimum without speculating that the total solar output may have been decreasing. The observed SWR inflation is also consistent with a cooler solar wind in the SC-23/24 than in the SC-22/23 minimum. Furthermore, the ratio of the high-to-low latitude photospheric <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field (or equatorward <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> pressure force), as observed by the Mountain Wilson Observatory, is smaller during the third than the first Ulysses' perihelion orbit. These findings suggest that the smaller equatorward <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> pressure at the Sun may have led to the latitudinally-wider SRW observed by Ulysses in SC-23/24 minimum.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26956997','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26956997"><span>Model of THz <span class="hlt">Magnetization</span> Dynamics.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bocklage, Lars</p> <p>2016-03-09</p> <p><span class="hlt">Magnetization</span> dynamics can be coherently controlled by THz laser excitation, which can be applied in ultrafast <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> control and switching. Here, transient <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> dynamics are calculated for excitation with THz <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field pulses. We use the ansatz of Smit and Beljers, to formulate dynamic properties of the <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> via partial derivatives of the samples free energy density, and extend it to solve the Landau-Lifshitz-equation to obtain the THz transients of the <span class="hlt">magnetization</span>. The model is used to determine the <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> response to ultrafast multi- and single-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> THz pulses. Control of the <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> trajectory by utilizing the THz pulse shape and polarization is demonstrated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24871329','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24871329"><span>Muskie Lunacy: does the lunar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> <span class="hlt">influence</span> angler catch of muskellunge (Esox masquinongy)?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Vinson, Mark R; Angradi, Ted R</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>We analyzed angling catch records for 341,959 muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) from North America to test for a cyclic lunar <span class="hlt">influence</span> on the catch. Using periodic regression, we showed that the number caught was strongly related to the 29-day lunar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, and the effect was consistent across most fisheries. More muskellunge were caught around the full and new moon than at other times. At night, more muskellunge were caught around the full moon than the new moon. The predicted maximum relative effect was ≈5% overall. Anglers fishing exclusively on the peak lunar day would, on average, catch 5% more muskellunge than anglers fishing on random days. On some lakes and at night, the maximum relative effect was higher. We obtained angler effort data for Wisconsin, Mille Lacs (MN), and Lake Vermilion (MN). For Lake Vermilion there was a significant effect of the lunar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> on angler effort. We could therefore not conclude that the lunar effect on catch was due to an effect on fish behavior alone. Several factors affected the amount of variation explained by the lunar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. The lunar effect was stronger for larger muskellunge (>102 cm) than for smaller fish, stronger in midsummer than in June or October, and stronger for fish caught at high latitudes (>48°N) than for fish caught further south. There was no difference in the lunar effect between expert and novice muskellunge anglers. We argue that this variation is evidence that the effect of the lunar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> on catch is mediated by biological factors and is not due solely to angler effort and reflects lunar synchronization in feeding. This effect has been attributed to variation among moon phases in lunar illumination, but our results do not support that hypothesis for angler-caught muskellunge.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70111081','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70111081"><span>Muskie lunacy: does the lunar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> <span class="hlt">influence</span> angler catch of muskellunge (Esox masquinongy)?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Vinson, Mark R.; Angradi, Ted R.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>We analyzed angling catch records for 341,959 muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) from North America to test for a cyclic lunar <span class="hlt">influence</span> on the catch. Using periodic regression, we showed that the number caught was strongly related to the 29-day lunar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, and the effect was consistent across most fisheries. More muskellunge were caught around the full and new moon than at other times. At night, more muskellunge were caught around the full moon than the new moon. The predicted maximum relative effect was ≈5% overall. Anglers fishing exclusively on the peak lunar day would, on average, catch 5% more muskellunge than anglers fishing on random days. On some lakes and at night, the maximum relative effect was higher. We obtained angler effort data for Wisconsin, Mille Lacs (MN), and Lake Vermilion (MN). For Lake Vermilion there was a significant effect of the lunar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> on angler effort. We could therefore not conclude that the lunar effect on catch was due to an effect on fish behavior alone. Several factors affected the amount of variation explained by the lunar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. The lunar effect was stronger for larger muskellunge (>102 cm) than for smaller fish, stronger in midsummer than in June or October, and stronger for fish caught at high latitudes (>48°N) than for fish caught further south. There was no difference in the lunar effect between expert and novice muskellunge anglers. We argue that this variation is evidence that the effect of the lunar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> on catch is mediated by biological factors and is not due solely to angler effort and reflects lunar synchronization in feeding. This effect has been attributed to variation among moon phases in lunar illumination, but our results do not support that hypothesis for angler-caught muskellunge.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4037224','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4037224"><span>Muskie Lunacy: Does the Lunar <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> <span class="hlt">Influence</span> Angler Catch of Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy)?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Vinson, Mark R.; Angradi, Ted R.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>We analyzed angling catch records for 341,959 muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) from North America to test for a cyclic lunar <span class="hlt">influence</span> on the catch. Using periodic regression, we showed that the number caught was strongly related to the 29-day lunar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, and the effect was consistent across most fisheries. More muskellunge were caught around the full and new moon than at other times. At night, more muskellunge were caught around the full moon than the new moon. The predicted maximum relative effect was ≈5% overall. Anglers fishing exclusively on the peak lunar day would, on average, catch 5% more muskellunge than anglers fishing on random days. On some lakes and at night, the maximum relative effect was higher. We obtained angler effort data for Wisconsin, Mille Lacs (MN), and Lake Vermilion (MN). For Lake Vermilion there was a significant effect of the lunar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> on angler effort. We could therefore not conclude that the lunar effect on catch was due to an effect on fish behavior alone. Several factors affected the amount of variation explained by the lunar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. The lunar effect was stronger for larger muskellunge (>102 cm) than for smaller fish, stronger in midsummer than in June or October, and stronger for fish caught at high latitudes (>48°N) than for fish caught further south. There was no difference in the lunar effect between expert and novice muskellunge anglers. We argue that this variation is evidence that the effect of the lunar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> on catch is mediated by biological factors and is not due solely to angler effort and reflects lunar synchronization in feeding. This effect has been attributed to variation among moon phases in lunar illumination, but our results do not support that hypothesis for angler-caught muskellunge. PMID:24871329</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990109088&hterms=hear&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dhear','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990109088&hterms=hear&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dhear"><span>The <span class="hlt">Influence</span> of Static and Rotating <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Fields on Heat and Mass Transfer in Silicon Floating Zones</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Croell, Arne; Dold, P.; Kaiser, Th.; Szofran, Frank; Benz, K. W.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>Hear and mass transfer in float-zone processing are strongly <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by convective flows in the zone. They are caused by buoyancy convection, thermocapillary (Marangoni) convection, or artificial sources such as rotation and radio frequency heating. Flows in conducting melts can be controlled by the use of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields, either by damping fluid motion with static fields or by generating a def@ned flow with rotating fields. The possibilities of using static and rotating <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields in silicon floating-zone growth have been investigated by experiments in axial static fields up to ST and in transverse rotating <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields up to 7.S mT. Static fields of a few 100 MT already suppress most striations but are detrimental to the radial segregation by introducing a coring effect. A complete suppression of dopant striations caused by time-dependent thermocapillary convection and a reduction of the coring to insignificant values, combined with a shift of the axial segregation profile towards a more diffusion-limited case, is possible with static fields ? 1T. However, under certain conditions the use of high axial <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields can lead to the appearance of a new type of pronounced dopant striations, caused by thermoelec:romagnetic convection. The use of a transverse rotating <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field <span class="hlt">influences</span> the microscopic segregation at quite low inductions, of the order of a few mT. The field shifts time-dependent flows and the resulting striation patterns from a broad range of low frequencies at high amplitudes to a few high frequencies at low amplitudes</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000012412&hterms=transfer+heat&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dtransfer%2Bheat','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000012412&hterms=transfer+heat&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dtransfer%2Bheat"><span>The <span class="hlt">Influence</span> of Static and Rotating <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Fields on Heat and Mass Transfer in Silicon Floating Zones</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Croll, A.; Dold, P.; Kaiser, Th.; Szofran, F. R.; Benz, K. W.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>Heat and mass transfer in float-zone processing are strongly <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by convective flows in the zone. They are caused by buoyancy convection, thermocapillary (Marangoni) convection, or artificial sources such as rotation and radio-frequency heating. Flows in conducting melts can be controlled by the use of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields, either by damping fluid motion with static fields or by generating a defined flow with rotating fields. The possibilities of using static and rotating <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields in silicon floating-zone growth have been investigated by experiments in axial static fields up to 5 T and in transverse rotating <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields up to 7.5 mT. Static fields of a few 100 mT already suppress most striations but are detrimental to the radial segregation by introducing a coring effect. A complete suppression of dopant striations caused by time-dependent thermocapillary convection and a reduction of the coring to insignificant values, combined with a shift of the axial segregation profile toward a more diffusion-limited case, is possible with static fields greater than or equal to 1 T. However, under certain conditions the use of high axial <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields can lead to the appearance of a new type of pronounced dopant striations, caused by thermoelectromagnetic convection. The use of a transverse rotating <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field <span class="hlt">influences</span> the microscopic segregation at quite low inductions, of the order of a few millitesla. The field shifts time- dependent flows and the resulting striation patterns from a broad range of low frequencies at high amplitudes to a few high frequencies at low amplitudes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhyB..539...21J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhyB..539...21J"><span><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> properties of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> bilayer Kekulene structure: A Monte Carlo study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jabar, A.; Masrour, R.</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>In the present work, we have studied the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> bilayer Kekulene structure with mixed spin-5/2 and spin-2 Ising model using Monte Carlo study. The <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> phase diagrams of mixed spins Ising model have been given. The thermal total, partial <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> susceptibilities of the mixed spin-5/2 and spin-2 Ising model on a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> bilayer Kekulene structure are obtained. The transition temperature has been deduced. The effect of crystal field and exchange interactions on the this bilayers has been studied. The partial and total <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> hysteresis <span class="hlt">cycles</span> of the mixed spin-5/2 and spin-2 Ising model on a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> bilayer Kekulene structure have been given. The superparamagnetism behavior is observed in <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> bilayer Kekulene structure. The <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> coercive field decreases with increasing the exchange interactions between σ-σ and temperatures values and increases with increasing the absolute value of exchange interactions between σ-S. The multiple hysteresis behavior appears.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20110007246&hterms=sol&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dsol','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20110007246&hterms=sol&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dsol"><span>Erratum to "Solar Sources and Geospace Consequences of Interplanetary <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Clouds Observed During Solar <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> 23-Paper 1" [J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 70(2-4) (2008) 245-253</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gopalswamy, N.; Akiyama, S.; Yashiro, S.; Michalek, G.; Lepping, R. P.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>One of the figures (Fig. 4) in "Solar sources and geospace consequences of interplanetary <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> Clouds observed during solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23 -- Paper 1" by Gopalswamy et al. (2008, JASTP, Vol. 70, Issues 2-4, February 2008, pp. 245-253) is incorrect because of a software error in t he routine that was used to make the plot. The source positions of various <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> cloud (MC) types are therefore not plotted correctly.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017A%26A...606A..58D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017A%26A...606A..58D"><span>Activity <span class="hlt">cycles</span> in members of young loose stellar associations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Distefano, E.; Lanzafame, A. C.; Lanza, A. F.; Messina, S.; Spada, F.</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>Context. <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> <span class="hlt">cycles</span> analogous to the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> have been detected in tens of solar-like stars by analyzing long-term time series of different <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> activity indexes. The relationship between the <span class="hlt">cycle</span> properties and global stellar parameters is not fully understood yet. One reason for this is the lack of long-term time series for stars covering a wide range of stellar parameters. Aims: We searched for activity <span class="hlt">cycles</span> in a sample of 90 young solar-like stars with ages between 4 and 95 Myr with the aim to investigate the properties of activity <span class="hlt">cycles</span> in this age range. Methods: We measured the length Pcyc of a given <span class="hlt">cycle</span> by analyzing the long-term time series of three different activity indexes: the period of rotational modulation, the amplitude of the rotational modulation and the median magnitude in the V band. For each star, we also computed the global <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> activity index ⟨ IQR ⟩ that is proportional to the amplitude of the rotational modulation and can be regarded as a proxy of the mean level of the surface <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> activity. Results: We detected activity <span class="hlt">cycles</span> in 67 stars. Secondary <span class="hlt">cycles</span> were also detected in 32 stars of the sample. The lack of correlation between Pcyc and Prot and the position of our targets in the Pcyc/Prot-Ro-1 diagram suggest that these stars belong to the so-called transitional branch and that the dynamo acting in these stars is different from the solar dynamo and from that acting in the older Mt. Wilson stars. This statement is also supported by the analysis of the butterfly diagrams whose patterns are very different from those seen in the solar case. We computed the Spearman correlation coefficient rS between Pcyc, ⟨ IQR ⟩ and various stellar parameters. We found that Pcyc in our sample is uncorrelated with all the investigated parameters. The ⟨ IQR ⟩ index is positively correlated with the convective turnover timescale, the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> diffusivity timescale τdiff, and the dynamo number DN, whereas it is anti</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24492058','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24492058"><span>Menstrual-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> dependent fluctuations in ovarian hormones affect emotional memory.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bayer, Janine; Schultz, Heidrun; Gamer, Matthias; Sommer, Tobias</p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>The hormones progesterone and estradiol modulate neural plasticity in the hippocampus, the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex. These structures are involved in the superior memory for emotionally arousing information (EEM effects). Therefore, fluctuations in hormonal levels across the menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span> are expected to <span class="hlt">influence</span> activity in these areas as well as behavioral memory performance for emotionally arousing events. To test this hypothesis, naturally <span class="hlt">cycling</span> women underwent functional <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> resonance imaging during the encoding of emotional and neutral stimuli in the low-hormone early follicular and the high-hormone luteal phase. Their memory was tested after an interval of 48 h, because emotional arousal primarily enhances the consolidation of new memories. Whereas overall recognition accuracy remained stable across <span class="hlt">cycle</span> phases, recognition quality varied with menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span> phases. Particularly recollection-based recognition memory for negative items tended to decrease from early follicular to luteal phase. EEM effects for both valences were associated with higher activity in the right anterior hippocampus during early follicular compared to luteal phase. Valence-specific modulations were found in the anterior cingulate, the amygdala and the posterior hippocampus. Current findings connect to anxiolytic actions of estradiol and progesterone as well as to studies on fear conditioning. Moreover, they are in line with differential networks involved in EEM effects for positive and negative items. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MNRAS.476.4346P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MNRAS.476.4346P"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of toroidal <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field in multiaccreting tori</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pugliese, D.; Montani, G.</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>We analysed the effects of a toroidal <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field in the formation of several <span class="hlt">magnetized</span> accretion tori, dubbed as ringed accretion discs (RADs), orbiting around one central Kerr supermassive black hole (SMBH) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), where both corotating and counterotating discs are considered. Constraints on tori formation and emergence of RADs instabilities, accretion on to the central attractor and tori collision emergence, are investigated. The results of this analysis show that the role of the central BH spin-mass ratio, the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field and the relative fluid rotation and tori rotation with respect the central BH, are crucial elements in determining the accretion tori features, providing ultimately evidence of a strict correlation between SMBH spin, fluid rotation, and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields in RADs formation and evolution. More specifically, we proved that <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field and discs rotation are in fact strongly constrained, as tori formation and evolution in RADs depend on the toroidal <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields parameters. Eventually, this analysis identifies specific classes of tori, for restrict ranges of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field parameter, that can be observed around some specific SMBHs identified by their dimensionless spin.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140017090','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140017090"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of Observed Diurnal <span class="hlt">Cycles</span> of Aerosol Optical Depth on Aerosol Direct Radiative Effect</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Arola, A.; Eck, T. F.; Huttunen, J.; Lehtinen, K. E. J.; Lindfors, A. V.; Myhre, G.; Smirinov, A.; Tripathi, S. N.; Yu, H.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The diurnal variability of aerosol optical depth (AOD) can be significant, depending on location and dominant aerosol type. However, these diurnal <span class="hlt">cycles</span> have rarely been taken into account in measurement-based estimates of aerosol direct radiative forcing (ADRF) or aerosol direct radiative effect (ADRE). The objective of our study was to estimate the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of diurnal aerosol variability at the top of the atmosphere ADRE estimates. By including all the possible AERONET sites, we wanted to assess the <span class="hlt">influence</span> on global ADRE estimates. While focusing also in more detail on some selected sites of strongest impact, our goal was to also see the possible impact regionally.We calculated ADRE with different assumptions about the daily AOD variability: taking the observed daily AOD <span class="hlt">cycle</span> into account and assuming diurnally constant AOD. Moreover, we estimated the corresponding differences in ADREs, if the single AOD value for the daily mean was taken from the the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra or Aqua overpass times, instead of accounting for the true observed daily variability. The mean impact of diurnal AOD variability on 24 h ADRE estimates, averaged over all AERONET sites, was rather small and it was relatively small even for the cases when AOD was chosen to correspond to the Terra or Aqua overpass time. This was true on average over all AERONET sites, while clearly there can be much stronger impact in individual sites. Examples of some selected sites demonstrated that the strongest observed AOD variability (the strongest morning afternoon contrast) does not typically result in a significant impact on 24 h ADRE. In those cases, the morning and afternoon AOD patterns are opposite and thus the impact on 24 h ADRE, when integrated over all solar zenith angles, is reduced. The most significant effect on daily ADRE was induced by AOD <span class="hlt">cycles</span> with either maximum or minimum AOD close to local noon. In these cases, the impact on 24 h ADRE was</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080004264','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080004264"><span>Superconducting energy storage <span class="hlt">magnet</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Boom, Roger W. (Inventor); Eyssa, Yehia M. (Inventor); Abdelsalam, Mostafa K. (Inventor); Huang, Xianrui (Inventor)</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>A superconducting <span class="hlt">magnet</span> is formed having composite conductors arrayed in coils having turns which lie on a surface defining substantially a frustum of a cone. The conical angle with respect to the central axis is preferably selected such that the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> pressure on the coil at the widest portion of the cone is substantially zero. The <span class="hlt">magnet</span> structure is adapted for use as an energy storage <span class="hlt">magnet</span> mounted in an earthen trench or tunnel where the strength the surrounding soil is lower at the top of the trench or tunnel than at the bottom. The composite conductor may be formed having a ripple shape to minimize stresses during charge up and discharge and has a shape for each ripple selected such that the conductor undergoes a minimum amount of bending during the charge and discharge <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. By minimizing bending, the working of the normal conductor in the composite conductor is minimized, thereby reducing the increase in resistance of the normal conductor that occurs over time as the conductor undergoes bending during numerous charge and discharge <span class="hlt">cycles</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19820012245&hterms=refrigeration&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Drefrigeration','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19820012245&hterms=refrigeration&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Drefrigeration"><span><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> refrigeration for maser amplifier cooling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Johnson, D. L.</p> <p>1982-01-01</p> <p>The development of a multifrequency upconverter-maser system for the DSN has created the need to develop a closed-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> refrigerator (CCR) capable of providing more than 3 watts of refrigeration capability at 4.5 K. In addition, operating concerns such as the high cost of electrical power consumption and the loss of maser operation due to CCR failures require that improvements be made to increase the efficiency and reliability of the CCR. One refrigeration method considered is the replacement of the Joule-Thomson expansion circuit with a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> refrigeration. <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> refrigerators can provide potentially reliable and highly efficient refrigeration at a variety of temperature ranges and cooling power. The concept of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> refrigeration is summarized and a literature review of existing <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> refrigerator designs which have been built and tested and that may also be considered as possibilities as a 4 K to 15 K <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> refrigeration stage for the DSN closed-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> refrigerator is provided.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25742879','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25742879"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of Bi(3+)-doping on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> and Mössbauer properties of spinel cobalt ferrite.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gore, Shyam K; Mane, Rajaram S; Naushad, Mu; Jadhav, Santosh S; Zate, Manohar K; Alothman, Z A; Hui, Biz K N</p> <p>2015-04-14</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of Bi(3+)-doping on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> and Mössbauer properties of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4), wherein the Fe(3+) ions are replaced by the Bi(3+) ions to form CoBixFe2-xO4 ferrites, where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 or 0.2, has been investigated. The structural and morphological properties of undoped and doped ferrites, synthesized chemically through a self-igniting sol-gel method, are initially screened using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. The changes in <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> moment of ions, their coupling with neighboring ions and cation exchange interactions are confirmed from the Mössbauer spectroscopy analysis. The effect of Bi(3+)-doping on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of CoFe2O4 ferrite is examined from the vibrating sample magnetometry spectra. Saturation <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> and coercivity values are increased initially and then decreased, as result of Bi(3+)-doping. The obtained results with improved saturation <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> (from 26.36 to 44.96 emu g(-1)), coercivity (from 1457 to 1863 Oe) and remanence <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> (from 14.48 to 24.63 emu g(-1)) on 0.1-0.15 mol Bi(3+)-doping of CoBixFe2-xO4 demonstrate the usefulness for <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> recording and memory devices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22270956-stellar-dynamos-cycles-from-numerical-simulations-convection','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22270956-stellar-dynamos-cycles-from-numerical-simulations-convection"><span>STELLAR DYNAMOS AND <span class="hlt">CYCLES</span> FROM NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF CONVECTION</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Dubé, Caroline; Charbonneau, Paul, E-mail: dube@astro.umontreal.ca, E-mail: paulchar@astro.umontreal.ca</p> <p></p> <p>We present a series of kinematic axisymmetric mean-field αΩ dynamo models applicable to solar-type stars, for 20 distinct combinations of rotation rates and luminosities. The internal differential rotation and kinetic helicity profiles required to calculate source terms in these dynamo models are extracted from a corresponding series of global three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of solar/stellar convection, so that the resulting dynamo models end up involving only one free parameter, namely, the turbulent <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> diffusivity in the convecting layers. Even though the αΩ dynamo solutions exhibit a broad range of morphologies, and sometimes even double <span class="hlt">cycles</span>, these models manage to reproduce relativelymore » well the observationally inferred relationship between <span class="hlt">cycle</span> period and rotation rate. On the other hand, they fail in capturing the observed increase of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> activity levels with rotation rate. This failure is due to our use of a simple algebraic α-quenching formula as the sole amplitude-limiting nonlinearity. This suggests that α-quenching is not the primary mechanism setting the amplitude of stellar <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> <span class="hlt">cycles</span>, with <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> reaction on large-scale flows emerging as the more likely candidate. This inference is coherent with analyses of various recent global magnetohydrodynamical simulations of solar/stellar convection.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22493764-influence-magnetic-fields-wake-field-stopping-power-ion-beam-pulse-plasmas','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22493764-influence-magnetic-fields-wake-field-stopping-power-ion-beam-pulse-plasmas"><span>The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields on the wake field and stopping power of an ion-beam pulse in plasmas</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Zhao, Xiao-ying; Zhang, Ya-ling; Duan, Wen-shan</p> <p>2015-09-15</p> <p>We performed two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations to investigate how a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field affects the wake field and stopping power of an ion-beam pulse moving in plasmas. The corresponding density of plasma electrons is investigated. At a weak <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field, the wakes exhibit typical V-shaped cone structures. As the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field strengthens, the wakes spread and lose their typical V-shaped structures. At a sufficiently strong <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field, the wakes exhibit conversed V-shaped structures. Additionally, strengthening the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field reduces the stopping power in regions of low and high beam density. However, the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field becomes complicated in regions ofmore » moderate beam density. The stopping power increases in a weak <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field, but it decreases in a strong <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. At high beam density and moderate <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field, two low-density channels of plasma electrons appear on both sides of the incident beam pulse trajectory. This is because electrons near the beam pulses will be attracted and move along with the beam pulses, while other electrons nearby are restricted by the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field and cannot fill the gap.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NIMPA.847...29Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NIMPA.847...29Y"><span><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> fringe field interference between the quadrupole and corrector <span class="hlt">magnets</span> in the CSNS/RCS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, Mei; Kang, Wen; Deng, Changdong; Sun, Xianjing; Li, Li; Wu, Xi; Gong, Lingling; Cheng, Da; Zhu, Yingshun; Chen, Fusan</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>The Rapid <span class="hlt">Cycling</span> Synchrotron (RCS) of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) employs large aperture quadrupole and corrector <span class="hlt">magnets</span> with small aspect ratios and relatively short iron to iron separations; so the fringe field interference becomes serious which results in integral field strength reduction and extra field harmonics. We have performed 3D <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field simulations to investigate the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field interference in the <span class="hlt">magnet</span> assemblies and made some adjustments on the <span class="hlt">magnet</span> arrangement. The Fourier analysis is used to quantify the integral gradient reduction and field harmonic changes of the quadrupole <span class="hlt">magnets</span>. Some <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field measurements are undertaken to verify the simulation results. The simulation details and the major results are presented in this paper.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21039320','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21039320"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of the Wenchuan earthquake on self-reported irregular menstrual <span class="hlt">cycles</span> in surviving women.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Xiao-Hong; Qin, Lang; Hu, Han; Luo, Shan; Li, Lei; Fan, Wei; Xiao, Zhun; Li, Ying-Xing; Li, Shang-Wei</p> <p>2011-09-01</p> <p>To explore the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of stress induced by the Wenchuan earthquake on the menstrual <span class="hlt">cycles</span> of surviving women. Self-reports of the menstrual <span class="hlt">cycles</span> of 473 women that survived the Wenchuan earthquake were analyzed. Menstrual regularity was defined as menses between 21 and 35 days long. The death of a child or the loss of property and social resources was verified for all surviving women. The severity of these losses was assessed and graded as high, little, and none. About 21% of the study participants reported that their menstrual <span class="hlt">cycles</span> became irregular after the Wenchuan earthquake, and this percentage was significantly higher than before the earthquake (6%, p < 0.05). About 30% of the surviving women with a high degree of loss in the earthquake reported menstrual irregularity after the earthquake. Association analyses showed that some stressors of the Wenchuan earthquake were strongly associated with self-reports of menstrual irregularity, including the loss of children (RR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.28), large amounts of property (RR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.15), social resources (RR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.80) and the hormonal contraception use (RR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.83). Self-reported menstrual irregularity is common in women that survived the Wenchuan earthquake, especially in those who lost children, large amounts of property and social resources.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19434421','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19434421"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of crank length and crank width on maximal hand <span class="hlt">cycling</span> power and cadence.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Krämer, Christian; Hilker, Lutz; Böhm, Harald</p> <p>2009-07-01</p> <p>The effect of different crank lengths and crank widths on maximal hand <span class="hlt">cycling</span> power, cadence and handle speed were determined. Crank lengths and crank widths were adapted to anthropometric data of the participants as the ratio to forward reach (FR) and shoulder breadth (SB), respectively. 25 able-bodied subjects performed maximal inertial load hand <span class="hlt">cycle</span> ergometry using crank lengths of 19, 22.5 and 26% of FR and 72, 85 and 98% of SB. Maximum power ranged from 754 (246) W for the crank geometry short wide (crank length x crank width) to 873 (293) W for the combination long middle. Every crank length differed significantly (P < 0.05) from each other, whereas no significant effect of crank width to maximum power output was revealed. Optimal cadence decreased significantly (P < 0.001) with increasing crank length from 124.8 (0.9) rpm for the short to 107.5 (1.6) rpm for the long cranks, whereas optimal handle speed increased significantly (P < 0.001) with increasing crank length from 1.81 (0.01) m/s for the short to 2.13 (0.03) m/s for the long cranks. Crank width did neither <span class="hlt">influence</span> optimal cadence nor optimal handle speed significantly. From the results of this study, for maximum hand <span class="hlt">cycling</span> power, a crank length to FR ratio of 26% for a crank width to SB ratio of 85% is recommended.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1392042-influence-spatially-dependent-modeled-soil-carbon-emission-factors-life-cycle-greenhouse-gas-emissions-corn-cellulosic-ethanol','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1392042-influence-spatially-dependent-modeled-soil-carbon-emission-factors-life-cycle-greenhouse-gas-emissions-corn-cellulosic-ethanol"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of spatially dependent, modeled soil carbon emission factors on life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> greenhouse gas emissions of corn and cellulosic ethanol</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Qin, Zhangcai; Dunn, Jennifer B.; Kwon, Hoyoung</p> <p></p> <p>Converting land to biofuel feedstock production incurs changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) that can <span class="hlt">influence</span> biofuel life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Estimates of these land use change (LUC) and life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> GHG emissions affect biofuels’ attractiveness and eligibility under a number of renewable fuel policies in the U.S. and abroad. Modeling was used to refine the spatial resolution and depth-extent of domestic estimates of SOC change for land (cropland, cropland pasture, grasslands, and forests) conversion scenarios to biofuel crops (corn, corn stover, switchgrass, Miscanthus, poplar, and willow). In most regions, conversions from cropland and cropland pasture to biofuel crops ledmore » to neutral or small levels of SOC sequestration, while conversion of grassland and forest generally caused net SOC loss. Results of SOC change were incorporated into the Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model to assess their <span class="hlt">influence</span> on life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> GHG emissions for the biofuels considered. Total LUC GHG emissions (g CO2eq MJ-1) were 2.1–9.3 for corn, -0.7 for corn stover, -3.4–12.9 for switchgrass, and -20.1–-6.2 for Miscanthus; these varied with SOC modeling assumptions applied. Extending soil depth from 30 to 100cm affected spatially-explicit SOC change and overall LUC GHG emissions; however the <span class="hlt">influence</span> on LUC GHG emissions estimates were less significant in corn and corn stover than cellulosic feedstocks. Total life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> GHG emissions (g CO2eq MJ-1, 100cm) were estimated to be 59–66 for corn ethanol, 14 for stover ethanol, 18-26 for switchgrass ethanol, and -0.6–-7 for Miscanthus ethanol.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ChPhB..25j5204C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ChPhB..25j5204C"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of number and depth of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> mirror on Alfvénic gap eigenmode</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chang, Lei; Hu, Ning; Yao, Jianyao</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>Alfvénic gap eigenmode (AGE) can eject energetic particles from confinement and thereby threaten the success of <span class="hlt">magnetically</span> controlled fusion. A low-temperature plasma cylinder is a promising candidate to study this eigenmode, due to easy diagnostic access and simple geometry, and the idea is to arrange a periodic array of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> mirrors along the plasma cylinder and introduce a local defect to break the field periodicity. The present work validates this idea by reproducing a clear AGE inside a spectral gap, and more importantly details the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the number and depth (or modulation factor) of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> mirror on the characteristics of AGE. Results show that AGE is suppressed by other modes inside the spectral gap when the number of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> mirrors is below a certain value, which leads to a weakened Bragg’s effect. The structure and frequency of AGE remain unchanged for a decreased number of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> mirrors, as long as this number is enough for the AGE formation. The width of spectral gap and decay constant (inverse of decay length) of AGE are linearly proportional to the depth of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> mirror, implying easier observation of AGE through a bigger mirror depth. The frequency of AGE shifts to a lower range with the depth increased, possibly due to the unfrozen plasma with field line and the invalidity of small-perturbation analysis. Nevertheless, it is exciting to find that the depth of field modulation can be increased to form AGE for a very limited number of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> mirrors. This is of particular interest for the experimental implementation of AGE on a low-temperature plasma cylinder with limited length. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11405271, 11372104, 75121543, 11332013, 11372363, and 11502037).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26522112','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26522112"><span>The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of female age on the cumulative live-birth rate of fresh <span class="hlt">cycles</span> and subsequent frozen <span class="hlt">cycles</span> using vitrified blastocysts in hyper-responders.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wu, Cheng-Hsuan; Lee, Tsung-Hsien; Chen, Hsiu-Hui; Chen, Chung-I; Huang, Chun-Chia; Lee, Maw-Sheng</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>The aim of this research was to study the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of female age on the cumulative live-birth rate of fresh and subsequent frozen <span class="hlt">cycles</span> using vitrified blastocysts of the same cohort in hyper-responders. This was a retrospective study of 1137 infertile women undergoing their first in vitro fertilization treatment between 2006 and 2013. The main outcome measure was cumulative live births among the fresh and all vitrified blastocyst transfers combined after the same stimulation <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. The results were also analyzed according to age (i.e., <35 years, 35-39 years, and ≥ 40 years). The mean number of retrieved oocytes was 19.9 ± 8.5 oocytes. The cumulative pregnancy rate was 89.2% and the cumulative live-birth rate was 73.3%. The cumulative live-birth rate declined from 73.9% for women younger than 35 years old to 67.3% for women 35-39 years old to 57.9% for women 40 years or older. Combined fresh and vitrified blastocyst transfer <span class="hlt">cycles</span> can result in a high cumulative live-birth rate. The cumulative live-birth rates among older women are lower than the rates among younger women when autologous oocytes are used. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22047456-influence-pulsating-electric-field-ecr-heating-nonuniform-magnetic-field','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22047456-influence-pulsating-electric-field-ecr-heating-nonuniform-magnetic-field"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of the pulsating electric field on the ECR heating in a nonuniform <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Balmashnov, A. A., E-mail: abalmashnov@sci.pfu.edu.ru; Umnov, A. M.</p> <p>2011-12-15</p> <p>According to a computer simulation, the randomized pulsating electric field can strongly <span class="hlt">influence</span> the ECR plasma heating in a nonuniform <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. It has been found out that the electron energy spectrum is shifted to the high energy region. The obtained effect is intended to be used in the ECR sources for effective X-ray generation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25153135','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25153135"><span>Lunar <span class="hlt">cycles</span> at mating do not <span class="hlt">influence</span> sex ratio at birth in horses.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Aguilar, J J; Cuervo-Arango, J; Santa Juliana, L</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>It is scientifically demonstrated that lunar <span class="hlt">cycles</span> have important effects on several biological events. Controversy exists about the lunar <span class="hlt">influence</span> on human and animal parturition. In addition, in the horse industry, especially in Polo Horse breeders of Argentina and around the world there is a higher demand for female offspring than for males. The objective of this study was to determine whether there is a significant association between the lunar phase at the time of mating and the sex ratio at birth in horses. The Argentinean Stud Book provided information related to all matings registered for Thoroughbred and Arab horses between 2003 and 2011. Statistical associations were tested between dates of matings at different lunar phases or days and sex ratio at birth. A total of 65.535 gestations were studied. Overall, sex ratio at birth resulted in 33.396 fillies (50.96%) and 32.139 colts (49.04%). The percentages of males and females at birth were not statistically different amongst the different lunar phases or days. We can strongly conclude that managing the breeding dates in relation to lunar <span class="hlt">cycles</span> in order to manipulate the sex ratio of the offspring is not a viable option in horses.