Sample records for national government

  1. Education and Nationalism in Scotland: Governing a "Learning Nation"

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Arnott, Margaret; Ozga, Jenny

    2016-01-01

    Nationalism is a key resource for the political work of governing Scotland, and education offers the Scottish National Party (SNP) government a policy space in which political nationalism (self determination) along with social and cultural forms of civic nationalism can be formed and propagated, through referencing "inwards" to…

  2. How nations govern growth.

    PubMed

    1984-03-02

    Officials in China admit that the killing or abondoning of baby girls stems from a government policy limiting couples to 1 child combined with an ancient preference for sons. At the same time leaders maintain that population growth is an national emergency and must be checked. And the 1-child policy remains. To enforce the policy, sterilization is compulsory for 1 parent in a 2-child family. Other reports claim that pregnant women face severe government and social pressure to have an abortion. Comunist governments are not alone in taking a forceful role in population control. In 1975 thousands of people in India were pressured to undergo "voluntary" sterilization. In many places, police and tax collectors, money in hand, "convinced" people to get sterilized. Critics recognize a horribla abuse of government powers in these population control efforts. Recognizing that the populations of the poorest nations will double in 20-30 years, 59 countries responded with some kind of population policy by 1980. These countries are spending an average of US$4.60 on population programs for each US$1 they received in UN aid. In many places, the effort is beginning to show results. A 1982 survey found that 35 countries -- with 88% of the 3rd world population -- had cut the growth of their birthrates by 5-34%. Generally, governments have chosen any of 3 ways to attack the problem: cash payments for sterilization or contraceptive use; penalties for big families; and "delayed incentives." At least 20 governments use money to convince people to have fewer babies. Some programs pay for sterilization,other for contraceptive use. All payments are low. Some governments personalize those who exceed a recommended family size. Other nations have adopted variations of the idea. Some governments, instead of paying up front cash, offer pension plans or bank accounts to limit family size. Almost all population experts believe that the mot successful programs are those which are not imposed from

  3. Internet Governance and National Security

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-01-01

    the conflict created by headline- grabbing exploits of ad hoc hacker networks or nation-state-inspired cor­ porate espionage.5 Malicious actors add...governance of critical Internet re­ sources and their impact on US national security are often overlooked. Foreign efforts to alter the technical...crime, espio­ nage, and other forms of cyber conflict rather than on the issues related to governance of critical Internet resources, development of

  4. 75 FR 67709 - National Assessment Governing Board; Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-03

    ... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION National Assessment Governing Board; Meeting AGENCY: National Assessment Governing Board, Department of Education. ACTION: Notice of Open Meeting and Partially Closed Sessions... section 412 of the National Education Statistics Act of 1994, as amended. The Board is established to...

  5. National governance of archetypes in Norway.

    PubMed

    Ljosland Bakke, Silje

    2015-01-01

    Norwegian National ICT has implemented a national governance scheme for archetypes. The scheme uses openEHR, and is possibly the first of its kind worldwide. It introduces several new processes and methods for crowd sourcing clinician input. It has spent much of its first year establishing practical processes and recruiting clinicians, and only a few archetypes has been reviewed and approved. Some non-reusable archetypes have emerged while the governance scheme has established itself, which demonstrates the need for a centralised governance. As the mass of clinician involvement reached a critical point at the end of 2014, the rate of archetype review and approval increased.

  6. 7 CFR 1260.113 - Established national nonprofit industry-governed organizations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Established national nonprofit industry-governed... national nonprofit industry-governed organizations. Established national nonprofit industry-governed... directors representing the cattle or beef industry on a national basis; and (c) Have been active and ongoing...

  7. 7 CFR 1260.113 - Established national nonprofit industry-governed organizations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Established national nonprofit industry-governed... national nonprofit industry-governed organizations. Established national nonprofit industry-governed... directors representing the cattle or beef industry on a national basis; and (c) Were active and ongoing...

  8. 7 CFR 1260.113 - Established national nonprofit industry-governed organizations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Established national nonprofit industry-governed... national nonprofit industry-governed organizations. Established national nonprofit industry-governed... directors representing the cattle or beef industry on a national basis; and (c) Have been active and ongoing...

  9. 7 CFR 1260.113 - Established national nonprofit industry-governed organizations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Established national nonprofit industry-governed... national nonprofit industry-governed organizations. Established national nonprofit industry-governed... directors representing the cattle or beef industry on a national basis; and (c) Were active and ongoing...

  10. 7 CFR 1260.113 - Established national nonprofit industry-governed organizations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Established national nonprofit industry-governed... national nonprofit industry-governed organizations. Established national nonprofit industry-governed... directors representing the cattle or beef industry on a national basis; and (c) Were active and ongoing...

  11. 76 FR 24869 - National Assessment Governing Board; Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-03

    ... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION National Assessment Governing Board; Meeting AGENCY: Department of Education, National Assessment Governing Board. ACTION: Notice of Open Meeting and Partially Closed Sessions... Education Statistics Act of 1994, as amended. The Board is established to formulate policy guidelines for...

  12. National Assessment Governing Board and Voluntary National Tests: A Tale of Tribulations without Trials

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Guerra, Michael

    2009-01-01

    As the National Assessment Governing Board marks its 20th anniversary, it looks back at its stewardship of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) with understandable pride. NAEP existed for 20 years before the Board was established to provide an independent governance structure for the assessment. During its first two decades, NAEP…

  13. Governance and management of national telehealth programs in Asia.

    PubMed

    Marcelo, Alvin; Ganesh, Jai; Mohan, Jai; Kadam, D B; Ratta, B S; Kulatunga, Gumindu; John, Sheila; Chandra, Andry; Primadi, Oscar; Mohamed, Athika Abdul Sattar; Khan, Muhammad Abdul Hannan; Azad, Abul Alam; Marcelo, Portia

    2015-01-01

    Telehealth and telemedicine are increasingly becoming accepted practices in Asia, but challenges remain in deploying these services to the farthest areas of many developing countries. With the increasing popularity of universal health coverage, there is a resurgence in promoting telehealth services. But while telehealth that reaches the remotest part of a nation is the ideal endpoint, such goals are burdened by various constraints ranging from governance to funding to infrastructure and operational efficiency. enumerate the public funded national telehealth programs in Asia and determine the state of their governance and management. Review of literature, review of official program websites and request for information from key informants. While there are national telehealth programs already in operation in Asia, most experience challenges with governance and subsequently, with management and sustainability of operations. It is important to learn from successful programs that have built and maintained their services over time. An IT governance framework may assist countries to achieve success in offering telehealth and telemedicine to their citizens.

  14. Ethics in Government: A National Survey of Public Administrators.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bowman, James S.

    1990-01-01

    Presents the results of a national survey of 750 practicing government managers regarding ethics in government and society, integrity in public agencies, and moral standards in organizational conduct. The 441 respondents agree that a compelling need exists for guidance in addressing ethical conduct in government. (JOW)

  15. Integrating the Poor through e-Governance: A Case Study of the National e-Governance Plan in India

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dasgupta, Shib Shankar

    2010-01-01

    This dissertation examines the adoption and implementation mechanism of the national e-Governance plan in the regional state of West Bengal in India. The questions that this dissertation seek to illuminate are (i) the various potentials and challenges in integrating the ordinary citizens in the implementation of the national e-Governance plan in…

  16. 41 CFR 109-38.801 - Obtaining SF 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    .... Government National Credit Card. 109-38.801 Section 109-38.801 Public Contracts and Property Management..., U.S. Government National Credit Card § 109-38.801 Obtaining SF 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card. DOE offices electing to use national credit cards shall request the assignment of billing address...

  17. 41 CFR 109-38.801 - Obtaining SF 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    .... Government National Credit Card. 109-38.801 Section 109-38.801 Public Contracts and Property Management..., U.S. Government National Credit Card § 109-38.801 Obtaining SF 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card. DOE offices electing to use national credit cards shall request the assignment of billing address...

  18. 41 CFR 109-38.801 - Obtaining SF 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    .... Government National Credit Card. 109-38.801 Section 109-38.801 Public Contracts and Property Management..., U.S. Government National Credit Card § 109-38.801 Obtaining SF 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card. DOE offices electing to use national credit cards shall request the assignment of billing address...

  19. 41 CFR 109-38.801 - Obtaining SF 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    .... Government National Credit Card. 109-38.801 Section 109-38.801 Public Contracts and Property Management..., U.S. Government National Credit Card § 109-38.801 Obtaining SF 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card. DOE offices electing to use national credit cards shall request the assignment of billing address...

  20. 41 CFR 109-38.801 - Obtaining SF 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    .... Government National Credit Card. 109-38.801 Section 109-38.801 Public Contracts and Property Management..., U.S. Government National Credit Card § 109-38.801 Obtaining SF 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card. DOE offices electing to use national credit cards shall request the assignment of billing address...

  1. The National Biological Information Infrastructure as an E-Government tool

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Sepic, R.; Kase, K.

    2002-01-01

    Coordinated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) is a Web-based system that provides access to data and information on the nation's biological resources. Although it was begun in 1993, predating any formal E-Government initiative, the NBII typifies the E-Government concepts outlined in the President's Management Agenda, as well as in the proposed E-Government Act of 2002. This article-an individual case study and not a broad survey with extensive references to the literature-explores the structure and operation of the NBII in relation to several emerging trends in E-Government: end-user focus, defined and scalable milestones, public-private partnerships, alliances with stakeholders, and interagency cooperation. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. 41 CFR 101-26.502 - U.S. Government National Credit Card.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Credit Card. 101-26.502 Section 101-26.502 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property... SOURCES AND PROGRAM 26.5-GSA Procurement Programs § 101-26.502 U.S. Government National Credit Card. A... Standard Form 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card. [60 FR 19674, Apr. 20, 1995] ...

  3. 41 CFR 101-26.502 - U.S. Government National Credit Card.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Credit Card. 101-26.502 Section 101-26.502 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property... SOURCES AND PROGRAM 26.5-GSA Procurement Programs § 101-26.502 U.S. Government National Credit Card. A... Standard Form 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card. [60 FR 19674, Apr. 20, 1995] ...

  4. 41 CFR 101-26.502 - U.S. Government National Credit Card.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Credit Card. 101-26.502 Section 101-26.502 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property... SOURCES AND PROGRAM 26.5-GSA Procurement Programs § 101-26.502 U.S. Government National Credit Card. A... Standard Form 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card. [60 FR 19674, Apr. 20, 1995] ...

  5. 41 CFR 101-26.502 - U.S. Government National Credit Card.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Credit Card. 101-26.502 Section 101-26.502 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property... SOURCES AND PROGRAM 26.5-GSA Procurement Programs § 101-26.502 U.S. Government National Credit Card. A... Standard Form 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card. [60 FR 19674, Apr. 20, 1995] ...

  6. 41 CFR 101-26.502 - U.S. Government National Credit Card.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Credit Card. 101-26.502 Section 101-26.502 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property... SOURCES AND PROGRAM 26.5-GSA Procurement Programs § 101-26.502 U.S. Government National Credit Card. A... Standard Form 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card. [60 FR 19674, Apr. 20, 1995] ...

  7. Evaluating the sub-national fidelity of national Initiatives in decentralized health systems: Integrated Primary Health Care Governance in Nigeria.

    PubMed

    Eboreime, Ejemai Amaize; Abimbola, Seye; Obi, Felix Abrahams; Ebirim, Obinna; Olubajo, Olalekan; Eyles, John; Nxumalo, Nonhlanhla Lynette; Mambulu, Faith Nankasa

    2017-03-21

    Policy making, translation and implementation in politically and administratively decentralized systems can be challenging. Beyond the mere sub-national acceptance of national initiatives, adherence to policy implementation processes is often poor, particularly in low and middle-income countries. In this study, we explore the implementation fidelity of integrated PHC governance policy in Nigeria's decentralized governance system and its implications on closing implementation gaps with respect to other top-down health policies and initiatives. Having engaged policy makers, we identified 9 core components of the policy (Governance, Legislation, Minimum Service Package, Repositioning, Systems Development, Operational Guidelines, Human Resources, Funding Structure, and Office Establishment). We evaluated the level and pattern of implementation at state level as compared to the national guidelines using a scorecard approach. Contrary to national government's assessment of level of compliance, we found that sub-national governments exercised significant discretion with respect to the implementation of core components of the policy. Whereas 35 and 32% of states fully met national criteria for the structural domains of "Office Establishment" and Legislation" respectively, no state was fully compliant to "Human Resource Management" and "Funding" requirements, which are more indicative of functionality. The pattern of implementation suggests that, rather than implementing to improve outcomes, state governments may be more interested in executing low hanging fruits in order to access national incentives. Our study highlights the importance of evaluating implementation fidelity in providing evidence of implementation gaps towards improving policy execution, particularly in decentralized health systems. This approach will help national policy makers identify more effective ways of supporting lower tiers of governance towards improvement of health systems and outcomes.

  8. 76 FR 70984 - National Assessment Governing Board; Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-16

    ... be discussed/disclosed in an open meeting. Premature disclosure of these secure test items and... Education, National Assessment Governing Board. ACTION: Notice of Open and Closed Meeting Sessions. SUMMARY... Hoc, Assessment Development, and Executive Committee. Meetings Ad Hoc Committee: Open Session: 8:30 a...

  9. Geo-spatial Service and Application based on National E-government Network Platform and Cloud

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Meng, X.; Deng, Y.; Li, H.; Yao, L.; Shi, J.

    2014-04-01

    With the acceleration of China's informatization process, our party and government take a substantive stride in advancing development and application of digital technology, which promotes the evolution of e-government and its informatization. Meanwhile, as a service mode based on innovative resources, cloud computing may connect huge pools together to provide a variety of IT services, and has become one relatively mature technical pattern with further studies and massive practical applications. Based on cloud computing technology and national e-government network platform, "National Natural Resources and Geospatial Database (NRGD)" project integrated and transformed natural resources and geospatial information dispersed in various sectors and regions, established logically unified and physically dispersed fundamental database and developed national integrated information database system supporting main e-government applications. Cross-sector e-government applications and services are realized to provide long-term, stable and standardized natural resources and geospatial fundamental information products and services for national egovernment and public users.

  10. 78 FR 43745 - Expanding National Service Through Partnerships to Advance Government Priorities

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-19

    .... National service and volunteering can be effective solutions to national challenges and can have positive... to coordinate national service and volunteering programs across the Federal Government; (iii... the expansion of national service and volunteering; (iv) identify and develop public-private...

  11. International involvement and national health governance: the basic benefit package in Tajikistan.

    PubMed

    Rechel, Bernd; Khodjamurodov, Ghafur

    2010-06-01

    Tajikistan, a Central Asian state of 7.4 million inhabitants, is facing particular health policy challenges: not only is the country the poorest of the former Soviet republics, but its capacity to deal with post-communist transition and economic crisis has been further undermined through civil war and large-scale migration. This paper, examining the introduction of the basic benefit package and formal co-payments, elucidates how international involvement in Tajikistan's health sector has impacted on national health governance. Based on documentary sources and information provided by key informants, we find that external agencies have both strengthened and weakened national health governance. Although they have played a major part in supporting Tajikistan's health sector, these efforts have often been fragmented, as donor coordination was at times less than optimal. A key challenge for national health governance is the limited technical and institutional capacity of the Ministry of Health and further efforts are needed to build national capacity. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. Japan's Higher Education Incorporation Policy: A Comparative Analysis of Three Stages of National University Governance

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hanada, Shingo

    2013-01-01

    A number of countries with public higher education systems have implemented privatisation policies. In Japan, the national government introduced the National University Corporation Act (NUCA) in 2004 and changed the legal status of national universities from that of government-owned public institutions to independent administrative agencies. Its…

  13. 77 FR 8236 - National Assessment Governing Board; Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-14

    ... Education, National Assessment Governing Board. ACTION: Notice of open and closed meeting sessions. SUMMARY...: Committee Meeting: Assessment Development Committee (ADC): Closed Session: 9 a.m.-3 p.m. Open Session: 3 p.m.-5 p.m. March 1 Committee Meetings Ad Hoc Committee: Open Session 2:30 p.m.-4 p.m. Executive...

  14. Inter-Institutional Relations in the Governance of England's National Parks: A Governmentality Perspective

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Thompson, Nicola

    2005-01-01

    Using Foucault's governmentality approach this paper analyses recent developments in power relations between different levels of government. Taking as its empirical focus the relationship between England's National Park Authorities (NPAs) and the UK government, the paper argues that there are two competing imperatives at work in the governance of…

  15. 76 FR 29195 - National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace (NSTIC) Governance Workshop

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-20

    ... Trusted Identities in Cyberspace (NSTIC) Governance Workshop AGENCY: National Institute of Standards... for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace (NSTIC) Governance Workshop to be held on Thursday, June 9, 2011... Cyberspace (NSTIC) Governance Workshop will be held Thursday, June 9, 2011, 9 a.m. until 5 p.m. and Friday...

  16. Beyond Consultation: First Nations and the Governance of Shale Gas in British Columbia

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Garvie, Kathryn Henderson

    As the province of British Columbia seeks to rapidly develop an extensive natural gas industry, it faces a number of challenges. One of these is that of ensuring that development does not disproportionately impact some of the province's most marginalized communities: the First Nations on whose land extraction will take place. This is particularly crucial given that environmental problems are often caused by unjust and inequitable social conditions that must be rectified before sustainable development can be advanced. This research investigates how the BC Oil and Gas Commission's consultation process addresses, and could be improved to better address Treaty 8 First Nations' concerns regarding shale gas development within their traditional territories. Interviews were conducted with four Treaty 8 First Nations, the Treaty 8 Tribal Association, and provincial government and industry staff. Additionally, participant observation was conducted with the Fort Nelson First Nation Lands and Resources Department. Findings indicate that like many other resource consultation processes in British Columbia, the oil and gas consultation process is unable to meaningfully address First Nations' concerns and values due to fundamental procedural problems, including the permit-by-permit approach and the exclusion of First Nations from the point of decision-making. Considering the government's failure to regulate the shale gas industry in a way that protects ecological, social and cultural resilience, we argue that new governance mechanisms are needed that reallocate authority to First Nations and incorporate proposals for early engagement, long-term planning and cumulative impact assessment and monitoring. Additionally, considering the exceptional power differential between government, industry and First Nations, we argue that challenging industry's social license to operate is an important strategy for First Nations working to gain greater influence over development within their

  17. National poverty reduction strategies and HIV/AIDS governance in Malawi: a preliminary study of shared health governance.

    PubMed

    Wachira, Catherine; Ruger, Jennifer Prah

    2011-06-01

    The public health and development communities understand clearly the need to integrate anti-poverty efforts with HIV/AIDS programs. This article reports findings about the impact of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) process on Malawi's National HIV/AIDS Strategic Framework (NSF). In this article we ask, how does the PRSP process support NSF accountability, participation, access to information, funding, resource planning and allocation, monitoring, and evaluation? In 2007, we developed and conducted a survey of Malawian government ministries, United Nations agencies, members of the Country Coordination Mechanism, the Malawi National AIDS Commission (NAC), and NAC grantees (N = 125, 90% response rate), seeking survey respondents' retrospective perceptions of NSF resource levels, participation, inclusion, and governance before, during, and after Malawi's PRSP process (2000-2004). We also assessed principle health sector and economic indicators and budget allocations for HIV/AIDS. These indicators are part of a new conceptual framework called shared health governance (SHG), which seeks congruence among the values and goals of different groups and actors to reflect a common purpose. Under this framework, global health policy should encompass: (i) consensus among global, national, and sub-national actors on goals and measurable outcomes; (ii) mutual collective accountability; and (iii) enhancement of individual and group health agency. Indicators to assess these elements included: (i) goal alignment; (ii) adequate resource levels; (iii) agreement on key outcomes and indicators for evaluating those outcomes; (iv) meaningful inclusion and participation of groups and institutions; (v) special efforts to ensure participation of vulnerable groups; and (vi) effectiveness and efficiency measures. Results suggest that the PRSP process supported accountability for NSF resources. However, the process may have marginalized key stakeholders, potentially undercutting the

  18. 76 FR 77699 - Special Procedural Rules Governing Periods When the National Labor Relations Board Lacks a Quorum...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-14

    ... NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 29 CFR Part 102 Special Procedural Rules Governing Periods When the National Labor Relations Board Lacks a Quorum of Members AGENCY: National Labor Relations Board. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The National Labor Relations Board is revising its rules governing the...

  19. The link between health governance models and global health innovation: an exploration of OECD nations.

    PubMed

    Schnarr, Karin; Snowdon, Anne; Cramm, Heidi; Cohen, Jason; Alessi, Charles

    2015-01-01

    While there is established research that explores individual innovations across countries or developments in a specific health area, there is less work that attempts to match national innovations to specific systems of health governance to uncover themes across nations. We used a cross-comparison design that employed content analysis of health governance models and innovation patterns in eight OECD nations (Australia, Britain, Canada, France, Germany, The Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States). Country-level model of health governance may impact the focus of health innovation within the eight jurisdictions studied. Innovation across all governance models has targeted consumer engagement in health systems, the integration of health services across the continuum of care, access to care in the community, and financial models that drive competition. Improving our understanding of the linkage between health governance and innovation in health systems may heighten awareness of potential enablers and barriers to innovation success.

  20. 77 FR 18258 - Government-to-Government Telephonic Consultation Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-27

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Park Service [NPS-WASO-NRNHL-0212-9515; 2280-665] Government-to-Government Telephonic Consultation Meetings AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior. SUMMARY: The National Park Service announces two telephonic government- to-government consultation meetings with Indian...

  1. 75 FR 40754 - Government in the Sunshine Act Regulations of the National Science Board

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-14

    ... NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION 45 CFR Part 614 RIN 3145-AA53 Government in the Sunshine Act Regulations of the National Science Board AGENCY: National Science Board (NSB), National Science Foundation (NSF). ACTION: Direct final rule. SUMMARY: The National Science Board (NSB) National Science Foundation...

  2. 76 FR 50719 - Models for a Governance Structure for the National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-16

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Institute of Standards and Technology [Docket No. 110524296-1455-02] Models for a Governance Structure for the National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace... comments regarding the governance structure for the National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace...

  3. The Federal Government and Information Technology Standards: Building the National Information Infrastructure.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Radack, Shirley M.

    1994-01-01

    Examines the role of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the development of the National Information Infrastructure (NII). Highlights include the standards process; voluntary standards; Open Systems Interconnection problems; Internet Protocol Suite; consortia; government's role; and network security. (16 references) (LRW)

  4. 41 CFR 101-26.4901-149 - Standard Form 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Standard Form 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card. 101-26.4901-149 Section 101-26.4901-149 Public Contracts and Property... 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card. Note: The form illustrated in § 101-26.4901-149 is filed as...

  5. 41 CFR 101-26.4901-149 - Standard Form 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Standard Form 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card. 101-26.4901-149 Section 101-26.4901-149 Public Contracts and Property... 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card. Note: The form illustrated in § 101-26.4901-149 is filed as...

  6. 41 CFR 101-26.4901-149 - Standard Form 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 2 2011-07-01 2007-07-01 true Standard Form 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card. 101-26.4901-149 Section 101-26.4901-149 Public Contracts and Property... 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card. Note: The form illustrated in § 101-26.4901-149 is filed as...

  7. 41 CFR 101-26.4901-149 - Standard Form 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 2 2014-07-01 2012-07-01 true Standard Form 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card. 101-26.4901-149 Section 101-26.4901-149 Public Contracts and Property... 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card. Note: The form illustrated in § 101-26.4901-149 is filed as...

  8. 41 CFR 101-26.4901-149 - Standard Form 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 2 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Standard Form 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card. 101-26.4901-149 Section 101-26.4901-149 Public Contracts and Property... 149, U.S. Government National Credit Card. Note: The form illustrated in § 101-26.4901-149 is filed as...

  9. Medical countermeasures for national security: a new government role in the pharmaceuticalization of society.

    PubMed

    Elbe, Stefan; Roemer-Mahler, Anne; Long, Christopher

    2015-04-01

    How do governments contribute to the pharmaceuticalization of society? Whilst the pivotal role of industry is extensively documented, this article shows that governments too are accelerating, intensifying and opening up new trajectories of pharmaceuticalization in society. Governments are becoming more deeply invested in pharmaceuticals because their national security strategies now aspire to defend populations against health-based threats like bioterrorism and pandemics. To counter those threats, governments are acquiring and stockpiling a panoply of 'medical countermeasures' such as antivirals, next-generation vaccines, antibiotics and anti-toxins. More than that, governments are actively incentivizing the development of many new medical countermeasures--principally by marshaling the state's unique powers to introduce exceptional measures in the name of protecting national security. At least five extraordinary policy interventions have been introduced by governments with the aim of stimulating the commercial development of novel medical countermeasures: (1) allocating earmarked public funds, (2) granting comprehensive legal protections to pharmaceutical companies against injury compensation claims, (3) introducing bespoke pathways for regulatory approval, (4) instantiating extraordinary emergency use procedures allowing for the use of unapproved medicines, and (5) designing innovative logistical distribution systems for mass drug administration outside of clinical settings. Those combined efforts, the article argues, are spawning a new, government-led and quite exceptional medical countermeasure regime operating beyond the conventional boundaries of pharmaceutical development and regulation. In the first comprehensive analysis of the pharmaceuticalization dynamics at play in national security policy, this article unearths the detailed array of policy interventions through which governments too are becoming more deeply imbricated in the pharmaceuticalization of

  10. National healthcare systems and the need for health information governance.

    PubMed

    Hovenga, Evelyn J S

    2013-01-01

    This chapter gives an overview of health data, information and knowledge governance needs and associated generic principles so that information systems are able to automate such data collections from point-of-care operational systems. Also covered are health information systems' dimensions and known barriers to the delivery of quality health services, including environmental, technology and governance influences of any population's health status within the context of national health systems. This is where health information managers and health informaticians need to resolve the many challenges associated with eHealth implementations where data are assets, efficient information flow is essential, the ability to acquire new knowledge desirable, and where the use of data and information needs to be viewed from a governance perspective to ensure reliable and quality information is obtained to enhance decision making.

  11. A survey of the governance capacity of national public health associations to enhance population health.

    PubMed

    Chauvin, James; Shukla, Mahesh; Rice, James; Rispel, Laetitia

    2016-03-11

    National public health associations (PHAs) are key partners with governments and communities to improve, protect and promote the public's health. Governance and organizational capacity are among the key determinants of a PHA's effectiveness as an advocate for appropriate public health policies and practice. During 2014, the World Federation of Public Health Associations (WFPHA) conducted an on-line survey of its 82 PHA members, to identify the state of organizational governance of national public health associations, as well as the factors that influence optimal organizational governance. The survey consisted of 13 questions and focused on the main elements of organizational governance: cultivating accountability; engaging stakeholders; setting shared direction; stewarding resources; and, continuous governance enhancement. Four questions included a qualitative open-ended response for additional comments. The survey data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The qualitative data was analyzed using thematic content analysis Responses were received from 62 PHAs, constituting a 75.6 % response rate. The two most important factors that support governance effectiveness were a high degree of integrity and ethical behavior of the PHA's leaders (77 %) and the competence of people serving on the PHA's governing body (76 %). The lack of financial resources was considered as the most important factor that negatively affected organizational governance effectiveness (73 %). The lack of mentoring for future PHA leaders; ineffective or incompetent leadership; lack of understanding about good governance practices; and lack of accurate information for strategic planning were identified as factors influencing PHA governance effectiveness. Critical elements for PHA sustainability included diversity, gender-responsiveness and inclusive governance practices, and strategies to build the future generation of public health leaders. National PHA have a responsibility to put into place

  12. Government and Happiness in 130 Nations: Good Governance Fosters Higher Level and More Equality of Happiness

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ott, J. C.

    2011-01-01

    There are substantial differences in happiness in nations. Average happiness on scale 0-10 ranges in 2006 from 3.24 in Togo to 8.00 in Denmark and the inequality of happiness, as measured by the standard deviation, ranges from 0.85 in Laos to 3.02 in the Dominican Republic. Much of these differences are due to quality of governance and in…

  13. Informal Institutional Responses to Government Interventions: Lessons from Madhupur National Park, Bangladesh

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rahman, H. M. Tuihedur; Sarker, Swapan Kumar; Hickey, Gordon M.; Mohasinul Haque, M.; Das, Niamjit

    2014-11-01

    Madhupur National Park is renowned for severe resource ownership conflicts between ethnic communities and government authorities in Bangladesh. In this study, we applied the Institutional Analysis and Development framework to identify: (i) past and present informal institutional structures within the ethnic Garo community for land resource management; (ii) the origin of the land ownership dispute; (iii) interaction mechanisms between formal and informal institutions; and (iv) change in land management authority and informal governance structures. We identify that the informal institutions of the traditional community have undergone radical change due to government interventions with implications for the regulation of land use, informal institutional functions, and joint-decision-making. Importantly, the government's persistent denial of the role of existing informal institutions is widening the gap between government and community actors, and driving land ownership conflicts in a cyclic way with associated natural resource degradation.

  14. Informal institutional responses to government interventions: lessons from Madhupur National Park, Bangladesh.

    PubMed

    Rahman, H M Tuihedur; Sarker, Swapan Kumar; Hickey, Gordon M; Mohasinul Haque, M; Das, Niamjit

    2014-11-01

    Madhupur National Park is renowned for severe resource ownership conflicts between ethnic communities and government authorities in Bangladesh. In this study, we applied the Institutional Analysis and Development framework to identify: (i) past and present informal institutional structures within the ethnic Garo community for land resource management; (ii) the origin of the land ownership dispute; (iii) interaction mechanisms between formal and informal institutions; and (iv) change in land management authority and informal governance structures. We identify that the informal institutions of the traditional community have undergone radical change due to government interventions with implications for the regulation of land use, informal institutional functions, and joint-decision-making. Importantly, the government's persistent denial of the role of existing informal institutions is widening the gap between government and community actors, and driving land ownership conflicts in a cyclic way with associated natural resource degradation.

  15. Industry/Government Teleconference on Pollution Control. Proceedings National Telecast and Local Panel Sessions.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Association of Manufacturers, New York, NY.

    Proceedings of the closed-circuit Teleconference on Pollution Control conducted by the National Association of Manufacturers on May 26, 1971 are supplied in this compendium. Edited transcripts are provided for the national programs and local panel sessions. Seeking to bring business and government together for cooperative problem solving, the…

  16. The Press and Government Restriction: A Cross-National Study Over Time.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Weaver, David H.

    Studies on mass communication and national development and studies of press freedom were reviewed to construct a macro-level theoretical model of press freedom development including seven key concepts: availability of resources, urbanism, educational level, mass media development, accountability of governors, stress on government, and government…

  17. 3 CFR - Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to the Actions of the Government of Syria

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 3 The President 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to the Actions of the Government of Syria Presidential Documents Other Presidential Documents Notice of May 7, 2009 Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to the Actions of the Government of Syria On May 11, 2004, pursuant to his...

  18. 3 CFR - Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to the Actions of the Government of Syria

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 3 The President 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to the Actions of the Government of Syria Presidential Documents Other Presidential Documents Notice of May 7, 2013 Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to the Actions of the Government of Syria On May 11, 2004, pursuant to his...

  19. Rethinking Public Higher Education Governing Boards Performance: Results of a National Study of Governing Boards in the United States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kezar, Adrianna J.

    2006-01-01

    This study examines performance among public higher education boards, describing the results from a national study. The research questions that framed the study were: What are the elements of high performance/effectiveness in public higher education governing boards? How does performance among public higher education boards compare to the research…

  20. 42 CFR 137.203 - May a Self-Governance Tribe participate in a voluntary national uniform data collection effort...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...-Governance Tribe participate in a voluntary national uniform data collection effort with the IHS? Yes, in... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false May a Self-Governance Tribe participate in a voluntary national uniform data collection effort with the IHS? 137.203 Section 137.203 Public Health PUBLIC...

  1. 76 FR 24791 - Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to the Actions of the Government of Syria

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-03

    ... National Emergency With Respect to the Actions of the Government of Syria On May 11, 2004, pursuant to his authority under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, 50 U.S.C. 1701-1706, and the Syria... Government of Syria. To deal with this national emergency, Executive Order 13338 authorized the blocking of...

  2. The impact of IMF conditionality on government health expenditure: A cross-national analysis of 16 West African nations.

    PubMed

    Stubbs, Thomas; Kentikelenis, Alexander; Stuckler, David; McKee, Martin; King, Lawrence

    2017-02-01

    How do International Monetary Fund (IMF) policy reforms-so-called 'conditionalities'-affect government health expenditures? We collected archival documents on IMF programmes from 1995 to 2014 to identify the pathways and impact of conditionality on government health spending in 16 West African countries. Based on a qualitative analysis of the data, we find that IMF policy reforms reduce fiscal space for investment in health, limit staff expansion of doctors and nurses, and lead to budget execution challenges in health systems. Further, we use cross-national fixed effects models to evaluate the relationship between IMF-mandated policy reforms and government health spending, adjusting for confounding economic and demographic factors and for selection bias. Each additional binding IMF policy reform reduces government health expenditure per capita by 0.248 percent (95% CI -0.435 to -0.060). Overall, our findings suggest that IMF conditionality impedes progress toward the attainment of universal health coverage. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. 76 FR 53937 - Order of Succession for Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA)

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-30

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT [Docket No. FR-5538-D-02] Order of Succession for... Mortgage Association, HUD. ACTION: Notice of Order of Succession. SUMMARY: In this notice, the President of the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) designates the Order of Succession for GNMA. This...

  4. 17 CFR 240.19c-5 - Governing the multiple listing of options on national securities exchanges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... of options on national securities exchanges. 240.19c-5 Section 240.19c-5 Commodity and Securities... of Exchange Members § 240.19c-5 Governing the multiple listing of options on national securities exchanges. (a) The rules of each national securities exchange that provides a trading market in standardized...

  5. 5 CFR 842.107 - Employees covered under the National Capital Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Employees covered under the National Capital Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act of 1997. 842.107 Section 842.107 Administrative... Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act of 1997. The following categories of employees of the District...

  6. 5 CFR 842.107 - Employees covered under the National Capital Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Employees covered under the National Capital Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act of 1997. 842.107 Section 842.107 Administrative... Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act of 1997. The following categories of employees of the District...

  7. 5 CFR 842.107 - Employees covered under the National Capital Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Employees covered under the National Capital Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act of 1997. 842.107 Section 842.107 Administrative... Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act of 1997. The following categories of employees of the District...

  8. 5 CFR 842.107 - Employees covered under the National Capital Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Employees covered under the National Capital Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act of 1997. 842.107 Section 842.107 Administrative... Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act of 1997. The following categories of employees of the District...

  9. 5 CFR 842.107 - Employees covered under the National Capital Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Employees covered under the National Capital Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act of 1997. 842.107 Section 842.107 Administrative... Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act of 1997. The following categories of employees of the District...

  10. Governance of National Research University in Southeast Asia: The Case of Chiang Mai University in Thailand

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rungfamai, Kreangchai

    2018-01-01

    This paper aims to deal with lingering governance issues of a prestigious university in a developing country of Southeast Asia. It provides a description of environments, changes, and university stakeholders' perceptions in terms of governance arrangements of Chiang Mai University (CMU), which was selected as a National Research University in…

  11. 17 CFR 240.19c-3 - Governing off-board trading by members of national securities exchanges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Governing off-board trading by... Members § 240.19c-3 Governing off-board trading by members of national securities exchanges. The rules of... in any reported security listed and registered on this exchange or as to which unlisted trading...

  12. 17 CFR 240.19c-3 - Governing off-board trading by members of national securities exchanges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Governing off-board trading by... Members § 240.19c-3 Governing off-board trading by members of national securities exchanges. The rules of... in any reported security listed and registered on this exchange or as to which unlisted trading...

  13. 17 CFR 240.19c-3 - Governing off-board trading by members of national securities exchanges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Governing off-board trading by... Members § 240.19c-3 Governing off-board trading by members of national securities exchanges. The rules of... in any reported security listed and registered on this exchange or as to which unlisted trading...

  14. 17 CFR 240.19c-3 - Governing off-board trading by members of national securities exchanges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Governing off-board trading by... Members § 240.19c-3 Governing off-board trading by members of national securities exchanges. The rules of... in any reported security listed and registered on this exchange or as to which unlisted trading...

