News, Tours, & Events - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You This Week The Sky This Week, 2018 May 22 - 29 More... Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command, 1100

Oceanography: the present and future

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brewer, P.G.

This volume is the proceedings of a symposium held September 29 to October 2, 1980 at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The book is the companion volume to ''Oceanography: the Past'' also published by Springer-Verlag. The papers are organized not by conventional disciplinary topics but by the ''scale'' of the oceanographic process: Part I, Small and Local Scale Oceanography; Part II, Regional Scale Oceanography; Part III, Global Scale Oceanography; and Part IV, The Human Scale. The articles presented, however, do not summarize such projects but give recognizable disciplinary summariesmore » and predictions in line with the subtitle of the book. In general, the articles are classed by this scale concept, although ''Shoreline Research'' by Pilkey and ''The Oceans Nearby'' by Murphy are better placed in the section The Human Scale and Bolin's ''Changing Global Biogeochemistry'' switched from The Human Scale to Global Scale as indicated by the title. This volume should be of value to marine geologists and geochemists, sedimentologists, and public-interest (environmental) geologists interested in oceanographic processes.« less

Oceanography. Boy Scouts of America Merit Badge Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boy Scouts of America, Irving, TX.

Presented are various activities and projects intended to help Boy Scouts earn a merit badge in oceanography. Each project and/or activity is related to a requirement (objective) found in a list at the beginning of the booklet. Topic areas and/or related activities and projects include: (1) nature of oceanography (naming oceanography branches,…

Annual Tropical Cyclone Reports - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You Center Norfolk new site for Atlantic Tropical Warnings Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command, 1100

Physics as an Integrative Theme in Oceanography.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Myers, Richard L.

1990-01-01

The teaching of physics as an integral part of an undergraduate oceanography course is described. A general outline of oceanography and the corresponding physics topics is given. The objectives, organization, and difficulties of such a course are discussed. (CW)

Fleet Weather Center- San Diego, California - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You Oceanography Portal at its new location: http://www.metoc.navy.mil/fwcsd/fwc-sd.html USNO Master Clock Time for Atlantic Tropical Warnings Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command, 1100 Balch Blvd, Stennis

Mentoring Women in Physical Oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gerber, Lisa M.; Lozier, M. Susan

2010-08-01

MPOWIR Pattullo Conference; Charleston, South Carolina, 23-26 May 2010; Initiated in 2004, Mentoring Physical Oceanography Women to Increase Retention (MPOWIR) is a community-initiated and community-led program aimed at providing mentoring to junior women in physical oceanography to improve their retention in the field. The centerpiece of the MPOWIR program is the Pattullo Conference, a two-and-a-half-day mentoring event held biannually. The second conference was held in South Carolina. The conference is named for June Pattullo, the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in physical oceanography. The goals of the Pattullo Conference are to build community networks among junior and senior scientists, to provide junior scientists with feedback on their current and planned research projects, to provide advice to junior scientists on their career goals, to introduce both senior and junior scientists to aspects of professional development, and to raise awareness of issues confronting junior women among the senior scientist community.

News! from the Naval Observatory - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You More... Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command, 1100 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529

The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO) - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You Center Norfolk new site for Atlantic Tropical Warnings Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command, 1100

In Pursuit of Oceanography and a Better Life for All.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hollister, Charles D.

1983-01-01

Discusses the nature of and activities in marine geology/geophysics, oceanographic engineering, physical oceanography, chemical oceanography, and biological oceanography. This information, which includes comments on major employment positions (academic, government, industry, consulting), is provided to help students select possible careers in…

Chemical Oceanography and the Marine Carbon Cycle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Emerson, Steven; Hedges, John

The principles of chemical oceanography provide insight into the processes regulating the marine carbon cycle. The text offers a background in chemical oceanography and a description of how chemical elements in seawater and ocean sediments are used as tracers of physical, biological, chemical and geological processes in the ocean. The first seven chapters present basic topics of thermodynamics, isotope systematics and carbonate chemistry, and explain the influence of life on ocean chemistry and how it has evolved in the recent (glacial-interglacial) past. This is followed by topics essential to understanding the carbon cycle, including organic geochemistry, air-sea gas exchange, diffusion and reaction kinetics, the marine and atmosphere carbon cycle and diagenesis in marine sediments. Figures are available to download from www.cambridge.org/9780521833134. Ideal as a textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduates in oceanography, environmental chemistry, geochemistry and earth science and a valuable reference for researchers in oceanography.