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22482088-influence-cooling-rate-planar-thermally-assisted-magnetic-random-access-memory-improved-writeability-due-spin-transfer-torque-influence','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22482088-influence-cooling-rate-planar-thermally-assisted-magnetic-random-access-memory-improved-writeability-due-spin-transfer-torque-influence"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of cooling rate in planar thermally assisted <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> random access memory: Improved writeability due to spin-transfer-torque <span class="hlt">influence</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Chavent, A.; CNRS, INAC-SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble; CEA, INAC-SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble</p> <p></p> <p>This paper investigates the effect of a controlled cooling rate on <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field reversal assisted by spin transfer torque (STT) in thermally assisted <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> random access memory. By using a gradual linear decrease of the voltage at the end of the write pulse, the STT decays more slowly or at least at the same rate as the temperature. This condition is necessary to make sure that the storage layer <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> remains in the desired written direction during cooling of the cell. The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the write current pulse decay rate was investigated on two exchange biased synthetic ferrimagnet (SyF) electrodes.more » For a NiFe based electrode, a significant improvement in writing reproducibility was observed using a gradual linear voltage transition. The write error rate decreases by a factor of 10 when increasing the write pulse fall-time from ∼3 ns to 70 ns. For comparison, a second CoFe/NiFe based electrode was also reversed by <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field assisted by STT. In this case, no difference between sharp and linear write pulse fall shape was observed. We attribute this observation to the higher thermal stability of the CoFe/NiFe electrode during cooling. In real-time measurements of the <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> reversal, it was found that Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) coupling in the SyF electrode vanishes for the highest pulse voltages that were used due to the high temperature reached during write. As a result, during the cooling phase, the final state is reached through a spin-flop transition of the SyF storage layer.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.P41C1935W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.P41C1935W"><span>Detection of Polonium-210 on Spirit Dust <span class="hlt">Magnets</span> and Implications for the Global Martian Dust <span class="hlt">Cycle</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wong, R.; Meslin, P.; Sabroux, J.; Madsen, M. B.; Pineau, J.; Richon, P.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>The radioactivity of airborne aerosols, which originates from the attachment of radionuclides produced by radon disintegration, Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) or anthropogenic activities, especially fallouts from nuclear weapons testing, can be used to measure the residence time of these aerosols in the atmosphere and their deposition rate. It is also used to characterize soils erosion rates (Matissof et al., 2002) or to investigate the origin of desert rock varnish (Hodge et al., 2005), to name only a few terrestrial applications. A translation of these nuclear methods to the Martian atmosphere, which is characterized by a very active dust <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, is tempting, and has the potential to offer a unique insight into the present-day recycling of the Martian surface. This approach is made possible by two facts: 1) the presence of radon in the Martian atmosphere, which produces long-lived radioactive decay products, in particular polonium-210, and whose abundance can be indirectly inferred by gamma ray spectrometry from orbit using Mars Odyssey Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) (Meslin et al., 2012); 2) the presence at the surface of Mars of two Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometers (APXS), onboard Opportunity and Spirit Mars Exploration Rovers, whose energy range (in the alpha mode) very fortuitously happens to include the energy of alpha particles emitted by the decay of polonium-210. The long half-life of this radionuclide is such that it is almost entirely attached to the particles that have been in suspension in the atmosphere, especially those characterized by a large specific surface area or by a long atmospheric residence time. It can therefore be used as a tracer of the dust <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. An analysis of the alpha spectra acquired on the dust Capture and Filter <span class="hlt">magnets</span> of the Spirit rover confirms results obtained by Meslin et al. (2006) that the Martian dust is radioactive w/r to polonium-210, thereby extending Opportunity's result to a global scale. This result enables us to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApJS..236....7H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApJS..236....7H"><span>Activity Analyses for Solar-type Stars Observed with Kepler. II. <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Feature versus Flare Activity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>He, Han; Wang, Huaning; Zhang, Mei; Mehrabi, Ahmad; Yan, Yan; Yun, Duo</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>The light curves of solar-type stars present both periodic fluctuation and flare spikes. The gradual periodic fluctuation is interpreted as the rotational modulation of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> features on the stellar surface and is used to deduce <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> feature activity properties. The flare spikes in light curves are used to derive flare activity properties. In this paper, we analyze the light curve data of three solar-type stars (KIC 6034120, KIC 3118883, and KIC 10528093) observed with Kepler space telescope and investigate the relationship between their <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> feature activities and flare activities. The analysis shows that: (1) both the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> feature activity and the flare activity exhibit long-term variations as the Sun does; (2) unlike the Sun, the long-term variations of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> feature activity and flare activity are not in phase with each other; (3) the analysis of star KIC 6034120 suggests that the long-term variations of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> feature activity and flare activity have a similar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> length. Our analysis and results indicate that the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> features that dominate rotational modulation and the flares possibly have different source regions, although they may be <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field generated through a same dynamo process.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhPl...25d2906H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhPl...25d2906H"><span>The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the Hall term on the development of <span class="hlt">magnetized</span> laser-produced plasma jets</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hamlin, N. D.; Seyler, C. E.; Khiar, B.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>We present 2D axisymmetric simulation results describing the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the Hall term on laser-produced plasma jets and their interaction with an applied <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field parallel to the laser axis. Bending of the poloidal B-field lines produces an MHD shock structure surrounding a conical cavity, and a jet is produced from the convergence of the shock envelope. Both the jet and the conical cavity underneath it are bound by fast MHD shocks. We compare the MHD results generated using the extended-MHD code Physics as an Extended-MHD Relaxation System with an Efficient Upwind Scheme (PERSEUS) with MHD results generated using GORGON and find reasonable agreement. We then present extended-MHD results generated using PERSEUS, which show that the Hall term has several effects on the plasma jet evolution. A hot low-density current-carrying layer of plasma develops just outside the plume, which results in a helical rather than a purely poloidal B-field, and reduces <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> stresses, resulting in delayed flow convergence and jet formation. The flow is partially frozen into the helical field, resulting in azimuthal rotation of the jet. The Hall term also produces field-aligned current in strongly <span class="hlt">magnetized</span> regions. In particular, we find the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of Hall physics on this problem to be scale-dependent. This points to the importance of mitigating the Hall effect in a laboratory setup, by increasing the jet density and system dimensions, in order to avoid inaccurate extrapolation to astrophysical scales.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017InJPh..91.1553J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017InJPh..91.1553J"><span><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> properties of checkerboard lattice: a Monte Carlo study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jabar, A.; Masrour, R.; Hamedoun, M.; Benyoussef, A.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of ferrimagnetic mixed-spin Ising model in the checkerboard lattice are studied using Monte Carlo simulations. The variation of total <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> susceptibility with the crystal field has been established. We have obtained a transition from an order to a disordered phase in some critical value of the physical variables. The reduced transition temperature is obtained for different exchange interactions. The <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> hysteresis <span class="hlt">cycles</span> have been established. The multiples hysteresis <span class="hlt">cycle</span> in checkerboard lattice are obtained. The multiples hysteresis <span class="hlt">cycle</span> have been established. The ferrimagnetic mixed-spin Ising model in checkerboard lattice is very interesting from the experimental point of view. The mixed spins system have many technological applications such as in domain opto-electronics, memory, nanomedicine and nano-biological systems. The obtained results show that that crystal field induce long-range spin-spin correlations even bellow the reduced transition temperature.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JMMM..421..103S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JMMM..421..103S"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of different kinds of rolling on the crystallographic texture and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> induction of a NOG 3 wt% Si steel</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Silva, J. M.; Baêta Júnior, E. S.; Moraes, N. R. D. C.; Botelho, R. A.; Felix, R. A. C.; Brandao, L.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The purpose of this work was to study the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of different kinds of rolling on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of NOG steel, an electric steel widely used in electrical motors. These properties are highly correlated with the crystallographic texture of the material, which can be changed by rolling. Three kinds of rolling were examined: conventional rolling, cross-rolling and asymmetrical rolling. The crystallographic texture was determined by X-ray diffraction and the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties were calculated from a theoretical model that related the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> induction to crystallographic texture through the anisotropy energy. The results show that cross-rolling yields higher values of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> induction than the other processes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JASS...30..101O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JASS...30..101O"><span>Variation of Solar, Interplanetary and Geomagnetic Parameters during Solar <span class="hlt">Cycles</span> 21-24</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Oh, Suyeon; Kim, Bogyeong</p> <p>2013-06-01</p> <p>The length of solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23 has been prolonged up to about 13 years. Many studies have speculated that the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23/24 minimum will indicate the onset of a grand minimum of solar activity, such as the Maunder Minimum. We check the trends of solar (sunspot number, solar <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields, total solar irradiance, solar radio flux, and frequency of solar X-ray flare), interplanetary (interplanetary <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field, solar wind and galactic cosmic ray intensity), and geomagnetic (Ap index) parameters (SIG parameters) during solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span> 21-24. Most SIG parameters during the period of the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23/24 minimum have remarkably low values. Since the 1970s, the space environment has been monitored by ground observatories and satellites. Such prevalently low values of SIG parameters have never been seen. We suggest that these unprecedented conditions of SIG parameters originate from the weakened solar <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields. Meanwhile, the deep 23/24 solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> minimum might be the portent of a grand minimum in which the global mean temperature of the lower atmosphere is as low as in the period of Dalton or Maunder minimum.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JMMM..380..197P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JMMM..380..197P"><span><span class="hlt">Magnetically</span> responsive enzyme powders</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pospiskova, Kristyna; Safarik, Ivo</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>Powdered enzymes were transformed into their insoluble <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> derivatives retaining their catalytic activity. Enzyme powders (e.g., trypsin and lipase) were suspended in various liquid media not allowing their solubilization (e.g., saturated ammonium sulfate and highly concentrated polyethylene glycol solutions, ethanol, methanol, 2-propanol) and subsequently cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> modification was successfully performed at low temperature in a freezer (-20 °C) using <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> iron oxides nano- and microparticles prepared by microwave-assisted synthesis from ferrous sulfate. <span class="hlt">Magnetized</span> cross-linked enzyme powders were stable at least for two months in water suspension without leakage of fixed <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> particles. Operational stability of <span class="hlt">magnetically</span> responsive enzymes during eight repeated reaction <span class="hlt">cycles</span> was generally without loss of enzyme activity. Separation of <span class="hlt">magnetically</span> modified cross-linked powdered enzymes from reaction mixtures was significantly simplified due to their <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1186000-influence-interstitial-mn-magnetism-room-temperature-ferromagnet-mn1+sb','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1186000-influence-interstitial-mn-magnetism-room-temperature-ferromagnet-mn1+sb"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of interstitial Mn on <span class="hlt">magnetism</span> in the room-temperature ferromagnet Mn 1 + δ Sb</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Taylor, Alice E.; Berlijn, Tom; Hahn, Steven E.; ...</p> <p>2015-06-15</p> <p>We repormore » t elastic and inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the high-TC ferromagnet Mn 1 + δ Sb . Measurements were performed on a large, T C = 434 K, single crystal with interstitial Mn content of δ ≈ 0.13. The neutron diffraction results reveal that the interstitial Mn has a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> moment, and that it is aligned antiparallel to the main Mn moment. We perform density functional theory calculations including the interstitial Mn, and find the interstitial to be <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> in agreement with the diffraction data. The inelastic neutron scattering measurements reveal two features in the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> dynamics: i) a spin-wave-like dispersion emanating from ferromagnetic Bragg positions (H K 2n), and ii) a broad, non-dispersive signal centered at forbidden Bragg positions (H K 2n+1). The inelastic spectrum cannot be modeled by simple linear spin-wave theory calculations, and appears to be significantly altered by the presence of the interstitial Mn ions. Finally, the results show that the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the interstitial Mn on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> state in this system is more important than previously understood.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24437199','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24437199"><span>[The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of application of a low-frequency <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field on the serum corticosterone level (an experimental study)].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Alabovskiĭ, V V; Gotovskiĭ, M Iu; Vinokurov, A A; Maslov, O V</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The results of analysis of the literature publications suggest the necessity of experimental studies aimed at investigation of modulating effect of low-frequency <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields on endocrine organs. The present study was carried out using 200 outbred white male rats (body weight 200-220 g). Corticosterone was measured in blood sera following the application of a low-frequency <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field (20 and 53 Hz with induction from 0.4 to 6 mT) generated by a Mini-Expert-T apparatus for induction <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> therapy during 30 minutes. It was shown that the application of the alternating <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field to the adrenal region of the rats in the selected frequency and induction ranges caused a significant increase in the serum corticosterone levels. The results of the present study on the hormonal activity of rat adrenals give reason to consider the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the alternating <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields as being modulatory. Analysis of the data thus obtained has demonstrated the non-linear dependence of glucocorticoid activity of the rat adrenal glands on the induction strength of the alternating <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27693828','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27693828"><span>Ecological effects on arbovirus-mosquito <span class="hlt">cycles</span> of transmission.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tabachnick, Walter J</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Mosquitoes transmit many viruses to a variety of hosts. <span class="hlt">Cycles</span> of mosquito borne arbovirus transmission are the result of complex interactions between the mosquito, the arbovirus and the host that are <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by genetic variations in a variety of traits in each that are all <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by many environmental factors. R 0 , the basic reproduction number or mean number of individuals infected from a single infected individual, is a measure of mosquito borne arbovirus transmission. Understanding the causes for the distribution of R 0 in any transmission <span class="hlt">cycle</span> is a daunting challenge due to the lack of information on the genetic and environmental variances that <span class="hlt">influence</span> R 0 . Information about the major factors <span class="hlt">influencing</span> R 0 for specific transmission <span class="hlt">cycles</span> is essential to develop efficient and effective strategies to reduce transmission in different <span class="hlt">cycles</span> and locations. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19980236883&hterms=tellurium&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dtellurium','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19980236883&hterms=tellurium&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dtellurium"><span>The <span class="hlt">Influence</span> of a Rotating <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Field on Solidification from a Traveling Solvent Zone</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gillies, Donald C.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>Application of a high frequency rotating <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field (50-400Hz) (RMF) with a strength of the order of 1 mT can be used to <span class="hlt">influence</span> the fluid flow in an electrically conductive melt. The advantage of the RMF during the traveling solvent zone method for growth of semiconductor materials will be discussed. Preliminary modeling results for cadmium telluride growth from a tellurium solvent zone will be discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=84567&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=alert&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=84567&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=alert&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span><span class="hlt">MAGNETIC</span> FIELD <span class="hlt">INFLUENCE</span> ON NGF-STIMULATED NEURITE OUTGROWTH IN PC-12 CELLS: EFFECT OF PAINT FUMES</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">MAGNETIC</span> FIELD <span class="hlt">INFLUENCE</span> ON NGF-STIMULATED NEURITE OUTGROWTH IN PC-12 CELLS: EFFECT OF PAINT FUMES. C. F. Blackman1, D. E. House2*, S. G. Benane3*, A. Ubeda4, M.A. TrilIo4. 1 National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, EPA,<br>Research Triangle Park, North Caro...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24205624','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24205624"><span>Dielectrophoresis-magnetophoresis force driven <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticle movement in transformer oil based <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fluids.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lee, Jong-Chul; Lee, Sangyoup</p> <p>2013-09-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> fluid is a stable colloidal mixture contained <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles coated with a surfactant. Recently, it was found that the fluid has properties to increase heat transfer and dielectric characteristics due to the added <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles in transformer oils. The <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles in the fluid experience an electrical force directed toward the place of maximum electric field strength when the electric field is applied. And when the external <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field is applied, the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles form long chains oriented along the direction of the field. The behaviors of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles in both the fields must play an important role in changing the heat transfer and dielectric characteristics of the fluids. In this study, we visualized the movement of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by both the fields applied in-situ. It was found that the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles travel in the region near the electrode by the electric field and form long chains along the field direction by the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. It can be inferred that the movement of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles appears by both the fields, and the breakdown voltage of transformer oil based <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fluids might be <span class="hlt">influenced</span> according to the dispersion of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017OPhy...15..118B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017OPhy...15..118B"><span>Research of <span class="hlt">influence</span> of open-winding faults on properties of brushless permanent <span class="hlt">magnets</span> motor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bogusz, Piotr; Korkosz, Mariusz; Powrózek, Adam; Prokop, Jan; Wygonik, Piotr</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The paper presents an analysis of <span class="hlt">influence</span> of selected fault states on properties of brushless DC motor with permanent <span class="hlt">magnets</span>. The subject of study was a BLDC motor designed by the authors for unmanned aerial vehicle hybrid drive. Four parallel branches per each phase were provided in the discussed 3-phase motor. After open-winding fault in single or few parallel branches, a further operation of the motor can be continued. Waveforms of currents, voltages and electromagnetic torque were determined in discussed fault states based on the developed mathematical and simulation models. Laboratory test results concerning an <span class="hlt">influence</span> of open-windings faults in parallel branches on properties of BLDC motor were presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MS%26E...18l2003N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MS%26E...18l2003N"><span><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> studies on Layered solid solution Lix(Ni0.4Mn0.6)2-xO2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nakao, K.; Nakamura, T.; Yamada, Y.; Koshiba, N.</p> <p>2011-05-01</p> <p>Lix(Ni0.4Mn0.6)2-xO2 (1.09<=x<=1.23) were prepared by the solid-state reaction using LiOH and coprecipitated mixed hydroxide as raw materials. All the compounds have a layered rock-salt structure, and the cation mixing degree (Ni2+ occupancy in the Li-layer) decreases with an increase in x. From the low-temperature <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> measurement, they all have negative Weiss temperature and spontaneous <span class="hlt">magnetization</span>, that is, they are ferromagnetic materials. Both the Curie temperature and the spontaneous <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> at 4.2K decrease with an increase in x. These <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> variations are attributed to the lowering of the cation mixing degree: the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> interaction network turns to two-dimensional one with the loss of the inert-layer coupling. These situations may be considered semi-quantitatively using the ferromagnetic cluster model. Additionally, the cation mixing degree has an <span class="hlt">influence</span> on their electrochemical properties such as <span class="hlt">cycle</span> fading and rate capability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.7285N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.7285N"><span>Reconstructing the 11-year solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> length from cosmogenic radionuclides for the last 600 years</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nilsson, Emma; Adolphi, Florian; Mekhaldi, Florian; Muscheler, Raimund</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The cyclic behavior of the solar <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field has been known for centuries and the 11-year solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> is one of the most important features directly visible on the solar disc. Using sunspot records it is evident that the length of this <span class="hlt">cycle</span> is variable. A hypothesis of an inverse relationship between the average solar activity level and the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> length has been put forward (e.g. Friis-Christensen & Lassen, 1991), indicating longer solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span> during periods of low solar activity and vice versa. So far, studies of the behavior of the 11-year solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> have largely been limited for the last 4 centuries where observational sunspot data are available. However, cosmogenic radionuclides, such as 10Be and 14C from ice cores and tree rings allow an assessment of the strength of the open solar <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field due to its shielding <span class="hlt">influence</span> on galactic cosmic rays in the heliosphere. Similarly, very strong solar storms can leave their imprint in cosmogenic radionuclide records via solar proton-induced direct production of cosmogenic radionuclides in the Earth atmosphere. Here, we test the hypothesis of an inverse relationship between solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> length and the longer-term solar activity level by using cosmogenic radionuclide records as a proxy for solar activity. Our results for the last six centuries suggest significant solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> length variations that could exceed the range directly inferred from sunspot records. We discuss the occurrence of SPEs within the 11-year solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> from a radionuclide perspective, specifically the largest one known yet, at AD 774-5 (Mekhaldi et al., 2015). References: Friis-Christensen, E. & Lassen, K. Length of the solar-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> - An indicator of solar activity closely associated with climate. Science 254, 698-700, doi:10.1126/science.254.5032.698 (1991). Mekhaldi, F., Muscheler, R., Adolphi, F., Aldahan, A., Beer, J., McConnell, J. R., Possnert, G., Sigl, M., Svensson, A., Synal, H. A., Welten, K. C. & Woodruff, T. E</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=algae&id=EJ758423','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=algae&id=EJ758423"><span>Seeing the Carbon <span class="hlt">Cycle</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Drouin, Pamela; Welty, David J.; Repeta, Daniel; Engle-Belknap, Cheryl A.; Cramer, Catherine; Frashure, Kim; Chen, Robert</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>In this article, the authors present a classroom experiment that was developed to introduce middle school learners to the carbon <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. The experiment deals with transfer of CO[subscript 2] between liquid reservoirs and the effect CO[subscript 2] has on algae growth. It allows students to observe the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the carbon <span class="hlt">cycle</span> on algae growth,…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22684680','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22684680"><span>Fluorochrome-functionalized <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles for high-sensitivity monitoring of the polymerase chain reaction by <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> resonance.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Alcantara, David; Guo, Yanyan; Yuan, Hushan; Goergen, Craig J; Chen, Howard H; Cho, Hoonsung; Sosnovik, David E; Josephson, Lee</p> <p>2012-07-09</p> <p>Easy to find: <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles bearing fluorochromes (red) that intercalate with DNA (green) form microaggregates with DNA generated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These aggregates can be detected at low <span class="hlt">cycle</span> numbers by <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> resonance (MR). Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..1113364M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..1113364M"><span>Encore of the Bashful ballerina in solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mursula, K.; Virtanen, I. I.</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>The rotation averaged location of the heliospheric current sheet has been found to be shifted systematically southward for about three years in the late declining to minimum phase of the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. This behaviour, called by the concept of the Bashful ballerina, has earlier been shown to be valid at least during the active solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> of the last century since the late 1920s. Recently, Zhao et al have analysed the WSO observations and conclude that there is no southward coning in HCS or north-south difference in the heliospheric <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field during the late declining phase of solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23. In disagreement with these results, we find that there is a similar but smaller southward shift of the HCS and dominance of the northern field area as in all previous solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. The present smaller asymmetry is in agreement with an earlier observation based on long-term geomagnetic activity that solar hemispheric asymmetry is larger during highly active solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. Moreover, we connect the smallness of shift to the structure of the solar <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field with an exceptionally large tilt. We also discuss the cause of the differences between the two approaches reaching different conclusions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000033986&hterms=forecasts+future&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dforecasts%2Bfor%2Bthe%2Bfuture','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000033986&hterms=forecasts+future&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dforecasts%2Bfor%2Bthe%2Bfuture"><span>Status of <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> 23 Forecasts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hathaway, D. H.</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>A number of techniques for predicting solar activity on a solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> time scale are identified, described, and tested with historical data. Some techniques, e.g,, regression and curve-fitting, work well as solar activity approaches maximum and provide a month- by-month description of future activity, while others, e.g., geomagnetic precursors, work well near solar minimum but provide an estimate only of the amplitude of the <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. A synthesis of different techniques is shown to provide a more accurate and useful forecast of solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> activity levels. A combination of two uncorrelated geomagnetic precursor techniques provides the most accurate prediction for the amplitude of a solar activity <span class="hlt">cycle</span> at a time well before activity minimum. This precursor method gave a smoothed sunspot number maximum of 154+21 for <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23. A mathematical function dependent upon the time of <span class="hlt">cycle</span> initiation and the <span class="hlt">cycle</span> amplitude then describes the level of solar activity for the complete <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. As the time of <span class="hlt">cycle</span> maximum approaches a better estimate of the <span class="hlt">cycle</span> activity is obtained by including the fit between recent activity levels and this function. This Combined Solar <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> Activity Forecast now gives a smoothed sunspot maximum of 140+20 for <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23. The success of the geomagnetic precursors in predicting future solar activity suggests that solar <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> phenomena at latitudes above the sunspot activity belts are linked to solar activity, which occurs many years later in the lower latitudes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24745603','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24745603"><span>Dynamic characteristics of the rotor in a <span class="hlt">magnetically</span> suspended control moment gyroscope with active <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> bearing and passive <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> bearing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tang, Jiqiang; Xiang, Biao; Zhang, Yongbin</p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>For a <span class="hlt">magnetically</span> suspended control moment gyroscope, stiffness and damping of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> bearing will <span class="hlt">influence</span> modal frequency of a rotor. In this paper the relationship between modal frequency and stiffness and damping has been investigated. The mathematic calculation model of axial passive <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> bearing (PMB) stiffness is developed. And PID control based on internal model control is introduced into control of radial active <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> bearing (AMB), considering the radial coupling of axial PMB, a mathematic calculation model of stiffness and damping of radial AMB is established. According to modal analysis, the relationship between modal frequency and modal shapes is achieved. Radial vibration frequency is mainly <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by stiffness of radial AMB; however, when stiffness increases, radial vibration will disappear and a high frequency bending modal will appear. Stiffness of axial PMB mainly affects the axial vibration mode, which will turn into high-order bending modal. Axial PMB causes bigger <span class="hlt">influence</span> on torsion modal of the rotor. Copyright © 2014 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930063481&hterms=Sacramento+CA&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3DSacramento%252C%2BCA','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930063481&hterms=Sacramento+CA&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3DSacramento%252C%2BCA"><span>The solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>; Proceedings of the National Solar Observatory/Sacramento Peak 12th Summer Workshop, Sunspot, NM, Oct. 15-18, 1991</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Harvey, Karen L. (Editor)</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>Attention is given to a flux-transport model, the effect of fractal distribution on the evolution of solar surface <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields, active nests on the sun, <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux transport in solar active regions, recent advances in stellar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> research, <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> intermittency on the sun, a search for existence of large-scale motions on the sun, and new solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> data from the NASA/NSO spectromagnetograph. Attention is also given to the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> variation of coronal temperature during <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 22, the distribution of the north-south asymmetry for the various activity <span class="hlt">cycles</span>, solar luminosity variation, a two-parameter model of total solar irradiance variation over the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, the origin of the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, nonlinear feedbacks in the solar dynamo, and long-term dynamics of the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JPhD...46D5002A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JPhD...46D5002A"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of nitrogen on <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of indium oxide</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ashok, Vishal Dev; De, S. K.</p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> properties of indium oxide (In2O3) prepared by the decomposition of indium nitrate/indium hydroxide in the presence of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) has been investigated. Structural and optical characterizations confirm that nitrogen is incorporated into In2O3. <span class="hlt">Magnetization</span> has been convoluted to individual diamagnetic paramagnetic and ferromagnetic contributions with varying concentration of NH4Cl. Spin wave with diverging thermal exponent dominates in both field cool and zero field cool <span class="hlt">magnetizations</span>. Uniaxial anisotropy plays an important role in <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> as a function of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field at higher concentration of NH4Cl. Avrami analysis indicates the absence of pinning effect in the <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> process. Ferromagnetism has been interpreted in terms of local moments induced by anion dopant and strong hybridization with host cation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MNRAS.473.4326A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MNRAS.473.4326A"><span>Far beyond the Sun - I. The beating <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> heart in Horologium</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Alvarado-Gómez, Julián D.; Hussain, Gaitee A. J.; Drake, Jeremy J.; Donati, Jean-François; Sanz-Forcada, Jorge; Stelzer, Beate; Cohen, Ofer; Amazo-Gómez, Eliana M.; Grunhut, Jason H.; Garraffo, Cecilia; Moschou, Sofia P.; Silvester, James; Oksala, Mary E.</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>A former member of the Hyades cluster, ι Horologii (ι Hor) is a planet-hosting Sun-like star which displays the shortest coronal activity <span class="hlt">cycle</span> known to date (Pcyc ∼ 1.6 yr). With an age of ∼625 Myr, ι Hor is also the youngest star with a detected activity <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. The study of its <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties holds the potential to provide fundamental information to understand the origin of cyclic activity and stellar <span class="hlt">magnetism</span> in late-type stars. In this series of papers, we present the results of a comprehensive project aimed at studying the evolving <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field in this star and how this evolution <span class="hlt">influences</span> its circumstellar environment. This paper summarizes the first stage of this investigation, with results from a long-term observing campaign of ι Hor using ground-based high-resolution spectropolarimetry. The analysis includes precise measurements of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> activity and radial velocity of the star, and their multiple time-scales of variability. In combination with values reported in the literature, we show that the long-term chromospheric activity evolution of ι Hor follows a beating pattern, caused by the superposition of two periodic signals of similar amplitude at P1 ≃ 1.97 ± 0.02 yr and P2 ≃ 1.41 ± 0.01 yr. Additionally, using the most recent parameters for ι Hor b in combination with our activity and radial velocity measurements, we find that stellar activity dominates the radial velocity residuals, making the detection of additional planets in this system challenging. Finally, we report here the first measurements of the surface longitudinal <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field strength of ι Hor, which displays varying amplitudes within ±4 G and served to estimate the rotation period of the star (P_rot = 7.70^{+0.18}_{-0.67} d).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26661640','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26661640"><span>Low intensity <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field <span class="hlt">influences</span> short-term memory: A study in a group of healthy students.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Navarro, Enrique A; Gomez-Perretta, Claudio; Montes, Francisco</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>This study analyzes if an external <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> stimulus (2 kHz and approximately 0.1 μT applied near frontal cortex) <span class="hlt">influences</span> working memory, perception, binary decision, motor execution, and sustained attention in humans. A <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> stimulus and a sham stimulus were applied to both sides of the head (frontal cortex close to temporal-parietal area) in young and healthy male test subjects (n = 65) while performing Sternberg's memory scanning task. There was a significant change in reaction time. Times recorded for perception, sustained attention, and motor execution were lower in exposed subjects (P < 0.01). However, time employed in binary decision increased for subjects exposed to <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields. From results, it seems that a low intensity 2 kHz exposure modifies short-term working memory, as well as perception, binary decision, motor execution, and sustained attention. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28118864','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28118864"><span>Alcohol consumption and <span class="hlt">cycling</span> in contrast to driving.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hagemeister, Carmen; Kronmaier, Markus</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>In Germany, the legal blood alcohol limit for cyclists is much higher (0.16 percent) than the limit for drivers (0.05 percent) - as long as no crash has occurred. The proportion of police-recorded crashes with personal damage under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> is higher for cyclists than drivers, and the blood alcohol concentrations are higher for cyclists than drivers. 63 women and 204 men who drive a car and use a bike and drink alcohol participated in the online study. In the sample, <span class="hlt">cycling</span> under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> (CUI) was more frequent and was observed more frequently among friends than driving under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> (DUI). Persons who use a particular vehicle type more often in general and when they visit friends also use it more often after alcohol consumption. Persons who drink alcohol more often <span class="hlt">cycle</span> more often after alcohol consumption. In all aspects covered, drink <span class="hlt">cycling</span> was seen as more acceptable and less dangerous than drink driving. Persons who <span class="hlt">cycle</span> more often under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> observe drink <span class="hlt">cycling</span> more often among their friends. They think they are less of a danger to themselves and others when <span class="hlt">cycling</span> after alcohol consumption, and they agree less with the statement that one should leave one's bike parked after alcohol consumption. The attitudes that drinking is unsafe for one's own driving and that one should leave one's car parked are important predictors of (non-)drink driving. For <span class="hlt">cycling</span>, the most important predictors are bike use frequency and observing drink <span class="hlt">cycling</span> among friends. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ZPC...232..819G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ZPC...232..819G"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of Organic Ligands on the Surface Oxidation State and <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Properties of Iron Oxide Particles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Goroncy, Christian; Saloga, Patrick E. J.; Gruner, Mathias; Schmudde, Madlen; Vonnemann, Jonathan; Otero, Edwige; Haag, Rainer; Graf, Christina</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>For the application of iron oxide nanoparticles from thermal decomposition approaches as contrast agents in <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> resonance imaging (MRI), their initial hydrophobic ligands have to be replaced by hydrophilic ones. This exchange can <span class="hlt">influence</span> the surface oxidation state and the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of the particles. Here, the effect of the anchor group of three organic ligands, citric acid and two catechols, dihydrocaffeic acid and its nitrated derivative nitro dihydrocaffeic acid on iron oxide nanoparticles is evaluated. The oleate ligands of Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles prepared by the thermal decomposition of iron oleate were exchanged against the hydrophilic ligands. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, especially X-ray <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements in the total electron yield (TEY) mode was used to investigate local <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> and electronic properties of the particles' surface region before and after the ligand exchange. XMCD was combined with charge transfer multiplet calculations which provide information on the contributions of Fe2+ and Fe3+ at different lattice sites, i.e. either in tetrahedral or octahedral environment. The obtained data demonstrate that nitro hydrocaffeic acid leads to least reduction of the magnetizability of the surface region of the iron oxide nanoparticles compared to the two other ligands. For all hydrophilic samples, the proportion of Fe3+ ions in octahedral sites increases at the expense of the Fe2+ in octahedral sites whereas the percentage of Fe3+ in tetrahedral sites hardly changes. These observations suggest that an oxidation process took place, but a selective decrease of the Fe2+ ions in octahedral sites ions due to surface dissolution processes is unlikely. The citrate ligand has the least oxidative effect, whereas the degree of oxidation was similar for both catechol ligands regardless of the nitro group. Twenty-four hours of incubation in isotonic saline has nearly no <span class="hlt">influences</span> on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22654142-coronal-dynamic-activities-declining-phase-solar-cycle','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22654142-coronal-dynamic-activities-declining-phase-solar-cycle"><span>CORONAL DYNAMIC ACTIVITIES IN THE DECLINING PHASE OF A SOLAR <span class="hlt">CYCLE</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Jang, Minhwan; Choe, G. S.; Woods, T. N.