Selenium doping NaCl-type superconductor: SnAs1-xSex (x=0-0.13)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Jianqiao; Zhang, Xian; Lai, Xiaofang; Huang, Fuqiang

2017-08-01

Selenium doped NaCl-type superconductor SnAs1-xSex (x=0-0.13) were made through solid state reaction. EDS results show that Se content increases with Se doping until over doped in SnAs0.9Se0.1 and SnAs0.87Se0.13 (around 2.7%). PXRD patterns confirmed the main phase of the six doped samples are SnAs. The cell parameters of doped SnAs were calculated using Rietveld refinements. Their cell parameters increase almost linearly with x until x reaches 13%. Single crystal diffraction measurement results show that there are no interstitial atom in doped SnAs. We conclude that Se atoms are substitutional atoms in SnAs. The superconducting onset temperatures (Tconset, under a magnetic field of 10 Oe) of SnAs increased from 3.8 K to 4.5 K by 10% Se doping. ρ-T curves of 1%, 5% and 10% Se doped samples show that all the three samples are metallic. Upper critical field Hc2(0) of 1%, 5% and 10% Se doped samples are 294 Oe, 649 Oe and 1011 Oe, respectively.

Tin phosphide-based anodes for sodium-ion batteries: synthesis via solvothermal transformation of Sn metal and phase-dependent Na storage performance

PubMed Central

Shin, Hyun-Seop; Jung, Kyu-Nam; Jo, Yong Nam; Park, Min-Sik; Kim, Hansung; Lee, Jong-Won

2016-01-01

There is a great deal of current interest in the development of rechargeable sodium (Na)-ion batteries (SIBs) for low-cost, large-scale stationary energy storage systems. For the commercial success of this technology, significant progress should be made in developing robust anode (negative electrode) materials with high capacity and long cycle life. Sn-P compounds are considered promising anode materials that have considerable potential to meet the required performance of SIBs, and they have been typically prepared by high-energy mechanical milling. Here, we report Sn-P-based anodes synthesised through solvothermal transformation of Sn metal and their electrochemical Na storage properties. The temperature and time period used for solvothermal treatment play a crucial role in determining the phase, microstructure, and composition of the Sn-P compound and thus its electrochemical performance. The Sn-P compound prepared under an optimised solvothermal condition shows excellent electrochemical performance as an SIB anode, as evidenced by a high reversible capacity of ~560 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 and cycling stability for 100 cycles. The solvothermal route provides an effective approach to synthesising Sn-P anodes with controlled phases and compositions, thus tailoring their Na storage behaviour. PMID:27189834

Unique regulation of Na-glutamine cotransporter SN2/SNAT5 in rabbit intestinal crypt cells during chronic enteritis.

PubMed

Singh, Soudamani; Arthur, Subha; Sundaram, Uma

2018-03-01

The only Na-nutrient cotransporter described in mammalian small intestinal crypt cells is SN2/SNAT5, which facilitates glutamine uptake. In a rabbit model of chronic intestinal inflammation, SN2 stimulation is secondary to an increase in affinity of the cotransporter for glutamine. However, the immune regulation of SN2 in the crypt cells during chronic intestinal inflammation is unknown. We sought to determine the mechanism of regulation of Na-nutrient cotransporter SN2 by arachidonic acid metabolites in crypt cells. The small intestines of New Zealand white male rabbits were inflamed via inoculation with Eimeria magna oocytes. After 2-week incubation, control and inflamed rabbits were subjected to intramuscular injections of arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (ATK), piroxicam and MK886 for 48 hrs. After injections, the rabbits were euthanized and crypt cells from small intestines were harvested and used. Treatment of rabbits with ATK prevented the release of AA and reversed stimulation of SN2. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) with piroxicam did not affect stimulation of SN2. However, inhibition of lipoxygenase (LOX) with MK886, thus reducing leukotriene formation during chronic enteritis, reversed the stimulation of SN2. Kinetic studies showed that the mechanism of restoration of SN2 by ATK or MK886 was secondary to the restoration of the affinity of the cotransporter for glutamine. For all treatment conditions, Western blot analysis revealed no change in SN2 protein levels. COX inhibition proved ineffective at reversing the stimulation of SN2. Thus, this study provides evidence that SN2 stimulation in crypt cells is mediated by the leukotriene pathway during chronic intestinal inflammation. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine.

Porous carbon-free SnSb anodes for high-performance Na-ion batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, Jeong-Hee; Ha, Choong-Wan; Choi, Hae-Young; Seong, Jae-Wook; Park, Cheol-Min; Lee, Sang-Min

2018-05-01

A simple melt-spinning/chemical-etching process is developed to create porous carbon-free SnSb anodes. Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) incorporating these anodes exhibit excellent electrochemical performances by accomodating large volume changes during repeated cycling. The porous carbon-free SnSb anode produced by the melt-spinning/chemical-etching process shows a high reversible capacity of 481 mAh g-1, high ICE of 80%, stable cyclability with a high capacity retention of 99% after 100 cycles, and a fast rate capability of 327 mAh g-1 at 4C-rate. Ex-situ X-ray diffraction and high resolution-transmission electron microscopy analyses demonstrate that the synthesized porous carbon-free SnSb anodes involve the highly reversible reaction with sodium through the conversion and recombination reactions during sodiation/desodiation process. The novel and simple melt-spinning/chemical-etching synthetic process represents a technological breakthrough in the commercialization of Na alloy-able anodes for SIBs.

Structure of sup 118 Sb nucleus

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gulyas, J.; Fenyes, T.; Fayez, M.

1992-10-01

{gamma}, {gamma}{gamma}-coincidence, internal conversion electron, and {gamma}-ray angular distribution spectra of the {sup 118}Sn({ital p},{ital n}{gamma}){sup 118}Sb reaction were measured at different bombarding proton energies between 5.5 and 7.5 MeV. {gamma}, {gamma}{gamma}-coincidence, and internal conversion electron spectra of the {sup 115}In ({alpha},{ital n}{gamma}){sup 118}Sb reaction were also measured at {ital E}{sub {alpha}}=14.5 MeV. Ge(HP), Ge(Li), Ge(LEPS) {gamma}-ray detectors, as well as a superconducting magnetic lens electron spectrometer (with Si(Li) detectors), were used in the experiments. About 210 (including {similar to}130 new) {gamma} rays have been assigned to {sup 118}Sb. The deduced {sup 118}Sb level scheme contains more than 70 newmore » levels. On the basis of the internal conversion coefficients, Hauser-Feshbach analysis of ({ital p},{ital n}) reaction cross sections, {gamma}-ray angular distributions, and other arguments spin and parity values have been determined. The parabolic rule'' prediction of the energy splitting of different proton-neutron multiplets enabled the identification of many proton-neutron multiplet states. The energy spectrum and electromagnetic properties have been calculated in the framework of the interacting boson-fermion-fermion--odd-odd truncated quadrupole phonon model, and reasonably good agreement has been obtained between experimental and theoretical results.« less

Improving cycle stability of SnS anode for sodium-ion batteries by limiting Sn agglomeration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Wenhui; Shi, Liang; Lan, Danni; Li, Quan

2018-02-01

Flower-like SnS nanostructures are obtained by a simple solvothermal method for anode applications in Na-ion batteries. We show experimental evidence of progressive Sn agglomeration and crystalline Na2S enrichment at the end of de-sodiation process of the SnS electrode, both of which contribute to the capacity decay of the electrode upon repeated cycles. By replacing the commonly adopted acetylene black conductive additive with multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), the cycle stability of the SnS electrode is largely improved, which correlates well with the observed suppression of both Sn agglomeration and Na2S enrichment at the end of de-sodiation cycle. A full cell is assembled with the SnS/MWCNT anode and the P2-Na2/3Ni1/3Mn1/2Ti1/6O2 cathode. An initial energy density of 262 Wh/kg (normalized to the total mass of cathode and anode) is demonstrated for the full cell, which retains 71% of the first discharge capacity after 40 cycles.

Calculating Equilibrium Constants in the SnCl2-H2O-NaOH System According to Potentiometric Titration Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maskaeva, L. N.; Fedorova, E. A.; Yusupov, R. A.; Markov, V. F.

2018-05-01

The potentiometric titration of tin chloride SnCl2 is performed in the concentration range of 0.00009-1.1 mol/L with a solution of sodium hydroxide NaOH. According to potentiometric titration data based on modeling equilibria in the SnCl2-H2O-NaOH system, basic equations are generated for the main processes, and instability constants are calculated for the resulting hydroxo complexes and equilibrium constants of low-soluble tin(II) compounds. The data will be of interest for specialists in the field of theory of solutions.

Syntheses and structural characterization of non-centrosymmetric Na{sub 2}M{sub 2}M'S{sub 6} (M, M′=Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn, Zn, Cd) sulfides

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yohannan, Jinu P.; Vidyasagar, Kanamaluru, E-mail: kvsagar@iitm.ac.in

Seven new non-centrosymmetric Na{sub 2}M{sub 2}M’S{sub 6} sulfides, namely, Na{sub 2}Sn{sub 2}ZnS{sub 6}(1){sub ,} Na{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}GeS{sub 6}(2), Na{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}SnS{sub 6}(3-α), Na{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}SnS{sub 6}(3-β){sub ,} Na{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}ZnS{sub 6}(4){sub ,} Na{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}CdS{sub 6}(5){sub ,} Na{sub 2}In{sub 2}SiS{sub 6}(6) and Na{sub 2}In{sub 2}GeS{sub 6}(7), were synthesized by high temperature solid state reactions and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. They crystallize in non-centrosymmetric Fdd2 and Cc space groups and their three-dimensional [M{sub 2}M′S{sub 6}]{sup 2-}framework structures consist of MS{sub 4} and M′S{sub 4} tetrahedra corner-connected to one another in either orderly or disordered fashion. Sodium ions residemore » in the tunnels of the anionic framework. Compounds 1, 2 and 3-α have the structure of known Li{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}GeS{sub 6}, whereas compounds 6 and 7 are isostructural with known Li{sub 2}In{sub 2}GeS{sub 6} compound. Isostructural compounds 4 and 5 represent a new structural variant. Compounds 3-α and its new monoclinic structural variant 3-β have disordered structural framework. All of them are wide band gap semiconductors. Na{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}GeS{sub 6}(2), Na{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}SnS{sub 6}(3), Na{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}ZnS{sub 6}(4) and Na{sub 2}In{sub 2}GeS{sub 6}(7) compounds are found to be second-harmonic generation (SHG) active. Compounds 1, 2 and 3-α melt congruently. - Graphical abstract: Na{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}GeS{sub 6}, Na{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}SnS{sub 6}, Na{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}ZnS{sub 6}, Na{sub 2}In{sub 2}GeS{sub 6}, Na{sub 2}Sn{sub 2}ZnS{sub 6}, Na{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}CdS{sub 6} and Na{sub 2}In{sub 2}SiS{sub 6} have non-centrosymmetric structures and the first four compounds are SHG active. Display Omitted - Highlights: • Seven new Na{sub 2}M{sub 2}M′S{sub 6} compounds with non-centrosymmetric structures were synthesized. • They are wide band gap semiconductors. • Na{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}GeS{sub 6

Level densities and γ-ray strength functions in Sn isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Toft, H. K.; Larsen, A. C.; Agvaanluvsan, U.; Bürger, A.; Guttormsen, M.; Mitchell, G. E.; Nyhus, H. T.; Schiller, A.; Siem, S.; Syed, N. U. H.; Voinov, A.

2010-06-01

The nuclear level densities of Sn118,119 and the γ-ray strength functions of Sn116,118,119 below the neutron separation energy are extracted with the Oslo method using the (He3,αγ) and (He3,He3'γ) reactions. The level-density function of Sn119 displays steplike structures. The microcanonical entropies are deduced from the level densities, and the single neutron entropy of Sn119 is determined to be 1.7 ± 0.2 kB. Results from a combinatorial model support the interpretation that some of the low-energy steps in the level density function are caused by neutron pair breaking. An enhancement in all the γ-ray strength functions of Sn116-119, compared to standard models for radiative strength, is observed for the γ-ray energy region of ≃4-11 MeV. These small resonances all have a centroid energy of 8.0(1) MeV and an integrated strength corresponding to 1.7(9)% of the classical Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rule. The Sn resonances may be due to electric dipole neutron skin oscillations or to an enhancement of the giant magnetic dipole resonance.

Electrochemical Behavior of Sn-9Zn-xTi Lead-Free Solders in Neutral 0.5M NaCl Solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Zhenghong; Chen, Chuantong; Jiu, Jinting; Nagao, Shijo; Nogi, Masaya; Koga, Hirotaka; Zhang, Hao; Zhang, Gong; Suganuma, Katsuaki

2018-03-01

Electrochemical techniques were employed to study the electrochemical corrosion behavior of Sn-9Zn-xTi (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 wt.%) lead-free solders in neutral 0.5M NaCl solution, aiming to figure out the effect of Ti content on the corrosion properties of Sn-9Zn, providing information for the composition design of Sn-Zn-based lead-free solders from the perspective of corrosion. EIS results reveal that Ti addition was involved in the corrosion product layer and changed electrochemical interface behavior from charge transfer control process to diffusion control process. The trace amount of Ti addition (0.05 wt.%) can refine the microstructure and improve the corrosion resistance of Sn-9Zn solder, evidenced by much lower corrosion current density (i corr) and much higher total resistance (R t). Excess Ti addition (over 0.1 wt.%) led to the formation of Ti-containing IMCs, which were confirmed as Sn3Ti2 and Sn5Ti6, deteriorating the corrosion resistance of Sn-9Zn-xTi solders. The main corrosion products were confirmed as Sn3O(OH)2Cl2 mixed with small amount of chlorine/oxide Sn compounds.

Electrochemical Behavior of Sn-9Zn- xTi Lead-Free Solders in Neutral 0.5M NaCl Solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Zhenghong; Chen, Chuantong; Jiu, Jinting; Nagao, Shijo; Nogi, Masaya; Koga, Hirotaka; Zhang, Hao; Zhang, Gong; Suganuma, Katsuaki

2018-05-01

Electrochemical techniques were employed to study the electrochemical corrosion behavior of Sn-9Zn- xTi ( x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 wt.%) lead-free solders in neutral 0.5M NaCl solution, aiming to figure out the effect of Ti content on the corrosion properties of Sn-9Zn, providing information for the composition design of Sn-Zn-based lead-free solders from the perspective of corrosion. EIS results reveal that Ti addition was involved in the corrosion product layer and changed electrochemical interface behavior from charge transfer control process to diffusion control process. The trace amount of Ti addition (0.05 wt.%) can refine the microstructure and improve the corrosion resistance of Sn-9Zn solder, evidenced by much lower corrosion current density ( i corr) and much higher total resistance ( R t). Excess Ti addition (over 0.1 wt.%) led to the formation of Ti-containing IMCs, which were confirmed as Sn3Ti2 and Sn5Ti6, deteriorating the corrosion resistance of Sn-9Zn- xTi solders. The main corrosion products were confirmed as Sn3O(OH)2Cl2 mixed with small amount of chlorine/oxide Sn compounds.

Reference Data for the Density, Viscosity, and Surface Tension of Liquid Al-Zn, Ag-Sn, Bi-Sn, Cu-Sn, and Sn-Zn Eutectic Alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dobosz, Alexandra; Gancarz, Tomasz

2018-03-01

The data for the physicochemical properties viscosity, density, and surface tension obtained by different experimental techniques have been analyzed for liquid Al-Zn, Ag-Sn, Bi-Sn, Cu-Sn, and Sn-Zn eutectic alloys. All experimental data sets have been categorized and described by the year of publication, the technique used to obtain the data, the purity of the samples and their compositions, the quoted uncertainty, the number of data in the data set, the form of data, and the temperature range. The proposed standard deviations of liquid eutectic Al-Zn, Ag-Sn, Bi-Sn, Cu-Sn, and Sn-Zn alloys are 0.8%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 0.2%, and 0.1% for the density, 8.7%, 4.1%, 3.6%, 5.1%, and 4.0% for viscosity, and 1.0%, 0.5%, 0.3%, N/A, and 0.4% for surface tension, respectively, at a confidence level of 95%.

A highly stable (SnOx-Sn)@few layered graphene composite anode of sodium-ion batteries synthesized by oxygen plasma assisted milling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Deliang; Liu, Jiangwen; Li, Xiang; Hu, Renzong; Zeng, Meiqing; Yang, Lichun; Zhu, Min

2017-05-01

The (SnOx-Sn)@few layered graphene ((SnOx-Sn)@FLG) composite has been synthesized by oxygen plasma-assisted milling. Owing to the synergistic effect of rapid plasma heating and ball mill grinding, SnOx (1 ≤ x ≤ 2) nanoparticles generated from the reaction of Sn with oxygen are tightly wrapped by FLG nanosheets which are simultaneously exfoliated from expanded graphite, forming secondary micro granules. Inside the granules, the small size of the SnOx nanoparticles enables the fast kinetics for Na+ transfer. The in-situ formed FLG and residual Sn nanoparticles improve the electrical conductivity of the composite, meanwhile alleviate the aggregation of SnOx nanoparticles and relieve the volume change during the cycling, which is beneficial for the cyclic stability for the Na+ storage. As an anode material for sodium-ion batteries, the (SnOx-Sn)@FLG composite exhibits a high reversible capacity of 448 mAh g-1 at a current density of 100 mA g-1 in the first cycle, with 82.6% capacity retention after 250 cycles. Even when the current density increases to 1000 mA g-1, this composite retains 316.5 mAh g-1 after 250 cycles. With superior Na+ storage stability, the (SnOx-Sn)@FLG composite can be a promising anode material for high performance sodium-ion batteries.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: SN 2007on and SN 2011iv light curves (Gall+, 2018)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gall, C.; Stritzinger, M. D.; Ashall, C.; Baron, E.; Burns, C. R.; Hoeflich, P.; Hsiao, E. Y.; Mazzali, P. A.; Phillips, M. M.; Filippenko, A. V.; Anderson, J. P.; Benetti, S.; Brown, P. J.; Campillay, A.; Challis, P.; Contreras, C.; Elias de La Rosa, N.; Folatelli, G.; Foley, R. J.; Fraser, M.; Holmbo, S.; Marion, G. H.; Morrell, N.; Pan, Y.-C.; Pignata, G.; Suntzeff, N. B.; Taddia, F.; Torres Robledo, S.; Valenti, S.

2017-11-01

Detailed optical and NIR light curves of SN 2007on obtained by the first phase of the Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP-I, 2004-2009; Hamuy et al., 2006PASP..118....2H) were published by Stritzinger et al. (2011, Cat. J/AJ/142/156).UV uvw2-, uvm2-, and uvw1-band imaging of both SN 2007on and SN 2011iv were obtained with Swift (+ UVOT). Photome- try of SN 2007on and SN 2011iv was computed following the method described in detail by Brown et al. (2014Ap&SS.354...89B), who use the calibration published by Breeveld et al. (2011, AIPCS, 1358, 373). The Swift UVOT images and photometry are also available as part of the Swift Optical Ultraviolet Supernova Archive (SOUSA; Brown et al. 2014Ap&SS.354...89B). Optical ugriBV-band imaging of SN 2007on and SN 2011iv was obtained with the Henrietta Swope 1.0m telescope (+ SITe3 direct CCD camera) located at the Las Campanas Observatory (LCO). The NIR YJH-band imaging of SN 2007on was obtained with the Swope (+ RetroCam) and the Irenee du Pont 2.5m (+ WIRC: Wide Field Infrared Camera) telescopes (Stritzinger et al., Cat. J/AJ/142/156), while in the case of SN 2011iv all NIR YJH-band imaging was taken with RetroCam attached to the Irenee du Pont telescope. The optical local sequence is calibrated relative to Landolt (1992AJ....104..372L) (BV) and Smith et al. (2002AJ....123.2121S) (ugri) standard-star fields observed over multiple photometric nights. The NIR J-band and H-band local sequences were calibrated relative to the Persson et al. (1998AJ....116.2475P) standard stars, while the Y- band local sequence was calibrated relative to standard Y-band magnitudes computed using a combination of stellar atmosphere models (Castelli & Kurucz, 2003, IAUSymp, 210, A20) with the J-Ks colours of the Persson et al. standard-star catalogue (Hamuy et al., 2006PASP..118....2H). (5 data files).

Mast cell regulation of Na-glutamine co-transporters B0AT1 in villus and SN2 in crypt cells during chronic intestinal inflammation.

PubMed

Singh, Soudamani; Arthur, Subha; Talukder, Jamilur; Palaniappan, Balasubramanian; Coon, Steven; Sundaram, Uma

2015-04-15

In the chronically inflamed rabbit small intestine, brush border membrane (BBM) Na-glutamine co-transport is inhibited in villus cells (mediated by B0AT1), while it is stimulated in crypt cells (mediated by SN2/SNAT5). How mast cells, known to be enhanced in the chronically inflamed intestine, may regulate B0AT1 in villus and SN2/SNAT5 in crypt cell is unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the regulation of B0AT1 and SN2/SNAT5 by mast cells during chronic enteritis. Chronic intestinal inflammation was induced in male rabbits with intra-gastric inoculation of Eimeria magna oocytes. Rabbits with chronic inflammation were treated with ketotifen (10 mg/day) or saline (Placebo) for 2 days. Villus and crypts cells were isolated from the rabbit intestine using the Ca++ chelation technique. Na/K-ATPase activity was measured as Pi from cellular homogenate. BBM vesicles (BBMV) were prepared from villus and crypt cells and uptake studies were performed using rapid filtration technique with (3)H-Glutamine. Western blot analyses were done using B0AT1 and SN2 specific antibodies. In villus cells, Na-glutamine co-transport inhibition observed during inflammation was completely reversed by ketotifen, a mast cell stabilizer. In contrast, in crypt cells, Na-glutamine co-transport stimulation was reversed to normal levels by ketotifen. Kinetic studies demonstrated that ketotifen reversed the inhibition of B0AT1 in villus cells by restoring co-transporter numbers in the BBM, whereas the stimulation of SN2/SNAT5 in crypts cells was reversed secondary to restoration of affinity of the co-transporter. Western blot analysis showed that ketotifen restored immune-reactive levels of B0AT1 in villus cells, while SN2/SNAT5 levels from crypts cell remained unchanged. In the present study we demonstrate that mast cells likely function as a common upstream immune pathway regulator of the Na-dependent glutamine co-transporters, B0AT1 in villus cells and SN2 in crypts cells

Final Hazard Categorization for the Remediation of the 118-D-1, 118-D-2, 118-D-3, 118-H-1, 118-H-2, and 118-H-3 Solid Waste Burial Grounds

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

T. J. Rodovsky

2006-12-06

This report presents the final hazard categorization (FHC) for the remediation of the 118-D-1, 118-D-2, and 118-D-3 Burial Grounds located within the 100-D/DR Area of the Hanford Site and the 118-H-1, 118-H-2, and 118-H-3 Burial Grounds located within the 100-H Area of the Hanford Site.

Final Hazard Categorization for the Remediation of the 118-D-1, 118-D-2, 118-D-3, 118-H-1, 118-H-2, and 118-H-3 Solid Waste Burial Grounds

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

T. J. Rodovsky

2007-04-12

This report presents the final hazard categorization (FHC) for the remediation of the 118-D-1, 118-D-2, and 118-D-3 Burial Grounds located within the 100-D/DR Area of the Hanford Site and the 118-H-1, 118-H-2, and 118-H-3 Burial Grounds located within the 100-H Area of the Hanford Site.

Growth of SnO2 Nanoflowers on N-doped Carbon Nanofibers as Anode for Li- and Na-ion Batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liang, Jiaojiao; Yuan, Chaochun; Li, Huanhuan; Fan, Kai; Wei, Zengxi; Sun, Hanqi; Ma, Jianmin

2018-06-01

It is urgent to solve the problems of the dramatic volume expansion and pulverization of SnO2 anodes during cycling process in battery systems. To address this issue, we design a hybrid structure of N-doped carbon fibers@SnO2 nanoflowers (NC@SnO2) to overcome it in this work. The hybrid NC@SnO2 is synthesized through the hydrothermal growth of SnO2 nanoflowers on the surface of N-doped carbon fibers obtained by electrospinning. The NC is introduced not only to provide a support framework in guiding the growth of the SnO2 nanoflowers and prevent the flower-like structures from agglomeration, but also serve as a conductive network to accelerate electronic transmission along one-dimensional structure effectively. When the hybrid NC@SnO2 was served as anode, it exhibits a high discharge capacity of 750 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 after 100 cycles in Li-ion battery and 270 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1 for 100 cycles in Na-ion battery, respectively.[Figure not available: see fulltext.

Probing the Failure Mechanism of SnO2 Nanowires for Sodium-ion Batteries

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gu, Meng; Kushima, Akihiro; Shao, Yuyan

2013-09-30

Non-lithium metals such as sodium have attracted wide attention as a potential charge carrying ion for rechargeable batteries, performing the same role as lithium in lithium- ion batteries. As sodium and lithium have the same +1 charge, it is assumed that what has been learnt about the operation of lithium ion batteries can be transferred directly to sodium batteries. Using in-situ TEM, in combination with DFT calculations, we probed the structural and chemical evolution of SnO2 nanowire anodes in Na-ion batteries and compared them quantitatively with results from Li-ion batteries [Science 330 (2010) 1515]. Upon Na insertion into SnO2, amore » displacement reaction occurs, leading to the formation of amorphous NaxSn nanoparticles covered by crystalline Na2O shell. With further Na insertion, the NaxSn core crystallized into Na15Sn4 (x=3.75). Upon extraction of Na (desodiation), the NaxSn core transforms to Sn nanoparticles. Associated with a volume shrinkage, nanopores appear and metallic Sn particles are confined in hollow shells of Na2O, mimicking a peapod structure. These pores greatly increase electrical impedance, therefore naturally accounting for the poor cyclability of SnO2. DFT calculations indicate that Na+ diffuses 30 times slower than Li+ in SnO2, in agreement with in-situ TEM measurement. Insertion of Na can chemo-mechanically soften the reaction product to greater extent than in lithiation. Therefore, in contrast to the lithiation of SnO2, no dislocation plasticity was seen ahead of the sodiation front. This direct comparison of the results from Na and Li highlights the critical role of ionic size and electronic structure of different ionic species on the charge/discharge rate and failure mechanisms in these batteries.« less

P-type field effect transistor based on Na-doped BaSnO3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jang, Yeaju; Hong, Sungyun; Park, Jisung; Char, Kookrin

We fabricated field effect transistors (FET) based on the p-type Na-doped BaSnO3 (BNSO) channel layer. The properties of epitaxial BNSO channel layer were controlled by the doping rate. In order to modulate the p-type FET, we used amorphous HfOx and epitaxial BaHfO3 (BHO) gate oxides, both of which have high dielectric constants. HfOx was deposited by atomic-layer-deposition and BHO was epitaxially grown by pulsed laser deposition. The pulsed laser deposited SrRuO3 (SRO) was used as the source and the drain contacts. Indium-tin oxide and La-doped BaSnO3 were used as the gate electrodes on top of the HfOx and the BHO gate oxides, respectively. We will analyze and present the performances of the BNSO field effect transistor such as the IDS-VDS, the IDS-VGS, the Ion/Ioff ratio, and the field effect mobility. Samsung Science and Technology Foundation.

Frequency of Application of AmF/NaF/SnCl2 Solution and Its Potential in Inhibiting the Progression of Erosion in Human Dental Enamel - An In Vitro Study.

PubMed

da Silva, Camilla Vieira; Nazello, Jessica Laporta; de Freitas, Patricia Moreira

To evaluate whether increasing the frequency of its use can enhance the protective effect of AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution against dental erosion. Sixty human enamel samples were obtained from sound human third molars, and after the formation of incipient erosive lesions (1% citric acid, pH 4.0, for 3 min), they were divided into five treatment groups (n = 12): G1 - deionised water (negative control); G2 - NaF solution (positive control) once a day; G3 - NaF solution (positive control) twice a day; G4 - AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution once a day; G5 - AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution twice a day. The samples were then subjected to 5 days of erosive cycling through 6 daily immersions (2 min each) in citric acid solution (0.05 M, pH 2.6). At the end of erosive cycling, surface wear was determined by means of optical profilometry. One-way ANOVA showed that the surface wear was affected by surface treatments (p < 0.001). Tukey's test showed no difference between the groups in which NaF was applied once or twice, but they showed limited reduction in wear compared to the deionised water group (G1). In the groups treated with the AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution, there was a statistically significant difference between one and two application times (p < 0.001). Although both demonstrated statistically significantly reduced tissue loss, increasing the frequency increased its anti-erosive potential. The AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution proved to be effective in reducing dental enamel surface loss and its use twice a day potentiated its anti-erosive effect.

Electrodeposition of nanostructured Sn-Zn coatings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salhi, Y.; Cherrouf, S.; Cherkaoui, M.; Abdelouahdi, K.

2016-03-01

The electrodeposition of Sn-Zn coating at ambient temperature was investigated. The bath consists of metal salts SnCl2·2H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O and sodium citrate (NaC6H5Na3O7·2H2O) as complexing agent. To prevent precipitation, the pH is fixed at 5. Reducing tin and zinc through Sncit2- and ZnHcit- complex respectively is confirmed by the presence of two cathodic peaks on the voltammogram. The kinetic of tin (II) reduction process is limited by the SnCit2- dissociation. The SEM and TEM observations have showed that the coating consists of a uniform Sn-Zn layer composed of fine grains on which tin aggregates grow up. XRD revealed peaks corresponding to the hexagonal Zn phase and the tetragonal β-Sn phase.

Corrosion and Discharge Behaviors of Al-Mg-Sn-Ga-In in Different Solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiong, Hanqing; Yin, Xiang; Yan, Yang; Dai, Yilong; Fan, Sufeng; Qiao, Xueyan; Yu, Kun

2016-08-01

Al-0.5 wt.%Mg-0.08 wt.%Sn-0.05 wt.%Ga-0.05 wt.%In and Al-0.5 wt.%Mg-0.08 wt.%Sn-0.05 wt.%Ga alloys were prepared by melting, casting and cold rolling. Corrosion and discharge behaviors of the two experimental alloys were investigated by electrochemical measurement, self-corrosion rate measurement, air battery testing, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that Al-Mg-Sn-Ga-In alloy exhibited higher electrochemical activity than Al-Mg-Sn-Ga alloy in 2 M NaCl solution, while it showed lower electrochemical activity than Al-Mg-Sn-Ga alloy in 4 M NaOH solution. By comparison with the air battery based on Al-Mg-Sn-Ga alloy, the battery with Al-Mg-Sn-Ga-In alloy cannot exhibit better discharge performance in 4 M NaOH electrolyte. However, the performance of the air battery based on Al-Mg-Sn-Ga-In alloy was greatly improved due to the In-rich inclusions and the uniform corroded morphology in 2 M NaCl electrolyte. Thus, Al-Mg-Sn-Ga-In alloy was a good anode material for Al-air battery in 2 M NaCl electrolyte.

The North American Listening in Spatialized Noise-Sentences test (NA LiSN-S): normative data and test-retest reliability studies for adolescents and young adults.

PubMed

Brown, David K; Cameron, Sharon; Martin, Jeffrey S; Watson, Charlene; Dillon, Harvey

2010-01-01

The Listening in Spatialized Noise-Sentences test (LiSN-S; Cameron and Dillon, 2009) was originally developed to assess auditory stream segregation skills in children aged 6 to 11 yr with suspected central auditory processing disorder. The LiSN-S creates a three-dimensional auditory environment under headphones. A simple repetition-response protocol is used to assess a listener's speech reception threshold (SRT) for target sentences presented in competing speech maskers. Performance is measured as the improvement in SRT in dB gained when either pitch, spatial, or both pitch and spatial cues are incorporated in the maskers. A North American-accented version of the LiSN-S (NA LiSN-S) is available for use in the United States and Canada. To develop normative data for adolescents and adults on the NA LiSN-S, to compare these data with those of children aged 6 to 11 yr as documented in Cameron et al (2009), and to consolidate the child, adolescent, and adult normative and retest data to allow the software to be used with a wider population. In a descriptive design, normative data and test-retest reliability data were collected. One hundred and twenty normally hearing participants took part in the normative data study (67 adolescents aged 12 yr, 1 mo, to 17 yr, 10 mo, and 53 adults aged 19 yr, 10 mo, to 30 yr, 30 mo). Forty-nine participants returned between 1 and 4 mo after the initial assessment for retesting. Participants were recruited from sites in Cincinnati, Dallas, and Calgary. When combined with data collected from children aged 6 to 11 yr, a trend of improved performance as a function of increasing age was found across performance measures. ANOVA (analysis of variance) revealed a significant effect of age on performance. Planned contrasts revealed that there were no significant differences between adults and children aged 13 yr and older on the low-cue SRT; 14 yr and older on talker and spatial advantage; 15 yr and older on total advantage; and 16 yr and older

Final Hazard Categorization and Auditable Safety Analysis for the Remediation of the 118-D-1, 118-D-2, 118-D-3, 118-H-1, 118-H-2 and 118-H-3 Solid Waste Burial Grounds

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

T. J. Rodovsky

2006-03-01

This report presents the initial hazard categorization, final hazard categorization and auditable safety analysis for the remediation of the 118-D-1, 118-D-2, and 118-D-3 Burial Grounds located within the 100-D/DR Area of the Hanford Site and the 118-H-1, 118-H-2, and 118-H-3 Burial Grounds located within the 100-H Area of the Hanford Site.

Thermoelectric Properties of SnS with Na-Doping.

PubMed

Zhou, Binqiang; Li, Shuai; Li, Wen; Li, Juan; Zhang, Xinyue; Lin, Siqi; Chen, Zhiwei; Pei, Yanzhong

2017-10-04

Tin sulfide (SnS), a low-cost compound from the IV-VI semiconductors, has attracted particular attention due to its great potential for large-scale thermoelectric applications. However, pristine SnS shows a low carrier concentration, which leads to a low thermoelectric performance. In this work, sodium is utilized to substitute Sn to increase the hole concentration and consequently improve the thermoelectric power factor. The resultant Hall carrier concentration up to ∼10 19 cm -3 is the highest concentration reported so far for this compound. This further leads to the highest thermoelectric figure of merit, zT of 0.65, reported so far in polycrystalline SnS. The temperature-dependent Hall mobility shows a transition of carrier-scattering source from a grain boundary potential below 400 K to acoustic phonons at higher temperatures. The electronic transport properties can be well understood by a single parabolic band (SPB) model, enabling a quantitative guidance for maximizing the thermoelectric power factor. Using the experimental lattice thermal conductivity, a maximal zT of 0.8 at 850 K is expected when the carrier concentration is further increased to ∼1 × 10 20 cm -3 , according to the SPB model. This work not only demonstrates SnS as a promising low-cost thermoelectric material but also details the material parameters that fundamentally determine the thermoelectric properties.

Influence of Sodium Chloride Doping on Thermoelectric Properties of p-type SnSe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Shi Dan; Nutor, Raymond Kwesi; Chen, Zi Jie; Zheng, Hao; Wu, Hai Fei; Si, Jian Xiao

2017-11-01

We investigated the effect of NaCl doping on the thermoelectric properties of p-type Sn 1- x Na x SeCl x ( x = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04) prepared by a method which combines rapid induction melting and rapid hot pressing. After introducing the NaCl into the SnSe system, the carrier concentration of SnSe is significantly increased from ˜4.55 × 1017 cm-3 to ˜3.95 × 1019 cm-3 at 300 K. An electrical conductivity of ˜102.5 S cm-1 was obtained at 473 K by addition of 2 mol.% NaCl. It was found that Cl was effective in reducing the thermal conductivity by inducing abundant defects. A maximum ZT value of 0.84 was achieved in the Na0.005Sn0.995SeCl0.005 sample at 810 K. This suggests that doping with NaCl is a facile and cost-effective method in optimizing the thermoelectric properties of SnSe materials.

Influence of defects on the thermoelectricity in SnSe: A comprehensive theoretical study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Yecheng; Li, Wei; Wu, Minghui; Zhao, Li-Dong; He, Jiaqing; Wei, Su-Huai; Huang, Li

2018-06-01

SnSe has emerged as an efficient and fascinating thermoelectric material. A fundamental understanding of the effects and nature of intrinsic defects and dopants in SnSe is crucial to optimize its thermoelectric performance. In this paper, we perform first-principles calculations to examine the native and extrinsic point-defect properties in SnSe. We show that the easy formation of acceptorlike Sn vacancy (VSn) is responsible for the p -type conductivity in intrinsic SnSe. We also propose a mechanism and explain the anomalous temperature dependence of the carrier concentration in intrinsic SnSe crystals. Concerning the extrinsic defects, we focus on the dopants used in experiments. We find that Na (Ag) substitution on Sn site, NaSn (AgSn), acts as acceptor, whereas, substitutional BrSe, ISe, and BiSn dopants act as donor. It is shown that for Ag doping, its carrier concentration will be saturated with increasing doping concentration due to the coexistence of compensated defects (Agi and AgSn). Furthermore, we analyze how this doping introduced carrier impact on their thermoelectric characteristics. It is found that the more efficient doping of Na, Br, and I can realize higher Z T .