LABORATORY EXERCISES IN OCEANOGRAPHY FOR HIGH SCHOOLS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.

DESCRIBED ARE LABORATORY EXERCISES IN OCEANOGRAPHY DEVELOPED FOR USE IN HIGH SCHOOLS BY THE SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN THE 1967 NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION (NSF) SUMMER INSTITUTE IN OCEANOGRAPHY AT FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY. INCLUDED ARE SUCH ACTIVITIES AS (1) THE MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE, WATER VAPOR, PRESSURE, SALINITY, DENSITY, AND OTHERS,…

Oceanography, Volume 5, Number 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-01

SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF COLOR PAGES WHICH DO NOT REPRODUCE LEGIBLY ON BLACK AND WHITE MICROFICHE. N k At H I R I OCEANOGRAPHY"SERVIN(i OAIrAN SCIENC!’ I\\ S APPLI...79 Cglw I;E.TU D Oceanographv (ISSN 1042-8275) is published by The Oceanography Society, 1701 K Street, NW.. #300. Washington. D.C., 20006-1509...focused on the exciting topic of "Words in Our Publications." The polarization of 1701 K Street, N W. #300Washington, D C 20006-1509 this topic quickly

Estuarine Oceanography. CEGS Programs Publication Number 18.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, F. F.

Estuarine Oceanography is one in a series of single-topic problem modules intended for use in undergraduate and earth science courses. Designed for those interested in coastal oceanography or limnology, the module is structured as a laboratory supplement for undergraduate college classes but should be useful at all levels. The module has two…

Astrometry - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You is the branch of astronomy concerned with the determination of positions, proper motions, and

Tour Information for USNO Washington DC - Naval Oceanography Portal

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What Oceanography Concepts are Taught in Ohio's Schools?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Skinner, Ray, Jr.; Martin, Ralph E., Jr.

1985-01-01

A survey listing 21 major oceanographic concepts and several sub-concepts was mailed to all Ohio earth science teachers. Respondents indicated that most of the oceanography topics taught were geologically-oriented. Oceanography concepts relating to ecology, chemical, physical or life science are considered less important. (DH)

Key Concepts in Microbial Oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bruno, B. C.; Achilles, K.; Walker, G.; Weersing, K.; Team, A

2008-12-01

The Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE) is a multi-institution Science and Technology Center, established by the National Science Foundation in 2006. C-MORE's research mission is to facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the diverse assemblages of microorganisms in the sea, ranging from the genetic basis of marine microbial biogeochemistry including the metabolic regulation and environmental controls of gene expression, to the processes that underpin the fluxes of carbon, related bioelements, and energy in the marine environment. The C-MORE education and outreach program is focused on increasing scientific literacy in microbial oceanography among students, educators, and the general public. A first step toward this goal is defining the key concepts that constitute microbial oceanography. After lengthy discussions with scientists and educators, both within and outside C-MORE, we have arrived at six key concepts: 1) Marine microbes are very small and have been around for a long time; 2) Life on Earth could not exist without microbes; 3) Most marine microbes are beneficial; 4) Microbes are everywhere: they are extremely abundant and diverse; 5) Microbes significantly impact our global climate; and 6) There are new discoveries every day in the field of microbial oceanography. A C-MORE-produced brochure on these six key concepts will be distributed at the meeting. Advanced copies may be requested by email or downloaded from the C-MORE web site(http://cmore.soest.hawaii.edu/downloads/MO_key_concepts_hi-res.pdf). This brochure also includes information on career pathways in microbial oceanography, with the aim of broadening participation in the field. C-MORE is eager to work in partnership to incorporate these key concepts into other science literacy publications, particularly those involving ocean and climate literacy. We thank the following contributors and reviewers: P Chisholm, A Dolberry, and A Thompson (MIT); N Lawrence

Macroecology: A Primer for Biological Oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, W. K. W.

2016-02-01

Macroecology is the study of ecological patterns discerned at a spatial, temporal, or organization scale higher than that at which the focal entities interact. Such patterns are statistical or emergent manifestations arising from the ensemble of component entities. Although macroecology is a neologism largely based in terrestrial and avian ecology, macroscopic patterns have long been recognised in biological oceanography. Familiar examples include Redfield elemental stoichiometry, Elton trophic pyramids, Sheldon biomass spectrum, and Margalef life-forms mandala. Macroecological regularities can often be found along various continua, such as along body size in power-law scaling or along habitat temperature in metabolic theory. Uniquely in oceanography, a partition of the world ocean continuum into Longhurst biogeochemical provinces provides a spatial organization well-suited for macroecological investigations. In this rational discrete approach, fundamental processes in physical and biological oceanography that differentiate a set of non-overlapping ocean regions also appear to shape the macroecological structure of phytoplankton communities.