</p> <p>2016-12-10</p> <p>It has been known that some solar activity indicators show a double-peak feature in their evolution through a solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, which is not conspicuous in sunspot number. In this Letter, we investigate the high solar dynamic activity in the declining phase of the sunspot <span class="hlt">cycle</span> by examining the evolution of polar and low-latitude coronal hole (CH) areas, splitting and merging events of CHs, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) detected by SOHO /LASCO C3 in solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23. Although the total CH area is at its maximum near the sunspot minimum, in which polar CHs prevail, it shows a comparable secondmore » maximum in the declining phase of the <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, in which low-latitude CHs are dominant. The events of CH splitting or merging, which are attributed to surface motions of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fluxes, are also mostly populated in the declining phase of the <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. The far-reaching C3 CMEs are also overpopulated in the declining phase of the <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. From these results we suggest that solar dynamic activities due to the horizontal surface motions of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fluxes extend far in the declining phase of the sunspot <span class="hlt">cycle</span>.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1435720-influence-hall-term-development-magnetized-laser-produced-plasma-jets','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1435720-influence-hall-term-development-magnetized-laser-produced-plasma-jets"><span>The <span class="hlt">Influence</span> of the Hall Term on the Development of <span class="hlt">Magnetized</span> Laser-Produced Plasma Jets</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Hamlin, N.D.; Seyler, C. E.; Khiar, B.</p> <p>2018-04-29</p> <p>We present 2D axisymmetric simulation results describing the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the Hall term on laser-produced plasma jets and their interaction with an applied <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field parallel to the laser axis. Bending of the poloidal B-field lines produces an MHD shock structure surrounding a conical cavity, and a jet is produced from the convergence of the shock envelope. Both the jet and the conical cavity underneath it are bound by fast MHD shocks. We compare the MHD results generated using the extended-MHD code Physics as an Extended-MHD Relaxation System with an Efficient Upwind Scheme (PERSEUS) with MHD results generated using GORGONmore » and find reasonable agreement. We then present extended-MHD results generated using PERSEUS, which show that the Hall term has several effects on the plasma jet evolution. A hot low-density current-carrying layer of plasma develops just outside the plume, which results in a helical rather than a purely poloidal B-field, and reduces <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> stresses, resulting in delayed flow convergence and jet formation. The flow is partially frozen into the helical field, resulting in azimuthal rotation of the jet. The Hall term also produces field-aligned current in strongly <span class="hlt">magnetized</span> regions. In particular, we find the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of Hall physics on this problem to be scale-dependent. In conclusion, this points to the importance of mitigating the Hall effect in a laboratory setup, by increasing the jet density and system dimensions, in order to avoid inaccurate extrapolation to astrophysical scales.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1435720-influence-hall-term-development-magnetized-laser-produced-plasma-jets','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1435720-influence-hall-term-development-magnetized-laser-produced-plasma-jets"><span>The <span class="hlt">Influence</span> of the Hall Term on the Development of <span class="hlt">Magnetized</span> Laser-Produced Plasma Jets</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Hamlin, N.D.; Seyler, C. E.; Khiar, B.</p> <p></p> <p>We present 2D axisymmetric simulation results describing the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the Hall term on laser-produced plasma jets and their interaction with an applied <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field parallel to the laser axis. Bending of the poloidal B-field lines produces an MHD shock structure surrounding a conical cavity, and a jet is produced from the convergence of the shock envelope. Both the jet and the conical cavity underneath it are bound by fast MHD shocks. We compare the MHD results generated using the extended-MHD code Physics as an Extended-MHD Relaxation System with an Efficient Upwind Scheme (PERSEUS) with MHD results generated using GORGONmore » and find reasonable agreement. We then present extended-MHD results generated using PERSEUS, which show that the Hall term has several effects on the plasma jet evolution. A hot low-density current-carrying layer of plasma develops just outside the plume, which results in a helical rather than a purely poloidal B-field, and reduces <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> stresses, resulting in delayed flow convergence and jet formation. The flow is partially frozen into the helical field, resulting in azimuthal rotation of the jet. The Hall term also produces field-aligned current in strongly <span class="hlt">magnetized</span> regions. In particular, we find the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of Hall physics on this problem to be scale-dependent. In conclusion, this points to the importance of mitigating the Hall effect in a laboratory setup, by increasing the jet density and system dimensions, in order to avoid inaccurate extrapolation to astrophysical scales.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JMMM..282..325F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JMMM..282..325F"><span>The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields exposure on neurite outgrowth in PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fan, W.; Ding, J.; Duan, W.; Zhu, Y. M.</p> <p>2004-11-01</p> <p>The aim of present work was to investigate the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields exposure on neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. The neurite number per cell, length of neurites and directions of neurite growth with respect to the direction of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field were analyzed after exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic field for 96 h. A promotion was observed under a weak field (0.23 mT), as the average number of neurites per cell increased to 2.38±0.06 compared to 1.91±0.07 neurites/cell of the control dishes, while inhibition and directional outgrowth was evident under a relatively stronger field (1.32 mT). Our work shows that biological systems can be very sensitive to the strength of electromagnetic field.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740020498&hterms=coagulation&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dcoagulation','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740020498&hterms=coagulation&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dcoagulation"><span>Change in fibrinolytic activity under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of a constant <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. [blood coagulation normilization in heart patients</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Yepishina, S. G.</p> <p>1974-01-01</p> <p>The fibrinolytic activity of plasma changes under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of a constant <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field (CMF) with a strength of 250 or 2500 oersteds. CMF shows a tendency toward normalization of fibrinolytic processes in the presence of pathological disturbances in fibrinolysis activation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19760057110&hterms=heat+pumps&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3Dheat%2Bpumps','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19760057110&hterms=heat+pumps&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3Dheat%2Bpumps"><span><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> heat pumping near room temperature</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Brown, G. V.</p> <p>1976-01-01</p> <p>It is shown that <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> heat pumping can be made practical at room temperature by using a ferromagnetic material with a Curie point at or near operating temperature and an appropriate regenerative thermodynamic <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. Measurements are performed which show that gadolinium is a resonable working material and it is found that the application of a 7-T <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field to gadolinium at the Curie point (293 K) causes a heat release of 4 kJ/kg under isothermal conditions or a temperature rise of 14 K under adiabatic conditions. A regeneration technique can be used to lift the load of the lattice and electronic heat capacities off the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> system in order to span a reasonable temperature difference and to pump as much entropy per <span class="hlt">cycle</span> as possible</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20050180391&hterms=tapping&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dtapping','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20050180391&hterms=tapping&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dtapping"><span>The QBO as Potential Amplifier and Conduit to Lower Altitudes of Solar <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> <span class="hlt">Influence</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mayr, Hans G.; Mengel, John G.; Porter, Hayden S.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>The solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> (SC) effect in the lower atmosphere has been linked observationally to the Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO), which is generated primarily by small-scale gravity waves (GW). Following up on a 2D study with our Numerical Spectral Model (NSM), we discuss here a 3D study in which we simulated the QBO under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the SC. For a SC period of 10 years, the relative amplitude of radiative forcing is taken to vary exponentially with height, i.e., 0.2% at the surface, 2% at 50 km, 20% at 100 km and above. Applying spectral analysis to filter out and identify the SC signature, this model produces a relatively large modulation in the QBO of the lower stratospheric circulation, which is in qualitative agreement with the results obtained by Salby and Callaghan (2000) who analyzed zonal wind observations covering more than 40 years. The modeled SC modulation of the QBO extends to high latitudes where it produces temperature variations of about 1 K in the troposphere below 10 km. We report that the SC also generates in the model a hemispherically symmetric Equatorial Annual Oscillation (EAO, with 12-month period) that is largely confined to low latitudes. Under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the GWs, the SC modulated EA0 propagates down into the lower stratosphere like the QBO. As is the case for the QBO, the energy of this EA0 is partially redistributed by the meridional circulation and planetary waves, presumably, to generate measurable SC signatures in the tropospheric temperature of the polar regions, which may be related to the so called Arctic Oscillation (Thompson and Wallace, 1998). The larger SC <span class="hlt">influence</span> at higher altitudes is apparently transferred to the lower and denser regions of the atmosphere by tapping the momentum from the upward propagating GWs that drive the oscillations. The SC modulation of the QBO period could prove to be very effective in this process, as our earlier 2D study indicated. Further studies are needed, (1) to make sure that the SC</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19660000493','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19660000493"><span>Spool valve <span class="hlt">cycles</span> at controlled frequency</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Charlton, K. W.; Van Arnam, D. E.</p> <p>1966-01-01</p> <p>Spool valve accurately controls the <span class="hlt">cycle</span> of a pneumatically-actuated system over long periods. Regulation of pressure from the external source, positioning of the adjusting plugs, and <span class="hlt">magnet</span> selection, together afford wide variation in cyclic timing and speed of closure in either direction.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMGP33A1115S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMGP33A1115S"><span>Time as An Important Soil-Forming Factor <span class="hlt">Influencing</span> Modern and Ancient <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Susceptibility Enhancement Along the Delaware River Valley, USA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Stinchcomb, G. E.; Peppe, D. J.; Driese, S. G.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> susceptibility is an increasingly popular low-cost method for rapidly assessing paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental impact on buried soils. The goal of this study is to determine the primary <span class="hlt">influence(s</span>) on soil <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> susceptibility along floodplain, terrace and upland soils in the middle Delaware River Valley, USA, using environmental <span class="hlt">magnetic</span>, pedologic, and stratigraphic techniques. Two-hundred thirty samples were collected from age-constrained sandy, quartz-rich, floodplain, terrace, and upland soils (Entisols, Inceptisols). A Kruskal-Wallis (K-W) and post-hoc Tukey-Kramer (T-K) (α=0.05) multiple comparisons analysis on 176 mass-specific low-field susceptibility (Xlf) assays show that A and B horizons are <span class="hlt">magnetically</span> enhanced compared to C and E horizons (p<0.0001). Results of descriptive soil micromorphology show that A and B horizons contain anywhere from 10-50% more amorphous organic matter and clay films along pores than do C and E horizons. Enhanced Xlf values also correlate positively (R^2=0.63) with the soil molecular weathering ratio of Alumina/Bases, suggesting that increased weathering likely results in the formation of pedogenic <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> minerals and enhanced <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> susceptibility signal. Additional K-W and T-K testing show that Xlf results, when grouped by floodplain-terrace designation (i.e., chronofunction) are significantly different (p<0.0001). The older T3 terrace and upland Xlf values (0.34±0.14 10^-6 m^3 kg^-1) are greater than the younger T2 terrace (0.18±0.06 10^-6 m^3 kg^-1) values, which are greater than modern floodplain (0.09±0.01 10^-6 m^3 kg^-1) Xlf values. These data suggest that longer intervals of soil formation enhance the Χlf value. This hypothesis is further supported when 159 Xlf values are plotted vs. age for the entire Holocene. A locally-weighted regression smoothing curve (LOESS) shows two distinct intervals of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> enhancement during previously established dry intervals, the early and late</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20180000655&hterms=jupiter&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Djupiter','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20180000655&hterms=jupiter&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Djupiter"><span>The Interplanetary <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Field Observed by Juno Enroute to Jupiter</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gruesbeck, Jacob R.; Gershman, Daniel J.; Espley, Jared R.; Connerney, John E. P.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The Juno spacecraft was launched on 5 August 2011 and spent nearly 5 years traveling through the inner heliosphere on its way to Jupiter. The <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Field Investigation was powered on shortly after launch and obtained vector measurements of the interplanetary <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field (IMF) at sample rates from 1 to 64 samples/second. The evolution of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field with radial distance from the Sun is compared to similar observations obtained by Voyager 1 and 2 and the Ulysses spacecraft, allowing a comparison of the radial evolution between prior solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span> and the current depressed one. During the current solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, the strength of the IMF has decreased throughout the inner heliosphere. A comparison of the variance of the normal component of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field shows that near Earth the variability of the IMF is similar during all three solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span> but may be less at greater radial distances.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApNan.tmp...64L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApNan.tmp...64L"><span>Effect of elastic deformation and the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field on the electrical conductivity of p-Si crystals</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lys, R.; Pavlyk, B.; Didyk, R.; Shykorjak, J.; Karbovnyk, I.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>It is shown that at a deformation rate of 0.41 kg/min, the characteristic feature of the dependence of the surface resistance of the p-Si sample on the magnitude of its elastic deformation (R(σ)) is the reduction of the resistance during compression and unclamping. With the increase in the number of "compression-unclamping" <span class="hlt">cycles</span>, the difference between the positions of the compression and unclamping curves decreases. The transformation of two types of <span class="hlt">magnetically</span> sensitive defects occurs under the impact of a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field on p-Si crystals. The defects are interrelated with two factors that cause the mutually opposite <span class="hlt">influence</span> on the conductivity of the crystal. The first factor is that the action of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field decreases the activation energy of the dislocation holders, which leads to an increase in the electrical conductivity of the sample. The second factor is that due to the decay of molecules of oxygen-containing impurities in the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field, the stable chemisorption bonds appear in the crystal that leads to a decrease in its conductivity. If the sample stays in the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field for a long time, the one or the other mechanism predominates, causing a slow growth or decrease in resistance around a certain (averaged) value. Moreover, the frequency of such changes is greater in the deformed sample. The value of the surface resistance of p-Si samples does not change for a long time without the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17190668','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17190668"><span>Seasonal variation in assisted conception <span class="hlt">cycles</span> and the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of photoperiodism on outcome in in vitro fertilization <span class="hlt">cycles</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wood, Simon; Quinn, Alison; Troupe, Stephen; Kingsland, Charles; Lewis-Jones, Iwan</p> <p>2006-12-01</p> <p>The effect of seasonality and daylight length on mammalian reproduction leading to spring births has been well established, and is known as photoperiodism. In assisted reproduction there is much greater uncertainty as to the effect of seasonality. This was a 4-year retrospective analysis of 2709 standardised <span class="hlt">cycles</span> of IVF/ICSI. Data was analysed with regard to the 1642 <span class="hlt">cycles</span> occurring during the months of extended daylight (Apr-Sept) and those 1067 <span class="hlt">cycles</span> during winter months of restricted light length (Oct-Mar). The results showed that there was significant improvement in assisted conception outcomes in <span class="hlt">cycles</span> performed in summer (lighter) months with more efficient ovarian stimulation 766iu v880iu/per oocyte retrieved (p=0.006). There was similarly a significantly improved implantation rate per embryo transferred 11.42% vs 9.35% (p=0.011) and greater clinical pregnancy rate 20% vs 15% (p=0.0033) during summer <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. This study appears to demonstrate a significant benefit of increased daylight length on outcomes of IVF/ICSI <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. Whilst the exact mechanism of this is unclear, it would seem probable that melatonin may have actions at multiple sites and on multiple levels of the reproductive tract, and may exert a more profound effect on outcomes of assisted conception <span class="hlt">cycles</span> than has been previously considered.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442971','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442971"><span>[Study of the state of parietal microflora and wall of the large intestine of mice under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of anomalous <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Medvedeva, O A; Kalutskiĭ, P V; Besedin, A V; Zhiliaeva, L V; Ostap, E V; Ivanov, A V; Medvedeva, S K</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Study the possible qualitative and quantitative changes of microbial community of the parietal mucin of the large intestine and the state of the wall of the large intestine in experimental animals underbackground and anomalous <span class="hlt">influence</span> of geomagnetic field. CBA mice were put under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of anomalous <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field comparable to its intensity in Zheleznogorsk (3 Oe) for 1 and 2 weeks. Quantitative and qualitative study of mucous microflora of the large intestine of the mice was performed by bacteriological method. Identification of the microorganisms was performed by microbiological analyzer "Multiskan-Ascent" and commercial test-systems "Lachema-Czech Republic": ENTHEROtest-16, STAPHYtest-16, Streptotest-16, En-COCCUStest-16; for lactobacilli and bifidobacteria identification - API 50 CHL (bioMerieux). Bacteria content in 1 g of material was calculated by the number of microorganism colonies grown. A pattern of changes of mucous microflora of the intestine and the state of the wall of the large intestine of the experimental animals that had been put under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of anomalous <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field is shown. During evaluation of qualitative and quantitative diversity of microbial community of parietal mucin of the large intestine of the mice under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field on the background and anomalous levels changes not only in quantity and frequency of detection of obligate, transitory flora but also cell elements of mucous membrane of the wall of the large intestine were established. The results of the study allow to make a conclusion about the presence of reactivity of the parietal microflora of the intestine of the mice to the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the anomalous <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. This leads to changes in cell elements in the mucous membrane of the wall that manifest by infiltration of the connective tissue stroma by leucocytes and reconstruction of epithelium, that are features of dysbiosis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Nanot..29p5603B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Nanot..29p5603B"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of experimental parameters on iron oxide nanoparticle properties synthesized by thermal decomposition: size and nuclear <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> resonance studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Belaïd, Sarah; Stanicki, Dimitri; Vander Elst, Luce; Muller, Robert N.; Laurent, Sophie</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>A study of the experimental conditions to synthesize monodisperse iron oxide nanocrystals prepared from the thermal decomposition of iron(III) acetylacetonate was carried out in the presence of surfactants and a reducing agent. The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of temperature, synthesis time and surfactant amounts on nanoparticle properties is reported. This investigation combines relaxometric characterization and size properties. The relaxometric behavior of the nanomaterials depends on the selected experimental parameters. The synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles with a high relaxivity and a high saturation <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> can be obtained with a short reaction time at high temperature. Moreover, the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of surfactant concentrations determines the optimal value in order to produce iron oxide nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution. The optimized synthesis is rapid, robust and reproductive, and produces nearly monodisperse <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanocrystals.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JAP...101j3910T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JAP...101j3910T"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of the insertion of a nano-oxide layer on the interfacial <span class="hlt">magnetism</span> of FeMn /NiFe/Cu/NiFe spin valves</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tafur, Miguel; Alayo, W.; Munayco, P.; Baggio-Saitovitch, E.; Nascimento, V. P.; Alvarenga, A. D.; Brewer, W. D.</p> <p>2007-05-01</p> <p>We have studied the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of an inserted nano-oxide layer (NOL) on the interfacial <span class="hlt">magnetism</span> in spin-valve systems showing the giant magnetoresistance effect. Specifically, we performed a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> depth profile of these structures with and without a NOL, using the x-ray <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> circular dichroism technique. We found that insertion of a NOL into the spin-valve structure is correlated with a stronger reduction of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> moments at the ferromagnetic (FM)/NOL/FM interface in comparison with a spin valve without NOL.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JNR....19..368Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JNR....19..368Y"><span>Agglomeration, colloidal stability, and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> separation of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles: collective <span class="hlt">influences</span> on environmental engineering applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yeap, Swee Pin; Lim, JitKang; Ooi, Boon Seng; Ahmad, Abdul Latif</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> nanoparticles (MNPs) which exhibit <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> and catalytic bifunctionalities have been widely accepted as one of the most promising nanoagents used in water purification processes. However, due to the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> dipole-dipole interaction, MNPs can easily lose their colloidal stability and tend to agglomerate. Thus, it is necessary to enhance their colloidal stability in order to maintain the desired high specific surface area. Meanwhile, in order to successfully utilize MNPs for environmental engineering applications, an effective <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> separation technology has to be developed. This step is to ensure the MNPs that have been used for pollutant removal can be fully reharvested back. Unfortunately, it was recently highlighted that there exists a conflicting role between colloidal stability and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> separability of the MNPs, whereby the more colloidally stable the particle is, the harder for it to be <span class="hlt">magnetically</span> separated. In other words, attaining a win-win scenario in which the MNPs possess both good colloidal stability and fast <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> separation rate becomes challenging. Such phenomenon has to be thoroughly understood as the colloidal stability and the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> separability of MNPs play a pivotal role on affecting their effective implementation in water purification processes. Accordingly, it is the aim of this paper to provide reviews on (i) the colloidal stability and (ii) the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> separation of MNPs, as well as to provide insights on (iii) their conflicting relationship based on recent research findings. [Figure not available: see fulltext.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4720588','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4720588"><span>Investigation of the capture of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> particles from high-viscosity fluids using permanent <span class="hlt">magnets</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Garraud, A.; Velez, C.; Shah, Y.; Garraud, N.; Kozissnik, B.; Yarmola, E. G.; Allen, K. D.; Dobson, J.; Arnold, D. P.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Goal This paper investigates the practicality of using a small, permanent <span class="hlt">magnet</span> to capture <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> particles out of high-viscosity biological fluids, such as synovial fluid. Methods Numerical simulations are used to predict the trajectory of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> particles toward the permanent <span class="hlt">magnet</span>. The simulations are used to determine a “collection volume” with a time-dependent size and shape, which determines the number of particles that can be captured from the fluid in a given amount of time. Results The viscosity of the fluid strongly <span class="hlt">influences</span> the velocity of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> particles towards the <span class="hlt">magnet</span>, hence the collection volume after a given time. In regards to the design of the <span class="hlt">magnet</span>, the overall size is shown to most strongly <span class="hlt">influence</span> the collection volume in comparison to the <span class="hlt">magnet</span> shape or aspect ratio. Conclusion Numerical results showed good agreement with in vitro experimental <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> collection results. Significance In the long-term, this work aims to facilitate optimization of the collection of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> particle-biomarker conjugates from high-viscosity biological fluids without the need to remove the fluid from a patient. PMID:26208261</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26208261','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26208261"><span>Investigation of the Capture of <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Particles From High-Viscosity Fluids Using Permanent <span class="hlt">Magnets</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Garraud, Alexandra; Velez, Camilo; Shah, Yash; Garraud, Nicolas; Kozissnik, Bettina; Yarmola, Elena G; Allen, Kyle D; Dobson, Jon; Arnold, David P</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>This paper investigates the practicality of using a small, permanent <span class="hlt">magnet</span> to capture <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> particles out of high-viscosity biological fluids, such as synovial fluid. Numerical simulations are used to predict the trajectory of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> particles toward the permanent <span class="hlt">magnet</span>. The simulations are used to determine a "collection volume" with a time-dependent size and shape, which determines the number of particles that can be captured from the fluid in a given amount of time. The viscosity of the fluid strongly <span class="hlt">influences</span> the velocity of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> particles toward the <span class="hlt">magnet</span>, hence, the collection volume after a given time. In regards to the design of the <span class="hlt">magnet</span>, the overall size is shown to most strongly <span class="hlt">influence</span> the collection volume in comparison to the <span class="hlt">magnet</span> shape or aspect ratio. Numerical results showed good agreement with in vitro experimental <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> collection results. In the long term, this paper aims to facilitate optimization of the collection of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> particle-biomarker conjugates from high-viscosity biological fluids without the need to remove the fluid from a patient.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JMMM..324.4011B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JMMM..324.4011B"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of PVP in <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of NiSn nanoparticles prepared by polyol method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bobadilla, L. F.; García, C.; Delgado, J. J.; Sanz, O.; Romero-Sarria, F.; Centeno, M. A.; Odriozola, J. A.</p> <p>2012-11-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of PVP on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of NiSn nanoparticles prepared by polyol method has been studied. NiSn nanoparticles exhibit superparamagnetic behavior although there is a ferromagnetic contribution due to particles agglomerated below the blocking temperature. The particle size is controlled by the addiction of PVP in varying amounts. The addition of PVP also favours the particles isolation, narrow the particle size distribution and decrease the interparticle interaction strength increasing the superparamagnetic contribution.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMMM..451..243R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMMM..451..243R"><span>Microstructure and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of alnico permanent <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> alloys with Zr-B additives</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rehman, Sajjad Ur; Jiang, Qingzheng; Ge, Qing; Lei, Weikai; Zhang, Lili; Zeng, Qingwen; ul Haq, A.; Liu, Renhui; Zhong, Zhenchen</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Alnico alloys are prepared with nominal composition of 31.4-xFe-7.0Al-36.0Co-4.0Cu-1.0Nb-14.0Ni-6.0Ti-0.6Zr-xB (x = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, in wt%) by arc melting and casting techniques and subsequent heat treatment. The alloys are characterized by X-ray diffraction method, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and pulse field magnetometer by plotting <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> hysteresis demagnetization curve. The results of HRSEM show at least two new phases at α-grain boundaries and triple junctions. These phases, when retained at low concentration, help in enhancing <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of alnico alloys by purifying spinodal phases and reducing the adverse effects of impurity elements. Two different heat treatment <span class="hlt">cycles</span> are employed. In the first phase, the alloys are processed by using heat treatment <span class="hlt">cycles</span> without <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field; and Hc of 1.35 kOe, Br of 4.87 kGs and (BH)max of 1.96 MGOe are obtained by furnace cooling below TC and subsequent tempering at 680 °C and 550 °C. In the second phase, the alloy with best <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties is treated thermo-<span class="hlt">magnetically</span>; and Hc of 1.68 kOe, Br of 7.1 kG and (BH)max of 4.45 MGOe are obtained.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E2370O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E2370O"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of pinches on <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> reconnection in turbulent space plasmas</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Olshevsky, Vyacheslav; Lapenta, Giovanni; Markidis, Stefano; Divin, Andrey</p> <p></p> <p>A generally accepted scenario of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> reconnection in space plasmas is the breakage of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field lines in X-points. In laboratory, reconnection is widely studied in pinches, current channels embedded into twisted <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields. No model of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> reconnection in space plasmas considers both null-points and pinches as peers. We have performed a particle-in-cell simulation of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> reconnection in a three-dimensional configuration where null-points are present nitially, and Z-pinches are formed during the simulation. The X-points are relatively stable, and no substantial energy dissipation is associated with them. On contrary, turbulent <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> reconnection in the pinches causes the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> energy to decay at a rate of approximately 1.5 percent per ion gyro period. Current channels and twisted <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields are ubiquitous in turbulent space plasmas, so pinches can be responsible for the observed high <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> reconnection rates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JAP...110g3919R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JAP...110g3919R"><span>Chemical disorder <span class="hlt">influence</span> on <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> state of optimally-doped La0.7Ca0.3MnO3</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rozenberg, E.; Auslender, M.; Shames, A. I.; Jung, G.; Felner, I.; Tsindlekht, M. I.; Mogilyansky, D.; Sominski, E.; Gedanken, A.; Mukovskii, Ya. M.; Gorodetsky, G.</p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>X-band electron <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> resonance and dc/ac <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> measurements have been employed to study the effects of chemical disorder on <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> ordering in bulk and nanometer-sized single crystals and bulk ceramics of optimally-doped La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 manganite. The <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> ground state of bulk samples appeared to be ferromagnetic with the lower Curie temperature and higher <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> homogeneity in the vicinity of the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition in the crystal, as compared with those characteristics in the ceramics. The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of technological driven "macroscopic" fluctuations of Ca-dopant level in crystal and "mesoscopic" disorder within grain boundary regions in ceramics was proposed to be responsible for these effects. Surface spin disorder together with pronounced inter-particle interactions within agglomerated nano-sample results in well defined core/shell spin configuration in La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 nano-crystals. The analysis of the electron paramagnetic resonance data enlightened the reasons for the observed difference in the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> order. Lattice effects dominate the first-order nature of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> phase transition in bulk samples. However, mesoscale chemical disorder seems to be responsible for the appearance of small ferromagnetic polarons in the paramagnetic state of bulk ceramics. The experimental results and their analysis indicate that a chemical/<span class="hlt">magnetic</span> disorder has a strong impact on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> state even in the case of mostly stable optimally hole-doped manganites.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22522461-minimum-solar-cycle-deep-could','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22522461-minimum-solar-cycle-deep-could"><span>THE MINIMUM OF SOLAR <span class="hlt">CYCLE</span> 23: AS DEEP AS IT COULD BE?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Muñoz-Jaramillo, Andrés; Longcope, Dana W.; Senkpeil, Ryan R.</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>In this work we introduce a new way of binning sunspot group data with the purpose of better understanding the impact of the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> on sunspot properties and how this defined the characteristics of the extended minimum of <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23. Our approach assumes that the statistical properties of sunspots are completely determined by the strength of the underlying large-scale field and have no additional time dependencies. We use the amplitude of the <span class="hlt">cycle</span> at any given moment (something we refer to as activity level) as a proxy for the strength of this deep-seated <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. We find that themore » sunspot size distribution is composed of two populations: one population of groups and active regions and a second population of pores and ephemeral regions. When fits are performed at periods of different activity level, only the statistical properties of the former population, the active regions, are found to vary. Finally, we study the relative contribution of each component (small-scale versus large-scale) to solar <span class="hlt">magnetism</span>. We find that when hemispheres are treated separately, almost every one of the past 12 solar minima reaches a point where the main contribution to <span class="hlt">magnetism</span> comes from the small-scale component. However, due to asymmetries in <span class="hlt">cycle</span> phase, this state is very rarely reached by both hemispheres at the same time. From this we infer that even though each hemisphere did reach the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> baseline, from a heliospheric point of view the minimum of <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23 was not as deep as it could have been.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22663416-understanding-solar-cycle-variability','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22663416-understanding-solar-cycle-variability"><span>Understanding Solar <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> Variability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Cameron, R. H.; Schüssler, M., E-mail: cameron@mps.mpg.de</p> <p></p> <p>The level of solar <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> activity, as exemplified by the number of sunspots and by energetic events in the corona, varies on a wide range of timescales. Most prominent is the 11-year solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, which is significantly modulated on longer timescales. Drawing from dynamo theory, together with the empirical results of past solar activity and similar phenomena for solar-like stars, we show that the variability of the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> can be essentially understood in terms of a weakly nonlinear limit <span class="hlt">cycle</span> affected by random noise. In contrast to ad hoc “toy models” for the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, this leads to amore » generic normal-form model, whose parameters are all constrained by observations. The model reproduces the characteristics of the variable solar activity on timescales between decades and millennia, including the occurrence and statistics of extended periods of very low activity (grand minima). Comparison with results obtained with a Babcock–Leighton-type dynamo model confirm the validity of the normal-mode approach.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000A%26A...360..319S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000A%26A...360..319S"><span>Nonlinear analysis of solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Serre, T.; Nesme-Ribes, E.</p> <p>2000-08-01</p> <p>In this paper, the recent improvement of the Wolf sunspot time-series by Hoyt and co-workers has been analysed with the Global Flow Reconstruction (GFR) method (Serre et al. 1996a and b). A nonlinear 4-dimensional chaotic model has been extracted from the data which captures the principal characteristic features of the sunspot group time-series. The hypothesis of interactions between <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> modes is implicitly tested; presumably, this is the cause of the irregular variations of solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> amplitudes recorded since the year 1610. The present results indicate that interactions are occurring between few global <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> modes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25563167','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25563167"><span>Selection of organic process and source indicator substances for the anthropogenically <span class="hlt">influenced</span> water <span class="hlt">cycle</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jekel, Martin; Dott, Wolfgang; Bergmann, Axel; Dünnbier, Uwe; Gnirß, Regina; Haist-Gulde, Brigitte; Hamscher, Gerd; Letzel, Marion; Licha, Tobias; Lyko, Sven; Miehe, Ulf; Sacher, Frank; Scheurer, Marco; Schmidt, Carsten K; Reemtsma, Thorsten; Ruhl, Aki Sebastian</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>An increasing number of organic micropollutants (OMP) is detected in anthropogenically <span class="hlt">influenced</span> water <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. Source control and effective natural and technical barriers are essential to maintain a high quality of drinking water resources under these circumstances. Based on the literature and our own research this study proposes a limited number of OMP that can serve as indicator substances for the major sources of OMP, such as wastewater treatment plants, agriculture and surface runoff. Furthermore functional indicators are proposed that allow assessment of the proper function of natural and technical barriers in the aquatic environment, namely conventional municipal wastewater treatment, advanced treatment (ozonation, activated carbon), bank filtration and soil aquifer treatment as well as self-purification in surface water. These indicator substances include the artificial sweetener acesulfame, the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen, the anticonvulsant carbamazepine, the corrosion inhibitor benzotriazole and the herbicide mecoprop among others. The chemical indicator substances are intended to support comparisons between watersheds and technical and natural processes independent of specific water <span class="hlt">cycles</span> and to reduce efforts and costs of chemical analyses without losing essential information. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4060748','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4060748"><span>The factors <span class="hlt">influencing</span> car use in a <span class="hlt">cycle</span>-friendly city: the case of Cambridge</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Carse, Andrew; Goodman, Anna; Mackett, Roger L.; Panter, Jenna; Ogilvie, David</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Encouraging people out of their cars and into other modes of transport, which has major advantages for health, the environment and urban development, has proved difficult. Greater understanding of the <span class="hlt">influences</span> that lead people to use the car, particularly for shorter journeys, may help to achieve this. This paper examines the predictors of car use compared with the bicycle to explore how it may be possible to persuade more people to use the bicycle instead of the car. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the socio-demographic, transport and health-related correlates of mode choice for work, shopping and leisure trips in Cambridge, a city with high levels of <span class="hlt">cycling</span> by UK standards. The key findings are that commuting distance and free workplace parking were strongly associated with use of the car for work trips, and car availability and lower levels of education were associated with car use for leisure, shopping and short-distanced commuting trips. The case of Cambridge shows that more policies could be adopted, particularly a reduction in free car parking, to increase <span class="hlt">cycling</span> and reduce the use of the car, especially over short distances. PMID:24954981</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26150108','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26150108"><span>Climate and landscape <span class="hlt">influence</span> on indicators of lake carbon <span class="hlt">cycling</span> through spatial patterns in dissolved organic carbon.