P-type hole mobility measurement in Na-doped BaSnO3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hong, Sungyun; Jang, Yeaju; Park, Jisung; Char, Kookrin

P-type doping in oxide materials has been a difficult task because of the oxygen vacancies. Taking advantage of the excellent oxygen stability in BaSnO3 (BSO), we replaced Ba with Na in BSO to achieve p-type doping. Ba1-xNaxSnO3 (BNSO) films with varying dopant ratios were epitaxially grown by the pulsed laser deposition technique. We confirmed that the BNSO films were properly grown and determined their lattice constants with respect to the dopant ratio by x-ray diffraction. Due to the high resistance of the films at room temperature, we measured the transport properties of the BNSO films at temperatures ranging from 200 C to 400 C. Hall resistance measurements in a +/- 5 kG magnetic field were performed to confirm that the films are indeed p-type. As the temperature increased, the hole carrier concentration of the films increased while the film resistance decreased. The hole mobility values, in the tens of cm2/Vsec range, were found to decrease with the temperature. We will present the complete doping rate and temperature dependence of the hole mobility and compare their behavior with those of n-type La-doped BSO. Samsung science and technology foundation.

SN REFSDAL: CLASSIFICATION AS A LUMINOUS AND BLUE SN 1987A-LIKE TYPE II SUPERNOVA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kelly, P. L.; Filippenko, A. V.; Graham, M. L.

We have acquired Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Very Large Telescope near-infrared spectra and images of supernova (SN) Refsdal after its discovery as an Einstein cross in fall 2014. The HST light curve of SN Refsdal has a shape consistent with the distinctive, slowly rising light curves of SN 1987A-like SNe, and we find strong evidence for a broad H α P-Cygni profile and Na I D absorption in the HST grism spectrum at the redshift ( z = 1.49) of the spiral host galaxy. SNe IIn, largely powered by circumstellar interaction, could provide a good match to the lightmore » curve of SN Refsdal, but the spectrum of a SN IIn would not show broad and strong H α and Na I D absorption. From the grism spectrum, we measure an H α expansion velocity consistent with those of SN 1987A-like SNe at a similar phase. The luminosity, evolution, and Gaussian profile of the H α emission of the WFC3 and X-shooter spectra, separated by ∼2.5 months in the rest frame, provide additional evidence that supports the SN 1987A-like classification. In comparison with other examples of SN 1987A-like SNe, photometry of SN Refsdal favors bluer B - V and V - R colors and one of the largest luminosities for the assumed range of potential magnifications. The evolution of the light curve at late times will provide additional evidence about the potential existence of any substantial circumstellar material. Using MOSFIRE and X-shooter spectra, we estimate a subsolar host-galaxy metallicity (8.3 ± 0.1 dex and <8.4 dex, respectively) near the explosion site.« less

Activation cross sections of alpha-induced reactions on natIn for 117mSn production

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aikawa, M.; Saito, M.; Ukon, N.; Komori, Y.; Haba, H.

2018-07-01

The production of 117mSn by charged-particle induced reactions is an interesting topic for medical application. Production cross sections of α-induced reactions on natIn for 117mSn up to 50 MeV were measured using the stacked foil technique and activation method. The integral yield of 117mSn was estimated using the measured cross sections. The results were compared with experimental data investigated earlier and theoretical calculation. Measured cross sections for 113Sn and 116m,117,118mSb isotopes were also presented.

Enhanced superconductivity in SnSb under pressure: a first principles study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sreenivasa Reddy, P. V.; Kanchana, V.

2017-10-01

First principles electronic structure calculations reveal both SnP and SnSb to be stable in the NaCl structure. In SnSb, a first order phase transition from NaCl to CsCl type structure is observed at around 13 GPa, which is also confirmed from enthalpy calculations and agrees well with experimental and other theoretical reports. Calculations of the phonon spectra, and hence the electron-phonon coupling λep and superconducting transition temperature T c, were performed at zero pressure for both the compounds, and at high pressure for SnSb. These calculations report Tc of 0.614 K and 3.083 K for SnP and SnSb respectively, in the NaCl structure—in good agreement with experiment—whilst at the transition pressure, in the CsCl structure, a drastically increased value of T c around 9.18 K (9.74 K at 20 GPa) is found for SnSb, together with a dramatic increase in the electronic density of states at this pressure. The lowest energy acoustic phonon branches in each structure also demonstrate some softening effects, which are well addressed in this work.

Optical and Electrical Properties of Sn-Doped Zinc Oxide Single Crystals

DOE PAGES

Haseman, M. S.; Saadatkia, Pooneh; Warfield, J. T.; ...

2017-11-28

Here, Sn dopant in ZnO may significantly improve the n-type conductivity of ZnO through a characteristic double effect. However, studies on bulk Sn-doped ZnO are rare, and the effect of Sn doping on the optoelectronic properties of bulk ZnO is not well understood. In this work, the effect of Sn doping on the optical and electrical properties of ZnO bulk single crystals was investigated through optical absorption spectroscopy, Hall-effect measurements, and thermoluminescence (TL) spectroscopy. Undoped and Sn-doped ZnO single crystals were grown by chemical vapor transport method and characterized by x-ray diffraction analysis. The Sn doping level in the crystalsmore » was evaluated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy measurements. Hall-effect measurements revealed an increase in conductivity and carrier concentration with increasing Sn doping, while TL measurements identified a few donor species in the crystals with donor ionization energy ranging from 35 meV to 118 meV. Increasing Sn doping was also associated with a color change of single crystals from colorless to dark blue.« less

Performance of Al-0.5 Mg-0.02 Ga-0.1 Sn-0.5 Mn as anode for Al-air battery in NaCl solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Jingling; Wen, Jiuba; Gao, Junwei; Li, Quanan

2014-05-01

In this research, metal-air battery based on Al, Zn, Al-0.5 Mg-0.02 Ga-0.1 Sn and Al-0.5 Mg-0.02 Ga-0.1 Sn-0.5 Mn (wt%) is prepared and the battery performance is investigated by constant current discharge test in 2 mol L-1 NaCl solutions. The characteristics of the anodes after discharge are investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corrosion behavior of the anodes is studied by self-corrosion rate measurement and potentiodynamic polarization measurement. The results show that Al-Mg-Ga-Sn-Mn is more active than Al, Zn and Al-Mg-Ga-Sn anodes. The self-corrosion rate is found to be in the order: Al < Al-Mg-Ga-Sn-Mn < Al-Mg-Ga-Sn < Zn. It has been observed that the Al-air battery based on Al-Mg-Ga-Sn-Mn offers higher operating voltage and anodic utilization than those with others. SEM and EIS results of the alloy are in good agreement with corrosion characteristics.

Ferromagnetism of Fe 3Sn and alloys

DOE PAGES

Sales, Brian C.; Saparov, Bayrammurad; McGuire, Michael A.; ...

2014-11-12

Hexagonal Fe 3Sn has many of the desirable properties for a new permanent magnet phase with a Curie temperature of 725 K, a saturation moment of 1.18 MA/m. and anisotropy energy, K 1 of 1.8 MJ/m 3. However, contrary to earlier experimental reports, we found both experimentally and theoretically that the easy magnetic axis lies in the hexagonal plane, which is undesirable for a permanent magnet material. One possibility for changing the easy axis direction is through alloying. We used first principles calculations to investigate the effect of elemental substitutions. The calculations showed that substitution on the Sn site hasmore » the potential to switch the easy axis direction. Transition metal substitutions with Co or Mn do not have this effect. We attempted synthesis of a number of these alloys and found results in accord with the theoretical predictions for those that were formed. However, the alloys that could be readily made all showed an in-plane easy axis. The electronic structure of Fe 3Sn is reported, as are some are magnetic and structural properties for the Fe 3Sn 2, and Fe 5Sn 3 compounds, which could be prepared as mm-sized single crystals.« less

Self induced gratings in ternary SiO2:SnO2:Na2O bulk glasses by UV light seeding.

PubMed

Lancry, M; Douay, M; Niay, P; Beclin, F; Menke, Y; Milanese, D; Ferraris, M; Poumellec, B

2005-09-05

The diffraction efficiency of gratings written in ternary SnO2:SiO2:Na2O bulk glasses rises dramatically with time after the occultation of the cw 244nm light used to write the thick hologram. This self-induced behavior lasts for several hours and ultimately leads to refractive index changes as high as 3 10-3.

HPLC method for determination of SN-38 content and SN-38 entrapment efficiency in a novel liposome-based formulation, LE-SN38.

PubMed

Xuan, Tong; Zhang, J Allen; Ahmad, Imran

2006-05-03

A simple HPLC method was developed for quantification of SN-38, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin, in a novel liposome-based formulation (LE-SN38). The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 (4.6 mmx250 mm, 5 microm) analytical column using a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of NaH2PO4 (pH 3.1, 25 mM) and acetonitrile (50:50, v/v). SN-38 was detected at UV wavelength of 265 nm and quantitatively determined using an external calibration method. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were found to be 0.05 and 0.25 microg/mL, respectively. The individual spike recovery of SN-38 ranged from 100 to 101%. The percent of relative standard deviation (%R.S.D.) of intra-day and inter-day analyses were less than 1.6%. The method validation results confirmed that the method is specific, linear, accurate, precise, robust and sensitive for its intended use. The current method was successfully applied to the determination of SN-38 content and drug entrapment efficiency in liposome-based formulation, LE-SN38 during early stage formulation development.

Large-Scale Surfactant-Free Synthesis of p-Type SnTe Nanoparticles for Thermoelectric Applications

PubMed Central

Han, Guang; Zhang, Ruizhi; Popuri, Srinivas R.; Greer, Heather F.; Reece, Michael J.; Bos, Jan-Willem G.; Zhou, Wuzong; Knox, Andrew R.; Gregory, Duncan H.

2017-01-01

A facile one-pot aqueous solution method has been developed for the fast and straightforward synthesis of SnTe nanoparticles in more than ten gram quantities per batch. The synthesis involves boiling an alkaline Na2SnO2 solution and a NaHTe solution for short time scales, in which the NaOH concentration and reaction duration play vital roles in controlling the phase purity and particle size, respectively. Spark plasma sintering of the SnTe nanoparticles produces nanostructured compacts that have a comparable thermoelectric performance to bulk counterparts synthesised by more time- and energy-intensive methods. This approach, combining an energy-efficient, surfactant-free solution synthesis with spark plasma sintering, provides a simple, rapid, and inexpensive route to p-type SnTe nanostructured materials. PMID:28772593

Charging properties of cassiterite (alfa-SnO2) surfaces

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rosenqvist, Jorgen K; Machesky, Michael L.; Vlcek, L.

The acid-base properties of cassiterite (alfa-SnO2) surfaces at 10 50 C were studied using potentiometric titrations of powder suspensions in aqueous NaCl and RbCl media. The proton sorption isotherms exhibited common intersection points in the pH-range 4.0 to 4.5 at all conditions and the magnitude of charging was similar but not identical in NaCl and RbCl. The hydrogen bonding configuration at the oxide-water interface, obtained from classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, was analyzed in detail and the results were explicitly incorporated in calculations of protonation constants for the reactive surface sites using the revised MUSIC model. The calculations indicated thatmore » the terminal SnOH2 group is more acidic than the bridging Sn2OH group, with protonation constants (log KH) of 3.60 and 5.13 at 25 C, respectively. This is contrary to the situation on the isostructural alfa-TiO2 (rutile), apparently due to the difference in electronegativity between Ti and Sn. MD simulations and speciation calculations indicated considerable differences in the speciation of Na+ and Rb+, despite the similarities in overall charging. Adsorbed sodium ions are almost exclusively found in bidentate surface complexes, while adsorbed rubidium ions form comparable amounts of bidentate and tetradentate complexes. Also, the distribution of adsorbed Na+ between the different complexes shows a considerable dependence on surface charge density (pH), while the distribution of adsorbed Rb+ is almost independent of pH. A Surface Complexation Model (SCM) capable of accurately describing both the measured surface charge and the MD predicted speciation of adsorbed Na+/Rb+ was formulated. According to the SCM, the deprotonated terminal group (SnOH-0.40) and the protonated bridging group (Sn2OH+0.36) dominate the surface speciation over the entire pH-range (2.7 10), illustrating the ability of positively and negatively charged surface groups to coexist. Complexation of the medium

Effect of Guest Atom Composition on the Structural and Vibrational Properties of the Type II Clathrate-Based Materials AxSi136, AxGe136 and AxSn136 (A = Na, K, Rb, Cs; 0 ≤ x ≤ 24).

PubMed

Xue, Dong; Myles, Charles W; Higgins, Craig

2016-08-11

Type II clathrates are interesting due to their potential thermoelectric applications. Powdered X-ray diffraction (XRD) data and density functional calculations for Na x Si 136 found a lattice contraction as x increases for 0 < x < 8 and an expansion as x increases for x > 8. This is explained by XRD data that shows that as x increases, the Si 28 cages are filled first for x < 8 and the Si 20 cages are then filled for x > 8. Motivated by this work, here we report the results of first-principles calculations of the structural and vibrational properties of the Type II clathrate compounds A x Si 136 , A x Ge 136 , and A x Sn 136 . We present results for the variation of the lattice constants, bulk moduli, and other structural parameters with x. These are contrasted for the Si, Ge, and Sn compounds and for guests A = Na, K, Rb, and Cs. We also present calculated results of phonon dispersion relations for Na₄Si 136 , Na₄Ge 136 , and Na₄Sn 136 and we compare these for the three materials. Finally, we present calculated results for the elastic constants in Na x Si 136 , Na x Ge 136 , and Na x Sn 136 for x = 4 and 8. These are compared for the three hosts, as well as for the two compositions.

Feasibility study for a secondary Na/S battery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abraham, K. M.; Schiff, R.; Brummer, S. B.

1979-01-01

The feasibility of a moderate temperature Na battery was studied. This battery is to operate at a temperature in the range of 100-150 C. Two kinds of cathode were investigated: (1) a soluble S cathode consisting of a solution of Na2Sn in an organic solvent and (2) an insoluble S cathode consisting of a transition metal dichalcogenide in contact with a Na(+)ion conducting electrolyte. Four amide solvents, dimethyl acetamide, diethyl acetamide, N-methyl acetamide and acetamide, were investigated as possible solvents for the soluble S cathode. Results of stability and electrochemical studies using these solvents are presented. The dialkyl substituted amides were found to be superior. Although the alcohol 1,3-cyclohexanediol was found to be stable in the presence of Na2Sn at 130 C, its Na2Sn solutions did not appear to have suitable electrochemical properties.

Low temperature thermoelectric properties of p-type doped single-crystalline SnSe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Si; Hui, Si; Peng, Kunling; Bailey, Trevor P.; Liu, Wei; Yan, Yonggao; Zhou, Xiaoyuan; Tang, Xinfeng; Uher, Ctirad

2018-04-01

SnSe single crystals have been widely studied lately as a result of their record high ZT and controversial low thermal conductivity. Much research has focused on the high-temperature properties of single crystals and polycrystalline SnSe, but few studies were carried out on the low-temperature properties of doped single-crystalline SnSe. To study the mechanism of the charge carrier and phonon scattering, and to eliminate the ambiguity of the high temperature thermal conductivity measurement, we performed low temperature transport characterization of Na-doped and Ag-doped single-crystalline SnSe by a longitudinal steady-state technique. The electronic transport property measurements suggest that Na is a more efficient p-type dopant in SnSe than Ag. In the thermal conductivity data, we observe pronounced dielectric peak around 10 K with magnitude dependent on the doping level. In the p-type doped samples, we found that our room temperature lattice thermal conductivities (>1.74 W m-1 K-1) are in general higher than those previously reported. Based on these findings, our study implies that the lattice thermal conductivity values of doped and pure single-crystalline SnSe were underestimated.

Fabrication of solar cells based on Cu2ZnSnS4 prepared from Cu2SnS3 synthesized using a novel chemical procedure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Correa, John M.; Becerra, Raúl A.; Ramírez, Asdrubal A.; Gordillo, Gerardo

2016-11-01

Solar cells based on kesterite-type Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films were fabricated using a chemical route to prepare the CZTS films, consisting in sequential deposition of Cu2SnS3 (CTS) and ZnS thin films followed by annealing at 550 °C in nitrogen atmosphere. The CTS compound was prepared in a one-step process using a novel chemical procedure consisting of simultaneous precipitation of Cu2S and SnS2 performed by diffusion membranes assisted CBD (chemical bath deposition) technique. Diffusion membranes were used to optimize the kinetic growth through a moderate control of release of metal ions into the work solution. As the conditions for the formation in one step of the Cu2SnS3 compound have not yet been reported in literature, special emphasis was put on finding the parameters that allow growing the Cu2SnS3 thin films by simultaneous precipitation of Cu2S and SnS2. For that, we propose a methodology that includes numerical solution of the equilibrium equations that were established through a study of the chemical equilibrium of the system SnCl2, Na3C6H5O7·2H2O, CuCl2 and Na2S2O3·5H2O. The formation of thin films of CTS and CZTS free of secondary phases grown with a stoichiometry close to that corresponding to the Cu2SnS3 and Cu2ZnSnS4 phases, was verified through measurements of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Solar cell with an efficiency of 4.2%, short circuit current of 16.2 mA/cm2 and open-circuit voltage of 0.49 V was obtained.

Smart Solution Chemistry to Sn-Containing Intermetallic Compounds through a Self-Disproportionation Process.

PubMed

Zhang, Yuelan; Li, Liping; Li, Qi; Fan, Jianming; Zheng, Jing; Li, Guangshe

2016-09-26

Developing new methods to synthesize intermetallics is one of the most critical issues for the discovery and application of multifunctional metal materials; however, the synthesis of Sn-containing intermetallics is challenging. In this work, we demonstrated for the first time that a self-disproportionation-induced in situ process produces cavernous Sn-Cu intermetallics (Cu3 Sn and Cu6 Sn5 ). The successful synthesis is realized by introducing inorganic metal salts (SnCl2 ⋅2 H2 O) to NaOH aqueous solution to form an intermediate product of reductant (Na2 SnO2 ) and by employing steam pressures that enhance the reduction ability. Distinct from the traditional in situ reduction, the current reduction process avoided the uncontrolled phase composition and excessive use of organic regents. An insight into the mechanism was revealed for the Sn-Cu case. Moreover, this method could be extended to other Sn-containing materials (Sn-Co, Sn-Ni). All these intermetallics were attempted in the catalytic effect on thermal decompositions of ammonium perchlorate. It is demonstrated that Cu3 Sn showed an outstanding catalytic performance. The superior property might be primarily originated from the intrinsic chemical compositions and cavernous morphology as well. We supposed that this smart solution reduction methodology reported here would provide a new recognition for the reduction reaction, and its modified strategy may be applied to the synthesis of other metals, intermetallics as well as some unknown materials. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Band alignment and p -type doping of ZnSnN2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Tianshi; Ni, Chaoying; Janotti, Anderson

2017-05-01

Composed of earth-abundant elements, ZnSnN2 is a promising semiconductor for photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical applications. However, basic properties such as the precise value of the band gap and the band alignment to other semiconductors are still unresolved. For instance, reported values for the band gap vary from 1.4 to 2.0 eV. In addition, doping in ZnSnN2 remains largely unexplored. Using density functional theory with the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof hybrid functional, we investigate the electronic structure of ZnSnN2, its band alignment to GaN and ZnO, and the possibility of p -type doping. We find that the position of the valence-band maximum of ZnSnN2 is 0.39 eV higher than that in GaN, yet the conduction-band minimum is close to that in ZnO, which suggests that achieving p -type conductivity is likely as in GaN, yet it may be difficult to control unintentional n -type conductivity as in ZnO. Among possible p -type dopants, we explore Li, Na, and K substituting on the Zn site. We show that while LiZn is a shallow acceptor, NaZn and KZn are deep acceptors, which we trace back to large local relaxations around the Na and K impurities due to the atomic size mismatches.

Design and synthesis of the superionic conductor Na10SnP2S12

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Richards, William D.; Tsujimura, Tomoyuki; Miara, Lincoln J.; Wang, Yan; Kim, Jae Chul; Ong, Shyue Ping; Uechi, Ichiro; Suzuki, Naoki; Ceder, Gerbrand

2016-03-01

Sodium-ion batteries are emerging as candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their low cost and the wide variety of cathode materials available. As battery size and adoption in critical applications increases, safety concerns are resurfacing due to the inherent flammability of organic electrolytes currently in use in both lithium and sodium battery chemistries. Development of solid-state batteries with ionic electrolytes eliminates this concern, while also allowing novel device architectures and potentially improving cycle life. Here we report the computation-assisted discovery and synthesis of a high-performance solid-state electrolyte material: Na10SnP2S12, with room temperature ionic conductivity of 0.4 mS cm-1 rivalling the conductivity of the best sodium sulfide solid electrolytes to date. We also computationally investigate the variants of this compound where tin is substituted by germanium or silicon and find that the latter may achieve even higher conductivity.

Design and synthesis of the superionic conductor Na10SnP2S12.

PubMed

Richards, William D; Tsujimura, Tomoyuki; Miara, Lincoln J; Wang, Yan; Kim, Jae Chul; Ong, Shyue Ping; Uechi, Ichiro; Suzuki, Naoki; Ceder, Gerbrand

2016-03-17

Sodium-ion batteries are emerging as candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their low cost and the wide variety of cathode materials available. As battery size and adoption in critical applications increases, safety concerns are resurfacing due to the inherent flammability of organic electrolytes currently in use in both lithium and sodium battery chemistries. Development of solid-state batteries with ionic electrolytes eliminates this concern, while also allowing novel device architectures and potentially improving cycle life. Here we report the computation-assisted discovery and synthesis of a high-performance solid-state electrolyte material: Na10SnP2S12, with room temperature ionic conductivity of 0.4 mS cm(-1) rivalling the conductivity of the best sodium sulfide solid electrolytes to date. We also computationally investigate the variants of this compound where tin is substituted by germanium or silicon and find that the latter may achieve even higher conductivity.

Design and synthesis of the superionic conductor Na10SnP2S12

PubMed Central

Richards, William D.; Tsujimura, Tomoyuki; Miara, Lincoln J.; Wang, Yan; Kim, Jae Chul; Ong, Shyue Ping; Uechi, Ichiro; Suzuki, Naoki; Ceder, Gerbrand

2016-01-01

Sodium-ion batteries are emerging as candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their low cost and the wide variety of cathode materials available. As battery size and adoption in critical applications increases, safety concerns are resurfacing due to the inherent flammability of organic electrolytes currently in use in both lithium and sodium battery chemistries. Development of solid-state batteries with ionic electrolytes eliminates this concern, while also allowing novel device architectures and potentially improving cycle life. Here we report the computation-assisted discovery and synthesis of a high-performance solid-state electrolyte material: Na10SnP2S12, with room temperature ionic conductivity of 0.4 mS cm−1 rivalling the conductivity of the best sodium sulfide solid electrolytes to date. We also computationally investigate the variants of this compound where tin is substituted by germanium or silicon and find that the latter may achieve even higher conductivity. PMID:26984102

7 CFR 1260.118 - Cattle.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cattle. 1260.118 Section 1260.118 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1260.118 Cattle. Cattle means live domesticated bovine animals...

7 CFR 1150.118 - Marketing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Marketing. 1150.118 Section 1150.118 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... Order Definitions § 1150.118 Marketing. Marketing means the sale or other disposition in commerce of...

7 CFR 1150.118 - Marketing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Marketing. 1150.118 Section 1150.118 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... Order Definitions § 1150.118 Marketing. Marketing means the sale or other disposition in commerce of...

7 CFR 1150.118 - Marketing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Marketing. 1150.118 Section 1150.118 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... Order Definitions § 1150.118 Marketing. Marketing means the sale or other disposition in commerce of...

7 CFR 1150.118 - Marketing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Marketing. 1150.118 Section 1150.118 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... Order Definitions § 1150.118 Marketing. Marketing means the sale or other disposition in commerce of...

7 CFR 1150.118 - Marketing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Marketing. 1150.118 Section 1150.118 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... Order Definitions § 1150.118 Marketing. Marketing means the sale or other disposition in commerce of...

40 CFR 98.118 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 98.118 Section 98.118 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Ferroalloy Production § 98.118 Definitions. All terms used of this subpart have the...

7 CFR 900.118 - Costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Costs. 900.118 Section 900.118 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and... Meetings To Arbitrate and Mediate Disputes Relating to Sales of Milk or Its Products § 900.118 Costs. The...

Nano SnO 2-Al 2O 3 mixed oxide and SnO 2-Al 2O 3-carbon composite oxides as new and novel electrodes for supercapacitor applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jayalakshmi, M.; Venugopal, N.; Raja, K. Phani; Rao, M. Mohan

New nano-materials like SnO 2-Al 2O 3 and SnO 2-Al 2O 3-carbon were synthesized by a single step hydrothermal method in searching for novel mixed oxides with high electrochemical double layer capacitance. A SnO 2-Al 2O 3-carbon sample was calcined at 600 °C and tested for its performance. The source of carbon was tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide. The capacitive behavior of SnO 2 was compared to the performance of SnO 2-Al 2O 3, SnO 2-Al 2O 3-carbon and calcined SnO 2-Al 2O 3-carbon using the techniques of cyclic voltammetry, double potential step, chronopotentiometry and E-log I polarization. In 0.1 M NaCl solutions, SnO 2-Al 2O 3 gave the best performance with a value of 119 Fg -1 and cycled 1000 times. The nano-material mixed oxides were characterized by TEM, XRD, ICP-AES and SEM-EDAX.

31 CFR 11.8 - Reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Reports. 11.8 Section 11.8 Money and... FEDERAL PROPERTY UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY § 11.8 Reports. This section... each fiscal year, each property managing bureau shall submit a report to the Director, Office of...

31 CFR 11.8 - Reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Reports. 11.8 Section 11.8 Money and... FEDERAL PROPERTY UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY § 11.8 Reports. This section... each fiscal year, each property managing bureau shall submit a report to the Director, Office of...

31 CFR 11.8 - Reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Reports. 11.8 Section 11.8 Money and... FEDERAL PROPERTY UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY § 11.8 Reports. This section... each fiscal year, each property managing bureau shall submit a report to the Director, Office of...

Structural characterizations of pure SnS and In-doped SnS thin films using isotropic and anisotropic models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kafashan, Hosein

2018-04-01

An electrochemical route has been employed to prepare pure SnS and indium-doped SnS thin films. Six samples including undoped SnS and In-doped SnS thin films deposited on the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates. An aqueous solution having SnCl2 and Na2S2O3 used as the primary electrolyte. Different In-doped SnS samples were prepared by adding a different amount of 1 mM InCl3 solution into the first electrolyte. The applied potential (E), time of deposition (t), pH and bath temperature (T) were kept at ‑1 V, 30 min, 2.1 and 60 °C, respectively. For all samples, except the In-dopant concentration, all the deposition parameters are the same. After preparation, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX) attachment, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to determine structural properties of as-deposited films. XRD patterns revealed that the synthesized undoped- and In-doped SnS thin films were crystallized in the orthorhombic structure. The shape of SnS crystals was spherical in the TEM image. X-ray peak broadening studies was done by applying Scherrer’s method, Williamson-Hall (W–H) models (including uniform deformation model (UDM), uniform strain deformation model (UDSM), and uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM)), and size-strain plot (SSP) method. Using these techniques, the crystallite size and the lattice strains have been predicted. There was a good agreement in the particle size achieved by W–H- and SSP methods with TEM image.

SODIUM ABSORPTION SYSTEMS TOWARD SN Ia 2014J ORIGINATE ON INTERSTELLAR SCALES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maeda, K.; Nogami, D.; Tajitsu, A.

2016-01-10

Na i D absorbing systems toward Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) have been intensively studied over the last decade with the aim of finding circumstellar material (CSM), which is an indirect probe of the progenitor system. However, it is difficult to deconvolve CSM components from non-variable, and often dominant, components created by interstellar material (ISM). We present a series of high-resolution spectra of SN Ia 2014J from before maximum brightness to ≳250 days after maximum brightness. The late-time spectrum provides unique information for determining the origin of the Na i D absorption systems. The deep late-time observation allows us to probe the environment around themore » SN at a large scale, extending to ≳40 pc. We find that a spectrum of diffuse light in the vicinity, but not directly in the line of sight, of the SN has absorbing systems nearly identical to those obtained for the “pure” SN line of sight. Therefore, basically all Na i D systems seen toward SN 2014J must originate from foreground material that extends to at least ∼40 pc in projection and none at the CSM scale. A fluctuation in the column densities at a scale of ∼20 pc is also identified. After subtracting the diffuse, “background” spectrum, the late-time Na i D profile along the SN line of sight is consistent with profiles near maximum brightness. The lack of variability on a ∼1 year timescale is consistent with the ISM interpretation for the gas.« less

Na-glutamine co-transporters B(0)AT1 in villus and SN2 in crypts are differentially altered in chronically inflamed rabbit intestine.

PubMed

Saha, Prosenjit; Arthur, Subha; Kekuda, Ramesh; Sundaram, Uma

2012-03-01

Glutamine is a major nutrient utilized by the intestinal epithelium and is primarily assimilated via Na-glutamine co-transport (NGcT) on the brush border membrane (BBM) of enterocytes. Recently we reported that B(0)AT1 (SLC6A19) mediates glutamine absorption in villus while SN2 (SLC38A5) does the same in crypt cells. However, how B(0)AT1 and SN2 are affected during intestinal inflammation is unknown. In the present study it was shown that during chronic enteritis NGcT was inhibited in villus cells, however, it was stimulated in crypt cells. Our studies also demonstrated that the mechanism of inhibition of NGcT during chronic enteritis was secondary to a reduction in the number of B(0)AT1 co-transporters in the villus cell BBM without a change in the affinity of the co-transporter. In contrast, stimulation of NGcT in crypt cells was secondary to an increase in the affinity of SN2 for glutamine without an alteration in the number of co-transporters. Thus, glutamine assimilation which occurs via distinct transporters in crypt and villus cells is altered in the chronically inflamed intestine. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

48 CFR 18.118 - Trade agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Trade agreements. 18.118 Section 18.118 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACTING METHODS AND CONTRACT TYPES EMERGENCY ACQUISITIONS Available Acquisition Flexibilities 18.118 Trade agreements...

STS118-S-073

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-08-21

STS118-S-073 (21 Aug. 2007) --- NASA Administrator Michael Griffin (center in white shirt) and other NASA managers give thumbs up signals to the crew of the Space Shuttle Endeavour shortly after its touchdown August 21, 2007, at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, concluding STS-118. Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls

7 CFR 1956.118 - Approval authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Approval authority. 1956.118 Section 1956.118 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Community and Business Programs § 1956.118...

No Evidence of Circumstellar Gas Surrounding Type Ia Supernova SN 2017cbv

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferretti, Raphael; Amanullah, Rahman; Bulla, Mattia; Goobar, Ariel; Johansson, Joel; Lundqvist, Peter

2017-12-01

Nearby type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), such as SN 2017cbv, are useful events to address the question of what the elusive progenitor systems of the explosions are. Hosseinzadeh et al. suggested that the early blue excess of the light curve of SN 2017cbv could be due to the supernova ejecta interacting with a non-degenerate companion star. Some SN Ia progenitor models suggest the existence of circumstellar (CS) environments in which strong outflows create low-density cavities of different radii. Matter deposited at the edges of the cavities should be at distances at which photoionization due to early ultraviolet (UV) radiation of SNe Ia causes detectable changes to the observable Na I D and Ca II H&K absorption lines. To study possible narrow absorption lines from such material, we obtained a time series of high-resolution spectra of SN 2017cbv at phases between ‑14.8 and +83 days with respect to B-band maximum, covering the time at which photoionization is predicted to occur. Both narrow Na I D and Ca II H&K are detected in all spectra, with no measurable changes between the epochs. We use photoionization models to rule out the presence of Na I and Ca II gas clouds along the line of sight of SN 2017cbv between ∼8 × 1016–2 × 1019 cm and ∼1015–1017 cm, respectively. Assuming typical abundances, the mass of a homogeneous spherical CS gas shell with radius R must be limited to {M}{{H} {{I}}}{CSM}< 3× {10}-4× {(R/{10}17[{cm}])}2 {M}ȯ . The bounds point to progenitor models that deposit little gas in their CS environment.

49 CFR 176.118 - Electrical requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Electrical requirement. 176.118 Section 176.118... Requirements for Class 1 (Explosive) Materials Stowage § 176.118 Electrical requirement. (a) Electrical... person. (b) Electrical equipment and cables in a cargo space in which Class 1 (explosive) materials are...

49 CFR 176.118 - Electrical requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Electrical requirement. 176.118 Section 176.118... Requirements for Class 1 (Explosive) Materials Stowage § 176.118 Electrical requirement. (a) Electrical... person. (b) Electrical equipment and cables in a cargo space in which Class 1 (explosive) materials are...

49 CFR 176.118 - Electrical requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Electrical requirement. 176.118 Section 176.118... Requirements for Class 1 (Explosive) Materials Stowage § 176.118 Electrical requirement. (a) Electrical... person. (b) Electrical equipment and cables in a cargo space in which Class 1 (explosive) materials are...

49 CFR 176.118 - Electrical requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Electrical requirement. 176.118 Section 176.118... Requirements for Class 1 (Explosive) Materials Stowage § 176.118 Electrical requirement. (a) Electrical... person. (b) Electrical equipment and cables in a cargo space in which Class 1 (explosive) materials are...

49 CFR 176.118 - Electrical requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Electrical requirement. 176.118 Section 176.118... Requirements for Class 1 (Explosive) Materials Stowage § 176.118 Electrical requirement. (a) Electrical... person. (b) Electrical equipment and cables in a cargo space in which Class 1 (explosive) materials are...

19 CFR 118.3 - Written agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Written agreement. 118.3 Section 118.3 Customs... CENTRALIZED EXAMINATION STATIONS General Provisions § 118.3 Written agreement. The applicant tentatively selected to operate a CES must sign a written agreement with Customs before commencing operations. Failure...

19 CFR 118.3 - Written agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Written agreement. 118.3 Section 118.3 Customs... CENTRALIZED EXAMINATION STATIONS General Provisions § 118.3 Written agreement. The applicant tentatively selected to operate a CES must sign a written agreement with CBP before commencing operations. Failure to...

7 CFR 1.18 - Fee schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Fee schedule. 1.18 Section 1.18 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS Official Records § 1.18 Fee schedule. Pursuant to § 2.28 of this title, the Chief Financial Officer is delegated authority to promulgate regulations...

46 CFR 118.300 - Fire pumps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fire pumps. 118.300 Section 118.300 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS CARRYING MORE THAN 150 PASSENGERS OR WITH OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Main System § 118.300...

21 CFR 133.118 - Colby cheese.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Colby cheese. 133.118 Section 133.118 Food and... CONSUMPTION CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products § 133.118 Colby cheese. (a) Colby cheese is the food prepared from milk and other ingredients...

46 CFR 118.300 - Fire pumps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire pumps. 118.300 Section 118.300 Shipping COAST GUARD... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Main System § 118.300 Fire pumps. (a) A self priming, power driven fire pump must be installed on each vessel. (b) On a...

33 CFR 118.130 - Fog signals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Fog signals. 118.130 Section 118... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.130 Fog signals. On waterways where visibility is frequently reduced due... more fog signals to warn the navigator of the presence of the bridge. The fog signals must conform to...

33 CFR 118.130 - Fog signals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fog signals. 118.130 Section 118... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.130 Fog signals. On waterways where visibility is frequently reduced due... more fog signals to warn the navigator of the presence of the bridge. The fog signals must conform to...

33 CFR 118.130 - Fog signals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Fog signals. 118.130 Section 118... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.130 Fog signals. On waterways where visibility is frequently reduced due... more fog signals to warn the navigator of the presence of the bridge. The fog signals must conform to...

33 CFR 118.130 - Fog signals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Fog signals. 118.130 Section 118... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.130 Fog signals. On waterways where visibility is frequently reduced due... more fog signals to warn the navigator of the presence of the bridge. The fog signals must conform to...

33 CFR 118.130 - Fog signals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Fog signals. 118.130 Section 118... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.130 Fog signals. On waterways where visibility is frequently reduced due... more fog signals to warn the navigator of the presence of the bridge. The fog signals must conform to...

46 CFR 118.400 - Where required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Where required. 118.400 Section 118.400 Shipping COAST... Extinguishing and Detecting Systems § 118.400 Where required. (a) The following spaces must be equipped with a... unoccupied space with a gross volume of not more than 170 cubic meters (6,000 cubic feet); (2) A pre...