Physics in Oceanography.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Charnock, H.

1980-01-01

Described is physical oceanography as analyzed by seven dependent variables, (three components of velocity, the pressure, density, temperature and salinity) as a function of three space variables and time. Topics discussed include the heat balance of the earth, current patterns in the ocean, heat transport, the air-sea interaction, and prospects…

Argo workstation: a key component of operational oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dong, Mingmei; Xu, Shanshan; Miao, Qingsheng; Yue, Xinyang; Lu, Jiawei; Yang, Yang

2018-02-01

Operational oceanography requires the quantity, quality, and availability of data set and the timeliness and effectiveness of data products. Without steady and strong operational system supporting, operational oceanography will never be proceeded far. In this paper we describe an integrated platform named Argo Workstation. It operates as a data processing and management system, capable of data collection, automatic data quality control, visualized data check, statistical data search and data service. After it is set up, Argo workstation provides global high quality Argo data to users every day timely and effectively. It has not only played a key role in operational oceanography but also set up an example for operational system.

From satellite altimetry to operational oceanography and Argo: three revolutions in oceanography (Fridtjof Nansen Medal Lecture)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Le Traon, P. Y.

2012-04-01

The launch of the US/French mission Topex/Poseidon (T/P) (CNES/NASA) in August 1992 was the start of a revolution in oceanography. For the first time, a very precise altimeter system optimized for large scale sea level and ocean circulation observations was flying. Topex/Poseidon revolutionized our vision and understanding of the ocean. It provided new views of the large scale seasonal and interannual sea level and ocean circulation variations. T/P alone could not observe the mesoscale circulation. In the 1990s, the ESA satellites ERS-1/2 were flying simultaneously with T/P. The ERS-1/2 orbit was well adapted for mesoscale circulation sampling but the orbit determination and altimeter performance were much less precise than for T/P. We demonstrated that we could use T/P as a reference mission for ERS-1/2 and bring the ERS-1/2 data to an accuracy level comparable to T/P. This was an essential first step for the merging of T/P and ERS-1/2. The second step required the development of a global optimal interpolation method. Near real time high resolution global sea level anomaly maps were then derived. These maps have been operationally produced as part of the SSALTO/DUACS system for the last 15 years. They are now widely used by the oceanographic community and have contributed to a much better understanding and recognition of the role and importance of mesoscale dynamics. The unique capability of satellite altimetry to observe the global ocean in near real time at high resolution was essential to the development of global ocean forecasting, a second revolution in oceanography. The Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) (1998-2008) was phased with the T/P and ERS-1/2 successors (Jason-1 and ENVISAT) and was instrumental in the development of global operational oceanography capabilities. Europe played a leading role in GODAE. In 1998, the global in-situ observing system was inadequate for the global scope of GODAE. This led to the development of Argo, an

From marine ecology to biological oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mills, Eric L.

1995-03-01

Looking back from the 1990s it seems natural to view the work done in the Biologische Anstalt Helgoland by Friedrich Heincke and his colleagues, beginning in 1892, as marine ecology or marine biology, and that done in Kiel, under Victor Hensen and Karl Brandt, as biological oceanography. But historical analysis shows this view to be untenable. Biological oceanography, as a research category and a profession, does not appear until at least the 1950's. In the German tradition of marine research, “Ozeanographie”, originating in 19th century physical geography, did not include the biological sciences. The categories “Meereskunde” and “Meeresforschung” covered all aspects of marine research in Germany from the 1890's to the present day. “Meeresbiologie” like that of Brandt, Heincke, and other German marine scientists, fitted comfortably into these. But in North America no such satisfactory professional or definitional structure existed before the late 1950's. G. A. Riley, one of the first biological oceanographers, fought against descriptive, nonquantitative American ecology. In 1951 he described biological oceanography as the “ecology of marine populations”, linking it with quantitative population ecology in the U.S.A. By the end of the 1960's the U.S. National Science Foundation had recognized biological oceanography as a research area supported separately from marine biology. There was no need for the category “biological oceanography” in German marine science because its subject matter lay under the umbrella of “Meereskunde” or “Meeresforschung”. But in North America, biological oceanography — a fundamental fusion of physics and chemistry with marine biology — was created to give this marine science a status higher than that of the conceptually overloaded ecological sciences. The sociologists Durkheim and Mauss claimed in 1903 that, “the classification of things reproduces the classification of men”; similarly, in science, the

The sixth conference on satellite meteorology and oceanography

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hauth, F.F.; Purdom, J.F.W.