  15. 17 CFR 240.19c-3 - Governing off-board trading by members of national securities exchanges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Governing off-board trading by... Members § 240.19c-3 Governing off-board trading by members of national securities exchanges. The rules of... in any reported security listed and registered on this exchange or as to which unlisted trading...

  16. Yet To Make the Grade: New Zealand National Government's Early Education Policy.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Farquhar, Sarah-Eve J.

    The early education policy of the National Party government in New Zealand is based on the Parents As First Teachers (PAFT) approach and the New Parents as Teachers project, which originated in the United States in Missouri. It is difficult to assess this project, which is not well-documented. The PAFT policy that parents should be home with…

  17. Industry and government perspectives on First Nations' participation in the British Columbia environmental assessment process

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Booth, Annie L., E-mail: annie@unbc.ca; Skelton, Norm W.

    2011-04-15

    Research was conducted with West Moberly First Nations, Halfway First Nation and the Treaty 8 Tribal Association (located in northeastern British Columbia, Canada) on effective engagement in environmental assessment processes. As part of this research, we examined the perspectives of a subset of resource industry proponents and their consultants, as well as staff from the British Columbia Environmental Assessment Office on their experiences with the requirement to consult with Canada's indigenous peoples. Research into the perspectives of industry proponents and consultants is almost non-existent, yet industry and governments are key participants within environmental assessments. This research found that industry proponentsmore » were disenfranchised by the British Columbia environmental assessment process and its mechanisms for consulting with First Nations, and that they sought changes to that process. Their concerns and their implications are documented and some recommendations are offered for addressing those concerns. Understanding industry and government views on First Nations engagement could suggest not only potential improvements in EA processes that facilitate all parties but provide common grounds for mutually engaging to resolve challenges.« less

  18. Governance and Regional Variation of Homicide Rates: Evidence From Cross-National Data.

    PubMed

    Cao, Liqun; Zhang, Yan

    2017-01-01

    Criminological theories of cross-national studies of homicide have underestimated the effects of quality governance of liberal democracy and region. Data sets from several sources are combined and a comprehensive model of homicide is proposed. Results of the spatial regression model, which controls for the effect of spatial autocorrelation, show that quality governance, human development, economic inequality, and ethnic heterogeneity are statistically significant in predicting homicide. In addition, regions of Latin America and non-Muslim Sub-Saharan Africa have significantly higher rates of homicides ceteris paribus while the effects of East Asian countries and Islamic societies are not statistically significant. These findings are consistent with the expectation of the new modernization and regional theories. © The Author(s) 2015.

  19. Governance and Institutional Autonomy: Governing and Governance in Portuguese Higher Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Magalhaes, Antonio; Veiga, Amelia; Ribeiro, Filipa; Amaral, Alberto

    2013-01-01

    This paper aims at looking at governance instruments beyond managerial technicality. It intends to do so by analysing the impact of governance reforms on the universities autonomy assumed as a regulation instrument to politically steer systems and institutions. The regulation efforts undertaken at the European and national levels reflect a trend…

  20. 77 FR 43065 - National Assessment Governing Board; Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-23

    ...This notice sets forth the schedule and proposed agenda for the upcoming meeting of the National Assessment Governing Board (Board) and also describes the specific functions of the Board. Notice of this meeting is required under Section 10 (a) (2) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act. This notice is issued to provide members of the general public with an opportunity to attend and/or provide comments. Individuals who will need special accommodations in order to attend the meeting (e.g., interpreting services, assistive listening devices, materials in alternative format) should notify Munira Mwalimu at 202- 357-6938 or at [email protected] no later than July 27, 2012. We will attempt to meet requests after this date but cannot guarantee availability of the requested accommodation. The meeting site is accessible to individuals with disabilities.

  1. Policy and governance to address depression and suicide in Bhutan: The national suicide-prevention strategy.

    PubMed

    Dorji, Gampo; Choki, Sonam; Jamphel, Kinga; Wangdi, Yeshi; Chogyel, Tandin; Dorji, Chencho; Nirola, Damber Kumar

    2017-04-01

    Suicide and mental disorders are a growing public health issue in Bhutan, due in part to a rapidly transitioning society. The burden of suicide has been recognized by the Royal Government of Bhutan and, as a result, it introduced the country's first ever national suicide-prevention plan in 2015. The 3-year action plan takes a holistic approach to making suicide-prevention services a top social priority, through strengthening suicide-prevention policies, promoting socially protective measures, mitigating risk factors and reaching out to individuals who are at risk of suicide or affected by incidents of suicide. This article documents Bhutan's policy and governance for addressing depression and suicide within the context of its national suicide-prevention strategy, examines progress and highlights lessons for future directions in suicide prevention. Since the endorsement of the 3-year action plan by the prime minister's cabinet, the implementation of suicide-prevention measures has been accelerated through a high-level national steering committee. Activities include suicide-prevention actions by sectors such as health, education, monastic communities and police; building capacity of gatekeepers; and improving the suicide information system to inform policies and decision-making. Suicide-prevention activities have become the responsibility of local governments, paving the way for suicide prevention as an integral mandate across sectors and at grass-root levels in the Kingdom of Bhutan.

  2. Good governance in national solid waste management policy (NSWMP) implementation: A case study of Malaysia

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wee, Seow Ta; Abas, Muhamad Azahar; Mohamed, Sulzakimin; Chen, Goh Kai; Zainal, Rozlin

    2017-10-01

    The National Solid Waste Management Policy (NSWMP) was introduced in 2007 under the Act 672. The execution of NSWMP involves stakeholders from various government agencies and a collaboration with the private sectors. Despite the initiatives taken by the stakeholders, the objectives of NSWMP failed to materialise. One of the major constraints is weak governance among stakeholders with regards to the NSWMP implementation. This paper will explore the good governance practices implemented by the stakeholders. Identifying the current good governance practices implemented by the stakeholders is crucial as it will serve as a guideline to improve good governance practice in the future. An exploratory research approach is applied in this study through in-depth interviews with several government agencies and concessionaires involved in the NSWMP implementation. A total of six respondents took part in this study. The findings of this study show that there are several good governance practices implemented in policy promotion, participation of stakeholders, and capacity enhancement programme for the staff. This study also proposed some points on good governance practices in the context of policy promotion and staff development. A paradigm shift by the stakeholders is imperative so as to enhance the good governance practice in NSWMP implementation towards an efficient solid waste management in Malaysia.

  3. Challenges for Governance: A National Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tierney, William G.; Minor, James T.

    This report is designed to help policymakers, administrators, faculty, and researchers address the challenges of institutional governance by providing empirical data on the current role of faculty in institutional governance. It presents the results of a survey of more than 2,000 faculty and provosts across the United States (response rate of 53%)…

  4. 17 CFR 240.19c-1 - Governing certain off-board agency transactions by members of national securities exchanges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Governing certain off-board agency transactions by members of national securities exchanges. 240.19c-1 Section 240.19c-1 Commodity... members of national securities exchanges. The rules of each national securities exchange shall provide as...

  5. Unique governance for a national ministry. Catholic Health Initiatives' board structure empowers laity, supports mission.

    PubMed

    Poe, J E

    1998-01-01

    The three original founding healthcare systems and 10 sponsoring religious institutes of Catholic Health Initiatives (CHI) have developed an unprecedented governance model to support their vision of a national Catholic health ministry in the twenty-first century. The new organization spans 22 states; annual revenues exceed $4.7 billion. Religious institutes choose either active or honorary status before consolidating with CHI, depending on their desired involvement in the organization. Currently, nine are active and two are honorary. CHI's civil corporation comprises one representative from each active congregation. These representatives approve major changes in mission or philosophical direction. They control board membership by appointing three to five congregation representatives as sponsorship trustees, who are responsible for approving the remaining members of the Board of Stewardship Trustees. This half-religious, half-lay governing board is responsible for leading CHI. CHI has only two levels of governance, a national board and boards of market-based organizations, for instance a network of facilities with one management structure, or a community board of an individual facility. This avoids multiple administrative layers and approval processes. The organization has a civil identity as CHI and a canonical identity as a public juridic person of pontifical right, called Catholic Health Care Federation (CHCF). The governing board members of CHI, as members of CHCF, serve as the religious sponsors for all CHI health facilities. Some facilities have already been "alienated" (turned over) to CHI by their religious institutes; others will be alienated in the future. CHI's recent consolidation with Sisters of Charity of Nazareth Health System added an 11th sponsor, a sixth geographic region, and two members--one religious and one lay--to the governing board. The governance model assists such growth through the appeal of an equal religious-lay partnership and a

  6. [Factional disputes on the retention or abolition of traditional Chinese medicine within the National Government].

    PubMed

    Hao, Xian-zhong; Zhu, De-pei

    2008-07-01

    The disputes between Western and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) started at the turn of late Qing Dynasty to early Republican China, intensified in the period of construction of National Government at Nanking, lasting for several years. The scope of dispute also extended from the initial medical area to the mass media, and even to the government interior factions. The form of the combat also changed from the debates of original scientific theory to the confrontation of political ideology. It was the government interior factional disputes which caused "the case of abolition of the traditional Chinese medicine" to abort objectively, with the difficult advent of the regulations which saved TCM, to certain degree, from vanishing.

  7. Addressing the challenges of cross-jurisdictional data linkage between a national clinical quality registry and government-held health data.

    PubMed

    Andrew, Nadine E; Sundararajan, Vijaya; Thrift, Amanda G; Kilkenny, Monique F; Katzenellenbogen, Judith; Flack, Felicity; Gattellari, Melina; Boyd, James H; Anderson, Phil; Grabsch, Brenda; Lannin, Natasha A; Johnston, Trisha; Chen, Ying; Cadilhac, Dominique A

    2016-10-01

    To describe the challenges of obtaining state and nationally held data for linkage to a non-government national clinical registry. We reviewed processes negotiated to achieve linkage between the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry (AuSCR), the National Death Index, and state held hospital data. Minutes from working group meetings, national workshop meetings, and documented communications with health department staff were reviewed and summarised. Time from first application to receipt of data was more than two years for most state data-sets. Several challenges were unique to linkages involving identifiable data from a non-government clinical registry. Concerns about consent, the re-identification of data, duality of data custodian roles and data ownership were raised. Requirements involved the development of data flow methods, separating roles and multiple governance and ethics approvals. Approval to link death data presented the fewest barriers. To our knowledge, this is the first time in Australia that person-level data from a clinical quality registry has been linked to hospital and mortality data across multiple Australian jurisdictions. Implications for Public Health: The administrative load of obtaining linked data makes projects such as this burdensome but not impossible. An improved national centralised strategy for data linkage in Australia is urgently needed. © 2016 Public Health Association of Australia.

  8. The National Security Education Program and Its Service Requirement: An Exploratory Study of What Areas of Government and for What Duration National Security Education Program Recipients Have Worked

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Comp, David J.

    2013-01-01

    The National Security Education Program, established under the National Security Education Act of 1991, has had a post-funding service requirement in the Federal Government for undergraduate scholarship and graduate fellowship recipients since its inception. The service requirement, along with the concern that the National Security Education…

  9. Priorities in national space strategies and governance of the member states of the European Space Agency

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Adriaensen, Maarten; Giannopapa, Christina; Sagath, Daniel; Papastefanou, Anastasia

    2015-12-01

    The European Space Agency (ESA) has twenty Member States with a variety of strategic priorities and governance structures regarding their space activities. A number of countries engage in space activities exclusively though ESA, while others have also their own national space programme. Some consider ESA as their prime space agency and others have additionally their own national agency with respective programmes. The main objective of this paper is to provide an up-to date overview and a holistic assessment of strategic priorities and the national space governance structures in 20 ESA Member States. This analysis and assessment has been conducted by analysing the Member States public documents, information provided at ESA workshop on this topic and though unstructured interviews. The paper is structured to include two main elements: priorities and trends in national space strategies and space governance in ESA Member States. The first part of this paper focuses on the content and analysis of the national space strategies and indicates the main priorities and trends in Member States. The priorities are categorised with regards to technology domains, the role of space in the areas of sustainability and the motivators that boost engagement in space. These vary from one Member State to another and include with different levels of engagement in technology domains amongst others: science and exploration, navigation, Earth observation, human space flight, launchers, telecommunications, and integrated applications. Member States allocate a different role of space as enabling tool adding to the advancement of sustainability areas including: security, resources, environment and climate change, transport and communication, energy, and knowledge and education. The motivators motivating reasoning which enhances or hinders space engagement also differs. The motivators identified are industrial competitiveness, job creation, technology development and transfer, social benefits

  10. Realising the Learning Age. A Response to the Government Green Paper from the National Institute of Adult Continuing Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Inst. of Adult Continuing Education, Leicester (England).

    Great Britain's National Institute of Adult Continuing Education (NIACE) generally accepts the vision and analysis in the British government green paper "The Learning Age." The NIACE accepts the paper's analysis of the challenges facing Great Britain if it is to become a learning society, and it welcomes the government's commitment to…

  11. A new governance space for health

    PubMed Central

    Kickbusch, Ilona; Szabo, Martina Marianna Cassar

    2014-01-01

    Global health refers to ‘those health issues which transcend national boundaries and governments and call for actions on the global forces and global flows that determine the health of people’. (Kickbusch 2006) Governance in this trans-national and cross-cutting arena can be analyzed along three political spaces: global health governance, global governance for health, and governance for global health. It is argued that the management of the interface between these three political spaces of governance in the global public health domain is becoming increasingly important in order to move the global health agenda forward. Global health governance refers mainly to those institutions and processes of governance which are related to an explicit health mandate, such as the World Health Organization; global governance for health refers mainly to those institutions and processes of global governance which have a direct and indirect health impact, such as the United Nations, World Trade Organization or the Human Rights Council; governance for global health refers to the institutions and mechanisms established at the national and regional level to contribute to global health governance and/or to governance for global health – such as national global health strategies or regional strategies for global health. It can also refer to club strategies, such as agreements by a group of countries such as the BRICS. In all three political spaces, the involvement of a multitude of state and non-state actors has become the norm – that is why issues of legitimacy, accountability and transparency have moved to the fore. The transnational nature of global health will require the engagement of all actors to produce global public goods for health (GPGH) and to ensure a rules-based and reliably financed global public health domain. PMID:24560259

  12. A new governance space for health.

    PubMed

    Kickbusch, Ilona; Szabo, Martina Marianna Cassar

    2014-01-01

    Global health refers to 'those health issues which transcend national boundaries and governments and call for actions on the global forces and global flows that determine the health of people'. (Kickbusch 2006) Governance in this trans-national and cross-cutting arena can be analyzed along three political spaces: global health governance, global governance for health, and governance for global health. It is argued that the management of the interface between these three political spaces of governance in the global public health domain is becoming increasingly important in order to move the global health agenda forward. Global health governance refers mainly to those institutions and processes of governance which are related to an explicit health mandate, such as the World Health Organization; global governance for health refers mainly to those institutions and processes of global governance which have a direct and indirect health impact, such as the United Nations, World Trade Organization or the Human Rights Council; governance for global health refers to the institutions and mechanisms established at the national and regional level to contribute to global health governance and/or to governance for global health--such as national global health strategies or regional strategies for global health. It can also refer to club strategies, such as agreements by a group of countries such as the BRICS. In all three political spaces, the involvement of a multitude of state and non-state actors has become the norm--that is why issues of legitimacy, accountability and transparency have moved to the fore. The transnational nature of global health will require the engagement of all actors to produce global public goods for health (GPGH) and to ensure a rules-based and reliably financed global public health domain.

  13. History of the national licensing examination for the health professions under the Japanese Government-General of Korea (1910-1945)

    PubMed Central

    Park, In-Soon

    2015-01-01

    During the reign of Japanese Government-General of Korea (Joseon) from 1910 to 1945, the main health professionals who were educated about modern medicine were categorized into physicians, dentists, pharmacists, midwives, and nurses. They were clearly distinguished from traditional health professionals. The regulations on new health professionals were enacted, and the licensing system was enforced in earnest. There were two kinds of licensing systems: the license without examination through an educational institution and the license with the national examination. The Japanese Government-General of Korea (Joseon) combined education with a national examination system to produce a large number of health professionals rapidly; however, it was insufficient to fulfill the increasing demand for health services. Therefore, the government eased the examination several times and focused on quantitative expansion of the health professions. The proportion of professionals licensed through national examination had increased. This system had produced the maximum number of available professionals at low cost. Furthermore, this system was significant in three respects: first, the establishment of the framework of the national licensing examination still used today for health professionals; second, the protection of people from the poor practices of unqualified practitioners; and third, the standardization of the quality of health. PMID:26013111

  14. Opportunities and challenges in developing a whole-of-government national food and nutrition policy: lessons from Australia's National Food Plan.

    PubMed

    Carey, Rachel; Caraher, Martin; Lawrence, Mark; Friel, Sharon

    2016-01-01

    The present article tracks the development of the Australian National Food Plan as a 'whole of government' food policy that aimed to integrate elements of nutrition and sustainability alongside economic objectives. The article uses policy analysis to explore the processes of consultation and stakeholder involvement in the development of the National Food Plan, focusing on actors from the sectors of industry, civil society and government. Existing documentation and submissions to the Plan were used as data sources. Models of health policy analysis and policy streams were employed to analyse policy development processes. Australia. Australian food policy stakeholders. The development of the Plan was influenced by powerful industry groups and stakeholder engagement by the lead ministry favoured the involvement of actors representing the food and agriculture industries. Public health nutrition and civil society relied on traditional methods of policy influence, and the public health nutrition movement failed to develop a unified cross-sector alliance, while the private sector engaged in different ways and presented a united front. The National Food Plan failed to deliver an integrated food policy for Australia. Nutrition and sustainability were effectively sidelined due to the focus on global food production and positioning Australia as a food 'superpower' that could take advantage of the anticipated 'dining boom' as incomes rose in the Asia-Pacific region. New forms of industry influence are emerging in the food policy arena and public health nutrition will need to adopt new approaches to influencing public policy.

  15. The Impacts of New Governance on Teaching at German Universities. Findings from a National Survey

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wilkesmann, Uwe; Schmid, Christian J.

    2012-01-01

    In this article we will present findings from a national survey questioning the actual impact of the new governance structures at German universities on academic teaching. To begin with, we give a theoretical underpinning to the economization of higher education institutions (HEIs) according to Principal-Agent Theory. This allows for the…

  16. Quarterly Reporting of Government-Funded Activity to the 2015 National VET Provider Collection. Technical Paper

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Foley, Paul

    2016-01-01

    The topic of more frequent and timely vocational education and training (VET) data has been an issue of interest for a number of years. Since 2015, the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) has collected and reported data on government-funded students and courses on a quarterly basis. These quarterly data submissions are…

  17. 36 CFR 293.16 - Special provisions governing the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Superior National Forest...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Special provisions governing the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Superior National Forest, Minnesota. 293.16 Section 293.16... Forest, Minnesota. (a) Motorboat use. (1) For purposes of this section, motorboats permitted to operate...

  18. 36 CFR 293.16 - Special provisions governing the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Superior National Forest...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Special provisions governing the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Superior National Forest, Minnesota. 293.16 Section 293.16... Forest, Minnesota. (a) Motorboat use. (1) For purposes of this section, motorboats permitted to operate...

  19. 36 CFR 293.16 - Special provisions governing the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Superior National Forest...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Special provisions governing the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Superior National Forest, Minnesota. 293.16 Section 293.16... Forest, Minnesota. (a) Motorboat use. (1) For purposes of this section, motorboats permitted to operate...

  20. Government Positions for Physicists.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Seiler, David

    2006-03-01

    There are a number of government agencies that employ physicists in a wide variety of jobs -- from student internships to post docs to full time staff positions. You can do real, creative, fore-front physics or pursue a wide range of leadership positions. The possibilities are almost unlimited and so is the impact your work can have on the government, academia, and industry. So how do you go about finding a government job? What qualities or abilities are deemed valuable? What are the advantages and disadvantages to working in the government? I will bring some personal experiences and observations from working in the government (one year as a rotator at the National Science Foundation in the Division of Materials Research and almost 18 years at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, both as a Group Leader and a Division Chief) to bear on these questions and more. Prior to my government career I was a physics professor pursuing research and teaching in academia.

  1. Symposium: Governing Boards--Raising Consciousness

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Academic Questions, 2007

    2007-01-01

    "What Works in Higher Education Reform: A Report from the Front," the twelfth annual national conference of the National Association of Scholars, took place November 17-19, 2006, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. One panel, "Governing Boards: Raising Consciousness," examined the role governing boards do and can play in raising awareness on campus and…

  2. Change of government: one more big bang health care reform in England's National Health Service.

    PubMed

    Hunter, David J

    2011-01-01

    Once again the National Health Service (NHS) in England is undergoing major reform, following the election of a new coalition government keen to reduce the role of the state and cut back on big government. The NHS has been undergoing continuous reform since the 1980s. Yet, despite the significant transaction costs incurred, there is no evidence that the claimed benefits have been achieved. Many of the same problems endure. The reforms follow the direction of change laid down by the last Conservative government in the early 1990s, which the recent Labour government did not overturn despite a commitment to do so. Indeed, under Labour, the NHS was subjected to further market-style changes that have paved the way for the latest round of reform. The article considers the appeal of big bang reform, questions its purpose and value, and critically appraises the nature and extent of the proposed changes in this latest round of reform. It warns that the NHS in its current form may not survive the changes, as they open the way to privatization and a weakening of its public service ethos.

  3. A Mapmark method of standard setting as implemented for the National Assessment Governing Board.

    PubMed

    Schulz, E Matthew; Mitzel, Howard C

    2011-01-01

    This article describes a Mapmark standard setting procedure, developed under contract with the National Assessment Governing Board (NAGB). The procedure enhances the bookmark method with spatially representative item maps, holistic feedback, and an emphasis on independent judgment. A rationale for these enhancements, and the bookmark method, is presented, followed by a detailed description of the materials and procedures used in a meeting to set standards for the 2005 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) in Grade 12 mathematics. The use of difficulty-ordered content domains to provide holistic feedback is a particularly novel feature of the method. Process evaluation results comparing Mapmark to Anghoff-based methods previously used for NAEP standard setting are also presented.

  4. The constraints of good governance practice in national solid waste management policy (NSWMP) implementation: A case study of Malaysia

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wee, Seow Ta; Abas, Muhamad Azahar; Chen, Goh Kai; Mohamed, Sulzakimin

    2017-10-01

    Nowadays, international donors have emphasised on the adoption of good governance practices in solid waste management which include policy implementation. In Malaysia, the National Solid Waste Management Policy (NSWMP) was introduced as the main guideline for its solid waste management and the Malaysian government has adopted good governance practice in the NSMWP implementation. However, the good governance practices implemented by the Malaysian government encountered several challenges. This study was conducted to explore the good governance constraints experienced by stakeholders in the NSWMP implementation. An exploratory research approach is applied in this study through in-depth interviews with several government agencies and concessionaires that involved in the NSWMP implementation in Malaysia. A total of six respondents took part in this study. The findings revealed three main good governance constraints in the NSWMP implementation, namely inadequate fund, poor staff's competency, and ambiguity of policy implementation system. Moreover, this study also disclosed that the main constraint influenced the other constraints. Hence, it is crucial to identify the main constraint in order to minimise its impact on the other constraints.

  5. Analysis of Government Policies to Support Sustainable Domestic Defense Industries

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-06-01

    arms- industry. Syrian civil war . n.d. Retrieved June 10, 2015, from http://www.britannica.com/event/Syrian-Civil- War United Nations Commission on...perhaps the most significant variable is the government. Because governments are both buyers and suppliers of national security, government policies...are both buyers and suppliers of national security, government policies are often designed by governments to support and regulate their domestic

  6. Governing new technology: A comparative analysis of government support for nanotechnology in the Netherlands and the United States

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Eijmberts, Johannes

    This study examines this variance in national government support for nanotechnology---its shape, size, and policy priorities---by comparing the United States and the Netherlands. Our operating hypothesis is that national government support for nanotechnology development is driven not by the intrinsic nature of the technology but by longstanding structural and institutional arrangements. That is, in the U.S., pluralist political traditions and reliance on classical liberal market economics would suggest a detached national government approach, leaving any initiative to market actors. At the same time, legacies of corporatism in the Dutch political system and a tradition of greater direct government involvement in the national economy would suggest a government-led policy on nanotechnology development. The findings show otherwise. Early on, the U.S. government established the National Nanotechnology Initiative, an overarching federal mechanism to promote and coordinate nanotechnology development. Yet, despite its appearance of central direction and coordination, the NNI reflected pluralist arrangements by leaving ample autonomy for participating federal departments and agencies. The creation of the NNI was driven particularly by concerns of about foreign challenges to American global leadership in science and technology. In the Netherlands, by contrast, the path taken shows the legacy of Dutch corporatist practice---slow, incremental, and embedded in pre-existing institutional arrangements. The Dutch government initially took no directive role, relying instead on established links among universities, public research funding organizations, and industries to advance nanotechnology development in the Netherlands. However, over time, Dutch government involvement in nanotechnology grew to be more supportive, sizeable, comprehensive, and directive---particulary by requiring substantial investments in risk-related research as a condition for public funding and, notably, by

  7. Understanding Rasch Measurement: A Mapmark Method of Standard Setting as Implemented for the National Assessment Governing Board

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schulz, E. Matthew; Mitzel, Howard C.

    2011-01-01

    This article describes a Mapmark standard setting procedure, developed under contract with the National Assessment Governing Board (NAGB). The procedure enhances the bookmark method with spatially representative item maps, holistic feedback, and an emphasis on independent judgment. A rationale for these enhancements, and the bookmark method, is…

  8. The Governance of the National Assessment of Educational Progress: A Brief Review and Some Options. Report No. A-158-5.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Boruch, Robert F.

    This report concerns the governance of the structure of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), especially the law and the role of the Assessment Policy Committee (APC). The major sources of evidence include interviews with APC members and National Institute of Education (NIE) staff, minutes of APC meetings and historical documents…

  9. 77 FR 27557 - Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to the Actions of the Government of Syria

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-10

    ... deal with the unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of... throughout the region. The Syrian regime's actions and policies, including obstructing the Lebanese government's ability to function effectively, pursuing chemical and biological weapons, and supporting...

  10. [Implementing strategies to improve the institutional governance of the Spanish National Health System].

    PubMed

    Repullo, José Ramón; Freire, José Manuel

    2016-11-01

    The 2008 economic crisis made the issue of good governance more present and visible, but the debate risks stalling in an academic and political discourse that barely exceeds the declarative. We acknowledge the existence of noteworthy documents from scientific medical societies and some institutional proposals that point towards promising changes. Viewing good governance as accountability, participation, transparency, intelligence and integrity, our objective is to identify the determinants of inaction and remove the barriers that prevent the adoption of rational and widely agreed-upon proposals. This led us: 1) to allocate the proposals to their appropriate governance level (macro, meso, micro and system environment) so as to more directly engage the agents of change; and 2) to highlight some decision nodes that can act as levers to catalyse selective transformations and to initiate the change processes. Taking into account the diversity of actors and scenarios, a top-down rational, integrated and reformist strategy for the whole Spanish National Health System does not seem likely or viable. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to promote changes, setting a targeted and reasoned agenda to visualise key issues and to enable multilevel and multidimensional thinking and advocacy of health-sector and society stakeholders. Copyright © 2016 SESPAS. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

  11. Govt. Pubs: U.S. Government Produced Audiovisual Materials.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Korman, Richard

    1981-01-01

    Describes the availability of United States government-produced audiovisual materials and discusses two audiovisual clearinghouses--the National Audiovisual Center (NAC) and the National Library of Medicine (NLM). Finding aids made available by NAC, NLM, and other government agencies are mentioned. NAC and the U.S. Government Printing Office…

  12. Cancer prevention through stealth: science, policy advocacy, and multilevel governance in the establishment of a "National Tobacco Control Regime" in the United States.

    PubMed

    Studlar, Donley T

    2014-06-01

    The role of the US federal government in developing tobacco control through a cooperative, interactive program with state and local private and public organizations has been underestimated. This article investigates how the government initiated and sustained a program of "capacity building" through the scientific authority of the National Cancer Institute, beginning in the 1980s. There are several major questions to be answered: (1) How did this program manage to be adopted and sustained despite the well-documented hindrances to effective tobacco control policy at the federal level? (2) How did a tobacco control policy program become incorporated into the scientific research agenda of the National Cancer Institute? (3) How have science, social factors, and government at various levels interacted in this capacity-building program? The study emphasizes how the US federal government, blocked by a tobacco-friendly Congress from enacting effective tobacco control legislation, utilized its scientific research role and, with the cooperation of other levels of government and large, private antitobacco organizations, established an ongoing policy effort. Copyright © 2014 by Duke University Press.

  13. Governance and Trust in Higher Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vidovich, Lesley; Currie, Jan

    2011-01-01

    The adoption of more corporate models of governance is a contemporary trend in higher education. In the early 2000s, the Australian Government legislated national governance protocols for universities, using the policy lever of financial sanctions. These more corporate-style governance protocols followed similar changes in the UK, consistent with…

  14. Final report of the National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission: will we get the health care governance reform we need?

    PubMed

    Stoelwinder, Johannes U

    2009-10-05

    The National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission (NHHRC) has recommended that Australia develop a "single health system", governed by the federal government. Steps to achieving this include: a "Healthy Australia Accord" to agree on the reform framework; the progressive takeover of funding of public hospitals by the federal government; and the possible implementation of a consumer-choice health funding model, called "Medicare Select". These proposals face significant implementation issues, and the final solution needs to deal with both financial and political sustainability. If the federal and state governments cannot agree on a reform plan, the Prime Minister may need to go to the electorate for a mandate, which may be shaped by other economic issues such as tax reform and intergenerational challenges.

  15. 78 FR 27299 - Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to the Actions of the Government of Syria

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-09

    ... regime's brutal war on the Syrian people, who have been calling for freedom and a representative government, endangers not only the Syrian people themselves, but could yield greater instability throughout... continue in effect beyond May 11, 2013. Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d) of the National...

  16. Renewing governance.

    PubMed

    Loos, Gregory P

    2003-01-01

    Globalization's profound influence on social and political institutions need not be negative. Critics of globalization have often referred to the "Impossible Trinity" because decision-making must 1. respect national sovereignty, 2. develop and implement firm regulation, and 3. allow capital markets to be as free as possible. To many, such goals are mutually exclusive because history conditions us to view policy-making and governance in traditional molds. Thus, transnational governance merely appears impossible because current forms of governance were not designed to provide it. The world needs new tools for governing, and its citizens must seize the opportunity to help develop them. The rise of a global society requires a greater level of generality and inclusion than is found in most policy bodies today. Politicians need to re-examine key assumptions about government. States must develop ways to discharge their regulatory responsibilities across borders and collaborate with neighboring jurisdictions, multilateral bodies, and business. Concepts such as multilateralism and tripartism show great promise. Governments must engage civil society in the spirit of shared responsibility and democratic decision-making. Such changes will result in a renewal of the state's purpose and better use of international resources and expertise in governance.

  17. Comparison as Curriculum Governance: Dynamics of the European-Wide Governance Technology of Comparison within England's National Curriculum Reforms

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Papanastasiou, Natalie

    2012-01-01

    The curriculum is a governance technology of knowledge production and is also itself governed by complex dynamics within European education policy space. This article focuses on how the curriculum is governed by comparative knowledge; in particular, it identifies how this facet of governance has manifested itself within the policy space of…

  18. International Religion Indexes: Government Regulation, Government Favoritism, and Social Regulation of Religion.

    PubMed

    Grim, Brian J; Finke, Roger

    2006-01-01

    The study of religion is severely handicapped by a lack of adequate cross-national data. Despite the prominence of religion in international events and recent theoretical models pointing to the consequences of regulating religion, cross-national research on religion has been lacking. We strive to fill this void by developing measurement models and indexes for government regulation, government favoritism, and social regulation of religion. The indexes rely on data from an extensive coding of the 2003 International Religious Freedom Report for 196 countries and territories. Using a series of tests to evaluate the new data and indexes, we find that the measures developed are highly reliable and valid. The three indexes will allow researchers and others to measure the government's subsidy and regulation of religion as well as the restrictions placed on religion by social and cultural forces beyond the state.

  19. Do reimbursement recommendation processes used by government drug plans in Canada adhere to good governance principles?

    PubMed

    Rawson, Nigel Sb; Adams, John

    2017-01-01

    In democratic societies, good governance is the key to assuring the confidence of stakeholders and other citizens in how governments and organizations interact with and relate to them and how decisions are taken. Although defining good governance can be debatable, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) set of principles is commonly used. The reimbursement recommendation processes of the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH), which carries out assessments for all public drug plans outside Quebec, are examined in the light of the UNDP governance principles and compared with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence system in England. The adherence of CADTH's processes to the principles of accountability, transparency, participatory, equity, responsiveness and consensus is poor, especially when compared with the English system, due in part to CADTH's lack of genuine independence. CADTH's overriding responsibility is toward the governments that "own," fund and manage it, while the agency's status as a not-for-profit corporation under federal law protects it from standard government forms of accountability. The recent integration of CADTH's reimbursement recommendation processes with the provincial public drug plans' collective system for price negotiation with pharmaceutical companies reinforces CADTH's role as a nonindependent partner in the pursuit of governments' cost-containment objectives, which should not be part of its function. Canadians need a national organization for evaluating drugs for reimbursement in the public interest that fully embraces the principles of good governance - one that is publicly accountable, transparent and fair and includes all stakeholders throughout its processes.

  20. 12 CFR 7.2000 - Corporate governance procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... amended 1994, and as amended thereafter), or the Model Business Corporation Act (1984, as amended 1994... OPERATIONS Corporate Practices § 7.2000 Corporate governance procedures. (a) General. A national bank... soundness, a national bank may elect to follow the corporate governance procedures of the law of the state...

  1. 12 CFR 7.2000 - Corporate governance procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... amended 1994, and as amended thereafter), or the Model Business Corporation Act (1984, as amended 1994... OPERATIONS Corporate Practices § 7.2000 Corporate governance procedures. (a) General. A national bank... soundness, a national bank may elect to follow the corporate governance procedures of the law of the state...

  2. Government: Its Energy Policy and Activities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Winek, Gary J.

    1980-01-01

    Discusses the federal government's progress toward the formation of a national energy policy and briefly describes the energy activities of government agencies, especially the Department of Energy. (SK)

  3. U. S. Government Advertising in Consumer Magazines, 1960-1973.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bowers, Thomas A.; Mullen, James J.

    This paper reports on a study designed to analyze the impact that advertising by the federal government might have on the nation.s media, specifically the nation's magazines. The U.S. government was the tenth leading national advertiser in the United States in 1973 and spent an estimated $99 million, $80 million of which represented military…

  4. Statement of the National Tribal Chairmen's Association to the Committee on Government Operations, U.S. House of Representatives on H.R. 13343.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Tribal Chairmen's Association, Inc.

    In this statement on H.R. 13343 presented to the Committee on Government Operations, the National Tribal Chairmen's Association, along with the National Congress of American Indians and the Alaska Federation of Natives, has voiced an "emphatic and uncompromising no" to the transfer of Indian education out of the Bureau of Indian Affairs…

  5. 32 CFR 310.12 - Government contractors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Government contractors. 310.12 Section 310.12... PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Systems of Records § 310.12 Government contractors. (a) Applicability to government contractors. (1) When a DoD Component contract requires the operation or maintenance of a system...

  6. 32 CFR 310.12 - Government contractors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Government contractors. 310.12 Section 310.12... PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Systems of Records § 310.12 Government contractors. (a) Applicability to government contractors. (1) When a DoD Component contract requires the operation or maintenance of a system...

  7. 32 CFR 310.12 - Government contractors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Government contractors. 310.12 Section 310.12... PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Systems of Records § 310.12 Government contractors. (a) Applicability to government contractors. (1) When a DoD Component contract requires the operation or maintenance of a system...

  8. 32 CFR 310.12 - Government contractors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Government contractors. 310.12 Section 310.12... PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Systems of Records § 310.12 Government contractors. (a) Applicability to government contractors. (1) When a DoD Component contract requires the operation or maintenance of a system...