46 CFR 118.600 - Fire axe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire axe. 118.600 Section 118.600 Shipping COAST GUARD... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Additional Equipment § 118.600 Fire axe. A vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must have at least one fire axe...

No evidence of reduced collectivity in Coulomb-excited Sn isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, R.; Saxena, M.; Doornenbal, P.; Jhingan, A.; Banerjee, A.; Bhowmik, R. K.; Dutt, S.; Garg, R.; Joshi, C.; Mishra, V.; Napiorkowski, P. J.; Prajapati, S.; Söderström, P.-A.; Kumar, N.; Wollersheim, H.-J.

2017-11-01

In a series of Coulomb excitation experiments the first excited 2+ states in semimagic Sn 112 ,116 ,118 ,120 ,122 ,124 isotopes were excited using a 58Ni beam at safe Coulomb energy. The B (E 2 ; 0+→2+) values were determined with high precision (˜3 %) relative to 58Ni projectile excitation. These results disagree with previously reported B (E 2 ↑) values [A. Jungclaus et al., Phys. Lett. B 695, 110 (2011)., 10.1016/j.physletb.2010.11.012] extracted from Doppler-shift attenuation lifetime measurements, whereas the reported mass dependence of B (E 2 ↑) values is very similar to a recent Coulomb excitation study [J. M. Allmond et al., Phys. Rev. C 92, 041303(R) (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevC.92.041303]. The stable Sn isotopes, key nuclei in nuclear structure, show no evidence of reduced collectivity and we, thus, reconfirm the nonsymmetric behavior of reduced transition probabilities with respect to the midshell A =116 .

Dopant controlled photoinduced hydrophilicity and photocatalytic activity of SnO2 thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Talinungsang; Dhar Purkayastha, Debarun; Krishna, M. Ghanashyam

2018-07-01

The influence of Fe and Ni (1 wt.%) doping on the wettability and photocatalytic activity of sol-gel derived SnO2 films is reported. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the presence of tetragonal phase for both pure and doped SnO2 thin films. The crystallite size was of the order of 8 nm indicating the nanocrystalline nature of the films. The pure SnO2 films which were hydrophilic with a contact angle of 11.8° showed increase in contact angle with doping (38.7° for Fe and 48.6° for Ni). This is accompanied by decrease in surface energy and root mean square roughness, with doping of SnO2 film. In order to further increase the water contact angle, the film surfaces were modified using a layer of stearic acid. As a consequence, the water contact angles increased to 108°, 110° and 111° for the pure, Fe and Ni doped SnO2 films respectively, rendering them hydrophobic. Significantly, the unmodified surfaces that did not exhibit any change under UV irradiation showed photoinduced hydrophilicity on modification with stearic acid. There was a red-shift in the optical band gap of SnO2 films from 3.8 to 3.5 eV with doping, indicating the possibility of dopant controlled photocatalytic activity. This was confirmed by observing the photocatalytic degradation of an aqueous solution of methylene blue under UV irradiation. There was, indeed, significant improvement in the photocatalytic efficiency of the metal doped SnO2 thin film in comparison to undoped film. The current work, thus, demonstrates a simple method to chemically engineer the wettability and photocatalytic activity of SnO2 thin film surfaces.

A yield-optimized access to double-helical SnIP via a Sn/SnI2 approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Utrap, André; Xiang, Ng Yan; Nilges, Tom

2017-10-01

Herein we report on the optimized synthesis process of SnIP, the first inorganic double helix compound which shows high mechanical flexibility, a strong tendency for cleavage or delamination and intriguing electronic properties. In this work we analyzed the influence of SnI2 as a reaction promotor or mineralizer compound for the synthesis of SnIP. In previous studies Sn/SnI4 was used as a precursor and chemical transport agent for the SnIP synthesis but significant amounts of non-reacted tin halide (SnI2 and SnI4) remained after the formation of the target compound reducing its quality and yield. Significantly less tin halide residue can be observed which suggests a reduction of side-reactions. While the Sn/SnI4 couple works perfectly for the synthesis of the two-dimensional material phosphorene precursor black phosphorus the Sn/SnI2 couple is beneficial for the one-dimensional ternary polyphosphide SnIP. These results strongly encourage the theory of SnI2 as the important reaction intermediate in the synthesis of covalently-bonded polyphosphide substructures and element allotropes at elevated temperatures.

Investigation on localized corrosion of 304 stainless steel joints brazed using Sn-plated Ag alloy filler in NaCl aqueous solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xingxing; Li, Shuai; Peng, Jin

2018-03-01

Novel AgCuZnSn filler metal with high Sn contents was prepared from BAg50CuZn filler metal by a process of electroplating and thermal diffusion, and the prepared filler metal was applied to induction brazing of 304 stainless steel. The corrosion behavior of the brazed joints was evaluated based on localized corrosion analysis, the morphology of the joints were analyzed by SEM after immersion in a 3.5 vol% NaCl aqueous solution. The results indicated that corrosion groove occurred near the interface between the stainless steel base metal and the brazing seam. A wide range of defects such as holes and cracks appeared on the surface of the base metal, while the brazing seam zone almost no corrosion defects occur. With the increase of corrosion time, the corrosion rates of both the brazing seam and the base metal first exhibited an increasing trend, followed by a decreasing trend, and the corrosion rate of the base metal was slightly greater than that of the brazing seam. The corrosion potential of the brazing seam and 304 stainless steel were -0.7758 V and -0.7863 V, respectively.

Multisource Synergistic Electrocatalytic Oxidation Effect of Strongly Coupled PdM (M = Sn, Pb)/N-doped Graphene Nanocomposite on Small Organic Molecules

PubMed Central

Wu, Peng; Huang, Yiyin; Kang, Longtian; Wu, Maoxiang; Wang, Yaobing

2015-01-01

A series of palladium-based catalysts of metal alloying (Sn, Pb) and/or (N-doped) graphene support with regular enhanced electrocatalytic activity were investigated. The peak current density (118.05 mA cm−2) of PdSn/NG is higher than the sum current density (45.63 + 47.59 mA cm−2) of Pd/NG and PdSn/G. It reveals a synergistic electrocatalytic oxidation effect in PdSn/N-doped graphene Nanocomposite. Extend experiments show this multisource synergetic catalytic effect of metal alloying and N-doped graphene support in one catalyst on small organic molecule (methanol, ethanol and Ethylene glycol) oxidation is universal in PdM(M = Sn, Pb)/NG catalysts. Further, The high dispersion of small nanoparticles, the altered electron structure and Pd(0)/Pd(II) ratio of Pd in catalysts induced by strong coupled the metal alloying and N-doped graphene are responsible for the multisource synergistic catalytic effect in PdM(M = Sn, Pb) /NG catalysts. Finally, the catalytic durability and stability are also greatly improved. PMID:26434949

In situ imaging of the soldering reactions in nanoscale Cu/Sn/Cu and Sn/Cu/Sn diffusion couples

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yin, Qiyue; Gao, Fan; Gu, Zhiyong; Wang, Jirui; Stach, Eric A.; Zhou, Guangwen

2018-01-01

The soldering reactions of three-segmented Sn/Cu/Sn and Cu/Sn/Cu diffusion couples are monitored by in-situ transmission electron microscopy to reveal the metallurgical reaction mechanism and the associated phase transformation pathway. For Sn/Cu/Sn diffusion couples, there is no ɛ-Cu3Sn formation due to the relatively insufficient Cu as compared to Sn. Kirkendall voids form initially in the Cu segment and then disappear due to the volume expansion associated with the continued intermetallic compound (IMC) formation as the reaction progresses. The incoming Sn atoms react with Cu to form η-Cu6Sn5, and the continuous reaction then transforms the entire nanowire to η-Cu6Sn5 grains with remaining Sn. With continued heating slightly above the melting point of Sn, an Sn-rich liquid phase forms between η-Cu6Sn5 grains. By contrast, the reaction in the Cu/Sn/Cu diffusion couples results in the intermetallic phases of both Cu3Sn and Cu6Sn5 and the development of Cu6Sn5 bulges on Cu3Sn grains. Kirkendall voids form in the two Cu segments, which grow and eventually break the nanowire into multiple segments.

7 CFR 1280.118 - Promotion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... information and public relations with emphasis on new marketing strategies, to present a favorable image of U... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Promotion. 1280.118 Section 1280.118 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS...

9 CFR 3.118 - Handling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Handling. 3.118 Section 3.118 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Marine...

9 CFR 3.118 - Handling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Handling. 3.118 Section 3.118 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Marine...

9 CFR 3.118 - Handling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Handling. 3.118 Section 3.118 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Marine...

9 CFR 3.118 - Handling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Handling. 3.118 Section 3.118 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Marine...

9 CFR 3.118 - Handling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Handling. 3.118 Section 3.118 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Marine...

Formation of medical radioisotopes 111In, 117 m Sn, 124Sb, and 177Lu in photonuclear reactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Danagulyan, A. S.; Hovhannisyan, G. H.; Bakhshiyan, T. M.; Avagyan, R. H.; Avetisyan, A. E.; Kerobyan, I. A.; Dallakyan, R. K.

2015-06-01

The possibility of the photonuclear production of radioisotopes 111In, 117 m Sn, 124Sb, and 177Lu is discussed. Reaction yields were measured by the gamma-activation method. The enriched tin isotopes 112, 118Sn and Te and HfO2 of natural isotopic composition were used as targets. The targets were irradiated at the linear electron accelerator of Alikhanian National Science Laboratory (Yerevan) at the energy of 40 MeV. The experimental results obtained in this way reveal that the yield and purity of radioisotopes 111In and 117 mSn are acceptable for their production via photonuclear reactions. Reactions proceeding on targets from Te and HfO2 of natural isotopic composition and leading to the formation of 124Sb and 177Lu have small yields and are hardly appropriate for the photoproduction of these radioisotopes even in the case of enriched targets.

The Structural Changes of the Sn(y)OX Thin Films Under Influence of Heat Treament

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vong, V.

2001-04-01

Composite oxide Sn(y) Ox made by thermal oxidation of the Sn(y)-bimetal thin films, in which y is the doped-materials as well as Sb, Ag or Pd. The Sn(y)-bimetal thin films have been made by evaporation in high vacuum onto NaCl-monocrystall and optical glass substrates. In the work the tin and the doped material (y) were put on two different boats and then both the boats were simultaniously heated to evaporate. The Sn(y)Ox thin films were annealed at the differential temperatures. The structural changes of its have been investigated by using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope.

SnO2 promoted by alkali metal oxides for soot combustion: The effects of surface oxygen mobility and abundance on the activity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rao, Cheng; Shen, Jiating; Wang, Fumin; Peng, Honggen; Xu, Xianglan; Zhan, Hangping; Fang, Xiuzhong; Liu, Jianjun; Liu, Wenming; Wang, Xiang

2018-03-01

In this study, SnO2-based catalysts promoted by different alkali metal oxides with a Sn/M (M = Li, Na, K, Cs) molar ratio of 9/1 have been prepared for soot combustion. In comparison with the un-modified SnO2 support, the activity of the modified catalysts has been evidently enhanced, following the sequence of CsSn1-9 > KSn1-9 > NaSn1-9 > LiSn1-9 > SnO2. As testified by Raman, H2-TPR, soot-TPR-MS, XPS and O2-TPD results, the incorporation of various alkali metal oxides can induce the formation of more abundant and mobile oxygen species on the surface of the catalysts. Moreover, quantified results have proved that the amount of the surface active oxygen species is nearly proportional to the activity of the catalysts. CsSn1-9, the catalyst promoted by cesium oxide, owns the largest amount of surface mobile oxygen species, thus having the highest activity among all the studied catalysts. It is concluded that the amount of surface active and mobile oxygen species is the major factor determining the activity of the catalysts for soot combustion.

40 CFR 51.118 - Stack height provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Stack height provisions. 51.118 Section 51.118 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS REQUIREMENTS FOR PREPARATION, ADOPTION, AND SUBMITTAL OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Control Strategy § 51.118 Stack...

SSB-1 of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a nucleolar-specific, silver-binding protein that is associated with the snR10 and snR11 small nuclear RNAs

PubMed Central

1990-01-01

SSB-1, the yeast single-strand RNA-binding protein, is demonstrated to be a yeast nucleolar-specific, silver-binding protein. In double-label immunofluorescence microscopy experiments antibodies to two other nucleolar proteins, RNA Pol I 190-kD and fibrillarin, were used to reveal the site of rRNA transcription; i.e., the fibrillar region of the nucleolus. SSB-1 colocalized with fibrillarin in a double-label immunofluorescence mapping experiment to the yeast nucleolus. SSB-1 is located, though, over a wider region of the nucleolus than the transcription site marker. Immunoprecipitations of yeast cell extracts with the SSB-1 antibody reveal that in 150 mM NaCl SSB-1 is bound to two small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). These yeast snRNAs are snR10 and snR11, with snR10 being predominant. Since snR10 has been implicated in pre-rRNA processing, the association of SSB-1 and snR10 into a nucleolar snRNP particle indicates SSB-1 involvement in rRNA processing as well. Also, another yeast protein, SSB-36-kD, isolated by single- strand DNA chromatography, is shown to bind silver under the conditions used for nucleolar-specific staining. It is, most likely, another yeast nucleolar protein. PMID:2121740

32 CFR 644.118 - Awards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Awards. 644.118 Section 644.118 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY (CONTINUED) REAL PROPERTY REAL ESTATE HANDBOOK... satisfactory, e.g., the history of past awards at this project or in the same judicial district, the basis used...

Treatment of nanowaste via fast crystal growth: with recycling of nano-SnO2 from electroplating sludge as a study case.

PubMed

Zhuang, Zanyong; Xu, Xinjiang; Wang, Yongjing; Wang, Yandi; Huang, Feng; Lin, Zhang

2012-04-15

The treatment of industrial sludge containing amorphous/nanophase metal oxides or hydroxides is one of the vital issues in hazardous waste disposal. In this work, we developed a strategy to recycle nano-SnO(2) from tinplate electroplating sludge. It revealed that the major components of this sludge were acid soluble Sn and Fe amorphous phases. By introducing NaOH as a mineralizer, a fast growth of amorphous Sn compound into acid-insoluble SnO(2) nanowires was achieved selectively. Thus, the as-formed nano-SnO(2) could be recycled via dissolving other solid compositions in the sludge by using acid. The role of NaOH on accelerating both the Oriented Attachment (OA) and Ostwald Ripening (OR) growth of SnO(2) was discussed, which was regarded as a critical factor for treating the sludge. A pilot-scale experiment was conducted to treat 2.3 kg original sludge and the recycling of about 90 g nano-SnO(2) was achieved. We anticipate this work can provide a good example for the recycling of valuable metals from industrial sludge containing fine metal oxides or hydroxides. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

33 CFR 118.140 - Painting bridge piers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Painting bridge piers. 118.140 Section 118.140 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.140 Painting bridge piers. The District Commander may require...

14 CFR 1245.118 - Record of decisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Record of decisions. 1245.118 Section 1245.118 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION PATENTS AND OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS Patent Waiver Regulations § 1245.118 Record of decisions. The findings of fact and...

14 CFR 1245.118 - Record of decisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Record of decisions. 1245.118 Section 1245.118 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION PATENTS AND OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS Patent Waiver Regulations § 1245.118 Record of decisions. The findings of fact and...

48 CFR 1371.118 - Changes-ship repair.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Changes-ship repair. 1371.118 Section 1371.118 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE DEPARTMENT SUPPLEMENTAL REGULATIONS ACQUISITIONS INVOLVING SHIP CONSTRUCTION AND SHIP REPAIR Provisions and Clauses 1371.118 Changes—ship repair. Insert clause...

33 CFR 118.140 - Painting bridge piers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Painting bridge piers. 118.140 Section 118.140 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.140 Painting bridge piers. The District Commander may require...

Enhancement of Thermoelectric Properties in SnTe with (Ag, In) Co-Doping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, J. Q.; Yang, N.; Li, S. M.; Li, Y.; Liu, F. S.; Ao, W. Q.

2018-01-01

A lead-free SnTe compound shows good electrical property but high thermal conductivity, resulting in a low figure-of-merit ZT. We present a significant enhancement of the thermoelectric properties of p-type SnTe with (Ag, In) co-doping. The Ag and In co-doped Sn1-2 x Ag x In x Te ( x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05) are prepared by melting, quenching and spark plasma sintering. A homogeneous NaCl-type SnTe-based solid solution forms in the alloys at low Ag and In content ( x ≤ 0.02), while a AgInTe2 minor secondary phase precipitates for higher x. Similar to In doping, the introduction of Ag and In at Sn sites in SnTe considerably increases the Seebeck coefficient and power factor by creating resonant levels near the Fermi energy. In addition, the Ag and In solute atoms in the SnTe-based solid solution and the minor secondary phase AgInTe2 enhance phonon scattering and thus significantly reduce the carrier and lattice thermal conductivity. Ag and In co-doping shows a collective advantage on the overall thermoelectric performance of SnTe or In-doped SnTe. A maximum ZT of 1.23 at 873 K and average ZT of 0.58 can be obtained in the alloy Sn1-2 x Ag x In x Te with x = 0.03.

Effect of Sn addition on the corrosion behavior of Ti-7Cu-Sn cast alloys for biomedical applications.

PubMed

Tsao, L C

2015-01-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Sn content on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of Ti7CuXSn (x=0-5 wt.%) samples. The corrosion tests were carried out in 0.9 wt.% NaCl solution at 25 °C. The electrochemical corrosion behavior of the Ti7CuXSn alloy samples was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and equivalent circuit analysis. The resulting impedance parameters and polarization curves showed that adding Sn improved the electrochemical corrosion behavior of the Ti7CuXSn alloy. The Ti7CuXSn alloy samples were composed of a dual-layer oxide consisting of an inner barrier layer and an outer porous layer. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Preparation of MgO-SnO2-TiO2 Materials and Their Corrosion in Na3AlF6-AlF3-K3AlF6 Bath

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Yibiao; Li, Yawei; Sang, Shaobai; Ren, Bo; Qin, Qingwei; Yang, Jianhong

2015-01-01

New types of refractory materials need to be developed for designing the so-called ledge-free sidewalls of the Hall-Héroult cell for aluminum extraction, which are currently constructed using Si3N4 bonded SiC refractories. In the present paper, MgO-based materials as potential candidate sidewalls were prepared using fused magnesia, tin dioxide, and anatase powder as starting materials. The reaction sintering process of the MgO-SnO2-TiO2 materials was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM). All the specimens were corroded in a Na3AlF6-AlF3-K3AlF6 bath to assess the electrolyte corrosion resistance. The results show that reaction sintering occurs in the MgO-SnO2-TiO2 system in the range of 1373 K to 1873 K (1100 °C to 1600 °C). Firstly, MgO reacts separately with TiO2 and SnO2 to produce the Mg2TiO4 and Mg2SnO4 phases at 1373 K (1100 °C), which in turn react to form the Mg2Ti x Sn1-x O4 composite spinel at temperatures above 1373 K (1100 °C). All the specimens prepared are composed of the composite spinel and periclase phases. Increasing the SnO2 addition from 2 to 10 wt pct enhances densification of the specimens, which is accompanied by the formation of homogeneously distributed composite spinels in the MgO matrix, but the density of the specimen decreases when the amount of SnO2 added is higher than 10 wt pct due to larger volume expansion and agglomeration of the composite spinel. The MgO-SnO2-TiO2 refractories prepared exhibit good corrosion resistance to the electrolyte melts owing to their high density and formation of the composite spinel in the specimens. Their corrosion resistance increases progressively with the increase in the SnO2 addition owing to the formation of more chemically stable composite spinel.

21 CFR 20.118 - Advisory committee records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Advisory committee records. 20.118 Section 20.118 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PUBLIC INFORMATION Availability of Specific Categories of Records § 20.118 Advisory committee records. All advisory...

21 CFR 118.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 118.3 Section 118.3 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN... interpretations of terms in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the FFDCA) (21 U.S.C. 321...

21 CFR 118.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Definitions. 118.3 Section 118.3 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN... interpretations of terms in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the FFDCA) (21 U.S.C. 321...

21 CFR 118.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Definitions. 118.3 Section 118.3 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN... interpretations of terms in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the FFDCA) (21 U.S.C. 321...

21 CFR 118.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Definitions. 118.3 Section 118.3 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN... interpretations of terms in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the FFDCA) (21 U.S.C. 321...

21 CFR 118.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Definitions. 118.3 Section 118.3 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN... interpretations of terms in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the FFDCA) (21 U.S.C. 321...

32 CFR 724.118 - Documentary discharge review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Documentary discharge review. 724.118 Section 724.118 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Definitions § 724.118 Documentary discharge review. A formal session of the NDRB convened for the purpose of reviewing, on the...

32 CFR 724.118 - Documentary discharge review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Documentary discharge review. 724.118 Section 724.118 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Definitions § 724.118 Documentary discharge review. A formal session of the NDRB convened for the purpose of reviewing, on the...

32 CFR 724.118 - Documentary discharge review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Documentary discharge review. 724.118 Section 724.118 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Definitions § 724.118 Documentary discharge review. A formal session of the NDRB convened for the purpose of reviewing, on the...

32 CFR 724.118 - Documentary discharge review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Documentary discharge review. 724.118 Section 724.118 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Definitions § 724.118 Documentary discharge review. A formal session of the NDRB convened for the purpose of reviewing, on the...

32 CFR 724.118 - Documentary discharge review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Documentary discharge review. 724.118 Section 724.118 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Definitions § 724.118 Documentary discharge review. A formal session of the NDRB convened for the purpose of reviewing, on the...

29 CFR 825.116-825.118 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false [Reserved] 825.116-825.118 Section 825.116-825.118 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OTHER LAWS THE FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993 Coverage Under the Family and Medical Leave Act §§ 825.116-825.118...

29 CFR 825.116-825.118 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false [Reserved] 825.116-825.118 Section 825.116-825.118 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OTHER LAWS THE FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993 Coverage Under the Family and Medical Leave Act §§ 825.116-825.118...

29 CFR 825.116-825.118 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false [Reserved] 825.116-825.118 Section 825.116-825.118 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OTHER LAWS THE FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993 Coverage Under the Family and Medical Leave Act §§ 825.116-825.118...

29 CFR 825.116-825.118 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false [Reserved] 825.116-825.118 Section 825.116-825.118 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OTHER LAWS THE FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993 Coverage Under the Family and Medical Leave Act §§ 825.116-825.118...

29 CFR 825.116-825.118 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false [Reserved] 825.116-825.118 Section 825.116-825.118 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OTHER LAWS THE FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993 Coverage Under the Family and Medical Leave Act §§ 825.116-825.118...

Electrochemical performances of Al-0.5Mg-0.1Sn-0.02In alloy in different solutions for Al-air battery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jingling, Ma; Jiuba, Wen; Hongxi, Zhu; Quanan, Li

2015-10-01

In this research, the corrosion behavior and the electrochemical performances of Al-0.5Mg-0.1Sn-0.02In (wt.%) alloy have been investigated in 2 M NaCl, 4 M NaOH ethanol-10% water, 4 M NaOH solutions. The results show that the optimal electrochemical properties are obtained in 4 M NaOH ethanol-water solutions, and the alloy has higher anodic utilization and lower self-corrosion rate in the solutions compared to 2 M NaCl or 4 M aqueous NaOH. SEM and EIS results of the alloy are in good agreement with corrosion characteristics. By comparison with the electrochemical performance of Zn in 4 M NaOH solutions, the feasibility of using Al-0.5Mg-0.1Sn-0.02In alloy as anode material for a high power density Al-air battery in 4 M NaOH ethanol-water solutions is demonstrated.

Role of different chelating agent in synthesis of copper doped tin oxide (Cu-SnO2) nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saravanakumar, B.; Anusiya, A.; Rani, B. Jansi; Ravi, G.; Yuvakkumar, R.

2018-05-01

An attempt was made to synthesis the copper doped tin oxide (Cu-SnO2) nanoparticles by adopting different chelating agents (NaOH, KOH and C2H2O4) by Sol-gel process. The synthesized products were characterized by XRD, Photoluminescence (PL), Infra- Red (FTIR) and SEM analysis. The XRD confirms the formation of Cu-SnO2 shows the maximum peak at 33.8° with lattice plane (101). The PL peak at 361 and 382 nm due to the recombination of electron in conduction band to valence band infers the optical properties. The IR spectra correspond to the peak at 551 and 620 cm-1 attributed to the characteristics peak for Cu-SnO2 nanoparticles. The SEM images for all three Cu-SnO2 nanoparticles formed by three chelating agent (NaOH, KOH and C2H2O4) facilitates the formation mechanism and the chelating agent Oxalic acid results in formation of nano flowers with diverse layers orientated in random direction. Further SEM studies reveal that, the Cu-SnO2 nanoparticles formed by oxalic acid could posses high surface area with large number layered structured enables the better electrochemical properties and its applications.

Structure flexibility of the Cu2ZnSnS4 absorber in low-cost photovoltaic cells: from the stoichiometric to the copper-poor compounds.

PubMed

Choubrac, L; Lafond, A; Guillot-Deudon, C; Moëlo, Y; Jobic, S

2012-03-19

Here we present for the very first time a single-crystal investigation of the Cu-poor Zn-rich derivative of Cu(2)ZnSnS(4). Nowadays, this composition is considered as the one that delivers the best photovoltaic performances in the specific domain of Cu(2)ZnSnS(4)-based thin-film solar cells. The existence of this nonstoichiometric phase is definitely demonstrated here in an explicit and unequivocal manner on the basis of powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses coupled with electron microprobe analyses. Crystals are tetragonal, space group I ̅4, Z = 2, with a = 5.43440(15) Å and c = 10.8382(6) Å for Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) and a = 5.43006(5) Å and c = 10.8222(2) Å for Cu(1.71)Zn(1.18)Sn(0.99)S(4). © 2012 American Chemical Society

KF addition to Cu2SnS3 thin films prepared by sulfurization process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakashima, Mitsuki; Fujimoto, Junya; Yamaguchi, Toshiyuki; Sasano, Junji; Izaki, Masanobu

2017-04-01

Cu2SnS3 thin films were fabricated by sulfurization with KF addition and applied to photovoltaic devices. Two methods, two-stage annealing and the use of four-layer precursors, were employed, and the quantity of NaF and KF and the annealing temperature were changed. By electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), the Cu/Sn mole ratio was found to range from 0.81 to 1.51. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Raman spectra indicated that the fabricated thin films had a monoclinic Cu2SnS3 structure. The Cu2SnS3 thin films fabricated by two-stage annealing had a close-packed structure and a pinhole-free surface morphology. The best solar cell in this study showed V oc of 293 mV, which surpassed the previously reported value.

Microstructure and opto-electronic properties of Sn-rich Au-Sn diffusive solders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rerek, T.; Skowronski, L.; Kobierski, M.; Naparty, M. K.; Derkowska-Zielinska, B.

2018-09-01

Microstructural and opto-electronic properties of Au ⧹ Sn and Sn ⧹ Au bilayers, obtained by sequential evaporating of metals on the Si substrate, were investigated by means of atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Thicknesses of individual films were established to obtain the atomic ratio of Au:Sn atoms 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4, which were favor the formation of AuSn, AuSn2 and AuSn4, respectively. However, the produced intermatallic compounds were detected as AuSn and AuSn2. Additionally, the unbounded Sn was found. The sequence of deposition of Au and Sn films as well as their thickness strongly affect on the composition, microstructure, optical and electrical properties of the produced layers. The Au ⧹ Sn (Sn on the top) layers were more smooth than Sn ⧹ Au (Au on the top) films. Generally, the Au ⧹ Sn layers exhibit a better electrical and optical properties than Sn ⧹ Au films. The optical parameters: plasma energy, free-carrier damping, mean relaxation time of conduction electrons and optical resistivity were determined from the effective complex dielectric function of the formed Au, Sn and Au-Sn films. The optical resistivity values are in the range from 17.8 μΩ cm to 85.1 μΩ cm and from 29.6 μΩ cm to 113.3 μΩ cm for Au ⧹ Sn and Sn ⧹ Au layers, respectively.

Direct synthesis of carbon nanotubes using Cu-Sn catalyst on Cu substrates and their corrosion behavior in 0.6 M NaCl solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jeong, Namjo; Jwa, Eunjin; Kim, Chansoo; Choi, Ji Yeon; Nam, Joo-youn; Park, Soon-chul; Jang, Moon-seok

2017-11-01

We report the high-yield and large-area synthesis of a spaghetti-like carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on macroscopic Cu substrates (foil and foam) using a Cu-Sn alloy catalyst. In addition, we investigate the corrosion properties of the as-synthesized CNT/Cu foil system in 0.6 M NaCl solution. Electrochemical analysis showed that the corrosion resistance of the CNT/Cu foil system improved by a factor of ∼100 compared to the as-received Cu foil. Thus, it is concluded that a dense network of CNT was uniformly coated on the Cu foil and this coating functioned as an efficient barrier to corrosion under simulated seawater conditions.

Pseudomorphic GeSiSn, SiSn and Ge layers in strained heterostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Timofeev, V. A.; Nikiforov, A. I.; Tuktamyshev, A. R.; Mashanov, V. I.; Loshkarev, I. D.; Bloshkin, A. A.; Gutakovskii, A. K.

2018-04-01

The GeSiSn, SiSn layer growth mechanisms on Si(100) were investigated and the kinetic diagrams of the morphological GeSiSn, SiSn film states in the temperature range of 150 °C-450 °C at the tin content from 0% to 35% were built. The phase diagram of the superstructural change on the surface of Sn grown on Si(100) in the annealing temperature range of 0 °C-850 °C was established. The specular beam oscillations were first obtained during the SiSn film growth from 150 °C to 300 °C at the Sn content up to 35%. The transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffractometry data confirm the crystal perfection and the pseudomorphic GeSiSn, SiSn film state, and also the presence of smooth heterointerfaces between GeSiSn or SiSn and Si. The photoluminescence for the multilayer periodic GeSiSn/Si structures in the range of 0.6-0.8 eV was detected. The blue shift with the excitation power increase is observed suggesting the presence of a type II heterostructure. The creation of tensile strained Ge films, which are pseudomorphic to the underlying GeSn layer, is confirmed by the results of the formation and analysis of the reciprocal space map in the x-ray diffractometry. The tensile strain in the Ge films reached the value in the range of 0.86%-1.5%. The GeSn buffer layer growth in the Sn content range from 8% to 12% was studied. The band structure of heterosystems based on pseudomorphic GeSiSn, SiSn and Ge layers was calculated and the valence and conduction band subband position dependences on the Sn content were built. Based on the calculation, the Sn content range in the GeSiSn, SiSn, and GeSn layers, which corresponds to the direct bandgap GeSiSn, SiSn, and Ge material, was obtained.

24 CFR 4001.118 - Equity sharing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Equity sharing. 4001.118 Section 4001.118 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued) BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE HOPE FOR HOMEOWNERS PROGRAM HOPE FOR HOMEOWNERS PROGRAM Eligibility...

33 CFR 118.90 - Bridges crossing channel obliquely.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Bridges crossing channel obliquely. 118.90 Section 118.90 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.90 Bridges crossing channel obliquely. Bridges...

33 CFR 118.90 - Bridges crossing channel obliquely.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Bridges crossing channel obliquely. 118.90 Section 118.90 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.90 Bridges crossing channel obliquely. Bridges...

Theoretical electric dipole moments of SiH, GeH and SnH

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pettersson, L. G. M.; Langhoff, S. R.

1986-01-01

Accurate theoretical dipole moments have been computed for the X2Pi ground states of Si(-)H(+) (0.118 D), Ge(+)H(-) (0.085 D), and Sn(+)H(-) (0.357 D). The trend down the periodic table is regular and follows that expected from the electronegativities of the group IV atoms. The dipole moment of 1.24 + or - 0.1 D for GeH recently derived by Brown, Evenson and Sears (1985) from the relative intensities of electric and magnetic dipole transitions in the 10-micron spectrum of the X2Pi state is seriously questioned.

Theoretical Electric Dipole Moments of SiH, GeH and SnH

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pettersson, Lars G. M.; Langhoff, Stephen R.

1986-01-01

Accurate theoretical dipole moments (mu(sub c) have been computed for the X(exp 2)Pi ground states of Si(-)H(+)(0.118 D), Ge(+)H(-)(0.085 D) and Sn(+)H(-)(0.357 D). The trend down the periodic table is regular and follows that expected from the electronegativities of the group IV atoms. The dipole moment of 1.24 +/- 0.1 D for GeH recently derived by Brown, Evenson and Sears from the relative intensities of electric and magnetic dipole transitions in the 10 microns spectrum of the X(exp 2)Pi state is seriously questioned.

7 CFR 15.118 - Cross-examination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cross-examination. 15.118 Section 15.118 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture NONDISCRIMINATION Rules of Practice and Procedure for Hearings...-examination. Cross-examination will be limited to the scope of direct examination and matters at issue in the...

9 CFR 118.2 - Method of detention; Notifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Method of detention; Notifications. 118.2 Section 118.2 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT...; SEIZURE AND CONDEMNATION § 118.2 Method of detention; Notifications. An authorized representative of the...

Growth of high-Sn content (28%) GeSn alloy films by sputtering epitaxy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Jun; Liu, Zhi; Zhang, Yongwang; Zuo, Yuhua; Li, Chuanbo; Xue, Chunlai; Cheng, Buwen; Wang, Qiming

2018-06-01

Crystalline GeSn thin films with Sn content up to 0.28 were deposited on Sn graded GeSn buffer on a Ge substrate at low temperatures by sputtering epitaxy. The structural properties of the high-Sn content GeSn alloy films were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The effect of annealing on the segregation of Sn in the high-Sn content GeSn film was investigated, and both the Ge0.72Sn0.28 and the Ge0.8Sn0.2 films were found to be stable after annealing at temperatures below 400 °C, which meets the needs of thermal budget for future photonic devices fabrication. The present results indicate that sputtering epitaxy is cost-effective method for growing high-Sn GeSn films.

32 CFR 701.118 - Privacy, IT, and PIAs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Privacy, IT, and PIAs. 701.118 Section 701.118... THE NAVY DOCUMENTS AFFECTING THE PUBLIC DON Privacy Program § 701.118 Privacy, IT, and PIAs. (a) Development. Privacy must be considered when requirements are being analyzed and decisions are being made...

32 CFR 701.118 - Privacy, IT, and PIAs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Privacy, IT, and PIAs. 701.118 Section 701.118... THE NAVY DOCUMENTS AFFECTING THE PUBLIC DON Privacy Program § 701.118 Privacy, IT, and PIAs. (a) Development. Privacy must be considered when requirements are being analyzed and decisions are being made...

32 CFR 701.118 - Privacy, IT, and PIAs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Privacy, IT, and PIAs. 701.118 Section 701.118... THE NAVY DOCUMENTS AFFECTING THE PUBLIC DON Privacy Program § 701.118 Privacy, IT, and PIAs. (a) Development. Privacy must be considered when requirements are being analyzed and decisions are being made...

32 CFR 701.118 - Privacy, IT, and PIAs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Privacy, IT, and PIAs. 701.118 Section 701.118... THE NAVY DOCUMENTS AFFECTING THE PUBLIC DON Privacy Program § 701.118 Privacy, IT, and PIAs. (a) Development. Privacy must be considered when requirements are being analyzed and decisions are being made...

27 CFR 21.118 - Methyl n-butyl ketone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Methyl n-butyl ketone. 21.118 Section 21.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU....118 Methyl n-butyl ketone. (a) Acidity (as acetic acid). 0.02 percent by weight, maximum. (b) Color...

27 CFR 21.118 - Methyl n-butyl ketone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Methyl n-butyl ketone. 21.118 Section 21.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU....118 Methyl n-butyl ketone. (a) Acidity (as acetic acid). 0.02 percent by weight, maximum. (b) Color...

33 CFR 118.65 - Lights on fixed bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lights on fixed bridges. 118.65 Section 118.65 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.65 Lights on fixed bridges. (a) Each fixed bridge span over a navigable...

33 CFR 118.70 - Lights on swing bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lights on swing bridges. 118.70 Section 118.70 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.70 Lights on swing bridges. (a) Swing span lights on through bridges. Each...

Microwave assisted synthesis of porous ZnO/SnS heterojunction and its application in visible light degradation of ciprofloxacin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Makama, A. B.; Salmiaton, A.; Saion, E. B.; Choong, T. S. Y.; Abdullah, N.

2016-07-01

Porous ZnO/SnS heterojunctions were successfully synthesized via microwave-assisted heating of aqueous solutions containing different amounts of SnS precursors (SnCl2 and Na2S) in the presence of fixed amount of ZnCO3 nanoparticles. The experimental results revealed that the heterojunctions exhibited much higher visible light-driven photocatalytic activity for the degradation of the ciprofloxacin than pure SnS nanocrystals. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency (1-Ct/C0) of the pollutant for the most active heterogeneous nanostructure is about four times more efficient than pure SnS. The enhanced photocatalytic efficiency is ascribed to the synergic effect of high photon absorption and reduction in the recombination of electrons and holes because of efficient separation and electron transfer from the SnS to ZnO nanoparticles.