The Sixth Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography was held in conjunction with the AMS Annual Meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, the week of 6 January 1992. Over 150 scientific papers were presented orally or in poster sessions. Joint sessions were held with the Symposium on Weather Forecasting and the Eighth International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology. The quality of the papers in the preprint volume, as well as in the presentations at both oral and poster sessions, reflects the robustness of national and international operational and research interests in satellite meteorology and oceanography.more » A preprint volume for this conference is available through the AMS.« less

Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You ) provides a wide range of astronomical data and products, and serves as the official source of time for the U.S. Department of Defense and a standard of time for the entire United States. The following NMOC

Connecting Oceanography and Music

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beauregard, J. L.

2016-02-01

Capturing and retaining the interest of non-science majors in science classes can be difficult, no matter what type of science. At Berklee College of Music, this challenge is especially significant, as all students are music majors. In my Introductory Oceanography course, I use a final project as a way for the students to link class material with their own interests. The students may choose any format to present their projects to the class; however, many students write and perform original music. The performances of ocean-themed music have become a huge draw of the Introductory Oceanography course. In an effort to expand the reach of this music, several colleagues and I organized the first Earth Day event at Berklee, `Earthapalooza 2015.' This event included performances of music originally written for the final projects, as well as other musical performances, poetry readings, guest talks, and information booths. Although the idea of an Earth Day event is not new, this event is unique in that student performances really resonate with the student audience. Additionally, since many of these students will enter professional careers in the performance and recording industries, the potential exists for them to expose large audiences to the issues of oceanography through music. In this presentation, I will play examples of original student compositions and show video of the live student performances. I will also discuss the benefits and challenges of the final projects and the Earth Day event. Finally, I will highlight the future plans to continue ocean-themed music at Berklee.

Data Assembly and Processing for Operational Oceanography: 10 Years of Achievements

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-07-20

Processing for Operational Oceanography: 10 Years of Acheivements 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 0602435N 6... operational oceanography infrastructure. They provide data and products needed by modeling and data assimilation systems; they also provide products...directly useable for applications. The paper will discuss the role and functions of the data centers for operational oceanography and describe some of

An oceanography summer school in Ghana, West Africa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arbic, B. K.; Ansong, J. K.; Johnson, W.; Nyadjro, E. S.; Nyarko, E.

2016-02-01

Because oceanography is a global science, it clearly benefits from the existence of a world-wide network of oceanographers. As with most STEM disciplines, sub-Saharan Africa is not as well represented in the field of oceanography as it should be, given its large population. The need for oceanographers in sub-Saharan Africa is great, due to a long list of ocean-related issues affecting African development, including but not limited to fishing, oil drilling, sea level rise, coastal erosion, shipping, and piracy. We view this as an opportunity as well as a challenge. Many of the world's fastest growing economies are in sub-Saharan Africa, and STEM capacity building could further fuel this growth. With support from the US National Science Foundation, we ran an oceanography summer school from August 24-27, 2015, at the Regional Maritime University (RMU) in Ghana, West Africa. This first summer school was lecture-based, with a focus on basic chemical oceanography, basic physical oceanography, ocean modeling, and satellite oceanography. About 35 participants came to almost every lecture, and about 20 other participants came to some of the lectures as their time permitted. The participants included RMU faculty, 12 students from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, one Associate Oceanographer from the University of Ghana, and some participants from private sector companies and Ghanaian governmental agencies. There were long and lively discussions at the end of each lecture, and there was a lengthy discussion at the conclusion of the school on how to improve future summer schools. In 2016 and 2017, we plan to divide into smaller groups so that participants can pursue their particular interests in greater depth, and to allow time for student presentations. We also plan to begin exploring the potential for research partnerships, and to utilize distance learning to involve more faculty and students from locations throughout Ghana and perhaps from even other

Graduate students in oceanography: Recruitment, success, and career prospects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nowell, Arthur R. M.; Hollister, Charles D.