  9. 32 CFR 310.12 - Government contractors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Government contractors. 310.12 Section 310.12... PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Systems of Records § 310.12 Government contractors. (a) Applicability to government contractors. (1) When a DoD Component contract requires the operation or maintenance of a system...

  10. 48 CFR 1845.302 - Use of Government property on contracts with foreign governments or international organizations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... on contracts with foreign governments or international organizations. 1845.302 Section 1845.302 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT... on contracts with foreign governments or international organizations. (a) NASA contracting officers...

  11. Government bodies and their influence on the 2009 H1N1 health sector pandemic response in remote and isolated First Nation communities of sub-Arctic Ontario, Canada.

    PubMed

    Charania, N A; Tsuji, L J S

    2011-01-01

    First Nation communities were highly impacted by the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Multiple government bodies (ie federal, provincial, and First Nations) in Canada share responsibility for the health sector pandemic response in remote and isolated First Nation communities and this may have resulted in a fragmented pandemic response. This study aimed to discover if and how the dichotomy (or trichotomy) of involved government bodies led to barriers faced and opportunities for improvement during the health sector response to the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in three remote and isolated sub-arctic First Nation communities of northern Ontario, Canada. A qualitative community-based participatory approach was employed. Semi-directed interviews were conducted with adult key informants (n=13) using purposive sampling of participants representing the two (or three) government bodies of each study community. Data were manually transcribed and coded using deductive and inductive thematic analysis to reveal positive aspects, barriers faced, and opportunities for improvement along with the similarities and differences regarding the pandemic responses of each government body. Primary barriers faced by participants included receiving contradicting governmental guidelines and direction from many sources. In addition, there was a lack of human resources, information sharing, and specific details included in community-level pandemic plans. Recommended areas of improvement include developing a complementary communication plan, increasing human resources, and updating community-level pandemic plans. Participants reported many issues that may be attributable to the dichotomy (or trichotomy) of government bodies responsible for healthcare delivery during a pandemic. Increasing formal communication and collaboration between responsible government bodies will assist in clarifying roles and responsibilities and improve the pandemic response in Canada's remote and isolated First Nation communities.

  12. Implementation of collaborative governance in cross-sector innovation and education networks: evidence from the National Health Service in England.

    PubMed

    Ovseiko, Pavel V; O'Sullivan, Catherine; Powell, Susan C; Davies, Stephen M; Buchan, Alastair M

    2014-11-08

    Increasingly, health policy-makers and managers all over the world look for alternative forms of organisation and governance in order to add more value and quality to their health systems. In recent years, the central government in England mandated several cross-sector health initiatives based on collaborative governance arrangements. However, there is little empirical evidence that examines local implementation responses to such centrally-mandated collaborations. Data from the national study of Health Innovation and Education Clusters (HIECs) are used to provide comprehensive empirical evidence about the implementation of collaborative governance arrangements in cross-sector health networks in England. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data from a national survey of the entire population of HIEC directors (N = 17; response rate = 100%), a group discussion with 7 HIEC directors, and 15 in-depth interviews with HIEC directors and chairs. The study provides a description and analysis of local implementation responses to the central government mandate to establish HIECs. The latter represent cross-sector health networks characterised by a vague mandate with the provision of a small amount of new resources. Our findings indicate that in the case of HIECs such a mandate resulted in the creation of rather fluid and informal partnerships, which over the period of three years made partial-to-full progress on governance activities and, in most cases, did not become self-sustaining without government funding. This study has produced valuable insights into the implementation responses in HIECs and possibly other cross-sector collaborations characterised by a vague mandate with the provision of a small amount of new resources. There is little evidence that local dominant coalitions appropriated the central HIEC mandate to their own ends. On the other hand, there is evidence of interpretation and implementation of the

  13. Approaching Moisture Recycling Governance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Keys, Patrick; Wang-Erlandsson, Lan; Gordon, Line; Galaz, Victor; Ebbesson, Jonas

    2017-04-01

    The spatial and temporal dynamics of water resources are a continuous challenge for effective and sustainable national and international governance. Despite the surface watershed being the typical unit of water management, recent advances in hydrology have revealed 'atmospheric watersheds' - otherwise known as precipitationsheds. Also, recent research has demonstrated that water flowing within a precipitationshed may be modified by land-use change in one location, while the effect of this modification could be felt in a different province, nation, or continent. Notwithstanding these insights, the major legal and institutional implications of modifying moisture recycling have remained unexplored. In this presentation, we examine potential approaches to moisture recycling governance. We first identify a set of international study regions, and then develop a typology of moisture recycling relationships within these regions ranging from bilateral moisture exchange to more complex networks. This enables us to classify different types of legal and institutional governance principles. Likewise, we relate the moisture recycling types to existing land and water governance frameworks and management practices. The complexity of moisture recycling means institutional fit will be difficult to generalize for all moisture recycling relationships, but our typology allows the identification of characteristics that make effective governance of these normally ignored water flows more tenable.

  14. 8 CFR 1003.109 - Discipline of government attorneys.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Discipline of government attorneys. 1003.109 Section 1003.109 Aliens and Nationality EXECUTIVE OFFICE FOR IMMIGRATION REVIEW, DEPARTMENT OF...-Rules and Procedures § 1003.109 Discipline of government attorneys. Complaints regarding the conduct or...

  15. 8 CFR 1003.109 - Discipline of government attorneys.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Discipline of government attorneys. 1003.109 Section 1003.109 Aliens and Nationality EXECUTIVE OFFICE FOR IMMIGRATION REVIEW, DEPARTMENT OF...-Rules and Procedures § 1003.109 Discipline of government attorneys. Complaints regarding the conduct or...

  16. 32 CFR 724.211 - Regularity of government affairs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Regularity of government affairs. 724.211 Section 724.211 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Authority/Policy for Departmental Discharge Review § 724.211 Regularity of government...

  17. 32 CFR 516.21 - Litigation against government contractors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Litigation against government contractors. 516... Litigation against government contractors. (a) General. A contract might require that the government... the underlying contract with the government requires reimbursement for adverse judgments or costs of...

  18. Obesity and government.

    PubMed

    Kahan, Scott; Zvenyach, Tracy

    2016-10-01

    Despite much effort, obesity prevalence and disease severity continues to worsen. The purpose of this review is to describe the leading government supported food and nutrition interventions and policies to prevent and address obesity in the USA. The review also summarizes obesity interventions and policies that the government plays a role in, but further development is warranted. The government's role in obesity has largely focused on interventions and policies such as national surveillance, obesity education and awareness, grant-based food subsidy programs, zoning for food access, school-based nutrition programs, dietary guidelines, nutrition labeling, and food marketing and pricing policies. The government has played a lesser role in obesity interventions and policies that provide access to evidence-based obesity care to people affected by the disease. Given the magnitude of the obesity epidemic, the government should explore multiple evidence-based interventions and policies across prevention and clinical care.

  19. 75 FR 24777 - Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect To the Actions of the Government of Syria

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-05

    ... Part II The President Notice of May 3, 2010--Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to the Actions of the Government of Syria #0; #0; #0; Presidential Documents #0; #0; #0;#0;Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 86 / Wednesday, May 5, 2010 / Presidential Documents#0;#0; #0; #0;Title 3-- #0;The President [[Page 24779

  20. 32 CFR 2001.54 - Foreign government information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Foreign government information. 2001.54 Section... Safeguarding § 2001.54 Foreign government information. The requirements described below are additional baseline safeguarding standards that may be necessary for foreign government information, other than NATO information...

  1. Are national policies on global health in fact national policies on global health governance? A comparison of policy designs from Norway and Switzerland.

    PubMed

    Jones, Catherine M; Clavier, Carole; Potvin, Louise

    2017-01-01

    Since the signing of the Oslo Ministerial Declaration in 2007, the idea that foreign policy formulation should include health considerations has gained traction on the United Nations agenda as evidenced by annual General Assembly resolutions on global health and foreign policy. The adoption of national policies on global health (NPGH) is one way that some member states integrate health and foreign policymaking. This paper explores what these policies intend to do and how countries plan to do it. Using a most similar systems design, we carried out a comparative study of two policy documents formally adopted in 2012. We conducted a directed qualitative content analysis of the Norwegian White Paper on Global health in foreign and development policy and the Swiss Health Foreign Policy using Schneider and Ingram's policy design framework. After replicating analysis methods for each document, we analysed them side by side to explore the commonalities and differences across elements of NPGH design. Analyses indicate that NPGH expect to influence change outside their borders. Targeting the international level, they aim to affect policy venues, multilateral partnerships and international institutions. Instruments for supporting desired changes are primarily those of health diplomacy, proposed as a tool for negotiating interests and objectives for global health between multiple sectors, used internally in Switzerland and externally in Norway. Findings suggest that NPGH designs contribute to constructing the global health governance system by identifying it as a policy target, and policy instruments may elude the health sector actors unless implementation rules explicitly include them. Research should explore how future NPGH designs may construct different kinds of targets as politicised groups of actors on which national governments seek to exercise influence for global health decision-making.

  2. Are national policies on global health in fact national policies on global health governance? A comparison of policy designs from Norway and Switzerland

    PubMed Central

    Clavier, Carole; Potvin, Louise

    2017-01-01

    Background Since the signing of the Oslo Ministerial Declaration in 2007, the idea that foreign policy formulation should include health considerations has gained traction on the United Nations agenda as evidenced by annual General Assembly resolutions on global health and foreign policy. The adoption of national policies on global health (NPGH) is one way that some member states integrate health and foreign policymaking. This paper explores what these policies intend to do and how countries plan to do it. Methods Using a most similar systems design, we carried out a comparative study of two policy documents formally adopted in 2012. We conducted a directed qualitative content analysis of the Norwegian White Paper on Global health in foreign and development policy and the Swiss Health Foreign Policy using Schneider and Ingram's policy design framework. After replicating analysis methods for each document, we analysed them side by side to explore the commonalities and differences across elements of NPGH design. Results Analyses indicate that NPGH expect to influence change outside their borders. Targeting the international level, they aim to affect policy venues, multilateral partnerships and international institutions. Instruments for supporting desired changes are primarily those of health diplomacy, proposed as a tool for negotiating interests and objectives for global health between multiple sectors, used internally in Switzerland and externally in Norway. Conclusion Findings suggest that NPGH designs contribute to constructing the global health governance system by identifying it as a policy target, and policy instruments may elude the health sector actors unless implementation rules explicitly include them. Research should explore how future NPGH designs may construct different kinds of targets as politicised groups of actors on which national governments seek to exercise influence for global health decision-making. PMID:28589007

  3. 22 CFR 41.22 - Officials of foreign governments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Officials of foreign governments. 41.22 Section... IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT, AS AMENDED Foreign Government Officials § 41.22 Officials of foreign governments. (a) Criteria for classification of foreign government officials. (1) An alien is classifiable A-1...

  4. 22 CFR 41.22 - Officials of foreign governments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Officials of foreign governments. 41.22 Section... IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT, AS AMENDED Foreign Government Officials § 41.22 Officials of foreign governments. (a) Criteria for classification of foreign government officials. (1) An alien is classifiable A-1...

  5. 22 CFR 41.22 - Officials of foreign governments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Officials of foreign governments. 41.22 Section... IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT, AS AMENDED Foreign Government Officials § 41.22 Officials of foreign governments. (a) Criteria for classification of foreign government officials. (1) An alien is classifiable A-1...

  6. 22 CFR 41.22 - Officials of foreign governments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Officials of foreign governments. 41.22 Section... IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT, AS AMENDED Foreign Government Officials § 41.22 Officials of foreign governments. (a) Criteria for classification of foreign government officials. (1) An alien is classifiable A-1...

  7. 32 CFR 516.21 - Litigation against government contractors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 3 2012-07-01 2009-07-01 true Litigation against government contractors. 516.21... government contractors. (a) General. A contract might require that the government reimburse a contractor (or... with the government requires reimbursement for adverse judgments or costs of the litigation, the SJA or...

  8. Governance matters: an ecological association between governance and child mortality

    PubMed Central

    Lin, Ro-Ting; Chien, Lung-Chang; Chen, Ya-Mei; Chan, Chang-Chuan

    2014-01-01

    Background Governance of a country may have widespread effects on the health of its population, yet little is known about the effect of governance on child mortality in a country that is undergoing urbanization, economic development, and disease control. Methods We obtained indicators of six dimensions of governance (perceptions of voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption) and national under-5 mortality rates for 149 countries between 1996 and 2010. We applied a semi-parametric generalized additive mixed model to examine associations after controlling for the effects of development factors (urbanization level and economy), disease control factors (hygienic conditions and vaccination rates), health expenditures, air quality, and time. Results Governance, development, and disease control showed clear inverse relations with the under-5 mortality rate (p<0.001). Per unit increases in governance, development, and disease control factors, the child mortality rate had a 0.901-, 0.823-, and 0.922-fold decrease, respectively, at fixed levels of the other two factors. Conclusions In the effort to reduce the global under-5 mortality rate, addressing a country's need for better governance is as important as improvements in development and disease control. PMID:24711600

  9. The Continuing Growth of Global Cooperation Networks in Research: A Conundrum for National Governments

    PubMed Central

    Wagner, Caroline S.; Park, Han Woo; Leydesdorff, Loet

    2015-01-01

    Global collaboration continues to grow as a share of all scientific cooperation, measured as coauthorships of peer-reviewed, published papers. The percent of all scientific papers that are internationally coauthored has more than doubled in 20 years, and they account for all the growth in output among the scientifically advanced countries. Emerging countries, particularly China, have increased their participation in global science, in part by doubling their spending on R&D; they are increasingly likely to appear as partners on internationally coauthored scientific papers. Given the growth of connections at the international level, it is helpful to examine the phenomenon as a communications network and to consider the network as a new organization on the world stage that adds to and complements national systems. When examined as interconnections across the globe over two decades, a global network has grown denser but not more clustered, meaning there are many more connections but they are not grouping into exclusive ‘cliques’. This suggests that power relationships are not reproducing those of the political system. The network has features an open system, attracting productive scientists to participate in international projects. National governments could gain efficiencies and influence by developing policies and strategies designed to maximize network benefits—a model different from those designed for national systems. PMID:26196296

  10. Governing people's lives. Strategies for improving the health of the nations in England, Denmark, Norway and Sweden.

    PubMed

    Vallgårda, S

    2001-12-01

    Public health strategies reflect governments' wish to make people's lives longer and healthier. This can either be achieved by influencing the frames of people's lives and activities or the way they behave, i.e. to try to 'conduct their conduct'. In this paper the motivations for and methods of four national public health strategies are analysed. They are the English, the Norwegian, the Danish and the Swedish. Four questions are addressed: i) how is the governing activities aimed at improving the health of the population justified; ii) which issues are defined as problems; iii) which causes of the problems are identified; and iv) which governing techniques are suggested to solve the problems. The English and Danish programmes focus on mortality while the others give high priority to non-lethal diseases and conditions. The Danish programme mainly aims at making people conduct themselves in a more healthy way, i.e. change their behaviour, often guided by health professionals. The Norwegian paper has empowerment as its central strategy. The strategy is based on the assumption that if people get more power over their own lives they will become more healthy and behave in a more healthy way. The Swedish emphasis is on changing people's living conditions and much less is said about the role of the individual. The English programme launches a national contract where individuals and authorities should work both to change people's behaviour and their living conditions. All strategies deal with the increasing social inequality in health, the English and Swedish strategies more than the others. There does not seem to be a specific Nordic model in this field of welfare state politics.

  11. Storming Washington: An Intern's Guide to National Government. Second Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Frantzich, Stephen E.

    This booklet provides information to help prepare undergraduate students for academic internships with the federal government. Most interns serve without pay; however, the opportunity to observe and participate in government provides important guidance for future decisions, and even potential employment opportunities. The student should do…

  12. 22 CFR 140.6 - Foreign government entities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Foreign government entities. 140.6 Section 140... Enforcement § 140.6 Foreign government entities. (a) Determination Procedures. (1) The Country Narcotics... allegations that a key individual who is a senior government official of the host nation has been convicted of...

  13. 22 CFR 140.6 - Foreign government entities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Foreign government entities. 140.6 Section 140... Enforcement § 140.6 Foreign government entities. (a) Determination Procedures. (1) The Country Narcotics... allegations that a key individual who is a senior government official of the host nation has been convicted of...

  14. 22 CFR 140.6 - Foreign government entities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Foreign government entities. 140.6 Section 140... Enforcement § 140.6 Foreign government entities. (a) Determination Procedures. (1) The Country Narcotics... allegations that a key individual who is a senior government official of the host nation has been convicted of...

  15. 32 CFR 644.356 - Report on Government title.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 4 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Report on Government title. 644.356 Section 644... General Services Administration (gsa) § 644.356 Report on Government title. In all cases where Government... thereof), a report prepared by a qualified employee of the holding agency on the Government's title to the...

  16. 32 CFR 644.356 - Report on Government title.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 4 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Report on Government title. 644.356 Section 644... General Services Administration (gsa) § 644.356 Report on Government title. In all cases where Government... thereof), a report prepared by a qualified employee of the holding agency on the Government's title to the...

  17. 32 CFR 644.356 - Report on Government title.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 4 2012-07-01 2011-07-01 true Report on Government title. 644.356 Section 644... General Services Administration (gsa) § 644.356 Report on Government title. In all cases where Government... thereof), a report prepared by a qualified employee of the holding agency on the Government's title to the...

  18. 76 FR 66727 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-27

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing AGENCY: National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, HHS. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The inventions listed below are owned by an agency of the U.S. Government and are available for...

  19. New York's Experiment: Participation in Government.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bragaw, Donald H.

    1989-01-01

    Reports a New York State Education Department mandated government participation course. Course requirements were to examine public policy issues and to incorporate a participatory element. Describes four programs that were implemented by school districts: Effective Participation in Government Program; The Community Service Corps; National Issues…

  20. 32 CFR 516.31 - Private counsel at government expense.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Private counsel at government expense. 516.31 Section 516.31 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY AID OF CIVIL AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC RELATIONS LITIGATION Individual Liability § 516.31 Private counsel at government...

  1. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN FRANCE AND JAPAN ON LOCAL GOVERNMENTS' INVOLVEMENT IN NUCLEAR SAFETY GOVERNANCE

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sugawara, Shin-Etsu; Shiroyama, Hideaki

    This paper shows a comparative analysis between France and Japan on the way of the local governments' involvement in nuclear safety governance through some interviews. In France, a law came into force that requires related local governments to establish "Commision Locale d'Information" (CLI), which means the local governments officially involve in nuclear regulatory activity. Meanwhile, in Japan, related local governments substantially involve in the operation of nuclear facilities through the "safety agreements" in spite of the lack of legal authority. As a result of comparative analysis, we can point out some institutional input from French cases as follows: to clarify the local governments' roles in the nuclear regulation system, to establish the official channels of communication among nuclear utilities, national regulatory authorities and local governments, and to stipulate explicitly the transparency as a purpose of safety regulation.

  2. Governance matters: an ecological association between governance and child mortality.

    PubMed

    Lin, Ro-Ting; Chien, Lung-Chang; Chen, Ya-Mei; Chan, Chang-Chuan

    2014-09-01

    Governance of a country may have widespread effects on the health of its population, yet little is known about the effect of governance on child mortality in a country that is undergoing urbanization, economic development, and disease control. We obtained indicators of six dimensions of governance (perceptions of voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption) and national under-5 mortality rates for 149 countries between 1996 and 2010. We applied a semi-parametric generalized additive mixed model to examine associations after controlling for the effects of development factors (urbanization level and economy), disease control factors (hygienic conditions and vaccination rates), health expenditures, air quality, and time. Governance, development, and disease control showed clear inverse relations with the under-5 mortality rate (p<0.001). Per unit increases in governance, development, and disease control factors, the child mortality rate had a 0.901-, 0.823-, and 0.922-fold decrease, respectively, at fixed levels of the other two factors. In the effort to reduce the global under-5 mortality rate, addressing a country's need for better governance is as important as improvements in development and disease control. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

  3. The Effects of Leadership Roles on E-Government Performance in Oman

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Al-Bulushi, Yaqoob Dur Mohammed

    2017-01-01

    The Oman government developed a vision to transform the nation into a sustainable knowledge society by supporting information and communication technologies to improve government services (ITA, n.d.). According to a United Nations (2012) report, Oman ranks 64th worldwide in e-government readiness, the lowest compared to other countries in the…

  4. Planned Parenthood works with Korean government.

    PubMed

    Yang, J M

    1968-01-01

    In early 1961 special representatives of the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) organized the Planned Parenthood Federation of Korea (PPFK). The leaders, mostly young university professors, physicians, and government officials well recognized in the fields of public health gynecology/obstetrics, pediatrics, nursing, sociology, social work, and economics, shared an interest in improving the national economy, the national welfare, countermeasures against the population crisis, and the urgent need for family planning services in Korea. The leadership of General Park Chung-hee led to adoption of a national policy in support of family planning at an early stage in November 1961. Since 1961, the government budget for family planning has doubled every year. The PPFK was asked to play a major role in planning, administration, training, information, and education of the national program until the government established the new section of Maternal and Child Health in the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs in 1963. The role of the PPFK has never diminished. The training of family planning personnel at various levels is still carried out entirely by the PPFK. The PPFK operates mobile vans to provide educational activities, IUD insertions, and male sterilization services to people in villages without doctors. The PPFK operates pilot projects to test new methods either in clinics or in the field. The PPFK exists to supplement and cooperate with the government in family planning. With its flexibility, the PPFK team of experts stands ready to provide quick and positive services without red tape.

  5. A call for government accountability to achieve national self-sufficiency in organ donation and transplantation.

    PubMed

    Delmonico, Francis L; Domínguez-Gil, Beatriz; Matesanz, Rafael; Noel, Luc

    2011-10-15

    Roughly 100,000 patients worldwide undergo organ transplantation annually, but many other patients remain on waiting lists. Transplantation rates vary substantially across countries. Affluent patients in nations with long waiting lists do not always wait for donations from within their own countries. Commercially driven transplantation, however, does not always ensure proper medical care of recipients or donors, and might lengthen waiting times for resident patients or increase the illegal and unethical purchase of organs from living donors. Governments should systematically address the needs of their countries according to a legal framework. Medical strategies to prevent end-stage organ failure must also be implemented. In view of the Madrid Resolution, the Declaration of Istanbul, and the 63rd World Health Assembly Resolution, a new paradigm of national self-sufficiency is needed. Each country or region should strive to provide a sufficient number of organs from within its own population, guided by WHO ethics principles. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. Impact of data governance on a nation's healthcare system building blocks.

    PubMed

    Hovenga, Evelyn J S

    2013-01-01

    This chapter gives an overview of a nation's healthcare system, particularly for those who are familiar with IT but not healthcare or for those working in one area of healthcare who may not be familiar with the system and data requirements across the care continuum. The structure of this chapter uses the World Health Organisation's (WHO) Health systems framework with a focus on the need for data and information governance to achieve a sustainable health system delivering improved health for all, responsively and equitably meeting genuine demands for health services, with social and financial risk protection and overall improved efficiency. It is argued that there is a need to gather the right data and to process these data in a manner that provides good information in order to more fully understand how the health system is working and where and when it isn't working well. This needs to be achieved in the most cost effective manner that doesn't detract from the allocation of resources to healthcare or the clinical workflow required to achieve quality healthcare.

  7. National Guard State Partnership Program: A Whole-of Government Approach

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-03-01

    be better able to take ownership of and solve crisis situations within their borders, provide necessities to their people through sound governance...lower level concentrated focus on a partner country (State vs . U.S. Government); executing mission spanning military, political, economic and...and hydroelectric development, foreign investment 22 reform and development, franchise opportunities, bio-fuels development, and public and

  8. Multisector Nutrition Program Governance and Implementation in Ethiopia: Opportunities and Challenges.

    PubMed

    Kennedy, Eileen; Tessema, Masresha; Hailu, Tesfaye; Zerfu, Dilnesaw; Belay, Adamu; Ayana, Girmay; Kuche, Desalegn; Moges, Tibebu; Assefa, Tsehai; Samuel, Aregash; Kassaye, Tarik; Fekadu, Habtamu; Van Wassenhove, Joan

    2015-12-01

    Governments globally are stressing both direct nutrition interventions combined with nutrition sensitive policies and programs to combat malnutrition. Governance at all levels has been identified as a critical element in ensuring success of national nutrition plans. For example, the most recent National Nutrition Program (NNP) in Ethiopia discusses the essentiality of governance and coordination at all levels. The research uses a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with key informant. The research discussed in this article focuses on governance structures from national to regional to district level in Ethiopia with an emphasis on translation of a strategy and implementation of the NNP. This article concentrates primarily on results from the national and regional levels. Data at both the national and regional levels indicate that there is general agreement on the nature of the nutrition problems in Ethiopia. At all levels of government, under nutrition, food insecurity, and micronutrient deficiencies were listed as the main nutrition problems. The challenges in governance and implementation identified at both the national and regional levels, however, varied. The implementation of the 2013 NNP was in its early stages at the time of this research. While there was palpable energy around the launch of the NNP, respondents indicated issues related to leadership, coordination, collaboration, advocacy, and budget would be challenges in sustaining momentum. © The Author(s) 2015.

  9. Global health justice and governance.

    PubMed

    Ruger, Jennifer Prah

    2012-01-01

    While there is a growing body of work on moral issues and global governance in the fields of global justice and international relations, little work has connected principles of global health justice with those of global health governance for a theory of global health. Such a theory would enable analysis and evaluation of the current global health system and would ethically and empirically ground proposals for reforming it to more closely align with moral values. Global health governance has been framed as an issue of national security, human security, human rights, and global public goods. The global health governance literature is essentially untethered to a theorized framework to illuminate or evaluate governance. This article ties global health justice and ethics to principles for governing the global health realm, developing a theoretical framework for global and domestic institutions and actors.

  10. Governance, Government, and the Search for New Provider Models

    PubMed Central

    Saltman, Richard B.; Duran, Antonio

    2016-01-01

    A central problem in designing effective models of provider governance in health systems has been to ensure an appropriate balance between the concerns of public sector and/or government decision-makers, on the one hand, and of non-governmental health services actors in civil society and private life, on the other. In tax-funded European health systems up to the 1980s, the state and other public sector decision-makers played a dominant role over health service provision, typically operating hospitals through national or regional governments on a command-and-control basis. In a number of countries, however, this state role has started to change, with governments first stepping out of direct service provision and now de facto pushed to focus more on steering provider organizations rather than on direct public management. In this new approach to provider governance, the state has pulled back into a regulatory role that introduces market-like incentives and management structures, which then apply to both public and private sector providers alike. This article examines some of the main operational complexities in implementing this new governance reality/strategy, specifically from a service provision (as opposed to mostly a financing or even regulatory) perspective. After briefly reviewing some of the key theoretical dilemmas, the paper presents two case studies where this new approach was put into practice: primary care in Sweden and hospitals in Spain. The article concludes that good governance today needs to reflect practical operational realities if it is to have the desired effect on health sector reform outcome. PMID:26673647

  11. Governance, Government, and the Search for New Provider Models.

    PubMed

    Saltman, Richard B; Duran, Antonio

    2015-11-03

    A central problem in designing effective models of provider governance in health systems has been to ensure an appropriate balance between the concerns of public sector and/or government decision-makers, on the one hand, and of non-governmental health services actors in civil society and private life, on the other. In tax-funded European health systems up to the 1980s, the state and other public sector decision-makers played a dominant role over health service provision, typically operating hospitals through national or regional governments on a command-and-control basis. In a number of countries, however, this state role has started to change, with governments first stepping out of direct service provision and now de facto pushed to focus more on steering provider organizations rather than on direct public management. In this new approach to provider governance, the state has pulled back into a regulatory role that introduces market-like incentives and management structures, which then apply to both public and private sector providers alike. This article examines some of the main operational complexities in implementing this new governance reality/strategy, specifically from a service provision (as opposed to mostly a financing or even regulatory) perspective. After briefly reviewing some of the key theoretical dilemmas, the paper presents two case studies where this new approach was put into practice: primary care in Sweden and hospitals in Spain. The article concludes that good governance today needs to reflect practical operational realities if it is to have the desired effect on health sector reform outcome. © 2016 by Kerman University of Medical Sciences.

  12. Fiscal Federalism and Local Government Finance in Nigeria

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Alo, Ejikeme Nonso

    2012-01-01

    Fiscal federalism deals with the sharing of resources in a federated nation. Over the years problems about local government finance have become an important aspect of intergovernmental relations. Constitutionally, local government is the third tier of government which exists as an independent entity, possessing some degree of autonomy and…

  13. Safe Surgery for All: Early Lessons from Implementing a National Government-Driven Surgical Plan in Ethiopia.

    PubMed

    Burssa, Daniel; Teshome, Atlibachew; Iverson, Katherine; Ahearn, Olivia; Ashengo, Tigistu; Barash, David; Barringer, Erin; Citron, Isabelle; Garringer, Kaya; McKitrick, Victoria; Meara, John; Mengistu, Abraham; Mukhopadhyay, Swagoto; Reynolds, Cheri; Shrime, Mark; Varghese, Asha; Esseye, Samson; Bekele, Abebe

    2017-12-01

    Recognizing the unmet need for surgical care in Ethiopia, the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) has pioneered innovative methodologies for surgical system development with Saving Lives through Safe Surgery (SaLTS). SaLTS is a national flagship initiative designed to improve access to safe, essential and emergency surgical and anaesthesia care across all levels of the healthcare system. Sustained commitment from the FMOH and their recruitment of implementing partners has led to notable accomplishments across the breadth of the surgical system, including but not limited to: (1) Leadership, management and governance-a nationally scaled surgical leadership and mentorship programme, (2) Infrastructure-operating room construction and oxygen delivery plan, (3) Supplies and logistics-a national essential surgical procedure and equipment list, (4) Human resource development-a Surgical Workforce Expansion Plan and Anaesthesia National Roadmap, (5) Advocacy and partnership-strong FMOH partnership with international organizations, including GE Foundation's SafeSurgery2020 initiative, (6) Innovation-facility-driven identification of problems and solutions, (7) Quality of surgical and anaesthesia care service delivery-a national peri-operative guideline and WHO Surgical Safety Checklist implementation, and (8) Monitoring and evaluation-a comprehensive plan for short-term and long-term assessment of surgical quality and capacity. As Ethiopia progresses with its commitment to prioritize surgery within its Health Sector Transformation Plan, disseminating the process and outcomes of the SaLTS initiative will inform other countries on successful national implementation strategies. The following article describes the process by which the Ethiopian FMOH established surgical system reform and the preliminary results of implementation across these eight pillars.

  14. 32 CFR 728.80 - U.S. Government employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false U.S. Government employees. 728.80 Section 728.80... FOR ELIGIBLE PERSONS AT NAVY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT FACILITIES Other Persons § 728.80 U.S. Government... Government who sustain injuries while in the performance of duty, including diseases proximately caused by...

  15. Local Government Training.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    United Nations, New York, NY. Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs.

    In developing nations, the decentralization of responsibilities relating to agriculture, irrigation, public health and sanitation, and small and large industry necessitates the training in public affairs for local government officials. They need training in policy forming and administrative roles as well as a reorientation of attitudes toward the…

  16. Recent Changes in Public-Sector Governance.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Khademian, Anne Meredith

    This report looks at recent changes in governance across the public sector to provide context and examples for the National Commission on Governing America's Schools' efforts. The report is presented in six sections. Following a brief introduction in section 1, section 2 provides an overview of the forces that have changed public-sector governance…

  17. Government Partisanship and Human Well-Being

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Matsubayashi, Tetsuya; Ueda, Michiko

    2012-01-01

    This paper shows that the partisan composition of government is strongly related to the well-being of citizens, measured by the reported level of life satisfaction and suicide rates in industrial countries. Our analysis, using survey data of 14 nations between 1980 and 2002, shows that the presence of left-leaning parties in government is…

  18. Changes in the monitoring and oversight practices of not-for-profit hospital governing boards 1989-2005: evidence from three national surveys.

    PubMed

    Alexander, Jeffrey A; Lee, Shoou-Yih D; Wang, Virginia; Margolin, Frances S

    2009-04-01

    Despite the legal and practical importance of monitoring and oversight of management by hospital governing boards, there is little empirical evidence of how hospital boards fulfill these roles and the extent to which these practices have changed over time. We utilize data from three national surveys of hospital governance to examine how oversight and monitoring practices in public and private not-for-profit (NFP) hospital boards have changed over time. Findings suggest that board relations with CEOs in NFP hospitals display important but potentially contradictory patterns. On the one hand, NFP hospital boards appear to be exercising more stringent oversight of management and hospital performance. On the other hand, management is more actively involved with governance matters with less separation of board and management. This general pattern varies by the dimension of oversight and monitoring practice and by specific characteristics of NFP hospitals.

  19. 48 CFR 1852.245-71 - Installation-accountable Government property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Government property. 1852.245-71 Section 1852.245-71 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL... Provisions and Clauses 1852.245-71 Installation-accountable Government property. As prescribed in 1845.107-70(b)(1), insert the following clause: Installation-Accountable Government Property (JAN 2011) (a) The...

  20. 48 CFR 1852.245-71 - Installation-accountable Government property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Government property. 1852.245-71 Section 1852.245-71 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL... Provisions and Clauses 1852.245-71 Installation-accountable Government property. As prescribed in 1845.107-70(b)(1), insert the following clause: Installation-Accountable Government Property (JAN 2011) (a) The...

  1. (Re)inventing Government-Industry R and D Collaboration

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Holmes, Bruce J.

    1996-01-01

    This paper describes the lessons learned in developing and operating a large-scale strategic alliance whose organization and coordination is U.S. Government-led using new means for R&D collaboration. Consortia in the United States counter a century of 1884 Sherman Anti-Trust Law-based governmental and legal policy and a longstanding business tradition of unfettered competition. Success in public-private collaboration in America requires compelling vision and motivation by both partners to reinvent our ways of doing business. The foundations for reinventing government and alliance building were laid in 1994 with Vice President Al Gore's mandates for Federal Lab Reviews and other examinations of the roles and missions for the nation's more than 700 government labs. In addition, the 1984 National Cooperative Research Act (NCRA) set in motion the abilities for U.S. companies to collaborate in pre-competitive technology development. The budget realities of the 1990's for NASA and other government agencies demand that government discover the means to accomplish its mission by leveraging resources through streamlining as well as alliances. Federal R&D investments can be significantly leveraged for greater national benefit through strategic alliances with industry and university partners. This paper presents early results from one of NASA's first large-scale public/private joint R&D ventures.

  2. International Religion Indexes: Government Regulation, Government Favoritism, and Social Regulation of Religion*

    PubMed Central

    Grim, Brian J.; Finke, Roger

    2014-01-01

    The study of religion is severely handicapped by a lack of adequate cross-national data. Despite the prominence of religion in international events and recent theoretical models pointing to the consequences of regulating religion, cross-national research on religion has been lacking. We strive to fill this void by developing measurement models and indexes for government regulation, government favoritism, and social regulation of religion. The indexes rely on data from an extensive coding of the 2003 International Religious Freedom Report for 196 countries and territories. Using a series of tests to evaluate the new data and indexes, we find that the measures developed are highly reliable and valid. The three indexes will allow researchers and others to measure the government’s subsidy and regulation of religion as well as the restrictions placed on religion by social and cultural forces beyond the state. PMID:25484633

  3. U.G. Government Technology Information Locator

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1998-04-01

    National Science Foundation (NSF); the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); and the Department of Commerce (DOC)-plus eight other government S&T resources. It is intended as a starter set to help users locate U.S. government technology information. For convenience, it uses Internet addresses, e-mail addresses, and telephone numbers. The Appendix contains a

  4. What is the responsibility of national government with respect to vaccination?

    PubMed

    Verweij, Marcel F; Houweling, Hans

    2014-12-12

    Given the ethical aspects of vaccination policies and current threats to public trust in vaccination, it is important that governments follow clear criteria for including new vaccines in a national programme. The Health Council of the Netherlands developed such a framework of criteria in 2007, and has been using this as basis for advisory reports about several vaccinations. However, general criteria alone offer insufficient ground and direction for thinking about what the state ought to do. In this paper, we present and defend two basic ethical principles that explain why certain vaccinations are the state's moral-political responsibility, and that may further guide decision-making about the content and character of immunisation programmes. First and foremost, the state is responsible for protecting the basic conditions for public health and societal life. Secondly, states are responsible for promoting and securing equal access to basic health care, which may also include certain vaccinations. We argue how these principles can find reasonable support from a broad variety of ethical and political views, and discuss several implications for vaccination policies. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. 50 CFR 216.22 - Taking by State or local government officials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... officials. 216.22 Section 216.22 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE TAKING AND IMPORTING OF MARINE MAMMALS General Exceptions § 216.22 Taking by State or local government...