Application of regular associated solution model to the liquidus curves of the Sn-Te and Sn-SnS systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eric, H.

1982-12-01

The liquidus curves of the Sn-Te and Sn-SnS systems were evaluated by the regular associated solution model (RAS). The main assumption of this theory is the existence of species A, B and associated complexes AB in the liquid phase. Thermodynamic properties of the binary A-B system are derived by ternary regular solution equations. Calculations based on this model for the Sn-Te and Sn-SnS systems are in agreement with published data.

YPdSn and YPd{sub 2}Sn: Structure, {sup 89}Y solid state NMR and {sup 119}Sn Moessbauer spectroscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hoeting, Christoph; Eckert, Hellmut; Langer, Thorsten

2012-06-15

The stannides YPdSn and YPd{sub 2}Sn were synthesized by high-frequency melting of the elements in sealed tantalum tubes. Both structures were refined on the basis of single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: TiNiSi type, Pnma, a=715.4(1), b=458.8(1), c=789.1(1) pm, wR2=0.0461, 510 F{sup 2} values, 20 variables for YPdSn and MnCu{sub 2}Al type, Fm3 Macron m, a=671.44(8), wR2=0.0740, 55 F{sup 2} values, 5 parameters for YPd{sub 2}Sn. The yttrium atoms in the new stannide YPdSn are coordinated by two tilted Pd{sub 3}Sn{sub 3} hexagons (ordered AlB{sub 2} superstructure). In the Heusler phase YPd{sub 2}Sn each yttrium atom has octahedral tin coordination andmore » additionally eight palladium neighbors. The cubic site symmetry of yttrium is reflected in the {sup 119}Sn Moessbauer spectrum which shows no quadrupole splitting. In contrast, YPdSn shows a single signal at {delta}=1.82(1) mm/s subjected to quadrupole splitting of {Delta}E{sub Q}=0.93(1) mm/s. Both compounds have been characterized by high-resolution {sup 89}Y solid state NMR spectroscopy, which indicates the presence of strong Knight shifts. The spectrum of YPd{sub 2}Sn is characterized by an unusually large linewidth, suggesting the presence of a Knight shift distribution reflecting local disordering effects. The range of {sup 89}Y Knight shifts of several binary and ternary intermetallic yttrium compounds is briefly discussed. - Graphical abstract: YPdSn and YPd{sub 2}Sn: Structure, {sup 89}Y solid state NMR and {sup 119}Sn Moessbauer spectroscopy. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Synthesis and structure of ternary stannides YPdSn and YPd{sub 2}Sn. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer {sup 119}Sn Moessbauer spectroscopic investigation of YPdSn and YPd{sub 2}Sn. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer {sup 89}Y solid state NMR of intermetallics.« less

Manufacturing Feasibility and Forming Properties of Cu-4Sn in Selective Laser Melting.

PubMed

Mao, Zhongfa; Zhang, David Z; Wei, Peitang; Zhang, Kaifei

2017-03-24

Copper alloys, combined with selective laser melting (SLM) technology, have attracted increasing attention in aerospace engineering, automobile, and medical fields. However, there are some difficulties in SLM forming owing to low laser absorption and excellent thermal conductivity. It is, therefore, necessary to explore a copper alloy in SLM. In this research, manufacturing feasibility and forming properties of Cu-4Sn in SLM were investigated through a systematic experimental approach. Single-track experiments were used to narrow down processing parameter windows. A Greco-Latin square design with orthogonal parameter arrays was employed to control forming qualities of specimens. Analysis of variance was applied to establish statistical relationships, which described the effects of different processing parameters (i.e., laser power, scanning speed, and hatch space) on relative density (RD) and Vickers hardness of specimens. It was found that Cu-4Sn specimens were successfully manufactured by SLM for the first time and both its RD and Vickers hardness were mainly determined by the laser power. The maximum value of RD exceeded 93% theoretical density and the maximum value of Vickers hardness reached 118 HV 0.3/5. The best tensile strength of 316-320 MPa is inferior to that of pressure-processed Cu-4Sn and can be improved further by reducing defects.

The structure of {sup 117}Te and {sup 118}Te and collectivity in {sup 118}Te

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Duyar, C.; Draper, J.E.; Rubel, E.C.

1993-10-01

The reactions {sup 82}Se({sup 40}Ar,5n) and {sup 76}Ge({sup 48}Ca, 6 n) (beam energies 180MeV and 190MeV, respectively) were used to populate high spins states of {sup 117}Te and {sup 118}Te, respectively. {gamma} - {gamma} coincidences, E{sub gamma}, and coincidence I{sub gamma} have been measured. Angular correlation/distribution analysis has been made. {sup 117}Te has been extended to spin {approximately} 51/2. Our results do not support the two isolated bands found by Sharma et al. {sup 118}Te has been also extended to spin {approximately}22. A rotational band was found in {sup 118}Te with an average J {approximately}42h{sup 2}/MeV, corresponding to a {Beta}more » {approximately} 0.2.« less

Characterization of the genetic locus responsible for the production of ABP-118, a novel bacteriocin produced by the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius UCC118.

PubMed

Flynn, Sarah; van Sinderen, Douwe; Thornton, Gerardine M; Holo, Helge; Nes, Ingolf F; Collins, J Kevin

2002-04-01

ABP-118, a small heat-stable bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius UCC118, a strain isolated from the ileal-caecal region of the human gastrointestinal tract, was purified to homogeneity. Using reverse genetics, a DNA fragment specifying part of ABP-118 was identified on a 10769 bp chromosomal region. Analysis of this region revealed that ABP-118 was a Class IIb two-peptide bacteriocin composed of Abp118alpha, which exhibited the antimicrobial activity, and Abp118beta, which enhanced the antimicrobial activity. The gene conferring strain UCC118 immunity to the action of ABP-118, abpIM, was identified downstream of the abp118beta gene. Located further downstream of abp118beta, several ORFs were identified whose deduced proteins resembled those of proteins involved in bacteriocin regulation and secretion. Heterologous expression of ABP-118 was achieved in Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus lactis and Bacillus cereus. In addition, the abp118 locus encoded an inducing peptide, AbpIP, which was shown to play a role in the regulation of ABP-118 production. This novel bacteriocin is, to the authors' knowledge, the first to be isolated from a known human probiotic bacterium and to be characterized at the genetic level.

Preparation and characterization of electrodeposited SnS:In thin films: Effect of In dopant.

PubMed

Kafashan, Hosein; Balak, Zohre

2017-09-05

SnS:In thin films were grown on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by cathodic electrodeposition technique. The solution was containing 2mM SnCl 2 and 16mM Na 2 S 2 O 3 and different amounts of 1mM InCl 3 as In-dopant. The pH, bath temperature, deposition time, and deposition potential (E) were fixed at 2.1, 60°C, 30min, and -1V, respectively. The XRD results showed that the synthesized films were polycrystalline orthorhombic SnS. The XPS results demonstrated that the films were composed of Sn, S and In. According to the FESEM images, an increase in In-dopant concentration leads to a change in morphology from grain-like to sheet-like having a nanoscale thickness of 20-80nm and fiber-like. The PL spectra of undoped SnS exhibited four emission peaks including a UV peak, two blue emission peaks, and an IR emission peak. According to the UV-Vis spectra, the direct band gap of SnS:In thin films was estimated to be 1.40-1.66eV. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Preparation and characterization of electrodeposited SnS:In thin films: Effect of In dopant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kafashan, Hosein; Balak, Zohre

2017-09-01

SnS:In thin films were grown on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by cathodic electrodeposition technique. The solution was containing 2 mM SnCl2 and 16 mM Na2S2O3 and different amounts of 1 mM InCl3 as In-dopant. The pH, bath temperature, deposition time, and deposition potential (E) were fixed at 2.1, 60 °C, 30 min, and - 1 V, respectively. The XRD results showed that the synthesized films were polycrystalline orthorhombic SnS. The XPS results demonstrated that the films were composed of Sn, S and In. According to the FESEM images, an increase in In-dopant concentration leads to a change in morphology from grain-like to sheet-like having a nanoscale thickness of 20-80 nm and fiber-like. The PL spectra of undoped SnS exhibited four emission peaks including a UV peak, two blue emission peaks, and an IR emission peak. According to the UV-Vis spectra, the direct band gap of SnS:In thin films was estimated to be 1.40-1.66 eV.

Effects of interlayer Sn-Sn lone pair interaction on the band gap of bulk and nanosheet SnO

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Umezawa, Naoto; Zhou, Wei

2015-03-01

Effects of interlayer lone-pair interactions on the electronic structure of SnO are firstly explored by the density-functional theory. Our comprehensive study reveals that the band gap of SnO opens as increase in the interlayer Sn-Sn distance. The effect is rationalized by the character of band edges which consists of bonding and anti-bonding states from interlayer lone pair interactions. The band edges for several nanosheets and strained double-layer SnO are estimated. We conclude that the double-layer SnO is a promising material for visible-light driven photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution. This work is supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) program.

Surfactant-Free Aqueous Synthesis of Pure Single-Crystalline SnSe Nanosheet Clusters as Anode for High Energy- and Power-Density Sodium-Ion Batteries.

PubMed

Yuan, Shuang; Zhu, Yun-Hai; Li, Wang; Wang, Sai; Xu, Dan; Li, Lin; Zhang, Yu; Zhang, Xin-Bo

2017-01-01

SnSe with 3D hierarchical nanostructure composed of interconnected single-crystal SnSe nanosheets is synthesized via a fast and effective strategy. Unexpectedly, when used as the anode material for Na-ion batteries (NIBs), the SnSe exhibits a high capacity (738 mA h g -1 ), superior rate capability (40 A g -1 ), and high energy density in a full cell. These results provide the possibility of SnSe use as NIBs anodes. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Rod-like hierarchical Sn/SnOx@C nanostructures with enhanced lithium storage properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Juan; Chen, Sanmei; Tang, Jingjing; Tian, Hangyu; Bai, Tao; Zhou, Xiangyang

2018-03-01

Rod-like hierarchical Sn/SnOx@C nanostructures have been designed and synthesized via calcining resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) resin coated Sn-based metal-organic frameworks. The rod-like hierarchical Sn/SnOx@C nanostructures are made of a great number of carbon-wrapped primary Sn/SnOx nanospheres of 100-200 nm in diameter. The as-prepared hierarchical Sn/SnOx@C nanocomposite manifests a high initial reversible capacity of 1177 mAh g-1 and remains 1001 mAh g-1 after 240 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g-1. It delivers outstanding high-rate performance with a reversible capacity of 823 mAh g-1 even at a high current density of 1000 mA g-1. The enhanced electrochemical performances of the Sn/SnOx@C electrode are mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of the unique hierarchical micro/nanostructures and the protective carbon layer.

Effects of Sn Layer Orientation on the Evolution of Cu/Sn Interfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Menglong; Zhao, Zhangjian; Hu, Fengtian; Hu, Anmin; Li, Ming; Ling, Huiqin; Hang, Tao

2018-03-01

The effects of Sn layer orientation on the evolution of Cu/Sn joint interfaces were investigated. Three Sn layers possessing (112), (321) and (420) orientations were electroplated on polycrystalline Cu substrates respectively. The orientations of Sn layer preserved during reflowing at 250 °C for 10 s. After aging at 150 °C for different time, the interfacial microstructures were observed from the cross-section and top-view. The alignment between the c-axis of Sn and Cu diffusion direction significantly sped up the Cu diffusion, leading to the thickest intermetallic compound layer formed in (112) joint. Two types of voids, namely, intracrystalline voids and grain islanding caused intercrystalline voids generated at Cu/Cu3Sn interfaces due to the different interdiffusion coefficients of Cu and Sn (112) oriented Sn/Cu joint produced many more voids than (321) joint, and no voids were detected in (420) joint. Therefore, to enhance the reliability of solder joints, using (420) oriented Sn as solder layer could be an efficient way.

27 CFR 479.118 - Proof of exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 3 2012-04-01 2010-04-01 true Proof of exportation. 479.118 Section 479.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products, and Firearms BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND CERTAIN...

27 CFR 479.118 - Proof of exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Proof of exportation. 479.118 Section 479.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products, and Firearms BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND CERTAIN...

27 CFR 479.118 - Proof of exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Proof of exportation. 479.118 Section 479.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products, and Firearms BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND CERTAIN...

27 CFR 479.118 - Proof of exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 3 2011-04-01 2010-04-01 true Proof of exportation. 479.118 Section 479.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products, and Firearms BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND CERTAIN...

27 CFR 479.118 - Proof of exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Proof of exportation. 479.118 Section 479.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products, and Firearms BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND CERTAIN...

9 CFR 118.4 - Seizure and condemnation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Seizure and condemnation. 118.4 Section 118.4 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE VIRUSES, SERUMS, TOXINS, AND ANALOGOUS PRODUCTS; ORGANISMS AND VECTORS DETENTION; SEIZURE AND...

37 CFR 1.118-1.119 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false [Reserved] 1.118-1.119 Section 1.118-1.119 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES National Processing Provisions Amendments...

Formation of medical radioisotopes {sup 111}In, {sup 117m}Sn, {sup 124}Sb, and {sup 177}Lu in photonuclear reactions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Danagulyan, A. S.; Hovhannisyan, G. H., E-mail: hov-gohar@ysu.am; Bakhshiyan, T. M.

2015-06-15

The possibility of the photonuclear production of radioisotopes {sup 111}In, {sup 117m}Sn, {sup 124}Sb, and {sup 177}Lu is discussed. Reaction yields were measured by the gamma-activation method. The enriched tin isotopes {sup 112,} {sup 118}Sn and Te and HfO{sub 2} of natural isotopic composition were used as targets. The targets were irradiated at the linear electron accelerator of Alikhanian National Science Laboratory (Yerevan) at the energy of 40 MeV. The experimental results obtained in this way reveal that the yield and purity of radioisotopes {sup 111}In and {sup 117}mSn are acceptable for their production via photonuclear reactions. Reactions proceeding onmore » targets from Te and HfO{sub 2} of natural isotopic composition and leading to the formation of {sup 124}Sb and {sup 177}Lu have small yields and are hardly appropriate for the photoproduction of these radioisotopes even in the case of enriched targets.« less

10 CFR 1.18 - Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. 1.18 Section 1.18 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL INFORMATION Headquarters Panels, Boards, and Committees § 1.18 Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. The Advisory Committee on...

10 CFR 1.18 - Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. 1.18 Section 1.18 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL INFORMATION Headquarters Panels, Boards, and Committees § 1.18 Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. The Advisory Committee on...

10 CFR 1.18 - Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. 1.18 Section 1.18 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL INFORMATION Headquarters Panels, Boards, and Committees § 1.18 Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. The Advisory Committee on...

10 CFR 1.18 - Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. 1.18 Section 1.18 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL INFORMATION Headquarters Panels, Boards, and Committees § 1.18 Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. The Advisory Committee on...

10 CFR 1.18 - Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. 1.18 Section 1.18 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL INFORMATION Headquarters Panels, Boards, and Committees § 1.18 Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. The Advisory Committee on...

Ba-filled Ni–Sb–Sn based skutterudites with anomalously high lattice thermal conductivity

DOE PAGES

Paschinger, W.; Rogl, Gerda; Grytsiv, A.; ...

2016-06-21

Here, in this study, novel filled skutterudites Ba yNi 4Sb 12-xSn x (y max = 0.93) have been prepared by arc melting followed by annealing at 250, 350 and 450°C up to 30 days in vacuum-sealed quartz vials. Extension of the homogeneity region, solidus temperatures and structural investigations were performed for the skutterudite phase in the ternary Ni–Sn–Sb and in the quaternary Ba–Ni–Sb–Sn systems. Phase equilibria in the Ni–Sn–Sb system at 450°C were established by means of Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XPD). With rather small cages Ni 4(Sb,Sn) 12, the Ba–Ni–Sn–Sb skutterudite system is perfectly suitedmore » to study the influence of filler atoms on the phonon thermal conductivity. Single-phase samples with the composition Ni 4Sb 8.2Sn 3.8, Ba 0.42Ni 4Sb 8.2Sn 3.8 and Ba 0.92Ni 4Sb 6.7Sn 5.3 were used to measure their physical properties, i.e. temperature dependent electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity. The resistivity data demonstrate a crossover from metallic to semiconducting behaviour. The corresponding gap width was extracted from the maxima in the Seebeck coefficient data as a function of temperature. Single crystal X-ray structure analyses at 100, 200 and 300 K revealed the thermal expansion coefficients as well as Einstein and Debye temperatures for Ba 0.73Ni 4Sb 8.1Sn 3.9 and Ba 0.95Ni 4Sb 6.1Sn 5.9. These data were in accordance with the Debye temperatures obtained from the specific heat (4.4 K < T < 140 K) and Mössbauer spectroscopy (10 K < T < 290 K). Rather small atom displacement parameters for the Ba filler atoms indicate a severe reduction in the “rattling behaviour” consistent with the high levels of lattice thermal conductivity. The elastic moduli, collected from Resonant Ultrasonic Spectroscopy ranged from 100 GPa for Ni 4Sb 8.2Sn 3.8 to 116 GPa for Ba 0.92Ni 4Sb 6.7Sn 5.3. The thermal expansion coefficients were 11.8 × 10 -6 K -1 for Ni 4Sb 8.2Sn

30 CFR 285.118 - What are my appeal rights?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What are my appeal rights? 285.118 Section 285.118 Mineral Resources MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY ALTERNATE USES OF EXISTING FACILITIES ON THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF General Provisions § 285.118...

19 CFR 118.13 - Notification of selection or nonselection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Notification of selection or nonselection. 118.13 Section 118.13 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY CENTRALIZED EXAMINATION STATIONS Application To Establish a CES § 118.13...

Integrating 3D Flower-Like Hierarchical Cu2NiSnS4 with Reduced Graphene Oxide as Advanced Anode Materials for Na-Ion Batteries.

PubMed

Yuan, Shuang; Wang, Sai; Li, Lin; Zhu, Yun-hai; Zhang, Xin-bo; Yan, Jun-min

2016-04-13

Development of an anode material with high performance and low cost is crucial for implementation of next-generation Na-ion batteries (NIBs) electrode, which is proposed to meet the challenges of large scale renewable energy storage. Metal chalcogenides are considered as promising anode materials for NIBs due to their high theoretical capacity, low cost, and abundant sources. Unfortunately, their practical application in NIBs is still hindered because of low conductivity and morphological collapse caused by their volume expansion and shrinkage during Na(+) intercalation/deintercalation. To solve the daunting challenges, herein, we fabricated novel three-dimensional (3D) Cu2NiSnS4 nanoflowers (CNTSNs) as a proof-of-concept experiment using a facile and low-cost method. Furthermore, homogeneous integration with reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (RGNs) endows intrinsically insulated CNTSNs with superior electrochemical performances, including high specific capacity (up to 837 mAh g(-1)), good rate capability, and long cycling stability, which could be attributed to the unique 3D hierarchical structure providing fast ion diffusion pathway and high contact area at the electrode/electrolyte interface.

Effect of Sn Grain Orientation on the Cu6Sn5 Formation in a Sn-Based Solder Under Current Stressing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Chih-Fan; Lee, Shang-Hua; Chen, Chih-Ming

2012-08-01

A SnAgCu-based solder stripe between two Cu electrodes is current stressed with a density of 5 × 104 A/cm2 at 393 K (120 °C). After current stressing for 24 hours, electromigration induces the Cu dissolution from the cathode-side Cu electrode, leading to the Cu6Sn5 formation in the solder stripe. Very interestingly, the Cu6Sn5 phase is selectively formed within a specific Sn grain. Electron backscattering diffraction analysis indicates the crystallographic orientations of Sn grains play an important role in the selective Cu6Sn5 formation.

Corrosion Properties of SAC305 Solder in Different Solution of HCl and NaCl

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nurwahida, M. Z.; Mukridz, M. M.; Ahmad, A. M.; Muhammad, F. M. N.

2018-03-01

Potentiodynamic polarization was used to studied the corrosion properties of SAC305 solder in different solution of 1.0 M HCl and 3.5 wt.% NaCl using the same scanning rate of 1.0 mV/s. The polarization curves indicated that corrosion in NaCl was less severe than in HCl solution based on corrosion current and passivation behavior obtained. Morphology and phases obtained after corrosion using SEM and XRD were analyzed. Microstructure analysis shows the present of compact corrosion product with presence of larger flake for polarization in NaCl compared to HCl. Phases present in XRD analysis confirmed the present of SnO and SnO2 corrosion product for sample from both solutions.

Host Galaxy Spectra of Stripped SN from the Palomar Transient Factory: SN Progenitor Diagnostics and the SN-GRB Connection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Modjaz, Maryam; Gal-Yam, Avishay; Arcavi, Iair

2011-02-01

Stripped core-collapse supernovae (Stripped SN) are powerful cosmic engines that energize and enrich the ISM and that sometimes accompany GRBs, but the exact mass and metallicity range of their massive progenitors is not known, nor the detailed physics of the explosion. With the harvest of 50 stripped SN from the innovative survey Palomar Transient Factory, we propose to conduct the first uniform and statistically significant study with SN from the same homogeneous and galaxy-unbiased survey in order to determine the environmental conditions that influence the various kinds of massive stellar deaths. By obtaining spectra of the immediate host environments of our sample of stripped SN, we will (1) measure local abundances in order to differentiate between the two progenitor scenarios for stripped SN and (2) derive stellar population ages, masses and star formation histories via detailed stellar population synthesis models. Moreover, we will test if natal chemical abundance has effects on basic SN characteristics, such as peak luminosity. Any observed trends will have ramifications on SN and GRB explosion models and imply important demographic SN considerations. Our dataset will provide a crucial complimentary set to host galaxy studies of long-duration GRBs and pave the way for host studies of transients and SN found via upcoming surveys such as LSST.

21 CFR 118.6 - Egg testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Egg testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.6... (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION PRODUCTION, STORAGE, AND TRANSPORTATION OF SHELL EGGS § 118.6 Egg... age required by § 118.4(a) is positive, you must divert eggs to treatment (defined in § 118.3) for the...

21 CFR 118.6 - Egg testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Egg testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.6... (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION PRODUCTION, STORAGE, AND TRANSPORTATION OF SHELL EGGS § 118.6 Egg... age required by § 118.4(a) is positive, you must divert eggs to treatment (defined in § 118.3) for the...

STS-118 Space Shuttle Crew Honored

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-09-10

A reporter interviews STS-118 Mission Specialist Dave Williams during a special event at Walt Disney World in Orlando . The day's events honoring the STS-118 space shuttle crew recognized the inspirational achievement of teacher-turned-astronaut Barbara R. Morgan who helped dedicate a plaque outside the Mission: Space attraction, and included meeting with students and the media and parading down Main Street to the delight of the crowds. The other crew members attending were Commander Scott Kelly, Pilot Charlie Hobaugh and Mission Specialists Tracy Caldwell, Rick Mastracchio and Alvin Drew. Mission STS-118 was the 119th shuttle program flight and the 22nd flight to the International Space Station. Space shuttle Endeavour launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center on Aug. 8 and landed Aug. 21. The mission delivered the S5 truss, continuing the assembly of the space station

42 CFR 460.118 - Violation of rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Violation of rights. 460.118 Section 460.118 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) PROGRAMS OF ALL-INCLUSIVE CARE FOR THE ELDERLY (PACE) PROGRAMS OF ALL-INCLUSIVE CARE FOR THE ELDERLY (PACE...

42 CFR 460.118 - Violation of rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Violation of rights. 460.118 Section 460.118 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) PROGRAMS OF ALL-INCLUSIVE CARE FOR THE ELDERLY (PACE) PROGRAMS OF ALL-INCLUSIVE CARE FOR THE ELDERLY (PACE...

27 CFR 20.118 - Rubbing alcohol general-use formula.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (2) made in accordance with one of the two formulas prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, and...-use formula. 20.118 Section 20.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... Formulas and Statements of Process General-Use Formulas § 20.118 Rubbing alcohol general-use formula. (a...

27 CFR 20.118 - Rubbing alcohol general-use formula.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... (2) made in accordance with one of the two formulas prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, and...-use formula. 20.118 Section 20.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... Formulas and Statements of Process General-Use Formulas § 20.118 Rubbing alcohol general-use formula. (a...

27 CFR 20.118 - Rubbing alcohol general-use formula.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... (2) made in accordance with one of the two formulas prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, and...-use formula. 20.118 Section 20.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... Formulas and Statements of Process General-Use Formulas § 20.118 Rubbing alcohol general-use formula. (a...

Sucrose non-ferment 1 related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) genes could mediate the stress responses in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.).

PubMed

Bai, Jiangping; Mao, Juan; Yang, Hongyu; Khan, Awais; Fan, Aqi; Liu, Siyan; Zhang, Junlian; Wang, Di; Gao, Huijuan; Zhang, Jinlin

2017-05-15

The SnRKs (sucrose non-fermenting 1 related protein kinase) are a gene family coding for Ser/Thr protein kinases and play important roles in linking the tolerance and metabolic responses of plants to abiotic stresses. To date, no genome-wide characterization of the sucrose non-ferment 1 related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) subfamily has been conducted in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). In this study, eight StSnRK2 genes (StSnRK2.1- StSnRK2.8) were identified in the genome of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar 'Longshu 3', with similar characteristics to SnRK2 from other plant species in gene structure, motif distribution and secondary structures. The C-terminal regions were highly divergent among StSnRK2s, while they all carried the similar Ser/Thr protein kinase domain. The fluorescence of GFP fused with StSnRK2.1, StSnRK2.2, StSnRK2.6, StSnRK2.7 and StSnRK2.8 was detected in the nucleus and cytoplasm of onion epidermal cells with StSnRK2.3 and StSnRK2.4 mainly associated to the nucleus while StSnRK2.5 to subcellular organelles. Expression level analysis by qRT-PCR showed that StSnRK2.1, 2.2, 2.5 and 2.6 were more than 1 fold higher in the root than in the leaf, tuber and stem tissues. The expressions of StSnRK2.3, 2.7, and 2.8 were at least 1.5 folds higher in the leaf and stem than in the root, but lower in the tuber. The expression of StSnRK2.4 was also significantly (P < 0.05) higher in leaf, stem, and tuber than in the root. From the perspective of the relative expressions of StSnRK2 genes in potato, ABA treatment had a different effect from NaCl and PEG treatments. In the present study, we identified and characterized eight SnRK2s in the potato genome. The eight StSnRK2s exhibit similar gene structure and secondary structures in potato to the SnRK2s found in other plant species. The relative expression of eight genes varied among various tissues (roots, leaves, tubers, and stems) and abiotic stresses (ABA, NaCl and PEG-6000) with the prolongation of

The ITEA-NASA STS-118 Design Challenges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meade, Shelli D.; Caron, Daniel W.; Gray, Aaron; Weaver, Kim

2008-01-01

In conjunction with the August 8, 2007 launch of STS-118, the International Technology Education Association (ITEA) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) developed and recently debuted curricular units for Grades K-12 on Space Exploration, known as STS-118 Design Challenges. The units focus on aspects of the themes that NASA…

33 CFR 118.60 - Characteristics of lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Characteristics of lights. 118.60... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.60 Characteristics of lights. All lights required or authorized under this.... Lights must meet the requirements of this part. Lights shall be fixed lights excepting as provided in...

33 CFR 118.60 - Characteristics of lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Characteristics of lights. 118.60... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.60 Characteristics of lights. All lights required or authorized under this.... Lights must meet the requirements of this part. Lights shall be fixed lights excepting as provided in...

33 CFR 118.60 - Characteristics of lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Characteristics of lights. 118.60... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.60 Characteristics of lights. All lights required or authorized under this.... Lights must meet the requirements of this part. Lights shall be fixed lights excepting as provided in...

33 CFR 118.60 - Characteristics of lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Characteristics of lights. 118.60... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.60 Characteristics of lights. All lights required or authorized under this.... Lights must meet the requirements of this part. Lights shall be fixed lights excepting as provided in...

33 CFR 118.60 - Characteristics of lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Characteristics of lights. 118.60... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.60 Characteristics of lights. All lights required or authorized under this.... Lights must meet the requirements of this part. Lights shall be fixed lights excepting as provided in...

Asiago spectroscopic classification of ASAS-SN18ck, ASAS-SN18cp, ASAS-SN18cq and ASASSN-18cj

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tomasella, L.; Benetti, S.; Cappellaro, E.; Turatto, M.

2018-02-01

The Asiago Transient Classification Program (Tomasella et al. 2014, AN, 335, 841) reports the spectroscopic classification of ASAS-SN18ck, ASAS-SN18cp, ASAS-SN18cq and ASASSN-18cj, discovered during the ongoing All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN, Shappee et al. 2014, Atel #11178).

Characterization of a common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) TaSnRK2.7 gene involved in abiotic stress responses

PubMed Central

Zhang, Hongying; Mao, Xinguo; Jing, Ruilian; Chang, Xiaoping; Xie, Huimin

2011-01-01

Sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) plays a key role in the plant stress signalling transduction pathway via phosphorylation. Here, a SnRK2 member of common wheat, TaSnRK2.7, was cloned and characterized. Southern blot analysis suggested that the common wheat genome contains three copies of TaSnRK2.7. Subcellular localization showed the presence of TaSnRK2.7 in the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Expression patterns revealed that TaSnRK2.7 is expressed strongly in roots, and responds to polyethylene glycol, NaCl, and cold stress, but not to abscisic acid (ABA) application, suggesting that TaSnRK2.7 might participate in non-ABA-dependent signal transduction pathways. TaSnRK2.7 was transferred to Arabidopsis under the control of the CaMV-35S promoter. Function analysis showed that TaSnRK2.7 is involved in carbohydrate metabolism, decreasing osmotic potential, enhancing photosystem II activity, and promoting root growth. Its overexpression results in enhanced tolerance to multi-abiotic stress. Therefore, TaSnRK2.7 is a multifunctional regulatory factor in plants, and has the potential to be utilized in transgenic breeding to improve abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. PMID:21030389

40 CFR 51.118 - Stack height provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... exceeds good engineering practice or by any other dispersion technique, except as provided in § 51.118(b... based on a good engineering practice stack height that exceeds the height allowed by § 51.100(ii) (1) or... actual stack height of any source. (b) The provisions of § 51.118(a) shall not apply to (1) stack heights...

41 CFR 102-118.265 - What is a prepayment audit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... audit? 102-118.265 Section 102-118.265 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services Agency Requirements for Prepayment Audits...

Electrophoretic Study of the SnO2/Aqueous Solution Interface up to 260 degrees C.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rodriguez-Santiago, V; Fedkin, Mark V.; Wesolowski, David J

2009-01-01

An electrophoresis cell developed in our laboratory was utilized to determine the zeta potential at the SnO{sub 2} (cassiterite)/aqueous solution (10{sup -3} mol kg{sup -1} NaCl) interface over the temperature range from 25 to 260 C. Experimental techniques and methods for the calculation of zeta potential at elevated temperature are described. From the obtained zeta potential data as a function of pH, the isoelectric points (IEPs) of SnO{sub 2} were obtained for the first time. From these IEP values, the standard thermodynamic functions were calculated for the protonation-deprotonation equilibrium at the SnO{sub 2} surface, using the 1-pK surface complexation model.more » It was found that the IEP values for SnO{sub 2} decrease with increasing temperature, and this behavior is compared to the predicted values by the multisite complexation (MUSIC) model and other semitheoretical treatments, and were found to be in excellent agreement.« less

The alcohol-sensing behaviour of SnO2 nanorods prepared by a facile solid state reaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, F.; Ren, X. P.; Wan, W. J.; Zhao, Y. P.; Li, Y. H.; Zhao, H. Y.

2017-02-01

SnO2 nanorods with the range of 12-85 nm in diameter were fabricated by a facile solid state reaction in the medium of NaCl-KCl mixture at room temperature and calcined at 600, 680, 760 and 840 oC, respectively. The XRD, TEM and XPS were employed to characterize the structure and morphology of the SnO2 nanorods. The influence of the calcination temperature on the gas sensing behaviour of the SnO2 nanorods with different diameter was investigated. The result showed that all the sensors had good response to alcohol. The response of the gracile nanorods prepared at a low calcined temperature demonstrated significantly better than the thick nanorods prepared at a high calcined temperature. The mechanism was attributed to the nonstoichiometric ratio of Sn/O and larger surface area of the gracile nanorods to enhance the oxygen surface adsorption.

Influence of Oxidation in Starting Material Sn on Electric Transport Properties of SnSe Single Crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamashita, Aichi; Ogiso, Osamu; Matsumoto, Ryo; Tanaka, Masashi; Hara, Hiroshi; Tanaka, Hiromi; Takeya, Hiroyuki; Lee, Chul-Ho; Takano, Yoshihiko

2018-06-01

We found that the electronic transport property of SnSe single crystals was sensitively affected by oxidation in raw Sn. Semiconducting SnSe single crystals were obtained by using Sn of grain form as a starting material while powder Sn resulted in metallic SnSe. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that the surfaces of raw Sn were oxidized, which volume fraction is lower in grain Sn. This indicates that the amount of oxygen in raw Sn is the key factor for the electronic transport property of SnSe.

7 CFR 1220.118 - Person.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SOYBEAN PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1220.118 Person. The term person...

7 CFR 1220.118 - Person.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SOYBEAN PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1220.118 Person. The term person...

41 CFR 102-118.10 - What is a transportation audit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What is a transportation audit? 102-118.10 Section 102-118.10 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION...

41 CFR 102-118.15 - What is a transportation payment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What is a transportation payment? 102-118.15 Section 102-118.15 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION...

Catalytic growth of vertically aligned SnS/SnS2 p-n heterojunctions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Degrauw, Aaron; Armstrong, Rebekka; Rahman, Ajara A.; Ogle, Jonathan; Whittaker-Brooks, Luisa

2017-09-01

Nanowire arrays of SnS/SnS2 p-n heterojunctions are grown on transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) coated-glass and Si/SiO2 substrates via chemical vapor transport (CVT). The nanowire arrays are comprised of individual SnS/SnS2 heterostructures that are highly oriented with their lengths and morphologies controlled by the CVT conditions (i.e. reaction temperature, flow rate, and reaction time). The growth and optoelectronic characterization of these well-defined SnS/SnS2 p-n heterostructures pave the way for the fabrication of highly efficient solar cell devices.

Recent progress in GeSn growth and GeSn-based photonic devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Jun; Liu, Zhi; Xue, Chunlai; Li, Chuanbo; Zuo, Yuhua; Cheng, Buwen; Wang, Qiming

2018-06-01

The GeSn binary alloy is a new group IV material that exhibits a direct bandgap when the Sn content exceeds 6%. It shows great potential for laser use in optoelectronic integration circuits (OEIC) on account of its low light emission efficiency arising from the indirect bandgap characteristics of Si and Ge. The bandgap of GeSn can be tuned from 0.6 to 0 eV by varying the Sn content, thus making this alloy suitable for use in near-infrared and mid-infrared detectors. In this paper, the growth of the GeSn alloy is first reviewed. Subsequently, GeSn photodetectors, light emitting diodes, and lasers are discussed. The GeSn alloy presents a promising pathway for the monolithic integration of Si photonic circuits by the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Project supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 4162063) and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS (No. 2015091).

7 CFR 1260.118 - Cattle.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEEF PROMOTION AND RESEARCH Beef Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1260.118 Cattle. Cattle means live domesticated bovine animals...

7 CFR 1260.118 - Cattle.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEEF PROMOTION AND RESEARCH Beef Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1260.118 Cattle. Cattle means live domesticated bovine animals...

7 CFR 1260.118 - Cattle.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEEF PROMOTION AND RESEARCH Beef Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1260.118 Cattle. Cattle means live domesticated bovine animals...

7 CFR 1260.118 - Cattle.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEEF PROMOTION AND RESEARCH Beef Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1260.118 Cattle. Cattle means live domesticated bovine animals...

Spectral and ion emission features of laser-produced Sn and SnO2 plasmas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hui, Lan; Xin-Bing, Wang; Du-Luo, Zuo

2016-03-01

We have made a detailed comparison of the atomic and ionic debris, as well as the emission features of Sn and SnO2 plasmas under identical experimental conditions. Planar slabs of pure metal Sn and ceramic SnO2 are irradiated with 1.06 μm, 8 ns Nd:YAG laser pulses. Fast photography employing an intensified charge coupled device (ICCD), optical emission spectroscopy (OES), and optical time of flight emission spectroscopy are used as diagnostic tools. Our results show that the Sn plasma provides a higher extreme ultraviolet (EUV) conversion efficiency (CE) than the SnO2 plasma. However, the kinetic energies of Sn ions are relatively low compared with those of SnO2. OES studies show that the Sn plasma parameters (electron temperature and density) are lower compared to those of the SnO2 plasma. Furthermore, we also give the effects of the vacuum degree and the laser pulse energy on the plasma parameters. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11304235) and the Director Fund of WNLO, China.