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lapierre, Jean-Francois; Seekell, David A; Del Giorgio, Paul A</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Freshwater ecosystems are strongly <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by both climate and the surrounding landscape, yet the specific pathways connecting climatic and landscape drivers to the functioning of lake ecosystems are poorly understood. Here, we hypothesize that the links that exist between spatial patterns in climate and landscape properties and the spatial variation in lake carbon (C) <span class="hlt">cycling</span> at regional scales are at least partly mediated by the movement of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the aquatic component of the landscape. We assembled a set of indicators of lake C <span class="hlt">cycling</span> (bacterial respiration and production, chlorophyll a, production to respiration ratio, and partial pressure of CO2 ), DOC concentration and composition, and landscape and climate characteristics for 239 temperate and boreal lakes spanning large environmental and geographic gradients across seven regions. There were various degrees of spatial structure in climate and landscape features that were coherent with the regionally structured patterns observed in lake DOC and indicators of C <span class="hlt">cycling</span>. These different regions aligned well, albeit nonlinearly along a mean annual temperature gradient; whereas there was a considerable statistical effect of climate and landscape properties on lake C <span class="hlt">cycling</span>, the direct effect was small and the overall effect was almost entirely overlapping with that of DOC concentration and composition. Our results suggest that key climatic and landscape signals are conveyed to lakes in part via the movement of terrestrial DOC to lakes and that DOC acts both as a driver of lake C <span class="hlt">cycling</span> and as a proxy for other external signals. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4836875','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4836875"><span>NEUTRON SOURCE USING <span class="hlt">MAGNETIC</span> COMPRESSION OF PLASMA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Quinn, W.E.; Elmore, W.C.; Little, E.M.; Boyer, K.; Tuck, J.L.</p> <p>1961-10-31</p> <p>A fusion reactor is described that utilizes compression and heating of an ionized thermonuclear fuel by an externally applied <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field, thus avoiding reliance on the pinch effect and its associated instability problems. The device consists of a gas-confining ceramic container surrounded by a single circumferential coil having a shape such as to produce a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> mirror geometry. A sinusoidally-oscillating, exponentially-damped current is passed circumferentially around the container, through the coil, inducing a circumferential current in the gas. Maximum compression and plasma temperature are obtained at the peak of the current oscillations, coinciding with maximum <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field intensity. Enhanced temperatures are obtained in the second and succeeding half <span class="hlt">cycles</span> because the thermal energy accumulates from one half <span class="hlt">cycle</span> to the next. (AEC)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1244540-influence-corn-oil-recovery-life-cycle-greenhouse-gas-emissions-corn-ethanol-corn-oil-biodiesel','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1244540-influence-corn-oil-recovery-life-cycle-greenhouse-gas-emissions-corn-ethanol-corn-oil-biodiesel"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of corn oil recovery on life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> greenhouse gas emissions of corn ethanol and corn oil biodiesel</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Wang, Zhichao; Dunn, Jennifer B.; Han, Jeongwoo; ...</p> <p>2015-11-04</p> <p>Corn oil recovery and conversion to biodiesel has been widely adopted at corn ethanol plants recently. The US EPA has projected 2.6 billion liters of biodiesel will be produced from corn oil in 2022. Corn oil biodiesel may qualify for federal renewable identification number (RIN) credits under the Renewable Fuel Standard, as well as for low greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity credits under California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard. Because multiple products [ethanol, biodiesel, and distiller’s grain with solubles (DGS)] are produced from one feedstock (corn), however, a careful co-product treatment approach is required to accurately estimate GHG intensities of bothmore » ethanol and corn oil biodiesel and to avoid double counting of benefits associated with corn oil biodiesel production. This study develops four co-product treatment methods: (1) displacement, (2) marginal, (3) hybrid allocation, and (4) process-level energy allocation. Life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> GHG emissions for corn oil biodiesel were more sensitive to the choice of co-product allocation method because significantly less corn oil biodiesel is produced than corn ethanol at a dry mill. Corn ethanol life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> GHG emissions with the displacement, marginal, and hybrid allocation approaches are similar (61, 62, and 59 g CO 2e/MJ, respectively). Although corn ethanol and DGS share upstream farming and conversion burdens in both the hybrid and process-level energy allocation methods, DGS bears a higher burden in the latter because it has lower energy content per selling price as compared to corn ethanol. As a result, with the process-level allocation approach, ethanol’s life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> GHG emissions are lower at 46 g CO 2e/MJ. Corn oil biodiesel life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> GHG emissions from the marginal, hybrid allocation, and process-level energy allocation methods were 14, 59, and 45 g CO 2e/MJ, respectively. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to investigate the <span class="hlt">influence</span> corn oil yield, soy biodiesel, and defatted DGS</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26543502','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26543502"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of corn oil recovery on life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> greenhouse gas emissions of corn ethanol and corn oil biodiesel.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Zhichao; Dunn, Jennifer B; Han, Jeongwoo; Wang, Michael Q</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Corn oil recovery and conversion to biodiesel has been widely adopted at corn ethanol plants recently. The US EPA has projected 2.6 billion liters of biodiesel will be produced from corn oil in 2022. Corn oil biodiesel may qualify for federal renewable identification number (RIN) credits under the Renewable Fuel Standard, as well as for low greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity credits under California's Low Carbon Fuel Standard. Because multiple products [ethanol, biodiesel, and distiller's grain with solubles (DGS)] are produced from one feedstock (corn), however, a careful co-product treatment approach is required to accurately estimate GHG intensities of both ethanol and corn oil biodiesel and to avoid double counting of benefits associated with corn oil biodiesel production. This study develops four co-product treatment methods: (1) displacement, (2) marginal, (3) hybrid allocation, and (4) process-level energy allocation. Life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> GHG emissions for corn oil biodiesel were more sensitive to the choice of co-product allocation method because significantly less corn oil biodiesel is produced than corn ethanol at a dry mill. Corn ethanol life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> GHG emissions with the displacement, marginal, and hybrid allocation approaches are similar (61, 62, and 59 g CO2e/MJ, respectively). Although corn ethanol and DGS share upstream farming and conversion burdens in both the hybrid and process-level energy allocation methods, DGS bears a higher burden in the latter because it has lower energy content per selling price as compared to corn ethanol. As a result, with the process-level allocation approach, ethanol's life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> GHG emissions are lower at 46 g CO2e/MJ. Corn oil biodiesel life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> GHG emissions from the marginal, hybrid allocation, and process-level energy allocation methods were 14, 59, and 45 g CO2e/MJ, respectively. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to investigate the <span class="hlt">influence</span> corn oil yield, soy biodiesel, and defatted DGS displacement credits</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1244540','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1244540"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of corn oil recovery on life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> greenhouse gas emissions of corn ethanol and corn oil biodiesel</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Wang, Zhichao; Dunn, Jennifer B.; Han, Jeongwoo</p> <p></p> <p>Corn oil recovery and conversion to biodiesel has been widely adopted at corn ethanol plants recently. The US EPA has projected 2.6 billion liters of biodiesel will be produced from corn oil in 2022. Corn oil biodiesel may qualify for federal renewable identification number (RIN) credits under the Renewable Fuel Standard, as well as for low greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity credits under California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard. Because multiple products [ethanol, biodiesel, and distiller’s grain with solubles (DGS)] are produced from one feedstock (corn), however, a careful co-product treatment approach is required to accurately estimate GHG intensities of bothmore » ethanol and corn oil biodiesel and to avoid double counting of benefits associated with corn oil biodiesel production. This study develops four co-product treatment methods: (1) displacement, (2) marginal, (3) hybrid allocation, and (4) process-level energy allocation. Life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> GHG emissions for corn oil biodiesel were more sensitive to the choice of co-product allocation method because significantly less corn oil biodiesel is produced than corn ethanol at a dry mill. Corn ethanol life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> GHG emissions with the displacement, marginal, and hybrid allocation approaches are similar (61, 62, and 59 g CO 2e/MJ, respectively). Although corn ethanol and DGS share upstream farming and conversion burdens in both the hybrid and process-level energy allocation methods, DGS bears a higher burden in the latter because it has lower energy content per selling price as compared to corn ethanol. As a result, with the process-level allocation approach, ethanol’s life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> GHG emissions are lower at 46 g CO 2e/MJ. Corn oil biodiesel life-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> GHG emissions from the marginal, hybrid allocation, and process-level energy allocation methods were 14, 59, and 45 g CO 2e/MJ, respectively. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to investigate the <span class="hlt">influence</span> corn oil yield, soy biodiesel, and defatted DGS</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005PhDT........67F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005PhDT........67F"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of cation choice on <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> behavior of III-N dilute <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> semiconductors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Frazier, Rachel Marian</p> <p></p> <p>With the increasing interest in spintronics, many attempts have been made at incorporating spin-based functionality into existing semiconductor technology. One approach, utilizing dilute <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> semiconductors (DMS) formed via introduction of transition metal ions into III-Nitride hosts, would allow for integration of spin based phenomena into current wide bandgap device technology. To accomplish such device structures, it is necessary to achieve single phase transition metal doped GaN and AlN which exhibit room temperature <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> behavior. Ion implantation is an effective survey method for introduction of various transition metals into AlN. In ion implanted AlN, the Co and Cr doped films showed hysteresis at 300K while the Mn doped material did not. However, it is not a technique which will allow for the development of advanced spin based devices. Such devices will require epitaxial methods of the sort currently used for synthesis of III-Nitride optoelectronics. One such technique, Gas Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy (GSMBE), has been used to synthesize AlN films doped with Cr and Mn. Room temperature ferromagnetism has been observed for AlMnN and AlCrN grown by GSMBE. In both cases, the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> signal was found to depend on the flux of the dopant. The <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> of the AlCrN was found to be an order of magnitude greater than in the AlMnN. The temperature dependent <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> behavior of AlCrN was also superior to AlMnN; however, the AlCrN was not resistant to thermal degradation. An all-semiconductor tunneling magnetoresistive device (TMR) was grown with GaMnN as a spin injector and AlMnN as a spin filter. The resistance of the device should change with applied <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field depending on the <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> of the injector and filter. However, due to the impurity bands found in the AlMnN, the resistance was found to change very little with <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. To overcome such obstacles as found in the transition metal doped AlN, another dopant must be used. One</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JAP...117qE703H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JAP...117qE703H"><span>Enhanced <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> hysteresis in Ni-Mn-Ga single crystal and its <span class="hlt">influence</span> on <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> shape memory effect</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Heczko, O.; Drahokoupil, J.; Straka, L.</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>Enhanced <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> hysteresis due to boron doping in combination with <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> shape memory effect in Ni-Mn-Ga single crystal results in new interesting functionality of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> shape memory (MSM) alloys such as mechanical demagnetization. In Ni50.0Mn28.5Ga21.5 single crystal, the boron doping increased <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> coercivity from few Oe to 270 Oe while not affecting the transformation behavior and 10 M martensite structure. However, the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field needed for MSM effect also increased in doped sample. The <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> behavior is compared to undoped single crystal of similar composition. The evidence from the X-ray diffraction, <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> domain structure, <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> loops, and temperature evolution of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> coercivity points out that the enhanced hysteresis is caused by stress-induced anisotropy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102987','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102987"><span>Vagus Nerve Stimulation Applied with a Rapid <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> Has More Profound <span class="hlt">Influence</span> on Hippocampal Electrophysiology Than a Standard <span class="hlt">Cycle</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Larsen, Lars E; Wadman, Wytse J; Marinazzo, Daniele; van Mierlo, Pieter; Delbeke, Jean; Daelemans, Sofie; Sprengers, Mathieu; Thyrion, Lisa; Van Lysebettens, Wouter; Carrette, Evelien; Boon, Paul; Vonck, Kristl; Raedt, Robrecht</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>Although vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is widely used, therapeutic mechanisms and optimal stimulation parameters remain elusive. In the present study, we investigated the effect of VNS on hippocampal field activity and compared the efficiency of different VNS paradigms. Hippocampal electroencephalography (EEG) and perforant path dentate field-evoked potentials were acquired before and during VNS in freely moving rats, using 2 VNS duty <span class="hlt">cycles</span>: a rapid <span class="hlt">cycle</span> (7 s on, 18 s off) and standard <span class="hlt">cycle</span> (30 s on, 300 s off) and various output currents. VNS modulated the evoked potentials, reduced total power of the hippocampal EEG, and slowed the theta rhythm. In the hippocampal EEG, theta (4-8 Hz) and high gamma (75-150 Hz) activity displayed strong phase amplitude coupling that was reduced by VNS. Rapid-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> VNS had a greater effect than standard-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> VNS on all outcome measures. Using rapid <span class="hlt">cycle</span> VNS, a maximal effect on EEG parameters was found at 300 μA, beyond which effects saturated. The findings suggest that rapid-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> VNS produces a more robust outcome than standard <span class="hlt">cycle</span> VNS and support already existing preclinical evidence that relatively low output currents are sufficient to produce changes in brain physiology and thus likely also therapeutic efficacy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26PSL.473..154D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26PSL.473..154D"><span>The South Atlantic Anomaly throughout the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Domingos, João; Jault, Dominique; Pais, Maria Alexandra; Mandea, Mioara</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>The Sun-Earth's interaction is characterized by a highly dynamic electromagnetic environment, in which the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field produced in the Earth's core plays an important role. One of the striking characteristics of the present geomagnetic field is denoted the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) where the total field intensity is unusually low and the flux of charged particles, trapped in the inner Van Allen radiation belts, is maximum. Here, we use, on one hand, a recent geomagnetic field model, CHAOS-6, and on the other hand, data provided by different platforms (satellites orbiting the Earth - POES NOAA for 1998-2014 and CALIPSO for 2006-2014). Evolution of the SAA particle flux can be seen as the result of two main effects, the secular variation of the Earth's core <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field and the modulation of the density of the inner radiation belts during the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, as a function of the L value that characterises the drift shell, where charged particles are trapped. To study the evolution of the particle flux anomaly, we rely on a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of either POES particle flux or CALIOP dark noise. Analysed data are distributed on a geographical grid at satellite altitude, based on a L-shell reference frame constructed from the moving eccentric dipole. Changes in the main <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field are responsible for the observed westward drift. Three PCA modes account for the time evolution related to solar effects. Both the first and second modes have a good correlation with the thermospheric density, which varies in response to the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. The first mode represents the total intensity variation of the particle flux in the SAA, and the second the movement of the anomaly between different L-shells. The proposed analysis allows us to well recover the westward drift rate, as well as the latitudinal and longitudinal solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> oscillations, although the analysed data do not cover a complete (Hale) <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> (around 22 yr). Moreover, the developments</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhRvE..90d2311T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhRvE..90d2311T"><span>Tunable dynamic response of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> gels: Impact of structural properties and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tarama, Mitsusuke; Cremer, Peet; Borin, Dmitry Y.; Odenbach, Stefan; Löwen, Hartmut; Menzel, Andreas M.</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>Ferrogels and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> elastomers feature mechanical properties that can be reversibly tuned from outside through <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields. Here we concentrate on the question of how their dynamic response can be adjusted. The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of three factors on the dynamic behavior is demonstrated using appropriate minimal models: first, the orientational memory imprinted into one class of the materials during their synthesis; second, the structural arrangement of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> particles in the materials; and third, the strength of an external <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. To illustrate the latter point, structural data are extracted from a real experimental sample and analyzed. Understanding how internal structural properties and external <span class="hlt">influences</span> impact the dominant dynamical properties helps to design materials that optimize the requested behavior.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016fati.book..201L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016fati.book..201L"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of Austenite Stability on Steel Low <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> Fatigue Response</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lehnhoff, G. R.; Findley, K. O.</p> <p></p> <p>Austenitic steels were subjected to tensile and total strain controlled, fully reversed axial low <span class="hlt">cycle</span> fatigue (LCF) testing to determine the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of stacking fault energy on austenite stability, or resistance to strain induced martensitic transformation during tensile and fatigue deformation. Expected differences in stacking fault energy were achieved by modifying alloys with different amounts of silicon and aluminum. Al alloying was found to promote martensite formation during both tensile and LCF loading, while Si was found to stabilize austenite. Martensite formation increases tensile work hardening rates, though Si additions also increase the work hardening rate without martensite transformation. Similarly, secondary cyclic strain hardening during LCF is attributed to strain induced martensite formation, but Si alloying resulted in less secondary cyclic strain hardening. The amount of secondary cyclic hardening scales linearly with martensite fraction and depends only on the martensite fraction achieved and not on the martensite (i.e. parent austenite) chemistry. Martensite formation was detrimental to LCF lives at all strain amplitudes tested, although the total amount of martensitic transformation during LCF did not always monotonically increase with strain amplitude nor correlate to the amount of tensile transformation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.C21B0549J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.C21B0549J"><span>ANDRILL Borehole AND-1B: Well Log Analysis of Lithofacies and Glacimarine <span class="hlt">Cycles</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jackolski, C. L.; Williams, T.; Powell, R. D.; Jarrard, R.; Morin, R. H.; Talarico, F. M.; Niessen, F.; Kuhn, G.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>During the 2006-2007 austral summer, the Antarctic geological drilling program ANDRILL recovered cores of sedimentary rock from a 1285-m-deep borehole below the McMurdo Ice Shelf. Well logging instruments were deployed to a depth of 1017 mbsf after core recovery. This study focuses on two intervals of the AND-1B borehole: upper HQ (238-343 mbsf; Pliocene) and NQ (698-1017 mbsf; upper Miocene), which were logged with natural gamma ray, induction resistivity and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> susceptibility tools. To understand how the well logs fit into a more complete physical properties data set, we performed factor and cluster analyses on a suite of well logs and core logs in the upper HQ and NQ intervals. In both intervals, factor analysis groups resistivity and core P-velocity into a factor that we interpret as being inversely proportional to porosity. It also groups natural gamma and potassium (from the XRF core scanner) into a factor that we interpret as a particle-size or lithology index. An additional factor in the NQ interval, <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by clast number and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> susceptibility, distinguishes subglacial diamictites from other lithofacies. The factors in each interval (2 in HQ, 3 in NQ) are used as input to cluster analysis. The results are log data objectively organized into clusters, or electrofacies. We compare these electrofacies to the lithofacies, well logs and unconformity-bounded glacimarine <span class="hlt">cycles</span> of AND-1B. Patterns in the glacimarine <span class="hlt">cycles</span> are observed in the well logs and electrofacies. In the NQ glacimarine sediments, an electrofacies pattern is produced between subglacial diamictites at the bottom of each sequence and the glacial retreat facies above. Subglacial diamictites have higher values for the additional NQ factor, corresponding to clast number and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> susceptibility, than the muds and sands that form the retreat facies. Differences in the porosity factor are not observed in any electrofacies pattern in the NQ interval, but subtle patterns in the</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25867479','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25867479"><span>Iron oxide nanoparticles for <span class="hlt">magnetically</span>-guided and <span class="hlt">magnetically</span>-responsive drug delivery.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Estelrich, Joan; Escribano, Elvira; Queralt, Josep; Busquets, Maria Antònia</p> <p>2015-04-10</p> <p>In this review, we discuss the recent advances in and problems with the use of <span class="hlt">magnetically</span>-guided and <span class="hlt">magnetically</span>-responsive nanoparticles in drug delivery and magnetofection. In <span class="hlt">magnetically</span>-guided nanoparticles, a constant external <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field is used to transport <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles loaded with drugs to a specific site within the body or to increase the transfection capacity. Magnetofection is the delivery of nucleic acids under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field acting on nucleic acid vectors that are associated with <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles. In <span class="hlt">magnetically</span>-responsive nanoparticles, <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles are encapsulated or embedded in a larger colloidal structure that carries a drug. In this last case, an alternating <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field can modify the structure of the colloid, thereby providing spatial and temporal control over drug release.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4425068','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4425068"><span>Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for <span class="hlt">Magnetically</span>-Guided and <span class="hlt">Magnetically</span>-Responsive Drug Delivery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Estelrich, Joan; Escribano, Elvira; Queralt, Josep; Busquets, Maria Antònia</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>In this review, we discuss the recent advances in and problems with the use of <span class="hlt">magnetically</span>-guided and <span class="hlt">magnetically</span>-responsive nanoparticles in drug delivery and magnetofection. In <span class="hlt">magnetically</span>-guided nanoparticles, a constant external <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field is used to transport <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles loaded with drugs to a specific site within the body or to increase the transfection capacity. Magnetofection is the delivery of nucleic acids under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field acting on nucleic acid vectors that are associated with <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles. In <span class="hlt">magnetically</span>-responsive nanoparticles, <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles are encapsulated or embedded in a larger colloidal structure that carries a drug. In this last case, an alternating <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field can modify the structure of the colloid, thereby providing spatial and temporal control over drug release. PMID:25867479</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/869994','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/869994"><span>Ternary Dy-Er-Al <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> refrigerants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Gschneidner, Jr., Karl A.; Takeya, Hiroyuki</p> <p>1995-07-25</p> <p>A ternary <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> refrigerant material comprising (Dy.sub.1-x Er.sub.x)Al.sub.2 for a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> refrigerator using the Joule-Brayton thermodynamic <span class="hlt">cycle</span> spanning a temperature range from about 60K to about 10K, which can be adjusted by changing the Dy to Er ratio of the refrigerant.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12731402','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12731402"><span>[<span class="hlt">Influence</span> of pulsating <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field used in <span class="hlt">magnet</span> therapy and <span class="hlt">magnet</span> stimulation on cortisol secretion in human].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Woldańska-Okońska, Maria; Czernicki, Jan</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>The aim of our study was to test the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields during magnetotherapy and magnetostimulation over a longer period of time (like in physiotherapy) on cortisol secretion in humans. The study population was divided into two groups: magnetotherapy group (16 men) and magnetostimulation group (10 men). Magnetotherapy in the form of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field induction (2.9 microT; frequency--40 Hz; square wave; bipolar; Magnetronic MF--10 apparatus) was applied for 20 min to the lumbar area in patients with chronic low back pain. Magnetostimulation (Viofor JPS system; M2P2 program; induction--25-80 microT; frequency--200 Hz, complex saw-like shape with a plateau halfway the height of the wave; bipolar) was applied every day for 12 min in patients with the same health problem. In both groups, the procedures were repeated 15 times (about 10:00 a.m.) with weekend breaks. Serum samples were collected at 6:00, 12:00, 16:00 and 24:00 and estimated by the micromethod of chemiluminescence (DPC Poland; Cat. No. LKC01). The circadian profile of cortisol was determined prior to the application, a day and a month after application. The data were analyzed statistically, using paired and unpaired Student's test. Magnetotherapy affects the cortisol secretion in the circadian profile by decreasing its level at 16:00 a day after 15 applications, whereas magnetostimulation by increasing its level at 12:00 a month after 15 applications, which may suggest its long-term effect on hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The comparison of the results indicated that a day after magnetotherapy and magnetostimulation, the circadian curves of cortisol secretion differed significantly by about 100%. All hormone oscillations did not exceed the physiological norms of the circadian cortisol level, not reaching the level so high as in an intense stress. This suggests rather their controlling effect on the cortisol level than their significant stressogenic nature.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20923164','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20923164"><span>Evidence of solvent-gelator interaction in sugar-based organogel studied by field-<span class="hlt">cycling</span> NMR relaxometry.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bielejewski, Michal; Tritt-Goc, Jadwiga</p> <p>2010-11-16</p> <p>The dynamics of bulk toluene and toluene confined in the 1,2-O-(1-ethylpropylidene)-α-D-glucofuranose gel was studied using (1)H field-<span class="hlt">cycling</span> nuclear <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> resonance relaxometry. The proton spin-lattice relaxation time T(1) was measured as a function of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field strength and temperature. The observed dispersion in the frequency range 10(4)-10(6) Hz for the relaxation rate of toluene in the gel system give evidence of the interaction between the toluene and the gelator aggregates. The data were interpreted in terms of the two-fraction fast-exchange model. Additionally it was also shown that a cooling rate during gel preparation process <span class="hlt">influences</span> the gel microstructure and leads to different gelator-solvent interactions as reflected in a different behavior of the proton spin-lattice relaxation rate of toluene within the gel observed at the low frequency range.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016cosp...41E..94A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016cosp...41E..94A"><span>Cell <span class="hlt">cycle</span> gene expression under clinorotation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Artemenko, Olga</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) are main regulators of the cell <span class="hlt">cycle</span> of eukaryotes. It's assumes a significant change of their level in cells under microgravity conditions and by other physical factors actions. The clinorotation use enables to determine the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of gravity on simulated events in the cell during the cell <span class="hlt">cycle</span> - exit from the state of quiet stage and promotion presynthetic phase (G1) and DNA synthesis phase (S) of the cell <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. For the clinorotation effect study on cell proliferation activity is the necessary studies of molecular mechanisms of cell <span class="hlt">cycle</span> regulation and development of plants under altered gravity condition. The activity of cyclin D, which is responsible for the events of the cell <span class="hlt">cycle</span> in presynthetic phase can be controlled by the action of endogenous as well as exogenous factors, but clinorotation is one of the factors that <span class="hlt">influence</span> on genes expression that regulate the cell <span class="hlt">cycle</span>.These data can be used as a model for further research of cyclin - CDK complex for study of molecular mechanisms regulation of growth and proliferation. In this investigation we tried to summarize and analyze known literature and own data we obtained relatively the main regulators of the cell <span class="hlt">cycle</span> in altered gravity condition.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21353599','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21353599"><span><span class="hlt">Influences</span> of menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span> position and sex hormone levels on spontaneous intrusive recollections following emotional stimuli.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ferree, Nikole K; Kamat, Rujvi; Cahill, Larry</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>Spontaneous intrusive recollections (SIRs) are known to follow emotional events in clinical and non-clinical populations. Previous work in our lab has found that women report more SIRs than men after exposure to emotional films, and that this effect is driven entirely by women in the luteal phase of the menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. To replicate and extend this finding, participants viewed emotional films, provided saliva samples for sex hormone concentration analysis, and estimated SIR frequency following film viewing. Women in the luteal phase reported significantly more SIRs than did women in the follicular phase, and SIR frequency significantly correlated with salivary progesterone levels. The results are consistent with an emerging pattern in the literature suggesting that menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span> position of female participants can potently <span class="hlt">influence</span> findings in numerous cognitive domains. The potential implications of these results for disorders characterized by intrusions, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, are also discussed. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....7743K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....7743K"><span>The <span class="hlt">Influence</span> of Terrestrial Environment on Meteorite <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Records</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kohout, T.; Kletetschka, G.; Kobr, M.; Pruner, P.; Wasilewski, P. J.</p> <p>2003-04-01</p> <p>In early solar system history there are several electromagnetic processes expected that may be capable of <span class="hlt">magnetizing</span> the primitive solid particles condensating from the Solar Nebula. The record of these <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> events can be observed during laboratory studies of meteorites found on the Earth. Different terrestrial processes can affect the magneto mineralogy, can cause changes in <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> parameters, and can overprint the primary <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> record. The effect of surface heating (when falling through the atmosphere) was the subject of the study with the Murchison meteorite. Using the Allende meteorite we studied the effect of the shock pressure generated by the friction of the atmosphere during the meteorite fall. Some of the meteorites are found several days after the fall, some of them are deposited in the desert or on the Antarctic ice for thousands of years. Most of them contain visible traces of terrestrial oxidation and weathering. We used the sample of the LL chondrite found in the Libya desert (perhaps thousands years ago), sample of the iron meteorite Campo del Cielo (found in Argentina 5000 years after the fall), and sample of the H 5 Zebrak meteorite (found only several days after the fall) for weathering simulations. To document the results of our experiments we used low and high temperature measurements of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> susceptibility, measurements of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> remanence and its stability and hysteresis parameters. The results tell us, that the terrestrial processes are efficient factor in changing <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties and can overprint the primary <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> record. Therefore extreme care has to be taken when selecting samples for primary <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> component study. Acknowledgements: This work is supported by Charles University Grant Agency, Czech Republic and would not be possible without the help of following people: Jakub Haloda, Petr Jakes, Marcela Bukovanska, Jaroslav Kadlec, Libuse Kohoutova, Vladimir Kohout.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20050147490&hterms=Qbo&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DQbo','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20050147490&hterms=Qbo&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DQbo"><span>The QBO as Potential Amplifier and Conduit to Lower Altitudes of Solar <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> <span class="hlt">Influence</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mayr, Hans G.; Mengel, John G.; Porter, Hayden S.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>In several papers, the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> (SC) effect in the lower atmosphere has been linked to the Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO), which is generated primarily by small-scale gravity waves. Salby and Callaghan (2000) analyzed the observed zonal winds of the QBO over more than 40 years and found that it contains a relatively large SC signature at 20 km. Following up on an earlier 2D study with our global-scale Numerical Spectral Model (NSM), we discuss here a 3D study with the QBO under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the SC. For a SC period of 10 years, the amplitude of the relative variations of radiative forcing is taken to vary for simplicity from 0.2% at the surface to 2% at 50 km to 20% at 100 km and above. Covering a limited time span of 40 years, this model produces in the lower stratosphere a relatively large modulation of the QBO, which appears to be related to the SC and is in qualitative agreement with the observations. Some of the energy in the QBO, confined to low latitudes primarily, is redistributed globally by the meridional circulation and planetary waves presumably, so that a measurable SC modulation is generated in the tropospheric temperatures of the polar regions. Further studies are needed, (1) to determine whether the effect is real and prevails in more extensive simulations and whether the results are robust when shorter integration steps are employed, and (2) to explore the mechanism(s) that may ample the apparent SC <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the UV radiation extending into the lower atmosphere. Quasi-decadal oscillations, generated internally by the QBO interacting with the seasonal <span class="hlt">cycles</span>, may interfere with or aid the SC effect.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5453078','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5453078"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of Rapid Freeze-Thaw <span class="hlt">Cycling</span> on the Mechanical Properties of Sustainable Strain-Hardening Cement Composite (2SHCC)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Jang, Seok-Joon; Rokugo, Keitetsu; Park, Wan-Shin; Yun, Hyun-Do</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>This paper provides experimental results to investigate the mechanical properties of sustainable strain-hardening cement composite (2SHCC) for infrastructures after freeze-thaw actions. To improve the sustainability of SHCC materials in this study, high energy-consumptive components—silica sand, cement, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers—in the conventional SHCC materials are partially replaced with recycled materials such as recycled sand, fly ash, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers, respectively. To investigate the mechanical properties of green SHCC that contains recycled materials, the cement, PVA fiber and silica sand were replaced with 10% fly ash, 25% PET fiber, and 10% recycled aggregate based on preliminary experimental results for the development of 2SHCC material, respectively. The dynamic modulus of elasticity and weight for 2SHCC material were measured at every 30 <span class="hlt">cycles</span> of freeze-thaw. The effects of freeze-thaw <span class="hlt">cycles</span> on the mechanical properties of sustainable SHCC are evaluated by conducting compressive tests, four-point flexural tests, direct tensile tests and prism splitting tests after 90, 180, and 300 <span class="hlt">cycles</span> of rapid freeze-thaw. Freeze-thaw testing was conducted according to ASTM C 666 Procedure A. Test results show that after 300 <span class="hlt">cycles</span> of freezing and thawing actions, the dynamic modulus of elasticity and mass loss of damaged 2SHCC were similar to those of virgin 2SHCC, while the freeze-thaw <span class="hlt">cycles</span> <span class="hlt">influence</span> mechanical properties of the 2SHCC material except for compressive behavior. PMID:28788522</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4130204','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4130204"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of Electric, <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span>, and Electromagnetic Fields on the Circadian System: Current Stage of Knowledge</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Żak, Arkadiusz</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>One of the side effects of each electrical device work is the electromagnetic field generated near its workplace. All organisms, including humans, are exposed daily to the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of different types of this field, characterized by various physical parameters. Therefore, it is important to accurately determine the effects of an electromagnetic field on the physiological and pathological processes occurring in cells, tissues, and organs. Numerous epidemiological and experimental data suggest that the extremely low frequency <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field generated by electrical transmission lines and electrically powered devices and the high frequencies electromagnetic radiation emitted by electronic devices have a potentially negative impact on the circadian system. On the other hand, several studies have found no <span class="hlt">influence</span> of these fields on chronobiological parameters. According to the current state of knowledge, some previously proposed hypotheses, including one concerning the key role of melatonin secretion disruption in pathogenesis of electromagnetic field induced diseases, need to be revised. This paper reviews the data on the effect of electric, <span class="hlt">magnetic</span>, and electromagnetic fields on melatonin and cortisol rhythms—two major markers of the circadian system as well as on sleep. It also provides the basic information about the nature, classification, parameters, and sources of these fields. PMID:25136557</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29283432','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29283432"><span>How <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Disturbance <span class="hlt">Influences</span> the Attitude and Heading in <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> and Inertial Sensor-Based Orientation Estimation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fan, Bingfei; Li, Qingguo; Liu, Tao</p> <p>2017-12-28</p> <p>With the advancements in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technologies, <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> and inertial sensors are becoming more and more accurate, lightweight, smaller in size as well as low-cost, which in turn boosts their applications in human movement analysis. However, challenges still exist in the field of sensor orientation estimation, where <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> disturbance represents one of the obstacles limiting their practical application. The objective of this paper is to systematically analyze exactly how <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> disturbances affects the attitude and heading estimation for a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> and inertial sensor. First, we reviewed four major components dealing with <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> disturbance, namely decoupling attitude estimation from <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> reading, gyro bias estimation, adaptive strategies of compensating <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> disturbance and sensor fusion algorithms. We review and analyze the features of existing methods of each component. Second, to understand each component in <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> disturbance rejection, four representative sensor fusion methods were implemented, including gradient descent algorithms, improved explicit complementary filter, dual-linear Kalman filter and extended Kalman filter. Finally, a new standardized testing procedure has been developed to objectively assess the performance of each method against <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> disturbance. Based upon the testing results, the strength and weakness of the existing sensor fusion methods were easily examined, and suggestions were presented for selecting a proper sensor fusion algorithm or developing new sensor fusion method.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8896835','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8896835"><span>Sex differences in paradoxical sleep: <span class="hlt">influences</span> of estrus <span class="hlt">cycle</span> and ovariectomy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fang, J; Fishbein, W</p> <p>1996-09-23</p> <p>Previously, we reported that paradoxical sleep (PS) is sexually dimorphic in mice and rats. Since some early studies indicate that PS is suppressed during proestrus night, it is important to know whether the estrus <span class="hlt">cycle</span> and accompanying circulating ovarian hormones could explain the sexual dimorphism of PS. To examine this, sleep patterns of male rats were compared with those of normal <span class="hlt">cycling</span> female rats and ovariectomized females in a 12:12 h light/dark <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. Slow wave sleep and total sleep time are indistinguishable between the males, <span class="hlt">cycling</span> females and ovariectomized females. However, normal males display significantly more PS than <span class="hlt">cycling</span> females during both daytime and nighttime (average of all estrus stages). On the other hand, while ovariectomy has no visible effect on daytime sleep--the sexual dimorphism of PS is unchanged by ovariectomy--during nighttime, ovariectomy produces a selective increase of PS, eliminating the sex difference during the night. In sum, normal <span class="hlt">cycling</span> females show no change in daytime sleep patterns across the estrus <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, but have significantly less PS during proestrus nights than during metestrus and diestrus nights. The results indicate that the sex difference in nighttime PS is due to the suppression of PS by ovarian hormones during proestrus and, to a less extent, estrus nights. The sex difference in daytime PS, on the other hand, appears to be independent of circulating ovarian hormones.