  6. 50 CFR 216.22 - Taking by State or local government officials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... officials. 216.22 Section 216.22 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE TAKING AND IMPORTING OF MARINE MAMMALS General Exceptions § 216.22 Taking by State or local government...

  7. 50 CFR 216.22 - Taking by State or local government officials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... officials. 216.22 Section 216.22 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE TAKING AND IMPORTING OF MARINE MAMMALS General Exceptions § 216.22 Taking by State or local government...

  8. 50 CFR 216.22 - Taking by State or local government officials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... officials. 216.22 Section 216.22 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE TAKING AND IMPORTING OF MARINE MAMMALS General Exceptions § 216.22 Taking by State or local government...

  9. Bicentennial of the United States Constitution: A Resource Guide. Supplement II: 1989. The Establishment of the Federal Government and National Defense.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Office of the Special Assistant for the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution (Army), Washington, DC.

    The Department of the Army has been chosen to be the executive agent for the Department of Defense (DOD) programs celebrating the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution. The DOD commemorative focus is fourfold: (1) to demonstrate the role and relationships of the military in national government; (2) to provide educational and historical…

  10. An Extended Model of Knowledge Governance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Karvalics, Laszlo Z.; Dalal, Nikunj

    In current times, we are seeing the emergence of a new paradigm to describe, understand, and analyze the expanding "knowledge domain". This overarching framework - called knowledge governance - draws from and builds upon knowledge management and may be seen as a kind of meta-layer of knowledge management. The emerging knowledge governance approach deals with issues that lie at the intersection of organization and knowledge processes. Knowledge governance has two main interpretation levels in the literature: the company- (micro-) and the national (macro-) level. We propose a three-layer model instead of the previous two-layer version, adding a layer of "global" knowledge governance. Analyzing and separating the main issues in this way, we can re-formulate the focus of knowledge governance research and practice in all layers.

  11. Home - Tohono O'odham Nation

    Science.gov Websites

    about our history, culture, governance and other aspects of the Nation that otherwise may not be readily history, culture and governance components while educating the public on its broad spectrum of services †’ Address Tohono O'odham Nation P.O. Box 837 | Sells, AZ 85634 contactus@tonation-nsn.gov Login Governance

  12. Metadata Sets for e-Government Resources: The Extended e-Government Metadata Schema (eGMS+)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Charalabidis, Yannis; Lampathaki, Fenareti; Askounis, Dimitris

    In the dawn of the Semantic Web era, metadata appear as a key enabler that assists management of the e-Government resources related to the provision of personalized, efficient and proactive services oriented towards the real citizens’ needs. As different authorities typically use different terms to describe their resources and publish them in various e-Government Registries that may enhance the access to and delivery of governmental knowledge, but also need to communicate seamlessly at a national and pan-European level, the need for a unified e-Government metadata standard emerges. This paper presents the creation of an ontology-based extended metadata set for e-Government Resources that embraces services, documents, XML Schemas, code lists, public bodies and information systems. Such a metadata set formalizes the exchange of information between portals and registries and assists the service transformation and simplification efforts, while it can be further taken into consideration when applying Web 2.0 techniques in e-Government.

  13. International Perspective on Government Nanotechnology Funding in 2005

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Roco, M. C.

    2005-12-01

    The worldwide investment in nanotechnology research and development (R&D) reported by national government organizations and EC has increased approximately 9-fold in the last 8 years - from 432 million in 1997 to about 4,100 million in 2005. The proportion of national government investments for: academic R&D and education are between 20% (Korea, Taiwan) and 65% (US), industrial R&D - between 5% (US) and 60% (Korea, Taiwan), and core facilities and government laboratories - about 20-25% in all major contributing economies. This evaluation uses the NNI definition of nanotechnology (that excludes MEMS or microelectronics), and is based on direct information and analysis with managers of nanotechnology R&D programs in the respective countries.

  14. The Dissemination and Accessibility of Canadian Government Information.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Morton, Bruce; Zink, Steven D.

    1992-01-01

    Discusses information agencies and issues that affect the dissemination and accessibility of Canadian government information, including the Canada Communication Group, depository libraries, the National Library, bibliographic control of government information, the Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, Statistics Canada,…

  15. 78 FR 26518 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Government Property

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-07

    ... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION 48 CFR Part 52 Federal Acquisition Regulation; Government Property CFR Correction In Title 48 of... Termination for Convenience of the Government (Fixed-Price). * * * * * (i) The cost principles and procedures...

  16. Evolution of different dual-use concepts in international and national law and its implications on research ethics and governance.

    PubMed

    Rath, Johannes; Ischi, Monique; Perkins, Dana

    2014-09-01

    This paper provides an overview of the various dual-use concepts applied in national and international non-proliferation and anti-terrorism legislation, such as the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, the Chemical Weapons Convention and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540, and national export control legislation and in relevant codes of conduct. While there is a vast literature covering dual-use concepts in particular with regard to life sciences, this is the first paper that incorporates into such discussion the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540. In addition, recent developments such as the extension of dual-use export control legislation in the area of human rights protection are also identified and reviewed. The discussion of dual-use concepts is hereby undertaken in the context of human- and/or national-security-based approaches to security. This paper discusses four main concepts of dual use as applied today in international and national law: civilian versus military, peaceful versus non-peaceful, legitimate versus illegitimate and benevolent versus malevolent. In addition, the usage of the term to describe positive technology spin-offs between civilian and military applications is also briefly addressed. Attention is also given to the roles civil society and research ethics may play in the governance of dual-use sciences and technologies.

  17. 78 FR 29388 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-20

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (13-047)] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: The inventions listed below assigned to the National...

  18. 78 FR 57665 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-19

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-105] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: The inventions listed below assigned to the National...

  19. Compendium of Public Employment: 2002 Census of Governments. Volume 3, Public Employment

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    US Department of Commerce, 2004

    2004-01-01

    This document provides a comprehensive summary of census findings on government employment and payrolls for March 2002. National and state-by-state data are shown for the federal government, state governments, and local governments by type of government. Additional data are provided on local governments by county area and by size groups. The…

  20. 78 FR 13905 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-01

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-020] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of... to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, have been filed in the United States Patent and...

  1. 78 FR 57664 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-19

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-107] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of... to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, have been filed in the United States Patent and...

  2. 75 FR 54656 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-08

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (10-106)] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of... to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, have been filed in the United States Patent and...

  3. 77 FR 54935 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-06

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (12-063)] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of... to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, have been filed in the United States Patent and...

  4. 78 FR 19743 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-02

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-025] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of... to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, have been filed in the United States Patent and...

  5. 78 FR 13905 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-01

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-016] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of... to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, have been filed in the United States Patent and...

  6. 77 FR 21573 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-10

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing AGENCY: National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, HHS. ACTION: Notice... the indicated licensing contact at the Office of Technology Transfer, National Institutes of Health...

  7. 76 FR 13193 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-10

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing AGENCY: National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, HHS. ACTION: Notice... the indicated licensing contact at the Office of Technology Transfer, National Institutes of Health...

  8. What's Happening on the West Coast? The National Ocean Policy, EBM and Ocean Governance on the West Coast of the U.S.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hansen, J. R.

    2016-02-01

    A robust update on the latest ocean governance developments in the West Coast region of the U.S. will be provided, highlighting implementation of the National Ocean Policy and ongoing dialog among federal, state and tribal entities and coastal stakeholders at a range of scales. The link between ecosystem-based management (EBM) as a guiding principle and meaningful management outcomes will discussed, guided by the latest ocean policy priorities from local, state, tribal and regional scales in the West Coast. The West Coast Regional Planning Body has been recently initiated under the framework provided by the National Ocean Policy, bringing together a formal partnership of state and tribal governments with federal agencies in a way never before achieved in the region. The newly reformed West Coast Ocean Partnership builds upon efforts of the West Coast Governors Alliance on Ocean Health to continue to address priority ocean policy topics, while other regional efforts are identifying data, science and tools to support an EBM approach. All of these will be discussed in detail, providing both up-to-date reports on the latest West Coast activities, while illustrating lessons learned from past regional efforts and exactly how EBM has been effectively integrated. The West Coast of the U.S. is a unique region in terms of geographic scale, governance structure and history of innovative ocean management approaches. Using opportunities provided by recent state, tribal, regional and national policy initiatives, the West Coast has undertaken a range of activities to better coordinate ocean management while enhancing dialogs to support it. This presentation will provide a concise summary of current efforts, demonstrating how policy is being translated into significant action and highlighting opportunities to build on successful outcomes to date.

  9. What's Happening on the West Coast? The National Ocean Policy, EBM and Ocean Governance on the West Coast of the U.S.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hansen, J. R.

    2016-12-01

    A robust update on the latest ocean governance developments in the West Coast region of the U.S. will be provided, highlighting implementation of the National Ocean Policy and ongoing dialog among federal, state and tribal entities and coastal stakeholders at a range of scales. The link between ecosystem-based management (EBM) as a guiding principle and meaningful management outcomes will discussed, guided by the latest ocean policy priorities from local, state, tribal and regional scales in the West Coast. The West Coast Regional Planning Body has been recently initiated under the framework provided by the National Ocean Policy, bringing together a formal partnership of state and tribal governments with federal agencies in a way never before achieved in the region. The newly reformed West Coast Ocean Partnership builds upon efforts of the West Coast Governors Alliance on Ocean Health to continue to address priority ocean policy topics, while other regional efforts are identifying data, science and tools to support an EBM approach. All of these will be discussed in detail, providing both up-to-date reports on the latest West Coast activities, while illustrating lessons learned from past regional efforts and exactly how EBM has been effectively integrated. The West Coast of the U.S. is a unique region in terms of geographic scale, governance structure and history of innovative ocean management approaches. Using opportunities provided by recent state, tribal, regional and national policy initiatives, the West Coast has undertaken a range of activities to better coordinate ocean management while enhancing dialogs to support it. This presentation will provide a concise summary of current efforts, demonstrating how policy is being translated into significant action and highlighting opportunities to build on successful outcomes to date.

  10. You Can't Sell Your Mother: Conflict Between the United States Government and the Sacne Nation. Instructional Activities Series IA/S-4.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bond, Theodore; And Others

    This activity is one of a series of 17 teacher-developed instructional activities for geography at the secondary grade level described in SO 009 140. The simulation investigates land-use conflict between the government and the Seneca Indian nation. Given data about a proposed dam project which would destroy an Indian reservation but protect…

  11. 22 CFR 41.22 - Officials of foreign governments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Officials of foreign governments. 41.22 Section 41.22 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE VISAS VISAS: DOCUMENTATION OF NONIMMIGRANTS UNDER THE IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT, AS AMENDED Foreign Government Officials § 41.22 Officials of foreign...

  12. An Act of Sovereignty: Governing Tribal Higher Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Crazy Bull, Cheryl; Lindquist, Cynthia; Gipp, David M.

    2015-01-01

    Governance at tribal colleges and universities (TCUs) affirms the connection between the sovereignty of tribal nations and regional accreditation standards. Shared governance, where faculty, administrators, and trustees all contribute to oversight and decision-making, is a central component at TCUs and has unique implications for tribal…

  13. The role of international institutions in the formation of international bioethical law: UNESCO and the United Nations General Assembly attempt to govern human cloning.

    PubMed

    Kuppuswamy, Chamundeeswari

    2007-01-01

    This article analyses the international governance of human reproductive cloning. Noting that bioethics is a new field of engagement for international lawyers, it recounts some of the institutional developments in bioethical law making. The role of UNESCO and the United Nations General Assembly is scrutinized and the author discusses the relative merits of the institutions' governance of human reproductive cloning. The author suggests that some international institutions and mechanisms are better suited than others for bioethical law making. The 2005 General Assembly resolution on human cloning is analysed in this context.

  14. Government Classification: An Overview.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brown, Karen M.

    Classification of government documents (confidential, secret, top secret) is a system used by the executive branch to, in part, protect national security and foreign policy interests. The systematic use of classification markings with precise definitions was established during World War I, and since 1936 major changes in classification have…

  15. Contextualizing Obesity and Diabetes Policy: Exploring a Nested Statistical and Constructivist Approach at the Cross-National and Subnational Government Level in the United States and Brazil

    PubMed Central

    Gómez, Eduardo J.

    2017-01-01

    Background: This article conducts a comparative national and subnational government analysis of the political, economic, and ideational constructivist contextual factors facilitating the adoption of obesity and diabetes policy. Methods: We adopt a nested analytical approach to policy analysis, which combines cross-national statistical analysis with subnational case study comparisons to examine theoretical prepositions and discover alternative contextual factors; this was combined with an ideational constructivist approach to policy-making. Results: Contrary to the existing literature, we found that with the exception of cross-national statistical differences in access to healthcare infrastructural resources, the growing burden of obesity and diabetes, rising healthcare costs and increased citizens’ knowledge had no predictive affect on the adoption of obesity and diabetes policy. We then turned to a subnational comparative analysis of the states of Mississippi in the United States and Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil to further assess the importance of infrastructural resources, at two units of analysis: the state governments versus rural municipal governments. Qualitative evidence suggests that differences in subnational healthcare infrastructural resources were insufficient for explaining policy reform processes, highlighting instead other potentially important factors, such as state-civil societal relationships and policy diffusion in Mississippi, federal policy intervention in Rio Grande do Norte, and politicians’ social construction of obesity and the resulting differences in policy roles assigned to the central government. Conclusion: We conclude by underscoring the complexity of subnational policy responses to obesity and diabetes, the importance of combining resource and constructivist analysis for better understanding the context of policy reform, while underscoring the potential lessons that the United States can learn from Brazil. PMID:29179290

  16. Education Governance in Action: Lessons from Case Studies

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Burns, Tracey; Köster, Florian; Fuster, Marc

    2016-01-01

    Governing multi-level education systems requires governance models that balance responsiveness to local diversity with the ability to ensure national objectives. This delicate equilibrium is difficult to achieve given the complexity of many education systems. Countries are therefore increasingly looking for examples of good practice and models of…

  17. 36 CFR 331.16 - Interference with government employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Interference with government employees. 331.16 Section 331.16 Parks, Forests, and Public Property CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE PROTECTION, USE AND MANAGEMENT OF THE FALLS OF THE OHIO NATIONAL...

  18. Government-Industry Data Exchange Program (GIDEP)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Richards, E. T.

    1974-01-01

    The Government-Industry Data Exchange Program (GIDEP) was originated in 1959 by the Army, Navy, and Air Force Ballistic Missile Agencies. Known at that time as IDEP--Interservice Data Exchange Program--its intent was to eliminate duplicate testing of parts and components by disseminating pertinent test data among Department of Defense contractors and various government agencies. In 1966 both the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Canadian Military Electronics Standards Agency (CAMESA) recognized the value of the data provided by the program and became participants. Today, GIDEP provides the interchange of specialized technical data to all the military services, participating government contractors and numerous government agencies such as the Atomic Energy Commission, Federal Aviation Administration, Defense Supply Agency, and the Small Business Administration.

  19. 78 FR 37795 - Draft NOAA Procedures for Government to Government Consultation With Federally Recognized Indian...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-24

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XC726 Draft NOAA... Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce. ACTION: Notice; request for comments. SUMMARY... Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments, and the Department of Commerce Tribal...

  20. Internet-Related Work Activities and Academic Government Documents Librarians' Professional Relationships.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Roselle, Ann

    1999-01-01

    Examines specific Internet-related work activities of academic government documents librarians in the United States and how these activities are affecting academic government documents librarians' professional relationships. Results are reported from a national survey of 226 academic government documents librarians that indicate closer…

  1. Pan-European E-Government Services Architecture

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vitvar, Tomáš; Mocan, Adrian; Nazir, Sanaullah; Wang, Xia

    E-Government has been the center of interest for public administrations, citizens and businesses, as well as software vendors for several years. E-Government enables customers and members of the public and private sectors to take advantage of automated administration processes accessible on-line. These activities involve electronic exchange of information to acquire or provide products or services, to place or receive orders, or to complete financial transactions. All such communications must be performed securely, while at the same time maintaining the privacy of involved parties. E-Government allows citizens and businesses to process requests on-line, and with minimal physical interactions with public bodies. Since a complex information support often needs to be developed incrementally, e-Government services were first available as single services in specific sectors and for specific users. While these services are being further developed and expanded to be available in more sectors and for more users, their growing number leads to requirements of total or partial automation of certain tasks, for example, discovery, selection, composition and mediation of services. In addition, extensive numbers of such services are available in different sectors, and their provisioning in complex scenarios requires a good information strategy along with a good architectural and technological basis. The main goal is to identify and define methods, standards, technologies as well as legislation to be used within the whole development process and provisioning of complex e-Government systems. In the EU, the e-Government information strategy can be seen at two levels as (1) a European strategy driven by the European Commission to enable e-Government services across the EU member states and (2) national strategies to form a national e-Government available within a particular EU member state. The initiative which aims to develop the European strategy at the EU level is called IDABC.1

  2. 32 CFR 2400.38 - Protection of foreign government information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Protection of foreign government information. 2400.38 Section 2400.38 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY...

  3. 32 CFR 2400.38 - Protection of foreign government information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Protection of foreign government information. 2400.38 Section 2400.38 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY...

  4. 32 CFR 2400.38 - Protection of foreign government information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Protection of foreign government information. 2400.38 Section 2400.38 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY...

  5. 32 CFR 2400.38 - Protection of foreign government information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Protection of foreign government information. 2400.38 Section 2400.38 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY...

  6. 32 CFR 2400.38 - Protection of foreign government information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Protection of foreign government information. 2400.38 Section 2400.38 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY...

  7. Citizen Perceptions of Government Service Quality: Evidence from Public Schools. Program on Education Policy and Governance Working Papers Series. PEPG 10-16

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chingos, Matthew M.; Henderson, Michael; West, Martin R.

    2010-01-01

    Conventional models of democratic accountability hinge on citizens' ability to evaluate government performance accurately, yet there is little evidence on the degree to which citizen perceptions of the quality of government services correspond to actual service quality. Using nationally representative survey data, we find that citizens'…

  8. Reauthorization of the National Assessment of Educational Progress and National Assessment Governing Board. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Youth and Families of the Committee on Education and the Workforce. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Education and the Workforce.

    A hearing was held on the re-authorization of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) and the National Assessment Governing Board (NAGB). Mary R. Blanton, Vice Chair of the NAGB, spoke about its mission and plans for design changes under the re-authorization. She also outlined the role of the NAGB in overseeing the voluntary…

  9. Government Information and Information about Governments in Southeast Asia: A New Era? An Overview.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    See, Ch'ng Kim

    This paper on Southeast Asian government information and official publications (GIOPs) begins with a general overview of new ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) members (Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos, and Vietnam) as well as founding members (Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore). Information technology (IT)…

  10. The nationalization of the Swedish pharmacies.

    PubMed

    Lilja, J

    1987-01-01

    The first Swedish parliamentary bill suggesting government-owned pharmacies was introduced in 1907 and was rejected. A number of official proposals were put forward until 1970 when the government decided to nationalize the Swedish pharmacies. The process leading to nationalization was influenced by background and by more specific 'release' factors operating in the 1960s. The opposition in parliament to nationalization was only minor. The new organization formed, Apoteksbolaget AB, was given a drug selling monopoly and was organized as a limited company regulated by an agreement between the government and Apoteksbolaget.

  11. Empirical studies on changes in oil governance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kemal, Mohammad

    Regulation of the oil and gas sector is consequential to the economies of oil-producing countries. In the literature, there are two types of regulation: indirect regulation through taxes and tariffs or direct regulation through the creation of a National Oil Company (NOC). In the 1970s, many oil-producing countries nationalized their oil and gas sectors by creating and giving ownership rights of oil and gas resources to NOCs. In light of the success of Norway in regulating its oil and gas resources, over the past two decades several countries have changed their oil governance by changing the rights given to NOC from ownership right to mere access rights like other oil companies. However, empirical literature on these changes in oil governance is quite thin. Thus, this dissertation will explore three research questions to investigate empirically these changes in oil governance. First, I investigate empirically the impact of the changes in oil governance on aggregate domestic income. By employing a difference-in-difference method, I will show that a country which changed its oil governance increases its GDP per-capita by 10%. However, the impact is different for different types of political institution. Second, by observing the changes in oil governance in Indonesia , I explore the impact of the changes on learning-by-doing and learning spillover effect in offshore exploration drilling. By employing an econometric model which includes interaction terms between various experience variables and changes in an oil governance dummy, I will show that the change in oil governance in Indonesia enhances learning-by-doing by the rigs and learning spillover in a basin. Lastly, the impact of the changes in oil governance on expropriation risk and extraction path will be explored. By employing a difference-in-difference method, this essay will show that the changes in oil governance reduce expropriation and the impact of it is different for different sizes of resource stock.

  12. 48 CFR 1852.245-80 - Government property management information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... management information. 1852.245-80 Section 1852.245-80 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL... Provisions and Clauses 1852.245-80 Government property management information. As prescribed in 1845.107-70(k)(1), insert the following provision. Government Property Management Information (JAN 2011) (a) The...

  13. 48 CFR 1852.245-80 - Government property management information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... management information. 1852.245-80 Section 1852.245-80 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL... Provisions and Clauses 1852.245-80 Government property management information. As prescribed in 1845.107-70(k)(1), insert the following provision. Government Property Management Information (JAN 2011) (a) The...

  14. State Structures for the Governance of Higher Education: A Comparative Study.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bowen, Frank M.; Bracco, Kathy Reeves; Callan, Patrick M.; Finney, Joni E.; Richardson, Richard C., Jr.; Trombley, William

    This comparative study synthesizes data from a national study which examined differences among states in their governance structures, and asked if differences in performance were related to governing structures and whether governance structure affected strategies of state policymakers. The seven states examined were grouped into four governance…

  15. National Centers for Environmental Prediction

    Science.gov Websites

    . Government's official Web portal to all Federal, state and local government Web resources and services. MISSION Web Page [scroll down to "Verification" Section] HRRR Verification at NOAA ESRL HRRR Web Verification Web Page NOAA / National Weather Service National Centers for Environmental Prediction

  16. 76 FR 44939 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-27

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health Government-Owned Inventions.... SUMMARY: The inventions listed below are owned by an agency of the U.S. Government and are available for... inventions to extend market coverage for companies and may also be available for licensing. ADDRESSES...

  17. 49 CFR 805.735-9 - Use of Government property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Use of Government property. 805.735-9 Section 805.735-9 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITIES AND CONDUCT § 805.735-9 Use of Government property. Members and...

  18. "To Collect the Wisest Sentiments": Direct Democracy and Representative Government. A Guide for Discussion of Proposals for a National Initiative and Referendum Process.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Merriman, W. Richard, Jr.

    Given the role that initiatives and referenda have played in state and local governance, it is interesting that there has never been a national initiative or referendum in the United States. The reason for this is that the Constitution of the United States does not provide for direct citizen initiation of, or direct popular votes on, either…

  19. 78 FR 57664 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-19

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-106] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  20. 78 FR 13906 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-01

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-015] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  1. 78 FR 13905 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-01

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-018] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  2. 78 FR 19744 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-02

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-026] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  3. 75 FR 54656 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-08

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (10-109)] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  4. 78 FR 13905 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-01

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-017] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  5. 78 FR 57663 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-19

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-104] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of availability of inventions for licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  6. 78 FR 57664 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-19

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-103] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  7. 75 FR 54656 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-08

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (10-107)] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of availability of inventions for licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  8. 75 FR 28663 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-21

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (10-057)] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of availability of inventions for licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  9. 78 FR 29388 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-20

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (13-052)] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  10. 78 FR 29388 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-20

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (13-054)] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  11. 78 FR 29387 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-20

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (13-058)] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  12. 78 FR 29386 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-20

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (13-053)] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  13. 75 FR 25259 - National Health Care Workforce Commission

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-07

    ... GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE National Health Care Workforce Commission AGENCY: Government... members to the National Health Care Workforce Commission, with appointments to be made not later [email protected] . Mail: GAO Health Care, Attention: National Health Care Workforce Commission Nominations, 441...

  14. 32 CFR 644.356 - Report on Government title.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Report on Government title. 644.356 Section 644.356 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY (CONTINUED) REAL PROPERTY REAL ESTATE HANDBOOK Disposal Reports of Excess Real Property and Related Personal Property to...

  15. 32 CFR 644.356 - Report on Government title.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Report on Government title. 644.356 Section 644.356 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY (CONTINUED) REAL PROPERTY REAL ESTATE HANDBOOK Disposal Reports of Excess Real Property and Related Personal Property to...

  16. The effects of Global Fund financing on health governance in Brazil.

    PubMed

    Gómez, Eduardo J; Atun, Rifat

    2012-07-16

    The impact of donors, such as national government (bi-lateral), private sector, and individual financial (philanthropic) contributions, on domestic health policies of developing nations has been the subject of scholarly discourse. Little is known, however, about the impact of global financial initiatives, such as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, on policies and health governance of countries receiving funding from such initiatives. This study employs a qualitative methodological design based on a single case study: Brazil. Analysis at national, inter-governmental and community levels is based on in-depth interviews with the Global Fund and the Brazilian Ministry of Health and civil societal activists. Primary research is complemented with information from printed media, reports, journal articles, and books, which were used to deepen our analysis while providing supporting evidence. Our analysis suggests that in Brazil, Global Fund financing has helped to positively transform health governance at three tiers of analysis: the national-level, inter-governmental-level, and community-level. At the national-level, Global Fund financing has helped to increased political attention and commitment to relatively neglected diseases, such as tuberculosis, while harmonizing intra-bureaucratic relationships; at the inter-governmental-level, Global Fund financing has motivated the National Tuberculosis Programme to strengthen its ties with state and municipal health departments, and non-governmental organisations (NGOs); while at the community-level, the Global Fund's financing of civil societal institutions has encouraged the emergence of new civic movements, participation, and the creation of new municipal participatory institutions designed to monitor the disbursement of funds for Global Fund grants. Global Fund financing can help deepen health governance at multiple levels. Future work will need to explore how the financing of civil society by the

  17. Space strategy and governance of ESA small member states

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sagath, Daniel; Papadimitriou, Angeliki; Adriaensen, Maarten; Giannopapa, Christina

    2018-01-01

    The European Space Agency (ESA) has twenty-two Member States with a variety of governance structures and strategic priorities regarding their space activities. The objective of this paper is to provide an up-to date overview and a holistic assessment of the national space governance structures and strategic priorities of the eleven smaller Member States (based on annual ESA contributions). A link is made between the governance structure and the main strategic objectives. The specific needs and interests of small and new Member States in the frame of European Space Integration are addressed. The first part of the paper focuses on the national space governance structures in the eleven smaller ESA Member States. The governance models of these Member States are identified including the responsible ministries and the entities entrusted with the implementation of space strategy/policy and programmes of the country. The second part of this paper focuses on the content and analysis of the national space strategies and indicates the main priorities and trends in the eleven smaller ESA Member States. The priorities are categorised with regards to technology domains, the role of space in the areas of sustainability and the motivators for space investments. In a third and final part, attention is given to the specific needs and interests of the smaller Member States in the frame of European space integration. ESA instruments are tailored to facilitate the needs and interests of the eleven smaller and/or new Member States.

  18. 32 CFR 516.21 - Litigation against government contractors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Litigation against government contractors. 516.21 Section 516.21 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY AID OF CIVIL AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC RELATIONS LITIGATION Reporting Legal Proceedings to HQDA § 516.21 Litigation against...

  19. 32 CFR 516.21 - Litigation against government contractors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 3 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Litigation against government contractors. 516.21 Section 516.21 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY AID OF CIVIL... lawsuit requests representation by DOJ, the Army presumes the contractor will obtain private counsel to...

  20. PROFESSIONAL REGISTRATION OF GOVERNMENT ENGINEERS.

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Buchanan, Thomas J.

    1985-01-01

    The American Society of Civil Engineers views professional registration as an appropriate requirement for engineers, including those in government. The National Society of Professional Engineers makes registration a requirement for the grade of member and full privileges in the society. Some Federal agencies require engineering registration for certain positions in their agencies. Engineers in government service should consider the value of engineering registration to themselves and to their agencies and take pride in their professions and in their own capabilities by becoming registered engineers. They should also take steps to encourage their agencies to give more attention to engineering registration.

  1. Open Government Partnership as a Platform for Advancing Open Education Policy

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gondol, Jan; Allen, Nicole

    2015-01-01

    An exciting new avenue for establishing and expanding national commitments to open education has emerged through the Open Government Partnership (OGP), a multilateral initiative that aims to secure commitments from governments to make their governance more open, accountable and responsive to citizens. In the past, there has not been a strong link…

  2. National Program for e-Learning in Taiwan

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chang, Maiga; Wang, Chin-Yeh; Chen, Gwo-Dong

    2009-01-01

    Taiwan government has initiated a five-year program since 2002: the National Science and Technology Program for e-Learning. The national program started from 2003 and was completed at the end of year 2007, involving thirteen government agencies. This paper describes the results that the national program has accomplished at its first phase, 2003 to…

  3. Performance-Based Pay in the Federal Government. Research Brief

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Center on Performance Incentives, 2008

    2008-01-01

    In "Performance-Based Pay in the Federal Government"--a paper presented at the February 2008 National Center on Performance Incentives research to policy conference--Steve Nelson discusses the evolution of employee pay systems in the federal government, from the inception of the General Schedule to continuing interest in creating more…

  4. How Do We Know? The Face of Government: Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    US Census Bureau, 2012

    2012-01-01

    State and local government employees provide critical services that citizens depend on every day including police and fire protection, roads and public transit systems, social services, public health and hospitals, and education services. The U.S. Census Bureau collects statistics on the nation's governments every five years in the Census of…

  5. A Governance Roadmap and Framework for EarthCube

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Governance Steering Committee, EarthCube

    2013-04-01

    EarthCube is a process and an outcome, established to transform the conduct of research through the development of community-guided cyberinfrastructure for the Geosciences as the prototype for potential deployment across all domain sciences. EarthCube aims to create a knowledge management system and infrastructure that integrates all Earth system and human dimensions data in an open transparent, and inclusive manner. EarthCube requires broad community participation in concept, framework, and implementation and must not be hindered by rigid preconceptions. We discovered widely varying interpretations, expectations, and assumptions about governance among EarthCube participants. Our definition of governance refers to the processes, structure and organizational elements that determine, within an organization or system of organizations, how power is exercised, how stakeholders have their say, how decisions are made, and how decision makers are held accountable. We have learned, from historic infrastructure case studies, background research on governance and from community feedback during this roadmap process, that other types of large-scale, complex infrastructures, including the Internet, have no central control, administration, or management. No national infrastructure that we examined is governed by a single entity, let alone a single governance archetype. Thus we feel the roadmap process must accommodate a governance system or system of systems that may have a single governing entity, particularly at the start, but can evolve into a collective of governing bodies as warranted, in order to be successful. A fast-track process during Spring, 2012 culminated in a Governance Roadmap delivered to an NSF-sponsored charrette in June with an aggressive timetable to define and implement a governance structure to enable the elements of EarthCube to become operational expeditiously. Our goal is to help ensure the realization of this infrastructure sooner, more efficiently, and

  6. The New Institutional Governance of Italian State Universities: What Role for the New Governing Bodies?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Donina, Davide; Meoli, Michele; Paleari, Stefano

    2015-01-01

    In 2010, a comprehensive reform required Italian state universities to restructure their institutional governance by revising their statutes. This interpretative paper aims to evaluate whether the Italian reform is congruent with its declarations, examine the variations in the implementation within the same country of a unitary national regulation…

  7. Effective Governing Boards: A Guide for Members of Governing Boards of Independent Colleges and Universities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges, 2011

    2011-01-01

    The long history of volunteerism in America has its roots in colonial religious and educational enterprises. From the beginning, colleges and universities have been independently governed rather than subject to national or state control. This autonomy is a uniquely American tradition. Over the centuries, the work of academic governing…

  8. Clinical governance--watchword or buzzword?

    PubMed

    Campbell, A V

    2001-04-01

    In the latest reform of the National Health Service great emphasis has been placed on the achievement and maintenance of quality. Mechanisms for ensuring this are being set up under the general title of "clinical governance". What is the meaning of this term? The metaphor behind the phrase is of navigation through stormy seas, but who guides the helmsman? Clinical ethics committees could have a part to play in these changes, provided their role is properly understood. Clinical governance is concerned with management according to an agreed set of aims. The task of ethics committees is Socratic rather than managerial. They should ask fundamental questions about the ethical norms of the services provided and give critical appraisal of the moral character of institutional policies. If these tasks are carried out then governance may become a watchword rather than just another buzzword.

  9. Response to the Task Force on School Governance.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Denoyer, Richard A.

    Although the Task Force on School Governance report claims that restructuring of school boards is essential to save the nation's failing schools, the real failure is society itself. Societal problems such as the nation's $4 trillion debt, air and water pollution, crime, drug abuse, and special interest lobbies abound, and legislators'…

  10. Possibilities for global governance of converging technologies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Roco, Mihail C.

    2008-01-01

    The convergence of nanotechnology, modern biology, the digital revolution and cognitive sciences will bring about tremendous improvements in transformative tools, generate new products and services, enable opportunities to meet and enhance human potential and social achievements, and in time reshape societal relationships. This paper focuses on the progress made in governance of such converging, emerging technologies and suggests possibilities for a global approach. Specifically, this paper suggests creating a multidisciplinary forum or a consultative coordinating group with members from various countries to address globally governance of converging, emerging technologies. The proposed framework for governance of converging technologies calls for four key functions: supporting the transformative impact of the new technologies; advancing responsible development that includes health, safety and ethical concerns; encouraging national and global partnerships; and establishing commitments to long-term planning and investments centered on human development. Principles of good governance guiding these functions include participation of all those who are forging or affected by the new technologies, transparency of governance strategies, responsibility of each participating stakeholder, and effective strategic planning. Introduction and management of converging technologies must be done with respect for immediate concerns, such as privacy, access to medical advancements, and potential human health effects. At the same time, introduction and management should also be done with respect for longer-term concerns, such as preserving human integrity, dignity and welfare. The suggested governance functions apply to four levels of governance: (a) adapting existing regulations and organizations; (b) establishing new programs, regulations and organizations specifically to handle converging technologies; (c) building capacity for addressing these issues into national policies and

  11. A Governance Roadmap and Framework for EarthCube

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Allison, M. L.

    2012-12-01

    EarthCube is a process and an outcome, established to transform the conduct of research through the development of community-guided cyberinfrastructure for the Geosciences as the prototype for potential deployment across all domain sciences. EarthCube aims to create a knowledge management system and infrastructure that integrates all Earth system and human dimensions data in an open transparent, and inclusive manner. EarthCube requires broad community participation in concept, framework, and implementation and must not be hindered by rigid preconceptions. We discovered widely varying interpretations, expectations, and assumptions about governance among EarthCube participants. Our definition of governance refers to the processes, structure and organizational elements that determine, within an organization or system of organizations, how power is exercised, how stakeholders have their say, how decisions are made, and how decision makers are held accountable. We have learned, from historic infrastructure case studies, background research on governance and from community feedback during this roadmap process, that other types of large-scale, complex infrastructures, including the Internet, have no central control, administration, or management. No national infrastructure that we examined is governed by a single entity, let alone a single governance archetype. Thus we feel the roadmap process must accommodate a governance system or system of systems that may have a single governing entity, particularly at the start, but can evolve into a collective of governing bodies as warranted, in order to be successful. A fast-track process during Spring, 2012 culminated in a Governance Roadmap delivered to an NSF-sponsored charrette in June with an aggressive timetable to define and implement a governance structure to enable the elements of EarthCube to become operational expeditiously. Our goal is to help ensure the realization of this infrastructure sooner, more efficiently, and

  12. [Clinical governance and patient safety culture in clinical laboratories in the Spanish National Health System].