Reserving Interior Void Space for Volume Change Accommodation: An Example of Cable-Like MWNTs@SnO2@C Composite for Superior Lithium and Sodium Storage.

PubMed

Zhao, Yi; Wei, Chao; Sun, Shengnan; Wang, Luyuan Paul; Xu, Zhichuan J

2015-06-01

Reserving interior void space in the cable-like structure of multiwalled carbon nanotubes-in-SnO 2 -in-carbon layer (MWNTs@SnO 2 @C) is reported for the first time. Such a design enables the structure performing excellent for Li and Na storage, which benefit from the good electrical conductivity of MWNTs and carbon layer as well as the reserved void space to accommodate the volume changes of SnO 2 .

Reactions in Electrodeposited Cu/Sn and Cu/Ni/Sn Nanoscale Multilayers for Interconnects

PubMed Central

Chia, Pay Ying; Haseeb, A. S. M. A.; Mannan, Samjid Hassan

2016-01-01

Miniaturization of electronic devices has led to the development of 3D IC packages which require ultra-small-scale interconnections. Such small interconnects can be completely converted into Cu-Sn based intermetallic compounds (IMCs) after reflow. In an effort to improve IMC based interconnects, an attempt is made to add Ni to Cu-Sn-based IMCs. Multilayer interconnects consisting of stacks of Cu/Sn/Cu/Sn/Cu or Cu/Ni/Sn/Ni/Sn/Cu/Ni/Sn/Ni/Cu with Ni = 35 nm, 70 nm, and 150 nm were electrodeposited sequentially using copper pyrophosphate, tin methanesulfonic, and nickel Watts baths, respectively. These multilayer interconnects were investigated under room temperature aging conditions and for solid-liquid reactions, where the samples were subjected to 250 °C reflow for 60 s and also 300 °C for 3600 s. The progress of the reaction in the multilayers was monitored by using X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope, and Energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. FIB-milled samples were also prepared for investigation under room temperature aging conditions. Results show that by inserting a 70 nanometres thick Ni layer between copper and tin, premature reaction between Cu and Sn at room temperature can be avoided. During short reflow, the addition of Ni suppresses formation of Cu3Sn IMC. With increasing Ni thickness, Cu consumption is decreased and Ni starts acting as a barrier layer. On the other hand, during long reflow, two types of IMC were found in the Cu/Ni/Sn samples which are the (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 and (Cu,Ni)3Sn, respectively. Details of the reaction sequence and mechanisms are discussed. PMID:28773552

Study of Sn and SnAgCu Solders Wetting Reaction on Ni/Pd/Au Substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, C. Y.; Wei, Y. S.; Lin, E. J.; Hsu, Y. C.; Tang, Y. K.

2016-12-01

Wetting reactions of pure Sn and Sn-Ag-Cu solder balls on Au(100 Å and 1000 Å)/Pd(500 Å)/Ni substrates were investigated. The (Au, Pd)Sn4 phase formed in the initial interfacial reaction between pure Sn and Au(100 Å and 1000 Å)/Pd(500 Å)/Ni substrates. Then, the initially formed (Au, Pd)Sn4 compound layer either dissolved or spalled into the molten Sn solder with 3 s of reflowing. The exposed Ni under-layer reacted with Sn solder and formed an interfacial Ni3Sn4 compound. We did not observe spalling compound in the Sn-Ag-Cu case, either on the thin Au (100 Å) or the thick Au (1000 Å) substrates. This implies that the Cu content in the Sn-Ag-Cu solder can efficiently suppress the spalling effect and really stabilize the interfacial layer. Sn-Ag-Cu solder has a better wetting than that of the pure Sn solder, regardless of the Au thickness of the Au/Pd/Ni substrate. For both cases of pure Sn and Sn-Ag-Cu, the initial wetting (<3-s reflowing) on the thin Au (100 Å) substrate is better than that of the thick Au (1000 Å) substrate. Over 3-s reflowing, the wetting on the thicker Au layer (1000 Å) substrate becomes better than the wetting on the thinner Au layer (100 Å) substrate.

Fabrication of textured SnO2 transparent conductive films using self-assembled Sn nanospheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fukumoto, Michitaka; Nakao, Shoichiro; Hirose, Yasushi; Hasegawa, Tetsuya

2018-06-01

We present a novel method to fabricate textured surfaces on transparent conductive SnO2 films by processing substrates through a bottom-up technique with potential for industrially scalable production. The substrate processing consists of three steps: deposition of precursor Sn films on glass substrates, formation of a self-assembled Sn nanosphere layer with reductive annealing, and conversion of Sn to SnO2 by oxidative annealing. Ta-doped SnO2 films conformally deposited on the self-assembled nanospherical SnO2 templates exhibited attractive optical and electrical properties, namely, enhanced haze values and low sheet resistances, for applications as transparent electrodes in photovoltaics.

STRUCTURE AND HIGH-FIELD PERFORMANCE OF JELLY ROLL PROCESSED Nb{sub 3}Sn WIRES USING Sn-Ta AND Sn-Ti BASED ALLOY SHEET

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tachikawa, K.; Tsuyuki, T.; Hayashi, Y.

Sn-Ta based alloy buttons of different compositions were prepared by the melt diffusion process among constituent metal powders, and then pressed into plates. Meanwhile Sn-Ti based alloy plates were sliced from the melt and cast ingot. Resulting Sn-based alloy plates were rolled into thin sheets. The Sn-based alloy sheet was laminated with a Nb sheet, and wound into a Jelly Roll (JR) composite. The composite was encased in a sheath, and fabricated into a thin wire followed by the heat treatment. The application of hydrostatic extrusion is useful at the initial stage of the fabrication. The JR wires using Sn-Tamore » and Sn-Ti based alloy sheets show a non-Cu J{sub c} of {approx}250 A/mm{sup 2} and {approx}150 A/mm{sup 2} at 20 T and 22 T, respectively, at 4.2 K. It has been found that the Nb impregnates into the Sn-based alloy layers during the reaction, and Nb{sub 3}Sn layers are synthesized by the mutual diffusion between the Nb sheet and the Sn-based alloy sheet without formation of voids. Sn-Ti based alloy sheets are attractive due to their easiness of mass production. Structure and high-field performance of JR processed Nb{sub 3}Sn wires prepared from Sn-based alloy sheets with different compositions are compared in this article.« less

Effect of Sn Content in a CuSnZn Metal Precursor on Formation of MoSe2 Film during Selenization in Se+SnSe Vapor

PubMed Central

Yao, Liyong; Ao, Jianping; Jeng, Ming-Jer; Bi, Jinlian; Gao, Shoushuai; Sun, Guozhong; He, Qing; Zhou, Zhiqiang; Sun, Yun; Chang, Liann-Be

2016-01-01

The preparation of Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin films by the selenization of an electrodeposited copper–tin–zinc (CuSnZn) precursor with various Sn contents in low-pressure Se+SnSex vapor was studied. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurements revealed that the Sn content of the precursor that is used in selenization in a low-pressure Se+SnSex vapor atmosphere only slightly affects the elemental composition of the formed CZTSe films. However, the Sn content of the precursor significantly affects the grain size and surface morphology of CZTSe films. A metal precursor with a very Sn-poor composition produces CZTSe films with large grains and a rough surface, while a metal precursor with a very Sn-rich composition procures CZTSe films with small grains and a compact surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM revealed that the metal precursor with a Sn-rich composition can grow a thicker MoSe2 thin film at CZTSe/Mo interface than one with a Sn-poor composition, possibly because excess Sn in the precursor may catalyze the formation of MoSe2 thin film. A CZTSe solar cell with an efficiency of 7.94%was realized by using an electrodeposited metal precursor with a Sn/Cu ratio of 0.5 in selenization in a low-pressure Se+SnSex vapor. PMID:28773366

33 CFR 118.110 - Daymarks and lateral lighting on bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... bridges. 118.110 Section 118.110 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.110 Daymarks and lateral lighting on bridges. (a... through bridges with U.S. aids to navigation system lateral marks and lights installed on the...

28 CFR 0.118 - Office of Chief Administrative Hearing Officer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Officer. 0.118 Section 0.118 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ORGANIZATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Executive Office for Immigration Review § 0.118 Office of Chief Administrative Hearing... Law Judges in performance of their duties in accordance with 8 U.S.C. 1324 A and B. ...

34 CFR 300.118 - Children in public or private institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Children in public or private institutions. 300.118 Section 300.118 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF... EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES State Eligibility Least Restrictive Environment (lre) § 300.118...

33 CFR 118.110 - Daymarks and lateral lighting on bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... bridges. 118.110 Section 118.110 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.110 Daymarks and lateral lighting on bridges. (a... through bridges with U.S. aids to navigation system lateral marks and lights installed on the...

Electronic structure and p-type doping of ZnSnN2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Tianshi; Janotti, Anderson; Ni, Chaoying

ZnSnN2 is a promising solar-cell absorber material composed of earth abundant elements. Little is known about doping, defects, and how the valence and conduction bands in this material align with the bands in other semiconductors. Using density functional theory with the the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof hybrid functional (HSE06), we investigate the electronic structure of ZnSnN2, its band alignment to other semiconductors, such as GaN and ZnO, the possibility of p-type doping, and the possible causes of the observed unintentional n-type conductivity. We find that the position of the valence-band maximum of ZnSnN2 is 0.55 eV higher than that of GaN, yet the conduction-band minimum is close to that in ZnO. As possible p-type dopants, we explore Li, Na, and K substituting on the Zn site. Finally, we discuss the cause of unintentional n-type conductivity by analyzing the position of the conduction-band minimum with respect to that of GaN and ZnO.

37 CFR 11.8 - Oath and registration fee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Oath and registration fee. 11.8 Section 11.8 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE REPRESENTATION OF OTHERS BEFORE THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE...

Synergetic Effect of Yolk-Shell Structure and Uniform Mixing of SnS-MoS₂ Nanocrystals for Improved Na-Ion Storage Capabilities.

PubMed

Choi, Seung Ho; Kang, Yun Chan

2015-11-11

Mixed metal sulfide composite microspheres with a yolk-shell structure for sodium-ion batteries are studied. Tin-molybdenum oxide yolk-shell microspheres prepared by a one-pot spray pyrolysis process transform into yolk-shell SnS-MoS2 composite microspheres. The discharge capacities of the yolk-shell and dense-structured SnS-MoS2 composite microspheres for the 100th cycle are 396 and 207 mA h g(-1), and their capacity retentions measured from the second cycle are 89 and 47%, respectively. The yolk-shell SnS-MoS2 composite microspheres with high structural stability during repeated sodium insertion and desertion processes have low charge-transfer resistance even after long-term cycling. The synergetic effect of the yolk-shell structure and uniform mixing of the SnS and MoS2 nanocrystals result in the excellent sodium-ion storage properties of the yolk-shell SnS-MoS2 composite microspheres by improving their structural stability during cycling.

44 CFR 206.118 - Disposal of housing units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... directly to a State or other governmental entity, or to a voluntary organization, for the sole purpose of... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Disposal of housing units. 206.118 Section 206.118 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY...

44 CFR 206.118 - Disposal of housing units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... directly to a State or other governmental entity, or to a voluntary organization, for the sole purpose of... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Disposal of housing units. 206.118 Section 206.118 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY...

44 CFR 206.118 - Disposal of housing units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... directly to a State or other governmental entity, or to a voluntary organization, for the sole purpose of... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Disposal of housing units. 206.118 Section 206.118 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY...

44 CFR 206.118 - Disposal of housing units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... directly to a State or other governmental entity, or to a voluntary organization, for the sole purpose of... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Disposal of housing units. 206.118 Section 206.118 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY...

33 CFR 118.120 - Radar reflectors and racons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Radar reflectors and racons. 118... BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.120 Radar reflectors and racons. The District Commander may require or authorize the installation of radar reflectors and racons on bridge structures, stakes...

33 CFR 118.120 - Radar reflectors and racons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Radar reflectors and racons. 118... BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.120 Radar reflectors and racons. The District Commander may require or authorize the installation of radar reflectors and racons on bridge structures, stakes...

33 CFR 118.120 - Radar reflectors and racons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Radar reflectors and racons. 118... BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.120 Radar reflectors and racons. The District Commander may require or authorize the installation of radar reflectors and racons on bridge structures, stakes...

33 CFR 118.120 - Radar reflectors and racons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Radar reflectors and racons. 118... BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.120 Radar reflectors and racons. The District Commander may require or authorize the installation of radar reflectors and racons on bridge structures, stakes...

33 CFR 118.120 - Radar reflectors and racons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Radar reflectors and racons. 118... BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.120 Radar reflectors and racons. The District Commander may require or authorize the installation of radar reflectors and racons on bridge structures, stakes...

42 CFR 136.118 - Effect on existing rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Effect on existing rights. 136.118 Section 136.118 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES INDIAN HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES INDIAN HEALTH Grants for Development, Construction, and Operation of...

Characterization of Endogenous Plasmids from Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118▿ †

PubMed Central

Fang, Fang; Flynn, Sarah; Li, Yin; Claesson, Marcus J.; van Pijkeren, Jan-Peter; Collins, J. Kevin; van Sinderen, Douwe; O'Toole, Paul W.

2008-01-01

The genome of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118 comprises a 1.83-Mb chromosome, a 242-kb megaplasmid (pMP118), and two smaller plasmids of 20 kb (pSF118-20) and 44 kb (pSF118-44). Annotation and bioinformatic analyses suggest that both of the smaller plasmids replicate by a theta replication mechanism. Furthermore, it appears that they are transmissible, although neither possesses a complete set of conjugation genes. Plasmid pSF118-20 encodes a toxin-antitoxin system composed of pemI and pemK homologs, and this plasmid could be cured when PemI was produced in trans. The minimal replicon of pSF118-20 was determined by deletion analysis. Shuttle vector derivatives of pSF118-20 were generated that included the replication region (pLS203) and the replication region plus mobilization genes (pLS208). The plasmid pLS203 was stably maintained without selection in Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, and the pSF118-20-cured derivative strain of L. salivarius UCC118 (strain LS201). Cloning in pLS203 of genes encoding luciferase and green fluorescent protein, and expression from a constitutive L. salivarius promoter, demonstrated the utility of this vector for the expression of heterologous genes in Lactobacillus. This study thus expands the knowledge base and vector repertoire of probiotic lactobacilli. PMID:18390685

18 CFR 11.8 - Adjustment of annual charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Adjustment of annual charges. 11.8 Section 11.8 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION... in effect as fixed unless changed as authorized by law. [51 FR 24318, July 3, 1986] ...

18 CFR 11.8 - Adjustment of annual charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Adjustment of annual charges. 11.8 Section 11.8 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION... in effect as fixed unless changed as authorized by law. [51 FR 24318, July 3, 1986] ...

18 CFR 11.8 - Adjustment of annual charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Adjustment of annual charges. 11.8 Section 11.8 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION... in effect as fixed unless changed as authorized by law. [51 FR 24318, July 3, 1986] ...

18 CFR 11.8 - Adjustment of annual charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Adjustment of annual charges. 11.8 Section 11.8 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION... in effect as fixed unless changed as authorized by law. [51 FR 24318, July 3, 1986] ...

18 CFR 11.8 - Adjustment of annual charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Adjustment of annual charges. 11.8 Section 11.8 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION... in effect as fixed unless changed as authorized by law. [51 FR 24318, July 3, 1986] ...

Enhanced cyclic stability of SnS microplates with conformal carbon coating derived from ethanol vapor deposition for sodium-ion batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Xiang; Liu, Jiangwen; Ouyang, Liuzhang; Yuan, Bin; Yang, Lichun; Zhu, Min

2018-04-01

Carbon coated SnS microplates (SnS@C MPs) were prepared via a facile chemical vapor deposition method using SnS2 nanoflakes as precursor and ethanol vapor as carbon source. The carbon coating restrains the growth of SnS during the heat treatment. Furthermore, it improves the electronic conductivity as well as accommodates volume variations of SnS during the sodiation and desodiation processes. Therefore, the rate capability and cycle performance of the SnS@C MPs as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries are remarkably enhanced compared with the bare SnS and the SnS2 precursor. At current densities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 A g-1, the optimized SnS@C MPs exhibit stable capacities of 602.9, 532.1, 512.2, 465.9 and 427.2 mAh g-1, respectively. At 1 A g-1, they show a reversible capacity of 528.8 mAh g-1 in the first cycle, and maintain 444.7 mAh g-1 after 50 cycles, with capacity retention of 84.1%. The carbon coating through chemical vapor deposition using ethanol vapor as carbon sources is green, simple and cost-effective, which shows great promise to improve the reversible Na+ storage of electrode materials.

Facile synthesis of SnO2/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite for supercapacitor capacitor applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rani, B. Jansi; Saravanakumar, B.; Ravi, G.; Yuvakkumar, R.

2018-05-01

Facile and economically viable one step hydrothermal route was adapted to synthesis SnO2/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite with and without hexamine (HMT) as surfactant successfully. The formation of SnO2/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite was confirmed through XRD, Raman, PL and FTIR studies. The presence of well defined XRD diffraction peaks of both SnO2 and α-Fe2O3 revealed the formation SnO2/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite. The obtained characteristic Raman active (Eg+Eg+Eu+A2u) mode of vibrations confirmed the formation of SnO2/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite. Photoluminescence study revealed the emission behavior of the product. Metal oxygen vibrations of Fe-O in both octahedral, tetrahedral sites and Sn-O were confirmed by the bands located at 466, 580 and 673 cm-1 respectively through FTIR. The spherical morphology of the product synthesized with and without the surfactant HMT has been revealed by SEM images. The electrochemical behavior of the product was investigated through CV and EIS studies in 1M Na2SO4 electrolyte solution and obtained the highest specific capacitance of 211.25 F/g at 5 mV for the surfactant assisted product.

46 CFR 118.320 - Fire hoses and nozzles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... commercial fire hose that conforms to Underwriters Laboratory (UL) 19 “Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies... National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1963 “Fire Hose Connections,” or other standard specified by... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Fire hoses and nozzles. 118.320 Section 118.320 Shipping...

46 CFR 118.320 - Fire hoses and nozzles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... commercial fire hose that conforms to Underwriters Laboratory (UL) 19 “Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies... National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1963 “Fire Hose Connections,” or other standard specified by... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Fire hoses and nozzles. 118.320 Section 118.320 Shipping...

46 CFR 118.320 - Fire hoses and nozzles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... commercial fire hose that conforms to Underwriters Laboratory (UL) 19 “Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies... National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1963 “Fire Hose Connections,” or other standard specified by... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fire hoses and nozzles. 118.320 Section 118.320 Shipping...

46 CFR 118.320 - Fire hoses and nozzles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... commercial fire hose that conforms to Underwriters Laboratory (UL) 19 “Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies... National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1963 “Fire Hose Connections,” or other standard specified by... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Fire hoses and nozzles. 118.320 Section 118.320 Shipping...

46 CFR 118.320 - Fire hoses and nozzles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... commercial fire hose that conforms to Underwriters Laboratory (UL) 19 “Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies... National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1963 “Fire Hose Connections,” or other standard specified by... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire hoses and nozzles. 118.320 Section 118.320 Shipping...

Interactions at the planar Ag3Sn/liquid Sn interface under ultrasonic irradiation.

PubMed

Shao, Huakai; Wu, Aiping; Bao, Yudian; Zhao, Yue; Liu, Lei; Zou, Guisheng

2017-11-01

The interactions at the interface between planar Ag 3 Sn and liquid Sn under ultrasonic irradiation were investigated. An intensive thermal grooving process occurred at Ag 3 Sn grain boundaries due to ultrasonic effects. Without ultrasonic application, planar shape of Ag 3 Sn layer gradually evolved into scalloped morphology after the solid-state Sn melting, due to a preferential dissolution of the intermetallic compounds from the regions at grain boundaries, which left behind the grooves embedding in the Ag 3 Sn layer. Under the effect of ultrasonic, stable grooves could be rapidly generated within an extremely short time (<10s) that was far less than the traditional soldering process (>10min). In addition, the deepened grooves leaded to the formation of necks at the roots of Ag 3 Sn grains, and further resulted in the strong detachment of intermetallic grains from the substrate. The intensive thermal grooving could promote the growth of Ag 3 Sn grains in the vertical direction but restrain their coarsening in the horizontal direction, consequently, an elongated morphology was presented. All these phenomena could be attributed to the acoustic cavitation and streaming effects of ultrasonic vibration. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Small-Scale Structure of High-Velocity Na I Absorption Toward M81

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roth, K. C.; Meyer, D. M.; Lauroesch, J. T.

2000-12-01

We present high-resolution (R=20,000) integral field spectra of the Na I absorption toward the nucleus of the nearby spiral galaxy M81 (NGC 3031) obtained in April 2000 with the WIYN 3.5-m telescope and the DensePak fiber optic bundle. Our DensePak map covers the central 27 x 43 arcsec of M81 at a spatial resolution of 4 arcsec which corresponds to a projected length scale of 63 pc at the distance of the galaxy (3.25 Mpc). These data were intended to explore the spatial extent of high-velocity (v = 110-130 km/s) gas seen in Na I, Mg I and Mg II absorption toward SN 1993J by Bowen et al. (1994), which they proposed is due to tidal material associated with interactions between M81 and nearby M82 (Yun, Ho & Lo 1993). No H I gas at these velocities has been detected in 21 cm interferometry maps near the position of SN 1993J (2.6 arcmin SW of the M81 nucleus). Our Na I map of the M81 core shows no evidence of the strong absorption seen at v = 110-130 km/s toward SN 1993J. However, our map does reveal a strong Na I component at v = 220 km/s in several fibers that appears to trace a filamentary structure running from the SW to the NE across the M81 nuclear region. The origin and distance of this filament are unknown. No H I gas at v = 220 km/s has previously been detected in 21 cm studies of the core. At the location of SN 1993J, Bowen et al. measured weak Mg II absorption at this velocity but found no evidence of corresponding Na I absorption. The only known H I gas that corresponds to this velocity in the M81 group are the H I streamers found around M82 by Yun, Ho, & Lo that they interpreted as tidally disrupted M82 disk material.

Metallic Sn spheres and SnO2@C core-shells by anaerobic and aerobic catalytic ethanol and CO oxidation reactions over SnO2 nanoparticles

PubMed Central

Kim, Won Joo; Lee, Sung Woo; Sohn, Youngku

2015-01-01

SnO2 has been studied intensely for applications to sensors, Li-ion batteries and solar cells. Despite this, comparatively little attention has been paid to the changes in morphology and crystal phase that occur on the metal oxide surface during chemical reactions. This paper reports anaerobic and aerobic ethanol and CO oxidation reactions over SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs), as well as the subsequent changes in the nature of the NPs. Uniform SnO2@C core-shells (10 nm) were formed by an aerobic ethanol oxidation reaction over SnO2 NPs. On the other hand, metallic Sn spheres were produced by an anaerobic ethanol oxidation reaction at 450 °C, which is significantly lower than that (1200 °C) used in industrial Sn production. Anaerobic and aerobic CO oxidation reactions were also examined. The novelty of the methods for the production of metallic Sn and SnO2@C core-shells including other anaerobic and aerobic reactions will contribute significantly to Sn and SnO2-based applications. PMID:26300041

Preparation of Chiral Triacylglycerols, sn-POO and sn-OOP, via Lipase-mediated Acidolysis Reaction.

PubMed

Yamamoto, Yukihiro; Yoshida, Hiroki; Nagai, Toshiharu; Hara, Setsuko

2018-02-01

It is well known that lipases are useful tools for preparing various structured triacylglycerols (TAGs). However, the lipase-mediated preparation of chiral TAGs has never been reported. This study aimed to prepare chiral TAGs (viz., 1-palmitoyl-2,3-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol (sn-POO) or 1,2-dioleoyl-3-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol (sn-OOP)) via lipase mediated acidolysis, using triolein (TO) and palmitic acid (P) as substrates. Three commercially available lipases (viz., Lipozyme RM-IM ® , Lipozyme TL-IM ® , and Lipase OF ® ) were used. Lipozyme RM-IM ® resulted in an increase 1P-2O (sn-POO + sn-OOP + 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol) content with reaction time, which plateaued at 2~24 h (max. yield 47.1% at 4 h). The highest sn-POO/sn-OOP ratio of ca. 9 was obtained at 0.25 h, and the rate got close to 1 with reaction time (sn-POO/sn-OOP = 1.3 at 24 h). Lipozyme TL-IM ® resulted in a lower 1P-2O synthesis rate than Lipozyme RM-IM ® , where its highest sn-POO/sn-OOP ratio of ca. 2 was obtained at 0.25 h and did not vary much further with reaction time. In the case of Lipase OF ® , its reaction rate for 1P-2O synthesis was lower than that of the other two lipases, and the highest sn-POO/sn-OOP ratio of ca. 1.4 was obtained at 0.5 h, reaching closer to 1 with a longer reaction time. Reaction solvents (viz., hexane, acetone, and benzene) also affected the 1P-2O preparation, where the highest 1P-2O content was obtained with the solvent-free system. Furthermore, the solvent-free system showed a higher reaction rate for 1P-2O synthesis than did the hexane system, with no effect on chiral specificity of the lipase for the TAG molecules. These results suggested that among three types of commercial lipase, Lipozyme RM-IM ® is the most useful for the preparation of chiral TAGs by acidolysis reaction.

Effect of Sn-Ag-Cu on the Improvement of Electromigration Behavior in Sn-58Bi Solder Joint

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Fengjiang; Zhou, Lili; Zhang, Zhijie; Wang, Jiheng; Wang, Xiaojing; Wu, Mingfang

2017-10-01

Reliability issues caused by the formation of a Bi-rich layer at the anode interface usually occurs in the Sn-58Bi eutectic solder joint during electromigration (EM). To improve the EM performance of a Sn-58Bi solder joint, Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder was introduced into it to produce SnBi-SnAgCu structural or compositional composite joints, and their EM behaviors were investigated with the current density of 1.0 × 104 A/cm2 for different stressing times. The structure of the compositional composite solder joint was obtained by the occurrence of partial or full mixing between Sn-Bi and Sn-Ag-Cu solder with a suitable soldering temperature. In the structural composite joint, melted Sn-Bi was partially mixed with Sn-Ag-Cu solder to produce a Cu/Sn-Bi/Sn-Ag-Cu/Sn-Bi/Cu structure. In the compositional composite joint, full melting and mixing between these two solders occurred to produce a Cu/Sn-Ag-Cu-Bi/Cu structure, in which the solder matrix was a homogeneous structure including Sn, Bi phases, Cu6Sn5 and Ag3Sn IMCs. After current stressing, the EM performance of Sn-Bi solder was obviously improved with the structural or the compositional composite joint. In Sn-58Bi joints, a thick Bi-rich layer was easily produced at the anode interface, and obviously increased with stressing time. However, after current stressing on the structural composite joints, the existence of s Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu interlayer between the two Sn-58Bi solders effectively acted as a diffusion barrier and significantly slowed the formation of the Bi-rich layer at the anode side and the IMC thicknesses at the interfaces.

High-pressure high-temperature crystal growth of equiatomic rare earth stannides RENiSn and REPdSn

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Heymann, Gunter; Heying, Birgit; Rodewald, Ute Ch.

2016-04-15

The two series of equiatomic rare earth (RE) stannides RENiSn and REPdSn were systematically studied with respect to high-pressure modifications. The normal-pressure (NP) low-temperature (LT) modifications were synthesized by arc-melting and subsequently treated under high-pressure (P{sub max}=11.5 GPa) and high-temperature (T{sub max}=1570 K) conditions in a Walker-type multi-anvil press. The pressure and temperature conditions were systematically varied in order to improve the crystallization conditions. The new ZrNiAl-type high-pressure modifications HP-RENiSn (RE=Sc, Y, La, Gd–Lu) and HP-REPdSn (RE=Y, Sm–Dy) were obtained in 80 mg quantities, several of them in X-ray pure form. Some of the REPdSn stannides with the heavy raremore » earth elements show high-temperature (HT) modifications. The structures of HP-ScNiSn, HP-GdNiSn, HP-DyNiSn (both ZrNiAl-type), NP-YbNiSn, and HT-ErPdSn (both TiNiSi-type) were refined from single crystal diffractometer data, indicating full ordering of the transition metal and tin sites. TiNiSi-type NP-EuPdSn transforms to MgZn{sub 2}-type HP-EuPdSn: P6{sub 3}/mmc, a=588.5(2), c=917.0(3) pm, wR2=0.0769, 211 F{sup 2} values, 11 variables. The structure refinement indicated statistical occupancy of the palladium and tin sites on the tetrahedral network. The X-ray pure high-pressure phases were studied with respect to their magnetic properties. HP-YPdSn is a Pauli paramagnet. The susceptibility data of HP-TbNiSn, HP-DyNiSn, HP-GdPdSn, and HP-TbPdSn show experimental magnetic moments close to the free ion values of RE{sup 3+} and antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperature with the highest Néel temperature of 15.8 K for HP-TbPdSn. HP-SmPdSn shows the typical Van Vleck type behavior along with antiferromagnetic ordering at T{sub N}=5.1 K. HP-EuPdSn shows divalent europium and antiferromagnetic ordering at 8.9 K followed by a spin reorientation at 5.7 K. - Graphical abstract: Packing of the polyhedra in the high-pressure phase of

33 CFR 118.70 - Lights on swing bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Lights on swing bridges. 118.70... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.70 Lights on swing bridges. (a) Swing span lights on through bridges. Each... an approaching vessel the swing span when closed will display three red lights on top of the span...

33 CFR 118.65 - Lights on fixed bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Lights on fixed bridges. 118.65... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.65 Lights on fixed bridges. (a) Each fixed bridge span over a navigable... range of two green lights, and each margin of each navigable channel will be marked by a red light...

33 CFR 118.65 - Lights on fixed bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Lights on fixed bridges. 118.65... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.65 Lights on fixed bridges. (a) Each fixed bridge span over a navigable... range of two green lights, and each margin of each navigable channel will be marked by a red light...

33 CFR 118.70 - Lights on swing bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Lights on swing bridges. 118.70... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.70 Lights on swing bridges. (a) Swing span lights on through bridges. Each... an approaching vessel the swing span when closed will display three red lights on top of the span...

33 CFR 118.65 - Lights on fixed bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Lights on fixed bridges. 118.65... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.65 Lights on fixed bridges. (a) Each fixed bridge span over a navigable... range of two green lights, and each margin of each navigable channel will be marked by a red light...

33 CFR 118.70 - Lights on swing bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Lights on swing bridges. 118.70... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.70 Lights on swing bridges. (a) Swing span lights on through bridges. Each... an approaching vessel the swing span when closed will display three red lights on top of the span...

33 CFR 118.65 - Lights on fixed bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Lights on fixed bridges. 118.65... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.65 Lights on fixed bridges. (a) Each fixed bridge span over a navigable... range of two green lights, and each margin of each navigable channel will be marked by a red light...

33 CFR 118.70 - Lights on swing bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Lights on swing bridges. 118.70... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.70 Lights on swing bridges. (a) Swing span lights on through bridges. Each... an approaching vessel the swing span when closed will display three red lights on top of the span...

Electrochemical capacitance of nanostructured ruthenium-doped tin oxide Sn1- x Ru x O2 by the microemulsion method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saraswathy, Ramanathan

2017-12-01

Synthesis of nanostructured Ru-doped SnO2 was successfully carried out using the reverse microemulsion method. The phase purity and the crystallite size were analyzed by XRD. The surface morphology and the microstructure of synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed by SEM and TEM. The vibration mode of nanoparticles was investigated using FTIR and Raman studies. The electrochemical behavior of the Ru-doped SnO2 electrode was evaluated in a 0.1 mol/L Na2SO4 solution using cyclic voltammetry. The 5% Ru-doped SnO2 electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance of 535.6 F/g at a scan rate 20 mV/s, possessing good conductivity as well as the electrocycling stability. The Ru-doped SnO2 composite shows excellent electrochemical properties, suggesting that this composite is a promising material for supercapacitors.

Preparation, deformation, and failure of functional Al-Sn and Al-Sn-Pb nanocrystalline alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noskova, N. I.; Vil'Danova, N. F.; Filippov, Yu. I.; Churbaev, R. V.; Pereturina, I. A.; Korshunov, L. G.; Korznikov, A. V.

2006-12-01

Changes in the structure, hardness, mechanical properties, and friction coefficient of Al-30% Sn, Al-15% Sn-25% Pb, and Al-5% Sn-35% Pb (wt %) alloys subjected to severe plastic deformation by equal-channel angular pressing (with a force of 40 tonne) and by shear at a pressure of 5 GPa have been studied. The transition into the nanocrystalline state was shown to occur at different degrees of plastic deformation. The hardness exhibits nonmonotonic variations, namely, first it increases and subsequently decreases. The friction coefficient of the Al-30% Sn, Al-15% Sn-25% Pb, and Al-5% Sn-35% Pb alloys quenched from the melt was found to be 0.33; the friction coefficients of these alloys in the submicrocrystalline state (after equal-channel angular pressing) equal 0.24, 0.32, and 0.35, respectively. The effect of disintegration into nano-sized powders was found to occur in the Al-15% Sn-25% Pb, and Al-5% Sn-35% Pb alloys after severe plastic deformation to ɛ = 6.4 and subsequent short-time holding.

41 CFR 102-118.20 - Who is subject to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Who is subject to this part? 102-118.20 Section 102-118.20 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION...

40 CFR 81.118 - Southwest Missouri Intrastate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Quality Control Region. 81.118 Section 81.118 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Air Quality Control Regions § 81.118 Southwest Missouri Intrastate Air Quality Control Region. The Southwest Missouri Intrastate Air Quality Control Region consists of the territorial area encompassed by the...

40 CFR 81.118 - Southwest Missouri Intrastate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Quality Control Region. 81.118 Section 81.118 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Air Quality Control Regions § 81.118 Southwest Missouri Intrastate Air Quality Control Region. The Southwest Missouri Intrastate Air Quality Control Region consists of the territorial area encompassed by the...

Theoretical study of electronic structures and spectroscopic properties of Ga3Sn, GaSn3, and their ions.

PubMed

Zhu, Xiaolei

2007-01-01

Ground and excited states of mixed gallium stannide tetramers (Ga3Sn, Ga3Sn+, Ga3Sn-, GaSn3, GaSn3+, and GaSn3-) are investigated employing the complete active space self-consistent-field (CASSCF), density function theory (DFT), and the coupled-cluster single and double substitution (including triple excitations) (CCSD(T)) methods. The ground states of Ga3Sn, Ga3Sn+, and Ga3Sn- are found to be the 2A1, 3B1, and 1A1 states in C2v symmetry with a planar quadrilateral geometry, respectively. The ground states of GaSn3 and GaSn3- is predicted to be the 2A1 and 1A1 states in C2v point group with a planar quadrilateral structure, respectively, while the ground state of GaSn3+ is the 1A1 state with ideal triangular pyramid C3v geometry. Equilibrium geometries, vibrational frequencies, binding energies, electron affinities, ionization energies, and other properties of Ga3Sn and GaSn3 are computed and discussed. The anion photoelectron spectra of Ga3Sn- and GaSn3- are also predicted. It is interesting to find that the amount of charge transfer between Ga and Sn2 atoms in the 1A1 state of GaSn3+ greatly increases upon electron ionization from the 2A1 state of GaSn3, which may be caused by large geometry change. On the other hand, the results of the low-lying states of Ga3Sn and GaSn3 are compared with those of Ga3Si and GaSi3.

Theoretical study of electronic structures and spectroscopic properties of Ga 3Sn, GaSn 3, and their ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Xiaolei

2007-01-01

Ground and excited states of mixed gallium stannide tetramers (Ga 3Sn, Ga 3Sn +, Ga 3Sn -, GaSn 3, GaSn 3+, and GaSn 3-) are investigated employing the complete active space self-consistent-field (CASSCF), density function theory (DFT), and the coupled-cluster single and double substitution (including triple excitations) (CCSD(T)) methods. The ground states of Ga 3Sn, Ga 3Sn +, and Ga 3Sn - are found to be the 2A 1, 3B 1, and 1A 1 states in C2v symmetry with a planar quadrilateral geometry, respectively. The ground states of GaSn 3 and GaSn 3- is predicted to be the 2A 1 and 1A 1 states in C2v point group with a planar quadrilateral structure, respectively, while the ground state of GaSn 3+ is the 1A 1 state with ideal triangular pyramid C3v geometry. Equilibrium geometries, vibrational frequencies, binding energies, electron affinities, ionization energies, and other properties of Ga 3Sn and GaSn 3 are computed and discussed. The anion photoelectron spectra of Ga 3Sn - and GaSn 3- are also predicted. It is interesting to find that the amount of charge transfer between Ga and Sn 2 atoms in the 1A 1 state of GaSn 3+ greatly increases upon electron ionization from the 2A 1 state of GaSn 3, which may be caused by large geometry change. On the other hand, the results of the low-lying states of Ga 3Sn and GaSn 3 are compared with those of Ga 3Si and GaSi 3.