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22410164-enhanced-magnetic-hysteresis-ni-mn-ga-single-crystal-its-influence-magnetic-shape-memory-effect','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22410164-enhanced-magnetic-hysteresis-ni-mn-ga-single-crystal-its-influence-magnetic-shape-memory-effect"><span>Enhanced <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> hysteresis in Ni-Mn-Ga single crystal and its <span class="hlt">influence</span> on <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> shape memory effect</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Heczko, O., E-mail: heczko@fzu.cz; Drahokoupil, J.; Straka, L.</p> <p>2015-05-07</p> <p>Enhanced <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> hysteresis due to boron doping in combination with <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> shape memory effect in Ni-Mn-Ga single crystal results in new interesting functionality of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> shape memory (MSM) alloys such as mechanical demagnetization. In Ni{sub 50.0}Mn{sub 28.5}Ga{sub 21.5} single crystal, the boron doping increased <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> coercivity from few Oe to 270 Oe while not affecting the transformation behavior and 10 M martensite structure. However, the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field needed for MSM effect also increased in doped sample. The <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> behavior is compared to undoped single crystal of similar composition. The evidence from the X-ray diffraction, <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> domain structure, <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> loops, and temperature evolutionmore » of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> coercivity points out that the enhanced hysteresis is caused by stress-induced anisotropy.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21180046-characterization-magnetic-force-microscopy-probe-tip-remagnetization-measurements-external-plane-magnetic-fields','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21180046-characterization-magnetic-force-microscopy-probe-tip-remagnetization-measurements-external-plane-magnetic-fields"><span>Characterization of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> force microscopy probe tip remagnetization for measurements in external in-plane <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Weis, Tanja; Engel, Dieter; Ehresmann, Arno</p> <p>2008-12-15</p> <p>A quantitative analysis of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> force microscopy (MFM) images taken in external in-plane <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields is difficult because of the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field on the <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> state of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> probe tip. We prepared calibration samples by ion bombardment induced <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> patterning with a topographically flat <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> pattern <span class="hlt">magnetically</span> stable in a certain external <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field range for a quantitative characterization of the MFM probe tip <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> in point-dipole approximation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAESc.159...69D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAESc.159...69D"><span>Divergent <span class="hlt">influences</span> of the Greenland and Antarctica climates on the Asian monsoon during a stadial to interstadial <span class="hlt">cycle</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Duan, Fucai; Wang, Yongjin; Liao, Zebo; Chen, Shitao; Zhang, Weihong; Shao, Qingfeng</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Despite the links of Asian monsoon with climates at high northern and southern latitudes, it remains unclear that at which time and to what extent the Asian monsoon variation is dominated by one of the two drivers throughout a Greenland Stadial (GS) to Greenland Interstadial (GI) <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. Here we provide a Chinese stalagmite δ18O record to study their teleconnections throughout the GS-6 to GI-5.2 <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. The resemblance between the stalagmite and Greenland records, in timing, duration and abruptness of GI-5.2, supports that the occurrence and termination of GIs are paced by the northern driving force. During the intervals of GI-5.2 and GS-6, however, the Asian monsoon fluctuated concomitantly with variation in temperature over Antarctica, instead of over Greenland. This covariation indicates dominant <span class="hlt">influences</span> of the Antarctic climate during the climatically stable intervals of stadials and interstadials. This study updates our knowledge on mechanical dynamics of the Asian monsoon change and global climate change throughout a GS to GI <span class="hlt">cycle</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3617729','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3617729"><span>Strong evidence for the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span> on a Late Miocene lake system revealed by biotic and abiotic proxies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kern, A.K.; Harzhauser, M.; Piller, W.E.; Mandic, O.; Soliman, A.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The Late Miocene paleogeography of central Europe and its climatic history are well studied with a resolution of c. 106 years. Small-scale climatic variations are yet unresolved. Observing past climatic change of short periods, however, would encourage the understanding of the modern climatic system. Therefore, past climate archives require a resolution on a decadal to millennial scale. To detect such a short-term evolution, a continuous 6-m-core of the Paleo-Lake Pannon was analyzed in 1-cm-sample distance to provide information as precise and regular as possible. Measurements of the natural gamma radiation and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> susceptibility combined with the total abundance of ostracod shells were used as proxies to estimate millennial- to centennial scale environmental changes during the mid-Tortonian warm period. Patterns emerged, but no indisputable age model can be provided for the core, due to the lack of paleomagnetic reversals and the lack of minerals suitable for absolute dating. Therefore, herein we propose another method to determine a hypothetic time frame for these deposits. Based on statistical processes, including Lomb–Scargle and REDFIT periodograms along with Wavelet spectra, several distinct cyclicities could be detected. Calculations considering established off-shore sedimentation rates of the Tortonian Vienna Basin revealed patterns resembling Holocene solar-<span class="hlt">cycle</span>-records well. The comparison of filtered data of Miocene and Holocene records displays highly similar patterns and comparable modulations. A best-fit adjustment of sedimentation rate results in signals which fit to the lower and upper Gleissberg <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, the de Vries <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, the unnamed 500-year- and 1000-year-<span class="hlt">cycles</span>, as well as the Hallstatt <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. Each of these <span class="hlt">cycles</span> has a distinct and unique expression in the investigated environmental proxies, reflecting a complex forcing-system. Hence, a single-proxy-analysis, as often performed on Holocene records, should be considered cautiously as</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/87741','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/87741"><span>Ternary Dy-Er-Al <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> refrigerants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Gschneidner, K.A. Jr.; Takeya, Hiroyuki</p> <p>1995-07-25</p> <p>A ternary <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> refrigerant material comprising (Dy{sub 1{minus}x}Er{sub x})Al{sub 2} for a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> refrigerator using the Joule-Brayton thermodynamic <span class="hlt">cycle</span> spanning a temperature range from about 60K to about 10K, which can be adjusted by changing the Dy to Er ratio of the refrigerant. 29 figs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26ES..100a2195L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26ES..100a2195L"><span>Research on Correlation between Vehicle <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> and Engine <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> in Heavy-duty commercial vehicle</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>lin, Chen; Zhong, Wang; Shuai, Liu</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>In order to study the correlation between vehicle <span class="hlt">cycle</span> and engine <span class="hlt">cycle</span> in heavy commercial vehicles, the conversion model of vehicle <span class="hlt">cycle</span> to engine <span class="hlt">cycle</span> is constructed based on the vehicle power system theory and shift strategy, which considers the verification on diesel truck. The results show that the model has high rationality and reliability in engine operation. In the acceleration process of high speed, the difference of model gear selection leads to the actual deviation. Compared with the drum test, the engine speed distribution obtained by the model deviates to right, which fits to the lower grade. The grade selection has high <span class="hlt">influence</span> on the model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMSH41F..07Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMSH41F..07Z"><span>Strong Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Pulses during Solar <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> 23 and Their Impacts on Geosynchronous <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Fields</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zuo, P.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Solar wind dynamic pressure pulse (DPP) structures, across which the dynamic pressure abruptly changes over timescales from a few seconds to several minutes, are often observed in the near-Earth space environment. In this investigation, we first present a statistical study on the properties of strong dynamic pressure pulses in the solar wind during solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23. It is found that overwhelming majority of DPPs are associated with the solar wind disturbances including the CME-related flows, the corotating interaction regions, as well as the complex ejecta. The annual variations of the averaged occurrence rate of DPPs are roughly in phase with the solar activities. Although the variabilities of geosynchronous <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields (GMFs) due to the impact of positive DPPs have been well established, there appears no systematic investigations on the response of GMFs to negative DPPs. Here we also study the decompression/compression effects of very strong negative/positive DPPs on GMFs under northward IMFs. In response to the decompression of strong negative DPPs, GMFs on dayside, near the dawn and dusk on nightside are generally depressed. But near the midnight region, the responses of GMF are very diverse, being either positive or negative. For part of events when GOES is located at the midnight sector, GMF is found to abnormally increase as the result of magnetospheric decompression caused by negative DPPs. It is known that on certain conditions <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> depression of nightside GMFs can be caused by the impact of positive DPPs. Here we found that, a stronger pressure enhancement may have a higher probability of producing the exceptional depression of GMF at midnight region. Statistically, both the decompression effect of strong negative DPPs and the compression effect of strong positive DPPs depend on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> local time, being stronger at the noon sector.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20100021373&hterms=Butterfly&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3DButterfly','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20100021373&hterms=Butterfly&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3DButterfly"><span>Polar Chromospheric Signatures of the Subdued <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> 23/24 Solar Minimum</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gopalswamy, N.; Yashiro, S.; Makela, P.; Shibasaki, K.; Hathaway, D.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Coronal holes appear brighter than the quiet Sun in microwave images, with a brightness enhancement of 500 to 2000 K. The brightness enhancement corresponds to the upper chromosphere, where the plasma temperature is about 10000 K. We constructed a microwave butterfly diagram using the synoptic images obtained by the Nobeyama radioheliograph (NoRH) showing the evolution of the polar and low latitude brightness temperature. While the polar brightness reveals the chromospheric conditions, the low latitude brightness is attributed to active regions in the corona. When we compared the microwave butterfly diagram with the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> butterfly diagram, we found a good correlation between the microwave brightness enhancement and the polar field strength. The microwave butterfly diagram covers part of solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 22, whole of <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23, and part of <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 24, thus enabling comparison between the <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23/24 and <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 22/23 minima. The microwave brightness during the <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23/24 minimum was found to be lower than that during the <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 22/23 minimum by approximately 250 K. The reduced brightness temperature is consistent with the reduced polar field strength during the <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23/24 minimum seen in the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> butterfly diagram. We suggest that the microwave brightness at the solar poles is a good indicator of the speed of the solar wind sampled by Ulysses at high latitudes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMSH33E..08V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMSH33E..08V"><span>North south asymmetry in the coronal and photospheric <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Virtanen, I.; Mursula, K.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Several recent studies have shown that the Heliospheric current sheet (HCS) is southward shifted during about three years in the solar declining phase (the so-called bashful ballerina phenomenon). We study the hemispherical asymmetry in the photospheric and coronal <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields using Wilcox Solar Observatory (WSO) measurements of the photospheric <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field since 1976 and the potential field source surface (PFSS) model. Multipole analysis of the photospheric <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field shows that during the late declining phase of solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span> since 1970s, bashful ballerina phenomenon is a consequence of g02 quadrupole term, signed oppositely to the dipole moment. Surges of new flux transport <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field from low latitudes to the poles, thus leading to a systematically varying contribution to the g02-term from different latitudes. In the case of a north-south asymmetric flux production this is seen as a quadrupole contribution traveling towards higher latitudes. When the quadrupole term is largest the main contribution comes from the polar latitudes. At least during the four recent solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span> the g02-term arises because the magnitude of the southern polar field is larger than in the north in the declining phase of the <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> flux is transported polewards by the meridional flow and it is most likely that besides the north-south asymmetric production of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux, also the asymmetric transportation may significantly contribute to the observed asymmetry of polar field intensities. The overall activity during solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> is not significantly different in the northern and southern hemispheres, but hemispheres tend to develop in a different phase.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5795611','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5795611"><span>How <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Disturbance <span class="hlt">Influences</span> the Attitude and Heading in <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> and Inertial Sensor-Based Orientation Estimation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Li, Qingguo</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>With the advancements in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technologies, <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> and inertial sensors are becoming more and more accurate, lightweight, smaller in size as well as low-cost, which in turn boosts their applications in human movement analysis. However, challenges still exist in the field of sensor orientation estimation, where <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> disturbance represents one of the obstacles limiting their practical application. The objective of this paper is to systematically analyze exactly how <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> disturbances affects the attitude and heading estimation for a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> and inertial sensor. First, we reviewed four major components dealing with <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> disturbance, namely decoupling attitude estimation from <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> reading, gyro bias estimation, adaptive strategies of compensating <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> disturbance and sensor fusion algorithms. We review and analyze the features of existing methods of each component. Second, to understand each component in <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> disturbance rejection, four representative sensor fusion methods were implemented, including gradient descent algorithms, improved explicit complementary filter, dual-linear Kalman filter and extended Kalman filter. Finally, a new standardized testing procedure has been developed to objectively assess the performance of each method against <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> disturbance. Based upon the testing results, the strength and weakness of the existing sensor fusion methods were easily examined, and suggestions were presented for selecting a proper sensor fusion algorithm or developing new sensor fusion method. PMID:29283432</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMGP43D..08D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMGP43D..08D"><span>Unravelling Orbital Climatic <span class="hlt">Cycles</span> from Devonian <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Susceptibility Signal - The Quest for a Better Age Model for the Lochkovian and Pragian Stages (Czech Republic)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>da Silva, A. C.; Chadimova, L.; Hladil, J.; Slavik, L.; Hilgen, F. J.; Dekkers, M. J.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The uncertainties on the Devonian stage boundaries are currently in the order of several millions of years. When shown to reflect a detrital signal, which is <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by climatic variations, <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Susceptibility (MS) has been proven as a useful tool for identifying climatic <span class="hlt">cycles</span>; which can subsequently be used to improve the time scale. Here, we focus on two sections from the Prague Synform (Czech Republic) cutting through the Lochkovian, Pragian and the lower part of the Emsian. Sedimentation is rhythmic, dominated by slightly clayey offshore limestones, being mostly calciturbidites and hemipelagites. We provide hysteresis analysis in order to get insight into the nature and the origin of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> minerals driving the variation in the MS signal. The results point to a MS signal mostly carried by clay minerals. Subsequently, to improve estimation of the duration of the stages, we apply different spectral analysis techniques on this MS signal. From the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), Evolutive Harmonic Analysis (EHA) and field observations, we subdivide the section into portions with a steady sedimentation rate (a first estimate of this rate is also delivered by these analyzes). Then, we apply Multitaper Method (MTM) and Multitaper harmonic Analysis (F-test) and extract the frequencies reaching 95% Confidence Level. These frequencies are then implemented into the Average Spectral Misfit procedures (ASM) which enables comparison with orbital targets. By combining these different techniques, 405 kyr cyclicty is identifed, a powerful duration paleochronometer. These new results indicate a duration of 7.7 ± 2 Myr for the Lochkovian stage and of 1.7 Myr ± 1.4 for the Pragian stage (compared to respectively 8.4 ± 6 Myr and 3.2 ± 5.4 Myr in the 2012 Geological Time Scale).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19730027033&hterms=superconducting+magnet&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dsuperconducting%2Bmagnet','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19730027033&hterms=superconducting+magnet&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dsuperconducting%2Bmagnet"><span>Superconducting <span class="hlt">magnet</span> for a Ku-band maser.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Berwin, R.; Wiebe, E.; Dachel, P.</p> <p>1972-01-01</p> <p>A superconducting <span class="hlt">magnet</span> to provide a uniform <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field of up to 8000 G in a 1.14-cm gap for the 15.3-GHz (Ku-band) traveling wave maser is described. The <span class="hlt">magnet</span> operates in a persistent mode in the vacuum environment of a closed-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> helium refrigerator (4.5 K). The features of a superconducting switch, which has both leads connected to 4.5 K heat stations and thereby does not receive heat generated by the <span class="hlt">magnet</span> charging leads, are described.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AIPC.1434..223J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AIPC.1434..223J"><span>Modeling and development of a superfluid <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> pump with no moving parts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jahromi, Amir Eshraghniaye; Miller, Franklin; Nellis, Gregory</p> <p>2012-06-01</p> <p>Current state of the art sub Kelvin Superfluid Stirling Refrigerators and Pulse tube Superfluid Refrigerators use multiple bellows pistons to execute the <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. These types of displacers can be replaced by a newly introduced pump, a Superfluid <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Pump, with no moving parts. Integration of this pump in the Pulse tube Superfluid Refrigeration system will make it a sub Kelvin Stirling refrigeration system free of any moving parts that is suitable for use in space cooling applications. The Superfluid <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Pump consists of a canister that contains Gadolinium Gallium Garnet particles that is surrounded by a superconducting <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> coil. The driving mechanism of this pump is the fountain effect in He II. A qualitative description of one <span class="hlt">cycle</span> operation of the Superfluid <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Pump is presented followed by a numerical model for each process of the <span class="hlt">cycle</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMMM..454..110G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMMM..454..110G"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of La content on <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of Cu doped M-type strontium hexaferrite: Structural, <span class="hlt">magnetic</span>, and Mossbauer spectroscopy study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ghimire, M.; Yoon, S.; Wang, L.; Neupane, D.; Alam, J.; Mishra, S. R.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>The present study investigates the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of Cu2+ and La3+-Cu2+ doping on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of Sr1-xLaxFe12-xCuxO19 (x = 0.0-0.5) hexaferrite (SrM) compounds. The samples were prepared via facile autocombustion technique followed by sintering. X-ray powder diffraction patterns show the formation of the pure phase of M-type hexaferrite for all x. Invariance in lattice parameters was observed with only Cu2+ substitution while lattice contraction along c-axis was observed with co-doping La3+-Cu2+ in SrM. The <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> property of these compounds is explained based on Cu2+ occupancy in the absence and presence of La3+ in SrM magnetoplumbite structure. The Cu2+ doped SrFe12-xCuxO19 sample showed a monotonic decrease in Ms value while La3+-Cu2+ showed a noticeable increase in Ms value with x. Furthermore, while coercivity of Cu2+ doped SrM reduced with x, the coercivity of La3+-Cu2+ doped SrM showed a marked 12% increase in coercivity at x = 0.1 (Hc = 4391 Oe) from that of x = 0.0 (3918 Oe). Interestingly, Cu2+ doped SrM displayed invariance in Tc ∼ 458.6 °C with x, while La3+-Cu2+ doping reduced Tc by 5% from its x = 0 (Tc = 451.9 °C) to 429.6 °C. The room temperature Mossbauer spectral analysis confirmed a Cu2+ preference for the 12k site and its occupancy is observed to be <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by the presence of La3+ ion at the Sr2+ site.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.B41C1965F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.B41C1965F"><span>Soil mineral assemblage <span class="hlt">influences</span> on microbial communities and carbon <span class="hlt">cycling</span> under fresh organic matter input</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Finley, B. K.; Schwartz, E.; Koch, B.; Dijkstra, P.; Hungate, B. A.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The interactions between soil mineral assemblages and microbial communities are important drivers of soil organic carbon (SOC) <span class="hlt">cycling</span> and storage, although the mechanisms driving these interactions remain unclear. There is increasing evidence supporting the importance of associations with poorly crystalline, short-range order (SRO) minerals in protection of SOC from microbial utilization. However, how the microbial processing of SRO-associated SOC may be <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by fresh organic matter inputs (priming) remains poorly understood. The <span class="hlt">influence</span> on SRO minerals on soil microbial community dynamics is uncertain as well. Therefore, we conducted a priming incubation by adding either a simulated root exudate mixture or conifer needle litter to three soils from a mixed-conifer ecosystem. The parent material of the soils were andesite, basalt, and granite and decreased in SRO mineral content, respectively. We also conducted a parallel quantitative stable isotope probing incubation by adding 18O-labelled water to the soils to isotopically label microbial DNA in situ. This allowed us to characterize and identify the active bacterial and archaeal community and taxon-specific growth under fresh organic matter input. While the granite soil (lowest SRO content), had the largest total mineralization, the least priming occurred. The andesite and basalt soils (greater SRO content) had lower total respiration, but greater priming. Across all treatments, the granite soil, while having the lowest species richness of the entire community (249 taxa, both active and inactive), had a larger active community (90%) in response to new SOC input. The andesite and basalt soils, while having greater total species richness of the entire community at 333 and 325 taxa, respectively, had fewer active taxa in response to new C compared to the granite soil (30% and 49% taxa, respectively). These findings suggest that the soil mineral assemblage is an important driver on SOC <span class="hlt">cycling</span> under fresh</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JLTP..tmp...94L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JLTP..tmp...94L"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of Chromium Doping on Electrical and <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Behavior of Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lalitha, G.; Pavan Kumar, N.; Venugopal Reddy, P.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>With a view to understand the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of chromium doping at the Mn site on the electrical and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> behavior of the Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 manganite system, a series of samples were prepared by the citrate sol-gel route method. The samples were characterized structurally by XRD. A systematic investigation of electrical resistivity over a temperature range 5-300 K was carried out mainly to understand the magneto-transport behavior in these materials. Studies on the variation of <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> with temperature over a temperature range 80-330 K were undertaken. Investigation of <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> at different <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields at two different temperatures, viz. 80 and 300 K, was also carried out. The results show that chromium doping gave typical electrical and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties. It has been concluded that the coexistence of charge ordered and ferromagnetic phases induced by chromium doping plays an important role in the low-temperature behavior of the system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013RuPhJ..56..845S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013RuPhJ..56..845S"><span>The <span class="hlt">Influence</span> of Domain Structure on the Faraday Effect in Terbium Garnet Ferrite in the Vicinity of the <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span>-Compensation Temperature</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sokolov, B. Yu.; Sharipov, M. Z.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>The temperature dependence of the Faraday effect in terbium garnet ferrite, Tb3Fe5O12, is investigated near its <span class="hlt">magnetic</span>-compensation temperature, Т с = 249 K. A non-monotonous variation in the value of the Faraday rotation angle Ф is observed in a weak <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field as the temperature approaches Т с : the temperature plot of the Faraday rotation angle has two local maxima observed left and right of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> compensation point. A theoretical model is proposed, which follows from the phenomenological theory of domain-boundary displacement under the action of a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field, offering an unambiguous description of the principles of domain-structure <span class="hlt">influence</span> on the Faraday effect in Tb3Fe5O12 near Т с .</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005PhDT.......374S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005PhDT.......374S"><span>The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the oestrous <span class="hlt">cycle</span> on the radiation response of solid tumours</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Swann, Patricia R.</p> <p></p> <p>Oestrogen increases the transcription of nitric oxide synthase, thus increasing nitric oxide production, which can result in vasodilation of blood vessels. Fluctuating levels of oestrogen throughout the menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span> has the potential to affect tumour blood flow. Variations of blood supply to a solid tumour can <span class="hlt">influence</span> tumour oxygenation and subsequently the percentage of hypoxic cells. As hypoxic cells are more resistant to radiation than well-oxygenated cells, this could potentially affect the radiation response of the tumour. This project evaluated the impact of the oestrous stage on the radiation response of BCHT, RIF-1 and SCCvii tumours in syngeneic C3H mice. The oestrous <span class="hlt">cycle</span> consists of the following stages, pro-oestrus, oestrus, metoestrus and dioestrus and each stage can be determined by the cellular composition of vaginal smears. The peak of oestrogen occurs in the ovulatory phase and a second smaller peak occurs in dioestrus. Subcutaneous tumour were treated at a volume of 200 - 250 mm3 with local irradiation of 10 Gy ionising radiation at different stages of the oestrous <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. Tumours were excised either immediately or 24 hours after irradiation and disaggregated into a single cell suspension. Tumour cell survival was assessed by clonogenic assay of the excised tumour relative to untreated tumours excised at the corresponding oestrous stage. Tumours irradiated in oestrus consistently produced the lowest surviving fraction after immediate and delayed excision. Tumours irradiated in pro-oestrus and excised immediately after irradiation, showed a two-fold increase in surviving fraction compared to tumours irradiated in oestrus. The surviving fractions of tumours excised 24 hours after irradiation were less than for tumours excised immediately after irradiation. Surviving fractions of irradiated, clamped KHT tumours were independent of oestrous stage. To confirm that these oestrous stage dependent changes were due to changes in tumour perfusion, the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SoPh..292..174G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SoPh..292..174G"><span>Structure of the Photospheric <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Field During Sector Crossings of the Heliospheric <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Field</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Getachew, Tibebu; Virtanen, Ilpo; Mursula, Kalevi</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>The photospheric <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field is the source of the coronal and heliospheric <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields (HMF), but their mutual correspondence is non-trivial and depends on the phase of the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. The photospheric field during the HMF sector crossings observed at 1 AU has been found to contain enhanced field intensities and definite polarity ordering, forming regions called Hale boundaries. Here we separately study the structure of the photospheric field during the HMF sector crossings during Solar <span class="hlt">Cycles</span> 21 - 24 for the four phases of each solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. We use a refined version of Svalgaard's list of major HMF sector crossings, mapped to the Sun using the solar wind speed observed at Earth, and the daily level-3 magnetograms of the photospheric field measured at the Wilcox Solar Observatory in 1976 - 2016. We find that the structure of the photospheric field corresponding to the HMF sector crossings and the existence and properties of the corresponding Hale bipolar regions varies significantly with solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> phase, and hemisphere. The Hale boundaries in more than half of the ascending, maximum, and declining phases are clear and statistically significant. The clearest Hale boundaries are found during the (+,-) HMF crossings in the northern hemisphere of odd <span class="hlt">Cycles</span> 21 and 23, but less systematical during the (+,-) crossings in the southern hemisphere of even <span class="hlt">Cycles</span> 22 and 24. No similar difference between odd and even <span class="hlt">cycles</span> is found for the (-,+) crossings. This shows that the northern hemisphere has a more organized Hale pattern overall. The photospheric field distribution also depicts a larger area for the field of the northern hemisphere during the declining and minimum phases, in a good agreement with the bashful ballerina phenomenon.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SMaS...26c5060S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SMaS...26c5060S"><span><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> properties of hybrid elastomers with <span class="hlt">magnetically</span> hard fillers: rotation of particles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Stepanov, G. V.; Borin, D. Yu; Bakhtiiarov, A. V.; Storozhenko, P. A.</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Hybrid <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> elastomers belonging to the family of magnetorheological elastomers contain <span class="hlt">magnetically</span> hard components and are of the utmost interest for the development of semiactive and active damping devices as well as actuators and sensors. The processes of <span class="hlt">magnetizing</span> of such elastomers are accompanied by structural rearrangements inside the material. When <span class="hlt">magnetized</span>, the elastomer gains its own <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> moment resulting in changes of its magneto-mechanical properties, which remain permanent, even in the absence of external <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields. <span class="hlt">Influenced</span> by the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field, <span class="hlt">magnetized</span> particles move inside the matrix forming chain-like structures. In addition, the <span class="hlt">magnetically</span> hard particles can rotate to align their <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> moments with the new direction of the external field. Such an elastomer cannot be demagnetized by the application of a reverse field.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050180301','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050180301"><span>The QBO as Potential Amplifier and Conduit to Lower Altitudes of Solar <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> <span class="hlt">Influence</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mayr, Hans G.; Mengel, John G.; Chan, Kwing L.; Porter, Hayden S.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>The solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> (SC) effect in the lower atmosphere has been linked observationally to the Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO), which is generated primarily by small-scale gravity waves. Salby and Callaghan analyzed the QBO observations covering more than 40 years and found that it contains a relatively large SC signature at 20 km. Following up on a 2D study with our Numerical Spectral Model (NSM), we discuss here a 3D study in which we simulated the QBO under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the SC. For a SC period of 10 years, the amplitude of the relative variations of radiative forcing is taken to vary from 0.2% at the surface to 2% at 50 km to 20% at 100 km and above. This model produces in the lower stratosphere a relatively large modulation of the QBO, which appears to be related to the SC and is in qualitative agreement with the observations. Further studies are needed, (1) to determine whether the effect is real and the results are robust and (2) to explore the mechanism(s) that may amplify the SC effect. Quasi-decadal oscillations, generated internally by the QBO interacting with the seasonal <span class="hlt">cycles</span>, may interfere with or aid the SC effect.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010cxo..prop.3071S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010cxo..prop.3071S"><span><span class="hlt">Magnetically</span> Sleepy Stars: An X-ray Survey of Candidate Stars in Extended <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Minima</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Saar, Steven</p> <p>2010-09-01</p> <p>The Sun occasionally slips into periods of extended <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> quiescence where the normal <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> <span class="hlt">cycle</span> largely ceases (e.g., the Maunder minimum). Understanding these episodes is important for understanding non-linear <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> dynamos and the Earth's radiation budget. We have developed a new method for determining which stars may be in the stellar analog of these <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> minima. We propose to study five such stars with Chandra ACIS-S. Combined with archival spectra of more stars, we can 1) explore (by proxy) properties of the solar corona in a Maunder-like minimum, 2) determine what stellar properties affect this state, and 3) investigate the coronal product of the residual turbulent dynamo in a solar mass star.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006JMMM..303E.428M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006JMMM..303E.428M"><span>An analysis on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fluid seal capacity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Meng, Zhao; Jibin, Zou; Jianhui, Hu</p> <p>2006-08-01</p> <p>The capacity of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fluid seal depends on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field and the saturation <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fluid. There are many factors that <span class="hlt">influence</span> the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field and the seal capacity of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fluid seal, such as the sealing gap, the shaft eccentricity, the shaft diameter, and the centrifugal force. In this paper, these factors are analyzed by numerical computations. When the material and structure are the same, the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fluid seal capacity will reduce with the increasing of the sealing gap. When the shaft diameter is large the gravity should be considered. The centrifugal force has <span class="hlt">influence</span> on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fluid seal capacity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMMM..451..288H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMMM..451..288H"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of CaCO3 and SiO2 additives on <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of M-type Sr ferrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Huang, Ching-Chien; Jiang, Ai-Hua; Hung, Yung-Hsiung; Liou, Ching-Hsuan; Wang, Yi-Chen; Lee, Chi-Ping; Hung, Tong-Yin; Shaw, Chun-Chung; Kuo, Ming-Feng; Cheng, Chun-Hu</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>An experiment was carried out to investigate the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of CaCO3 and SiO2 additives on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> and physical properties of M-type Sr ferrites by changing experimental parameters such as the additive composition and Ca/Si ratio. Specimens were prepared by conventional ceramic techniques. It was found that the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties (Br = 4.42 kG, iHc = 3.32 kOe and (BH)max = 4.863 MGOe) were considerably improved upon adding CaCO3 = 1.1% and SiO2 = 0.4 wt% together with Co3O4, and the mechanical properties thereof were acceptable for motor applications. It was revealed that CaCO3 and SiO2 additives led to an upswing in the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties via the enhancement of uniform grain growth, particle alignment, and the densification of Sr ferrite.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H32G..06A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H32G..06A"><span>Global Water <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> Diagrams Minimize Human <span class="hlt">Influence</span> and Over-represent Water Security</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Abbott, B. W.; Bishop, K.; Zarnetske, J. P.; Minaudo, C.; Chapin, F. S., III; Plont, S.; Marçais, J.; Ellison, D.; Roy Chowdhury, S.; Kolbe, T.; Ursache, O.; Hampton, T. B.; GU, S.; Chapin, M.; Krause, S.; Henderson, K. D.; Hannah, D. M.; Pinay, G.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The diagram of the global water <span class="hlt">cycle</span> is the central icon of hydrology, and for many people, the point of entry to thinking about key scientific concepts such as conservation of mass, teleconnections, and human dependence on ecological systems. Because humans now dominate critical components of the hydrosphere, improving our understanding of the global water <span class="hlt">cycle</span> has graduated from an academic exercise to an urgent priority. To assess how the water <span class="hlt">cycle</span> is conceptualized by researchers and the general public, we analyzed 455 water <span class="hlt">cycle</span> diagrams from textbooks, scientific articles, and online image searches performed in different languages. Only 15% of diagrams integrated human activity into the water <span class="hlt">cycle</span> and 77% showed no sign of humans whatsoever, although representation of humans varied substantially by region (lowest in China, N. America, and Australia; highest in Western Europe). The abundance and accessibility of freshwater resources were overrepresented, with 98% of diagrams omitting water pollution and climate change, and over 90% of diagrams making no distinction for saline groundwater and lakes. Oceanic aspects of the water <span class="hlt">cycle</span> (i.e. ocean size, circulation, and precipitation) and related teleconnections were nearly always underrepresented. These patterns held across disciplinary boundaries and through time. We explore the historical and contemporary reasons for some of these biases and present a revised version of the global water <span class="hlt">cycle</span> based on research from natural and social sciences. We conclude that current depictions of the global water <span class="hlt">cycle</span> convey a false sense of water security and that reintegrating humans into water <span class="hlt">cycle</span> diagrams is an important first step towards understanding and sustaining the hydrosocial <span class="hlt">cycle</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23819270','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23819270"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of different salt marsh plants on hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms abundance throughout a phenological <span class="hlt">cycle</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ribeiro, Hugo; Almeida, C Marisa R; Mucha, Ana Paula; Bordalo, Adriano A</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of Juncus maritimus, Phragmites australis, and Triglochin striata on hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms (HD) in Lima River estuary (NW Portugal) was investigated through a year-long plant life <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. Sediments un-colonized and colonized (rhizosediments) by those salt marsh plants were sampled for HD, total cell counts (TCC), and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) assessment. Generally, TCC seemed to be markedly thriving by the presence of roots, but without significant (p > 0.05) differences among rhizosediments. Nevertheless, plants seemed to have a distinct <span class="hlt">influence</span> on HD abundance, particularly during the flowering season, with higher HD abundance in the rhizosediments of the fibrous roots plants (J. maritimus < P. australis < T. striata). Our data suggest that different plants have distinct <span class="hlt">influence</span> on the dynamics of HD populations within its own rhizosphere, particularly during the flowering season, suggesting a period of higher rhizoremediation activity. Additionally, during the vegetative period, plants with fibrous and dense root system tend to retain hydrocarbons around their belowground tissues more efficiently than plants with adventitious root system. Overall results indicate that fibrous root plants have a higher potential to promote hydrocarbons degradation, and that seasonality should be taken into account when designing long-term rhizoremediation strategies in estuarine areas.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1357454-mesoscale-magnetism','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1357454-mesoscale-magnetism"><span>Mesoscale <span class="hlt">magnetism</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Hoffmann, Axel; Schultheiß, Helmut</p> <p>2014-12-17</p> <p><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> interactions give rise to a surprising amount of complexity due to the fact that both static and dynamic <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties are governed by competing short-range exchange interactions and long-range dipolar coupling. Even though the underlying dynamical equations are well established, the connection of <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> dynamics to other degrees of freedom, such as optical excitations, charge and heat flow, or mechanical motion, make <span class="hlt">magnetism</span> a mesoscale research problem that is still wide open for exploration. Synthesizing <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> materials and heterostructures with tailored properties will allow to take advantage of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> interactions spanning many length-scales, which can be probed with advancedmore » spectroscopy and microscopy and modeled with multi-scale simulations. Finally, this paper highlights some of the current basic research topics in mesoscale <span class="hlt">magnetism</span>, which beyond their fundamental science impact are also expected to <span class="hlt">influence</span> applications ranging from information technologies to <span class="hlt">magnetism</span> based energy conversion.