Graduate education, student quality, stipend support, and subsequent employment form a triad of concern to many oceanographers. While the number of graduate degree programs in oceanography in the U.S. exceeds 50, remarkably few data are available on numbers of student applications, student survival rates, the quality of the applicants and accepted students, and their subsequent employment.Consequently, most discussions within an institution are based on data from a single school, while most statements made to federal government program managers by scientists are based on personal perceptions and feelings. With the emerging global initiatives, which are very labor intensive, it appears appropriate to ask, “Is there an impending crisis in graduate education in oceanography?” Widespread concern about availability of new talent, the quality of incoming students, and the overall national crisis in science and engineering student recruitment has led many scientists to state that oceanography has widespread problems in terms of student numbers and, more importantly, quality. Often, when a scientist does not find a student in the spring application rites, the scientist declares there is a national shortage of well-qualified students. Moreover, in certain subdisciplines of the field (e.g., physical oceanography) the crisis is perceived as severe and immediate, though as we shall see, physical oceanography is in an improving mode and is also experiencing an interesting increase in the numbers of well-qualified women applicants.

Assessment of Differences in University Oceanography Students' Scientific Writing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Takao, Allison Y.; Kelly, Gregory J.

The purpose of this paper is to assess the differences in university oceanography students' scientific writing. Specifically, the authors examine the argumentation structures of a high scoring paper and a low scoring paper. This study was conducted in an introductory level oceanography course in a large public university. In this course students…

Developing Online Oceanography at UCSB

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prothero, W. A.; Dodson, H.

2001-12-01

Oceanography at UCSB is an introductory general education science course taken by up to 200 students per quarter. The emphasis is on learning science process by engaging in authentic science activities that use real earth data. Recently, to increase student motivation, the course has been modified to include an Earth Summit framework. The online support being developed for this course is the first step in the creation of a completely online oceanography class. Foundation software was first tested in the class during Spring 2001. Online activities that are supported are writing and instructor feedback, online threaded discussion with live chat and graphics, automatically graded homeworks and games, auto graded quizzes with questions randomly selected from a database, and thought problems graded by the instructor(s). Future plans include integration with commercial course management software. To allow choice of assignments, all course activities totaled110%. Since grades were based on A=90-100, B=80-90, C= 70-80, etc, it was possible to get a better than A grade. Students see the effect (on their grade) of each assignment by calculating their current course grade. Course activities included (most of which are automatically graded): weekly lab homeworks, weekly mini-quizzes (10 multiple choice questions selected at random from a topic database), weekly thought questions (graded by the TA), 3 written assignments, and "Question of the Day" from lecture (credit given for handing it in), The online writing software allowed students to enter their writing, edit and link to graphic images, print the paper, and electronically hand it in. This has the enormous advantage of allowing the instructor and TA's convenient access to all student papers. At the end of the course, students were asked how effective each of the course activities were in learning the course material. On a five point scale, ranging from highest contribution to lowest, the percentage of students giving

Charney's Influence on Modern Oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cane, M. A.

2017-12-01

In this talk I will review some of Jule Charney's impacts on current oceanographic research. He was of course a major seminal figure in geophysical fluid dynamics, an approach to understanding the atmosphere and oceans that has been thoroughly absorbed in contemporary thinking. In oceanography, his publications make vorticity dynamics the centerpiece of his analysis. Here I pursue two other aspects of his work. The first is to note that his 1955 paper "The Gulf Stream as an inertial boundary layer" appears to be the earliest numerical model in oceanography. The second is that his work on the equatorial undercurrent leads to a simplification of equatorial ocean structure that was exploited by Zebiak and Cane in their model for ENSO, and thus structures later views of how equatorial ocean dynamics influence sea surface temperature.

Tropical Applications - Naval Oceanography Portal

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are here: Home › FNMOC › Tropical Applications FNMOC Logo FNMOC Navigation Meteorology Products Oceanography Products Tropical Applications Climatology and Archived Data Info Tropical Applications Satellite

Astronomy - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You are here: Home › Astronomy USNO Logo USNO Astronomical Applications AA Data Services Astronomical Optical/IR Products VLBI-based Products Astrometry Information Center Info Astronomy The Sky This Week a

Software - Naval Oceanography Portal

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A Study of Enlisted Training and Education in Applied Oceanography.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schriner, Karl Leonard

The study concludes that the primary reason for present programs of enlisted training and education in oceanography is to support Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW). There is a significant lack of courses, schools, and self-study material available to enlisted personnel on the subject of oceanography. Through more extensive training the aviation ASW…

Additional Resources - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You , including research and development results. Includes Astronomy and Space, as well as Earth and Ocean Sciences subject categories. Astronomy Resources Union List of Astronomy Serials (ULAS) - Bibliographic

Software Products - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You astronomy. Available as Fortran, C, or Python source code. Current version: 3.1 Software Products by Our computer or programmable calculator. Standards Of Fundamental Astronomy (SOFA) Libraries The International

Curriculum Outline for a General Oceanography Field Laboratory (Review Cycle-Annual).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schlenker, Richard M.