    PubMed

    Giménez-Marín, Á; Rivas-Ruiz, F

    To conduct a situational analysis of patient safety culture in public laboratories in the Spanish National Health System and to determine the clinical governance variables that most strongly influence patient safety. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, in which a Survey of Patient Safety in Clinical Laboratories was addressed to workers in 26 participating laboratories. In this survey, which consisted of 45 items grouped into 6 areas, scores were assigned on a scale from 0 to 100 (where 0 is the lowest perception of patient safety). Laboratory managers were asked specific questions about quality management systems and technology. The mean scores for the 26 participating hospitals were evaluated, and the following results observed: in 4of the 6areas, the mean score was higher than 70 points. In the third area (equipment and resources) and the fourth area (working conditions), the scores were lower than 60 points. Every hospital had a digital medical record system. This 100% level of provision was followed by that of an electronic request management system, which was implemented in 82.6% of the hospitals. The results obtained show that the culture of security is homogeneous and of high quality in health service laboratories, probably due to the steady improvement observed. However, in terms of clinical governance, there is still some way to go, as shown by the presence of weaknesses in crucial dimensions of safety culture, together with variable levels of implementation of fail-safe technologies and quality management systems. Copyright © 2017 SECA. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

  13. Benchmarking government action for obesity prevention--an innovative advocacy strategy.

    PubMed

    Martin, J; Peeters, A; Honisett, S; Mavoa, H; Swinburn, B; de Silva-Sanigorski, A

    2014-01-01

    Successful obesity prevention will require a leading role for governments, but internationally they have been slow to act. League tables of benchmark indicators of action can be a valuable advocacy and evaluation tool. To develop a benchmarking tool for government action on obesity prevention, implement it across Australian jurisdictions and to publicly award the best and worst performers. A framework was developed which encompassed nine domains, reflecting best practice government action on obesity prevention: whole-of-government approaches; marketing restrictions; access to affordable, healthy food; school food and physical activity; food in public facilities; urban design and transport; leisure and local environments; health services, and; social marketing. A scoring system was used by non-government key informants to rate the performance of their government. National rankings were generated and the results were communicated to all Premiers/Chief Ministers, the media and the national obesity research and practice community. Evaluation of the initial tool in 2010 showed it to be feasible to implement and able to discriminate the better and worse performing governments. Evaluation of the rubric in 2011 confirmed this to be a robust and useful method. In relation to government action, the best performing governments were those with whole-of-government approaches, had extended common initiatives and demonstrated innovation and strong political will. This new benchmarking tool, the Obesity Action Award, has enabled identification of leading government action on obesity prevention and the key characteristics associated with their success. We recommend this tool for other multi-state/country comparisons. Copyright © 2013 Asian Oceanian Association for the Study of Obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. 32 CFR 635.15 - Release of law enforcement information furnished by foreign governments or international...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... furnished by foreign governments or international organizations. (a) Information furnished by foreign... 32 National Defense 4 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Release of law enforcement information furnished by foreign governments or international organizations. 635.15 Section 635.15 National Defense...

  15. 32 CFR 635.15 - Release of law enforcement information furnished by foreign governments or international...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... furnished by foreign governments or international organizations. (a) Information furnished by foreign... 32 National Defense 4 2012-07-01 2011-07-01 true Release of law enforcement information furnished by foreign governments or international organizations. 635.15 Section 635.15 National Defense...

  16. 32 CFR 635.15 - Release of law enforcement information furnished by foreign governments or international...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... furnished by foreign governments or international organizations. (a) Information furnished by foreign... 32 National Defense 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Release of law enforcement information furnished by foreign governments or international organizations. 635.15 Section 635.15 National Defense...

  17. 32 CFR 635.15 - Release of law enforcement information furnished by foreign governments or international...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... furnished by foreign governments or international organizations. (a) Information furnished by foreign... 32 National Defense 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Release of law enforcement information furnished by foreign governments or international organizations. 635.15 Section 635.15 National Defense...

  18. 32 CFR 635.15 - Release of law enforcement information furnished by foreign governments or international...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... furnished by foreign governments or international organizations. (a) Information furnished by foreign... 32 National Defense 4 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Release of law enforcement information furnished by foreign governments or international organizations. 635.15 Section 635.15 National Defense...

  19. National Health Care: How Can the Federal Government Increase Access to Health Care to United States Citizens? National Debate Topic for High Schools, 1993-94. 103rd Congress, 1st Session/Senate Document 103-2.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    1993

    In compliance with government regulations, this compilation of materials and bibliographic references has been prepared by the Library of Congress to assist debaters in researching the 1993-94 national debate topic for high schools which deals with access by all U.S. citizens to health care. The compilation which was assembled after a review of a…

  20. Traveling Uncharted Waters: The Exchange of Government Information between the United States and China.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wang, Rui

    1998-01-01

    Describes a program established between the United States and China for exchange of government publications through their national libraries, the Library of Congress and the National Library of China. Challenges to the program, including the shift to electronic formats in the United States and government Internet censorship in China, are…

  1. Hard and Soft Governance: The Journey from Transnational Agencies to School Leadership

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Moos, Lejf

    2009-01-01

    The governance and leadership at transnational, national and school level seem to be converging into a number of isomorphic forms as we see a tendency towards substituting "hard" forms of governance, that are legally binding, with "soft" forms based on persuasion and advice. This article analyses and discusses governance forms…

  2. The effects of Global Fund financing on health governance in Brazil

    PubMed Central

    2012-01-01

    Objectives The impact of donors, such as national government (bi-lateral), private sector, and individual financial (philanthropic) contributions, on domestic health policies of developing nations has been the subject of scholarly discourse. Little is known, however, about the impact of global financial initiatives, such as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, on policies and health governance of countries receiving funding from such initiatives. Methods This study employs a qualitative methodological design based on a single case study: Brazil. Analysis at national, inter-governmental and community levels is based on in-depth interviews with the Global Fund and the Brazilian Ministry of Health and civil societal activists. Primary research is complemented with information from printed media, reports, journal articles, and books, which were used to deepen our analysis while providing supporting evidence. Results Our analysis suggests that in Brazil, Global Fund financing has helped to positively transform health governance at three tiers of analysis: the national-level, inter-governmental-level, and community-level. At the national-level, Global Fund financing has helped to increased political attention and commitment to relatively neglected diseases, such as tuberculosis, while harmonizing intra-bureaucratic relationships; at the inter-governmental-level, Global Fund financing has motivated the National Tuberculosis Programme to strengthen its ties with state and municipal health departments, and non-governmental organisations (NGOs); while at the community-level, the Global Fund’s financing of civil societal institutions has encouraged the emergence of new civic movements, participation, and the creation of new municipal participatory institutions designed to monitor the disbursement of funds for Global Fund grants. Conclusions Global Fund financing can help deepen health governance at multiple levels. Future work will need to explore how

  3. 23 CFR 505.13 - Federal Government's share of project cost.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PROJECTS OF NATIONAL AND REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE EVALUATION AND RATING § 505.13 Federal Government's share of project cost. (a) Based on engineering studies, studies of economic feasibility, and... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Federal Government's share of project cost. 505.13...

  4. The role of government and regulation in cancer prevention.

    PubMed

    Brawley, Otis W

    2017-08-01

    The world population is ageing and increasing in size. As a result, the numbers of people diagnosed with and dying of cancer are increasing. Cancer is also a growing problem in developing countries. Government, be it local, state, provincial, national, or even a union of nations, has clear roles in the control of cancer. It is widely appreciated that much of the research that has defined the causes and treatment of cancer was, and is, government funded. Less appreciated, the body of work about how to control cancer shows the importance of an environment that encourages individuals to adopt healthy behaviours, and government has a vitally important role. Through regulation, education, and support programmes, governments can create an environment in which tobacco use is reduced and citizens maintain good levels of physical activity, healthy bodyweight, and good nutrition. Cancer prevention and the creation of a culture of health is an essential mission of government, beyond that of the traditional health-focused departments such as health ministries; it is in the domain of governmental agencies involved in environmental protection, occupational safety, and transportation. Cancer prevention and health promotion are also in the realm of the zoning board, the board of education, and the board of health. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Achieving progress through clinical governance? A national study of health care managers' perceptions in the NHS in England

    PubMed Central

    Freeman, T; Walshe, K

    2004-01-01

    Background: A national cross sectional study was undertaken to explore the perceptions concerning the importance of, and progress in, aspects of clinical governance among board level and directorate managers in English acute, ambulance, and mental health/learning disabilities (MH/LD) trusts. Participants: A stratified sample of acute, ambulance, and mental health/learning disabilities trusts in England (n = 100), from each of which up to 10 board level and 10 directorate level managers were randomly sampled. Methods: Fieldwork was undertaken between April and July 2002 using the Organisational Progress in Clinical Governance (OPCG) schedule to explore managers' perceptions of the importance of, and organisational achievement in, 54 clinical governance competency items in five aggregated domains: improving quality; managing risks; improving staff performance; corporate accountability; and leadership and collaboration. The difference between ratings of importance and achievement was termed a shortfall. Results: Of 1916 individuals surveyed, 1177 (61.4%) responded. The competency items considered most important and recording highest perceived achievement related to corporate accountability structures and clinical risks. The highest shortfalls between perceived importance and perceived achievement were reported in joint working across local health communities, feedback of performance data, and user involvement. When aggregated into domains, greatest achievement was perceived in the assurance related areas of corporate accountability and risk management, with considerably less perceived achievement and consequently higher shortfalls in quality improvement and leadership and collaboration. Directorate level managers' perceptions of achievement were found to be significantly lower than those of their board level colleagues on all domains other than improving performance. No differences were found in perceptions of achievement between different types of trusts, or between

  6. Achieving progress through clinical governance? A national study of health care managers' perceptions in the NHS in England.

    PubMed

    Freeman, T; Walshe, K

    2004-10-01

    A national cross sectional study was undertaken to explore the perceptions concerning the importance of, and progress in, aspects of clinical governance among board level and directorate managers in English acute, ambulance, and mental health/learning disabilities (MH/LD) trusts. A stratified sample of acute, ambulance, and mental health/learning disabilities trusts in England (n = 100), from each of which up to 10 board level and 10 directorate level managers were randomly sampled. Fieldwork was undertaken between April and July 2002 using the Organisational Progress in Clinical Governance (OPCG) schedule to explore managers' perceptions of the importance of, and organisational achievement in, 54 clinical governance competency items in five aggregated domains: improving quality; managing risks; improving staff performance; corporate accountability; and leadership and collaboration. The difference between ratings of importance and achievement was termed a shortfall. Of 1916 individuals surveyed, 1177 (61.4%) responded. The competency items considered most important and recording highest perceived achievement related to corporate accountability structures and clinical risks. The highest shortfalls between perceived importance and perceived achievement were reported in joint working across local health communities, feedback of performance data, and user involvement. When aggregated into domains, greatest achievement was perceived in the assurance related areas of corporate accountability and risk management, with considerably less perceived achievement and consequently higher shortfalls in quality improvement and leadership and collaboration. Directorate level managers' perceptions of achievement were found to be significantly lower than those of their board level colleagues on all domains other than improving performance. No differences were found in perceptions of achievement between different types of trusts, or between trusts at different stages in the Commission

  7. 32 CFR 809a.4 - Use of Government facilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Use of Government facilities. 809a.4 Section 809a.4 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE ADMINISTRATION... in interference with, or prevention of, the orderly accomplishment of the mission of an installation...

  8. 32 CFR 809a.4 - Use of Government facilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Use of Government facilities. 809a.4 Section 809a.4 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE ADMINISTRATION... in interference with, or prevention of, the orderly accomplishment of the mission of an installation...

  9. 32 CFR 809a.4 - Use of Government facilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Use of Government facilities. 809a.4 Section 809a.4 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE ADMINISTRATION... in interference with, or prevention of, the orderly accomplishment of the mission of an installation...

  10. 32 CFR 809a.4 - Use of Government facilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Use of Government facilities. 809a.4 Section 809a.4 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE ADMINISTRATION... in interference with, or prevention of, the orderly accomplishment of the mission of an installation...

  11. 32 CFR 809a.4 - Use of Government facilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Use of Government facilities. 809a.4 Section 809a.4 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE ADMINISTRATION... in interference with, or prevention of, the orderly accomplishment of the mission of an installation...

  12. Common Sense Government. Works Better and Costs Less. Third Report of the National Performance Review.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gore, Al

    This publication reports on the progress of the Clinton Administration's effort to reinvent the Federal government bureaucracy and how it operates and serves citizens. Part 1, "A Government that Makes Sense," describes the progress that reinventing government has made and reviews the context in which the initiative was launched including…

  13. Nation as Context: Comparing Child-Care Systems across Nations.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lubeck, Sally

    1995-01-01

    Reviews recent trends in female employment and preschool provision in the United States and Europe, discussing how governments have responded to the issues. "Nation as context," a type of cross-national research, is developed by comparing and contrasting child care and early education systems in Germany, France, and the United States.…

  14. Bureaucratization and medical professionals' values: A cross-national analysis.

    PubMed

    Racko, Girts

    2017-05-01

    Understanding the impact of the bureaucratization of governance systems on the occupational values of medical professionals is a fundamental concern of the sociological research of healthcare professions. While previous studies have examined the impact of bureaucratized management, organizations, and healthcare fields on medical professionals' values, there is a lack of cross-national research on the normative impact of the bureaucratized systems of national governance. Using the European Social Survey data for 29 countries, this study examines the impact of the bureaucratization of national governance systems on the occupational values of medical professionals. The findings indicate that medical professionals who are employed in countries with the more bureaucratized systems of national governance are less concerned with openness to change values, that emphasize autonomy and creativity, and self-transcendence values, that emphasize common good. The findings also indicate that the negative effect of the bureaucratization of national governance on the openness to change values is stronger for medical professionals in more bureaucratized organizations with more rationalized administration systems. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. Healthcare professionals’ perceptions of clinical governance implementation: a qualitative New Zealand study of 3205 open-ended survey comments

    PubMed Central

    Gauld, Robin; Horsburgh, Simon

    2015-01-01

    Objectives To investigate healthcare professional perceptions of local implementation of a national clinical governance policy in New Zealand. Design Respondent comments written at the end of a national healthcare professional survey designed to assess implementation of core components of the clinical governance policy. Setting The written comments were provided by respondents to a survey distributed to over 41 000 registered healthcare professionals employed in 19 of New Zealand's government-funded District Health Boards. Comments were analysed and categorised within emerging themes. Results 3205 written comments were received. Five key themes illustrating barriers to clinical governance implementation were found, representing problems with: developing management–clinical relations; clinicians stepping up into clinical governance and leadership activities; interprofessional relations; training needs for governance and leadership; and having insufficient time to get involved. Conclusions Despite a national policy on clinical governance which New Zealand's government launched in 2009, this study found that considerable effort is required to build clinical governance at the local level. This finding parallels with other studies in the field. Two areas demand attention: building systems for organisational governance and leadership; and building professional governance arrangements. PMID:25564142

  16. Supporting and activating clinical governance development in Ireland: sharing our learning.

    PubMed

    Flynn, Maureen A; Burgess, Thora; Crowley, Philip

    2015-01-01

    The purpose of this paper is to present a description of the Irish national clinical governance development initiative and an evaluation of the initiative with the purpose of sharing the learning and proposing actions to activate structures and processes for quality and safety. The Quality and Patient Safety Division of the Health Service Executive established the initiative to counterbalance a possible focus on finances during the economic crisis in Ireland and bring attention to the quality of clinical care. A clinical governance framework for quality in healthcare in Ireland was developed to clearly articulate the fundamentals of clinical governance. The project plan involved three overlapping phases. The first was designing resources for practice; the second testing the implementation of the national resources in practice; and the third phase focused on gathering feedback and learning. Staff responded positively to the clinical governance framework. At a time when there are a lot of demands (measurement and scrutiny) the health services leads and responds well to focused support as they improve the quality and safety of services. Promoting the use of the term "governance for quality and safety" assisted in gaining an understanding of the more traditional term "clinical governance". The experience and outcome of the initiative informed the identification of 12 key learning points and a series of recommendations The initial evaluation was conducted at 24 months so at this stage it is not possible to assess the broader impact of the clinical governance framework beyond the action project hospitals. The single most important obligation for any health system is patient safety and improving the quality of care. The easily accessible, practical resources assisted project teams to lead changes in structures and processes within their services. This paper describes the fundamentals of the clinical governance framework which might serve as a guide for more integrative

  17. 32 CFR 516.31 - Private counsel at government expense.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 3 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Private counsel at government expense. 516.31 Section 516.31 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY AID OF CIVIL... Department of the Army or the Department of Justice.” (c) Supervisory and legal adviser procedures. The...

  18. The Internationalization of Higher Education in China: The Role of Government

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Li, Fuhui

    2016-01-01

    In the process of internationalizing higher education, national governments play their role differently, and the relationship between Chinese institutions and the government is significantly different from that experienced by Western institutions. A critical distinction is that Chinese institutions are both academic entities and government…

  19. 13 CFR 125.4 - Government property sales assistance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Government property: (1) Sales of timber and related forest products; (2) Sales of strategic material from national stockpiles; (3) Sales of royalty oil by the Department of Interior's Minerals Management Service...

  20. Energy and National Security

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Abelson, Philip H.

    1973-01-01

    Discussed in this editorial is the need for a broad and detailed government policy on energy use. Oil companies can not be given complete responsibility to demonstrate usage of different energy sources. The government should construct plants because energy is connected with national security. (PS)

  1. Veterinary service missions and good governance.

    PubMed

    Brückner, G K

    2012-08-01

    The rationale for the existence of official Veterinary Services (VS) has seldom been under such intensive public scrutiny as over the past two decades when the world has been confronted with outbreaks of major animal diseases that have posed a potential threat not only to human health but also to animal health and national food security. The mere existence of VS is not enough. The mission statement of the VS can no longer be cast in stone but needs to adapt and be amended continually to cope with new demands. The ability to ensure not only acceptance but also sustainability of the delivery of VS as a global public good, thereby demonstrating good governance, is becoming and will remain a challenge in terms of keeping it a non-rivalrous and non-excludable service to a demanding public clientele. Mission statements to improve the health and welfare of animals will, however, remain no more than noble normative statements of intent if further refinement on how this should be done and governed is not encompassed in the strategic plans, vision and goals of the Veterinary Authority. They will also remain but noble statements if cognisance is not taken of the increased sensitivity, nationally and internationally, around animal welfare issues during transport, movement, housing, treatment and slaughter of animals and if this sensitivity is not reflected or addressed in national animal health and veterinary public health legislation. The author describes some of the ways in which currently accepted critical functions of the VS need to change to demonstrate good governance and respond to the challenges of new or amended missions in order to meet the demands of an ever-changing VS environment.

  2. School Improvement through Government Agencies: Loose or Tight Coupling?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bush, Tony

    2017-01-01

    In seeking to improve student outcomes, governments may choose to exercise direct control over schools, as in many centralised systems, or to provide frameworks for intermediate bodies to engage in improvement activities. One such body is the National College for School Leadership (NCSL), now the National College for Teaching and Leadership (NCTL)…

  3. A Progressively Realizable Right to Health and Global Governance.

    PubMed

    Daniels, Norman

    2015-12-01

    A moral right to health or health care is a special instance of a right to fair equality of opportunity. Nation-states generally have the capabilities to specify the entitlements of such a right and to raise the resources needed to satisfy those entitlements. Can these functions be replicated globally, as a global right to health or health care requires? The suggestion that "better global governance" is needed if such a global right is to be claimed requires that these two central capabilities be present. It is unlikely that nation-states would concede these two functions to a form of global governance, for doing so would seriously compromise the authority that is generally included in sovereignty. This claim is a specification of what is often recognized as the "sovereignty problem." The argument of this paper is not an "impossibility" claim, but a best guess about whether the necessary conditions for better global governance that supports a global right to health or health care can be achieved.

  4. 29 CFR 14.21 - Release of classified information to foreign governments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Release of classified information to foreign governments. 14.21 Section 14.21 Labor Office of the Secretary of Labor SECURITY REGULATIONS Transmission of Classified Information § 14.21 Release of classified information to foreign governments. National security...

  5. 29 CFR 14.21 - Release of classified information to foreign governments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Release of classified information to foreign governments. 14.21 Section 14.21 Labor Office of the Secretary of Labor SECURITY REGULATIONS Transmission of Classified Information § 14.21 Release of classified information to foreign governments. National security...

  6. Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Processes, and Effects

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-09-25

    has an ability to borrow to finance its obligations. As a result, the federal government would need to rely solely on incoming revenues to finance...loss of tourism revenues to local communities; and closure of national museums and monuments (reportedly with an estimated loss of 2 million...Shutdown of the Federal Government : Causes, Processes, and Effects Congressional Research Service 16 revenues and “carryover” funds from

  7. Total quality management and shared governance: synergistic processes.

    PubMed

    Gardner, D B; Cummings, C

    1994-01-01

    "Synergism" accurately describes the gains that can be made when total quality management (TQM) and shared governance are employed for reciprocal development. This article explores the relationship between TQM and shared governance from a systems perspective. Systems thinking is the fundamental framework that must be learned by nursing managers. An example of this synergistic process is described from the National Institutes of Health nursing department's experience in implementing TQM and shared governance. The idea that structure is fundamental to problems and solutions when implementing change and focusing upon interdependency issues are the systemic competencies nursing managers need to develop in order to become strong nursing leaders.

  8. Governing Education in Europe: A "New" Policy Space of European Schooling

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Carlos, Sofia

    2012-01-01

    European Schools are a particular type of school that are not integrated into any national education system but are nonetheless official educational establishments that constitute a European Schools System (ESS) governed jointly by the Member States of the European Union. This positioning creates particularly interesting issues of governance that…

  9. The Contextualization of Archetypes: Clinical Template Governance.

    PubMed

    Pedersen, Rune; Ulriksen, Gro-Hilde; Ellingsen, Gunnar

    2015-01-01

    This paper is a status report from a large-scale openEHR-based EPR project from the North Norway Regional Health Authority. It concerns the standardization of a regional ICT portfolio and the ongoing development of a new process oriented EPR systems encouraged by the unfolding of a national repository for openEHR archetypes. Subject of interest; the contextualization of clinical templates is governed over multiple national boundaries which is complex due to the dependency of clinical resources. From the outset of this, we are interested in how local, regional, and national organizers maneuver to standardize while applying OpenEHR technology.

  10. Global Health Governance at a Crossroads.

    PubMed

    Ng, Nora Y; Ruger, Jennifer Prah

    2011-06-21

    This review takes stock of the global health governance (GHG) literature. We address the transition from international health governance (IHG) to global health governance, identify major actors, and explain some challenges and successes in GHG. We analyze the framing of health as national security, human security, human rights, and global public good, and the implications of these various frames. We also establish and examine from the literature GHG's major themes and issues, which include: 1) persistent GHG problems; 2) different approaches to tackling health challenges (vertical, horizontal, and diagonal); 3) health's multisectoral connections; 4) neoliberalism and the global economy; 5) the framing of health (e.g. as a security issue, as a foreign policy issue, as a human rights issue, and as a global public good); 6) global health inequalities; 7) local and country ownership and capacity; 8) international law in GHG; and 9) research gaps in GHG. We find that decades-old challenges in GHG persist and GHG needs a new way forward. A framework called shared health governance offers promise.

  11. Global Health Governance at a Crossroads

    PubMed Central

    Ng, Nora Y.; Ruger, Jennifer Prah

    2014-01-01

    This review takes stock of the global health governance (GHG) literature. We address the transition from international health governance (IHG) to global health governance, identify major actors, and explain some challenges and successes in GHG. We analyze the framing of health as national security, human security, human rights, and global public good, and the implications of these various frames. We also establish and examine from the literature GHG’s major themes and issues, which include: 1) persistent GHG problems; 2) different approaches to tackling health challenges (vertical, horizontal, and diagonal); 3) health’s multisectoral connections; 4) neoliberalism and the global economy; 5) the framing of health (e.g. as a security issue, as a foreign policy issue, as a human rights issue, and as a global public good); 6) global health inequalities; 7) local and country ownership and capacity; 8) international law in GHG; and 9) research gaps in GHG. We find that decades-old challenges in GHG persist and GHG needs a new way forward. A framework called shared health governance offers promise. PMID:24729828

  12. The Urban Leaders Adaptation Initiative: Climate Resilient Local Governments

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Foster, J. G.

    2008-12-01

    Local governments, the first responders to public health, safety and environmental hazards, must act now to lessen vulnerabilities to climate change. They must plan for and invest in "adapting" to inevitable impacts such as flood, fire, and draught that will occur notwithstanding best efforts to mitigate climate change. CCAP's Urban Leaders Adaptation Initiative is developing a framework for informed decision making on climate adaptation. Looking ahead to projected climate impacts and 'back casting' can identify what is needed now to both reduce greenhouse gas emissions and build local resiliency to climate change. CCAP's partnership with King County (WA), Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami-Dade County (FL), Milwaukee, Nassau County (NY), Phoenix, San Francisco, and Toronto is advancing policy discussions to ensure that state and local governments consider climate change when making decisions about infrastructure, transportation, land use, and resource management. Through the Initiative, local leaders will incorporate climate change into daily urban management and planning activities, proactively engage city and county managers and the public in developing solutions, and build community resilience. One goal is to change both institutional and public attitudes and behaviors. Determining appropriate adaptation strategies for each jurisdiction requires Asking the Climate Question: "How does what we are doing increase our resilience to climate change?" Over the next three years, the Initiative will design and implement specific adaptation plans, policies and 'catalytic' projects, collect and disseminate "best practices," and participate in framing national climate policy discussions. In the coming years, policy-makers will have to consider climate change in major infrastructure development decisions. If they are to be successful and have the resources they need, national climate change policy and emerging legislation will have to support these communities. The Urban Leaders

  13. Developing Government Renewable Energy Projects

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kurt S. Myers; Thomas L. Baldwin; Jason W. Bush

    The US Army Corps of Engineers has retained Idaho National Laboratory (INL) to conduct a study of past INL experiences and complete a report that identifies the processes that are needed for the development of renewable energy projects on government properties. The INL has always maintained expertise in power systems and applied engineering and INL’s renewable energy experiences date back to the 1980’s when our engineers began performing US Air Force wind energy feasibility studies and development projects. Over the last 20+ years of working with Department of Defense and other government agencies to study, design, and build government renewablemore » projects, INL has experienced the do’s and don’ts for being successful with a project. These compiled guidelines for government renewable energy projects could include wind, hydro, geothermal, solar, biomass, or a variety of hybrid systems; however, for the purpose of narrowing the focus of this report, wind projects are the main topic discussed throughout this report. It is our thought that a lot of what is discussed could be applied, possibly with some modifications, to other areas of renewable energy. It is also important to note that individual projects (regardless the type) vary to some degree depending on location, size, and need but in general these concepts and directions can be carried over to the majority of government renewable energy projects. This report focuses on the initial development that needs to occur for any project to be a successful government renewable energy project.« less

  14. Governance Challenges in the Initiatives for Out-of-School Children in Tajikistan

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lo, William Yat Wai; Maclean, Rupert

    2015-01-01

    This article discusses the initiatives for out-of-school children in Tajikistan. The Tajik government has published two blueprint documents, namely, the "National Strategy for Education Development 2006-2015" and the "National Strategy for Education Development until 2020," which outlines a national vision for universal access…

  15. Navigating transformations in governance of Chilean marine coastal resources

    PubMed Central

    Gelcich, Stefan; Hughes, Terry P.; Olsson, Per; Folke, Carl; Defeo, Omar; Fernández, Miriam; Foale, Simon; Gunderson, Lance H.; Rodríguez-Sickert, Carlos; Scheffer, Marten; Steneck, Robert S.; Castilla, Juan C.

    2010-01-01

    Marine ecosystems are in decline. New transformational changes in governance are urgently required to cope with overfishing, pollution, global changes, and other drivers of degradation. Here we explore social, political, and ecological aspects of a transformation in governance of Chile's coastal marine resources, from 1980 to today. Critical elements in the initial preparatory phase of the transformation were (i) recognition of the depletion of resource stocks, (ii) scientific knowledge on the ecology and resilience of targeted species and their role in ecosystem dynamics, and (iii) demonstration-scale experimental trials, building on smaller-scale scientific experiments, which identified new management pathways. The trials improved cooperation among scientists and fishers, integrating knowledge and establishing trust. Political turbulence and resource stock collapse provided a window of opportunity that triggered the transformation, supported by new enabling legislation. Essential elements to navigate this transformation were the ability to network knowledge from the local level to influence the decision-making processes at the national level, and a preexisting social network of fishers that provided political leverage through a national confederation of artisanal fishing collectives. The resultant governance scheme includes a revolutionary national system of marine tenure that allocates user rights and responsibilities to fisher collectives. Although fine tuning is necessary to build resilience of this new regime, this transformation has improved the sustainability of the interconnected social–ecological system. Our analysis of how this transformation unfolded provides insights into how the Chilean system could be further developed and identifies generalized pathways for improved governance of marine resources around the world. PMID:20837530

  16. 32 CFR 705.36 - Government transportation of civilians for public affairs purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ....36 Government transportation of civilians for public affairs purposes. (a) General policy. (1... Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs), as appropriate. (8) Point to point transportation within... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Government transportation of civilians for...

  17. Government regulation of sex and sexuality: in their own words.

    PubMed

    Gruskin, Sofia; Ferguson, Laura

    2009-11-01

    Criminalisation is but one of the tools employed by governments to regulate sex and sexuality. Other types of regulation can equally have an impact on health and well-being and thus merit consideration. While restrictive laws related to sexuality are often driven by moral argumentation, public health evidence and human rights norms highlight the need for supportive legal and policy environments. International legal commitments can serve as a check against national laws and policies which do not conform to international consensus. Reporting mechanisms which draw attention to affected populations in the context of HIV have provided a lens through which governments can begin to see the harms to health and well-being caused by their own regulation of sexuality. A review of 2008 self-reported legal and policy data from the 133 countries reporting under the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS offers important insights. International and national legal and policy environments relating to sexuality are evolving. By identifying dissonance between international standards and national laws and policies, a refocusing of efforts is possible, aiding governments to meet their international obligations and ensuring an appropriate environment for the free and safe expression of sexuality.

  18. The shaping of pharmaceutical governance: the Israeli case.

    PubMed

    Sax, Philip

    2014-01-01

    This article focuses on governance of the pharmaceutical sector in Israel. It traces the relationships between the state, industry, and sick funds from before the establishment of National Health Insurance (NHI) in 1995 to the beginning of this decade, in particular as they have grappled with the challenge of making national formulary decisions in a rational manner. Subsequent to the introduction of NHI there have been shifts in the modes and mix of governance. This research shows empirically that a relatively complex mix of hierarchical and network modes of governance can be successfully established over an extended period of time when flexibility is maintained through the implementation process. The system for defining and updating a standard basket of health services has coped well with the challenge of managing a range of difficult and potentially volatile stakeholder relationships in the pharmaceutical sector and of distancing ministers from controversies of funding and listing decisions. Government has succeeded in containing drug costs whilst still maintaining a basket of reimbursable drugs that, from an international perspective, is comprehensive and technologically advanced. On the other hand, network arrangements appear to have delayed the introduction of suitable accountability relationships and hindered their development. The state has traditionally played an intermediary role between unavoidable corporate interests of industry and sick funds, with little transparency and to the detriment of more pluralistic access to decision making. Governance arrangements in Israel appear to limit the potential and incentive of the state and the sick funds to realize their potential countervailing powers in subsidy and pricing decisions.

  19. The shaping of pharmaceutical governance: the Israeli case

    PubMed Central

    2014-01-01

    This article focuses on governance of the pharmaceutical sector in Israel. It traces the relationships between the state, industry, and sick funds from before the establishment of National Health Insurance (NHI) in 1995 to the beginning of this decade, in particular as they have grappled with the challenge of making national formulary decisions in a rational manner. Subsequent to the introduction of NHI there have been shifts in the modes and mix of governance. This research shows empirically that a relatively complex mix of hierarchical and network modes of governance can be successfully established over an extended period of time when flexibility is maintained through the implementation process. The system for defining and updating a standard basket of health services has coped well with the challenge of managing a range of difficult and potentially volatile stakeholder relationships in the pharmaceutical sector and of distancing ministers from controversies of funding and listing decisions. Government has succeeded in containing drug costs whilst still maintaining a basket of reimbursable drugs that, from an international perspective, is comprehensive and technologically advanced. On the other hand, network arrangements appear to have delayed the introduction of suitable accountability relationships and hindered their development. The state has traditionally played an intermediary role between unavoidable corporate interests of industry and sick funds, with little transparency and to the detriment of more pluralistic access to decision making. Governance arrangements in Israel appear to limit the potential and incentive of the state and the sick funds to realize their potential countervailing powers in subsidy and pricing decisions. PMID:24914409

  20. Government-Microsoft Partnerships: Supranational Formulation in Private and Public Policy

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cardoso, Clementina Marques

    2008-01-01

    This article argues that the framework for the governance of technological knowledge and skills that is formulated for national consumption emerges from a supranational terrain of politics outside the jurisdiction of national and European parliamentary activity and scrutiny. Traditionally understood as a space where ideas circulate and initiatives…

  1. Government Doublethink: Protection or Suppression in Information.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Drake, Miriam A.

    2003-01-01

    Discusses regulations and actions related to government withholding, suppressing, and altering information since September 11, 2001. Topics include conflicting goals of an informed citizenry versus national security, science and technology progress versus protection of sensitive information, and public health versus ideology; political pressure;…

  2. 'Nurse entrepreneurs' a case of government rhetoric?

    PubMed

    Traynor, Michael; Drennan, Vari; Goodman, Claire; Mark, Annabelle; Davis, Kathy; Peacock, Richard; Banning, Maggi

    2008-01-01

    Nursing has come to play a prominent role in government health policy since 1997. Extending the scope of nursing practice into activities previously carried out by doctors can assist a managerialist and 'modernizing' project of increasing National Health Service (NHS) efficiency by removing demarcations between professional groups. Drawing on elements of poststructuralist linguistics, this paper presents an analysis of a key government speech in the context of a discussion of overall policy intentions. The speech can be seen as an example of how government has attempted to use rhetoric to make its goals attractive to nurses. Policy-makers have to make their policies acceptable to those whom they expect to implement them. In this case, organizational efficiency, chiefly in terms of broader access to NHS services, as well as role substitution, is aligned with government policy promoting social enterprise and 'sold' to the nursing profession as enhancing its status compared with medicine.

  3. Mapping Government Reforms in Quality against Higher Education Theory: Is the Relationship Symbiotic?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Alderman, Lyn

    2016-01-01

    In Australia, a review of the higher education sector is usually triggered by a change in government leadership, followed by the development and implementation of the government's response in the form of a reform package to enact change. The aim of this study was to conduct an independent evaluation of a large-scale national government policy…

  4. Financing commercial RLVs: Considering government incentives

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Greenberg, Joel S.

    1997-01-01

    There appears to be a national goal to achieve a commercial space transportation industry that provides launch services utilizing a fleet of reusable launch vehicles (RLVs). Because of the combination of large required investment, inadequate rate of return, and perceived high risk, industry has indicated that this goal may not be achievable without government support. What form of government support will likely be necessary? Government programs and policies can effect private sector investment decisions by reducing risk perceptions, reducing capital requirements, and increasing expected rates of return. Different programs and policies will have different impacts. For example, tax policies will affect expected return on investment but are likely to have little or no effect on risk perceptions and magnitude of required investment, whereas anchor tenancy is likely to alter risk perceptions and may increase expected rates of return. This paper is concerned with the development of an approach that may be used to identify packages of government incentives that may be required to influence private sector investment decisions so as to achieve the desired goal of a commercial space transportation industry that provides launch services utilizing a fleet of RLVs. The paper discusses the relationship of government incentive programs and policies to the RLV investment decision.