Core level line shapes and surface band structures of Sn/Ge(111) and Sn/Si(111)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uhrberg, Roger

2001-03-01

We have performed a comparative study of Sn/Ge(111) and the closely related Sn/Si(111) system, using photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). In similarity with the results from the Sn/Ge(111) surface, the Sn 4d spectra from Sn/Si(111) exhibit two major components and the valence band spectra show two surface state bands at both room temperature (RT) and 70 K. These features, which have been associated with the low temperature 3x3 phase in the case of Sn/Ge(111), are not expected for the rt3xrt3 RT surfaces. In contrast to Sn/Ge(111), we do not observe any transition to a 3x3 phase in LEED for Sn/Si(111) at temperatures down to 70 K (the lowest temperature in this study). Despite the absence of a 3x3 phase for Sn/Si(111) the core-level and the valence band data are very similar to those of Sn/Ge(111). The Sn 4d spectra show, however, one interesting difference. The intensity ratio of the two Sn 4d components is reversed for the Sn/Si(111) surface compared the Ge counterpart. This and the other PES results will be discussed in terms of the two different types of 3x3 periodicities that have been reported to be induced by substitutional defects on the Sn/Ge(111) surface [1]. [1] A.V. Melechko et al., Phys. Rev. B61, 2235 (2000)

33 CFR 118.80 - Lights on bascule bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Lights on bascule bridges. 118.80... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.80 Lights on bascule bridges. (a) Lift span lights. Each lift span of... green light which shows only when the span is fully open for the passage of a vessel and by a red light...

33 CFR 118.80 - Lights on bascule bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Lights on bascule bridges. 118.80... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.80 Lights on bascule bridges. (a) Lift span lights. Each lift span of... green light which shows only when the span is fully open for the passage of a vessel and by a red light...

33 CFR 118.80 - Lights on bascule bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Lights on bascule bridges. 118.80... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.80 Lights on bascule bridges. (a) Lift span lights. Each lift span of... green light which shows only when the span is fully open for the passage of a vessel and by a red light...

Water-Soluble Epitaxial NaCl Thin Film for Fabrication of Flexible Devices.

PubMed

Lee, Dong Kyu; Kim, Sungjoo; Oh, Sein; Choi, Jae-Young; Lee, Jong-Lam; Yu, Hak Ki

2017-08-18

We studied growth mechanisms of water-soluble NaCl thin films on single crystal substrates. Epitaxial growth of NaCl(100) on Si(100) and domain-matched growth of NaCl(111) on c-sapphire were obtained at thicknesses below 100 nm even at room temperature from low lattice mismatches in both cases. NaCl thin film, which demonstrates high solubility selectivity for water, was successfully applied as a water-soluble sacrificial layer for fabrication of several functional materials, such as WO 3 nano-helix and Sn doped In 2 O 3 nano-branches.

SN 2013fs and SN 2013fr: exploring the circumstellar-material diversity in Type II supernovae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bullivant, Christopher; Smith, Nathan; Williams, G. Grant; Mauerhan, Jon C.; Andrews, Jennifer E.; Fong, Wen-Fai; Bilinski, Christopher; Kilpatrick, Charles D.; Milne, Peter A.; Fox, Ori D.; Cenko, S. Bradley; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Zheng, WeiKang; Kelly, Patrick L.; Clubb, Kelsey I.

2018-05-01

We present photometry and spectroscopy of SN 2013fs and SN 2013fr in the first ˜100 d post-explosion. Both objects showed transient, relatively narrow H α emission lines characteristic of SNe IIn, but later resembled normal SNe II-P or SNe II-L, indicative of fleeting interaction with circumstellar material (CSM). SN 2013fs was discovered within 8 h of explosion; one of the earliest SNe discovered thus far. Its light curve exhibits a plateau, with spectra revealing strong CSM interaction at early times. It is a less luminous version of the transitional SN IIn PTF11iqb, further demonstrating a continuum of CSM interaction intensity between SNe II-P and SNe IIn. It requires dense CSM within 6.5 × 1014 cm of the progenitor, from a phase of advanced pre-SN mass loss beginning shortly before explosion. Spectropolarimetry of SN 2013fs shows little continuum polarization (˜0.5 per cent, consistent with zero), but noticeable line polarization during the plateau phase. SN 2013fr morphed from an SN IIn at early times to an SN II-L. After the first epoch, its narrow lines probably arose from host-galaxy emission, but the bright, narrow H α emission at early times may be intrinsic to the SN. As for SN 2013fs, this would point to a short-lived phase of strong CSM interaction if proven to be intrinsic, suggesting a continuum between SNe IIn and SNe II-L. It is a low-velocity SN II-L like SN 2009kr, but more luminous. SN 2013fr also developed an infrared excess at later times, due to warm CSM dust that requires a more sustained phase of strong pre-SN mass loss.

Host Galaxy Spectra of Stripped SN from the Palomar Transient Factory: SN Progenitor Diagnostics and the SN-GRB Connection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Modjaz, Maryam; Gal-Yam, Avishay; Arcavi, Iair

2012-02-01

Stripped core-collapse supernovae (Stripped SNe) are powerful cosmic engines that energize and enrich the ISM and that sometimes accompany GRBs, but the exact mass and metallicity range of their massive progenitors is not known, nor the detailed physics of the explosion. We propose to continue conducting the first uniform and statistically significant study of host galaxies of 60 stripped SNe from the same innovative, homogeneous and galaxy-unbiased survey Palomar Transient Factory in order to determine the environmental conditions that influence the various kinds of massive stellar deaths. By obtaining spectra of the immediate host environments of our sample of stripped SN, we will (1) measure local abundances in order to differentiate between the two progenitor scenarios for stripped SN and (2) derive stellar population ages, masses and star formation histories via detailed stellar population synthesis models. Moreover, we will test if natal chemical abundance has effects on basic SN characteristics, such as peak luminosity. Any observed trends will have ramifications on SN and GRB explosion models and imply important demographic SN considerations. Our dataset will provide a crucial complimentary set to host galaxy studies of long-duration GRBs and pave the way for host studies of transients and SN found via upcoming surveys such as LSST.

The Study on the Performance of Carbon Supported PtSnM (M = W, Pd, and Ni) Ternary Electro-Catalysts for Ethanol Electro-Oxidation Reaction.

PubMed

Noh, Chang Soo; Heo, Dong Hyun; Lee, Ki Rak; Jeon, Min Ku; Sohn, Jung Min

2016-05-01

PtSn/C and Pt5Sn4M/C (M = W, Pd, Ni) electrocatalysts were prepared by impregnation method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. Chemical composition, crystalline size, and alloy formation were determined by EDX, XRD and TEM. The average particle sizes of the synthesized catalysts were approximately 3.64-4.95 nm. The electro-chemical properties were measured by CO stripping, cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, and chronoamperometry. The maximum specific activity of the electro-catalysts for ethanol electro-oxidation was 406.08 mA m(-2) in Pt5Sn4Pd/C. The poisoning rate of the Pt5Sn4Pd/C (0.0017% s(-1)) was 4.5 times lower than that of the PtSn/C (0.0076% s(-1)).

Microstructural Evolution and Tensile Properties of SnAgCu Mixed with Sn-Pb Solder Alloys (Preprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

AFRL-RX-WP-TP-2009-4132 MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SnAgCu MIXED WITH Sn-Pb SOLDER ALLOYS (PREPRINT...PROPERTIES OF SnAgCu MIXED WITH Sn-Pb SOLDER ALLOYS (PREPRINT) 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER FA8650-04-C-5704 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT...ANSI Std. Z39-18 Microstructural evolution and tensile properties of SnAgCu mixed with Sn-Pb solder alloys Fengjiang Wang,1 Matthew O’Keefe,1,2 and

Hybrid Functional Study of Sodium and Potassium Incorporation in Cu2ZnSnS4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tse, Kin Fai; Wong, Manhoi; Zhang, Yiou; Zhang, Jingzhao; Zhu, Junyi

The thermodynamics of Na and K incorporation and its effects in Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is studied using density functional theory with hybrid functional. The allowed chemical potential of Na/K in CZTS is established. Formation energy calculations shows that Na can be significantly incorporated as both substitutional defects and interstitial defects, and incorporation of K related defects are generally less favorable. Transition energy calculations is performed showing that both Na and K exhibit benign defect properties and act as a p-type dopant. The qualitative disagreement between GGA with rigid band edge shifting and HSE calculations, formation of defect complexes, and implications in experiment will also be discussed. The understandings on the defect properties of Na and K provides an essential knowledge to further understand the surfactant effects of Na and K observed in experiments. This work is supported by General Research Fund Ref. No: 14319416.

STS-118 Space Shuttle Crew Honored

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-09-10

A special event honoring the crew of space shuttle mission STS-118 was held at Walt Disney World. Here, visitors enjoy the NASA display at Epcot's Innoventions Center. The event also honored teacher-turned-astronaut Barbara R. Morgan, who dedicated a plaque outside the Mission: Space attraction. Other activities included meeting with the media and students and a parade down Main Street. Mission STS-118 was the 119th shuttle program flight and the 22nd flight to the International Space Station. Space shuttle Endeavour launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center on Aug. 8 and landed Aug. 21. The mission delivered the S5 truss, continuing the assembly of the space station.

Synthesis and characterisations of SnO2 nanorods via low temperature hydrothermal method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Inderan, Vicinisvarri; Lim, Shin Ye; Ong, Teng Sian; Bastien, Samuel; Braidy, Nadi; Lee, Hooi Ling

2015-12-01

In the present study, tin oxide (SnO2) nanorods were successfully synthesized through hydrothermal treatment at a relatively low temperature (180 °C) using various concentrations of metal precursor, SnCl4·5H2O (0.04 M-0.16 M) in a mixed solution of ethanol and water before bringing the pH to 13 by adding 6 M NaOH. The effect of concentration on the morphology and structure of SnO2 were comprehensively studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). It was found that increasing the concentration of tin precursor from 0.04 M to 0.16 M leads to a complete conversion from nanospheres to nanoplates and finally to nanorods. The SEM results confirmed that SnO2 nanorods are obtained for concentrations up to 0.12 M. At synthesis condition of 0.12 M, SnCl4·5H2O and pH 13, single rutile nanorods with preferential growth in the [002] direction were obtained. It was found that the diameter of nanorods formed at 0.12 M is similar to that of nanoplates formed at 0.08 M (20 nm), which suggests that spear-shaped nanorods might have originated from the primary nanoparticles (the particles grown in lower concentration during hydrothermal treatment). Possible reaction mechanisms are proposed to explain the observed morphologies.

7 CFR 1280.118 - Promotion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LAMB PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Lamb Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1280.118 Promotion. Promotion... information and public relations with emphasis on new marketing strategies, to present a favorable image of U...

24 CFR 972.118 - Applicability of Uniform Relocation Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Applicability of Uniform Relocation Act. 972.118 Section 972.118 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban... URBAN DEVELOPMENT CONVERSION OF PUBLIC HOUSING TO TENANT-BASED ASSISTANCE Required Conversion of Public...

32 CFR 552.118 - Issuance from unit arms room.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Issuance from unit arms room. 552.118 Section 552... AND NATIONAL CEMETERIES REGULATIONS AFFECTING MILITARY RESERVATIONS Physical Security of Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives-Fort Lewis, Washington § 552.118 Issuance from unit arms room. When privately...

32 CFR 552.118 - Issuance from unit arms room.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Issuance from unit arms room. 552.118 Section... RESERVATIONS AND NATIONAL CEMETERIES REGULATIONS AFFECTING MILITARY RESERVATIONS Physical Security of Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives-Fort Lewis, Washington § 552.118 Issuance from unit arms room. When privately...

32 CFR 552.118 - Issuance from unit arms room.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Issuance from unit arms room. 552.118 Section 552... AND NATIONAL CEMETERIES REGULATIONS AFFECTING MILITARY RESERVATIONS Physical Security of Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives-Fort Lewis, Washington § 552.118 Issuance from unit arms room. When privately...

32 CFR 552.118 - Issuance from unit arms room.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2012-07-01 2009-07-01 true Issuance from unit arms room. 552.118 Section 552... AND NATIONAL CEMETERIES REGULATIONS AFFECTING MILITARY RESERVATIONS Physical Security of Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives-Fort Lewis, Washington § 552.118 Issuance from unit arms room. When privately...

32 CFR 552.118 - Issuance from unit arms room.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Issuance from unit arms room. 552.118 Section... RESERVATIONS AND NATIONAL CEMETERIES REGULATIONS AFFECTING MILITARY RESERVATIONS Physical Security of Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives-Fort Lewis, Washington § 552.118 Issuance from unit arms room. When privately...

Behavior of Sn atoms in GeSn thin films during thermal annealing: Ex-situ and in-situ observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takase, Ryohei; Ishimaru, Manabu; Uchida, Noriyuki; Maeda, Tatsuro; Sato, Kazuhisa; Lieten, Ruben R.; Locquet, Jean-Pierre

2016-12-01

Thermally induced crystallization processes for amorphous GeSn thin films with Sn concentrations beyond the solubility limit of the bulk crystal Ge-Sn binary system have been examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, and (scanning) transmission electron microscopy. We paid special attention to the behavior of Sn before and after recrystallization. In the as-deposited specimens, Sn atoms were homogeneously distributed in an amorphous matrix. Prior to crystallization, an amorphous-to-amorphous phase transformation associated with the rearrangement of Sn atoms was observed during heat treatment; this transformation is reversible with respect to temperature. Remarkable recrystallization occurred at temperatures above 400 °C, and Sn atoms were ejected from the crystallized GeSn matrix. The segregation of Sn became more pronounced with increasing annealing temperature, and the ejected Sn existed as a liquid phase. It was found that the molten Sn remains as a supercooled liquid below the eutectic temperature of the Ge-Sn binary system during the cooling process, and finally, β-Sn precipitates were formed at ambient temperature.

The 7SK snRNP associates with the little elongation complex to promote snRNA gene expression.

PubMed

Egloff, Sylvain; Vitali, Patrice; Tellier, Michael; Raffel, Raoul; Murphy, Shona; Kiss, Tamás

2017-04-03

The 7SK small nuclear RNP (snRNP), composed of the 7SK small nuclear RNA (snRNA), MePCE, and Larp7, regulates the mRNA elongation capacity of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) through controlling the nuclear activity of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb). Here, we demonstrate that the human 7SK snRNP also functions as a canonical transcription factor that, in collaboration with the little elongation complex (LEC) comprising ELL, Ice1, Ice2, and ZC3H8, promotes transcription of RNAPII-specific spliceosomal snRNA and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) genes. The 7SK snRNA specifically associates with a fraction of RNAPII hyperphosphorylated at Ser5 and Ser7, which is a hallmark of RNAPII engaged in snRNA synthesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChIRP) experiments revealed enrichments for all components of the 7SK snRNP on RNAPII-specific sn/snoRNA genes. Depletion of 7SK snRNA or Larp7 disrupts LEC integrity, inhibits RNAPII recruitment to RNAPII-specific sn/snoRNA genes, and reduces nascent snRNA and snoRNA synthesis. Thus, through controlling both mRNA elongation and sn/snoRNA synthesis, the 7SK snRNP is a key regulator of nuclear RNA production by RNAPII. © 2017 The Authors.

Effects of Sn and Sb on the corrosion resistance of AH 32 steel in a cargo oil tank environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahn, SooHoon; Park, Kyung Jin; Oh, KkochNim; Hwang, SungDoo; Park, ByungJoon; Kwon, HyukSang; Shon, MinYoung

2015-09-01

Effects of the alloying elements, Sn and Sb, on the corrosion resistance of modified AH 32 steel for the cargo oil tanks (COT) were examined using an electrochemical test and weight loss measurement. All experiments were carried out in acidic chloride solution (0.14 M HCl and 10 wt% NaCl, pH 0.85) at 30 °C, simulating the inner bottom plate of COT. It was clearly found that the small amount addition of Sn and Sb improved the corrosion resistance of modified AH 32 steel, which is confirmed by the higher polarization resistance of AH 32 steel modified with Sn and Sb addition compared with that of the base steel. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the corroded surface after immersion of 72 h presented that the AH 32 steel modified with Sn and Sb addition created the protective corrosion products including SnO2 and Sb2O5. These oxides act as high corrosion inhibitor to anodic corrosion reaction, and hence leading to the improvement in the corrosion resistance of the modified AH 32 steels.

27 CFR 20.118 - Rubbing alcohol general-use formula.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Rubbing alcohol general-use formula. 20.118 Section 20.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS DISTRIBUTION AND USE OF DENATURED ALCOHOL AND RUM...

27 CFR 20.118 - Rubbing alcohol general-use formula.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Rubbing alcohol general-use formula. 20.118 Section 20.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS DISTRIBUTION AND USE OF DENATURED ALCOHOL AND RUM...

Wafer-Level Hermetic Package by Low-Temperature Cu/Sn TLP Bonding with Optimized Sn Thickness

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Zijian; Cai, Jian; Wang, Qian; Wang, Junqiang; Wang, Dejun

2017-10-01

In this paper, a wafer-level package with hermetic sealing by low-temperature Cu/Sn transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding for a micro-electromechanical system was introduced. A Cu bump with a Sn cap and sealing ring were fabricated simultaneously by electroplating. The model of Cu/Sn TLP bonding was established and the thicknesses of Cu and Sn were optimized after a series of bonding experiments. Cu/Sn wafer-level bonding was undertaken at 260°C for 30 min under a vacuum condition. An average shear strength of 50.36 MPa and a fine leak rate of 1.9 × 10-8 atm cc/s were achieved. Scanning electron microscope photos of the Cu/Sn/Cu interlayers were presented, and energy dispersive x-ray analysis was conducted simultaneously. The results showed that the Sn was completely consumed to form the stable intermetallic compound Cu3Sn. An aging test of 200 h at 200°C was conducted to test the performance of the hermetic sealing, while the results of shear strength, fine leak rate and bonding interface were also set out.

Defect-free high Sn-content GeSn on insulator grown by rapid melting growth.

PubMed

Liu, Zhi; Cong, Hui; Yang, Fan; Li, Chuanbo; Zheng, Jun; Xue, Chunlai; Zuo, Yuhua; Cheng, Buwen; Wang, Qiming

2016-12-12

GeSn is an attractive semiconductor material for Si-based photonics. However, large lattice mismatch between GeSn and Si and the low solubility of Sn in Ge limit its development. In order to obtain high Sn-content GeSn on Si, it is normally grown at low temperature, which would lead to inevitable dislocations. Here, we reported a single-crystal defect-free graded GeSn on insulator (GSOI) stripes laterally grown by rapid melting growth (RMG). The Sn-content reaches to 14.2% at the end of the GSOI stripe. Transmission electron microscopy observation shows the GSOI stripe without stacking fault and dislocations. P-channel pseudo metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) and metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) Schottky junction photodetectors were fabricated on these GSOIs. Good transistor performance with a low field peak hole mobility of 402 cm 2 /Vs is obtained, which indicates a high-quality of this GSOI structure. Strong near-infrared and short-wave infrared optical absorption of the MSM photodetectors at 1550 nm and 2000 nm were observed. Owing to high Sn-content and defect-free, responsivity of 236 mA/W@-1.5 V is achieved at 1550 nm wavelength. In addition, responsivity reaches 154 mA/W@-1.5 V at 2000 nm with the optical absorption layer only 200 nm-thick, which is the highest value reported for GeSn junction photodetectors until now.

Defect-free high Sn-content GeSn on insulator grown by rapid melting growth

PubMed Central

Liu, Zhi; Cong, Hui; Yang, Fan; Li, Chuanbo; Zheng, Jun; Xue, Chunlai; Zuo, Yuhua; Cheng, Buwen; Wang, Qiming

2016-01-01

GeSn is an attractive semiconductor material for Si-based photonics. However, large lattice mismatch between GeSn and Si and the low solubility of Sn in Ge limit its development. In order to obtain high Sn-content GeSn on Si, it is normally grown at low temperature, which would lead to inevitable dislocations. Here, we reported a single-crystal defect-free graded GeSn on insulator (GSOI) stripes laterally grown by rapid melting growth (RMG). The Sn-content reaches to 14.2% at the end of the GSOI stripe. Transmission electron microscopy observation shows the GSOI stripe without stacking fault and dislocations. P-channel pseudo metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) and metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) Schottky junction photodetectors were fabricated on these GSOIs. Good transistor performance with a low field peak hole mobility of 402 cm2/Vs is obtained, which indicates a high-quality of this GSOI structure. Strong near-infrared and short-wave infrared optical absorption of the MSM photodetectors at 1550 nm and 2000 nm were observed. Owing to high Sn-content and defect-free, responsivity of 236 mA/W@-1.5 V is achieved at 1550 nm wavelength. In addition, responsivity reaches 154 mA/W@-1.5 V at 2000 nm with the optical absorption layer only 200 nm-thick, which is the highest value reported for GeSn junction photodetectors until now. PMID:27941825

Defect-free high Sn-content GeSn on insulator grown by rapid melting growth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Zhi; Cong, Hui; Yang, Fan; Li, Chuanbo; Zheng, Jun; Xue, Chunlai; Zuo, Yuhua; Cheng, Buwen; Wang, Qiming

2016-12-01

GeSn is an attractive semiconductor material for Si-based photonics. However, large lattice mismatch between GeSn and Si and the low solubility of Sn in Ge limit its development. In order to obtain high Sn-content GeSn on Si, it is normally grown at low temperature, which would lead to inevitable dislocations. Here, we reported a single-crystal defect-free graded GeSn on insulator (GSOI) stripes laterally grown by rapid melting growth (RMG). The Sn-content reaches to 14.2% at the end of the GSOI stripe. Transmission electron microscopy observation shows the GSOI stripe without stacking fault and dislocations. P-channel pseudo metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) and metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) Schottky junction photodetectors were fabricated on these GSOIs. Good transistor performance with a low field peak hole mobility of 402 cm2/Vs is obtained, which indicates a high-quality of this GSOI structure. Strong near-infrared and short-wave infrared optical absorption of the MSM photodetectors at 1550 nm and 2000 nm were observed. Owing to high Sn-content and defect-free, responsivity of 236 mA/W@-1.5 V is achieved at 1550 nm wavelength. In addition, responsivity reaches 154 mA/W@-1.5 V at 2000 nm with the optical absorption layer only 200 nm-thick, which is the highest value reported for GeSn junction photodetectors until now.

40 CFR 745.118 - Enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT LEAD-BASED PAINT POISONING PREVENTION IN CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES Disclosure of Known Lead-Based Paint and/or Lead-Based Paint Hazards Upon Sale or Lease of Residential Property § 745.118 Enforcement. (a) Any...

40 CFR 745.118 - Enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT LEAD-BASED PAINT POISONING PREVENTION IN CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES Disclosure of Known Lead-Based Paint and/or Lead-Based Paint Hazards Upon Sale or Lease of Residential Property § 745.118 Enforcement. (a) Any...

40 CFR 745.118 - Enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT LEAD-BASED PAINT POISONING PREVENTION IN CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES Disclosure of Known Lead-Based Paint and/or Lead-Based Paint Hazards Upon Sale or Lease of Residential Property § 745.118 Enforcement. (a) Any...

40 CFR 745.118 - Enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT LEAD-BASED PAINT POISONING PREVENTION IN CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES Disclosure of Known Lead-Based Paint and/or Lead-Based Paint Hazards Upon Sale or Lease of Residential Property § 745.118 Enforcement. (a) Any...

40 CFR 745.118 - Enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT LEAD-BASED PAINT POISONING PREVENTION IN CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES Disclosure of Known Lead-Based Paint and/or Lead-Based Paint Hazards Upon Sale or Lease of Residential Property § 745.118 Enforcement. (a) Any...

Impact of Sn/F Pre-Treatments on the Durability of Protective Coatings against Dentine Erosion/Abrasion

PubMed Central

Ganss, Carolina; Lussi, Adrian; Peutzfeldt, Anne; Naguib Attia, Nader; Schlueter, Nadine

2015-01-01

For preventing erosive wear in dentine, coating with adhesives has been suggested as an alternative to fluoridation. However, clinical studies have revealed limited efficacy. As there is first evidence that Sn2+ increases bond strength of the adhesive Clearfil SE (Kuraray), the aim of the present study was to investigate whether pre-treatment with different Sn2+/F− solutions improves the durability of Clearfil SE coatings. Dentine samples (eight groups, n=16/group) were freed of smear layer (0.5% citric acid, 10 s), treated (15 s) either with no solution (control), aminefluoride (AmF, 500 ppm F−, pH 4.5), SnCl2 (800/1600 ppm Sn2+; pH 1.5), SnCl2/AmF (500 ppm F−, 800 ppm Sn2+, pH 1.5/3.0/4.5), or Elmex Erosion Protection Rinse (EP, 500 ppm F−, 800 ppm Sn2+, pH 4.5; GABA International), then rinsed with water (15 s) and individually covered with Clearfil SE. Subsequently the specimens were subjected to an erosion/abrasion protocol consisting of 1320 cycles of immersion in 0.5% citric acid (5°C/55°C; 2 min) and automated brushing (15 s, 200 g, NaF-toothpaste, RDA 80). As the coatings proved stable up to 1320 cycles, 60 modified cycles (brushing time 30 min/cycle) were added. Wear was measured profilometrically. After SnCl2/AmF, pH 4.5 or EP pre-treatment all except one coating survived. In the other groups, almost all coatings were lost and there was no significant difference to the control group. Pre-treatment with a Sn2+/F− solution at pH 4.5 seems able to improve the durability of adhesive coatings, rendering these an attractive option in preventing erosive wear in dentine. PMID:26075906

Fabrication of high crystalline SnS and SnS2 thin films, and their switching device characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, Hyeongsu; Lee, Jeongsu; Shin, Seokyoon; Lee, Juhyun; Lee, Seungjin; Park, Hyunwoo; Kwon, Sejin; Lee, Namgue; Bang, Minwook; Lee, Seung-Beck; Jeon, Hyeongtag

2018-05-01

Representative tin sulfide compounds, tin monosulfide (SnS) and tin disulfide (SnS2) are strong candidates for future nanoelectronic devices, based on non-toxicity, low cost, unique structures and optoelectronic properties. However, it is insufficient for synthesizing of tin sulfide thin films using vapor phase deposition method which is capable of fabricating reproducible device and securing high quality films, and their device characteristics. In this study, we obtained highly crystalline SnS thin films by atomic layer deposition and obtained highly crystalline SnS2 thin films by phase transition of the SnS thin films. The SnS thin film was transformed into SnS2 thin film by annealing at 450 °C for 1 h in H2S atmosphere. This phase transition was confirmed by x-ray diffractometer and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and we studied the cause of the phase transition. We then compared the film characteristics of these two tin sulfide thin films and their switching device characteristics. SnS and SnS2 thin films had optical bandgaps of 1.35 and 2.70 eV, and absorption coefficients of about 105 and 104 cm‑1 in the visible region, respectively. In addition, SnS and SnS2 thin films exhibited p-type and n-type semiconductor characteristics. In the images of high resolution-transmission electron microscopy, SnS and SnS2 directly showed a highly crystalline orthorhombic and hexagonal layered structure. The field effect transistors of SnS and SnS2 thin films exhibited on–off drain current ratios of 8.8 and 2.1 × 103 and mobilities of 0.21 and 0.014 cm2 V‑1 s‑1, respectively. This difference in switching device characteristics mainly depends on the carrier concentration because it contributes to off-state conductance and mobility. The major carrier concentrations of the SnS and SnS2 thin films were 6.0 × 1016 and 8.7 × 1013 cm‑3, respectively, in this experiment.

46 CFR 171.118 - Automatic ventilators and side ports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Automatic ventilators and side ports. 171.118 Section... SPECIAL RULES PERTAINING TO VESSELS CARRYING PASSENGERS Openings in the Side of a Vessel Below the Bulkhead or Weather Deck § 171.118 Automatic ventilators and side ports. (a) An automatic ventilator must...

46 CFR 171.118 - Automatic ventilators and side ports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Automatic ventilators and side ports. 171.118 Section... SPECIAL RULES PERTAINING TO VESSELS CARRYING PASSENGERS Openings in the Side of a Vessel Below the Bulkhead or Weather Deck § 171.118 Automatic ventilators and side ports. (a) An automatic ventilator must...

46 CFR 171.118 - Automatic ventilators and side ports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Automatic ventilators and side ports. 171.118 Section... SPECIAL RULES PERTAINING TO VESSELS CARRYING PASSENGERS Openings in the Side of a Vessel Below the Bulkhead or Weather Deck § 171.118 Automatic ventilators and side ports. (a) An automatic ventilator must...

46 CFR 171.118 - Automatic ventilators and side ports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Automatic ventilators and side ports. 171.118 Section... SPECIAL RULES PERTAINING TO VESSELS CARRYING PASSENGERS Openings in the Side of a Vessel Below the Bulkhead or Weather Deck § 171.118 Automatic ventilators and side ports. (a) An automatic ventilator must...

46 CFR 171.118 - Automatic ventilators and side ports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Automatic ventilators and side ports. 171.118 Section... SPECIAL RULES PERTAINING TO VESSELS CARRYING PASSENGERS Openings in the Side of a Vessel Below the Bulkhead or Weather Deck § 171.118 Automatic ventilators and side ports. (a) An automatic ventilator must...

21 CFR 118.4 - Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention measures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention measures. 118.4 Section 118.4 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... equivalent standard; (2) Environmental testing. (i) The pullet environment is tested for SE when pullets are...

21 CFR 118.4 - Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention measures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention measures. 118.4 Section 118.4 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... equivalent standard; (2) Environmental testing. (i) The pullet environment is tested for SE when pullets are...

21 CFR 118.4 - Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention measures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention measures. 118.4 Section 118.4 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... equivalent standard; (2) Environmental testing. (i) The pullet environment is tested for SE when pullets are...

21 CFR 118.4 - Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention measures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention measures. 118.4 Section 118.4 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... equivalent standard; (2) Environmental testing. (i) The pullet environment is tested for SE when pullets are...

21 CFR 118.4 - Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention measures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention measures. 118.4 Section 118.4 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... equivalent standard; (2) Environmental testing. (i) The pullet environment is tested for SE when pullets are...

21 CFR 118.1 - Persons covered by the requirements in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... a treatment as defined in § 118.3, you must comply only with the refrigeration requirements in § 118... with the refrigeration requirements in § 118.4(e). This section applies only to eggs from farms with 3...

21 CFR 118.1 - Persons covered by the requirements in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... a treatment as defined in § 118.3, you must comply only with the refrigeration requirements in § 118... with the refrigeration requirements in § 118.4(e). This section applies only to eggs from farms with 3...

21 CFR 118.1 - Persons covered by the requirements in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... a treatment as defined in § 118.3, you must comply only with the refrigeration requirements in § 118... with the refrigeration requirements in § 118.4(e). This section applies only to eggs from farms with 3...

21 CFR 118.1 - Persons covered by the requirements in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... a treatment as defined in § 118.3, you must comply only with the refrigeration requirements in § 118... with the refrigeration requirements in § 118.4(e). This section applies only to eggs from farms with 3...

21 CFR 118.1 - Persons covered by the requirements in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... a treatment as defined in § 118.3, you must comply only with the refrigeration requirements in § 118... with the refrigeration requirements in § 118.4(e). This section applies only to eggs from farms with 3...

Thermoelectric SnS and SnS-SnSe solid solutions prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering: Anisotropic thermoelectric properties

PubMed Central

Asfandiyar; Wei, Tian-Ran; Li, Zhiliang; Sun, Fu-Hua; Pan, Yu; Wu, Chao-Feng; Farooq, Muhammad Umer; Tang, Huaichao; Li, Fu; Li, Bo; Li, Jing-Feng

2017-01-01

P–type SnS compound and SnS1−xSex solid solutions were prepared by mechanical alloying followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and their thermoelectric properties were then studied in different compositions (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8) along the directions parallel (//) and perpendicular (⊥) to the SPS–pressurizing direction in the temperature range 323–823 Κ. SnS compound and SnS1−xSex solid solutions exhibited anisotropic thermoelectric performance and showed higher power factor and thermal conductivity along the direction ⊥ than the // one. The thermal conductivity decreased with increasing contents of Se and fell to 0.36 W m−1 K−1 at 823 K for the composition SnS0.5Se0.5. With increasing selenium content (x) the formation of solid solutions substantially improved the electrical conductivity due to the increased carrier concentration. Hence, the optimized power factor and reduced thermal conductivity resulted in a maximum ZT value of 0.64 at 823 K for SnS0.2Se0.8 along the parallel direction. PMID:28240324

Thermoelectric SnS and SnS-SnSe solid solutions prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering: Anisotropic thermoelectric properties.

PubMed

Asfandiyar; Wei, Tian-Ran; Li, Zhiliang; Sun, Fu-Hua; Pan, Yu; Wu, Chao-Feng; Farooq, Muhammad Umer; Tang, Huaichao; Li, Fu; Li, Bo; Li, Jing-Feng

2017-02-27

P-type SnS compound and SnS 1-x Se x solid solutions were prepared by mechanical alloying followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and their thermoelectric properties were then studied in different compositions (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8) along the directions parallel (//) and perpendicular (⊥) to the SPS-pressurizing direction in the temperature range 323-823 Κ. SnS compound and SnS 1-x Se x solid solutions exhibited anisotropic thermoelectric performance and showed higher power factor and thermal conductivity along the direction ⊥ than the // one. The thermal conductivity decreased with increasing contents of Se and fell to 0.36 W m -1  K -1 at 823 K for the composition SnS 0.5 Se 0.5 . With increasing selenium content (x) the formation of solid solutions substantially improved the electrical conductivity due to the increased carrier concentration. Hence, the optimized power factor and reduced thermal conductivity resulted in a maximum ZT value of 0.64 at 823 K for SnS 0.2 Se 0.8 along the parallel direction.

Wafer-level Cu-Sn micro-joints with high mechanical strength and low Sn overflow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duan, Ani; Luu, Thi-Thuy; Wang, Kaiying; Aasmundtveit, Knut; Hoivik, Nils

2015-09-01

In this paper, we report wafer-level bonding using solid-liquid inter-diffusion (SLID) processes for fabricating micro-joints Cu-Sn at low temperature (270 °C). The evolution of multilayer Cu/Sn to micro-joint alloys has been characterized by optical microscopy and mechanical die-shear testing. The Cu-Sn joints with line width from 80 to 200 μm prove to be reliable packaging materials for bonding vacuum micro-cavities with controllable Sn overflow, as well as high mechanical strength (>70 MPa). A thermodynamic model has been performed to further understand the formation of Cu-Sn intermetallic alloys. There are two important findings for this work: 1) Using a two-step temperature profile may significantly reduce the amount of Sn overflow; 2) for packaging, a bond frame width greater than 80 μm will result in high yield.

33 CFR 118.5 - Penalty for failure to maintain.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... States who fails or refuses to maintain such lights and other signals, or to obey any of the lawful rules... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Penalty for failure to maintain. 118.5 Section 118.5 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY...

The crystal structures of Ni{sub 3+x}Sn{sub 4}Zn and Ni{sub 6+x}Sn{sub 8}Zn and their structural relations to Ni{sub 3+x}Sn{sub 4}, NiSn and Ni{sub 5−δ}ZnSn{sub 4}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schmetterer, Clemens, E-mail: clemens.schmetterer@univie.ac.at; Effenberger, Herta Silvia; Rajamohan, Divakar

2016-06-15

The crystal structures of two new compounds were determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements: Ni{sub 3+x}Sn{sub 4}Zn, (x~1.35, a=7.110(2) Å, b=4.123(1) Å, c=10.346(3) Å, β=90.23(2)°, space group I2/m, Z=2. R1=0.025, wR2=0.059 for 748 unique reflections, 35 variable parameters) and Ni{sub 6+x}Sn{sub 8}Zn, x~1.35 (a=12.379(3) Å, b=4.095(1) Å, c=12.155(3) Å, β=116.25(3)°, space group C2/m, Z=2. R1=0.026, wR2=0.052 for 1346 unique reflections, 60 variable parameters). In addition, a structural refinement was performed for Ni{sub 3+x}Sn{sub 4}, x~0.13 (a=12.264(3) Å, b=4.066(1) Å, c=5.223(2) Å, β=104.85(3)°, space group C2/m, Z=2. R1=0.019, wR2=0.046 for 617 unique reflections, 29 variable parameters). The three compounds show pronouncedmore » similarities among each other as well as to the crystal structures of surrounding binary Ni–Sn and ternary Ni–Sn–Zn compounds. In particular, the two new compounds form a homologous series with Ni{sub 3+x}Sn{sub 4}, x~0.13. They contain “Ni{sub 4}Sn{sub 4}” and “Ni{sub 2}Sn{sub 4}” building blocks which by different interconnection build up the distinct structures. Topological relations with NiSn and Ni{sub 5−δ}Sn{sub 4}Zn, δ~0.25 are evident. - Graphical abstract: Projection of the structure of Ni{sub 6+x}ZnSn{sub 8}, x~1.35 and constituent building blocks. Display Omitted - Highlights: • The crystal structures of Ni{sub 6+x}Sn{sub 8}Zn and Ni{sub 3+x}Sn{sub 4}Zn were determined using single crystal XRD. • Topological relations to Ni–Sn and Ni–Sn–Zn compounds were established and discussed. • Common structural units were identified and their interconnection patterns described.« less

Study of a SiGeSn/GeSn/SiGeSn structure toward direct bandgap type-I quantum well for all group-IV optoelectronics.