A curriculum guide, in outline form, for oceanography field laboratories is presented. Designed to complement and expand upon an oceanography lecture course, it provides a list of objectives related to student experiences in three areas: (1) operating oceanographic equipment; (2) gathering, manipulating, and evaluating data; and (3) writing formal…

Oceanography and Mine Warfare

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-03-13

of breaking waves , the position and strength of surface currents, and the propagation of the tide into very shallow waters. In the surf zone...6) sediment properties determine shock wave propagation , a method for mine neutralization in the surf zone. 48 OCEANOGRAPHY AND MINE WARFARE...mines will be buried in the sediments, sedimentary explosive shock wave propagation is critical for determining operational performance. Presently, we

Astronomical Applications - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You Information Center Background information on common astronomical phenomena, calendars and time, and related topics Rise, Set, and Twilight Definitions World Time Zone Map Phases of the Moon and Percent of the Moon

Application of optimal data assimilation techniques in oceanography

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Miller, R.N.

Application of optimal data assimilation methods in oceanography is, if anything, more important than it is in numerical weather prediction, due to the sparsity of data. Here, a general framework is presented and practical examples taken from the author`s work are described, with the purpose of conveying to the reader some idea of the state of the art of data assimilation in oceanography. While no attempt is made to be exhaustive, references to other lines of research are included. Major challenges to the community include design of statistical error models and handling of strong nonlinearity.

Earth Orientation - Naval Oceanography Portal

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Data Services - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You the Earth's surface for any date and time. Apparent Disk of Solar System Object Creates a synthetic image of the telescopic appearance of the Moon or other solar system object for specified date and time

Contact Information Regarding Products - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You UTGPS (GPS-based UT1-like quantity). Astronomy Products Astronomical phenomena, astronomical data

Precise Time - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You are here: Home › USNO › Precise Time USNO Logo USNO Navigation Master Clock GPS Display Clocks TWSTT Telephone Time NTP Info Precise Time The U. S. Naval Observatory is charged with maintaining the

The Structure of Oceanography in China.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Churgin, James

1984-01-01

Describes the structure of marine science in China. Includes organization and activities of China's National Bureau of Oceanography and programs administered through various ministries, Academia Sinica (China's Academy of Sciences), universities, and provincial institutes. Comments on research vessionals and other development initiatives are also…

Astronomy Help - Naval Oceanography Portal

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Telephone Time - Naval Oceanography Portal

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Time Help - Naval Oceanography Portal

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Utilizing social media for informal ocean conservation and education: The BioOceanography Project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Payette, J.

2016-02-01

Science communication through the use of social media is a rapidly evolving and growing pursuit in academic and scientific circles. Online tools and social media are being used in not only scientific communication but also scientific publication, education, and outreach. Standards and usage of social media as well as other online tools for communication, networking, outreach, and publication are always in development. Caution and a conservative attitude towards these novel "Science 2.0" tools is understandable because of their rapidly changing nature and the lack of professional standards for using them. However there are some key benefits and unique ways social media, online systems, and other Open or Open Source technologies, software, and "Science 2.0" tools can be utilized for academic purposes such as education and outreach. Diverse efforts for ocean conservation and education will continue to utilize social media for a variety of purposes. The BioOceanography project is an informal communication, education, outreach, and conservation initiative created for enhancing knowledge related to Oceanography and Marine Science with an unbiased yet conservation-minded approach and in an Open Source format. The BioOceanography project is ongoing and still evolving, but has already contributed to ocean education and conservation communication in key ways through a concerted web presence since 2013, including a curated Twitter account @_Oceanography and BioOceanography blog style website. Social media tools like those used in this project, if used properly can be highly effective and valuable for encouraging students, networking with researchers, and educating the general public in Oceanography.