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21452660-quasi-biennial-oscillations-solar-tachocline-caused-magnetic-rossby-wave-instabilities','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21452660-quasi-biennial-oscillations-solar-tachocline-caused-magnetic-rossby-wave-instabilities"><span>QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATIONS IN THE SOLAR TACHOCLINE CAUSED BY <span class="hlt">MAGNETIC</span> ROSSBY WAVE INSTABILITIES</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Zaqarashvili, Teimuraz V.; Carbonell, Marc; Oliver, Ramon</p> <p>2010-11-20</p> <p>Quasi-biennial oscillations (QBOs) are frequently observed in solar activity indices. However, no clear physical mechanism for the observed variations has been suggested so far. Here, we study the stability of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> Rossby waves in the solar tachocline using the shallow water magnetohydrodynamic approximation. Our analysis shows that the combination of typical differential rotation and a toroidal <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field with a strength of {>=}10{sup 5} G triggers the instability of the m = 1 <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> Rossby wave harmonic with a period of {approx}2 years. This harmonic is antisymmetric with respect to the equator and its period (and growth rate) depends onmore » the differential rotation parameters and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field strength. The oscillations may cause a periodic <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux emergence at the solar surface and consequently may lead to the observed QBO in solar activity features. The period of QBOs may change throughout a <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, and from <span class="hlt">cycle</span> to <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, due to variations of the mean <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field and differential rotation in the tachocline.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28972899','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28972899"><span>Choice of mineral fertilizer substitution principle strongly <span class="hlt">influences</span> LCA environmental benefits of nutrient <span class="hlt">cycling</span> in the agri-food system.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hanserud, Ola Stedje; Cherubini, Francesco; Øgaard, Anne Falk; Müller, Daniel B; Brattebø, Helge</p> <p>2018-02-15</p> <p>Increased nutrient <span class="hlt">cycling</span> in the agri-food system is a way to achieve a healthier nutrient stewardship and more sustainable food production. In life <span class="hlt">cycle</span> assessment (LCA) studies, use of recycled fertilizer products is often credited by the substitution method, which subtracts the environmental burdens associated with avoided production of mineral fertilizer from the system under study. The environmental benefits from avoided fertilizer production can make an important contribution to the results, but different calculation principles and often implicit assumptions are used to estimate the amount of avoided mineral fertilizer. This may hinder comparisons between studies. The present study therefore examines how the choice of substitution principles <span class="hlt">influences</span> LCA results. Three different substitution principles, called one-to-one, maintenance, and adjusted maintenance, are identified, and we test the importance of these in a case study on cattle slurry management. We show that the inventory of avoided mineral fertilizer varies greatly when the different principles are applied, with strong <span class="hlt">influences</span> on two-thirds of LCA impact categories. With the one-to-one principle, there is a risk of systematically over-estimating the environmental benefits from nutrient <span class="hlt">cycling</span>. In a sensitivity analysis we show that the difference between the principles is closely related to the application rate and levels of residual nutrients in the soil. We recommend that LCA practitioners first and foremost state and justify the substitution method they use, in order to increase transparency and comparability with other studies. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930026453&hterms=magnetic+cooling&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dmagnetic%2Bcooling','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930026453&hterms=magnetic+cooling&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dmagnetic%2Bcooling"><span>Properties of quasi-periodic oscillations in accreting <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> white dwarfs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wu, Kinwah; Chanmugam, G.; Shaviv, G.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>Previous studies of time-dependent accretion onto <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> white dwarfs, in which the cooling was assumed to be due to bremsstrahlung emission, have shown that the accretion shock undergoes oscillations. However, when cyclotron cooling is also included, the oscillations are damped for sufficiently strong <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields. Here we demonstrate that the oscillations can be sustained by accretion-fluctuation-induced excitations. The frequency of the QPOs are shown to increase quadratically with the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field strength. We interpret the oscillations as a two-phase process in which bremsstrahlung cooling dominates in one half-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> and cyclotron cooling in the other. Such a process may have very different consequences compared to a single-phase process where the functional form of the cooling is essentially the same throughout the <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. If in the two-phase process damping occurs mainly in the cyclotron cooling half-<span class="hlt">cycle</span>, there will be a universal effective damping factor which tends to suppress all oscillation modes indiscriminately. The oscillations of the accretion shock also could be a limit <span class="hlt">cycle</span> process in which the system vacillates between two branches.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA549089','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA549089"><span>Response of Materials Subjected to <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Fields</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-08-31</p> <p>is a superconducting Helmholtz coil capable of operating at up to 6 Tesla. Access to the high <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field at the center of the <span class="hlt">magnet</span> is by...conducting sphere moves through the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field gradient (0 to 4 Tesla over ~20cm) at low velocity (under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of gravity for 1 meter). Area...sphere moves through the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field gradient (0 to 4 Tesla over ~20cm) at high velocity (under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of gravity for 1 meter). Figure 8</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25758908','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25758908"><span>Factors <span class="hlt">influencing</span> the life <span class="hlt">cycle</span> burdens of the recovery of energy from residual municipal waste.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Burnley, Stephen; Coleman, Terry; Peirce, Adam</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>A life <span class="hlt">cycle</span> assessment was carried out to assess a selection of the factors <span class="hlt">influencing</span> the environmental impacts and benefits of incinerating the fraction of municipal waste remaining after source-separation for reuse, recycling, composting or anaerobic digestion. The factors investigated were the extent of any metal and aggregate recovery from the bottom ash, the thermal efficiency of the process, and the conventional fuel for electricity generation displaced by the power generated. The results demonstrate that incineration has significant advantages over landfill with lower impacts from climate change, resource depletion, acidification, eutrophication human toxicity and aquatic ecotoxicity. To maximise the benefits of energy recovery, metals, particularly aluminium, should be reclaimed from the residual bottom ash and the energy recovery stage of the process should be as efficient as possible. The overall environmental benefits/burdens of energy from waste also strongly depend on the source of the power displaced by the energy from waste, with coal giving the greatest benefits and combined <span class="hlt">cycle</span> turbines fuelled by natural gas the lowest of those considered. Regardless of the conventional power displaced incineration presents a lower environmental burden than landfill. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15537588','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15537588"><span>The underwriting <span class="hlt">cycle</span>: the rule of six.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rosenblatt, Alice</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>The underwriting <span class="hlt">cycle</span> is a thing of the past for most health insurance companies. There were six primary factors that caused the six-year pattern of the underwriting <span class="hlt">cycle</span> for 1965-1991. These factors were claims payment <span class="hlt">cycle</span> time, renewal dates and process, growth versus profit objectives, role of the actuary, rate regulation, and reimbursement methods. Most companies have made major changes to <span class="hlt">influence</span> these factors, which will prevent a recurrence of the underwriting <span class="hlt">cycles</span> of the past.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25273047','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25273047"><span>A three-dimensional finite element evaluation of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> attachment attractive force and the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> circuit.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kumano, Hirokazu; Nakamura, Yoshinori; Kanbara, Ryo; Takada, Yukyo; Ochiai, Kent T; Tanaka, Yoshinobu</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The finite element method has been considered to be excellent evaluative technique to study <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> circuit optimization. The present study analyzed and quantitatively evaluated the different effects of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> circuit on attractive force and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux density using a three-dimensional finite element method for comparative evaluation. The diameter of a non-<span class="hlt">magnetic</span> material in the shield disk of a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> assembly was variably increased by 0.1 mm to a maximum 2.0 mm in this study design. The analysis results demonstrate that attractive force increases until the diameter of the non-<span class="hlt">magnetic</span> spacing material reaches a diameter of 0.5 mm where it peaks and then decreases as the overall diameter increases over 0.5 mm. The present analysis suggested that the attractive force for a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> attachment is optimized with an appropriate <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> assembly shield disk diameter using a non-<span class="hlt">magnetic</span> material to effectively change the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> circuit efficiency and resulting retention.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990056481&hterms=Magnetic+Flux&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DMagnetic%2BFlux','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990056481&hterms=Magnetic+Flux&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DMagnetic%2BFlux"><span><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> flux in modeled <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> clouds at 1 AU and some specific comparisons to associated photospheric flux</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lepping, R. P.; Szabo, A.; DeForest, C. E.; Thompson, B. J.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>In order to better understand the solar origins of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> clouds, statistical distributions of the estimated axial <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux of 30 <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> clouds at 1 AU, separated according to their occurrence during the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, were obtained and a comparison was made of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux of a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> cloud to the aggregate flux of apparently associated photospheric <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux tubes, for some specific cases. The 30 <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> clouds comprise 12 cases from WIND, and the remainder from IMP-8, earlier IMPs, the International Sun-Earth Explorer (ISEE) 3 and HELIOS. The total <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux along the cloud axis was estimated using a constant alpha, cylindrical, force-free flux rope model to determine cloud diameter and axial magentic field strength. The distribution of magentic fluxes for the 30 clouds is shown to be in the form of a skewed Gaussian.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhRvB..74d5315Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhRvB..74d5315Y"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of a parallel <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field on the microwave photoconductivity in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, C. L.; Du, R. R.; Pfeiffer, L. N.; West, K. W.</p> <p>2006-07-01</p> <p>Using a two-axis <span class="hlt">magnet</span>, we have studied experimentally the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of a parallel <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field (B//) on microwave-induced resistance oscillations (MIROs) and zero-resistance states (ZRS) previously discovered in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron system. We have observed a strong suppression of MIRO/ZRS by a modest B//˜1T . In Hall bar samples, magnetoplasmon resonance (MPR) has also been observed concurrently with the MIRO/ZRS. In contrast to the suppression of MIRO/ZRS, the MPR peak is apparently enhanced by B// . These findings cannot be explained by a simple modification of single-particle energy spectrum and/or scattering parameters by B// .</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26308947','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26308947"><span>The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of quarantine on reproductive <span class="hlt">cycling</span> in wild-caught Baboons (Papio anubis).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liechty, Emma R; Wang, Diane Y; Chen, Emily; Chai, Daniel; Bell, Jason D; Bergin, Ingrid L</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Stress impacts nonhuman primate menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span> length but the impact of quarantine is unknown. A retrospective analysis was performed on <span class="hlt">cycle</span> data from 31 wild-caught baboons during and following quarantine. <span class="hlt">Cycling</span> initiated in 94 days (19-181) and length normalized within 4-6 <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. Quarantine significantly impacts menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span> length. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016cosp...41E1762S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016cosp...41E1762S"><span>Geomagnetic activity during 10 - 11 solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span> that has been observed by old Russian observatories.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Seredyn, Tomasz; Wysokinski, Arkadiusz; Kobylinski, Zbigniew; Bialy, Jerzy</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>A good knowledge of solar-terrestrial relations during past solar activity <span class="hlt">cycles</span> could give the appropriate tools for a correct space weather forecast. The paper focuses on the analysis of the historical collections of the ground based <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> observations and their operational indices from the period of two sunspot solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span> 10 - 11, period 1856 - 1878 (Bartels rotations 324 - 635). We use hourly observations of H and D geomagnetic field components registered at Russian stations: St. Petersburg - Pavlovsk, Barnaul, Ekaterinburg, Nertshinsk, Sitka, and compare them to the data obtained from the Helsinki observatory. We compare directly these records and also calculated from the data of the every above mentioned station IHV indices introduced by Svalgaard (2003), which have been used for further comparisons in epochs of assumed different polarity of the heliospheric <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. We used also local index C9 derived by Zosimovich (1981) from St. Petersburg - Pavlovsk data. Solar activity is represented by sunspot numbers. The correlative and continuous wavelet analyses are applied for estimation of the correctness of records from different <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> stations. We have specially regard to <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> storms in the investigated period and the special Carrington event of 1-2 Sep 1859. Generally studied <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> time series correctly show variability of the geomagnetic activity. Geomagnetic activity presents some delay in relation to solar one as it is seen especially during descending and minimum phase of the even 11-year <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. This pattern looks similarly in the case of 16 - 17 solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999SSCom.113..103E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999SSCom.113..103E"><span>The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of spin orbit coupling and a current dependent potential on the residual resistivity of disordered <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> alloys</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ebert, H.; Vernes, A.; Banhart, J.</p> <p>1999-11-01</p> <p>It has been shown recently, for a number of various <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> disordered alloy systems, that the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) may have an important <span class="hlt">influence</span> on the isotropic residual resistivity and that it is the primary source of the galvano-<span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties spontaneous magnetoresistance anisotropy (SMA) and anomalous Hall resistivity (AHR). Here it is demonstrated that—in contrast to many other spin-orbit induced phenomena—all these findings stem from the part of the spin-orbit coupling that gives rise to a mixing of the two spin sub-systems. In line with this result it is shown that inclusion of a current dependent potential within a calculation of the underlying electronic structure hardly affects the transport properties if the corresponding <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> vector potential does not lead to a mixing of the spin sub-systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110015294','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110015294"><span>Chromospheric Signatures of the Subdued <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> 23/24 Solar Minimum in Microwaves</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Yashiro, S.; Makela, P.; Shibasaki, K.; Hathaway, D.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Coronal holes appear brighter than the quiet Sun in microwave images, with a brightness enhancement of 500 to 2000 K. The brightness enhancement corresponds to the upper chromosphere, where the plasma temperature is about 10000 K. We constructed a microwave butterfly diagram using the synoptic images obtained by the Nobeyama radio-heliograph (NoRH) showing the evolution of the polar and low latitude brightness temperature. While the polar brightness reveals the chromospheric conditions, the low latitude brightness is attributed to active regions in the corona. When we compared the microwave butterfly diagram with the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> butterfly diagram, we found a good correlation between the microwave brightness enhancement and the polar field strength. The microwave butterfly diagram covers part of solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 22, whole of <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23, and part of <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 24, thus enabling comparison between the <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23/24 and <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 22/23 minima. The microwave brightness during the <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23/24 minimum was found to be lower than that during the <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 22/23 minimum by approx.250 K. The reduced brightness temperature is consistent with the reduced polar field strength during the <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23/24 minimum seen in the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> butterfly diagram. We suggest that the microwave brightness at the solar poles is a good indicator of the speed of the solar wind sampled by Ulysses at high latitudes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26ES...87c2024M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26ES...87c2024M"><span>Review of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> refrigeration system as alternative to conventional refrigeration system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mezaal, N. A.; Osintsev, K. V.; Zhirgalova, T. B.</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>The refrigeration system is one of the most important systems in industry. Developers are constantly seeking for how to avoid the damage to the environment. <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> refrigeration is an emerging, environment-friendly technology based on a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> solid that acts as a refrigerant by magneto-caloric effect (MCE). In the case of ferromagnetic materials, MCE warms as the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> moments of the atom are aligned by the application of a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. There are two types of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> phase changes that may occur at the Curie point: first order <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> transition (FOMT) and second order <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> transition (SOMT). The reference <span class="hlt">cycle</span> for <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> refrigeration is AMR (Active <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Regenerative <span class="hlt">cycle</span>), where the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> material matrix works both as a refrigerating medium and as a heat regenerating medium, while the fluid flowing in the porous matrix works as a heat transfer medium. Regeneration can be accomplished by blowing a heat transfer fluid in a reciprocating fashion through the regenerator made of magnetocaloric material that is alternately <span class="hlt">magnetized</span> and demagnetized. Many <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> refrigeration prototypes with different designs and software models have been built in different parts of the world. In this paper, the authors try to shed light on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> refrigeration and show its effectiveness compared with conventional refrigeration methods.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19750013117','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19750013117"><span>Interplanetary <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field data book</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>King, J. H.</p> <p>1975-01-01</p> <p>An interplanetary <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field (IMF) data set is presented that is uniform with respect to inclusion of cislunar IMF data only, and which has as complete time coverage as presently possible over a full solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. Macroscale phenomena in the interplanetary medium (sector structure, heliolatitude variations, solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> variations, etc.) and other phenomena (e.g., ground level cosmic-ray events) for which knowledge of the IMF with hourly resolution is necessary, are discussed. Listings and plots of cislunar hourly averaged IMP parameters over the period November 27, 1963, to May 17, 1974, are presented along with discussion of the mutual consistency of the IMF data used herein. The <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> tape from which the plots and listings were generated, which is available from the National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC), is also discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSH21A2639N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSH21A2639N"><span>An Early Prediction of Sunspot <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> 25</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nandy, D.; Bhowmik, P.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The Sun's <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> activity governs our space environment, creates space weather and impacts our technologies and climate. With increasing reliance on space- and ground-based technologies that are subject to space weather, the need to be able to forecast the future activity of the Sun has assumed increasing importance. However, such long-range, decadal-scale space weather prediction has remained a great challenge as evident in the diverging forecasts for solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 24. Based on recently acquired understanding of the physics of solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> predictability, we have devised a scheme to extend the forecasting window of solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. Utilizing this we present an early forecast for sunspot <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 25 which would be of use for space mission planning, satellite life-time estimates, and assessment of the long-term impacts of space weather on technological assets and planetary atmospheres.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=menopause&pg=3&id=EJ274993','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=menopause&pg=3&id=EJ274993"><span>An Ethnography of the Navajo Reproductive <span class="hlt">Cycle</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Wright, Anne</p> <p>1982-01-01</p> <p>Describes the reproductive <span class="hlt">cycle</span> (menarche, menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, fertility and contraceptive use, and menopause) as experienced by two groups of contemporary Navajo women. Eighty Navajo women, 40 traditional and 40 acculturated, participated in the 1978 research project which focused on <span class="hlt">influences</span> of menopause. (ERB)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27321149','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27321149"><span>Multiple <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> scattering in small-angle neutron scattering of Nd-Fe-B nanocrystalline <span class="hlt">magnet</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ueno, Tetsuro; Saito, Kotaro; Yano, Masao; Ito, Masaaki; Shoji, Tetsuya; Sakuma, Noritsugu; Kato, Akira; Manabe, Akira; Hashimoto, Ai; Gilbert, Elliot P; Keiderling, Uwe; Ono, Kanta</p> <p>2016-06-20</p> <p>We have investigated the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of multiple scattering on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) from a Nd-Fe-B nanocrystalline <span class="hlt">magnet</span>. We performed sample-thickness- and neutron-wavelength-dependent SANS measurements, and observed the scattering vector dependence of the multiple <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> scattering. It is revealed that significant multiple scattering exists in the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> scattering rather than the nuclear scattering of Nd-Fe-B nanocrystalline <span class="hlt">magnet</span>. It is considered that the mean free path of the neutrons for <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> scattering is rather short in Nd-Fe-B <span class="hlt">magnets</span>. We analysed the SANS data by the phenomenological <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> correlation model considering the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> microstructures and obtained the microstructural parameters.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4913308','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4913308"><span>Multiple <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> scattering in small-angle neutron scattering of Nd–Fe–B nanocrystalline <span class="hlt">magnet</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ueno, Tetsuro; Saito, Kotaro; Yano, Masao; Ito, Masaaki; Shoji, Tetsuya; Sakuma, Noritsugu; Kato, Akira; Manabe, Akira; Hashimoto, Ai; Gilbert, Elliot P.; Keiderling, Uwe; Ono, Kanta</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>We have investigated the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of multiple scattering on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) from a Nd–Fe–B nanocrystalline <span class="hlt">magnet</span>. We performed sample-thickness- and neutron-wavelength-dependent SANS measurements, and observed the scattering vector dependence of the multiple <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> scattering. It is revealed that significant multiple scattering exists in the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> scattering rather than the nuclear scattering of Nd–Fe–B nanocrystalline <span class="hlt">magnet</span>. It is considered that the mean free path of the neutrons for <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> scattering is rather short in Nd–Fe–B <span class="hlt">magnets</span>. We analysed the SANS data by the phenomenological <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> correlation model considering the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> microstructures and obtained the microstructural parameters. PMID:27321149</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V51D0401G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V51D0401G"><span>Seafloor Age-Stacking Reveals No Evidence for Milankovitch <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> <span class="hlt">Influence</span> on Abyssal Hills at Intermediate, Fast and Super-Fast Spreading Rates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Goff, J.; Zahirovic, S.; Müller, D.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Recently published spectral analyses of seafloor bathymetry concluded that abyssal hills, highly linear ridges that are formed along seafloor spreading centers, exhibit periodicities that correspond to Milankovitch <span class="hlt">cycles</span> - variations in Earth's orbit that affect climate on periods of 23, 41 and 100 thousand years. These studies argue that this correspondence could be explained by modulation of volcanic output at the mid-ocean ridge due to lithostatic pressure variations associated with rising and falling sea level. If true, then the implications are substantial: mapping the topography of the seafloor with sonar could be used as a way to investigate past climate change. This "Milankovitch <span class="hlt">cycle</span>" hypothesis predicts that the rise and fall of abyssal hills will be correlated to crustal age, which can be tested by stacking, or averaging, bathymetry as a function of age; stacking will enhance any age-dependent signal while suppressing random components, such as fault-generated topography. We apply age-stacking to data flanking the Southeast Indian Ridge ( 3.6 cm/yr half rate), northern East Pacific Rise ( 5.4 cm/yr half rate) and southern East Pacific Rise ( 7.8 cm/yr half rate), where multibeam bathymetric coverage is extensive on the ridge flanks. At the greatest precision possible given <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> anomaly data coverage, we have revised digital crustal age models in these regions with updated axis and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> anomaly traces. We also utilize known 2nd-order spatial statistical properties of abyssal hills to predict the variability of the age-stack under the null hypothesis that abyssal hills are entirely random with respect to crustal age; the age-stacked profile is significantly different from zero only if it exceeds this expected variability by a large margin. Our results indicate, however, that the null hypothesis satisfactorily explains the age-stacking results in all three regions of study, thus providing no support for the Milankovitch <span class="hlt">cycle</span> hypothesis. The</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMGP31A1276V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMGP31A1276V"><span>Low temperature <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of monoclinic pyrrhotite with particular relevance to the Besnus transition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Volk, M.; Gilder, S.; Feinberg, J. M.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Monoclinic pyrrhotite (Fe7S8) is an important mineral on earth as well as in some meteorites. It owes its ferrimagnetism to an ordered array of Fe vacancies. Its <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties change markedly around 30 K, in what is known as the Besnus transition. Plausible explanations for the Besnus transition are either due to changes in crystalline anisotropy from a transformation in crystal symmetry or from the establishment of a two-phase system with <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> interaction between the two phases. To help resolve this discrepancy, we measured hysteresis loops every 5° and back field curves every 10° in the basal plane of an oriented single crystal of monoclinic pyrrhotite at 300 K and at 21 temperature steps from 50 K through the Besnus transition until 20 K. Between 50 and 30 K, hysteresis loops possess double inflections between crystallographic a-axes and only a single inflection parallel to the a-axes. The second inflection phenomenon and relative differences of the loops show a six-fold symmetry in this temperature range. The Besnus transition is best characterized by changes in <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> remanence and coercivity over a 6° temperature span with a maximum rate of change at 30 K. A surprising yet puzzling finding is that the coercivity ratio becomes less than unity below the transition when four-fold symmetry arises. The saturation <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> of natural pyrrhotite <span class="hlt">cycled</span> from room temperature to successively lower temperatures through the Besnus transition decreases 2-4 times less than equivalent grain sizes of magnetite, with less than a 10% loss in remanence between 300 K and 150 K in pseudo-single domain pyrrhotite. As pseudo-single domain monoclinic pyrrhotite carries the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> remanence in some meteorites, it is likely that low temperature <span class="hlt">cycling</span> in space to the Earth's surface will have only a minor <span class="hlt">influence</span> on paleointensity values derived from those meteorites.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.B13G0706S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.B13G0706S"><span>The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of woody encroachment on the nitrogen <span class="hlt">cycle</span>: fixation, storage and gas loss</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Soper, F.; Sparks, J. P.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Woody encroachment is a pervasive land cover change throughout the tropics and subtropics. Encroachment is frequently catalyzed by nitrogen (N)-fixing trees and the resulting N inputs potentially alter whole-ecosystem N <span class="hlt">cycling</span>, accumulation and loss. In the southern US, widespread encroachment by legume Prosopis glandulosa is associated with increased soil total N storage, inorganic N concentrations, and net mineralization and nitrification rates. To better understand the effects of this process on ecosystem N <span class="hlt">cycling</span>, we investigated patterns of symbiotic N fixation, N accrual and soil N trace gas and N2 emissions during Prosopis encroachment into the southern Rio Grande Plains. Analyses of d15N in foliage, xylem sap and plant-available soil N suggested that N fixation rates increase with tree age and are <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by abiotic conditions. A model of soil N accrual around individual trees, accounting for atmospheric inputs and gas losses, generates lifetimes N fixation estimates of up to 9 kg for a 100-year-old tree and current rates of 7 kg N ha-1 yr-1. However, these N inputs and increased soil <span class="hlt">cycling</span> rates do not translate into increased N gas losses. Two years of field measurements of a complete suite of N trace gases (ammonia, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide and other oxidized N compounds) found no difference in flux between upland Prosopis groves and adjacent unencroached grasslands. Total emissions for both land cover types average 0.56-0.65 kg N ha-1 yr-1, comparable to other southern US grasslands. Additional lab experiments suggested that N2 losses are low and that field oxygen conditions are not usually conducive to denitrification. Taken together, results suggest that this ecosystem is currently experiencing a period of net N accrual under ongoing encroachment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGC43C1075N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGC43C1075N"><span>How does soil erosion <span class="hlt">influence</span> the terrestrial carbon <span class="hlt">cycle</span> and the impacts of land use and land cover change?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Naipal, V.; Wang, Y.; Ciais, P.; Guenet, B.; Lauerwald, R.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The onset of agriculture has accelerated soil erosion rates significantly, mobilizing vast quantities of soil organic carbon (SOC) globally. Studies show that at timescales of decennia to millennia this mobilized SOC can significantly alter previously estimated carbon emissions from land use and land cover change (LULCC). However, a full understanding of the impact of soil erosion on land-atmosphere carbon exchange is still missing. The aim of our study is to better constrain the terrestrial carbon fluxes by developing methods, which are compatible with earth system models (ESMs), and explicitly represent the links between soil erosion and carbon dynamics. For this we use an emulator that represents the carbon <span class="hlt">cycle</span> of ORCHIDEE, which is the land component of the IPSL ESM, in combination with an adjusted version of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. We applied this modeling framework at the global scale to evaluate how soil erosion <span class="hlt">influenced</span> the terrestrial carbon <span class="hlt">cycle</span> in the presence of elevated CO2, regional climate change and land use change. Here, we focus on the effects of soil detachment by erosion only and do not consider sediment transport and deposition. We found that including soil erosion in the SOC dynamics-scheme resulted in two times more SOC being lost during the historical period (1850-2005 AD). LULCC is the main contributor to this SOC loss, whose impact on the SOC stocks is significantly amplified by erosion. Regionally, the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of soil erosion varies significantly, depending on the magnitude of the perturbations to the carbon <span class="hlt">cycle</span> and the effects of LULCC and climate change on soil erosion rates. We conclude that it is necessary to include soil erosion in assessments of LULCC, and to explicitly consider the effects of elevated CO2 and climate change on the carbon <span class="hlt">cycle</span> and on soil erosion, for better quantification of past, present, and future LULCC carbon emissions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018RuPhJ..61..150B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018RuPhJ..61..150B"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of <span class="hlt">Magnetically</span> Conjugate Fragments of Auroral Emission Images on the Accuracy of Determining E av of Precipitating Electrons</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Banshchikova, M. A.; Chuvashov, I. N.; Kuzmin, A. K.; Kruchenitskii, G. M.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Results of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> conjugation of image fragments of auroral emissions at different altitudes along the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field lines and preliminary results of evaluation of their <span class="hlt">influence</span> on the accuracy of remote mapping of energy characteristics of precipitating electrons are presented. The results are obtained using the code of tracing being an integral part of the software Vector M intended for calculation of accompanying, geophysical, and astronomical information for the center of mass of a space vehicle (SV) and remote observation of aurora by means of Aurovisor-VIS/MP imager onboard the SV Meteor-MP to be launched.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSH13A2474F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSH13A2474F"><span>Solar Surface Velocity in the Large Scale estimated by <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Element Tracking Method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fujiyama, M.; Imada, S.; Iijima, H.; Machida, S.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The 11years variation in the solar activity is one of the important sources of decadal variation in the solar-terrestrial environment. Therefore, predicting the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> activity is crucial for the space weather. To build the prediction schemes for the next solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> is a key for the long-term space weather study. Recently, the relationship between polar <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field at the solar minimum and next solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> activity is intensively discussed. Nowadays, many people believe that the polar <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field at the solar minimum is one of the best predictor for the next solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. To estimate polar <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field, Surface Flux Transport (SFT) model have been often used. On the other hand, SFT model needs several parameters, for example Meridional circulation, differential rotation, turbulent diffusion etc.. So far, those parameters have not been fully understood, and their uncertainties may affect the accuracy of the prediction. In this study, we try to discuss the parameters which are used in SFT model. We focus on two kinds of the solar surface motions, Differential rotation and Meridional circulation. First, we have developed <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Element Tracking (MET) module, which is able to obtain the surface velocity by using the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field data. We have used SOHO/MDI and SDO/HMI for the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field data. By using MET, we study the solar surface motion over 2 <span class="hlt">cycle</span> (nearly 24 years), and we found that the velocity variation is related to the active region belt. This result is consistent with [Hathaway et al., 2011]. Further, we apply our module to the Hinode/SOT data which spatial resolution is high. Because of its high resolution, we can discuss the surface motion close to the pole which has not been discussed enough. Further, we discuss the relationship between the surface motion and the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field strength and the location of longitude.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23936425','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23936425"><span>Life on <span class="hlt">magnets</span>: stem cell networking on micro-<span class="hlt">magnet</span> arrays.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zablotskii, Vitalii; Dejneka, Alexandr; Kubinová, Šárka; Le-Roy, Damien; Dumas-Bouchiat, Frédéric; Givord, Dominique; Dempsey, Nora M; Syková, Eva</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Interactions between a micro-<span class="hlt">magnet</span> array and living cells may guide the establishment of cell networks due to the cellular response to a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. To manipulate mesenchymal stem cells free of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles by a high <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field gradient, we used high quality micro-patterned NdFeB films around which the stray field's value and direction drastically change across the cell body. Such micro-<span class="hlt">magnet</span> arrays coated with parylene produce high <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field gradients that affect the cells in two main ways: i) causing cell migration and adherence to a covered <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> surface and ii) elongating the cells in the directions parallel to the edges of the micro-<span class="hlt">magnet</span>. To explain these effects, three putative mechanisms that incorporate both physical and biological factors <span class="hlt">influencing</span> the cells are suggested. It is shown that the static high <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field gradient generated by the micro-<span class="hlt">magnet</span> arrays are capable of assisting cell migration to those areas with the strongest <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field gradient, thereby allowing the build up of tunable interconnected stem cell networks, which is an elegant route for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995MMTA...26..673V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995MMTA...26..673V"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of subsolvus thermomechanical processing on the low-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> fatigue properties of haynes 230 alloy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vecchio, Kenneth S.; Fitzpatrick, Michael D.; Klarstrom, Dwaine</p> <p>1995-03-01</p> <p>Strain-controlled low-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> fatigue tests have been conducted in air at elevated temperature to determine the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of subsolvus thermomechanical processing on the low-<span class="hlt">cycle</span> fatigue (LCF) behavior of HAYNES 230 alloy. A series of tests at various strain ranges was conducted on material experimentally processed at 1121 °C, which is below the M23C6 carbide solvus temperature, and on material fully solution annealed at 1232 °C. A comparative strain-life analysis was performed on the LCF results, and the cyclic hardening/softening characteristics were examined. At 760 °C and 871 °C, the fatigue life of the experimental 230/1121 material was improved relative to the standard 230/1232 material up to a factor of 3. The fatigue life advantage of the experimental material was related primarily to a lower plastic (inelastic) strain amplitude response for a given imposed total strain range. It appears the increase in monotonic flow stress exhibited by the finer grain size experimental material has been translated into an increase in cyclic flow stress at the 760 °C and 871 °C test temperatures. Both materials exhibited entirely transgranular fatigue crack initiation and propagation modes at these temperatures. The LCF performance of the experimental material in tests performed at 982 °C was improved relative to the standard material up to a factor as high as 2. The life advantage of the 230/1121 material occurred despite having a larger plastic strain amplitude than the standard 230/1232 material for a given total strain range. Though not fully understood at present, it is suspected that this behavior is related to the deleterious <span class="hlt">influence</span> of grain boundaries in the fatigue crack initiations of the standard processed material relative to the experimental material, and ultimately to differences in carbide morphology as a result of thermomechanical processing.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/875274','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/875274"><span>Thermonuclear inverse <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> pumping power <span class="hlt">cycle</span> for stellarator reactor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Ho, Darwin D.; Kulsrud, Russell M.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>The plasma column in a stellarator is compressed and expanded alternatively in minor radius. First a plasma in thermal balance is compressed adiabatically. The volume of the compressed plasma is maintained until the plasma reaches a new thermal equilibrium. The plasma is then expanded to its original volume. As a result of the way a stellarator works, the plasma pressure during compression is less than the corresponding pressure during expansion. Therefore, negative work is done on the plasma over a complete <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. This work manifests itself as a back-voltage in the toroidal field coils. Direct electrical energy is obtained from this voltage. Alternatively, after the compression step, the plasma can be expanded at constant pressure. The <span class="hlt">cycle</span> can be made self-sustaining by operating a system of two stellarator reactors in tandem. Part of the energy derived from the expansion phase of a first stellarator reactor is used to compress the plasma in a second stellarator reactor.