PubMed

Ghetmiri, Seyed Amir; Zhou, Yiyin; Margetis, Joe; Al-Kabi, Sattar; Dou, Wei; Mosleh, Aboozar; Du, Wei; Kuchuk, Andrian; Liu, Jifeng; Sun, Greg; Soref, Richard A; Tolle, John; Naseem, Hameed A; Li, Baohua; Mortazavi, Mansour; Yu, Shui-Qing

2017-02-01

A SiGeSn/GeSn/SiGeSn single quantum well structure was grown using an industry standard chemical vapor deposition reactor with low-cost commercially available precursors. The material characterization revealed the precisely controlled material growth process. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra were correlated with band structure calculation for a structure accurately determined by high-resolution x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Based on the result, a systematic study of SiGeSn and GeSn bandgap energy separation and barrier heights versus material compositions and strain was conducted, leading to a practical design of a type-I direct bandgap quantum well.

PROCESSING OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE Nb{sub 3}Sn WIRES THROUGH A NEW DIFFUSION REACTION USING Sn BASED ALLOYS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tachikawa, K.; Sasaki, H.; Yamaguchi, M.

Tightly consolidated Sn-Ta and Sn-B based alloys have been prepared by the reaction among constituent metal powders at 750-775 deg. C. Sn-Ta and Sn-B based alloys exhibit quite similar microstructures. A small amount of Ti addition seems to improve the bonding between Ta or B particles and Sn matrix. Nb{sub 3}Sn wires have been fabricated by the Jelly Roll (JR) and Multi-rod (MR) process using Sn based alloy sheet and rod, respectively. Thick Nb{sub 3}Sn layers with nearly stoichiometric A15 composition are synthesized through a new diffusion mechanism between Nb and Sn based alloy. B{sub c2}(4.2 K)'s of 26.9 Tmore » (mid) and 26.5 T (mid) have been obtained in the JR and MR processed wires, respectively, using Sn-Ta based alloy. These wires exhibit enough non-Cu J{sub c} to be used above 20 T and 4.2 K. T{sub c} of JR wires using Sn-B based sheet is 18.14 K (offset) which is slightly higher than that of wires using Sn-Ta based sheet.« less

32 CFR 536.118 - Related statutes for maritime claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Related statutes for maritime claims. 536.118... ACCOUNTS CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Maritime Claims § 536.118 Related statutes for maritime claims... under the AMCSA is not mandatory for causes of action as it is for the SIAA or PVA. (b) Similar maritime...

Fabrication of high crystalline SnS and SnS2 thin films, and their switching device characteristics.

PubMed

Choi, Hyeongsu; Lee, Jeongsu; Shin, Seokyoon; Lee, Juhyun; Lee, Seungjin; Park, Hyunwoo; Kwon, Sejin; Lee, Namgue; Bang, Minwook; Lee, Seung-Beck; Jeon, Hyeongtag

2018-05-25

Representative tin sulfide compounds, tin monosulfide (SnS) and tin disulfide (SnS 2 ) are strong candidates for future nanoelectronic devices, based on non-toxicity, low cost, unique structures and optoelectronic properties. However, it is insufficient for synthesizing of tin sulfide thin films using vapor phase deposition method which is capable of fabricating reproducible device and securing high quality films, and their device characteristics. In this study, we obtained highly crystalline SnS thin films by atomic layer deposition and obtained highly crystalline SnS 2 thin films by phase transition of the SnS thin films. The SnS thin film was transformed into SnS 2 thin film by annealing at 450 °C for 1 h in H 2 S atmosphere. This phase transition was confirmed by x-ray diffractometer and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and we studied the cause of the phase transition. We then compared the film characteristics of these two tin sulfide thin films and their switching device characteristics. SnS and SnS 2 thin films had optical bandgaps of 1.35 and 2.70 eV, and absorption coefficients of about 10 5 and 10 4 cm -1 in the visible region, respectively. In addition, SnS and SnS 2 thin films exhibited p-type and n-type semiconductor characteristics. In the images of high resolution-transmission electron microscopy, SnS and SnS 2 directly showed a highly crystalline orthorhombic and hexagonal layered structure. The field effect transistors of SnS and SnS 2 thin films exhibited on-off drain current ratios of 8.8 and 2.1 × 10 3 and mobilities of 0.21 and 0.014 cm 2 V -1 s -1 , respectively. This difference in switching device characteristics mainly depends on the carrier concentration because it contributes to off-state conductance and mobility. The major carrier concentrations of the SnS and SnS 2 thin films were 6.0 × 10 16 and 8.7 × 10 13 cm -3 , respectively, in this experiment.

41 CFR 102-118.30 - Are Government corporations bound by this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Are Government corporations bound by this part? 102-118.30 Section 102-118.30 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118...

41 CFR 102-118.5 - What is the purpose of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What is the purpose of this part? 102-118.5 Section 102-118.5 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION...

41 CFR 102-118.545 - What information must a TSP claim include?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What information must a TSP claim include? 102-118.545 Section 102-118.545 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118...

Influence of alkali metals (Na, Li, Rb) on the performance of electrostatic spray-assisted vapor deposited Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Altamura, Giovanni; Wang, Mingqing; Choy, Kwang-Leong

2016-02-01

Electrostatic Spray-Assisted Vapor Deposition (ESAVD) is a non-vacuum and cost-effective method to deposit metal oxide, various sulphide and chalcogenide at large scale. In this work, ESAVD was used to deposit Cu2ZnSn(S1-xSex)4 (CZTSSe) absorber. Different alkali metals like Na, Li and Rb were incorporated in CZTSSe compounds to further improve the photovoltaic performances of related devices. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, no experimental study has been carried out to test the effect of Li and Rb incorporation in CZTSSe solar cells. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and glow discharge spectroscopy have been used to characterize the phase purity, morphology and composition of as-deposited CZTSSe thin films. Photovoltaic properties of the resulting devices were determined by completing the solar cells as follows: Mo/CZTSSe/CdS/i-ZnO/Al:ZnO/Ni/Al. The results showed that Li, Na and Rb incorporation can increase power conversion efficiency of CZTS devices up to 5.5%. The introduction of a thiourea treatment, has improved the quality of the absorber|buffer interface, pushed the device efficiency up to 6.3% which is at the moment the best reported result for ESAVD deposited CZTSSe solar cells.

34 CFR 75.118 - Requirements for a continuation award.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... number 1875-0102) (Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3(a)(1) and 3474) Cross Reference: See § 75.117 Information... 34 Education 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Requirements for a continuation award. 75.118 Section 75.118 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education DIRECT GRANT PROGRAMS How To Apply...

40 CFR 265.118 - Post-closure plan; amendment of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the wastes, application of advanced technology, or alternative disposal, treatment, or re-use.... 265.118 Section 265.118 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) INTERIM STATUS STANDARDS FOR OWNERS AND OPERATORS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT...

Phosphorylation of histone H3(T118) alters nucleosome dynamics and remodeling

PubMed Central

North, Justin A.; Javaid, Sarah; Ferdinand, Michelle B.; Chatterjee, Nilanjana; Picking, Jonathan W.; Shoffner, Matthew; Nakkula, Robin J.; Bartholomew, Blaine; Ottesen, Jennifer J.; Fishel, Richard; Poirier, Michael G.

2011-01-01

Nucleosomes, the fundamental units of chromatin structure, are regulators and barriers to transcription, replication and repair. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of the histone proteins within nucleosomes regulate these DNA processes. Histone H3(T118) is a site of phosphorylation [H3(T118ph)] and is implicated in regulation of transcription and DNA repair. We prepared H3(T118ph) by expressed protein ligation and determined its influence on nucleosome dynamics. We find H3(T118ph) reduces DNA–histone binding by 2 kcal/mol, increases nucleosome mobility by 28-fold and increases DNA accessibility near the dyad region by 6-fold. Moreover, H3(T118ph) increases the rate of hMSH2–hMSH6 nucleosome disassembly and enables nucleosome disassembly by the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler. These studies suggest that H3(T118ph) directly enhances and may reprogram chromatin remodeling reactions. PMID:21576235

Nucleation rates of Sn in undercooled Sn-Ag-Cu flip-chip solder joints

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arfaei, B.; Benedict, M.; Cotts, E. J.

2013-11-01

The nucleation of Sn from the melt in commercial SnAgCu flip chip solder joints was monitored at a number of different temperatures. Nucleation rates were estimated from measurements of nucleation times for 440 solder balls after one reflow and were found to be well epitomized by the expression I = 2 × 109 exp[(-1.6 × 105)/(T × (ΔT)2)] m-3 s-1, as per classical nucleation theory. After an additional reflow, the nucleation rates of the same 440 samples were observed to increase to I = 2 × 109 exp[(-8.9 × 104)/(T × (ΔT)2)] m-3 s-1. Thus it was shown that the expressions of classical nucleation theory well characterize nucleation kinetics for this system. These changes in nucleation kinetics were correlated with continued dissolution of Al and Ni in to the SnAgCu melt. Such increases in nucleation rates meant increases in the average solidification temperatures of the solder balls after reflow. Variations in the Sn grain morphology of the solder joints were correlated with these changes in solidification temperature, with larger Sn grains (beach ball Sn grain morphology) observed at higher solidification temperatures.

STS-118 Space Shuttle Crew Honored

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-09-10

At Walt Disney World in Orlando, the crew members of space shuttle mission STS-118 answer questions from the student audience during a special event to honor the Endeavour crew. Seated from left are Mission Specialists Alvin Drew, Barbara R. Morgan, Dave Williams, Rick Mastracchio and Tracy Caldwell; Pilot Charlie Hobaugh; and Commander Scott Kelly. The event also honored teacher-turned-astronaut Morgan, who dedicated a plaque outside the Mission: Space attraction. Other activities included meeting with the media and a parade down Main Street. Mission STS-118 was the 119th shuttle program flight and the 22nd flight to the International Space Station. Space shuttle Endeavour launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center on Aug. 8 and landed Aug. 21. The mission delivered the S5 truss, continuing the assembly of the space station.

STS-118 Space Shuttle Crew Honored

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-09-10

Members of the space shuttle mission STS-118 crew march down Main Street at Walt Disney World in Orlando. From left are Mission Specialists Alvin Drew, Barbara R. Morgan and Dave Williams, Pilot Charlie Hobaugh, Mission Specialist Tracy Caldwell and Commander Scott Kelly. Not pictured but present is Mission Specialist Rick Mastracchio. The event also honored teacher-turned-astronaut Morgan, who dedicated a plaque outside the Mission: Space attraction. Other activities included meeting with the media and students. Mission STS-118 was the 119th shuttle program flight and the 22nd flight to the International Space Station. Space shuttle Endeavour launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center on Aug. 8 and landed Aug. 21. The mission delivered the S5 truss, continuing the assembly of the space station.

GeSn growth kinetics in reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition from Ge2H6 and SnCl4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aubin, J.; Hartmann, J. M.

2018-01-01

We have investigated the low temperature epitaxy of high Sn content GeSn alloys in a 200 mm industrial Reduced Pressure - Chemical Vapor Deposition tool from Applied Materials. Gaseous digermane (Ge2H6) and liquid tin tetrachloride (SnCl4) were used as the Ge and Sn precursors, respectively. The impact of temperature (in the 300-350 °C range), Ge2H6 and SnCl4 mass-flows on the GeSn growth kinetics at 100 Torr has been thoroughly explored. Be it at 300 °C or 325 °C, a linear GeSn growth rate increase together with a sub-linear Sn concentration increase occurred as the SnCl4 mass-flow increased, irrespective of the Ge2H6 mass flow (fixed or varying). The Sn atoms seemed to catalyze H desorption from the surface, resulting in higher GeSn growth rates for high SnCl4 mass-flows (in the 4-21 nm min-1 range). The evolution of the Sn content x with the F (SnCl4) 2 ·/F (Ge2H6) mass-flow ratio was fitted by x2/(1 - x) = n ·F (SnCl4) 2 ·/F (Ge2H6), with n = 0.25 (325 °C) and 0.60 (300 °C). We have otherwise studied the impact of temperature, in the 300-350 °C range, on the GeSn growth kinetics. The GeSn growth rate exponentially increased with the temperature, from 15 up to 32 nm min-1. The associated activation energy was low, i.e. Ea = 10 kcal mol-1. Meanwhile, the Sn content decreased linearly as the growth temperature increased, from 15% at 300 °C down to 6% at 350 °C.

Synthesis and enhanced acetone gas-sensing performance of ZnSnO3/SnO2 hollow urchin nanostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lian, Dandan; Shi, Bing; Dai, Rongrong; Jia, Xiaohua; Wu, Xiangyang

2017-12-01

A kind of novel ZnSnO3/SnO2 hollow urchin nanostructure was synthesized by a facile, eco-friendly two-step liquid-phase process. The structure, morphology, and composition of samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption techniques. The results revealed that many tiny needle-like SnO2 nanowires with the average diameter of 5 nm uniformly grew on the surface of the ZnSnO3 hollow microspheres and the ZnSnO3/SnO2 hollow urchin nanostructures with different SnO2 content also were successfully prepared. In order to comprehend the evolution process of the ZnSnO3/SnO2 hollow urchin nanostructures, the possible growth mechanism of samples was illustrated via several experiments in different reaction conditions. Moreover, the gas-sensing performance of as-prepared samples was investigated. The results showed that ZnSnO3/SnO2 hollow urchin nanostructures with high response to various concentration levels of acetone enhanced selectivity, satisfying repeatability, and good long-term stability for acetone detection. Specially, the 10 wt% ZnSnO3/SnO2 hollow urchin nanostructure exhibited the best gas sensitivity (17.03 for 50 ppm acetone) may be a reliable biomarker for the diabetes patients, which could be ascribed to its large specific surface area, complete pore permeability, and increase of chemisorbed oxygen due to the doping of SnO2.

Ultrathin Layered SnSe Nanoplates for Low Voltage, High-Rate, and Long-Life Alkali-Ion Batteries.

PubMed

Wang, Wei; Li, Peihao; Zheng, Henry; Liu, Qiao; Lv, Fan; Wu, Jiandong; Wang, Hao; Guo, Shaojun

2017-12-01

2D electrode materials with layered structures have shown huge potential in the fields of lithium- and sodium-ion batteries. However, their poor conductivity limits the rate performance and cycle stability of batteries. Herein a new colloid chemistry strategy is reported for making 2D ultrathin layered SnSe nanoplates (SnSe NPs) for achieving more efficient alkali-ion batteries. Due to the effect of weak Van der Waals forces, each semiconductive SnSe nanoplate stacks on top of each other, which can facilitate the ion transfer and accommodate volume expansion during the charge and discharge process. This unique structure as well as the narrow-bandgap semiconductor property of SnSe simultaneously meets the requirements of achieving fast ionic and electronic conductivities for alkali-ion batteries. They exhibit high capacity of 463.6 mAh g -1 at 0.05 A g -1 for Na-ion batteries and 787.9 mAh g -1 at 0.2 A g -1 for Li-ion batteries over 300 cycles, and also high stability for alkali-ion batteries. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

New SnO2/MgAl-layered double hydroxide composites as photocatalysts for cationic dyes bleaching.

PubMed

Dvininov, E; Ignat, M; Barvinschi, P; Smithers, M A; Popovici, E

2010-05-15

A new type of nanocomposite containing SnO(2) has been obtained by wet impregnation of dehydrated Mg/Al-hydrotalcite-type compounds with ethanolic solutions of SnCl(4).2H(2)O. Tin chloride hydrolysis was achieved using NaOH or NH(4)OH aqueous solutions, at pH around 9, followed by the conversion into corresponding hydroxides through calcinations. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance (UV-DR) methods confirmed the structure of as-synthesized solids. The chemical composition and morphology of the synthesized materials were investigated by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The as-synthesized materials were used for photocatalytic studies showing a good activity for methylene blue decolourization, which varies with SnO(2) content and used as a hydrolysing agent. The proposed mechanism is based on the shifting of flat band potential of SnO(2) due to the interaction with Mg/Al-LDH, this being energetically favourable to the formation of hydroxyl radicals responsible for methylene blue degradation. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

SN 2015bh: an LBV becomes NGC 2770s fourth SN. . . or not?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thöne, Christina C.; de Ugarte Postigo, Antonio; Leloudas, Giorgos

2017-11-01

Massive stars in the final phases of their lives frequently expel large amounts of material. An interesting example is SN 2009ip that varied in brightness years before its possible core-collapse. Here we present SN 2015bh in NGC 2770 that shows striking similarities to SN 2009ip. It experienced frequent variabilities for 21 years before a smaller precursor and the ``main event'' in May 2015. Its spectra are consistent with an LBV during the outburst phase and show a complex P-Cygni profile during the main event. Both SN 2009ip and 2015bh were always situated red-wards of LBVs in outburst in the HR diagram. Their final fate is currently still uncertain, SN 2009ip, however, is now fainter than in pre-explosion observations. If the star survives this event it is undoubtedly altered, and we suggest that these ``zombie stars'' could be LBVs evolving into a Wolf-Rayet (WR) star over a very short timescale.

21 CFR 118.9 - Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. 118.9 Section 118.9 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... EGGS § 118.9 Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. You must have one or...

21 CFR 118.9 - Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. 118.9 Section 118.9 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... EGGS § 118.9 Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. You must have one or...

21 CFR 118.9 - Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. 118.9 Section 118.9 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... EGGS § 118.9 Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. You must have one or...

21 CFR 118.9 - Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. 118.9 Section 118.9 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... EGGS § 118.9 Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. You must have one or...

21 CFR 118.9 - Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. 118.9 Section 118.9 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... EGGS § 118.9 Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. You must have one or...

42 CFR 422.118 - Confidentiality and accuracy of enrollee records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Confidentiality and accuracy of enrollee records. 422.118 Section 422.118 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM MEDICARE ADVANTAGE PROGRAM Benefits and Beneficiary...

Sandwich-like C@SnO2/Sn/void@C hollow spheres as improved anode materials for lithium ion batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Huijun; Jiang, Xinya; Chai, Yaqin; Yang, Xia; Yuan, Ruo

2018-03-01

As lithium ion batteries (LIBs) anode, SnO2 suffers fast capacity fading due to its large volume expansion during discharge/charge process. To overcome the problem, sandwich-like C@SnO2/Sn/void@C hollow spheres (referred as C@SnO2/Sn/void@C HSs) are prepared by in-situ polymerization and carbonization, using hollow SnO2 as self-template and dopamine as carbon source. The C@SnO2/Sn/void@C HSs possesses the merits of hollow and core/void/shell structure, so that they can accommodate the volume change under discharge/charge process, shorten the transmission distance of Li ions, own more contact area for the electrolyte. Thanks to these advantages, C@SnO2/Sn/void@C HSs display excellent electrochemical performance as anode materials for LIBs, which deliver a high capacity of 786.7 mAh g-1 at the current density of 0.5 A g-1 after 60 cycles. The simple synthesis method for C@SnO2/Sn/void@C HSs with special structure will provide a promising method for preparing other anode materials for LIBs.

21 CFR 118.7 - Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.7 Section 118.7 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....7 Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). (a) Environmental sampling. An environmental...

21 CFR 118.7 - Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.7 Section 118.7 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....7 Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). (a) Environmental sampling. An environmental...

21 CFR 118.7 - Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.7 Section 118.7 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....7 Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). (a) Environmental sampling. An environmental...

21 CFR 118.7 - Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.7 Section 118.7 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....7 Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). (a) Environmental sampling. An environmental...

21 CFR 118.7 - Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.7 Section 118.7 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....7 Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). (a) Environmental sampling. An environmental...

18 CFR 401.118 - Disclosure in administrative or court proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Disclosure in administrative or court proceedings. 401.118 Section 401.118 Conservation of Power and Water Resources DELAWARE RIVER BASIN COMMISSION ADMINISTRATIVE MANUAL RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Public Access to Records...

PROTEUS-SN User Manual

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shemon, Emily R.; Smith, Micheal A.; Lee, Changho

2016-02-16

PROTEUS-SN is a three-dimensional, highly scalable, high-fidelity neutron transport code developed at Argonne National Laboratory. The code is applicable to all spectrum reactor transport calculations, particularly those in which a high degree of fidelity is needed either to represent spatial detail or to resolve solution gradients. PROTEUS-SN solves the second order formulation of the transport equation using the continuous Galerkin finite element method in space, the discrete ordinates approximation in angle, and the multigroup approximation in energy. PROTEUS-SN’s parallel methodology permits the efficient decomposition of the problem by both space and angle, permitting large problems to run efficiently on hundredsmore » of thousands of cores. PROTEUS-SN can also be used in serial or on smaller compute clusters (10’s to 100’s of cores) for smaller homogenized problems, although it is generally more computationally expensive than traditional homogenized methodology codes. PROTEUS-SN has been used to model partially homogenized systems, where regions of interest are represented explicitly and other regions are homogenized to reduce the problem size and required computational resources. PROTEUS-SN solves forward and adjoint eigenvalue problems and permits both neutron upscattering and downscattering. An adiabatic kinetics option has recently been included for performing simple time-dependent calculations in addition to standard steady state calculations. PROTEUS-SN handles void and reflective boundary conditions. Multigroup cross sections can be generated externally using the MC2-3 fast reactor multigroup cross section generation code or internally using the cross section application programming interface (API) which can treat the subgroup or resonance table libraries. PROTEUS-SN is written in Fortran 90 and also includes C preprocessor definitions. The code links against the PETSc, METIS, HDF5, and MPICH libraries. It optionally links against the MOAB

Electromigration effect upon the Sn-0.7 wt% Cu/Ni and Sn-3.5 wt% Ag/Ni interfacial reactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Chih-ming; Chen, Sinn-wen

2001-08-01

This study investigates the effect of electromigration upon the interfacial reactions between the promising lead-free solders, Sn-Cu and Sn-Ag, with Ni substrate. Sandwich-type reaction couples, Sn-0.7 wt% Cu/Ni/Sn-0.7 wt% Cu and Sn-3.5 wt% Ag/Ni/Sn-3.5 wt% Ag, were reacted at 160, 180, and 200 °C for various lengths of time with and without the passage of electric currents. Without passage of electric currents through the couples, only one intermetallic compound Ni3Sn4 with ˜7 at. % Cu solubility was found at both interfaces of the Sn-0.7 wt% Cu/Ni couples. With the passage of an electric current of 500 A/cm2 density, the Cu6Sn5 phase was formed at the solder/Ni interface besides the Ni3Sn4 phase. Similar to those without the passage of electric currents, only the Ni3Sn4 phase was found at the Ni/solder interface. Directions of movement of electrons, Sn, and Cu atoms are the same at the solder/Ni interface, and the growth rates of the intermetallic layers were enhanced. At the Ni/solder interface, the electrons flow in the opposite direction of the Sn and Cu movement, and the growth rates of the intermetallic layers were retarded. Only the Ni3Sn4 phase was formed from the Sn-3.5 wt% Ag/Ni interfacial reaction with and without the passage of electric currents. Similar to the Sn-0.7 wt% Cu/Ni system, the movement of electrons enhances or retards the growth rates of the intermetallic layers at the solder/Ni and Ni/solder interfaces, respectively. Calculation results show the apparent effective charge za* decreases in magnitude with raising temperatures, which indicates the electromigration effect becomes insignificant at higher temperatures.

Inelastic proton scattering and particle-vibration coupling in /sup 115/Sn, /sup 117/Sn, and /sup 119/Sn

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fleming, D.G.; Becchetti, F.D.; Flynn, E.R.

Inelastic proton scattering on the stable odd-A tin isotopes /sup 115/Sn, /sup 117/Sn, and /sup 119/Sn has been carried out at 18 MeV on isotope separated targets. Angular distributions were not obtained but, nevertheless, the individual spectra reveal a large number of strongly populated states in the energy region of the known octupole strength of the even-A nuclei, permitting several new (tentative) 5/2/sup -/,7/2/sup -/ spin assignments. General comparisons are made of the observed relative strengths with those obtained from other reactions populating the same final states, revealing a complex nuclear structure in the odd-A tins which is not understoodmore » theoretically.« less

41 CFR 102-118.270 - Must my agency establish a prepayment audit program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... a prepayment audit program? 102-118.270 Section 102-118.270 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services Agency Requirements...

41 CFR 102-118.410 - Can GSA suspend my agency's prepayment audit program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... agency's prepayment audit program? 102-118.410 Section 102-118.410 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services Suspension of...

Topological crystalline insulator SnTe nanoribbons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dahal, Bishnu R.; Dulal, Rajendra P.; Pegg, Ian L.; Philip, John

2017-03-01

Topological crystalline insulators are systems in which a band inversion that is protected by crystalline mirror symmetry gives rise to nontrivial topological surface states. SnTe is a topological crystalline insulator. It exhibits p-type conductivity due to Sn vacancies and Te antisites, which leads to high carrier density in the bulk. Thus growth of high quality SnTe is a prerequisite for understanding the topological crystalline insulating behavior. We have grown SnTe nanoribbons using a solution method. The width of the SnTe ribbons varies from 500 nm to 2 μm. They exhibit rock salt crystal structure with a lattice parameter of 6.32 Å. The solution method that we have adapted uses low temperature, so the Sn vacancies can be controlled. The solution grown SnTe nanoribbons exhibit strong semiconducting behavior with an activation energy of 240 meV. This activation energy matches with the calculated band gap for SnTe with a lattice parameter of 6.32 Å, which is higher than that reported for bulk SnTe. The higher activation energy makes the thermal excitation of bulk charges very difficult on the surface. As a result, the topological surfaces will be free from the disturbance caused by the thermal excitations

21 CFR 118.5 - Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.5 Section 118.5 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....5 Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). (a) Environmental testing when laying hens...

21 CFR 118.5 - Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.5 Section 118.5 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....5 Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). (a) Environmental testing when laying hens...

21 CFR 118.5 - Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.5 Section 118.5 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....5 Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). (a) Environmental testing when laying hens...

21 CFR 118.5 - Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.5 Section 118.5 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....5 Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). (a) Environmental testing when laying hens...

21 CFR 118.5 - Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.5 Section 118.5 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....5 Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). (a) Environmental testing when laying hens...

37 CFR 1.18 - Patent post allowance (including issue) fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... entity $1,190.00 (d) Publication fee $300.00. (e) For filing an application for patent term adjustment... (including issue) fees. 1.18 Section 1.18 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES General Provisions Fees...

View of Crewmembers in the SM during STS-118/Expedition 15 Farewell Ceremony

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-08-18

S118-E-09187 (18 Aug. 2007) --- The STS-118 and Expedition 15 crews gather for a farewell ceremony in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station. Pictured are astronauts Barbara R. Morgan (foreground), Tracy Caldwell (left) and Rick Mastracchio, all STS-118 mission specialists; along with Scott Kelly (right), STS-118 commander. Hatches were closed between the station and Space Shuttle Endeavour at 4:10 p.m. on Aug. 18.

SnSAG5 is an alternative surface antigen of Sarcocystis neurona strains that is mutually exclusive to SnSAG1.

PubMed

Crowdus, Carolyn A; Marsh, Antoinette E; Saville, Willliam J; Lindsay, David S; Dubey, J P; Granstrom, David E; Howe, Daniel K

2008-11-25

Sarcocystis neurona is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Previous work has identified a gene family of paralogous surface antigens in S. neurona called SnSAGs. These surface proteins are immunogenic in their host animals, and are therefore candidate molecules for development of diagnostics and vaccines. However, SnSAG diversity exists in strains of S. neurona, including the absence of the major surface antigen gene SnSAG1. Instead, sequence for an alternative SnSAG has been revealed in two of the SnSAG1-deficient strains. Herein, we present data characterizing this new surface protein, which we have designated SnSAG5. The results indicated that the protein encoded by the SnSAG5 sequence is indeed a surface-associated molecule that has characteristics consistent with the other SAGs identified in S. neurona and related parasites. Importantly, Western blot analyses of a collection of S. neurona strains demonstrated that 6 of 13 parasite isolates express SnSAG5 as a dominant surface protein instead of SnSAG1. Conversely, SnSAG5 was not detected in SnSAG1-positive strains. One strain, which was isolated from the brain of a sea otter, did not express either SnSAG1 or SnSAG5. Genetic analysis with SnSAG5-specific primers confirmed the presence of the SnSAG5 gene in Western blot-positive strains, while also suggesting the presence of a novel SnSAG sequence in the SnSAG1-deficient, SnSAG5-deficient otter isolate. The findings provide further indication of S. neurona strain diversity, which has implications for diagnostic testing and development of vaccines against EPM as well as the population biology of Sarcocystis cycling in the opossum definitive host.

The formation of α-phase SnS nanostructure from a hybrid, multi-layered S/Sn/S/Sn/S thin films: Phase stability, surface morphology and optical studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baby, Benjamin Hudson; Bharathi Mohan, D.

2017-11-01

Single phase of SnS thin film was fabricated from S/Sn/S/Sn/S multilayer prepared by using atmospheric pressure and vacuum thermal evaporation methods Glancing angle high vacuum thermal evaporation technique was employed to grow Sn nanorods which facilitated the sulphur diffusion in a faster manner to prepare SnS nanoparticles. The sulphur deposition temperature, sulphur deposition time and tin deposition time were successfully tailored in the synthesis process and stabilized α-phase SnS by probing through confocal micro-Raman spectrometer. X-ray diffraction confirms the formation of SnS crystal structure at sulphur deposition temperature 200 °C. The mechanism of formation of highly porous SnS phase with flower like morphology is explained from the morphological analysis of post deposition annealed film. The complete absence of any oxidation state as evident from Raman as well as EDAX analysis confirms that the proposed sulphurization method could be a suitable, simple and cheap technique for the successful sulphurization of metal films. Band gap calculation from Tauc plot showed a direct band gap value of 1.5 eV for films with single phase of SnS which can be used as a p-type absorber layer in thin film solar cells. Emission studies showed the energy transitions attributed to band edge transition and due to the presence of intrinsic defects.

Thermodynamic understanding of Sn whisker growth on the Cu surface in Cu(top)-Sn(bottom) bilayer system upon room temperature aging

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huang, Lin; Jian, Wei; Lin, Bing

2015-06-07

Sn whiskers are observed by scanning electron microscope on the Cu surface in Cu(top)-Sn(bottom) bilayer system upon room temperature aging. Only Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 5} phase appears in the X-ray diffraction patterns and no Sn element is detected in the Cu sublayer by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Based on the interfacial thermodynamics, the intermetallic Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 5} compound phase may form directly at the Sn grain boundary. Driven by the stress gradient during the formation of Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 5} compound at Sn grain boundaries, Sn atoms segregate onto the Cu surface and accumulate to form Sn whisker.

STS-118/Expedition 15 Crewmembers greet one another after Hatch Opening

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-08-10

S118-E-06097 (10 Aug. 2007) --- Barbara R. Morgan, STS-118 mission specialist, participates in what looks like a photographers' convention in the Destiny lab onboard the International Space Station. Her two "fellow delegates" are astronaut Alvin Drew (center), STS-118 mission specialist, and astronaut Clay Anderson, Expedition 15 flight engineer. The photo was taken not long after the hatches were open on the orbital outpost, an action that allowed the station's population to surge from three to ten in short order.

Anomalous creep in Sn-rich solder joints

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Song, Ho Geon; Morris Jr., John W.; Hua, Fay

2002-03-15

This paper discusses the creep behavior of example Sn-rich solders that have become candidates for use in Pb-free solder joints. The specific solders discussed are Sn-3.5Ag, Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu, Sn-0.7Cu and Sn-10In-3.1Ag, used in thin joints between Cu and Ni-Au metallized pads.

21 CFR 118.8 - Testing methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...). 118.8 Section 118.8 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740, 301-436-2364, or you may examine a copy at the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Library, 5100 Paint...

21 CFR 118.8 - Testing methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...). 118.8 Section 118.8 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740, 301-436-2364, or you may examine a copy at the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Library, 5100 Paint...

21 CFR 118.8 - Testing methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...). 118.8 Section 118.8 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740, 301-436-2364, or you may examine a copy at the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Library, 5100 Paint...

View of STS-118 MS Morgan in the SPACEHAB

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-08-17

S118-E-07765 (17 Aug. 2007) --- Astronaut Barbara R. Morgan, mission specialist, finds herself surrounded by supplies in SPACEHAB, located in the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle Endeavour. Supply transfer was one of the main activities on the agenda Aug. 17 for the STS-118 crewmembers, who learned their anticipated departure from the International Space Station will come a day earlier due to possible weather issues back home.

Critical strain for Sn incorporation into spontaneously graded Ge/GeSn core/shell nanowires.

PubMed

Albani, Marco; Assali, Simone; Verheijen, Marcel A; Koelling, Sebastian; Bergamaschini, Roberto; Pezzoli, Fabio; Bakkers, Erik P A M; Miglio, Leo

2018-04-19

We address the role of non-uniform composition, as measured by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, in the elastic properties of core/shell nanowires for the Ge/GeSn system. In particular, by finite element method simulations and transmission electron diffraction measurements, we estimate the residual misfit strain when a radial gradient in Sn and a Ge segregation at the nanowire facet edges are present. An elastic stiffening of the structure with respect to the uniform one is concluded, particularly for the axial strain component. More importantly, refined predictions linking the strain and the Sn percentage at the nanowire facets enable us to quantitatively determine the maximum compressive strain value allowing for additional Sn incorporation into a GeSn alloy. The progressive incorporation with increasing shell thickness, under constant growth conditions, is specifically induced by the nanowire configuration, where a larger elastic relaxation of the misfit strain takes place.

Effects of Sn Addition on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Mg-6Zn-3Cu- xSn Magnesium Alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Tao; Shen, Jun; Sang, Jia-Xin; Li, Yang; He, Pei-Pei

2015-08-01

In this paper, Mg-6Zn-3Cu- xSn (ZC63- xSn) magnesium alloys with different Sn contents (0, 1, 2, 4 wt pct) were fabricated and subjected to different heat treatments. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the obtained ZC63- xSn samples were investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Vickers hardness testing, and tensile testing. It was found that the As-cast Mg-6Zn-3Cu (ZC63) magnesium alloy mainly contained α-Mg grains and Mg(Zn,Cu) particles. Sn dissolved in α-Mg grains when Sn content was below 2 wt pct while Mg2Sn phase forms in the case of Sn content was above 4 wt pct. Addition of Sn refined both α-Mg grains and Mg(Zn,Cu) particles, and increased the volume fraction of Mg(Zn,Cu) particles. Compared with the Sn-free alloy, the microhardness of Sn-containing alloys increased greatly and that of As-extrude ZC63-4Sn sample achieved the highest value. The strength of ZC63 magnesium alloy was significantly enhanced because of Sn addition, which was attributed to grain refinement strengthening, solid solution strengthening, and precipitation strengthening. Furthermore, the ultimate yield stress, yield strength, and elongation of ZC63- xSn magnesium alloys were increased owing to the deceasing grain size induced by extrusion process.

Knudsen effusion mass spectrometric studies over (USn3+U3Sn7) two-phase region of U-Sn system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manikandan, P.; Trinadh, V. V.; Bera, Suranjan; Narasimhan, T. S. Lakshmi; Ananthasivan, K.; Joseph, M.; Mudali, U. Kamachi

2017-08-01

Vaporisation studies over (USn3+U3Sn7) ;two-phase; field have been carried out by employing Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry (KEMS) in the temperature range of 1050-1226 K. Sn(g) was the species observed in the mass spectrum of the equilibrium vapour phase over the samples (71.5 at% Sn and 73.0 at% Sn). The partial pressure of Sn(g) was measured as a function of temperature over (USn3+U3Sn7) ;two-phase; field and the p-T relation was derived as log (pSn/Pa) = ((-14580 ± 91)/(T/K)) + (8.82 ± 0.08) (1050-1226 K). The vaporisation reaction 3USn3(s) = U3Sn7(s) + 2Sn(g) was evaluated by second law method. The Gibbs energy of formation of USn3(s) was derived as ΔfGm°(U Sn3 , s , T) (±1.8) = -173.4 + 0.055 T (K) (kJ mol-1) (1050-1226 K). The mass spectrometric studies on this system have been carried out for the first time.