  5. Clinical governance and infection control in the United Kingdom.

    PubMed

    Masterson, R G; Teare, E L

    2001-01-01

    The recent organizational changes in the NHS have at their core the concept of clinical governance. Although initially poorly defined and understood this term has now taken on a clear identity, placing quality alongside fiscal probity and corporate governance at the top of NHS priorities. Integral to clinical governance are the basic elements of clear national standards for services and treatments that are to be locally delivered through assured, monitored, high quality healthcare. It is within this framework that workers in infection control must develop their own methods of applying clinical governance. This review explores the implications that the strategy of clinical governance holds for the speciality of infection control, emphasizing the benefits its active adoption can bring and highlighting the key relevance of clinical risk management in this setting. It illustrates clinical governance as a tool to engage colleagues on a multi-disciplinary front, most particularly the crucial link to senior Trust management.

  6. 75 FR 34440 - National Assessment Governing Board: Proposed Information Collection

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-17

    ... through the use of automated collection techniques or other forms of information technology; and (5... Institutions). Use: The congressionally authorized National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reports... under the National Assessment of Educational Progress Authorization Act (Pub. L. 107-279). Among the...

  7. Global health governance as shared health governance.

    PubMed

    Ruger, Jennifer Prah

    2012-07-01

    With the exception of key 'proven successes' in global health, the current regime of global health governance can be understood as transnational and national actors pursuing their own interests under a rational actor model of international cooperation, which fails to provide sufficient justification for an obligation to assist in meeting the health needs of others. An ethical commitment to providing all with the ability to be healthy is required. This article develops select components of an alternative model of shared health governance (SHG), which aims to provide a 'road map,' 'focal points' and 'the glue' among various global health actors to better effectuate cooperation on universal ethical principles for an alternative global health equilibrium. Key features of SHG include public moral norms as shared authoritative standards; ethical commitments, shared goals and role allocation; shared sovereignty and constitutional commitments; legitimacy and accountability; country-level attention to international health relations. A framework of social agreement based on 'overlapping consensus' is contrasted against one based on self-interested political bargaining. A global health constitution delineating duties and obligations of global health actors and a global institute of health and medicine for holding actors responsible are proposed. Indicators for empirical assessment of select SHG principles are described. Global health actors, including states, must work together to correct and avert global health injustices through a framework of SHG based on shared ethical commitments.

  8. Governance for a New Era: A Blueprint for Higher Education Trustees

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schmidt, Benno C.

    2014-01-01

    "Governance for a New Era: A Blueprint for Higher Education Governance," is the product of a summit facilitated by ACTA [American Council of Trustees and Alumni] and chaired by Benno Schmidt, City University of New York Board chairman. Signatories to the statement, a diverse group of 22 distinguished national leaders, include college…

  9. Governing stem cell banks and registries: emerging issues.

    PubMed

    Isasi, Rosario M; Knoppers, Bartha M

    2009-01-01

    The expansion of national and international research efforts in stem cell research is increasingly paired with the trend of establishing stem cell banks and registries. In jurisdictions crossing the spectrum of restrictive to liberal stem cell policies, banks and registries are emerging as an essential resource for transnational access to quality-controlled and ethically sourced stem cell lines. In this study, we report the preliminary findings of a survey of stem cell banks participating in the International Stem Cell Forum's International Stem Cell Banking Initiative (ISCBI). The questionnaire circulated to all ISCBI members addressed both general issues surrounding research policies (e.g., national policies regulating the permissibility of conducting embryonic stem cell research (hESCR)) and, more specifically, issues relating to the governance of stem cell banking projects. The results of the questionnaire were complemented by scholarly research conducted by the authors. This article provides an overview of the current international hESC banking landscape (I). For this purpose, the policy and governance approaches adopted in the surveyed stem cell banks at the national level will be analyzed and areas of convergence and variance will be identified (II). It is beyond the scope of this paper to provide a comprehensive analysis of the wide range of possible governance approaches, policy responses, and their implications. However, we want to provide a starting point for discussion surrounding key questions and challenges as concerns provenance, access, and deposit of hESC lines (III). Finally, while our analysis is focused on research grade hESCs, the lessons to be gleaned from this examination will encourage further thought, analysis, and research into the issues raised in the banking and governance of other sources of stem cell lines (e.g., SCNT, parthenogenesis, iPs) (IV).

  10. Complex governance structures and incoherent policies: Implementing the EU water framework directive in Sweden.

    PubMed

    Söderberg, Charlotta

    2016-12-01

    Contemporary processes of environmental policymaking in general span over several territorial tiers. This also holds for the EU Water Framework Directive system of environmental quality standards (EQS), which are part of a complex multi-level institutional landscape, embracing both EU, national and sub-national level. Recent evaluations show that many EU member states, including Sweden, have not reached the ecological goals for water in 2015. Departing from theories on policy coherence and multi-level governance, this paper therefore analyses Swedish water governance as a case to further our understanding of policy implementation in complex governance structures: how does policy coherence (or the lack thereof) affect policy implementation in complex governance structures? To answer this question, the paper maps out the formal structure of the water governance system, focusing on power directions within the system, analyses policy coherence in Swedish water governance through mapping out policy conflicts between the EQS for water and other goals/regulations and explore how they are handled by national and sub-national water bureaucrats. The study concludes that without clear central guidance, 'good ecological status' for Swedish water will be difficult to achieve since incoherent policies makes policy implementation inefficient due to constant power struggles between different authorities, and since environmental goals are often overridden by economic and other societal goals. Further research is needed in order to explore if similar policy conflicts between water quality and other objectives occur in other EU member states and how bureaucrats handle such conflicts in different institutional settings. This study of the Swedish case indicates that the role of the state as a navigator and rudder-holder is important in order to improve policy implementation in complex governance structures - otherwise; bureaucrats risk being lost in an incoherent archipelago of

  11. The essence of governance in health development.

    PubMed

    Kirigia, Joses Muthuri; Kirigia, Doris Gatwiri

    2011-03-28

    Governance and leadership in health development are critically important for the achievement of the health Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and other national health goals. Those two factors might explain why many countries in Africa are not on track to attain the health MDGs by 2015. This paper debates the meaning of 'governance in health development', reviews briefly existing governance frameworks, proposes a modified framework on health development governance (HDG), and develops a HDG index. We argue that unlike 'leadership in health development', 'governance in health development' is the sole prerogative of the Government through the Ministry of Health, which can choose to delegate (but not abrogate) some of the governance tasks. The general governance domains of the UNDP and the World Bank are very pertinent but not sufficient for assessment of health development governance. The WHO six domains of governance do not include effective external partnerships for health, equity in health development, efficiency in resource allocation and use, ethical practises in health research and service provision, and macroeconomic and political stability. The framework for assessing health systems governance developed by Siddiqi et al also does not include macroeconomic and political stability as a separate principle. The Siddiqi et al framework does not propose a way of scoring the various governance domains to facilitate aggregation, inter-country comparisons and health development governance tracking over time.This paper argues for a broader health development governance framework because other sectors that assure human rights to education, employment, food, housing, political participation, and security combined have greater impact on health development than the health systems. It also suggests some amendments to Siddigi et al's framework to make it more relevant to the broader concept of 'governance in health development' and to the WHO African Region context. A strong

  12. The essence of governance in health development

    PubMed Central

    2011-01-01

    Background Governance and leadership in health development are critically important for the achievement of the health Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and other national health goals. Those two factors might explain why many countries in Africa are not on track to attain the health MDGs by 2015. This paper debates the meaning of 'governance in health development', reviews briefly existing governance frameworks, proposes a modified framework on health development governance (HDG), and develops a HDG index. Discussion We argue that unlike 'leadership in health development', 'governance in health development' is the sole prerogative of the Government through the Ministry of Health, which can choose to delegate (but not abrogate) some of the governance tasks. The general governance domains of the UNDP and the World Bank are very pertinent but not sufficient for assessment of health development governance. The WHO six domains of governance do not include effective external partnerships for health, equity in health development, efficiency in resource allocation and use, ethical practises in health research and service provision, and macroeconomic and political stability. The framework for assessing health systems governance developed by Siddiqi et al also does not include macroeconomic and political stability as a separate principle. The Siddiqi et al framework does not propose a way of scoring the various governance domains to facilitate aggregation, inter-country comparisons and health development governance tracking over time. This paper argues for a broader health development governance framework because other sectors that assure human rights to education, employment, food, housing, political participation, and security combined have greater impact on health development than the health systems. It also suggests some amendments to Siddigi et al's framework to make it more relevant to the broader concept of 'governance in health development' and to the WHO African

  13. History of the National Weather Service - Public Affairs - NOAA's National

    Science.gov Websites

    enter or select the go button to submit request City, St Go About NWS -Mission -Strategic Plan -History and local government web resources and services. Home >> History History of the National Weather Service The National Weather Service has its beginnings in the early history of the United States. Weather

  14. Adaptation in Collaborative Governance Regimes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Emerson, Kirk; Gerlak, Andrea K.

    2014-10-01

    Adaptation and the adaptive capacity of human and environmental systems have been of central concern to natural and social science scholars, many of whom characterize and promote the need for collaborative cross-boundary systems that are seen as flexible and adaptive by definition. Researchers who study collaborative governance systems in the public administration, planning and policy literature have paid less attention to adaptive capacity specifically and institutional adaptation in general. This paper bridges the two literatures and finds four common dimensions of capacity, including structural arrangements, leadership, knowledge and learning, and resources. In this paper, we focus on institutional adaptation in the context of collaborative governance regimes and try to clarify and distinguish collaborative capacity from adaptive capacity and their contributions to adaptive action. We posit further that collaborative capacities generate associated adaptive capacities thereby enabling institutional adaptation within collaborative governance regimes. We develop these distinctions and linkages between collaborative and adaptive capacities with the help of an illustrative case study in watershed management within the National Estuary Program.

  15. Partnerships between government and industry

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mitchell, G.R.

    1995-12-31

    The author describes the future as one of unprecedented change as industry and other institutions become immersed in a system of global commerce driven by fast moving technologies that had their origin in the United States. These trends are expected to intensify as the pace of scientific and technological discovery and innovation continues unabated. The end of the Cold War is viewed as an opportunity to position the United States for leadership in this rapidly changing environment. The role of science and technology in achieving sustained economic growth and improved competitiveness and to address what government can do to helpmore » the process along is examined in detail. Statistical data on globalization of trade and market shares of various countries is given along with the participation by multi-national corporations. The historical aspects of technology ages and their development are discussed along with the history of government technology policy. New policies will improve the climate for innovation with government, industry, and the academic community developing interactive and supportive roles. 22 figs.« less

  16. 45 CFR 2551.71 - What requirements govern the assignment of Senior Companions?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false What requirements govern the assignment of Senior...) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE SENIOR COMPANION PROGRAM Senior Companion Placements and Assignments § 2551.71 What requirements govern the assignment of Senior Companions? (a) Senior Companion...

  17. The Advantages of Teaching American Government

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Botsch, Robert E.; Botsch, Carol S.

    2015-01-01

    Many arguments support mandating American National Government for undergraduates. South Carolina is one of the few states with such a legal mandate, but the law is badly flawed. We briefly review the history of a failed 1994 effort by the SC Political Science Association to improve the law and encourage implementation. We examine the impact of an…

  18. 22 CFR 51.7 - Passport property of the U.S. Government.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Passport property of the U.S. Government. 51.7 Section 51.7 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE NATIONALITY AND PASSPORTS PASSPORTS General § 51.7 Passport property of the U.S. Government. (a) A passport at all times remains the property of the United...

  19. 22 CFR 51.7 - Passport property of the U.S. Government.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Passport property of the U.S. Government. 51.7 Section 51.7 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE NATIONALITY AND PASSPORTS PASSPORTS General § 51.7 Passport property of the U.S. Government. (a) A passport at all times remains the property of the United...

  20. 22 CFR 51.7 - Passport property of the U.S. Government.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Passport property of the U.S. Government. 51.7 Section 51.7 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE NATIONALITY AND PASSPORTS PASSPORTS General § 51.7 Passport property of the U.S. Government. (a) A passport at all times remains the property of the United...

  1. 22 CFR 51.7 - Passport property of the U.S. Government.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Passport property of the U.S. Government. 51.7 Section 51.7 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE NATIONALITY AND PASSPORTS PASSPORTS General § 51.7 Passport property of the U.S. Government. (a) A passport at all times remains the property of the United...

  2. 22 CFR 51.7 - Passport property of the U.S. Government.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Passport property of the U.S. Government. 51.7 Section 51.7 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE NATIONALITY AND PASSPORTS PASSPORTS General § 51.7 Passport property of the U.S. Government. (a) A passport at all times remains the property of the United...

  3. The development of English primary care group governance. A scenario analysis.

    PubMed

    Sheaff, R

    1999-01-01

    At present there is a policy vacuum about what English Primary Care Groups' (PCGs) governance will be when they develop into Primary Care Trusts (PCTs). Draft legislation leaves many options open, so PCT governance is likely to 'emerge' as PCTs are created. It also remains uncertain how general practitioners (GPs) will react to the formation of PCTs and how the UK government will then respond in turn. A scenario analysis suggests three possible lines of development. The base (likeliest) scenario predicts a mainly networked form of PCT governance. An alternative scenario is of PCT governance resembling the former National Health Service internal market. A third scenario predicts 'franchise model' PCTs employing some GPs and subcontracting others. To different degrees all three scenarios predict that PCTs will retain elements of networked governance. If it fails to make GPs as accountable to NHS management as the UK government wishes, networked governance may prove only a transitional stage before English PCTs adopt either quasi-market or hierarchical governance.

  4. Essays on Public Documents and Government Policies (3).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Morehead, Joe

    1986-01-01

    Eight essays on government documents examine a variety of subjects--the publication "Policy and Supporting Positions," Supreme Court and separation of powers rulings, private legislation, environmental information, publications of the Department of Education, physical fitness, and national cemeteries. (EM)

  5. National pilot audit of intermediate care.

    PubMed

    Hutchinson, Tom; Young, John; Forsyth, Duncan

    2011-04-01

    The National Service Framework for Older People resulted in the widespread introduction of intermediate care (IC) services. However, although these services have shared common aims, there has been considerable diversity in their staffing, organisation and delivery. Concerns have been raised regarding the clinical governance of IC with a paucity of data to evaluate the effectiveness, quality and safety of these services. This paper presents the results of a national pilot audit of IC services focusing particularly on clinical governance issues. The results confirm these concerns and provide support for a larger scale national audit of IC services to monitor and improve care quality.

  6. Helping the public find information the U.S. Government Information Locator Service (GILS)

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Christian, E.J.

    1994-01-01

    As part of the National Information Infrastructure, the U.S. federal government is establishing a Government Information Locator Service (GILS). GILS will identify and describe public information resources throughout the federal government and provide assistance in obtaining the information. It will be decentralized and will supplement other agency and commercial information dissemination mechanisms. The public will use GILS directly or through intermediaries, including the Government Printing Office and the National Technical Information Service, as well as federal depository libraries, other public libraries, and private sector information services. Direct users will have access to a GILS Core accessible on the Internet without charge. Intermediate access may include kiosks, 800 numbers, electronic mail, bulletin boards, FAX, and offline media such as floppy disks, CD-ROM, and printed works. GILS will use network technology and the American National Standards Institute Z39.50 standard for information search and retrieval so that information can be retrieved in a variety of ways. Direct users may have access to many other major federal and nonfederal information resources, linkages to data systems, and electronic delivery of information products. An Office of Management and Budget Bulletin in 1994 will provide implementing guidance to agencies. The National Institute of Standards and Technology will also establish a Federal Information Processing Standard specifying a GILS Profile and its application for agencies establishing information locators. ?? 1994.

  7. Working Beyond the Academy: The Federal Government.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Edwards, J. David

    2000-01-01

    Reports that policymakers are redefining national security to include greater emphasis on commerce, economics, and global competitiveness and are beginning to recognize the importance of cross-cultural communication and international knowledge. Predicts that in the government sector, there will be a greater number of positions at higher levels for…

  8. African Union: Towards Good Governance, Peace and Security

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-03-15

    While good governance, peace and security remain individual state responsibilities, they constitute the main pillars of Africa’s political stability and...African national leadership to drive this process.2 Political stability itself requires strong state institutional capabilities to ensure continuity

  9. 32 CFR 806.20 - Records of non-U.S. government source.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION AIR FORCE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 806.20 Records of non-U.S. government source. (a...-mail address of: their own FOIA office point of contact; the Air Force record OPR point of contact, the... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Records of non-U.S. government source. 806.20...

  10. 32 CFR 806.20 - Records of non-U.S. government source.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION AIR FORCE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 806.20 Records of non-U.S. government source. (a...-mail address of: their own FOIA office point of contact; the Air Force record OPR point of contact, the... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Records of non-U.S. government source. 806.20...

  11. 32 CFR 806.20 - Records of non-U.S. government source.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION AIR FORCE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 806.20 Records of non-U.S. government source. (a...-mail address of: their own FOIA office point of contact; the Air Force record OPR point of contact, the... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Records of non-U.S. government source. 806.20...

  12. 32 CFR 806.20 - Records of non-U.S. government source.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Records of non-U.S. government source. 806.20... ADMINISTRATION AIR FORCE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 806.20 Records of non-U.S. government source. (a... notify their MAJCOM (or equivalent) FOIA office, in writing, via fax or e-mail when the Department of...

  13. 32 CFR 806.20 - Records of non-U.S. government source.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Records of non-U.S. government source. 806.20... ADMINISTRATION AIR FORCE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 806.20 Records of non-U.S. government source. (a... notify their MAJCOM (or equivalent) FOIA office, in writing, via fax or e-mail when the Department of...

  14. The Government Information Locator Service (GILS)

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Christian, E.

    1996-01-01

    In coordination with the Information Infrastructure Task Force (IITF), the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is promoting the establishment of an agency-based Government Information Locator Service (GILS) to help the public locate and access information throughout the Federal Government. This report presents a vision of how GILS will be implemented. Working primarily with OMB and the Locator Subgroup of the Interagency Working Group on Public Access, Eliot Christian of the US Geological Survey prepared this report under the auspices of the IITF Committee on Information Policy. This vision of GILS has also received extensive review by various Federal agencies and other interested parties, including some non-Federal organizations and by the general public through notices in both the Federal Register and the Commerce Business Daily and at a public meeting held in December, 1993. As part of the Federal role in the National Information Infrastructure, GILS will identify and describe information resources throughout the Federal government, and provide assistance in obtaining the information. It will be decentralized and will supplement other agency and commercial information dissemination mechanisms. The public will use GILS directly or through intermediaries, such as the Government Printing Office, the National Technical Information Service, the Federal depository libraries, other public libraries, and private sector information services. Direct users will have access to a GILS Core accessible on the Internet without charge. Intermediate access may include kiosks, "800 numbers", electronic mail, bulletin boards, fax, and off-line media such as floppy disks, CD-ROM, and printed works. GILS will use standard network technology and the American National Standards Institute Z39.50 standard for information search and retrieval so that information can be retrieved in a variety of ways. Direct users will eventually have access to many other Federal and non

  15. 32 CFR 1702.3 - Procedures governing acceptance of service of process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE PROCEDURES GOVERNING THE ACCEPTANCE OF SERVICE OF PROCESS § 1702... Intelligence, Office of General Counsel, Washington, DC 20511, and the envelope must be conspicuously marked... capacity. Except for the DNI, the Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence, and the Director of...

  16. 32 CFR 1702.3 - Procedures governing acceptance of service of process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE PROCEDURES GOVERNING THE ACCEPTANCE OF SERVICE OF PROCESS § 1702... Intelligence, Office of General Counsel, Washington, DC 20511, and the envelope must be conspicuously marked... capacity. Except for the DNI, the Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence, and the Director of...

  17. 32 CFR 1702.3 - Procedures governing acceptance of service of process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE PROCEDURES GOVERNING THE ACCEPTANCE OF SERVICE OF PROCESS § 1702... Intelligence, Office of General Counsel, Washington, DC 20511, and the envelope must be conspicuously marked... capacity. Except for the DNI, the Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence, and the Director of...

  18. 32 CFR 1702.3 - Procedures governing acceptance of service of process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE PROCEDURES GOVERNING THE ACCEPTANCE OF SERVICE OF PROCESS § 1702... Intelligence, Office of General Counsel, Washington, DC 20511, and the envelope must be conspicuously marked... capacity. Except for the DNI, the Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence, and the Director of...

  19. 32 CFR 1702.3 - Procedures governing acceptance of service of process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE PROCEDURES GOVERNING THE ACCEPTANCE OF SERVICE OF PROCESS § 1702... Intelligence, Office of General Counsel, Washington, DC 20511, and the envelope must be conspicuously marked... capacity. Except for the DNI, the Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence, and the Director of...

  20. The National Map Pilot Projects

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    ,

    2002-01-01

    The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is developing The National Map to be a seamless, continuously maintained, and nationally consistent set of online, public domain, geographic base information. The National Map will serve as a foundation for integrating, sharing, and using other government and private sector data easily and consistently.

  1. Towards a National Nutrition Policy: Nutrition and Government.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs.

    Experts testifying at the National Nutrition Policy study hearings on June 19-21, 1974 in Washington, at the invitation of the Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs, recommended several steps which the committee staff feel merit a prompt Congressional response. This report prepared by staff incorporates those recommendations,…

  2. 76 FR 43286 - National Assessment Governing Board; Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-20

    ... levels for each grade and subject tested, developing standards and procedures for interstate and national... in closed session to review secure test items for the 2012 Economics assessment at grade 12 and the... meeting the ADC will complete their review of secure NAEP test items for the 2012 Economics assessment at...

  3. Health in All Policies (HiAP) governance: lessons from network governance.

    PubMed

    Khayatzadeh-Mahani, Akram; Ruckert, Arne; Labonté, Ronald; Kenis, Patrick; Akbari-Javar, Mohammad Reza

    2018-05-25

    The Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach requires formal and sustained governance structures and mechanisms to ensure that the policies of various non-health sectors maximize positive and minimize negative impacts on population health. In this paper, we demonstrate the usefulness of a network perspective in understanding and contributing to the effectiveness of HiAP. We undertook an exploratory, qualitative case study of a HiAP structure in Iran, the Kerman province Council of Health and Food Security (CHFS) with diverse members from health and non-health sectors. We analyzed relevant policy texts and interviewed 32 policy actors involved in the CHFS. Data were analyzed using within-case analysis and constant comparative methodology. Our findings suggest that CHFS governance from a network perspective drew in practice on elements of two competing network governance modes: the network administrative organization (NAO) and the lead organization mode. Our results also show that a shift from a hierarchical and market-based mode of interaction to a network logic within CHFS has not yet taken place. In addition, CHFS suffers from large membership and an inability to address complex 'wicked problems', as well as low trust, legitimacy and goal consensus among its members. Drawing on other HiAP studies and commentaries, insights from organization network theory, and in-depth findings from our case study, we conclude that a NAO may be the most effective mode of governance for tackling complex social problems in HiAP structures. Since similar studies are limited, and our single case study may not be transferable across all contexts, we suggest that further research be undertaken to explore HiAP structures from a network perspective in different institutional and cultural settings. With increasing emphasis given to HiAP approaches in national and international health policy discourse, it is important that comparative knowledge about the effectiveness of HiAP governance

  4. 2016 National Earthquake Conference

    Science.gov Websites

    Thank you to our Presenting Sponsor, California Earthquake Authority. What's New? What's Next ? What's Your Role in Building a National Strategy? The National Earthquake Conference (NEC) is a , state government leaders, social science practitioners, U.S. State and Territorial Earthquake Managers

  5. The Incorporation of National Universities in Japan: Initial Reactions of the New National University Corporations

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Oba, Jun

    2005-01-01

    In April 2004, all national universities, which had previously been legally subordinate to MEXT (Ministry of Education, Sports and Culture), were given a legal personality and became "National University Corporations". With this change, each national university now enjoys greater autonomy vis-a-vis the government in terms of how it uses…

  6. Government-NGO collaboration and sustainability of orphans and vulnerable children projects in southern Africa.

    PubMed

    Rosenberg, Alana; Hartwig, Kari; Merson, Michael

    2008-02-01

    Given current donor attention to orphans and children made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS, and the need for a new framework that recognizes the complementary roles of nations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), this analysis reviews NGO-operated community-based orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) projects in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Swaziland. There has been a lack of attention within the field of evaluation to inter-organizational relationships, specifically those with government agencies, as a factor in sustainability. We analyzed evaluations of nine OVC projects funded by the Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation for the influence of government-NGO collaboration on project sustainability. For eight of the nine projects, evaluations provided evidence of the importance of the government partnership for sustainability. Government collaboration was important in projects designed to help families access government grants, initiate community-based solutions, and advocate for OVC rights through legislation. Government partnerships were also critical to the sustainability of two projects involved in placing children in foster care, but these showed signs of tension with government partners. In addition to the more common factors associated with sustainability, such as organizational characteristics, donors and NGOs should concentrate on developing strong partnerships with local and national government agencies for the sustainability of their projects.

  7. GOVERNING GENETIC DATABASES: COLLECTION, STORAGE AND USE

    PubMed Central

    Gibbons, Susan M.C.; Kaye, Jane

    2008-01-01

    This paper provides an introduction to a collection of five papers, published as a special symposium journal issue, under the title: “Governing Genetic Databases: Collection, Storage and Use”. It begins by setting the scene, to provide a backdrop and context for the papers. It describes the evolving scientific landscape around genetic databases and genomic research, particularly within the biomedical and criminal forensic investigation fields. It notes the lack of any clear, coherent or coordinated legal governance regime, either at the national or international level. It then identifies and reflects on key cross-cutting issues and themes that emerge from the five papers, in particular: terminology and definitions; consent; special concerns around population genetic databases (biobanks) and forensic databases; international harmonisation; data protection; data access; boundary-setting; governance; and issues around balancing individual interests against public good values. PMID:18841252

  8. 36 CFR 228.43 - Policy governing disposal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... policy is to make mineral materials on National Forest lands available to the public and to local, State... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Policy governing disposal. 228.43 Section 228.43 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE...

  9. 36 CFR 228.43 - Policy governing disposal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... policy is to make mineral materials on National Forest lands available to the public and to local, State... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Policy governing disposal. 228.43 Section 228.43 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE...

  10. 36 CFR 228.43 - Policy governing disposal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... policy is to make mineral materials on National Forest lands available to the public and to local, State... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Policy governing disposal. 228.43 Section 228.43 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE...

  11. 36 CFR 228.43 - Policy governing disposal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... policy is to make mineral materials on National Forest lands available to the public and to local, State... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Policy governing disposal. 228.43 Section 228.43 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE...

  12. 36 CFR 228.43 - Policy governing disposal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... policy is to make mineral materials on National Forest lands available to the public and to local, State... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Policy governing disposal. 228.43 Section 228.43 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE...

  13. Translating Governance Ideas in Danish Higher Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Degn, Lise

    2015-01-01

    Many of the same ideas seem to crop up repeatedly in the higher education governance reform wave in recent decades, with accountability, flexibility, and strategic capacity being a few of the common concepts. Several studies have shown, however, that national higher education systems receive these inputs very differently, leading to dissimilar…

  14. Online Presentations of Research on Adult Literacy: Government Websites as Learning Spaces

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jacobson, Erik

    2009-01-01

    This article presents a review of seven national governments' online collections of adult literacy-related research. This study explored the type of learning associated with official web spaces by asking the following research questions: (1) What kind of research do these governments present on their websites? (2) How is the presentation…

  15. The Adoption of Technological Innovations by Municipal Governments.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Feller, Irwin; Menzel, Donald C.

    1978-01-01

    Data on the adoption of 43 technological innovations in four service delivery areas were obtained from nationally representative samples of municipal governments. The service delivery areas included fire fighting, solid waste collection and disposal, traffic control, and air pollution control. (Author/RLV)

  16. Iraq: Politics, Governance, and Human Rights

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-02-05

    3 December 15, 2005, Elections Establish the First Full-Term Goverment ...First Full-Term Goverment The December 15, 2005, elections were for a full-term (four-year) national government (also in line with the schedule laid...and Social Affairs, Ministry of Planning, and Tourism and Antiquities, as well as one of two deputy COR speakerships. An INA technocrat, Abd al Karim

  17. Sandia National Laboratories: National Security Missions: Defense Systems

    Science.gov Websites

    Technology Partnerships Business, Industry, & Non-Profits Government Universities Center for Development Agreement (CRADA) Strategic Partnership Projects, Non-Federal Entity (SPP/NFE) Agreements New leadership for the national security community by delivering cutting-edge experimental and operational sensor

  18. [Government management and society: information, technology and scientific output].

    PubMed

    Ribeiro, Patrícia; Sophia, Daniela Carvalho; Grigório, Deise de Araújo

    2007-01-01

    The complexity of government tasks today suggests that virtual interaction processes that could streamline flows and exchanges of information between governments and society in public policymaking may contribute to more effective intervention that is more closely attuned to the heterogeneity and diversity of social problems. Innovative participatory government administration initiatives have proliferated, together with the extension of public control over government actions, handled through by information technologies. Exploring this field, this paper identifies some key issues for better demarcation and qualification of such initiatives in public sector management, based on the authors' own experience in leading an institutional project designed to empower the political, technical, and communicative participation of society in discussions of the implementation of the Unified National Health System in Brazil. Based on a review of the literature analyzing the links among information, technology, development, and democracy, and particularly with regard to social management, this paper systematizes aspects for consideration drawn from in experiences of interactions between government and society, mediated by scientific knowledge, fostering greater transparency and plurality of views in government management.

  19. 76 FR 56504 - Proposed Information Collection (Claim for Disability Insurance Benefits, Government Life...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-13

    ... for Disability Insurance Benefits, Government Life Insurance) Activity: Comment Request. AGENCY... for Disability Insurance Benefits, Government Life Insurance, VA Form 29-357. OMB Control Number: 2900... VA Form 29-357 to file a claim for disability insurance on National Service Life Insurance and United...

  20. The Governance of Curriculum. 1994 Yearbook of the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Elmore, Richard F., Ed.; Fuhrman, Susan H., Ed.

    The United States is moving toward a more national, performance-based view of curriculum policy. The federal government will play a modest role in nationalizing curriculum policy issues, largely by pressuring states and localities through national standards. The chief agents of nationalization will continue to be state and locally based…

  1. Mayoral Governance and Student Achievement: How Mayor-Led Districts Are Improving School and Student Performance

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wong, Kenneth K.; Shen, Francis X.

    2013-01-01

    Mayoral control and accountability is one of very few major education reforms that aim at governance coherence in this nation's highly fragmented urban school systems. A primary feature of mayoral governance is that it holds the office of the mayor accountable for school performance. As an institutional redesign, mayoral governance integrates…

  2. 76 FR 3089 - Roundtable on Federal Government Engagement in Standards

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-19

    ... of a Smart Grid, secure and interoperable electronic health records, cybersecurity, cloud computing... government engage in sectors where there is a compelling national interest? How are existing public- private...

  3. The relationship between external and local governance systems: the case of health care associated infections and medication errors in one NHS trust.

    PubMed

    Ramsay, Angus; Magnusson, Carin; Fulop, Naomi

    2010-12-01

    'Organisational governance'--the systems, processes, behaviours and cultures by which an organisation leads and controls its functions to achieve its objectives--is seen as an important influence on patient safety. The features of 'good' governance remain to be established, partly because the relationship between governance and safety requires more investigation. To describe external governance systems--for example, national targets and regulatory bodies--and an NHS Trust's formal governance systems for Health Care Associated Infections (HCAIs) and medication errors; to consider the relationships between these systems. External governance systems and formal internal governance systems for both medication errors and HCAIs were analysed based on documentary analysis and interviews with relevant hospital staff. Nationally, HCAIs appeared to be a higher priority than medication errors, reflected in national targets and the focus of regulatory bodies. Locally, HCAIs were found to be the focus of committees at all levels of the organisation and, unlike medication errors, a central component of the Trust's performance management system; medication errors were discussed in appropriate governance committees, but most governance of medication errors took place at divisional or ward level. The data suggest a relationship between national and local prioritisation of the safety issues examined: national targets on HCAIs influence the behaviour of regulators and professional organisations; and these, in turn, have a significant impact on Trust activity. A contributory factor might be that HCAIs are more amenable to measurement than medication errors, meaning HCAIs lend themselves better to target-setting.

  4. Career Education for Adults: Government and Law.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Auburn Univ., AL. Dept. of Vocational and Adult Education.

    An outgrowth of State-sponsored institutes conducted by Auburn University, Alabama, to produce career education teaching modules for adults, the government and law module is one of five field-tested curriculum guides adopted from findings of the nationally oriented Adult Performance Level Study conducted at the University of Texas. (Basic to the…

  5. National Transportation Statistics (Annual Report, 1995)

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1995-11-01

    National Transportation Statistics is a compendium of selected national transportation and transportation-related statistics from a wide variety of government and private sources. The data illustrate transportation activity for the major transportati...

  6. National Transportation Statistics (Annual Report, 1996)

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1995-11-01

    National Transportation Statistics is a compendium of selected national transportation and transportation-related statistics from a wide variety of government and private sources. The data illustrate transportation activity for the major transportati...

  7. National Transportation Statistics (Annual Report, 1997)

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1997-12-01

    National Transportation Statistics is a compendium of selected national transportation and transportation-related statistics from a wide variety of government and private sources. The data illustrate transportation activity for the major transportati...

  8. National Transportation Statistics (Annual Report, 1977)

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1979-01-01

    National Transportation Statistics is a compendium of selected national transportation and transportation-related statistics from a wide variety of government and private sources. The data illustrate transportation activity for the major transportati...

  9. What governs governance, and how does it evolve? The sociology of governance-in-action.

    PubMed

    Fox, Nick J; Ward, Katie J

    2008-09-01

    Governance addresses a wide range of issues including social, economic and political continuity, security and integrity, individual and collective safety and the liberty and rights to self-actualization of citizens. Questions to be answered include how governance can be achieved and sustained within a social context imbued with cultural values and in which power is distributed unevenly and dynamically, and how governance impacts on individuals and institutions. Drawing on Gramscian notions of hegemony and consent, and recent political science literatures on regulation and meta-regulation, this paper develops a sociological model of governance that emphasizes a dynamic and responsive governance in action. Empirical data from a study of pharmaceutical governance is used to show how multiple institutions and actors are involved in sustaining effective governance. The model addresses issues of how governance is sustained in the face of change, why governance of practices varies from setting to setting, and how governance is achieved without legislation.

  10. 7 CFR 1220.114 - National nonprofit producer-governed organization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE SOYBEAN PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order... by a Board of directors of agricultural producers representing soybean producers on a national basis; ...

  11. 7 CFR 1220.114 - National nonprofit producer-governed organization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE SOYBEAN PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order... by a Board of directors of agricultural producers representing soybean producers on a national basis; ...

  12. Managing Information Resources: New Directions in State Government.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Caudle, Sharon L.; Marchand, Donald A.

    1990-01-01

    Describes a national survey of management policies and practices applied to information and information technology in state government. Management approaches and trends are discussed in the areas of data processing, telecommunications, office automation, records management, state library services, policy formation, budgeting and accounting,…

  13. Space - It's not just for governments anymore

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stone, Barbara A.; Kleber, Peter

    1992-01-01

    Space initiatives have traditionally been in the exclusive domain of national government. Over the last decades, this has begun to change dramatically as commercial development of space has attracted increasing international attention. Businesses in at least 20 countries worldwide now engage in some form of space commerce. These businesses, which range from strictly entrepreneurial to government corporations, are seeking to do business in every commercial space sector. This paper details the current status and prospects for the future of space commerce in the United States and Europe, focusing on the programs of France, Germany, and Italy. Included are analyses of representative successes and failures of these activities.

  14. National Transportation Statistics (Annual Report, 1992)

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1992-06-01

    The "National Transportation Statistics" (NTS) Annual Report is a compendium of selected national transportation, and transportation-related energy data from a wide variety of government and private sources. The data illustrate transportation activit...

  15. 40 CFR 85.1708 - National security exemption.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false National security exemption. 85.1708... Vehicle Engines § 85.1708 National security exemption. A manufacturer requesting a national security... agency of the Federal Government charged with responsibility for national defense. [39 FR 32611, Sept. 10...