VLBI-based Products - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You terrestrial reference frames and to predict the variable orientation of the Earth in three-dimensional space antennas that define a VLBI-based Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) and the Earth Orientation Parameters

USNO Scientific Colloquia - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

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Oceanography for Landlocked Classrooms. Monograph V.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Madrazo, Gerry M., Jr., Ed.; Hounshell, Paul B., Ed.

This monograph attempts to show the importance of bringing marine biology into science classrooms, discusses what makes the ocean so important and explains why oceanography should be included in the science curriculum regardless of where students live. Section I, "Getting Started," includes discussions on the following: (1) "Why Marine Biology?";…

Remote sensing for oceanography: Past, present, future

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcgoldrick, L. F.

1984-01-01

Oceanic dynamics was traditionally investigated by sampling from instruments in situ, yielding quantitative measurements that are intermittent in both space and time; the ocean is undersampled. The need to obtain proper sampling of the averaged quantities treated in analytical and numerical models is at present the most significant limitation on advances in physical oceanography. Within the past decade, many electromagnetic techniques for the study of the Earth and planets were applied to the study of the ocean. Now satellites promise nearly total coverage of the world's oceans using only a few days to a few weeks of observations. Both a review of the early and present techniques applied to satellite oceanography and a description of some future systems to be launched into orbit during the remainder of this century are presented. Both scientific and technologic capabilities are discussed.

Publications about Products - Naval Oceanography Portal

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An Earth Summit in a Large General Education Oceanography Class

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dodson, H.; Prothero, W. A.

2001-12-01

An Earth Summit approach in UCSB's undergraduate physical oceanography course has raised student interest level while it also supports the course goals of increased learner awareness of the process of science, and critical analysis of scientific claims. At the beginning of the quarter, each group of students chooses a country to represent in the Earth Summit. During the course of the quarter, these groups relate each of the class themes to their chosen country. Themes include 1) ocean basins and plate tectonics, 2) atmospheres, oceans and climate, and 3) fisheries. Students acquire and utilize Earth data to support their positions. Earth data sources include the "Our Dynamic Planet" CDROM (http://oceanography.geol.ucsb.edu/ODP_Advert/odp_onepage.htm), NOAA's ocean and climate database (http://ferret.wrc.noaa.gov/las/), WorldWatcher CD (http://www.worldwatcher.northwestern.edu/) and JPL's Seawinds web site (http://haifung.jpl.nasa.gov/index.html). During the atmospheres, oceans and climate theme, students choose from 12 mini-studies that use various kinds of on-line Earth data related to important global or regional phenomena relevant to the course. The Earth datasets that the students access for their analysis include: winds; atmospheric pressure; ocean chemistry; sea surface temperature; solar radiation; precipitation, etc. The first group of 6 mini-studies focus on atmosphere and ocean, and are: 1) global winds and surface currents, 2) atmosphere and ocean interactions, 3) stratospheric ozone depletion, 4) El Nino, 5) Indian monsoon, and 6) deep ocean circulation. The second group focus on the Earth's heat budget and climate and are: 1) influence of man's activities on the climate, 2) the greenhouse effect, 3) seasonal variation and the Earth's heat budget, 4) global warming, 5) paleoclimate, and 6) volcanoes and climate. The students use what they have learned in these mini-studies to address atmospheric and climatic issues pertinent to their specific Earth

Leap Second Announcement - Naval Oceanography Portal

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Diploma of Higher Studies in Oceanography. Red Sea & Gulf of Aden Programme (PERSGA).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arab Organization for Education and Science, Cairo (Egypt).

This document presents four courses for the diploma of higher studies in oceanography conducted by the Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Egypt. These courses are organized by the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO). Each course is designed to be taught in one academic year…

VLBI-based Products - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You are here: Home › USNO › Earth Orientation › VLBI-based Products USNO Logo USNO Navigation Earth determine Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) is Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). USNO provides both

GPS timing products - Naval Oceanography Portal

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Warning Graphic Legend - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You The next radii represents 64 knot winds. Typhoon Back to top Time Labels Labels indicate the time of = universal time/Zulu Label Back to top Current Postion The current position is the black tropical cyclone

Historical Photos, Artwork, and Objects - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You along with a vast collection of rare astronomy texts. USNO Master Clock Time Javascript must be Enabled

Marine geology and oceanography of Arabian Sea and coastal Pakistan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Haq, B.U.; Milliman, J.D.