Effect of intrinsic electronic defect states on the morphology and optoelectronic properties of Sn-rich SnS particles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Chetan C.; Panda, Emila

2018-05-01

A small variation in the elemental composition of a chemical compound can cause the formation of additional electronic defect states in the material, thereby altering the overall microstructure and thus induced properties. In this work, we observed chemical constitution-induced modification in the morphology and optoelectronic properties of SnS. To this end, SnS particles were prepared using the solution chemical route and were characterized using a wide range of experimental techniques, such as x-ray diffractometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). All these SnS particles are found to be Sn-rich and p-type. However, distinctly different morphologies (i.e., flower-like and aggregated ones) are observed. These are then correlated with the electronic defect states, which are induced because of the presence of Sn vacancies, Sn antisites, and/or Sn interstitials. A combination of EDS, XPS, and STS data confirmed the presence of a higher concentration of Sn vacancies along with lower quantities of Sn interstitials and/or antisites in the SnS particles with flower-like morphologies giving rise to higher hole concentration, which subsequently leads to reduced transport, optical band gaps, and barrier heights.

Porous-Nickel-Scaffolded Tin-Antimony Anodes with Enhanced Electrochemical Properties for Li/Na-Ion Batteries.

PubMed

Li, Jiachen; Pu, Jun; Liu, Ziqiang; Wang, Jian; Wu, Wenlu; Zhang, Huigang; Ma, Haixia

2017-08-02

The energy and power densities of rechargeable batteries urgently need to be increased to meet the ever-increasing demands of consumer electronics and electric vehicles. Alloy anodes are among the most promising candidates for next-generation high-capacity battery materials. However, the high capacities of alloy anodes usually suffer from some serious difficulties related to the volume changes of active materials. Porous supports and nanostructured alloy materials have been explored to address these issues. However, these approaches seemingly increase the active material-based properties and actually decrease the electrode-based capacity because of the oversized pores and heavy mass of mechanical supports. In this study, we developed an ultralight porous nickel to scaffold with high-capacity SnSb alloy anodes. The porous-nickel-supported SnSb alloy demonstrates a high specific capacity and good cyclability for both Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. Its capacity retains 580 mA h g -1 at 2 A g -1 after 100 cycles in Li-ion batteries. For a Na-ion battery, the composite electrode can even deliver a capacity of 275 mA h g -1 at 1 A g -1 after 1000 cycles. This study demonstrates that combining the scaffolding function of ultralight porous nickel and the high capacity of the SnSb alloy can significantly enhance the electrochemical performances of Li/Na-ion batteries.

7 CFR 4280.118 - Insurance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS AND GRANTS Rural Energy for America Program General Renewable Energy System and Energy Efficiency Improvement Grants § 4280.118 Insurance requirements... is required except for projects with total eligible project costs of $200,000 or less. ...

7 CFR 4280.118 - Insurance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS AND GRANTS Rural Energy for America Program General Renewable Energy System and Energy Efficiency Improvement Grants § 4280.118 Insurance requirements... is required except for projects with total eligible project costs of $200,000 or less. ...

7 CFR 4280.118 - Insurance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS AND GRANTS Rural Energy for America Program General Renewable Energy System and Energy Efficiency Improvement Grants § 4280.118 Insurance requirements... is required except for projects with total eligible project costs of $200,000 or less. ...

Surface plasmon resonance induced enhancement of photoluminescence and Raman line intensity in SnS quantum dot-Sn nanoparticle hybrid structure.

PubMed

Warrier, Anita R; Gandhimathi, R

2018-04-27

In this article, we report on enhancement in photoluminescence and Raman line intensity of SnS quantum dots embedded in a mesh of Sn nanostructures. SnS nanoparticles synthesized by homogenous precipitation method show strong quantum confinement with a band gap of ∼2.7 eV (blue shift of ∼1 eV compared to bulk SnS particles). The optical band gap of SnS quantum dots is controlled by varying the pH (∼0 to 2.25), ageing time (24 to 144 h) and molarity (0 to 2 M) of the precursors. These SnS nanoparticles are embedded in a mesh of Sn nanostructures which are synthesized from tin chloride by using sodium borohydride as reducing agent. The Sn nanostructures have a morphology dependent, tunable surface plasmon resonance (SPR), ranging from UV (∼295 nm) to visible region (∼400 nm) of the electromagnetic spectrum. In the SnS-Sn nanohybrids, the excitons are strongly coupled with plasmons leading to a shift in the excitonic binding energy (∼400 meV). The pure SnS quantum dots have a very weak photoluminescence peak at ∼560 nm and Raman shift of low intensity at 853.08 cm -1 , 1078.17 cm -1 , 1255.60 cm -1 , 1466.91 cm -1 . The coupling of SnS nanoparticles with Sn nanoparticles results in strong exciton-plasmon interactions leading to enhanced photoluminescence and Raman line intensity. The nanohybrids formed using Sn nanosheets whose SPR matches with absorption onset of the SnS nanoparticles shows an enhancement of ∼10 4 times higher than pure SnS nanoparticles. Thus, Sn nanosheet with surface plasmon resonance in visible region (400 nm) like Au and Ag is a promising material for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, plasmon assisted fluorescence imaging and for enhancing the emission intensity of semiconductors with weak emission intensity.

Surface plasmon resonance induced enhancement of photoluminescence and Raman line intensity in SnS quantum dot-Sn nanoparticle hybrid structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Warrier, Anita R.; Gandhimathi, R.

2018-07-01

In this article, we report on enhancement in photoluminescence and Raman line intensity of SnS quantum dots embedded in a mesh of Sn nanostructures. SnS nanoparticles synthesized by homogenous precipitation method show strong quantum confinement with a band gap of ∼2.7 eV (blue shift of ∼1 eV compared to bulk SnS particles). The optical band gap of SnS quantum dots is controlled by varying the pH (∼0 to 2.25), ageing time (24 to 144 h) and molarity (0 to 2 M) of the precursors. These SnS nanoparticles are embedded in a mesh of Sn nanostructures which are synthesized from tin chloride by using sodium borohydride as reducing agent. The Sn nanostructures have a morphology dependent, tunable surface plasmon resonance (SPR), ranging from UV (∼295 nm) to visible region (∼400 nm) of the electromagnetic spectrum. In the SnS-Sn nanohybrids, the excitons are strongly coupled with plasmons leading to a shift in the excitonic binding energy (∼400 meV). The pure SnS quantum dots have a very weak photoluminescence peak at ∼560 nm and Raman shift of low intensity at 853.08 cm‑1, 1078.17 cm‑1, 1255.60 cm‑1, 1466.91 cm‑1. The coupling of SnS nanoparticles with Sn nanoparticles results in strong exciton-plasmon interactions leading to enhanced photoluminescence and Raman line intensity. The nanohybrids formed using Sn nanosheets whose SPR matches with absorption onset of the SnS nanoparticles shows an enhancement of ∼104 times higher than pure SnS nanoparticles. Thus, Sn nanosheet with surface plasmon resonance in visible region (400 nm) like Au and Ag is a promising material for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, plasmon assisted fluorescence imaging and for enhancing the emission intensity of semiconductors with weak emission intensity.

Phase Equilibria of the Ternary Sn-Pb-Co System at 250°C and Interfacial Reactions of Co with Sn-Pb Alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Chao-hong; Kuo, Chun-yi; Yang, Nian-cih

2015-11-01

The isothermal section of the ternary Sn-Pb-Co system at 250°C was experimentally determined through a series of the equilibrated Sn-Pb-Co alloys of various compositions. The equilibrium phases were identified on the basis of compositional analysis. For the Sn-Co intermetallic compounds (IMCs), CoSn3, CoSn2, CoSn and Co3Sn2, the Pb solubility was very limited. There exist five tie-triangle regions. The Co-Pb system involves one monotectic reaction, so the phase separation of liquid alloys near the Co-Pb side occurred prior to solidification. The immiscibility field was also determined. Additionally, interfacial reactions between Co and Sn-Pb alloys were conducted. The reaction phase for the Sn-48 at.%Pb and Sn-58 at.%Pb at 250°C was CoSn3 and CoSn2, respectively. Both of them were simultaneously formed in the Sn-53 at.%Pb/Co. The formed IMCs were closely associated to the phase equilibria relationship of the liquid-CoSn3-CoSn2 tie-triangle. Furthermore, with increasing temperatures, the phase formed in equilibrium with Sn-37 wt.%Pb was found to transit from CoSn3 to CoSn2 at 275°C. We propose a simple method of examining the phase transition temperature in the interfacial reactions to determine the boundaries of the liquid-CoSn3-CoSn2 tie-triangles at different temperatures.

STRESS a SN survey at ESO

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Botticella, M. T.

We performed the Southern inTermediate Redshift ESO Supernova Search (STRESS), a survey specifically designed to measure the rate of both SNe Ia and CC SNe, in order to obtain a direct comparison of the high redshift and local rates and to investigate the dependence of the rates on specific galaxy properties, most notably their colour. We found that the type Ia SN rate, at mean redshift z = 0.3, is 0.22+0.10+0.16-0.08-0.14 h270 SNu, while the CC SN rate, at z = 0.21, is 0.82+0.31+0.300.24-0.26 h270 SNu. The quoted errors are the statistical and systematic uncertainties. With respect to the local value, the CC SN rate at z = 0.2 is higher by a factor of ˜ 2, whereas the type Ia SN rate remains almost constant. We also measured the SN rates in the red and blue galaxies and found that the SN Ia rate seems to be constant in galaxies of different colour, whereas the CC SN rate seems to peak in blue galaxies, as in the local Universe. Finally we exploited the link between SFH and SN rates to predict the evolutionary behaviour of the SN rates and compare it with the path indicated by observations.

STS-118 Space Shuttle Crew Honored

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-09-10

NASA's Kennedy Space Center Education Specialists Linda Scauzillo and Christopher Blair take part in a special education session with local students at Epcot's Base21 Siemens VIP Center. The event was part of the day's activities honoring the space shuttle Endeavour crew of mission STS-118. The crew met with the media and paraded down Main Street. The event also honored teacher-turned-astronaut Barbara R. Morgan, who dedicated a plaque outside the Mission: Space attraction. The other crew members attending were Commander Scott Kelly, Pilot Charlie Hobaugh and Mission Specialists Tracy Caldwell, Dave Williams, Rick Mastracchio and Alvin Drew. Mission STS-118 was the 119th shuttle program flight and the 22nd flight to the International Space Station. Space shuttle Endeavour launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center on Aug. 8 and landed Aug. 21. The mission delivered the S5 truss, continuing the assembly of the space station.

Characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films prepared by photo-chemical deposition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moriya, Katsuhiko; Watabe, Jyunichi; Tanaka, Kunihiko; Uchiki, Hisao

2006-09-01

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films were prepared by post-annealing films of metal sulfides of Cu2S, ZnS and SnS2 precursors deposited on soda-lime glass substrates by photo-chemical deposition (PCD) from aqueous solution containing CuSO4, ZnSO4, SnSO4 and Na2S2O3. In this study, sulfurization was employed to prepare high quality CZTS thin films. Deposited films of metal sulfides were annealed in a furnace in an atmosphere of N2 or N2+H2S(5%) at the temperature of 300°, 400° or 500 °C. The sulfured films showed X-ray diffraction peaks from (112), (220), and (312) planes of CZTS and the peaks became sharp by an increase in the sulfurization temperature. CZTS thin film annealed in atmosphere of N2 was S-poor. After annealing atmosphere was changed from N2 into N2+H2S(5%), the decrease of a composi- tional ratio of sulfur could be suppressed.

Electromigration in Sn-Cu intermetallic compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, C. C.; Chen, C. F.; Liu, P. C.; Chen, Chih

2009-01-01

As the shrinking in bump size continues, the effect of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) on electromigration becomes more pronounced. Electromigration in Sn-Cu intermetallic compounds was examined using edge displacement method. It was found that Cu6Sn5 compounds are more susceptible to electromigration than Cu3Sn compounds. The lower solidus temperature and higher resistivity of the Cu6Sn5 IMCs are responsible for its higher electromigration rate. Length-dependent electromigration behavior was found in the stripes of various lengths and the critical length was determined to be between 5 and 10 μm at 225 °C, which corresponded to a critical product between 2.5 and 5 A/cm. Furthermore, the Sn-Cu compounds were proven to have better electromigration resistance than eutectic SnAgCu solder.

Interfacial Bonding Energy on the Interface between ZChSnSb/Sn Alloy Layer and Steel Body at Microscale

PubMed Central

Xia, Quanzhi; Ma, Yang; Meng, Fanning; Liang, Yinan; Li, Zhixiong

2017-01-01

To investigate the performance of bonding on the interface between ZChSnSb/Sn and steel body, the interfacial bonding energy on the interface of a ZChSnSb/Sn alloy layer and the steel body with or without Sn as an intermediate layer was calculated under the same loadcase using the molecular dynamics simulation software Materials Studio by ACCELRYS, and the interfacial bonding energy under different Babbitt thicknesses was compared. The results show that the bonding energy of the interface with Sn as an intermediate layer is 10% larger than that of the interface without a Sn layer. The interfacial bonding performances of Babbitt and the steel body with Sn as an intermediate layer are better than those of an interface without a Sn layer. When the thickness of the Babbitt layer of bushing is 17.143 Å, the interfacial bonding energy reaches the maximum, and the interfacial bonding performance is optimum. These findings illustrate the bonding mechanism of the interfacial structure from the molecular level so as to ensure the good bonding properties of the interface, which provides a reference for the improvement of the bush manufacturing process from the microscopic point of view. PMID:28946690

Interfacial Bonding Energy on the Interface between ZChSnSb/Sn Alloy Layer and Steel Body at Microscale.

PubMed

Wang, Jianmei; Xia, Quanzhi; Ma, Yang; Meng, Fanning; Liang, Yinan; Li, Zhixiong

2017-09-25

To investigate the performance of bonding on the interface between ZChSnSb/Sn and steel body, the interfacial bonding energy on the interface of a ZChSnSb/Sn alloy layer and the steel body with or without Sn as an intermediate layer was calculated under the same loadcase using the molecular dynamics simulation software Materials Studio by ACCELRYS, and the interfacial bonding energy under different Babbitt thicknesses was compared. The results show that the bonding energy of the interface with Sn as an intermediate layer is 10% larger than that of the interface without a Sn layer. The interfacial bonding performances of Babbitt and the steel body with Sn as an intermediate layer are better than those of an interface without a Sn layer. When the thickness of the Babbitt layer of bushing is 17.143 Å, the interfacial bonding energy reaches the maximum, and the interfacial bonding performance is optimum. These findings illustrate the bonding mechanism of the interfacial structure from the molecular level so as to ensure the good bonding properties of the interface, which provides a reference for the improvement of the bush manufacturing process from the microscopic point of view.

41 CFR 102-118.435 - What procedures does GSA use to perform a postpayment audit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... use to perform a postpayment audit? 102-118.435 Section 102-118.435 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Postpayment Transportation Audits § 102-118.435 What...

Solid Liquid Interdiffusion Bonding of (Pb, Sn)Te Thermoelectric Modules with Cu Electrodes Using a Thin-Film Sn Interlayer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chuang, T. H.; Lin, H. J.; Chuang, C. H.; Yeh, W. T.; Hwang, J. D.; Chu, H. S.

2014-12-01

A (Pb, Sn)Te thermoelectric element plated with a Ni barrier layer and a Ag reaction layer has been joined with a Cu electrode coated with Ag and Sn thin films using a solid-liquid interdiffusion bonding method. This method allows the interfacial reaction between Ag and Sn such that Ag3Sn intermetallic compounds form at low temperature and are stable at high temperature. In this study, the bonding strength was about 6.6 MPa, and the specimens fractured along the interface between the (Pb, Sn)Te thermoelectric element and the Ni barrier layer. Pre-electroplating a film of Sn with a thickness of about 1 μm on the thermoelectric element and pre-heating at 250°C for 3 min ensures the adhesion between the thermoelectric material and the Ni barrier layer. The bonding strength is thus increased to a maximal value of 12.2 MPa, and most of the fractures occur inside the thermoelectric material. During the bonding process, not only the Ag3Sn intermetallics but also Cu6Sn5 forms at the Ag3Sn/Cu interface, which transforms into Cu3Sn with increases in the bonding temperature or bonding time.

21 CFR 118.10 - Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. 118.10 Section 118.10 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... TRANSPORTATION OF SHELL EGGS § 118.10 Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention...

21 CFR 118.10 - Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. 118.10 Section 118.10 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... TRANSPORTATION OF SHELL EGGS § 118.10 Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention...

21 CFR 118.10 - Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. 118.10 Section 118.10 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... TRANSPORTATION OF SHELL EGGS § 118.10 Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention...

21 CFR 118.10 - Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. 118.10 Section 118.10 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... TRANSPORTATION OF SHELL EGGS § 118.10 Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention...

21 CFR 118.10 - Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. 118.10 Section 118.10 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... TRANSPORTATION OF SHELL EGGS § 118.10 Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention...

Highly active carbon supported ternary PdSnPtx (x=0.1-0.7) catalysts for ethanol electro-oxidation in alkaline and acid media.

PubMed

Wang, Xiaoguang; Zhu, Fuchun; He, Yongwei; Wang, Mei; Zhang, Zhonghua; Ma, Zizai; Li, Ruixue

2016-04-15

A series of trimetallic PdSnPtx (x=0.1-0.7)/C catalysts with varied Pt content have been synthesized by co-reduction method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. These catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). The electrochemical results show that, after adding a minor amount of Pt dopant, the resultant PdSnPtx/C demonstrated more superior catalytic performance toward ethanol oxidation as compared with that of mono-/bi-metallic Pd/C or PdSn/C in alkaline solution and the PdSnPt0.2/C with optimal molar ratio reached the best. In acid solution, the PdSnPt0.2/C also depicted a superior catalytic activity relative to the commercial Pt/C catalyst. The possible enhanced synergistic effect between Pd, Sn/Sn(O) and Pt in an alloyed state should be responsible for the as-revealed superior ethanol electro-oxidation performance based upon the beneficial electronic effect and bi-functional mechanism. It implies the trimetallic PdSnPt0.2/C with a low Pt content has a promising prospect as anodic electrocatalyst in fields of alkali- and acid-type direct ethanol fuel cells. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Overexpression of a Common Wheat Gene TaSnRK2.8 Enhances Tolerance to Drought, Salt and Low Temperature in Arabidopsis

PubMed Central

Zhang, Hongying; Mao, Xinguo; Wang, Chengshe; Jing, Ruilian

2010-01-01

Drought, salinity and low temperatures are major factors limiting crop productivity and quality. Sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) plays a key role in abiotic stress signaling in plants. In this study, TaSnRK2.8, a SnRK2 member in wheat, was cloned and its functions under multi-stress conditions were characterized. Subcellular localization showed the presence of TaSnRK2.8 in the cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. Expression pattern analyses in wheat revealed that TaSnRK2.8 was involved in response to PEG, NaCl and cold stresses, and possibly participates in ABA-dependent signal transduction pathways. To investigate its role under various environmental stresses, TaSnRK2.8 was transferred to Arabidopsis under control of the CaMV-35S promoter. Overexpression of TaSnRK2.8 resulted in enhanced tolerance to drought, salt and cold stresses, further confirmed by longer primary roots and various physiological characteristics, including higher relative water content, strengthened cell membrane stability, significantly lower osmotic potential, more chlorophyll content, and enhanced PSII activity. Meanwhile, TaSnRK2.8 plants had significantly lower total soluble sugar levels under normal growing conditions, suggesting that TaSnRK2.8 might be involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Moreover, the transcript levels of ABA biosynthesis (ABA1, ABA2), ABA signaling (ABI3, ABI4, ABI5), stress-responsive genes, including two ABA-dependent genes (RD20A, RD29B) and three ABA-independent genes (CBF1, CBF2, CBF3), were generally higher in TaSnRK2.8 plants than in WT/GFP controls under normal/stress conditions. Our results suggest that TaSnRK2.8 may act as a regulatory factor involved in a multiple stress response pathways. PMID:21209856

Fluid-sensitive nanoscale switching with quantum levitation controlled by α -Sn/β -Sn phase transition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boström, Mathias; Dou, Maofeng; Malyi, Oleksandr I.; Parashar, Prachi; Parsons, Drew F.; Brevik, Iver; Persson, Clas

2018-03-01

We analyze the Lifshitz pressure between silica and tin separated by a liquid mixture of bromobenzene and chlorobenzene. We show that the phase transition from semimetallic α -Sn to metallic β -Sn can switch Lifshitz forces from repulsive to attractive. This effect is caused by the difference in dielectric functions of α -Sn and β -Sn , giving both attractive and repulsive contributions to the total Lifshitz pressure in different frequency regions controlled by the composition of the intervening liquid mixture. In this way, one may be able to produce phase-transition-controlled quantum levitation in a liquid medium.

42 CFR 435.118 - Infants and children under age 19.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Infants and children under age 19. 435.118 Section..., Children Under 19, and Newborn Children § 435.118 Infants and children under age 19. (a) Basis. This...); and 1931(b) and (d) of the Act. (b) Scope. The agency must provide Medicaid to children under age 19...

42 CFR 435.118 - Infants and children under age 19.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Infants and children under age 19. 435.118 Section..., Children Under 19, and Newborn Children § 435.118 Infants and children under age 19. (a) Basis. This...); and 1931(b) and (d) of the Act. (b) Scope. The agency must provide Medicaid to children under age 19...

10 CFR 51.118 - Final environmental impact statement-notice of availability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Final environmental impact statement-notice of availability. 51.118 Section 51.118 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGULATIONS FOR DOMESTIC LICENSING AND RELATED REGULATORY FUNCTIONS National Environmental Policy Act...

Metal atom dynamics in superbulky metallocenes: a comparison of (Cp(BIG))2Sn and (Cp(BIG))2Eu.

PubMed

Harder, Sjoerd; Naglav, Dominik; Schwerdtfeger, Peter; Nowik, Israel; Herber, Rolfe H

2014-02-17

Cp(BIG)2Sn (Cp(BIG) = (4-n-Bu-C6H4)5cyclopentadienyl), prepared by reaction of 2 equiv of Cp(BIG)Na with SnCl2, crystallized isomorphous to other known metallocenes with this ligand (Ca, Sr, Ba, Sm, Eu, Yb). Similarly, it shows perfect linearity, C-H···C(π) bonding between the Cp(BIG) rings and out-of-plane bending of the aryl substituents toward the metal. Whereas all other Cp(BIG)2M complexes show large disorder in the metal position, the Sn atom in Cp(BIG)2Sn is perfectly ordered. In contrast, (119)Sn and (151)Eu Mößbauer investigations on the corresponding Cp(BIG)2M metallocenes show that Sn(II) is more dynamic and loosely bound than Eu(II). The large displacement factors in the group 2 and especially in the lanthanide(II) metallocenes Cp(BIG)2M can be explained by static metal disorder in a plane parallel to the Cp(BIG) rings. Despite parallel Cp(BIG) rings, these metallocenes have a nonlinear Cpcenter-M-Cpcenter geometry. This is explained by an ionic model in which metal atoms are polarized by the negatively charged Cp rings. The extent of nonlinearity is in line with trends found in M(2+) ion polarizabilities. The range of known calculated dipole polarizabilities at the Douglas-Kroll CCSD(T) level was extended with values (atomic units) for Sn(2+) 15.35, Sm(2+)(4f(6) (7)F) 9.82, Eu(2+)(4f(7) (8)S) 8.99, and Yb(2+)(4f(14) (1)S) 6.55. This polarizability model cannot be applied to predominantly covalently bound Cp(BIG)2Sn, which shows a perfectly ordered structure. The bent geometry of Cp*2Sn should therefore not be explained by metal polarizability but is due to van der Waals Cp*···Cp* attraction and (to some extent) to a small p-character component in the Sn lone pair.

Effect of Sn Composition in Ge1- x Sn x Layers Grown by Using Rapid Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kil, Yeon-Ho; Kang, Sukill; Jeong, Tae Soo; Shim, Kyu-Hwan; Kim, Dae-Jung; Choi, Yong-Dae; Kim, Mi Joung; Kim, Taek Sung

2018-05-01

The Ge1- x Sn x layers were grown by using rapid thermal chemical-vapor deposition (RTCVD) on boron-doped p-type Si (100) substrates with Sn compositions up to x = 0.83%. In order to obtain effect of the Sn composition on the structural and the optical characteristics, we utilized highresolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD), etch pit density (EPD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, and photocurrent (PC) spectra. The Sn compositions in the Ge1- x Sn x layers were found to be of x = 0.00%, 0.51%, 0.65%, and 0.83%. The root-mean-square (RMS) of the surface roughness of the Ge1- x Sn x layer increased from 2.02 nm to 3.40 nm as the Sn composition was increased from 0.51% to 0.83%, and EPD was on the order of 108 cm-2. The Raman spectra consist of only one strong peak near 300 cm-1, which is assigned to the Ge-Ge LO peaks and the Raman peaks shift to the wave number with increasing Sn composition. Photocurrent spectra show near energy band gap peaks and their peak energies decrease with increasing Sn composition due to band-gap bowing in the Ge1- x Sn x layer. An increase in the band gap bowing parameter was observed with increasing Sn composition.

40 CFR 35.118 - Unexpended balances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Unexpended balances. 35.118 Section 35... balances. Subject to any relevant provisions of law, if a recipient's Financial Status Report shows unexpended balances, the Regional Administrator will deobligate the unexpended balances and make them...

40 CFR 35.118 - Unexpended balances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Unexpended balances. 35.118 Section 35... balances. Subject to any relevant provisions of law, if a recipient's Financial Status Report shows unexpended balances, the Regional Administrator will deobligate the unexpended balances and make them...

Effect of Lactobacillus salivarius bacteriocin Abp118 on the mouse and pig intestinal microbiota.

PubMed

Riboulet-Bisson, Eliette; Sturme, Mark H J; Jeffery, Ian B; O'Donnell, Michelle M; Neville, B Anne; Forde, Brian M; Claesson, Marcus J; Harris, Hugh; Gardiner, Gillian E; Casey, Patrick G; Lawlor, Peadar G; O'Toole, Paul W; Ross, R Paul

2012-01-01

Lactobacilli are gram-positive bacteria that are a subdominant element in the human gastrointestinal microbiota, and which are commonly used in the food industry. Some lactobacilli are considered probiotic, and have been associated with health benefits. However, there is very little culture-independent information on how consumed probiotic microorganisms might affect the entire intestinal microbiota. We therefore studied the impact of the administration of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118, a microorganism well characterized for its probiotic properties, on the composition of the intestinal microbiota in two model animals. UCC118 has anti-infective activity due to production of the bacteriocin Abp118, a broad-spectrum class IIb bacteriocin, which we hypothesized could impact the microbiota. Mice and pigs were administered wild-type (WT) L. salivarius UCC118 cells, or a mutant lacking bacteriocin production. The microbiota composition was determined by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from faeces. The data show that L. salivarius UCC118 administration had no significant effect on proportions of major phyla comprising the mouse microbiota, whether the strain was producing bacteriocin or not. However, L. salivarius UCC118 WT administration led to a significant decrease in Spirochaetes levels, the third major phylum in the untreated pig microbiota. In both pigs and mice, L. salivarius UCC118 administration had an effect on Firmicutes genus members. This effect was not observed when the mutant strain was administered, and was thus associated with bacteriocin production. Surprisingly, in both models, L. salivarius UCC118 administration and production of Abp118 had an effect on gram-negative microorganisms, even though Abp118 is normally not active in vitro against this group of microorganisms. Thus L. salivarius UCC118 administration has a significant but subtle impact on mouse and pig microbiota, by a mechanism that seems at least partially bacteriocin-dependent.

Effect of Lactobacillus salivarius Bacteriocin Abp118 on the Mouse and Pig Intestinal Microbiota

PubMed Central

Riboulet-Bisson, Eliette; Sturme, Mark H. J.; Jeffery, Ian B.; O'Donnell, Michelle M.; Neville, B. Anne; Forde, Brian M.; Claesson, Marcus J.; Harris, Hugh; Gardiner, Gillian E.; Casey, Patrick G.; Lawlor, Peadar G.; O'Toole, Paul W.; Ross, R. Paul

2012-01-01

Lactobacilli are Gram-positive bacteria that are a subdominant element in the human gastrointestinal microbiota, and which are commonly used in the food industry. Some lactobacilli are considered probiotic, and have been associated with health benefits. However, there is very little culture-independent information on how consumed probiotic microorganisms might affect the entire intestinal microbiota. We therefore studied the impact of the administration of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118, a microorganism well characterized for its probiotic properties, on the composition of the intestinal microbiota in two model animals. UCC118 has anti-infective activity due to production of the bacteriocin Abp118, a broad-spectrum class IIb bacteriocin, which we hypothesized could impact the microbiota. Mice and pigs were administered wild-type (WT) L. salivarius UCC118 cells, or a mutant lacking bacteriocin production. The microbiota composition was determined by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from faeces. The data show that L. salivarius UCC118 administration had no significant effect on proportions of major phyla comprising the mouse microbiota, whether the strain was producing bacteriocin or not. However, L. salivarius UCC118 WT administration led to a significant decrease in Spirochaetes levels, the third major phylum in the untreated pig microbiota. In both pigs and mice, L. salivarius UCC118 administration had an effect on Firmicutes genus members. This effect was not observed when the mutant strain was administered, and was thus associated with bacteriocin production. Surprisingly, in both models, L. salivarius UCC118 administration and production of Abp118 had an effect on Gram-negative microorganisms, even though Abp118 is normally not active in vitro against this group of microorganisms. Thus L. salivarius UCC118 administration has a significant but subtle impact on mouse and pig microbiota, by a mechanism that seems at least partially bacteriocin

The recruitment of the U5 snRNP to nascent transcripts requires internal loop 1 of U5 snRNA.

PubMed

Kim, Rebecca; Paschedag, Joshua; Novikova, Natalya; Bellini, Michel

2012-12-01

In this study, we take advantage of the high spatial resolution offered by the nucleus and lampbrush chromosomes of the amphibian oocyte to investigate the mechanisms that regulate the intranuclear trafficking of the U5 snRNP and its recruitment to nascent transcripts. We monitor the fate of newly assembled fluorescent U5 snRNP in Xenopus oocytes depleted of U4 and/or U6 snRNAs and demonstrate that the U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP is not required for the association of U5 snRNP with Cajal bodies, splicing speckles, and nascent transcripts. In addition, using a mutational analysis, we show that a non-functional U5 snRNP can associate with nascent transcripts, and we further characterize internal loop structure 1 of U5 snRNA as a critical element for licensing U5 snRNP to target both nascent transcripts and splicing speckles. Collectively, our data support the model where the recruitment of snRNPs onto pre-mRNAs is independent of spliceosome assembly and suggest that U5 snRNP may promote the association of the U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP with nascent transcripts.

Device simulation of GeSn/GeSiSn pocket n-type tunnel field-effect transistor for analog and RF applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Suyuan; Zheng, Jun; Xue, Chunlai; Li, Chuanbo; Zuo, Yuhua; Cheng, Buwen; Wang, Qiming

2017-11-01

We present the device simulations of analog and radio frequency (RF) performances of four double-gate pocket n-type tunneling field-effect transistors (NTFETs). The direct current (DC), analog and RF performances of the Ge-homo, GeSn-homo, GeSn/Ge and GeSn/GeSiSn NTFETs, are compared. The GeSn NTFETs greatly improve the on-state current (ION) and average subthreshold slope (SS), when compared with the Ge NTFET. Moreover, the GeSn/GeSiSn NTFET has the largest intrinsic gain (Av), and exhibits a suppressed ambipolar behavior, improved cut-off frequency (fT), and gain bandwidth product (GBW), according to the analyzed analog and RF figures of merit (FOM). Therefore, it can be concluded that the GeSn/GeSiSn NTFET has great potential as a promising candidate for the realization of future generation low-power analog/RF applications.

Synthesis of SnO2versus Sn crystals within N-doped porous carbon nanofibers via electrospinning towards high-performance lithium ion batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Hongkang; Lu, Xuan; Li, Longchao; Li, Beibei; Cao, Daxian; Wu, Qizhen; Li, Zhihui; Yang, Guang; Guo, Baolin; Niu, Chunming

2016-03-01

The design of tin-based anode materials (SnO2 or Sn) has become a major concern for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their different inherent characteristics. Herein, particulate SnO2 or Sn crystals coupled with porous N-doped carbon nanofibers (denoted as SnO2/PCNFs and Sn/PCNFs, respectively) are fabricated via the electrospinning method. The electrochemical behaviors of both SnO2/PCNFs and Sn/PCNFs are systematically investigated as anodes for LIBs. When coupled with porous carbon nanofibers, both SnO2 nanoparticles and Sn micro/nanoparticles display superior cycling and rate performances. SnO2/PCNFs and Sn/PCNFs deliver discharge capacities of 998 and 710 mA h g-1 after 140 cycles (at 100, 200, 500 and 1000 mA g-1 each for 10 cycles and then 100 cycles at 100 mA g-1), respectively. However, the Sn/PCNF electrodes show better cycling stability at higher current densities, delivering higher discharge capacities of 700 and 550 mA h g-1 than that of SnO2/PCNFs (685 and 424 mA h g-1) after 160 cycles at 200 and 500 mA g-1, respectively. The different superior electrochemical performance is attributed to the introduction of porous N-doped carbon nanofibers and their self-constructed networks, which, on the one hand, greatly decrease the charge-transfer resistance due to the high conductivity of N-doped carbon fibers; on the other hand, the porous carbon nanofibers with numerous voids and flexible one-dimensional (1D) structures efficiently alleviate the volume changes of SnO2 and Sn during the Li-Sn alloying-dealloying processes. Moreover, the discussion of the electrochemical behaviors of SnO2vs. Sn would provide new insights into the design of tin-based anode materials for practical applications, and the current strategy demonstrates great potential in the rational design of metallic tin-based anode materials.The design of tin-based anode materials (SnO2 or Sn) has become a major concern for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their different inherent

Emergency Medical Service Information System:the ARES 118 experience.

PubMed

Ientile, D A; Cardinale, M A; Cataldi, S; Parafati, M; Pasquarella, A; Trani, N; Corradi, M P

2017-01-01

In this paper we describe ARES 118, the prehospital Emergency Medical Service of the Region Lazio, Italy, focusing on its data system used to populate a data warehouse and to create ad hoc reports. ARES 118 is a regional public mono-specialized health company, established in 2004, that manages the emergency care throughout the Region Lazio. Being a peculiar company in its kind, and being the first experience of this kind in Italy, ARES 118 has begun to equip itself, in an autonomous way, with a corporate information system, starting from what already existed as data collection from the individual provincial operating Centers and then by activating a unique information system at a regional and company level by deploying a data warehouse. All operations were carried out using open source software. Currently, ARES 118 is equipped with a business information system that enables data collection with its storage, management and processing of the same in fairly and easy way. The system allows the production of specific reports and measures modulated on the user requests in order to highlight the different aspects of the activity. The production of ad hoc reports, with the possibility of developing specific indicators, allows the identification and analysis of critical areas/processes in order to implement any corrective actions and monitor the effectiveness of the sam.

α-Eleostearic acid-containing triglycerides for a continuous assay to determine lipase sn-1 and sn-3 regio-preference.

PubMed

El Alaoui, Meddy; Soulère, Laurent; Noiriel, Alexandre; Queneau, Yves; Abousalham, Abdelkarim

2017-08-01

Lipases are essentially described as sn-1 and sn-3 regio-selective. Actually few methods are available to measure this lipase regio-selectivity, moreover they require chiral chromatography analysis or specific derivations which are discontinuous and time consuming. In this study we describe a new, convenient, sensitive and continuous spectrophotometric method to screen lipases regio-selectivity using synthetic triglycerides (TG) containing α-eleostearic acid (9Z, 11E, 13E-octadecatrienoic acid) either at the sn-1 position [1-α-eleostearoyl-2,3-octadecyl-sn-glycerol (sn-EOO)] or at the sn-3 position [1,2-octadecyl-3-α-eleostearoyl-sn-glycerol (sn-OOE)] and coated onto the wells of microtiter plates. A non-hydrolysable ether bond, with a non UV-absorbing alkyl chain, was introduced at the other sn positions to prevent acyl chain migration during TG synthesis or lipolysis. The synthesis of TG containing α-eleostearic acid was performed from S-glycidol in six steps to obtain sn-EOO and in five steps to sn-OOE. The α-eleostearic acid conjugated triene constitutes an intrinsic chromophore and, consequently, confers the strong UV absorption properties of this free fatty acid as well as of the TG harboring it. The lipase activity on coated sn-EOO or sn-OOE was measured by the increase in the absorbance at 272nm due to the transition of α-eleostearic acid from the adsorbed to the soluble state. Human and porcine pancreatic lipases, guinea pig pancreatic lipase related protein 2, Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase, Candida antarctica lipase A and Candida antarctica lipase B were all used to validate the assay. This continuous high-throughput screening method could determine directly without any processes after lipolysis the regio-selectivity of various lipases. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.