  16. 48 CFR 225.7303-3 - Government-to-government agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Government-to-government... Military Sales 225.7303-3 Government-to-government agreements. If a government-to-government agreement between the United States and a foreign government for the sale, coproduction, or cooperative logistic...

  17. 48 CFR 225.7303-3 - Government-to-government agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Government-to-government... Military Sales 225.7303-3 Government-to-government agreements. If a government-to-government agreement between the United States and a foreign government for the sale, coproduction, or cooperative logistic...

  18. 48 CFR 225.7303-3 - Government-to-government agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Government-to-government... Military Sales 225.7303-3 Government-to-government agreements. If a government-to-government agreement between the United States and a foreign government for the sale, coproduction, or cooperative logistic...

  19. 48 CFR 225.7303-3 - Government-to-government agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Government-to-government... Military Sales 225.7303-3 Government-to-government agreements. If a government-to-government agreement between the United States and a foreign government for the sale, coproduction, or cooperative logistic...

  20. State Education Finance and Governance Profile: Tennessee

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Krause, Mike

    2010-01-01

    This article presents the state education finance and governance profile of Tennessee. The 17th largest state, Tennessee is home to 2.01% of the nation's inhabitants. Funding of K-12 education in Tennessee is accomplished via a formula known as the Basic Educational Program (BEP). This plan primarily utilizes school district enrollment numbers to…

  1. Universities and Government in Post-War Japan

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Yamamoto, Shinichi

    2004-01-01

    Japan's higher education system, in which private universities and colleges play an important part, has embarked on far-reaching reform in the 1990s. Its main objective was to free the national (public) universities from tight control by the central government and to give them more autonomy. In light of dramatic demographic changes, especially a…

  2. Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-03-02

    three provinces of the Ottoman empire after British forces defeated the Ottomans in World War I and took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain...imported by government from national funds. Sources: CIA The World Factbook; State Department International Religions Freedom Report, September 2008...attributed restrictions on the free exercise of religion (by religious minorities) to “terrorists, extremists, and criminal gangs,” while praising the

  3. Government funding for HIV not keeping pace with epidemic.

    PubMed

    1999-05-14

    In April 1999, UNAIDS warned that government spending has failed to keep up with the global spread of AIDS. Although the U.S. is the largest funder of international AIDS programs among industrialized nations, Norway and the Netherlands ranked first and second, respectively, with respect to the portion of their gross national product spent on these programs. The United States gave only $17 for each $1 million of its gross national product, compared with Norway's $93 and the Netherlands' $92 per $1 million. UNAIDS executive director Peter Piot cautioned that, in order to effectively improve conditions in developing nations, more must be invested in the fight against AIDS.

  4. Afghan Sub-National Governance: Enabling Success by 2014

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-03-15

    Afghan confidence wanes due to mistrust, ineffective decision-making, and evidence of unethical and morally bankrupt behavior by Afghan leaders...known in Afghanistan and are often accused of extortion, murder, theft, bribery , and drug smuggling. Their tentacles of influence reach deep into the...59% of Afghans experience bribery (baksheesh) daily.65 National level corruption on a grand scale is beyond the scope of this paper and but

  5. Anticipating and preventing pollution -- How governments in Canada are meeting the challenge of pollution prevention

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wilkes, B.D.

    1997-12-31

    Provincial, territorial governments in Canada, along with the federal government, are putting in place innovative, interesting programs that are aimed at implementing pollution prevention. All governments, through the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, have reached a consensus on the meaning of pollution prevention, and have adopted a national strategy to guide program development within each jurisdiction. Pollution prevention holds the promise of improving environmental protection and at the same time relieving regulatory burdens. This paper will trace the development of the consensus in Canada over the direction being taken by governments on pollution prevention, outline the principal programsmore » now underway within selected jurisdictions, and look at some of the institutional and policy responses that have been developed to address key challenges. Among these are shifting the culture in government and industry from control to prevention, and finding effective ways of building prevention into government permitting and licensing. The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) is the major intergovernmental forum in Canada for discussion and joint action on environmental issues of national and international concern. It is comprised of environment ministers from the federal, provincial and territorial governments.« less

  6. National Assessment Technical Quality.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chelimsky, Eleanor

    In 1991 the National Assessment Governing Board (NAGB) released a report interpreting the achievement of U.S. students in mathematics on the 1990 National Assessment of Educational Progress in terms of a set of performance standards. The NAGB had been designing and implementing an approach to defining basic, proficient, and advanced levels of…

  7. Science and Art in the National Parks

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Clary, Renee

    2016-01-01

    This year marks the U.S. National Park Service's 100th anniversary. Although the nation's first national park--Yellowstone--dates to 1872, the government organization protecting and administering the national parks was founded just a hundred years ago, in 1916. Many U.S. national parks were established to preserve their unique geology or biology.…

  8. Financial Audit: 1997 Consolidates Financial Statements of the United States Government

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1998-03-01

    For the first time in the nation’s history, the federal government has prepared consolidated financial statements that have been subjected to an...independent audit. In accordance with the Chief Financial Officers Act, consolidated financial statements for fiscal year 1997 were prepared by the...affect the reliability of the consolidated financial statements and much of the underlying financial information. They also affect the government’s

  9. Scientific Openness and National Security at the National Laboratories

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McTague, John

    2000-04-01

    The possible loss to the People's Republic of China of important U.S. nuclear-weapons-related information has aroused concern about interactions of scientists employed by the national laboratories with foreign nationals. As a result, the National Academies assembled a committee to examine the roles of the national laboratories, the contribution of foreign interactions to the fulfillment of those roles, the risks and benefits of scientific openness in this context, and the merits and liabilities of the specific policies being implemented or proposed with respect to contacts with foreign nationals. The committee concluded that there are many aspects of the work at the laboratories that benefit from or even demand the opportunity for foreign interactions. The committee recommended five principles for guiding policy: (1) Maintain balance. Policy governing international dialogue by laboratory staff should seek to encourage international engagement in some areas, while tightly controlling it in others. (2) Educate staff. Security procedures should be clear, easy to follow, and serve an understandable purpose. (3) Streamline procedures. Good science is compatible with good security if there is intelligent line management both at the labs and in Washington, which applies effective tools for security in a sensible fashion. (4) Focus efforts. DOE should focus its efforts governing tightened security for information. The greatest attention should obviously be provided to the protection of classified information by appropriate physical and cybersecurity measures, and by personnel procedures and training. (5) Beware of prejudice against foreigners. Over the past half-century foreign-born individuals have contributed broadly and profoundly to national security through their work at the national laboratories.

  10. 76 FR 40383 - National Institutes of Health

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-08

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing AGENCY: Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, HHS. ACTION: Notice... the indicated licensing contact at the Office of Technology Transfer, National Institutes of Health...

  11. A framework for profiling the characteristics of risk governance in natural hazard contexts

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Walker, G.; Tweed, F.; Whittle, R.

    2014-01-01

    Over recent decades there have been moves away from traditional forms of government towards broader practices of "governance". These moves are as relevant to the handling of natural hazards as they are to other societal concerns. Key characteristics of such changes include the emergence of multi-level governance processes, shifts away from the exercise of centralised authority towards the involvement and collaboration of a multiplicity of actors, the creation of new forms of authority and control, and changing distributions of responsibilities between the state and other actors. However, the extent to which these shifts have taken place across the varied national contexts in Europe and can be observed specifically in relation to the governance of natural hazards is not at all clear. Such developments may also be evaluated in different ways; where some might see progressive reforms, others might see damaging undermining of established arrangements. In this paper, we propose a risk governance profiling framework that can be used to draw out the key characteristics of the ways in which natural hazards are governed in a particular governance setting. The framework can be flexibly applied in relation to a specific hazard and national, regional or local context, and enables qualitative profiling across a spectrum of eight key governance characteristics. Past trends and likely future changes can also be represented. We discuss the formulation of this framework as well as giving examples of profiles for different hazards in different parts of Europe. We suggest ways in which comparisons can be made between governance profiles, providing a stimulus and focus for debate and discussion around the trends of change in governance practice that have been, and are continuing, to take place.

  12. Blaming the Government for Environmental Problems: A Multilevel and Cross-National Analysis of the Relationship between Trust in Government and Local and Global Environmental Concerns

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cin, Cigdem Kentmen

    2013-01-01

    Although the determinants of trust in governments have received significant attention in the literature on political trust, there has been no attention paid to whether environmental concerns affect governmental trust. Yet, if individuals are worried about local and global environmental degradation, they may think that the government has failed in…

  13. Game analysis among the central government, local governments, and firms in China’s environmental pollution governance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Shuwen; Xu, Jin

    2018-05-01

    China’s environmental pollution governance has entered the game stage centered on interests, and there are three main bodies in environmental pollution governance: the central government, local governments and firms. The research firstly reveals the relationships among the central government, local governments, and firms in the process of environmental governance, and then analyzes the game among the central government, local governments and firms using game theory in Economics. Finally, the research makes a conclusion and proposes some corresponding policy proposals so as to solve the problem of environmental pollution.

  14. Traveling With Success: How Local Governments Use Intelligent Transportation Systems

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1995-01-01

    The federal government, through the U.S. Department of Transportation, has launched a national campaign to integrate application of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies. This initiative provides the building blocks needed to combine ...

  15. 76 FR 51376 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-18

    ... improved planning in treatment regimen. Development Stage: In vivo data available (human). Inventors... opportunity for the rapid development of new, better tolerated treatments for the most prevalent human... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health Government-Owned Inventions...

  16. A First Nations voice in the present creates healing in the future.

    PubMed

    MacKinnon, Melanie

    2005-01-01

    This paper discusses the urgency for change and improvements in health policy determined by the exploding demographics and inequities in the health status of First Nation people. A historical overview of health services for First Nation clients was conducted as set out through government legislation and health and social policies. Until WWII ended, the federal government provided assistance to First Nations through Indian Affairs branches of several departments. This responsibility was gradually transferred to National Health and Welfare. In 1962, the federal government established a Medical Services Branch, later renamed First Nations and Inuit Health Branch, and mandated to provide services to First Nation clients, which fell outside the provincial jurisdiction of health care. Initially centered on public health priorities, services have expanded to include primary health care, dental, mental health, environmental health, home and continuing care, and Non-Insured Health Benefits. The Romanow Report substantiated the urgency for health policy improvements voiced by many First Nations. However, it generalized Aboriginal issues in health care on a national front. Furthermore, its recommendations were specific to health care providers and delivery models and did not address the social and spiritual determinants of health, which are fundamental to a First Nations' holistic approach. Health planners must think holistically, considering traditional and westernized medicine, First Nations' values, priorities and government systems, and present and evolving health systems. Universities, health authorities, provinces and the federal government are continually developing new research and health models, which will also need consideration. Further, the imperative of involving community-level input must be recognized.

  17. Indigenous Nations' Responses to Climate Change

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Grossman, Zoltan

    2008-01-01

    On August 1st, 2007, Indigenous nations from within the United States, Canada, Australia, and Aotearoa (New Zealand) signed a treaty to found the United League of Indigenous Nations. The Treaty of Indigenous Nations offers a historic opportunity for sovereign Indigenous governments to build intertribal cooperation outside the framework of the…

  18. 49 CFR 173.7 - Government operations and materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... materials offered for transportation by, for, or to the Department of Defense (DOD) of the U.S. Government... Department of Defense (DOD), for the purpose of national security, and which are escorted by personnel... Regulatory Commission. (e) Class 1 (explosive) materials owned by the Department of Defense and packaged...

  19. 49 CFR 173.7 - Government operations and materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... materials offered for transportation by, for, or to the Department of Defense (DOD) of the U.S. Government... Department of Defense (DOD), for the purpose of national security, and which are escorted by personnel... Regulatory Commission. (e) Class 1 (explosive) materials owned by the Department of Defense and packaged...

  20. 49 CFR 173.7 - Government operations and materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... materials offered for transportation by, for, or to the Department of Defense (DOD) of the U.S. Government... Department of Defense (DOD), for the purpose of national security, and which are escorted by personnel... Regulatory Commission. (e) Class 1 (explosive) materials owned by the Department of Defense and packaged...

  1. The global health concept of the German government: strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities.

    PubMed

    Bozorgmehr, Kayvan; Bruchhausen, Walter; Hein, Wolfgang; Knipper, Michael; Korte, Rolf; Razum, Oliver; Tinnemann, Peter

    2014-01-01

    Recognising global health as a rapidly emerging policy field, the German federal government recently released a national concept note for global health politics (July 10, 2013). As the German government could have a significant impact on health globally by making a coherent, evidence-informed, and long-term commitment in this field, we offer an initial appraisal of the strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for development recognised in this document. We conclude that the national concept is an important first step towards the implementation of a coherent global health policy. However, important gaps were identified in the areas of intellectual property rights and access to medicines. In addition, global health determinants such as trade, economic crises, and liberalisation as well as European Union issues such as the health of migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers are not adequately addressed. Furthermore, little information is provided about the establishment of instruments to ensure an effective inter-ministerial cooperation. Finally, because implementation aspects for the national concept are critical for the success of this initiative, we call upon the newly elected 2013 German government to formulate a global health strategy, which includes a concrete plan of action, a time scale, and measurable goals.

  2. The global health concept of the German government: strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities

    PubMed Central

    Bozorgmehr, Kayvan; Bruchhausen, Walter; Hein, Wolfgang; Knipper, Michael; Korte, Rolf; Razum, Oliver; Tinnemann, Peter

    2014-01-01

    Recognising global health as a rapidly emerging policy field, the German federal government recently released a national concept note for global health politics (July 10, 2013). As the German government could have a significant impact on health globally by making a coherent, evidence-informed, and long-term commitment in this field, we offer an initial appraisal of the strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for development recognised in this document. We conclude that the national concept is an important first step towards the implementation of a coherent global health policy. However, important gaps were identified in the areas of intellectual property rights and access to medicines. In addition, global health determinants such as trade, economic crises, and liberalisation as well as European Union issues such as the health of migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers are not adequately addressed. Furthermore, little information is provided about the establishment of instruments to ensure an effective inter-ministerial cooperation. Finally, because implementation aspects for the national concept are critical for the success of this initiative, we call upon the newly elected 2013 German government to formulate a global health strategy, which includes a concrete plan of action, a time scale, and measurable goals. PMID:24560258

  3. Government-to-Government E-Government: A Case Study of a Federal Financial Program

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Faokunla, Olumide Adegboyega

    2012-01-01

    The problem with the study of the concept of electronic government (e-Gov) is that scholars in the field have not adequately explored various dimensions of the concept. Literature on e-Gov is replete with works on the form of government to consumer e-Gov. Much less work had been done on the government to government (G2G) e-Gov. This qualitative…

  4. 76 FR 71624 - Agency Information Collection (Claim for Disability Insurance Benefits, Government Life Insurance...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-18

    ... for Disability Insurance Benefits, Government Life Insurance) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY... INFORMATION: Title: Claim for Disability Insurance Benefits, Government Life Insurance, VA Form 29-357. OMB...: Policyholders complete VA Form 29-357 to file a claim for disability insurance on National Service Life...

  5. Roles of National and Local Governments and the Dietetic Association in Nutrition Assistance Response to Natural Disasters: Systems and Experiences in Japan and the USA.

    PubMed

    Sudo, Noriko

    2015-01-01

    In the first half of this symposium, the disaster response system in Japan will be introduced. The ultimate aim of nutrition assistance is to keep people in disaster areas healthy. This is a task for the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and the health departments of prefectural governments. Our first speaker, Dr. Yasuhiro Kanatani, National Institute of Public Health, will briefly overview the disaster response system in Japan and its related laws. He will also mention how the Ministry responded to the Great East Japan Earthquake. In the second presentation, I will play one chapter of DVD that we released in last September. In that chapter, Ms. Makiko Sawaguchi, a registered dietitian working for a public health center in the area affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, talks about her experience in supporting disaster victims. As an employee of Iwate Prefectural Government, she helped affected municipal governments and coordinated outside support. One type of outside support was registered dietitians dispatched by the Japan Dietetic Association (JDA). Dr. Nobuyo Tsuboyama-Kasaoka will report what those dietitians did in the affected areas. She will also explain the aim and training of the JDA-Disaster Assistance Team. Provision of food is essential in nutrition assistance. This is a task for the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Our fourth speaker, Mr. Kunihiro Doi, analyzed the government procurement data and will discuss the limitations of government emergency food supplies and lessons learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake. As for the systems and experiences in the US, we invited Ms. Toni Abernathy from the Office of Emergency Management, Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), United States Department of Agriculture.

  6. 36 CFR 219.14 - Involvement of State and local governments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... OF AGRICULTURE PLANNING National Forest System Land and Resource Management Planning Collaborative Planning for Sustainability § 219.14 Involvement of State and local governments. The responsible official... coordination of resource management plans or programs. ...

  7. 36 CFR 219.14 - Involvement of State and local governments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... OF AGRICULTURE PLANNING National Forest System Land and Resource Management Planning Collaborative Planning for Sustainability § 219.14 Involvement of State and local governments. The responsible official... coordination of resource management plans or programs. ...

  8. Government as Institutional Entrepreneur: Extending Working Life in the UK and Japan.

    PubMed

    Flynn, Matthew; Schröder, Heike; Higo, Masa; Yamada, Atsuhiro

    2014-07-01

    Through the lens of Institutional Entrepreneurship, this paper discusses how governments use the levers of power afforded through business and welfare systems to affect change in the organisational management of older workers. It does so using national stakeholder interviews in two contrasting economies: the United Kingdom and Japan. Both governments have taken a 'light-touch' approach to work and retirement. However, the highly institutionalised Japanese system affords the government greater leverage than that of the liberal UK system in changing employer practices at the workplace level.

  9. [The Assembly and the national priorities ].

    PubMed

    1997-12-01

    Social participation and attention to the actions of government have increased dramatically in Ecuador. It is crucial that political debate be broadened concerning the functioning of the National Assembly, thereby opening greater public opportunities for participation. All social groups should be guaranteed access to the debate; expansion of the public sphere is essential for development of effective mechanisms of social inclusion. Those with no capacity to defend their own interests must have a voice. The National Assembly, in addition to reforming the Constitution, must reinforce the role of public men and statesmen at all levels of government. Statesmen place the common interest over special interests and create coalitions to effect necessary changes. The National Assembly must reorient the emphasis of government activities to give all sectors equal opportunity and access to basic public services. The role of the government must be redefined, which includes being equipped with better tools for management and control and with mechanisms for accountability at a time when many believe that globalization and market forces by themselves should dictate the rhythms of political, economic, and social life. Diversity should be respected. Nongovernmental organizations can be of great assistance in fostering dialogue, cooperation, solidarity, and consensus. Ecuadorians must support the goal of human and sustainable development.

  10. Iraq: Politics, Governance, and Human Rights

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-04-23

    December 15, 2005, Elections Establish the First Full-Term Goverment ........................... 4 2006-2011: Sectarian Conflict and U.S.-Assisted...the First Full-Term Goverment The December 15, 2005, elections were for a full-term (four-year) national government (also in line with the schedule...of Planning, and Tourism and Antiquities, as well as one of two deputy COR speakerships. An INA technocrat, Abd al Karim Luaibi, was appointed oil

  11. Government Contract Law Textbook - 1982 Edition,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-03-01

    foreign and military policies relating to national security. e. The Office of Science and Technology Policy advises and assists the President in...of the APA, to exclude the Congress and to exclude military authority exercised in the field in time of war, or in occupied territory. Otherwise, a... field of science or technology in which there has been little significant experience outside of work funded by the Government, or where the

  12. Health information exchange: national and international approaches.

    PubMed

    Vest, Joshua R

    2012-01-01

    Health information exchange (HIE), the process of electronically moving patient-level information between different organizations, is viewed as a solution to the fragmentation of data in health care. This review provides a description of the current state of HIE in seven nations, as well was three international HIE efforts, with a particular focus on the relation of exchange efforts to national health care systems, common challenges, and the implications of cross-border information sharing. National and international efforts highlighted in English language informatics journals, professional associations, and government reports are described. Fully functioning HIE is not yet a common phenomenon worldwide. However, multiple nations see the potential benefits of HIE and that has led to national and international efforts of varying scope, scale, and purview. National efforts continue to work to overcome the challenges of interoperability, record linking, insufficient infrastructures, governance, and interorganizational relationships, but have created architectural strategies, oversight agencies, and incentives to foster exchange. The three international HIE efforts reviewed represent very different approaches to the same problem of ensuring the availability of health information across borders. The potential of HIE to address many cost and quality issues will ensure HIE remains on many national agendas. In many instances, health care executives and leaders have opportunities to work within national programs to help shape local exchange governance and decide technology partners. Furthermore, HIE raises policy questions concerning the role of centralized planning, national identifiers, standards, and types of information exchanged, each of which are vital issues to individual health organizations and worthy of their attention.

  13. 32 CFR 766.5 - Conditions governing use of aviation facilities by civil aircraft.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Conditions governing use of aviation facilities... OF THE NAVY MISCELLANEOUS RULES USE OF DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY AVIATION FACILITIES BY CIVIL AIRCRAFT § 766.5 Conditions governing use of aviation facilities by civil aircraft. (a) Risk. The use of Navy or...

  14. 32 CFR 766.5 - Conditions governing use of aviation facilities by civil aircraft.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Conditions governing use of aviation facilities... OF THE NAVY MISCELLANEOUS RULES USE OF DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY AVIATION FACILITIES BY CIVIL AIRCRAFT § 766.5 Conditions governing use of aviation facilities by civil aircraft. (a) Risk. The use of Navy or...

  15. 32 CFR 766.5 - Conditions governing use of aviation facilities by civil aircraft.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Conditions governing use of aviation facilities... OF THE NAVY MISCELLANEOUS RULES USE OF DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY AVIATION FACILITIES BY CIVIL AIRCRAFT § 766.5 Conditions governing use of aviation facilities by civil aircraft. (a) Risk. The use of Navy or...

  16. The First Nation Forestry Program in Ontario

    Treesearch

    Rick Greet

    2001-01-01

    "In partnership with First Nations" has been described as the motto of the First Nation Forestry Program (FNFP). Working in cooperation with the federal and provincial governments, forest industry companies, and other partners, the FNFP provides an opportunity for First Nations and First Nation businesses and organizations to promote forest-based economic...

  17. Clinical governance in pre-hospital care.

    PubMed Central

    Robertson-Steel, I; Edwards, S; Gough, M

    2001-01-01

    This article seeks to discover and recognize the importance of clinical governance within a new and emerging quality National Health Service (NHS) system. It evaluates the present state of prehospital care and recommends how change, via clinical governance, can ensure a paradigm shift from its currently fragmented state to a seamless ongoing patient care episode. Furthermore, it identifies the drivers of a quality revolution, examines the monitoring and supervision of quality care, and evaluates the role of evidence-based practice. A frank and open view of immediate care doctors is presented, with recommendations to improve the quality of skill delivery and reduce the disparity that exists. Finally, it reviews the current problems with pre-hospital care and projects a future course for quality and patient care excellence. PMID:11383428

  18. Governance Reforms and Organizational Dilemmas in European Universities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Capano, Giliberto; Regini, Marino

    2014-01-01

    The aim of this article is to examine how European universities, confronted with national reforms of their governance, have tried to resolve the dilemmas traditionally associated with internal reorganization, the redistribution of power, and the reformulation of teaching and research policies. The article does not focus on the central governance…

  19. Scientific and Technical Information in Canada, Part II, Chapter 1: Government Departments and Agencies.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Science Council of Canada, Ottawa (Ontario).

    Canada's major scientific and technical information resources are supported largely by the Federal Government. They consist of libraries, data files, specialized information centers, and field services. The Canadian Government has no overall policy concerning the handling of scientific and technical information. The need for a national information…

  20. Applying TOGAF for e-government implementation based on service oriented architecture methodology towards good government governance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hodijah, A.; Sundari, S.; Nugraha, A. C.

    2018-05-01

    As a Local Government Agencies who perform public services, General Government Office already has utilized Reporting Information System of Local Government Implementation (E-LPPD). However, E-LPPD has upgrade limitation for the integration processes that cannot accommodate General Government Offices’ needs in order to achieve Good Government Governance (GGG), while success stories of the ultimate goal of e-government implementation requires good governance practices. Currently, citizen demand public services as private sector do, which needs service innovation by utilizing the legacy system as a service based e-government implementation, while Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) to redefine a business processes as a set of IT enabled services and Enterprise Architecture from the Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) as a comprehensive approach in redefining business processes as service innovation towards GGG. This paper takes a case study on Performance Evaluation of Local Government Implementation (EKPPD) system on General Government Office. The results show that TOGAF will guide the development of integrated business processes of EKPPD system that fits good governance practices to attain GGG with SOA methodology as technical approach.

  1. Understanding Internal Accountability in Nigeria’s Routine Immunization System: Perspectives From Government Officials at the National, State, and Local Levels

    PubMed Central

    Erchick, Daniel J.; George, Asha S.; Umeh, Chukwunonso; Wonodi, Chizoba

    2017-01-01

    Background: Routine immunization coverage in Nigeria has remained low, and studies have identified a lack of accountability as a barrier to high performance in the immunization system. Accountability lies at the heart of various health systems strengthening efforts recently launched in Nigeria, including those related to immunization. Our aim was to understand the views of health officials on the accountability challenges hindering immunization service delivery at various levels of government. Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview immunization and primary healthcare (PHC) officials from national, state, local, and health facility levels in Niger State in north central Nigeria. Individuals were selected to represent a range of roles and responsibilities in the immunization system. The questionnaire explored concepts related to internal accountability using a framework that organizes accountability into three axes based upon how they drive change in the health system. Results: Respondents highlighted accountability challenges across multiple components of the immunization system, including vaccine availability, financing, logistics, human resources, and data management. A major focus was the lack of clear roles and responsibilities both within institutions and between levels of government. Delays in funding, especially at lower levels of government, disrupted service delivery. Supervision occurred less frequently than necessary, and the limited decision space of managers prevented problems from being resolved. Motivation was affected by the inability of officials to fulfill their responsibilities. Officials posited numerous suggestions to improve accountability, including clarifying roles and responsibilities, ensuring timely release of funding, and formalizing processes for supervision, problem solving, and data reporting. Conclusion: Weak accountability presents a significant barrier to performance of the routine immunization system and

  2. From PISA to National Branding: Exploring Finnish Education®

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schatz, Monika; Popovic, Ana; Dervin, Fred

    2017-01-01

    Since the recent global paradigm shift in the governance of higher education toward business and marketing, internationally competitive education is increasingly considered as an asset for governments. Consequently, governments started to invest in education branding and marketing their educational systems. In Finland, national interest in…

  3. Corporate and philanthropic models of hospital governance: a taxonomic evaluation.

    PubMed

    Weiner, B J; Alexander, J A

    1993-08-01

    We assess the theoretical integrity and practical utility of the corporate-philanthropic governance typology frequently invoked in debates about the appropriate form of governance for nonprofit hospitals operating in increasingly competitive health care environments. Data were obtained from a 1985 national mailed survey of nonprofit hospitals conducted by the American Hospital Association (AHA) and the Hospital Research and Educational Trust (HRET). A sample 1,577 nonprofit community hospitals were selected for study. Representativeness was assessed by comparing the sample with the population of non-profit community hospitals on the dimensions of bed size, ownership type, urban-rural location, multihospital system membership, and census region. Measurement of governance types was based on hospital governance attributes conforming to those cited in the literature as distinguishing corporate from philanthropic models and classified into six central dimensions of governance: (1) size, (2) committee structure and activity, (3) board member selection, (4) board composition, (5) CEO power and influence, and (6) bylaws and activities. Cluster analysis and ANCOVA indicated that hospital board forms adhered only partially to corporate and philanthropic governance models. Further, board forms varied systematically by specific organizational and environmental conditions. Boards exhibiting more corporate governance forms were more likely to be large, privately owned, urban, and operating in competitive markets than were hospitals showing more philanthropic governance forms. Findings suggest that the corporate-philanthropic governance distinction must be seen as an ideal rather than an actual depiction of hospital governance forms. Implications for health care governance are discussed.

  4. Focusing America’s National Powers

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-04-14

    governments with market economies. 15. SUBJECT TERMS National Security, National Powers, Sources of Power, National Security Council, National Security... Strategy , Six-phased Campaign Plan, JIACG, DIME 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: Unclassified 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 19a. NAME...satisfaction of the requirements of a Master of Science Degree in Joint Campaign Planning and Strategy . The contents of this paper reflect my own

  5. The personal and national costs of early retirement because of spinal disorders: impacts on income, taxes, and government support payments.

    PubMed

    Schofield, Deborah J; Shrestha, Rupendra N; Percival, Richard; Passey, Megan E; Callander, Emily J; Kelly, Simon J

    2012-12-01

    Spinal disorders can reduce an individual's ability to participate in the labor force, and this can lead to considerable impacts on both the individual and the state. This study was aimed to quantify the personal cost of lost income and the cost to the state from lost income taxation, increased benefits payments, and lost gross domestic product (GDP) as a result of early retirement because of spinal disorders in Australians aged 45 to 64 years in 2009. This was done using cross-sectional analysis of the base population of Health&WealthMOD, a microsimulation model built on data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics' Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers, and STINMOD, an income and savings microsimulation model. Linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between spinal disorders, labor force participation, income, taxation, and government support payments. It was found that individuals aged 45 to 64 years who have retired early because of spinal disorders have significantly lower income (79% less; 95% confidence interval [CI], -84.7, -71.1; p<.0001), pay significantly less taxation (100% less; 95% CI, -100.0, 99.9; p<.0001), and receive significantly more in government support payments (21,000% more; 95% CI, 12,767.0, 35,336.4; p<.0001) than those employed full time with no health condition. Individuals who have retired early because of spinal disorders have a median value of total weekly income of only AU$310, whereas those who are employed full time are likely to receive four times this. This has a large national aggregate impact, with AU$4.8 billion lost in annual individual earnings, AU$622 million in additional welfare payments, AU$497 million lost in taxation revenue for governments, and AU$2.9 billion in lost GDP: all attributable to spinal disorders through their impact on labor force participation. Although the individual has to bear the economic costs of lost income in addition to the burden of the condition itself, the state

  6. Public views on the role of government in funding and delivering health services.

    PubMed

    Vilhjalmsson, Runar

    2016-07-01

    Public surveys in socialized health systems indicate strong support for the role of government in health care, although different views can be detected. The study considers the public's views on public versus private funding and delivery of health services. The study is based on a representative national sample of 1532 Icelandic adults, aged 18 and older, who participated in a national public issues survey. Respondents were asked about government spending on health care and whether the government or private parties should deliver health services. The great majority of respondents thought that the government should spend more on health care, and should be the primary provider of care. Lower age, female gender, countryside residence, and expected high use of health care were related to greater support for governmental funding. Furthermore, countryside residence, less education, lower income, not being a governmental health worker, expected high health care use, and left-wing political ideology were all related to greater support for governmental delivery of health care. CONCLUSIONS DESPITE SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS, THE STUDY FINDS STRONG OVERALL SUPPORT FOR THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN FUNDING AND DELIVERING HEALTH CARE PREVIOUS PERSPECTIVES AND HYPOTHESES OF WELFARE STATE ENDORSEMENT RECEIVED MIXED SUPPORT, SUGGESTING THAT FURTHER THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL WORK IS NEEDED TO BETTER ACCOUNT FOR PUBLIC VIEWS ON THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN HEALTH CARE. © 2016 the Nordic Societies of Public Health.

  7. National Media Laboratory media testing results

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mularie, William

    1993-01-01

    The government faces a crisis in data storage, analysis, archive, and communication. The sheer quantity of data being poured into the government systems on a daily basis is overwhelming systems ability to capture, analyze, disseminate, and store critical information. Future systems requirements are even more formidable: with single government platforms having data rate of over 1 Gbit/sec, greater than Terabyte/day storage requirements, and with expected data archive lifetimes of over 10 years. The charter of the National Media Laboratory (NML) is to focus the resources of industry, government, and academia on government needs in the evaluation, development, and field support of advanced recording systems.

  8. An overview of the national telehealth initiative in Malaysia.

    PubMed

    Maon, Siti N; Edirippulige, Sisira

    2010-01-01

    Malaysia's national health statistics for the last half century show a remarkable improvement in the nation's health status. One important factor for this improvement is the Malaysian government's proactive intervention in the health sector. Among others, e-health has played a vital role in delivering and managing healthcare services in Malaysia. While the Government has integrated telehealth in its national digital infrastructure re-design, it has heavily invested in telehealth. The enactment of new laws to facilitate telehealth practices can also be noted as an important measure.

  9. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community governance of health research: Turning principles into practice.

    PubMed

    Gwynn, Josephine; Lock, Mark; Turner, Nicole; Dennison, Ray; Coleman, Clare; Kelly, Brian; Wiggers, John

    2015-08-01

    Gaps exist in researchers' understanding of the 'practice' of community governance in relation to research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. We examine Aboriginal community governance of two rural NSW research projects by applying principles-based criteria from two independent sources. One research project possessed a strong Aboriginal community governance structure and evaluated a 2-year healthy lifestyle program for children; the other was a 5-year cohort study examining factors influencing the mental health and well-being of participants. The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia's 'Values and ethics: guidelines for ethical conduct in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research' and 'Ten principles relevant to health research among Indigenous Australian populations' described by experts in the field. Adopt community-based participatory research constructs. Develop clear governance structures and procedures at the beginning of the study and allow sufficient time for their establishment. Capacity-building must be a key component of the research. Ensure sufficient resources to enable community engagement, conduct of research governance procedures, capacity-building and results dissemination. The implementation of governance structures and procedures ensures research addresses the priorities of the participating Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, minimises risks and improves outcomes for the communities. Principles-based Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community governance of research is very achievable. Next steps include developing a comprehensive evidence base for appropriate governance structures and procedures, and consolidating a suite of practical guides for structuring clear governance in health research. © 2015 National Rural Health Alliance Inc.

  10. 77 FR 28608 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-15

    ... which are suitable for human body CT, and provide better soft tissue contrast in radiography and CT... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health Government-Owned Inventions...-RNAi by simultaneously targeting several human anti-apoptotic genes with different siRNAs. NIH...

  11. Connected vehicle environment : Governance Roundtable Proceedings from June 20, 2011.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2011-08-01

    This report documents a governance roundtable discussion hosted by the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Joint Program Office (JPO) on June 20, 2011 at the U.S. DOTs John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center in Cambridge, Massach...

  12. Implementation of clinical governance in hospitals: challenges and the keys for success.

    PubMed

    Mousavi, Seyed Mohammad Hadi; Agharahimi, Zahra; Daryabeigi, Maede; Rezaei, Nima

    2014-01-01

    There is a number of models and strategies for improving the quality of care such as total quality management, continuous quality improvement and clinical governance. The policy of clinical governance is part of the governments overall strategy for monitoring, assuring and improving in the national health services organization. Clinical governance has been introduced as a bridge between managerial and clinical approaches to quality. For successful implementing of clinical governance, it is necessary to pay attention to firm foundations of the structure, including equipment, staffing arrangement, supporting specialties, and staff training. Therefore, as clinical governance improves safety and quality in health care services, the current situation in hospitals should be evaluated before any intervention while barriers and blocks on structure and process should be determined to select a method for changing them. Considering these points could guarantee success in implementation of clinical governance; otherwise there would be a little chance to achieve the desired results despite consumption of plenty of time and huge paper works.