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JAP...115qB729N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JAP...115qB729N"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of writing and reading intertrack interferences in terms of bit aspect ratio in shingled <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> recording</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nobuhara, Hirofumi; Okamoto, Yoshihiro; Yamashita, Masato; Nakamura, Yasuaki; Osawa, Hisashi; Muraoka, Hiroaki</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>In this paper, we investigate the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the writing and reading intertrack interferences (ITIs) in terms of bit aspect ratio (BAR) in shingled <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> recording by computer simulation using a read/write model which consists of a writing process based on Stoner-Wohlfarth switching asteroid by a one-side shielded isosceles triangular write head and a reading process by an around shielded read head for a discrete Voronoi medium model. The results show that BAR should be 3 to reduce the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of writing and reading ITIs, media noise, and additive white Gaussian noise in an assumed areal density of 4.61Tbpsi.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22254149-permanent-magnet-electron-beam-ion-source-trap-systems-bakeable-magnets-improved-operation-conditions','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22254149-permanent-magnet-electron-beam-ion-source-trap-systems-bakeable-magnets-improved-operation-conditions"><span>Permanent <span class="hlt">magnet</span> electron beam ion source/trap systems with bakeable <span class="hlt">magnets</span> for improved operation conditions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Schmidt, M., E-mail: mike.schmidt@dreebit.com; Zschornack, G.; Kentsch, U.</p> <p></p> <p>The <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> system of a Dresden electron beam ion source (EBIS) generating the necessary <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field with a new type of permanent <span class="hlt">magnet</span> made of high energy density NdFeB-type material operable at temperatures above 100 °C has been investigated and tested. The employment of such kind of <span class="hlt">magnets</span> provides simplified operation without the time-consuming installation and de-installation procedures of the <span class="hlt">magnets</span> for the necessary baking of the ion source after commissioning and maintenance work. Furthermore, with the use of a new <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> technique the geometrical filling factor of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> Dresden EBIS design could be increased to a filling factor ofmore » 100% leading to an axial <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field strength of approximately 0.5 T exceeding the old design by 20%. Simulations using the finite element method software Field Precision and their results compared with measurements are presented as well. It could be shown that several baking <span class="hlt">cycles</span> at temperatures higher than 100 °C did not change the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of the setup.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24593603','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24593603"><span>Permanent <span class="hlt">magnet</span> electron beam ion source/trap systems with bakeable <span class="hlt">magnets</span> for improved operation conditions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schmidt, M; Zschornack, G; Kentsch, U; Ritter, E</p> <p>2014-02-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> system of a Dresden electron beam ion source (EBIS) generating the necessary <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field with a new type of permanent <span class="hlt">magnet</span> made of high energy density NdFeB-type material operable at temperatures above 100 °C has been investigated and tested. The employment of such kind of <span class="hlt">magnets</span> provides simplified operation without the time-consuming installation and de-installation procedures of the <span class="hlt">magnets</span> for the necessary baking of the ion source after commissioning and maintenance work. Furthermore, with the use of a new <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> technique the geometrical filling factor of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> Dresden EBIS design could be increased to a filling factor of 100% leading to an axial <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field strength of approximately 0.5 T exceeding the old design by 20%. Simulations using the finite element method software Field Precision and their results compared with measurements are presented as well. It could be shown that several baking <span class="hlt">cycles</span> at temperatures higher than 100 °C did not change the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of the setup.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1917798G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1917798G"><span>Structure of the photospheric <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field during sector crossings of the heliospheric <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Getachew, Tibebu; Virtanen, Ilpo; Mursula, Kalevi</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The photospheric <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field is the source of the coronal and heliospheric <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields (HMF), but their mutual correspondence is non-trivial and depends on the phase of the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. The photospheric field during the HMF sector crossings observed at 1 AU has been found to contain enhanced field intensities and definite polarity ordering, forming regions called Hale boundaries. Here we study the structure of the photospheric field during the HMF sector crossings during solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span> 21-24, separately for the four phases of each solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. We use a refined version of Svalgaard's list of major HMF sector crossings, mapped to the Sun using the solar wind speed observed at the Earth, and the daily level-3 magnetograms of the photospheric field measured at the Wilcox Solar Observatory in 1976-2014. We find that the structure of the photospheric field corresponding to the HMF sector crossings, and the existence and properties of the corresponding Hale bipolar regions varies significantly with solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> and with solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> phase. We find evidence for Hale boundaries in many, but not all ascending, maximum and declining phases of solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span> but no minimum phase. The most clear Hale boundaries are found during the (+,-) HMF crossings in the northern hemisphere of odd <span class="hlt">cycles</span> 21 and 23, but less systematically during the (+,-) crossings in the southern hemisphere of even <span class="hlt">cycles</span> 22 and 24. We also find that the Hale structure of <span class="hlt">cycles</span> 23 and 24 is more systematic than during <span class="hlt">cycles</span> 21 and 22. This may be due to the weakening activity, which reduces the complexity of the photospheric field and clarifies the Hale pattern. The photospheric field distribution also depicts a larger area for the field of the northern hemisphere during the declining and minimum phases, in a good agreement with the bashful ballerina phenomenon. The HMF sector crossings observed at 1AU have only a partial correspondence to Hale boundaries in the photosphere, indicating that the two HMF</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23759543','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23759543"><span>Seed orientation and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field strength have more <span class="hlt">influence</span> on tomato seed performance than relative humidity and duration of exposure to non-uniform static <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Poinapen, Danny; Brown, Daniel C W; Beeharry, Girish K</p> <p>2013-09-15</p> <p>Different factors (e.g., light, humidity, and temperature) including exposure to static <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields (SMFs), referred here as critical factors, can significantly affect horticultural seed performance. However, the link between <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field parameters and other interdependent factors affecting seed viability is unclear. The importance of these critical factors affecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) var. MST/32 seed performance was assessed after performing several treatments based on a L9 (3(4)) (four factors at three levels) orthogonal array (OA) design. The variable factors in the design were <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux density (R1=332.1±37.8mT; R2=108.7±26.9mT; and R3=50.6±10.5mT), exposure time (1, 2, and 24h), seed orientation (North polarity, South polarity, and control - no <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field), and relative humidity (RH) (7.0, 25.5, and 75.5%). After seed moisture content stabilisation at the different chosen RH, seeds were exposed in dark under laboratory conditions to several treatments based on the OA design before performance evaluation. Treatments not employing <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field exposure were used as controls. Results indicate that electrolyte leakage rate was reduced by a factor of 1.62 times during seed imbibition when non-uniform SMFs were employed. Higher germination (∼11.0%) was observed in <span class="hlt">magnetically</span>-exposed seeds than in non-exposed ones, although seedlings emerging from SMF treatments did not show a consistent increase in biomass accumulation. The respective <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the four critical factors tested on seed performance was ranked (in decreasing order) as seed orientation to external <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields, <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field strength, RH, and exposure time. This study suggests a significant effect of non-uniform SMFs on seed performance with respect to RH, and more pronounced effects are observed during seed imbibition rather than during later developmental stages. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4552560','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4552560"><span>Differences in Retinal Structure and Function between Aging Male and Female Sprague-Dawley Rats are Strongly <span class="hlt">Influenced</span> by the Estrus <span class="hlt">Cycle</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Chaychi, Samaneh; Polosa, Anna; Lachapelle, Pierre</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Purpose Biological sex and age are considered as two important factors that may <span class="hlt">influence</span> the function and structure of the retina, an effect that might be governed by sexual hormones such as estrogen. The purpose of this study was to delineate the <span class="hlt">influence</span> that biological sex and age exert on the retinal function and structure of rodents and also clarify the effect that the estrus <span class="hlt">cycle</span> might exert on the retinal function of female rats. Method The retinal function of 50 normal male and female albino Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was investigated with the electroretinogram (ERG) at postnatal day (P) 30, 60, 100, 200, and 300 (n = 5–6 male and female rats/age). Following the ERG recording sessions, retinal histology was performed in both sexes. In parallel, the retinal function of premenopausal and menopausal female rats aged P540 were also compared. Results Sex and age-related changes in retinal structure and function were observed in our animal model. However, irrespective of age, no significant difference was observed in ERG and retinal histology obtained from male and female rats. Notwithstanding the above we did however notice that between P60 and P200 there was a gradual increase in ERG amplitudes of female rats compared to males. Furthermore, the ERG of premenopausal female rats aged 18 months old (P540) was larger compared to age-matched menopausal female rats as well as that of male rats. Conclusion Our results showed that biological sex and age can <span class="hlt">influence</span> the retinal function and structure of albino SD rats. Furthermore, we showed that <span class="hlt">cycled</span> female rats have better retinal function compared to the menopausal female rats suggesting a beneficial effect of the estrus <span class="hlt">cycle</span> on the retinal function. PMID:26317201</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..363a2023Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..363a2023Z"><span>Application of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fluid as a detector for changing the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zyatkov, D.; Yurchenko, A.; Yurchenko, V.; Balashov, V.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>In article the possibility of use of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fluid as a sensitive element for fixing of change of induction of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field in space is considered. Importance of solvable tasks is connected with search of the perspective <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> substances susceptible to weak <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. The results of a study of the capacitive method for fixing the change in the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field on the basis of a ferromagnetic liquid are presented. The formation of chain structures in the ferrofluid from <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> particles under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the applied <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field leads to a change in the capacitance of the plate condenser. This task has important practical value for development of a magnetosensitive sensor of change of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JMMM..443..281H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JMMM..443..281H"><span>Characterizing the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> memory signals on the surface of plasma transferred arc cladding coating under fatigue loads</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Huang, Haihong; Han, Gang; Qian, Zhengchun; Liu, Zhifeng</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The metal <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> memory signals were measured during dynamic tension tests on the surfaces of the cladding coatings by plasma transferred arc (PTA) welding and the 0.45% C steel. Results showed that the slope of the normal component Hp(y) of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> signal and the average value of the tangential component Hp(x) reflect the <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> of the specimens. The signals increased sharply in the few initial <span class="hlt">cycles</span>; and then fluctuated around a constant value during fatigue process until fracture. For the PTA cladding coating, the slope of Hp(y) was steeper and the average of Hp(x) was smaller, compared with the 0.45% C steel. The hysteresis curves of cladding layer, bonding layer and substrate were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer testing, and then saturation <span class="hlt">magnetization</span>, initial susceptibility and coercivity were further calculated. The stress-<span class="hlt">magnetization</span> curves were also plotted based on the J-A model, which showed that the PTA cladding coating has smaller remanence and coercivity compared with the 0.45% C steel. The microstructures of cladding coating confirmed that the dendritic structure and second-phase of alloy hinder the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> domain motion, which was the main factor <span class="hlt">influencing</span> the variation of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> signal during the fatigue tests.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSH52A..07K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSH52A..07K"><span>Identifying open <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field regions of the Sun and their heliospheric counterparts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Krista, L. D.; Reinard, A.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Open <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> regions on the Sun are either long-lived (coronal holes) or transient (dimmings) in nature. Both phenomena are fundamental to our understanding of the solar behavior as a whole. Coronal holes are the sources of high-speed solar wind streams that cause recurrent geomagnetic storms. Furthermore, the variation of coronal hole properties (area, location, <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field strength) over the solar activity <span class="hlt">cycle</span> is an important marker of the global evolution of the solar <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. Dimming regions, on the other hand, are short-lived coronal holes that often emerge in the wake of solar eruptions. By analyzing their physical properties and their temporal evolution, we aim to understand their connection with their eruptive counterparts (flares and coronal mass ejections) and predict the possibility of a geomagnetic storm. The author developed the Coronal Hole Automated Recognition and Monitoring (CHARM) and the Coronal Dimming Tracker (CoDiT) algorithms. These tools not only identify but track the evolution of open <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field regions. CHARM also provides daily coronal hole maps, that are used for forecasts at the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center. Our goal is to better understand the processes that give rise to eruptive and non-eruptive open field regions and investigate how these regions evolve over time and <span class="hlt">influence</span> space weather.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984STIN...8519355R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984STIN...8519355R"><span>Permanent <span class="hlt">magnet</span> motors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Richter, E.</p> <p>1984-09-01</p> <p>The work deals with the design and analysis study for the conceptual design of an economical high efficiency ac motor based on permanent <span class="hlt">magnets</span>. The design and trade off studies have covered the material considerations, the design tradeoff options as well as transient and steady state performance considerations, and other options. The baseline comparison is the high efficiency induction motor. The permanent <span class="hlt">magnet</span> (PM) motor must fit into the same frame size and surpass the induction motor on a life cost basis that includes 2.5 years of operation at a 50% duty <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. It is shown that a motor based upon ferrite <span class="hlt">magnets</span> does meet the objectives of the program in ratings of up to 25 hp. A 7.5 motor design is carried through the conceptual design stage.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14651916','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14651916"><span>Destabilizing effect of time-dependent oblique <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field on <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fluids streaming in porous media.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>El-Dib, Yusry O; Ghaly, Ahmed Y</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>The present work studies Kelvin-Helmholtz waves propagating between two <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fluids. The system is composed of two semi-infinite <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fluids streaming throughout porous media. The system is <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by an oblique <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. The solution of the linearized equations of motion under the boundary conditions leads to deriving the Mathieu equation governing the interfacial displacement and having complex coefficients. The stability criteria are discussed theoretically and numerically, from which stability diagrams are obtained. Regions of stability and instability are identified for the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields versus the wavenumber. It is found that the increase of the fluid density ratio, the fluid velocity ratio, the upper viscosity, and the lower porous permeability play a stabilizing role in the stability behavior in the presence of an oscillating vertical <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field or in the presence of an oscillating tangential <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. The increase of the fluid viscosity plays a stabilizing role and can be used to retard the destabilizing <span class="hlt">influence</span> for the vertical <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. Dual roles are observed for the fluid velocity in the stability criteria. It is found that the field frequency plays against the constant part for the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22126847-magnetohydrodynamic-simulation-driven-kinematic-mean-field-model-solar-cycle','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22126847-magnetohydrodynamic-simulation-driven-kinematic-mean-field-model-solar-cycle"><span>MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION-DRIVEN KINEMATIC MEAN FIELD MODEL OF THE SOLAR <span class="hlt">CYCLE</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Simard, Corinne; Charbonneau, Paul; Bouchat, Amelie, E-mail: corinne@astro.umontreal.ca, E-mail: paulchar@astro.umontreal.ca, E-mail: amelie.bouchat@mail.mcgill.ca</p> <p></p> <p>We construct a series of kinematic axisymmetric mean-field dynamo models operating in the {alpha}{Omega}, {alpha}{sup 2}{Omega} and {alpha}{sup 2} regimes, all using the full {alpha}-tensor extracted from a global magnetohydrodynamical simulation of solar convection producing large-scale <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields undergoing solar-like cyclic polarity reversals. We also include an internal differential rotation profile produced in a purely hydrodynamical parent simulation of solar convection, and a simple meridional flow profile described by a single cell per meridional quadrant. An {alpha}{sup 2}{Omega} mean-field model, presumably closest to the mode of dynamo action characterizing the MHD simulation, produces a spatiotemporal evolution of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields thatmore » share some striking similarities with the zonally-averaged toroidal component extracted from the simulation. Comparison with {alpha}{sup 2} and {alpha}{Omega} mean-field models operating in the same parameter regimes indicates that much of the complexity observed in the spatiotemporal evolution of the large-scale <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field in the simulation can be traced to the turbulent electromotive force. Oscillating {alpha}{sup 2} solutions are readily produced, and show some similarities with the observed solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, including a deep-seated toroidal component concentrated at low latitudes and migrating equatorward in the course of the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. Various numerical experiments performed using the mean-field models reveal that turbulent pumping plays an important role in setting the global characteristics of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> <span class="hlt">cycles</span>.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20030112411','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20030112411"><span>Paleo-Pole Positions from Martian <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Anomaly Data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Taylor, Patrick T.; Frawley, James J.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> component anomaly maps were made from five mapping <span class="hlt">cycles</span> of the Mars Global Surveyor s magnetometer data. Our goal was to find and isolate positive and negative anomaly pairs which would indicate <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> of a single source body. From these anomalies we could compute the direction of the <span class="hlt">magnetizing</span> vector and subsequently the location of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> pole existing at the time of <span class="hlt">magnetization</span>. We found nine suitable anomaly pairs and from these we computed four North and 3 South poles with two at approximately 60 degrees north latitude. These results suggest that during the existence of the Martian main <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field it experienced several reversals.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040171626','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040171626"><span>Paleo-Pole Positions from Martian <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Anomaly Data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Frawley, James J.; Taylor, Patrick T.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> component anomaly maps were made from five mapping <span class="hlt">cycles</span> of the Mars Global Surveyor's magnetometer data. Our goal was to find and isolate positive and negative anomaly pairs which would indicate <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> of a single source body. From these anomalies we could compute the direction of the <span class="hlt">magnetizing</span> vector and subsequently the location of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> pole existing at the time of <span class="hlt">magnetization</span>. We found nine suitable anomaly pairs and from these we computed paleo-poles that were nearly equally divided between north, south and mid-latitudes. These results suggest that during the existence of the martian main <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field it experienced several reversals and excursions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011A%26A...529A..81K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011A%26A...529A..81K"><span>Solar total irradiance in <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Krivova, N. A.; Solanki, S. K.; Schmutz, W.</p> <p>2011-05-01</p> <p>Context. The most recent minimum of solar activity was deeper and longer than the previous two minima as indicated by different proxies of solar activity. This is also true for the total solar irradiance (TSI) according to the PMOD composite. Aims: The apparently unusual behaviour of the TSI has been interpreted as evidence against solar surface <span class="hlt">magnetism</span> as the main driver of the secular change in the TSI. We test claims that the evolution of the solar surface <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field does not reproduce the observed TSI in <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23. Methods: We use sensitive, 60-min averaged MDI magnetograms and quasi-simultaneous continuum images as an input to our SATIRE-S model and calculate the TSI variation over <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23, sampled roughly every two weeks. The computed TSI is then compared with the PMOD composite of TSI measurements and with the data from two individual instruments, SORCE/TIM and UARS/ACRIM II, that monitored the TSI during the declining phase of <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23 and over the previous minimum in 1996, respectively. Results: Excellent agreement is found between the trends shown by the model and almost all sets of measurements. The only exception is the early, i.e. 1996 to 1998, PMOD data. Whereas the agreement between the model and the PMOD composite over the period 1999-2009 is almost perfect, the modelled TSI shows a steeper increase between 1996 and 1999 than implied by the PMOD composite. On the other hand, the steeper trend in the model agrees remarkably well with the ACRIM II data. A closer look at the VIRGO data, which are the basis of the PMOD composite after 1996, reveals that only one of the two VIRGO instruments, the PMO6V, shows the shallower trend present in the composite, whereas the DIARAD measurements indicate a steeper trend. Conclusions: Based on these results, we conclude that (1) the sensitivity changes of the PMO6V radiometers within VIRGO during the first two years have very likely not been correctly evaluated; and that (2) the TSI variations over <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5231270','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5231270"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of La3+ Substitution on Structure, Morphology and <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Properties of Nanocrystalline Ni-Zn Ferrite</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Dasan, Y. K.; Guan, B. H.; Zahari, M. H.; Chuan, L. K.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Lanthanum substituted Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles (Ni0.5Zn0.5LaxFe1-xO4; 0.00 ≤x≤ 1.00) synthesized by sol-gel method were presented. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal the typical single phase spinel cubic ferrite structure, with the traces of secondary phase for lanthanum substituted nanocrystals. In addition, the structural analysis also demonstrates that the average crystallite size varied in the range of 21–25 nm. FTIR spectra present the two prominent absorption bands in the range of 400 to 600 cm-1 which are the fingerprint region of all ferrites. Surface morphology of both substituted and unsubstituted Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticle samples was studied using FESEM technique and it indicates a significant increase in the size of spherical shaped particles with La3+ substitution. <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> properties of all samples were analyzed using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results revealed that saturation <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> (Ms) and coercivity (Hc) of La3+ substituted samples has decreased as compared to the Ni-Zn ferrite samples. Hence, the observed results affirm that the lanthanum ion substitution has greatly <span class="hlt">influenced</span> the structural, morphology and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles. PMID:28081257</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28081257','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28081257"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of La3+ Substitution on Structure, Morphology and <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Properties of Nanocrystalline Ni-Zn Ferrite.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dasan, Y K; Guan, B H; Zahari, M H; Chuan, L K</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Lanthanum substituted Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles (Ni0.5Zn0.5LaxFe1-xO4; 0.00 ≤x≤ 1.00) synthesized by sol-gel method were presented. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal the typical single phase spinel cubic ferrite structure, with the traces of secondary phase for lanthanum substituted nanocrystals. In addition, the structural analysis also demonstrates that the average crystallite size varied in the range of 21-25 nm. FTIR spectra present the two prominent absorption bands in the range of 400 to 600 cm-1 which are the fingerprint region of all ferrites. Surface morphology of both substituted and unsubstituted Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticle samples was studied using FESEM technique and it indicates a significant increase in the size of spherical shaped particles with La3+ substitution. <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> properties of all samples were analyzed using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results revealed that saturation <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> (Ms) and coercivity (Hc) of La3+ substituted samples has decreased as compared to the Ni-Zn ferrite samples. Hence, the observed results affirm that the lanthanum ion substitution has greatly <span class="hlt">influenced</span> the structural, morphology and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AIPC..679..409Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AIPC..679..409Z"><span><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Turbulence, Fast <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Field line Diffusion and Small <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Structures in the Solar Wind</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zimbardo, G.; Pommois, P.; Veltri, P.</p> <p>2003-09-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> turbulence on <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field line diffusion has been known since the early days of space and plasma physics. However, the importance of ``stochastic diffusion'' for energetic particles has been challenged on the basis of the fact that sharp gradients of either energetic particles or ion composition are often observed in the solar wind. Here we show that fast transverse field line and particle diffusion can coexist with small <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> structures, sharp gradients, and with long lived <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> flux tubes. We show, by means of a numerical realization of three dimensional <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> turbulence and by use of the concepts of deterministic chaos and turbulent transport, that turbulent diffusion is different from Gaussian diffusion, and that transport can be inhomogeneous even if turbulence homogeneously fills the heliosphere. Several diagnostics of field line transport and flux tube evolution are shown, and the size of small <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> structures in the solar wind, like gradient scales and flux tube thickness, are estimated and compared to the observations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20459067','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20459067"><span><span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> dendritic materials for highly efficient adsorption of dyes and drugs.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhou, Li; Gao, Chao; Xu, Weijian</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>A versatile and robust adsorbent with both <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> property and very high adsorption capacity is presented on the basis of functionalization of iron oxide-silica <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> particles with carboxylic hyperbranched polyglycerol (Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2)/HPG-COOH). The structure of the resulting product was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), zeta-potential, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to the TGA results, the density of the carboxylic groups on the surface of Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2)/HPG-COOH is calculated to be as high as 3.0 mmol/g, posing a powerful base for adsorbing dyes and drugs. Five kinds of dyes and one representative anticancer drug were chosen to investigate the adsorption capacity of the as-prepared <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> adsorbent. The adsorbent shows highly efficient adsorption performance for all of the adsorbates especially for the cationic dyes and drug. For example, the saturated adsorption capacity of the Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2)/HPG-COOH for methyl violet (MV) can reach 0.60 mmol/g, which is much higher than the previous <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> adsorbents (usually lower than 0.30 mmol/g). 95% of MV and 90% of R6G could be adsorbed within 5 min, and both of the adsorptions reached equilibrium in about 15 min. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm of the adsorbents were investigated in detail and found that the kinetic and equilibrium adsorptions are well-modeled using pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. In addition, the <span class="hlt">influences</span> of pH and ionic strength on the adsorption capacity were also examined and found that pH has much greater effect on the adsorption capacity compared with the ionic strength. Regeneration experiments showed that the Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2)/HPG-COOH can be well-regenerated in ethanol and partially regenerated in 1 M HCl aqueous solution. After regeneration, the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> adsorbents can still show high adsorption capacity even for 10 <span class="hlt">cycles</span> of desorption-adsorption. No</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22584013-influence-oxygen-partial-pressure-microstructural-magnetic-properties-er-doped-zno-thin-films','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22584013-influence-oxygen-partial-pressure-microstructural-magnetic-properties-er-doped-zno-thin-films"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of oxygen partial pressure on the microstructural and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of Er-doped ZnO thin films</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Chen, Wei-Bin; Li, Fei; Chen, Hong-Ming</p> <p>2015-06-15</p> <p>Er-doped ZnO thin films have been prepared by using inductively coupled plasma enhanced physical vapor deposition at different O{sub 2}:Ar gas flow ratio (R = 0:30, 1:30, 1:15, 1:10 and 1:6). The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of oxygen partial pressure on the structural, optical and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties was studied. It is found that an appropriate oxygen partial pressure (R=1:10) can produce the best crystalline quality with a maximum grain size. The internal strain, estimated by fitting the X-ray diffraction peaks, varied with oxygen partial pressure during growth. PL measurements show that plenty of defects, especially zinc vacancy, exist in Er-doped ZnO films. Allmore » the samples show room-temperature ferromagnetism. Importantly, the saturation <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> exhibits similar dependency on oxygen partial pressure with the internal strain, which indicates that internal strain has an important effect on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of Er-doped ZnO thin films.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930071114&hterms=solar+two&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dsolar%2Btwo','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930071114&hterms=solar+two&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dsolar%2Btwo"><span>Two-parameter model of total solar irradiance variation over the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Pap, Judit M.; Willson, Richard C.; Donnelly, Richard F.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>Total solar irradiance measured by the SMM/ACRIM radiometer is modelled from the Photometric Sunspot Index and the Mg II core-to-wing ratio with multiple regression analysis. Considering that the formation of the Mg II line is very similar to that of the Ca II K line, the Mg II core-to-wing ratio, measured by the Nimbus-7 and NOAA9 satellites, is used as a proxy for the bright <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> elements, including faculae and the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> network. It is shown that the relationship between the variations in total solar irradiance and the above solar activity indices depends upon the phase of the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. Thus, a better fit between total irradiance and its model estimates can be achieved if the irradiance models are calculated for the declining portion and minimum of solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 21, and the rising portion of solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 22, respectively. There is an indication that during the rising portion of solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 22, similar to the maximum time of solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 21, the modelled total irradiance values underestimate the measured values. This suggests that there is an asymmetry in the long-term total irradiance variability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120010218&hterms=Butterfly&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3DButterfly','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120010218&hterms=Butterfly&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3DButterfly"><span>Behavior of Solar <span class="hlt">Cycles</span> 23 and 24 Revealed by Microwave Observations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gopalswamy, N.; Yashiro, S.; Maekelae, P.; Michalek, G.; Shibasaki, K.; Hathaway, D. H.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Using <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> and microwave butterfly diagrams, we compare the behavior of solar polar regions to show that (1) the polar <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field and the microwave brightness temperature during solar minimum substantially diminished during the <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23/24 minimum compared to the 22/23 minimum. (2) The polar microwave brightness temperature (Tb) seems to be a good proxy for the underlying <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field strength (B). The analysis indicates a relationship, B = 0.0067Tb - 70, where B is in G and Tb in K. (3) Both the brightness temperature and the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field strength show north-south asymmetry most of the time except for a short period during the maximum phase. (4) The rush-to-the-pole phenomenon observed in the prominence eruption (PE) activity seems to be complete in the northern hemisphere as of 2012 March. (5) The decline of the microwave brightness temperature in the north polar region to the quiet-Sun levels and the sustained PE activity poleward of 60degN suggest that solar maximum conditions have arrived at the northern hemisphere. The southern hemisphere continues to exhibit conditions corresponding to the rise phase of solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 24. Key words: Sun: chromosphere Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) Sun: filaments, prominences Sun: photosphere Sun: radio radiation Sun: surface <span class="hlt">magnetism</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16450167','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16450167"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span> phase on pulmonary function in asthmatic athletes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Stanford, Kristin I; Mickleborough, Timothy D; Ray, Shahla; Lindley, Martin R; Koceja, David M; Stager, Joel M</p> <p>2006-04-01</p> <p>The main aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span> phase and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in female athletes with mild atopic asthma. Seven eumenorrheic subjects with regular 28-day menstrual <span class="hlt">cycles</span> were exercised to volitional exhaustion on day 5 [mid-follicular (FOL)] and day 21 [mid-luteal (LUT)] of their menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. Pulmonary function tests were conducted pre- and post-exercise. The maximal percentage decline in post-exercise forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) and forced expiratory flow from 25 to 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF(25-75%)) was significantly greater (P<0.05) on day 21 (mid-LUT phase) (-17.35+/-2.32 and -26.28+/-6.04%, respectively), when salivary progesterone concentration was highest, compared to day 5 (mid-FOL phase) (-12.81+/-3.35 and -17.23+/-8.20%, respectively), when salivary progesterone concentration was lowest. The deterioration in the severity of EIB during the mid-LUT phase was accompanied by worsening asthma symptoms and increased bronchodilator use. There was a negative correlation between the percent change in pre- to post-exercise FEV(1) and salivary progesterone concentration. However, no such correlation was found between salivary estradiol and the percentage change in pre- to post-exercise FEV(1). This study has shown for the first time that menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span> phase is an important determinant of the severity of EIB in female athletes with mild atopic asthma. Female asthmatic athletes may need to adjust their training and competition schedules to their menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span> and to consider the potential negative effects of the LUT phase of the menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span> on exercise performance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900006047','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900006047"><span>Feasibility analysis of reciprocating <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> heat pumps</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Larson, A. V.; Hartley, J. G.; Shelton, Sam V.; Smith, M. M.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>A reciprocating gadolinium core in a regeneration fluid column in the warm bore of a superconducting solenoidal <span class="hlt">magnet</span> is considered for <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> refrigeration in 3.517 MW (1000 ton) applications. A procedure is presented to minimize the amount of superconducting cable needed in the <span class="hlt">magnet</span> design. Estimated system capital costs for an ideal <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> refrigerator of this type become comparable to conventional chillers as the frequency of reciprocation approaches 10 Hertz. A 1-D finite difference analysis of a regenerator <span class="hlt">cycling</span> at 0.027 Hertz is presented which exhibits some of the features seen in the experiments of G. V. Brown.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMMM..453..132Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMMM..453..132Z"><span>The <span class="hlt">influence</span> of bias <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> of nanoparticles on GMR sensor signal and sensitivity for the ultra-low concentration detection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Yang; Xu, Jie; Cao, Derang; Li, Qiang; Zhao, Guoxia; Sun, Nian X.; Li, Shandong</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>In the broad research of the GMR bio-sensing technology, it is vital to explore appropriate <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> labels and its <span class="hlt">influences</span> on the detection signal. In this work, four kinds of ferrite particles of γ-Fe2O3, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4 and NiZnFe2O4 were prepared through calcining the Dimethyl Formamide (DMF) solution of the transition metal nitrates [Fe(NO3)3 and X(NO3)2, X = Co, Ni, Zn] to study the effect of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties on detection signals using a DC in-plane measuring method. It was revealed that for four particles, the output voltage differences |ΔV| between with and without <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> particles exhibit log-linear functions of the particles concentrations x in the range from 0.1 to 10 ng/mL. A very low limitation of detection (LOD) of 0.1 ng/mL for all the samples was obtained, which is two orders smaller than that in the previous work. Moreover, the change of output voltage difference at the LOD (|ΔVlim|) is proportional to the <span class="hlt">magnetization</span> at bias field (bias <span class="hlt">magnetization</span>, Mbias), which indicates that larger Mbias leads to a lower LOD. This work provides a useful guidance in selecting or preparing <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> labels to enhance the sensitivity of GMR biosensors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020087931','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020087931"><span>Sources of Geomagnetic Activity during Nearly Three Solar <span class="hlt">Cycles</span> (1972-2000)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Richardson, I. G.; Cane, H. V.; Cliver, E. W.; White, Nicholas E. (Technical Monitor)</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>We examine the contributions of the principal solar wind components (corotating highspeed streams, slow solar wind, and transient structures, i.e., interplanetary coronal mass ejections (CMEs), shocks, and postshock flows) to averages of the aa geomagnetic index and the interplanetary <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field (IMF) strength in 1972-2000 during nearly three solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. A prime motivation is to understand the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> variations in solar wind structure on long-term (e.g., approximately annual) averages of these parameters. We show that high-speed streams account for approximately two-thirds of long-term aa averages at solar minimum, while at solar maximum, structures associated with transients make the largest contribution (approx. 50%), though contributions from streams and slow solar wind continue to be present. Similarly, high-speed streams are the principal contributor (approx. 55%) to solar minimum averages of the IMF, while transient-related structures are the leading contributor (approx. 40%) at solar maximum. These differences between solar maximum and minimum reflect the changing structure of the near-ecliptic solar wind during the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. For minimum periods, the Earth is embedded in high-speed streams approx. 55% of the time versus approx. 35% for slow solar wind and approx. 10% for CME-associated structures, while at solar maximum, typical percentages are as follows: high-speed streams approx. 35%, slow solar wind approx. 30%, and CME-associated approx. 35%. These compositions show little <span class="hlt">cycle-to-cycle</span> variation, at least for the interval considered in this paper. Despite the change in the occurrences of different types of solar wind over the solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> (and less significant changes from <span class="hlt">cycle</span> to <span class="hlt">cycle</span>), overall, variations in the averages of the aa index and IMF closely follow those in corotating streams. Considering solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> averages, we show that high-speed streams account for approx. 