  13. Creating a Government That Works Better & Costs Less. Status Report. Report of the National Performance Review.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gore, Al

    This publication reports on progress 1 year into the Clinton Administration's "Reinventing Government" initiative, a long-term effort at significantly revamping the federal government's operations. A preliminary chapter notes the culture change involved in the reinvention process. Individual chapters then report progress for each of the…

  14. Frameworks to assess health systems governance: a systematic review

    PubMed Central

    Smith, Helen; van den Broek, Nynke

    2017-01-01

    Abstract Governance of the health system is a relatively new concept and there are gaps in understanding what health system governance is and how it could be assessed. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to describe the concept of governance and the theories underpinning as applied to health systems; and to identify which frameworks are available and have been applied to assess health systems governance. Frameworks were reviewed to understand how the principles of governance might be operationalized at different levels of a health system. Electronic databases and web portals of international institutions concerned with governance were searched for publications in English for the period January 1994 to February 2016. Sixteen frameworks developed to assess governance in the health system were identified and are described. Of these, six frameworks were developed based on theories from new institutional economics; three are primarily informed by political science and public management disciplines; three arise from the development literature and four use multidisciplinary approaches. Only five of the identified frameworks have been applied. These used the principal–agent theory, theory of common pool resources, North’s institutional analysis and the cybernetics theory. Governance is a practice, dependent on arrangements set at political or national level, but which needs to be operationalized by individuals at lower levels in the health system; multi-level frameworks acknowledge this. Three frameworks were used to assess governance at all levels of the health system. Health system governance is complex and difficult to assess; the concept of governance originates from different disciplines and is multidimensional. There is a need to validate and apply existing frameworks and share lessons learnt regarding which frameworks work well in which settings. A comprehensive assessment of governance could enable policy makers to prioritize solutions for

  15. IRM National Reference Series: Japan: An evaluation of government-sponsored energy conservation research and development

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Howard, C.D.

    1987-07-01

    Despite the recent drop in world oil prices, the Japanese government is continuing to stress energy conservation, because Japan relies on imports for 85% of its total energy requirements and virtually 100% of its petroleum. Japan stresses long-term developments and sees conservation as an integral part of its 50- to 100-year transition from fossil fuels to nuclear and renewable sources of energy. The Japanese government is targeting new materials, biotechnology, and electronics technologies as the foundation of Japan's economy in the 21st century. Most government research programs in Japan are governed by aggressive timetables and fixed technical goals and aremore » usually guaranteed funding over a 5- to 10-year period. Of the major energy conservation research programs, the best known is the Moonlight Project, administered by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), and oriented towards end-use technologies such as Stirling engines and advanced heat pumps. Parts of MITI's Basic Technologies for Future Industries Program involve research in new materials and bioreactors. The Science and Technology Agency's Exploratory Research in Advanced Technologies (ERATO) Program is also investigating these technologies while emphasizing basic research. Other ministries supporting research related to energy conservation are the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture and the Ministry of Construction. For 1985, government spending for energy conservation research was at least $50 million. Private sector funding of energy conservation research was $500 million in 1984. A brief outline of major programs and key participants is included for several of the most relevant technologies. An overview of Japan's experience in international scientific collaboration is also included.« less

  16. 77 FR 33254 - Expediting Transition of Government Performed and Sponsored Aeronautics Research and Development

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-05

    ... OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY Expediting Transition of Government Performed and Sponsored Aeronautics Research and Development AGENCY: National Science and Technology Council, Office of Science and Technology Policy. ACTION: Notice of request for public comment. SUMMARY: The National Science...

  17. The Sphere of Authority: Governing Education Policy in Pakistan Amidst Global Pressures

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ali, Sajid

    2017-01-01

    The authority of the nation states and their capacity to govern their education policy has been reconfigured by the processes of globalisation. This paper examines recent education policy in Pakistan in order to reveal the nature of national authority in education policy-making in a challenging context. The central piece of analysis is the…

  18. National Response Center

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The NRC is the federal government's national communications center, which is staffed 24 hours a day by U.S. Coast Guard officers and marine science technicians. Sole federal point of contact for reporting all hazardous substance releases and oil spills

  19. 'The government cannot do it all alone': realist analysis of the minutes of community health committee meetings in Nigeria.

    PubMed

    Abimbola, Seye; Molemodile, Shola K; Okonkwo, Ononuju A; Negin, Joel; Jan, Stephen; Martiniuk, Alexandra L

    2016-04-01

    Since the mid-1980s, the national health policy in Nigeria has sought to inspire community engagement in primary health care by bringing communities into partnership with service providers through community health committees. Using a realist approach to understand how and under what circumstances the committees function, we explored 581 meeting minutes from 129 committees across four states in Nigeria (Lagos, Benue, Nasarawa and Kaduna). We found that community health committees provide opportunities for improving the demand and supply of health care in their community. Committees demonstrate five modes of functioning: through meetings (as 'village square'), reaching out within their community (as 'community connectors'), lobbying governments for support (as 'government botherers'), inducing and augmenting government support (as 'back-up government') and taking control of health care in their community (as 'general overseers'). In performing these functions, community health committees operate within and through the existing social, cultural and religious structures of their community, thereby providing an opportunity for the health facility with which they are linked to be responsive to the needs and values of the community. But due to power asymmetries, committees have limited capacity to influence health facilities for improved performance, and governments for improved health service provision. This is perhaps because national guidelines are not clear on their accountability functions; they are not aware of the minimum standards of services to expect; and they have a limited sense of legitimacy in their relations with sub-national governments because they are established as the consequence of a national policy. Committees therefore tend to promote collective action for self-support more than collective action for demanding accountability. To function optimally, community health committees require national government or non-government organization mentoring and

  20. Challenging the Logic behind Government Policies for School Completion

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    te Riele, Kitty

    2012-01-01

    This paper investigates a suite of policies that comprise the "National Partnership Agreement" between federal, state and territory governments in Australia that are ostensibly aimed at improving the educational attainment levels of young Australians. It specifically explores the policy terrain of educational targets that have been…

  1. 75 FR 21636 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-26

    ... antibody phage display library against Ephrin-B2 and EphB4. These human monoclonal antibodies have high... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health Government-Owned Inventions... commercialization of results of federally-funded research and development. Foreign patent applications are filed on...

  2. The Role of Government and Lobbying in the Creation of a Health Profession: The Legal Foundations of Counseling

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bergman, David M.

    2013-01-01

    The state and federal governments, along with private industry, play an important role in the development of a health profession. State governments establish training standards through licensure laws, and state programs dictate employment and payment opportunities. The federal government unifies a profession through recognition in national health…

  3. Science and the rules governing anti-doping violations.

    PubMed

    Bowers, Larry D

    2010-01-01

    The fight against the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sports has been in effect for nearly 90 years. The formation of the World Anti-Doping Agency in 1999 was a major event because an independent agency was entrusted with harmonization of the antidoping program. In addition to sports governing bodies, governments have endorsed WADA and its programs by signing a United Nations Education, Science, and Cultural Organization Convention on Doping. The first step in the harmonization process was the development of the World Anti-Doping Program. This program consisted of five documents - the Code, the International Standard for Testing, the International Standard for Laboratories, the Prohibited List, and the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions - which unified the approach of the international federations and national antidoping agencies in applying antidoping rules. For laboratory testing, the International Standard for Laboratories establishes the performance expectations for and competence of laboratories recognized by WADA, including accreditation under ISO/IEC 17025. The antidoping rules are adjudicated by arbitration using the internationally recognized Court of Arbitration for Sport.

  4. Reprioritizing government spending on health: pushing an elephant up the stairs?

    PubMed

    Tandon, Ajay; Fleisher, Lisa; Li, Rong; Yap, Wei Aun

    2014-01-01

    Countries vary widely with respect to the share of government spending on health, a metric that can serve as a proxy for the extent to which health is prioritized by governments. World Health Organization (WHO) data estimate that, in 2011, health's share of aggregate government expenditure averaged 12% in the 170 countries for which data were available. However, country differences were striking: ranging from a low of 1% in Myanmar to a high of 28% in Costa Rica. Some of the observed differences in health's share of government spending across countries are unsurprisingly related to differences in national income. However, significant variations exist in health's share of government spending even after controlling for national income. This paper provides a global overview of health's share of government spending and summarizes some of the key theoretical and empirical perspectives on allocation of public resources to health vis-à-vis other sectors from the perspective of reprioritization, one of the modalities for realizing fiscal space for health. The paper argues that theory and cross-country empirical analyses do not provide clear-cut explanations for the observed variations in government prioritization of health. Standard economic theory arguments that are often used to justify public financing for health are equally applicable to many other sectors including defence, education and infrastructure. To date, empirical work on prioritization has been sparse: available cross-country econometric analyses suggest that factors such as democratization, lower levels of corruption, ethnolinguistic homogeneity and more women in public office are correlated with higher shares of public spending on health; however, these findings are not robust and are sensitive to model specification. Evidence from case studies suggests that country-specific political economy considerations are key, and that results-focused reform efforts - in particular efforts to explicitly expand the

  5. 78 FR 2451 - National Science Board; Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-11

    ... NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION National Science Board; Sunshine Act Meetings The National Science... National Science Foundation Act, as amended (42 U.S.C. 1862n-5), and the Government in the Sunshine Act (5... transaction of National Science Board business and other matters specified, as follows: DATE AND TIME...

  6. National research and education network

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Villasenor, Tony

    1991-01-01

    Some goals of this network are as follows: Extend U.S. technological leadership in high performance computing and computer communications; Provide wide dissemination and application of the technologies both to the speed and the pace of innovation and to serve the national economy, national security, education, and the global environment; and Spur gains in the U.S. productivity and industrial competitiveness by making high performance computing and networking technologies an integral part of the design and production process. Strategies for achieving these goals are as follows: Support solutions to important scientific and technical challenges through a vigorous R and D effort; Reduce the uncertainties to industry for R and D and use of this technology through increased cooperation between government, industry, and universities and by the continued use of government and government funded facilities as a prototype user for early commercial HPCC products; and Support underlying research, network, and computational infrastructures on which U.S. high performance computing technology is based.

  7. Major New Issues Currently Affecting Government Acquisition.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-06-01

    Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and the Competition in Contracting Act (CICA) of 1984, Thybony, Inc., 1985. 5. Brechtel, Donald L., Brost , Edward J. and...of Government Contracts, The George Washington Univer- sity, 1986. 3. White, Kevin L., Issues in Navy Management of Major Weapon Systems Warranties...L. Thesis, The National Law Center of George Washington University, Washington, D.C.. February 1982. 2. Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), 1984

  8. Space Station: Status of financial reserves. Report to the Chair, Government Activities and Transportation Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Degnan, Frank; Zadjura, Mona M.; Crocker, William W.; Berry, James D., Jr.

    1992-07-01

    The information on the financial reserves available to offset risks associated with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Space Station Freedom program is provided to Government Activities and Transportation Subcommittee of Committee on Government Operations House of Representatives, as requested. To obtain the information of the financial reserves NASA maintains in the space station program, NASA Headquarters officials in the Controller and Space Station program offices were interviewed. Financial and program documents related to the level of financial reserves in the program and the uses of those reserved to fund additional program requirements were reviewed. The review was conducted from March to July 1992 in accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards. As requested, written agency comments on this report was not obtained, but the reviews of responsible NASA officials were obtained to consider in preparing this report.

  9. Corporate and philanthropic models of hospital governance: a taxonomic evaluation.

    PubMed Central

    Weiner, B J; Alexander, J A

    1993-01-01

    OBJECTIVE. We assess the theoretical integrity and practical utility of the corporate-philanthropic governance typology frequently invoked in debates about the appropriate form of governance for nonprofit hospitals operating in increasingly competitive health care environments. DATA SOURCES. Data were obtained from a 1985 national mailed survey of nonprofit hospitals conducted by the American Hospital Association (AHA) and the Hospital Research and Educational Trust (HRET). STUDY DESIGN. A sample 1,577 nonprofit community hospitals were selected for study. Representativeness was assessed by comparing the sample with the population of non-profit community hospitals on the dimensions of bed size, ownership type, urban-rural location, multihospital system membership, and census region. DATA COLLECTION. Measurement of governance types was based on hospital governance attributes conforming to those cited in the literature as distinguishing corporate from philanthropic models and classified into six central dimensions of governance: (1) size, (2) committee structure and activity, (3) board member selection, (4) board composition, (5) CEO power and influence, and (6) bylaws and activities. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS. Cluster analysis and ANCOVA indicated that hospital board forms adhered only partially to corporate and philanthropic governance models. Further, board forms varied systematically by specific organizational and environmental conditions. Boards exhibiting more corporate governance forms were more likely to be large, privately owned, urban, and operating in competitive markets than were hospitals showing more philanthropic governance forms. CONCLUSIONS. Findings suggest that the corporate-philanthropic governance distinction must be seen as an ideal rather than an actual depiction of hospital governance forms. Implications for health care governance are discussed. PMID:8344823

  10. The Challenge of Governance. Teacher's Guide [and Student Text]. W.M. Keck Foundation Series.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Croddy, Marshall; Degelman, Charles; Hayes, Bill

    This teacher's guide and student text is the fourth volume in the W. M. Keck Foundation Series. The guide, which is designed to provide instructional support for classroom use of "The Challenge of Governance," gives teachers an opportunity to review content from the National Standards for Civics and Government for High School with…

  11. NASA's Earth Observations Commercialization Applications Program: A model for government promotion of commercial space opportunities

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Macauley, Molly K.

    1995-01-01

    The role of government in promoting space commerce is a topic of discussion in every spacefaring nation. This article describes a new approach to government intervention which, based on its five-year track record, appears to have met with success. The approach, developed in NASA's Earth Observations Commercialization Application Program (EOCAP), offer several lessons for effective government sponsorship of commercial space development in general and of commercial remote sensing in particular.

  12. Creating a Common Grammar for European Higher Education Governance

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Magalhaes, Antonio; Veiga, Amelia; Ribeiro, Filipa M.; Sousa, Sofia; Santiago, Rui

    2013-01-01

    This paper addresses the interaction between European Union policies and national higher education sectors in the countries involved in the TRUE project (England, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Switzerland) making the case for European governance. Relevant for this matter is the role of political processes that…

  13. From "Boy-Government" and "Student-Government" to "Learner-Government": The Best of Both Worlds?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mathebula, Thokozani

    2018-01-01

    In the history of South African education there have been three contrasting attempts to incorporate learners into the authority structures of schools, namely: "boy-government" (prefect system), "student-government" (Student Representative Councils (SRCs)) and "learner-government" (Representative Councils of Learners…

  14. 32 CFR 536.23 - Identifying claims incidents both for and against the government.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., the Air Force, or DOD (federal agencies other than the armed service to which the Soldier is attached... 32 National Defense 3 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Identifying claims incidents both for and against the government. 536.23 Section 536.23 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF...

  15. 32 CFR 536.23 - Identifying claims incidents both for and against the government.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., the Air Force, or DOD (federal agencies other than the armed service to which the Soldier is attached... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Identifying claims incidents both for and against the government. 536.23 Section 536.23 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF...

  16. [Chemical safety, health, and environment: prospects for governance in the Brazilian context].

    PubMed

    Freitas, Carlos Machado de; Porto, Marcelo Firpo S; Moreira, Josino Costa; Pivetta, Fatima; Machado, Jorge M Huet; Freitas, Nilton B B de; Arcuri, Arline S

    2002-01-01

    Chemical safety is acknowledged by Agenda 21 as one of the most serious problems worldwide, involving governance at the national and international levels. In Brazil, chemical safety problems have increased in intensity and extent, far beyond the capacity to deal with them. The problems are all the more serious in Brazil because issues of democracy, security, sustainability, and equity, all fundamental to governance, are still incipient and still far from being solved. New societal arrangements and a new, contextualized and more participatory science form the basis for developing and expanding strategies for governance to deal with the problem of chemical safety.

  17. Identifying governance strategies that effectively support ecosystem services, resource sustainability, and biodiversity

    PubMed Central

    Kenward, R. E.; Whittingham, M. J.; Arampatzis, S.; Manos, B. D.; Hahn, T.; Terry, A.; Simoncini, R.; Alcorn, J.; Bastian, O.; Donlan, M.; Elowe, K.; Franzén, F.; Karacsonyi, Z.; Larsson, M.; Manou, D.; Navodaru, I.; Papadopoulou, O.; Papathanasiou, J.; von Raggamby, A.; Sharp, R. J. A.; Söderqvist, T.; Soutukorva, Å.; Vavrova, L.; Aebischer, N. J.; Leader-Williams, N.; Rutz, C.

    2011-01-01

    Conservation scientists, national governments, and international conservation groups seek to devise, and implement, governance strategies that mitigate human impact on the environment. However, few studies to date have systematically investigated the performance of different systems of governance in achieving successful conservation outcomes. Here, we use a newly-developed analytic framework to conduct analyses of a suite of case studies, linking different governance strategies to standardized scores for delivering ecosystem services, achieving sustainable use of natural resources, and conserving biodiversity, at both local and international levels. Our results: (i) confirm the benefits of adaptive management; and (ii) reveal strong associations for the role of leadership. Our work provides a critical step toward implementing empirically justified governance strategies that are capable of improving the management of human-altered environments, with benefits for both biodiversity and people. PMID:21402916

  18. Measuring Economic Freedom: Better Without Size of Government.

    PubMed

    Ott, Jan

    2018-01-01

    The Heritage Foundation and the Fraser Institute measure economic freedom in nations using indices with ten and five indicators respectively. Eight of the Heritage indicators and four of the Fraser-indicators are about specific types of institutional quality, like rule of law, the protection of property, and the provision of sound money. More of these is considered to denote more economic freedom. Both indices also involve indicators of 'big government', or levels of government activities. More of that is seen to denote less economic freedom. Yet, levels of government spending, consumption, and transfers and subsidies appear to correlate positively with the other indicators related to institutional quality, while this correlation is close to zero for the level of taxation as a percentage of GDP. Using government spending, consumption transfers and subsidies as positive indicators is no alternative, because these levels stand for very different government activities, liberal or less liberal. This means that levels of government activities can better be left out as negative or positive indicators. Thus shortened variants of the indices create a better convergent validity in the measurement of economic freedom, and create higher correlations between economic freedom and alternative types of freedom, and between economic freedom and happiness. The higher correlations indicate a better predictive validity, since they are predictable in view of the findings of previous research and theoretical considerations about the relations between types of freedom, and between freedom and happiness.

  19. Why We Need to Have Broad-Based Societal Discussions of the Governance of Geoengineering, at national and international levels, starting with scientists and increasingly with policy makers?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Anbar, A. D.; Rowan, L. R.; Field, L. A.; Keith, D.; Robock, A.; Anbar, A. D.; van der Pluijm, B.; Pasztor, J.

    2017-12-01

    The Paris Agreement aims to limit the global temperature rise to 1.5 to 2°C above preindustrial temperature, but achieving this goal requires much higher levels of mitigation than currently planned. This challenge has focused greater attention on climate geoengineering approaches, as part of an overall response starting with radical mitigation. Geoengineering cannot address climate change on its own, but some scientists say that it could delay or reduce the overshoot. In so doing, we may expose the world to other serious risks. There is , however, no comprehensive international framework for governing these emerging technologies. Carbon dioxide removal technologies can have serious environmental, social and economic impacts, which need to be addressed. The largest immediate risk, however, could be the unilateral deployment of solar engineering by one country, a small group of countries, or a wealthy individual. The real or perceived impacts of deployment, including geopolitical reactions, could further destabilize a world already going through rapid change. Effective global governance frameworks could reduce this risk. SRM research is in its infancy. The real challenges are not technical, but pertain to ethics and governance. Should there be a strategic research programme, coupled with a global agreement to prohibit deployment unless and until certain risks and governance questions are adequately addressed? How would the world's governments determine if the potential global benefit of geoengineering is worth the risks to certain regions? How should trans-border and trans-generational issues be addressed? How would governance frameworks withstand geopolitical changes over decades or more of deployment? How might such technologies be developed and deployed without undermining political will to cut emissions? The world is heading to an increasingly risky future and is unprepared to address the institutional and governance challenges posed by these technologies

  20. Why We Need to Have Broad-Based Societal Discussions of the Governance of Geoengineering, at national and international levels, starting with scientists and increasingly with policy makers?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Anbar, A. D.; Rowan, L. R.; Field, L. A.; Keith, D.; Robock, A.; Anbar, A. D.; van der Pluijm, B.; Pasztor, J.

    2016-12-01

    The Paris Agreement aims to limit the global temperature rise to 1.5 to 2°C above preindustrial temperature, but achieving this goal requires much higher levels of mitigation than currently planned. This challenge has focused greater attention on climate geoengineering approaches, as part of an overall response starting with radical mitigation. Geoengineering cannot address climate change on its own, but some scientists say that it could delay or reduce the overshoot. In so doing, we may expose the world to other serious risks. There is , however, no comprehensive international framework for governing these emerging technologies. Carbon dioxide removal technologies can have serious environmental, social and economic impacts, which need to be addressed. The largest immediate risk, however, could be the unilateral deployment of solar engineering by one country, a small group of countries, or a wealthy individual. The real or perceived impacts of deployment, including geopolitical reactions, could further destabilize a world already going through rapid change. Effective global governance frameworks could reduce this risk. SRM research is in its infancy. The real challenges are not technical, but pertain to ethics and governance. Should there be a strategic research programme, coupled with a global agreement to prohibit deployment unless and until certain risks and governance questions are adequately addressed? How would the world's governments determine if the potential global benefit of geoengineering is worth the risks to certain regions? How should trans-border and trans-generational issues be addressed? How would governance frameworks withstand geopolitical changes over decades or more of deployment? How might such technologies be developed and deployed without undermining political will to cut emissions? The world is heading to an increasingly risky future and is unprepared to address the institutional and governance challenges posed by these technologies

  1. Implementing the national priorities for injury surveillance.

    PubMed

    Mitchell, Rebecca J; McClure, Rod J; Williamson, Ann M; McKenzie, Kirsten

    2008-04-07

    Injury is a leading cause of disability and death in Australia and is recognised as a national health priority area. The foundation of successful injury prevention is injury surveillance, and national policies and strategies developed over the past 20 years to reduce the burden of injury in Australia have included 22 recommendations on surveillance--only three of which have been completely implemented. Priorities for improving injury surveillance include: improving current injury mortality and morbidity data collection systems; filling the gaps in injury surveillance; maintaining vigilance over data quality; increasing the integration and accessibility of injury data; developing technical expertise in surveillance. Barriers to implementation of the current National Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Plan include the lack of an implementation plan, performance management structure, appropriate national governance structure and resources--all of which could be overcome with government commitment.

  2. The national financial adjustment policy and the equalisation of health levels among prefectures.

    PubMed

    Takano, T; Nakamura, K

    2001-10-01

    The objectives of this study were to examine (1) trends concerning financial assistance from the national government to local governments, (2) trends regarding death rates and life expectancies among prefectures, and (3) the effect of the national financial adjustment policy in equalising both the revenues of local governments and variations in the health levels among prefectures in terms of death rates and life expectancies. The study analysed prefectural income, the amount of national taxes collected, financial assistance from the national government to local governments, and age adjusted death rates and life expectancies of all of the prefectures in Japan during the period from 1965 through 1995. (1) Under the financial adjustment policy, financial assistance from the national government to the local governments, which consists of the sum of the local allocation tax and treasury disbursements, increased from 1831 billion yen in 1965 to 31 116 billion yen in 1995. (2) During the same period, the age adjusted death rate per 100 000 people decreased from 1168.9 (1965) to 545.3 (1995). The range of variation in the age adjusted death rate among prefectures diminished as the coefficient of variation of the death rate declined from 0.060 in 1965 to 0.043 in 1995. (3) There was a significant statistical correlation between higher prefectural incomes and lower mortality rates during from 1965 until 1975 (p < 0.05), whereas this correlation was indistinct in the 1980s and has not been observed since 1990. (4) The relative health level of Tokyo has declined in terms of its ranking among all the prefectures with regard to life expectancy, from being the best in 1965 to below average in 1995. The national financial adjustment policy to balance the revenues of local governments has increased the health levels of rural prefectures. It is probable that the policy reduced the disparity in death rates and life expectancies among prefectures throughout the country. However, the

  3. Z39.50 and GILS model. [Government Information Locator Service

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Christian, Eliot

    1994-01-01

    The Government Information Locator System (GILS) is a component of the National Information Infrastructure (NII) which provides electronic access to sources of publicly accessible information maintained throughout the Federal Government. GILS is an internetworking information resource that identifies other information resources, describes the information available in the referenced resources, and provides assistance in how to obtain the information either directly or through intermediaries. The GILS core content which references each Federal information system holding publicly accessible data or information is described in terms of mandatory and optional core elements.

  4. Human resource governance: what does governance mean for the health workforce in low- and middle-income countries?

    PubMed

    Kaplan, Avril D; Dominis, Sarah; Palen, John Gh; Quain, Estelle E

    2013-02-15

    Research on practical and effective governance of the health workforce is limited. This paper examines health system strengthening as it occurs in the intersection between the health workforce and governance by presenting a framework to examine health workforce issues related to eight governance principles: strategic vision, accountability, transparency, information, efficiency, equity/fairness, responsiveness and citizen voice and participation. This study builds off of a literature review that informed the development of a framework that describes linkages and assigns indicators between governance and the health workforce. A qualitative analysis of Health System Assessment (HSA) data, a rapid indicator-based methodology that determines the key strengths and weaknesses of a health system using a set of internationally recognized indicators, was completed to determine how 20 low- and middle-income countries are operationalizing health governance to improve health workforce performance. The 20 countries assessed showed mixed progress in implementing the eight governance principles. Strengths highlighted include increasing the transparency of financial flows from sources to providers by implementing and institutionalizing the National Health Accounts methodology; increasing responsiveness to population health needs by training new cadres of health workers to address shortages and deliver care to remote and rural populations; having structures in place to register and provide licensure to medical professionals upon entry into the public sector; and implementing pilot programs that apply financial and non-financial incentives as a means to increase efficiency. Common weaknesses emerging in the HSAs include difficulties with developing, implementing and evaluating health workforce policies that outline a strategic vision for the health workforce; implementing continuous licensure and regulation systems to hold health workers accountable after they enter the workforce

  5. Human resource governance: what does governance mean for the health workforce in low- and middle-income countries?

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background Research on practical and effective governance of the health workforce is limited. This paper examines health system strengthening as it occurs in the intersection between the health workforce and governance by presenting a framework to examine health workforce issues related to eight governance principles: strategic vision, accountability, transparency, information, efficiency, equity/fairness, responsiveness and citizen voice and participation. Methods This study builds off of a literature review that informed the development of a framework that describes linkages and assigns indicators between governance and the health workforce. A qualitative analysis of Health System Assessment (HSA) data, a rapid indicator-based methodology that determines the key strengths and weaknesses of a health system using a set of internationally recognized indicators, was completed to determine how 20 low- and middle-income countries are operationalizing health governance to improve health workforce performance. Results/discussion The 20 countries assessed showed mixed progress in implementing the eight governance principles. Strengths highlighted include increasing the transparency of financial flows from sources to providers by implementing and institutionalizing the National Health Accounts methodology; increasing responsiveness to population health needs by training new cadres of health workers to address shortages and deliver care to remote and rural populations; having structures in place to register and provide licensure to medical professionals upon entry into the public sector; and implementing pilot programs that apply financial and non-financial incentives as a means to increase efficiency. Common weaknesses emerging in the HSAs include difficulties with developing, implementing and evaluating health workforce policies that outline a strategic vision for the health workforce; implementing continuous licensure and regulation systems to hold health workers

  6. 49 CFR 604.6 - Government officials on official government business.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Government officials on official government...) FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CHARTER SERVICE Exceptions § 604.6 Government officials on official government business. (a) A recipient may provide charter service to government...

  7. 49 CFR 604.6 - Government officials on official government business.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Government officials on official government...) FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CHARTER SERVICE Exceptions § 604.6 Government officials on official government business. (a) A recipient may provide charter service to government...

  8. 49 CFR 604.6 - Government officials on official government business.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Government officials on official government...) FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CHARTER SERVICE Exceptions § 604.6 Government officials on official government business. (a) A recipient may provide charter service to government...

  9. 49 CFR 604.6 - Government officials on official government business.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Government officials on official government...) FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CHARTER SERVICE Exceptions § 604.6 Government officials on official government business. (a) A recipient may provide charter service to government...

  10. 49 CFR 604.6 - Government officials on official government business.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Government officials on official government...) FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CHARTER SERVICE Exceptions § 604.6 Government officials on official government business. (a) A recipient may provide charter service to government...

  11. U.S. Government Supports Low Emission Economic Growth

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Countries around the world face the challenge of maintaining long-term sustainable economic growth and development under the threat of climate change. By identifying and pursuing a sustainable development pathway now, they are better positioned to reach their economic growth goals while addressing climate change impacts and lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Low emission development strategies - development plans that promote sustainable social and economic development while reducing long-term GHG emissions - provide a pathway to preparing for a global low emission future. Partner country governments are working with the U.S. government through the Enhancing Capacity for Low Emission Development Strategiesmore » (EC-LEDS) program to further their national development objectives.« less

  12. Can experience-based household food security scales help improve food security governance?

    PubMed

    Pérez-Escamilla, Rafael

    2012-12-01

    Experience-based food security scales (EBFSSs) have been shown to be valid across world regions. EBFSSs are increasingly been included in national food and nutrition assessments and food hardship items have been added to regional and global public opinion polls. EBFSSs meet the SMART criteria for identifying useful indicators. And have the potential to help improve accountability, transparency, intersectoral coordination and a more effective and equitable distribution of resources. EBFSSs have increased awareness about food and nutrition insecurity in the court of public opinion. Thus, it's important to understand the potential that EBFSSs have for improving food and nutrition security governance within and across countries. The case of Brazil illustrates the strong likelihood that EBFSSs do have a strong potential to influence food and governance from the national to the municipal level. A recent Gallup World Poll data analysis on the influence of the '2008 food crisis' on food hardship illustrates how even a single item from EBFSSs can help examine if food security governance in different world regions modifies the impact of crises on household food insecurity. Systematic research that bridges across economics, political science, ethics, public health and program evaluation is needed to better understand if and how measurement in general and EBFSSs in particular affect food security governance.

  13. National energy policy

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1973-01-01

    The efforts of the U.S. government to cope with the national energy crisis are discussed. The provisions of several legislative actions to implement the actions for energy conservation are examined. Immediate conservation measures and the long range planning for energy resources are reported.

  14. We Are the New Nation (Nous Sommes La Nouvelle Nation). The Metis and National Native Policy.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Daniels, Harry W.

    A compilation of six policy statements, the booklet is intended to draw attention to the suppression of the rights of indigenous peoples (specifically, the Canadian Metis) by an inflexible federalist system of government, misguided national policies, and land claim settlements such as the 1978 COPE settlement. It is also intended to propose…

  15. Occupational accidents in the Finnish local government sector: utilisation of national statistics.

    PubMed

    Nenonen, Noora

    2011-12-01

    Occupational accidents in the Finnish local government sector in 2004 are analysed by gender, age and occupation class in order to identify particular risk groups. The accident data are compared with data concerning the number of employees, using frequency distributions and accident incidence rates. The possibilities of providing occupation class-specific accident incidence rates are also discussed. According to the results, commuting accidents are more common and severe in the local government sector than in general in Finland. In the local public sector occupational accidents more often involved women than men. Compared to other age groups and occupational classes, occupational accidents are more common in the age band of 45-54 and in the occupational class of medical and nursing work. However, compared to the employees' data, men and younger employees had an increased workplace accident risk, while women and older employees had an increased risk of commuting accidents. The highest accident incidence rate was in farming and animal husbandry work. Currently, the calculation of occupation class-specific accident incidence rates is difficult. Improving the consistency of the occupation classifications used in the various data sources would facilitate more reliable calculation of rates.

  16. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: clinical governance issues.

    PubMed

    Fields, P A; Goldstone, A H

    2002-09-01

    Every patient in every part of the world has the right to expect the best possible quality of care from health care providers. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are an extremely heterogeneous group of conditions which require important decisions to be taken at many points along the treatment pathway. To get this right every time requires that high-quality standards are instituted and adhered to, so that the best possible outcome is achieved. In the past this has not always been the case because of the failure of clinicians sometimes to adhere to an optimal management plan. In 1995, the UK government commissioned an inquiry into the running of cancer services in the United Kingdom, which culminated in a series of recommendations to improve them. Subsequently, these recommendations were implemented as objectives of the NHS Cancer Plan which is the framework by which the UK government wishes to improve cancer services. Concurrently another general concept has emerged which is designed to ensure that the highest quality standards may be achieved for all patients across the whole National Health Service (NHS). This concept, termed 'clinical governance', brings together a corporate responsibility of all health care workers to deliver high quality standards, in the hope that this will translate into better long-term survival of patients with malignant disease. This chapter focuses on the issues surrounding clinical governance and how the principles of this concept relate to non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

  17. Comment on ``Communicating Government Science''

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lins, Harry F.

    2006-05-01

    Soroosh Sorooshian's editorial in the 18 April issue of Eos (87(16) 2005) is a timely reminder of the need for unambiguous guidelines governing the interactions between government scientists and the media. His comments implicitly recognize the central role that science plays in a modern democratic society, which includes informing policy at the highest levels of government and educating the general public about the world we inhabit. Federal research scientists, who constitute approximately 15 percent of the AGU's U.S. membership, have a unique public responsibility. They would welcome a consistent policy for the review and approval of publications, oral presentations, and media communications. An example of the value and success that such a policy can have to both science and the nation is evident in the operations of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). For more than a century, the USGS has had clear policies and procedures for ensuring the communication of accurate, high-quality, and impartial scientific information. These policies and procedures are set forth in the USGS Manual under sections entitled ``Approval by the director for outside publication and oral presentation,'' ``Review of USGS publications and abstracts of oral presentations for policy-sensitive issues,'' and ``News release and media relations policy.'' These policies are available online at http:// www.usgs.gov/usgs-manual/500/500-9.html (.../500-8.html and .../500 5.html).

  18. 41 CFR 102-76.10 - What basic design and construction policy governs Federal agencies?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    .... (c) Follow nationally recognized model building codes and other applicable nationally recognized codes that govern Federal construction to the maximum extent feasible and consider local building code requirements. (See 40 U.S.C. 3310 and 3312.) (d) Design Federal buildings to have a long life expectancy and...

  19. An interdependent analytic approach to explaining the evolution of NGOs, social movements, and biased government response to AIDS and tuberculosis in Brazil.

    PubMed

    Gómez, Eduardo J

    2013-02-01

    The politics of government response to health epidemics is a new area of scholarly research. Nevertheless, to date scholars have not considered how social science theory can be used and interdependently linked to provide a more thorough discussion of civil societal and national government response to different types of health epidemics. Introducing what I call an interdependent analytic framework of government response to epidemics, this article illustrates how social science theories can be interdependently linked and applied to help explain the evolutionary role of interest groups and social movements in response to AIDS and tuberculosis in Brazil, and when and why the government eventually responded more aggressively to AIDS but not tuberculosis. Evidence from Brazil suggests that the policy influence of interest groups and social movements evolves over time and is more influential after the national government implements new policies; moreover, this response is triggered by the rise of international pressures and government reputation building, not civil society. I highlight new areas of research that the framework provides and provide examples of how this approach can help explain civil societal and biased government responses to different types of epidemics in other nations.

  20. Drinking Water Quality Governance: A Comparative Case Study of Brazil, Ecuador, and Malawi.

    PubMed

    Kayser, Georgia L; Amjad, Urooj; Dalcanale, Fernanda; Bartram, Jamie; Bentley, Margaret E

    2015-04-01

    Human health is greatly affected by inadequate access to sufficient and safe drinking water, especially in low and middle-income countries. Drinking water governance improvements may be one way to better drinking water quality. Over the past decade, many projects and international organizations have been dedicated to water governance; however, water governance in the drinking water sector is understudied and how to improve water governance remains unclear. We analyze drinking water governance challenges in three countries-Brazil, Ecuador, and Malawi-as perceived by government, service providers, and civil society organizations. A mixed methods approach was used: a clustering model was used for country selection and qualitative semi-structured interviews were used with direct observation in data collection. The clustering model integrated political, economic, social and environmental variables that impact water sector performance, to group countries. Brazil, Ecuador and Malawi were selected with the model so as to enhance the generalizability of the results. This comparative case study is important because similar challenges are identified in the drinking water sectors of each country; while, the countries represent diverse socio-economic and political contexts, and the selection process provides generalizability to our results. We find that access to safe water could be improved if certain water governance challenges were addressed: coordination and data sharing between ministries that deal with drinking water services; monitoring and enforcement of water quality laws; and sufficient technical capacity to improve administrative and technical management of water services at the local level. From an analysis of our field research, we also developed a conceptual framework that identifies policy levers that could be used to influence governance of drinking water quality on national and sub-national levels, and the relationships between these levers.

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