44%, approx. 48%, and approx. 40% of the solar</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000APS..MARF36097F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000APS..MARF36097F"><span><span class="hlt">Magnet</span> Healing?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Finegold, Leonard</p> <p>2000-03-01</p> <p>Many people are convinced that static magnets—applied to their skin—will heal ills, and many businesses sell such <span class="hlt">magnets</span>. The biophysics of such healing was reviewed [1] together with the general biophysics of static fields. Birds and insects do use the earth’s <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field for navigation. While insect and frog egg development can clearly be <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by high fields (7 T and 17 T respectively), there is no experimental evidence that small <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields (of less than 0.5 T) might heal, and much evidence that they cannot heal. A puzzle to the physics community is: How to show laypersons that simple <span class="hlt">magnets</span> (very probably) do not heal, however attractive that idea might be. [1] L. Finegold, The Physics of "Alternative Medicine": <span class="hlt">Magnet</span> Therapy, The Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine 3:26-33 (1999).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28492751','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28492751"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of Thermal <span class="hlt">Cycles</span> Number on Bond Strength of Metallic Brackets to Ceramic.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jurubeba, José Eliú Pereira; Costa, Ana Rosa; Correr-Sobrinho, Lourenço; Tubel, Carlos Alberto Malanconi; Correr, Américo Bortolazzo; Vedovello, Silvia Amélia; Crepaldi, Marcus Vinicius; Vedovello, Mário</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different number of thermal <span class="hlt">cycles</span> on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic orthodontic brackets bonded to feldspathic ceramic by a composite resin. Twenty-five ceramic cylinders were etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 60 s and received two layers of silane. Brackets were bonded to the cylinders using Transbond XT and assigned to 5 groups (n=5): Group 1 - Control group (without thermal <span class="hlt">cycling</span>); Group 2 - 500 thermal <span class="hlt">cycles</span>; Group 3 - 5,000 thermal <span class="hlt">cycles</span>; Group 4 - 7,000 thermal <span class="hlt">cycles</span> and Group 5 - 10,000 thermal <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. Light-activation was carried out by Radii Plus LED. SBS testing was carried out after 24 h of storage in deionized water and thermal <span class="hlt">cycling</span> (5/55 oC and 30 s dwell time). Five brackets were bonded to each cylinder, totalizing 25 brackets for each group. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). The Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was evaluated at 8× magnification. The SBS (MPa) of control group (9.3±0.8), 500 (9.0±0.7) and 5,000 (8.4±0.9) thermal <span class="hlt">cycles</span> were significantly higher than those after 7,000 (6.8±0.6) and 10,000 (4.9±1.0) thermal <span class="hlt">cycles</span> (p<0.05). The ARI showed a predominance of Scores 0 (adhesive failure) prevailed in all groups, as shown by the ARI, with increased scores 1 and 2 (mixed failures) for control group and 500 thermal <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. In conclusion, thermal fatigue may compromise the bonding integration between metallic brackets and ceramic restorations. For in vitro testing, use of at least 7,000 <span class="hlt">cycles</span> is advised to result in significant fatigue on the bonding interface.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170000008','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170000008"><span>The Mars Dust and Water <span class="hlt">Cycles</span>: Investigating the <span class="hlt">Influence</span> of Clouds on the Vertical Distribution and Meridional Transport of Dust and Water.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kahre, M. A.; Haberle, R. M.; Hollingsworth, J. L.; Brecht, A. S.; Urata, R.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The dust and water <span class="hlt">cycles</span> are critical to the current Martian climate, and they interact with each other through cloud formation. Dust modulates the thermal structure of the atmosphere and thus greatly <span class="hlt">influences</span> atmospheric circulation. Clouds provide radiative forcing and control the net hemispheric transport of water through the alteration of the vertical distributions of water and dust. Recent advancements in the quality and sophistication of both climate models and observations enable an increased understanding of how the coupling between the dust and water <span class="hlt">cycles</span> (through cloud formation) impacts the dust and water <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. We focus here on the effects of clouds on the vertical distributions of dust and water and how those vertical distributions control the net meridional transport of water. We utilize observations of temperature, dust and water ice from the Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) and the NASA ARC Mars Global Climate Model (MGCM) to show that the magnitude and nature of the hemispheric exchange of water during NH summer is sensitive to the vertical structure of the simulated aphelion cloud belt. Further, we investigate how clouds <span class="hlt">influence</span> atmospheric temperatures and thus the vertical structure of the cloud belt. Our goal is to isolate and understand the importance of radiative/dynamic feedbacks due to the physical processes involved with cloud formation and evolution on the current climate of Mars.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015DPS....4741906K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015DPS....4741906K"><span>The Mars Dust and Water <span class="hlt">Cycles</span>: Investigating the <span class="hlt">Influence</span> of Clouds on the Vertical Distribution and Meridional Transport of Dust and Water</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kahre, Melinda A.; Haberle, Robert M.; Hollingsworth, Jeffery L.; Brecht, Amanda S.; Urata, Richard A.</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>The dust and water <span class="hlt">cycles</span> are critical to the current Martian climate, and they interact with each other through cloud formation. Dust modulates the thermal structure of the atmosphere and thus greatly <span class="hlt">influences</span> atmospheric circulation. Clouds provide radiative forcing and control the net hemispheric transport of water through the alteration of the vertical distributions of water and dust. Recent advancements in the quality and sophistication of both climate models and observations enable an increased understanding of how the coupling between the dust and water <span class="hlt">cycles</span> (through cloud formation) impacts the dust and water <span class="hlt">cycles</span>. We focus here on the effects of clouds on the vertical distributions of dust and water and how those vertical distributions control the net meridional transport of water. We utilize observations of temperature, dust and water ice from the Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) and the NASA ARC Mars Global Climate Model (MGCM) to show that the magnitude and nature of the hemispheric exchange of water during NH summer is sensitive to the vertical structure of the simulated aphelion cloud belt. Further, we investigate how clouds <span class="hlt">influence</span> atmospheric temperatures and thus the vertical structure of the cloud belt. Our goal is to isolate and understand the importance of radiative/dynamic feedbacks due to the physical processes involved with cloud formation and evolution on the current climate of Mars.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NIMPA.897...81X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NIMPA.897...81X"><span>Study of wave form compensation at CSNS/RCS <span class="hlt">magnets</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xu, S. Y.; Fu, S. N.; Wang, S.; Kang, W.; Qi, X.; Li, L.; Deng, C. D.; Zhou, J. X.</p> <p>2018-07-01</p> <p>A method of wave form compensation for <span class="hlt">magnets</span> of the Rapid <span class="hlt">Cycling</span> Synchrotron (RCS), which is based on transfer function between <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field and exciting current, was investigated on the <span class="hlt">magnets</span> of RCS of Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). By performing wave form compensation, the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field ramping function for RCS <span class="hlt">magnets</span> can be accurately controlled to the given wave form, which is not limited to sine function. The method of wave form compensation introduced in this paper can be used to reduce the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field tracking errors, and can also be used to accurately control the betatron tune for RCS.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1953c0134G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1953c0134G"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of Fe/Co ratio on structural and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of (Fe100-xCox)84.5Nb5B8.5P2 alloy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gehlot, K.; Kane, S. N.; Sinha, A. K.; Ghodke, N.; Varga, L. K.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Structural and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of a series of (Fe100-xCox)84.5Nb5B8.5P2 (x = 20, 40, 60) have been investigated respectively by using synchrotron x-ray diffraction and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> measurements. Results show that Fe/Co ratio: i) affects stability of the alloy against crystallization, ii) shows evidence for ordering, which has considerable effect on <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties, iii) <span class="hlt">influences</span> the grain diameter and volume fraction of the formed nano-grains range between 4.8 - 9.5 nm and 1.5 - 9 %, affects <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties considerably. An empirical relation is obtained, which shows linear relationship between interatomic distances for 1st, 2nd co-ordination shell, suggests strong correlation between structural, <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29493534','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29493534"><span>Correlation between physical structure and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> anisotropy of a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticle colloid.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dennis, C L; Jackson, A J; Borchers, J A; Gruettner, C; Ivkov, R</p> <p>2018-05-25</p> <p>We show the effects of a time-invariant <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field on the physical structure and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of a colloid comprising 44 nm diameter magnetite <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles, with a 24 nm dextran shell, in water. Structural ordering in this colloid parallel to the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field occurs simultaneously with the onset of a colloidal uniaxial anisotropy. Further increases in the applied <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field cause the nanoparticles to order perpendicular to the field, producing unexpected colloidal unidirectional and trigonal anisotropies. This <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> behavior is distinct from the cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the magnetite and has its origins in the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> interactions among the mobile nanoparticles within the colloid. Specifically, these field-induced anisotropies and colloidal rearrangements result from the delicate balance between the magnetostatic and steric forces between <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles. These <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> and structural rearrangements are anticipated to <span class="hlt">influence</span> applications that rely upon time-dependent relaxation of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> colloids and fluid viscosity, such as <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> hyperthermia and shock absorption.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Nanot..29u5705D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Nanot..29u5705D"><span>Correlation between physical structure and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> anisotropy of a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticle colloid</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dennis, C. L.; Jackson, A. J.; Borchers, J. A.; Gruettner, C.; Ivkov, R.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>We show the effects of a time-invariant <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field on the physical structure and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of a colloid comprising 44 nm diameter magnetite <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles, with a 24 nm dextran shell, in water. Structural ordering in this colloid parallel to the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field occurs simultaneously with the onset of a colloidal uniaxial anisotropy. Further increases in the applied <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field cause the nanoparticles to order perpendicular to the field, producing unexpected colloidal unidirectional and trigonal anisotropies. This <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> behavior is distinct from the cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the magnetite and has its origins in the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> interactions among the mobile nanoparticles within the colloid. Specifically, these field-induced anisotropies and colloidal rearrangements result from the delicate balance between the magnetostatic and steric forces between <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles. These <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> and structural rearrangements are anticipated to <span class="hlt">influence</span> applications that rely upon time-dependent relaxation of the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> colloids and fluid viscosity, such as <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> hyperthermia and shock absorption.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.1576A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.1576A"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of soil structure on nutrient <span class="hlt">cycling</span> using microfluidic techniques</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Arellano Caicedo, Carlos; Aleklett, Kristin; Ohlsson, Pelle; Hammer, Edith</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The rising of atmospheric CO2 levels and its effects on global warming make it necessary to understand the elements that regulate such levels and furthermore try to slow down the CO2 accumulation in the atmosphere. The exchange of carbon between soil and atmosphere plays a significant role in the atmospheric carbon budget. Soil organisms deposit organic compounds on and in soil aggregates, either as exudates or dead remains. Much of this dead organic material is quickly recycled, but a portion, however, will stay in the soil for long term. Evidence suggests that micro-scale biogeochemical interactions could play a highly significant role in degradation or persistence of organic matter in soils, thus, soil physical structure might play a decisive role in preventing accessibility of nutrients to microorganisms. For studying effects of spatial microstructure on soil nutrient <span class="hlt">cycles</span>, we have constructed artificial habitats for microbes that simulate soil structures. Microfluidic, so called Lab-on-a-chip technologies, are one of the tools used to achieve our purpose. Such micro-habitats consist of pillar structures of difference density and surface area, tunnels with increasing depth, and mazes of increasing complexity to simulate different stages of soil aggregation. Using microscopy and analytical chemistry, we can follow the growth of microorganisms inoculated into the "soil chip" as well as the chemical degradation of organic matter compounds provided as nutrient source. In this way, we want to be able to predict how soil structure <span class="hlt">influences</span> soil microbial activity leading to different effects on the carbon <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. Our first results of a chip inoculated with natural soil showed a succession of organisms colonizing channels leading to dead-end arenas, starting with a high presence of bacteria inside the chip during the first days. Fungal hyphae growth gradually inside the channels until it finally occupied the big majority of the spaces isolating bacteria which</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29159989','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29159989"><span>General phase regularized reconstruction using phase <span class="hlt">cycling</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ong, Frank; Cheng, Joseph Y; Lustig, Michael</p> <p>2018-07-01</p> <p>To develop a general phase regularized image reconstruction method, with applications to partial Fourier imaging, water-fat imaging and flow imaging. The problem of enforcing phase constraints in reconstruction was studied under a regularized inverse problem framework. A general phase regularized reconstruction algorithm was proposed to enable various joint reconstruction of partial Fourier imaging, water-fat imaging and flow imaging, along with parallel imaging (PI) and compressed sensing (CS). Since phase regularized reconstruction is inherently non-convex and sensitive to phase wraps in the initial solution, a reconstruction technique, named phase <span class="hlt">cycling</span>, was proposed to render the overall algorithm invariant to phase wraps. The proposed method was applied to retrospectively under-sampled in vivo datasets and compared with state of the art reconstruction methods. Phase <span class="hlt">cycling</span> reconstructions showed reduction of artifacts compared to reconstructions without phase <span class="hlt">cycling</span> and achieved similar performances as state of the art results in partial Fourier, water-fat and divergence-free regularized flow reconstruction. Joint reconstruction of partial Fourier + water-fat imaging + PI + CS, and partial Fourier + divergence-free regularized flow imaging + PI + CS were demonstrated. The proposed phase <span class="hlt">cycling</span> reconstruction provides an alternative way to perform phase regularized reconstruction, without the need to perform phase unwrapping. It is robust to the choice of initial solutions and encourages the joint reconstruction of phase imaging applications. Magn Reson Med 80:112-125, 2018. © 2017 International Society for <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Resonance in Medicine. © 2017 International Society for <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> Resonance in Medicine.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29710578','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29710578"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of climate <span class="hlt">cycles</span> on grapevine domestication and ancient migrations in Eurasia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mariani, Luigi; Cola, Gabriele; Maghradze, David; Failla, Osvaldo; Zavatti, Franco</p> <p>2018-09-01</p> <p>The objective of this work is to investigate the Holocenic climate <span class="hlt">cycles</span> that may have <span class="hlt">influenced</span> the domestication of grapevine in the Subcaucasian area and its subsequent spread in Eurasia. The analysis covered the longitudinal belt ranging from the Iberian Peninsula to Japan, seen as the preferential pathway for the Holocenic spread of grapevine and many other crops in Eurasia. Spectral analysis was considered as the criterion of investigation and the Holocenic <span class="hlt">cycles</span> were analyzed considering different geochemical and biological proxies, of which seven are directly referred to vine. In this context the relation of the abovementioned proxies with spectral peaks of possible causal factors like Solar activity (SA), North Atlantic oceanic factors (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation - AMO and North Atlantic Oscillation - NAO), and subtropical oceanic factors (El Nino Southern Oscillation - ENSO) was also analyzed. In order to acquire a sufficiently wide number of proxies sensitive to the causal factors, we referred to a latitudinal belt wider than the one colonized by vine, also acquiring proxy from the Scandinavian area, notoriously susceptible to North Atlantic forcings. The analysis of the proxy spectral peaks, considering 20 classes with a 50-years step in the 0-1000 years range, showed that the 50% of the classes have a higher frequency of peaks at East than West, the 20% a higher frequency at West than East and the 10% an equal frequency, showing the efficiency of the propagation of Western signals towards the center of Eurasia. The search of the causal factors spectral peaks in the proxy series showed that AMO, NAO and SA acted with a certain regularity on the entire belt investigated both latitudinally and longitudinally, while spectral peaks linked to ENSO underwent a considerable attenuation moving northward. Finally, the specific analysis on viticultural proxies showed common peaks with causal factors. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3731273','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3731273"><span>Life on <span class="hlt">Magnets</span>: Stem Cell Networking on Micro-<span class="hlt">Magnet</span> Arrays</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zablotskii, Vitalii; Dejneka, Alexandr; Kubinová, Šárka; Le-Roy, Damien; Dumas-Bouchiat, Frédéric; Givord, Dominique; Dempsey, Nora M.; Syková, Eva</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Interactions between a micro-<span class="hlt">magnet</span> array and living cells may guide the establishment of cell networks due to the cellular response to a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field. To manipulate mesenchymal stem cells free of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> nanoparticles by a high <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field gradient, we used high quality micro-patterned NdFeB films around which the stray field’s value and direction drastically change across the cell body. Such micro-<span class="hlt">magnet</span> arrays coated with parylene produce high <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field gradients that affect the cells in two main ways: i) causing cell migration and adherence to a covered <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> surface and ii) elongating the cells in the directions parallel to the edges of the micro-<span class="hlt">magnet</span>. To explain these effects, three putative mechanisms that incorporate both physical and biological factors <span class="hlt">influencing</span> the cells are suggested. It is shown that the static high <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field gradient generated by the micro-<span class="hlt">magnet</span> arrays are capable of assisting cell migration to those areas with the strongest <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field gradient, thereby allowing the build up of tunable interconnected stem cell networks, which is an elegant route for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. PMID:23936425</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PAN....78.1252A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PAN....78.1252A"><span>Variants of closing the nuclear fuel <span class="hlt">cycle</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Andrianova, E. A.; Davidenko, V. D.; Tsibulskiy, V. F.; Tsibulskiy, S. V.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of the nuclear energy structure, the conditions of fuel burnup, and accumulation of new fissile isotopes from the raw isotopes on the main parameters of a closed fuel <span class="hlt">cycle</span> is considered. The effects of the breeding ratio, the cooling time of the spent fuel in the external fuel <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, and the separation of the breeding area and the fissile isotope burning area on the parameters of the fuel <span class="hlt">cycle</span> are analyzed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JMMM..442..136R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JMMM..442..136R"><span>Effects of Zr alloying on the microstructure and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of Alnico permanent <span class="hlt">magnets</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rehman, Sajjad Ur; Ahmad, Zubair; Haq, A. ul; Akhtar, Saleem</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Alnico-8 permanent <span class="hlt">magnets</span> were produced through casting and subsequent thermal treatment process. <span class="hlt">Magnetic</span> alloy of nominal composition 32.5 Fe-7.5 Al-1.0 Nb-35.0 Co-4.0 Cu-14.0 Ni-6.0 Ti were prepared by arc melting and casting technique. The Zr was added to 32.5 Fe-7.5 Al-1.0 Nb-35.0 Co-4.0 Cu-14.0 Ni-6.0 Ti alloy ranging from 0.3 to 0.9 wt%. The <span class="hlt">magnets</span> were developed by employing two different heat treatment <span class="hlt">cycles</span> known as conventional treatment and thermo-<span class="hlt">magnetic</span> annealing treatment. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction method, Scanning electron microscope and magnetometer by plotting <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> hysteresis demagnetization curves. The results indicate that <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties are strongly depended upon alloy chemistry and process. The 0.6 wt% Zr added alloys yielded the best <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties among the studied alloys. The <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties obtained through conventional heat treatment are Hc = 1.35 kOe, Br = 5.2 kG and (BH)max = 2 MGOe. These <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties were enhanced to Hc = 1.64 kOe, Br = 6.3 kG and (BH)max = 3.7 MGOe by thermo-<span class="hlt">magnetic</span> annealing treatment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/53945','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/53945"><span>Climate variability drives population <span class="hlt">cycling</span> and synchrony</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Lars Y. Pomara; Benjamin Zuckerberg</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Aim There is mounting concern that climate change will lead to the collapse of cyclic population dynamics, yet the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of climate variability on population <span class="hlt">cycling</span> remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that variability in survival and fecundity, driven by climate variability at different points in the life <span class="hlt">cycle</span>, scales up from...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016usc..confE..83I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016usc..confE..83I"><span>Project for Solar-Terrestrial Environment Prediction (PSTEP): Towards Predicting Next Solar <span class="hlt">Cycle</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Imada, S.; Iijima, H.; Hotta, H.; Shiota, D.; Kanou, O.; Fujiyama, M.; Kusano, K.</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>It is believed that the longer-term variations of the solar activity can affect the Earth's climate. Therefore, predicting the next solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> is crucial for the forecast of the "solar-terrestrial environment". To build prediction schemes for the activity level of the next solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> is a key for the long-term space weather study. Although three-years prediction can be almost achieved, the prediction of next solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> is very limited, so far. We are developing a five-years prediction scheme by combining the Surface Flux Transport (SFT) model and the most accurate measurements of solar <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields as a part of the PSTEP (Project for Solar-Terrestrial Environment Prediction),. We estimate the meridional flow, differential rotation, and turbulent diffusivity from recent modern observations (Hinode and Solar Dynamics Observatory). These parameters are used in the SFT models to predict the polar <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields strength at the solar minimum. In this presentation, we will explain the outline of our strategy to predict the next solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. We also report the present status and the future perspective of our project.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018RNAAS...2a..26M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018RNAAS...2a..26M"><span>Large Starspot Groups on HAT-P-11 in Activity <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> 1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Morris, Brett M.; Hawley, Suzanne L.; Hebb, Leslie</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>HAT-P-11 is a planet-hosting K4V star in the Kepler field, with an activity <span class="hlt">cycle</span> that bear similarities to the Sun's. The chromospheric activity of HAT-P-11 indicates that a new activity <span class="hlt">cycle</span> is beginning. We report ground-based observations with holographic diffuser photometry to measure the starspots of HAT-P-11 in its second observed <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> activity <span class="hlt">cycle</span> (<span class="hlt">Cycle</span> 1). We find the area coverage of starspots within the transit chord for UTC 2017-10-30 is 14% --- which makes this transit the most spotted HAT-P-11 transit observed to date. We suggest that we are likely observing occultations of large spot groups appearing at the beginning of <span class="hlt">Cycle</span> 1.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23194370','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23194370"><span>Sleep-wake <span class="hlt">cycle</span> of adolescents in Côte d'Ivoire: <span class="hlt">influence</span> of age, gender, religion and occupation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Borchers, Claudia; Randler, Christoph</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>The human sleep-wake <span class="hlt">cycle</span> is characterized by significant individual differences. Those differences in the sleep-wake <span class="hlt">cycle</span> are partially heritable but are also <span class="hlt">influenced</span> by environmental factors like the light/dark <span class="hlt">cycle</span> or social habits. In this study we analyse for the first time the sleep-wake rhythm of adolescent pupils and working adolescents in a less industrialised country in West Africa near the equator. The aim of this study was to explore the sleep wake <span class="hlt">cycle</span> in this geographical region, using Côte d'Ivoire as an example. Data collection took place between 2nd of March and 10th of June 2009. 588 adolescents (338 girls, 250 boys) between 10 and 15 years (mean ± SD: 12.72 ± 1.63) participated in this study. We collected data on the religion of the participants (Christian (N = 159), Muslim (N = 352), other/no religion (N = 77)) and their occupation. Participants were either pupils attending school (N = 336) or adolescents that were already working (N = 252) and not attending school. The interviewer filled in the questionnaire. We found significant effects of age (p < 0.001), gender (p < 0.001), occupation (p = 0.002), religion (p < 0.001) and region (p < 0.001). The midpoint of sleep was on average 1:26 (SD: 00:30) on weekdays and 1:37 (SD: 00:42) on weekend days. There are significant differences between weekdays and weekend days, but these were only small. Sleep duration suggests that adolescents in Côte d'Ivoire may gain sufficient sleep during week and weekend days, and thus, may live more in accordance with their own biological clock than adolescents in the northern hemisphere. In contrast, the data can be interpreted that adolescents live in a permanent 'jetlag'. Factors may be the more continuous light/dark <span class="hlt">cycle</span> in the tropics, low amount of ambient light and less electricity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19037782','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19037782"><span>ELF <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> therapy and oxidative balance.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Raggi, Francesco; Vallesi, Giuseppe; Rufini, Stefano; Gizzi, Stefania; Ercolani, Enrico; Rossi, Ruggero</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Knowledge about the relationship between exposure to extremely low-frequency (ELF) EMF and formation (or neutralization) of free radicals in the living cells is limited. Studies performed on animals and plants have shown conflicting effects on the relation between EMF and oxidative stress. Very few experiments have been performed on humans. The present study reports on the effects of an ELF <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> therapy device (Seqex) on oxidative scale in humans. This device supplies complex <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> signals with specific choices of frequency, intensity, and shape that are based on Liboff's ion cyclotron resonance hypothesis. Thirty-two healthy volunteers were treated using the Seqex <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. A quantitative determination of oxidative stress was obtained at three time points by measuring Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in peripheral blood before and after the <span class="hlt">cycle</span> and one month following completion of the <span class="hlt">cycle</span>. A highly significant reduction in mean MDA (53.8%, p = 0.0002) was found at the end of the treatment. One month later the mean MDA had again risen, but there was still a significant overall reduction of 15.6% (p = 0.010) compared to original values.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JPhCS.900a2012L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JPhCS.900a2012L"><span>Large Energetic Particle Pressures in Solar <span class="hlt">Cycles</span> 23 and 24</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lario, D.; Decker, R. B.; Roelof, E. C.; Viñas, A. F.; Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F.; Berger, L.</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>We study periods of elevated energetic particle intensities observed at the L1 Sun-Earth Lagrangian point when the partial energy density associated with energetic (≥80 keV) particles (PEP) dominates that of the local <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field (PB) and thermal plasma populations (PPLS). These periods are not uncommon and are frequently observed prior to the passage of interplanetary (IP) shocks. Because of the significant decreases in key solar wind parameters observed during solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 24 [e.g., 1], we were motivated to perform a comparative statistical analysis to determine if the occurrence rate of periods when PEP exceeded PB or PPLS, or both, differed between solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span> 23 and 24. We find that the general decrease of PB and PPLS in solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 24 was also accompanied by a general decrease of periods with elevated PEP. The result is that solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 24 showed a lower number of time intervals dominated by PEP. We analyze whether these differences can be related to the properties of the IP shocks observed at L1. Incomplete datasets of shock parameters do not show significant differences between solar <span class="hlt">cycles</span> 23 and 24 that would allow us to explain the difference in the number of periods with PEP>PB and PEP>PPLS. We analyze then the averaged plasma parameters measured in the upstream region of the shocks and find significantly lower solar wind proton temperatures and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field magnitude upstream of IP shocks in solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 24 compared with those in solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 23. These factors, together with the lower level of solar activity, may explain the lower particle intensities in solar <span class="hlt">cycle</span> 24 and hence the fewer events with PEP>PB and PEP>PPLS.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013APS..MARZ32004S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013APS..MARZ32004S"><span>Dynamics assembly of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> microparticles suspended in moving droplets under the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Strey, Helmut; Brouzes, Eric; Kruse, Travis</p> <p>2013-03-01</p> <p>Droplet microfluidics has experienced tremendous growth, particularly since it is well suited for single-cell manipulation and analysis. As mature methods for high throughput droplet manipulation have been developed a technological bottleneck of current droplet microfluidics is that because droplets are separated, sequential chemical reactions are more difficult to achieve. For example, it is very difficult to concentrate target molecules, especially since every reaction step adds volume to the droplets. Our solution to this problem is to employ functionalized <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> beads inside droplets. The basic idea is that an external <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field could be used to concentrate the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> beads in one part of the droplet and those could then be extracted by splitting the droplet. Here we present an experimental study of the self-assembly of superparamagnetic microparticles that are suspended in moving droplets and experience a combination of forces due to the internal fluid flow fields and external <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields. We observed that this interplay of flow fields coupled to the formation of particle assemblies leads to the formations of stable patterns depending on the flow speed and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field strength. An understanding of this dynamic assembly is critical in employing external forces for applications in separation and sorting. Funding through NYSTAR, Center for Advanced Technology and a grant from NIH-NHGRI (1 R21 HG006206-01).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMMM..451..565A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMMM..451..565A"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of the chemically synthesis conditions on the microstructure and <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties of the Co-Fe-B nanoparticles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ababei, G.; Gaburici, M.; Budeanu, L.-C.; Grigoras, M.; Porcescu, M.; Lupu, N.; Chiriac, H.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Co-Fe-B particles present a high potential for applications in microwave domain (electromagnetic shielding, toroidal transformer, etc.) due to their special soft <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties like high saturation <span class="hlt">magnetization</span>, low coercivity, large anisotropy and high <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> permeability. However, their microwave applications are limited to about few gigahertzes due to the eddy current losses if the size of the particles is larger than few hundred of nanometers. Chemical synthesis method gives the possibility to obtain nanoparticles with diameters from few nanometers to tens of nanometers by varying the parameters of the chemical synthesis. One way to avoids the agglomeration of the particles in the utilization of the polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) which is acting as dispersant and dimensions controlling agent for nanoparticles. The aim of this paper is to study the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of the synthesis conditions on the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties and microstructure of Co-Fe-B nanoparticles prepared by chemical reduction method in order to obtains nanoparticles with <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties suitable for high frequency applications in the 0.1 ÷ 12 GHz frequency range. Co-Fe-B nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction of CoCl2·6H2O and FeSO4·7H2O salts in aqueous solution of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in presence of the polyvinyl-pirrolydone (PVP). The experimental results indicate that the amount of PVP, Fe/Co ratio and the temperature of the chemical synthesis are important parameters which have to be controlled in order to obtain nanoparticles with desired dimensions, nanostructure and soft <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> properties with suitable properties for high frequency applications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29239355','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29239355"><span><span class="hlt">Magnetically</span> gated accretion in an accreting 'non-<span class="hlt">magnetic</span>' white dwarf.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Scaringi, S; Maccarone, T J; D'Angelo, C; Knigge, C; Groot, P J</p> <p>2017-12-13</p> <p>White dwarfs are often found in binary systems with orbital periods ranging from tens of minutes to hours in which they can accrete gas from their companion stars. In about 15 per cent of these binaries, the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field of the white dwarf is strong enough (at 10 6 gauss or more) to channel the accreted matter along field lines onto the <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> poles. The remaining systems are referred to as 'non-<span class="hlt">magnetic</span>', because until now there has been no evidence that they have a <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field that is strong enough to affect the accretion dynamics. Here we report an analysis of archival optical observations of the 'non-<span class="hlt">magnetic</span>' accreting white dwarf in the binary system MV Lyrae, whose light curve displays quasi-periodic bursts of about 30 minutes duration roughly every 2 hours. The timescale and amplitude of these bursts indicate the presence of an unstable, <span class="hlt">magnetically</span> regulated accretion mode, which in turn implies the existence of <span class="hlt">magnetically</span> gated accretion, in which disk material builds up around the magnetospheric boundary (at the co-rotation radius) and then accretes onto the white dwarf, producing bursts powered by the release of gravitational potential energy. We infer a surface <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> field strength for the white dwarf in MV Lyrae of between 2 × 10 4 gauss and 1 × 10 5 gauss, too low to be detectable by other current methods. Our discovery provides a new way of studying the strength and evolution of <span class="hlt">magnetic</span> fields in accreting white dwarfs and extends the connections between accretion onto white dwarfs, young stellar objects and neutron stars, for which similar <span class="hlt">magnetically</span> gated accretion <span class="hlt">cycles</span> have been identified.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24662691','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24662691"><span>Do staff nurse perceptions of nurse leadership behaviors <span class="hlt">influence</span> staff nurse job satisfaction? The case of a hospital applying for <span class="hlt">Magnet</span>® designation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bormann, Lorraine; Abrahamson, Kathleen</p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>Nurse managers leadership behaviors <span class="hlt">influence</span> the job satisfaction of staff nurses. Transformational leadership is 1 of the 5 components associated with the <span class="hlt">Magnet</span> Recognition Program®. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between staff nurse perception of nurse manager leadership behavior and staff nurse job satisfaction in a hospital on the <span class="hlt">Magnet</span>® journey and the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of nurse manager leadership style on staff nurse job satisfaction. A descriptive, correlational design using a self-report survey with convenience sampling was used for this quantitative research study. Staff nurses completed the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5X Short Form, the Abridged Job Descriptive Index survey, and a demographic questionnaire. Pearson correlations and regression analyses were completed to explore the relationship and <span class="hlt">influence</span> of nurse manager leadership style on staff nurse job satisfaction. Transformational and transactional leadership styles of nurse managers were positively related to staff nurse overall job satisfaction and satisfaction with opportunity for promotion. Passive-avoidant leadership style of nurse managers was negatively related to staff nurse satisfaction with work, promotion, supervision, and coworker. Satisfaction with nurse manager leadership was a positive <span class="hlt">influence</span> on overall nurse job satisfaction when separately controlling for the <span class="hlt">influence</span> of each leadership style. Transformational and transactional leadership styles should be taught and encouraged among nurse managers to positively <span class="hlt">influence</span> the job satisfaction of staff nurses.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EPJP..131..394X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EPJP..131..394X"><span>Maximum <span class="hlt">cycle</span> work output optimization for generalized radiative law Otto <span class="hlt">cycle</span> engines</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xia, Shaojun; Chen, Lingen; Sun, Fengrui</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>An Otto <span class="hlt">cycle</span> internal combustion engine which includes thermal and friction losses is investigated by finite-time thermodynamics, and the optimization objective is the maximum <span class="hlt">cycle</span> work output. The thermal energy transfer from the working substance to the cylinder inner wall follows the generalized radiative law (q∝Δ (Tn)). Under the condition that all of the fuel consumption, the compression ratio and the <span class="hlt">cycle</span> period are given, the optimal piston trajectories for both the examples with unlimited and limited accelerations on every stroke are determined, and the <span class="hlt">cycle</span>-period distribution among all strokes is also optimized. Numerical calculation results for the case of radiative law are provided and compared with those obtained for the cases of Newtonian law and linear phenomenological law. The results indicate that the optimal piston trajectory on each stroke contains three sections, which consist of an original maximum-acceleration and a terminal maximum-deceleration parts; for the case of radiative law, optimizing the piston motion path can achieve an improvement of more than 20% in both the <span class="hlt">cycle</span>-work output and the second-law efficiency of the Otto <span class="hlt">cycle</span> compared with the conventional near-sinusoidal operation, and heat transfer mechanisms have both qualitative and quantitative <span class="hlt">influences</span> on the optimal paths of piston movements.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22127323','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22127323"><span><span class="hlt">Influence</span> of sex and estrous <span class="hlt">cycle</span> on synaptic responses of the medial vestibular nuclei in rats: role of circulating 17β-estradiol.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Grassi, Silvarosa; Frondaroli, Adele; Scarduzio, Mariangela; Dieni, Cristina V; Brecchia, Gabriele; Boiti, Cristiano; Pettorossi, Vito E</p> <p>2012-02-10</p> <p>We investigated the possible <span class="hlt">influence</span> of sex and estrous <span class="hlt">cycle</span> on the synaptic responses of neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and their long-term modifications. In brain stem slices of male and female rats during proestrus (PE) and diestrus (DE), we evaluated the field potential evoked in the MVN by vestibular afferent stimulation. Here we find that in PE females the field potential had a lower threshold and higher amplitude than in DE females and in males and also that the stimulus-response curve was shifted to the left. Such difference is related to the level and cyclic fluctuation of circulating 17β-estradiol (E(2)). This is supported by the exogenous administration of E(2) in DE females and males, with low levels of circulating E(2) that enhanced the field potential amplitude to values close to those of PE females. Sex and estrous <span class="hlt">cycle</span> also <span class="hlt">influence</span> the MVN synaptic plasticity. This has been shown by investigating the effect of testosterone (T) on the induction of long-term effects, since T is the precursor for the neural synthesis of E(2) (estrogenic pathway), which is involved in the induction of fast long-term potentiation (LTP), or of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT, androgenic pathway) which mediates slow LTP and long-term depression (LTD). We found that T mostly induced LTD in PE females and no effect in DE females, while it only provoked fast LTP in males. We suggest that high level of circulating E(2) may interfere with the conversion of T, by inhibiting the neural estrogenic pathway and facilitating the androgenic one. On the whole these results demonstrate an <span class="hlt">influence</span> of circulating E(2) on vestibular synaptic transmission and plasticity that in some cases may contribute to the sex and menstrual <span class="hlt">cycle</span> dependence of symptoms in human vestibular pathology. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. 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