This volume is a collection of papers presented at the first US-Pakistan workshop in marine science held in Karachi, Pakistan, in November 1982. Of the twenty-four contributions in this book, fourteen cover topics specific to the Arabian Sea-coastal Pakistan region. These include six papers on the geology, tectonics, and petroleum potential of Pakistan, four papers on sedimentary processes in the Indus River delta-fan complex, and four papers on the biological oceanography of the Arabian Sea and coastal Pakistan. The additional ten papers are overviews of shelf sedimentation processes, paleoceanography, the marine nutrient cycle, and physical and chemical oceanography.

Dissertations Initiative for the Advancement of Limnology and Oceanography (DIALOG)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

The DIALOG Program was founded by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO), in order to reduce the historical, institutional and philosophical barriers that limit the exchange of information between limnologists and oceanographers, and to foster interdisciplinary and inter-institutional research. This was achieved by targeting a recent cohort of Ph.D. recipients whose work included a biological component of limnology or oceanography. The program included: (1) publication of the submitted Ph.D. dissertation abstracts; (2) a symposium to facilitate exchange across institutions and disciplines; and (3) establishment of a centralized data base for applicant characterization and tracking.

Earth Orientation Help - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You are here: Home › Help › Earth Orientation Help USNO Logo USNO Info Earth Orientation Help Send an e-mail regarding Earth Orientation products. Privacy Advisory Your E-Mail Address Subject ■ Select

USNO Master Clock - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You are here: Home › USNO › Precise Time › Master Clock USNO Logo USNO Navigation Master Clock GPS Display Clocks TWSTT Telephone Time NTP Info USNO Master Clock clock vault The USNO Master Clock is the

Network Time Protocol - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You are here: Home › USNO › Precise Time › NTP USNO Logo USNO Navigation Master Clock GPS Display Clocks TWSTT Telephone Time NTP Eastern TZ Mountain TZ DoD Customers Info Network Time Protocol Network

Oceanography Information System of Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tello, Olvido; Gómez, María; González, Sonsoles

2016-04-01

Since 1914, the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) performs multidisciplinary studies of the marine environment. In same case are systematic studies and in others are specific studies for special requirements (El Hierro submarine volcanic episode, spill Prestige, others.). Different methodologies and data acquisition techniques are used depending on studies aims. The acquired data are stored and presented in different formats. The information is organized into different databases according to the subject and the variables represented (geology, fisheries, aquaculture, pollution, habitats, etc.). Related to physical and chemical oceanography data, in 1964 was created the DATA CENTER of IEO (CEDO), in order to organize the data about physical and chemical variables, to standardize this information and to serve the international data network SeaDataNet. www.seadatanet.org. This database integrates data about temperature, salinity, nutrients, and tidal data. CEDO allows consult and download the data. http://indamar.ieo.es On the other hand, related to data about marine species in 1999 was developed SIRENO DATABASE. All data about species collected in oceanographic surveys carried out by researches of IEO, and data from observers on fishing vessels are incorporated in SIRENO database. In this database is stored catch data, biomass, abundance, etc. This system is based on architecture ORACLE. Due to the large amount of information collected over the 100 years of IEO history, there is a clear need to organize, standardize, integrate and relate the different databases and information, and to provide interoperability and access to the information. Consequently, in 2000 it emerged the first initiative to organize the IEO spatial information in an Oceanography Information System, based on a Geographical Information System (GIS). The GIS was consolidated as IEO institutional GIS and was created the Spatial Data Infrastructure of IEO (IDEO) following trend of INSPIRE. All

Tenth AMS Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ferraro, R.; Colton, M.; Deblonde, G.; Jedlovec, G.; Lee, T.

2000-01-01

The American Meteorological Society held its Tenth Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography in conjunction with the 80th Annual Meeting in Long Beach, California. For the second consecutive conference, a format that consisted of primarily posters, complemented by invited theme oriented oral presentations, and panel discussions on various aspects on satellite remote sensing were utilized. Joint sessions were held with the Second Conference on Artificial Intelligence, the Eleventh Conference on Middle Atmosphere, and the Eleventh symposium on Global Change Studies. In total, there were 23 oral presentations, 170 poster presentations, and four panel discussions. Over 450 people representing a wide spectrum of the society attended one or more of the sessions in the five-day meeting. The program for the Tenth Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography can viewed in the October 1999 issue of the Bulletin.

Biological Oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abbott, M. R.

1984-01-01

Within the framework of global biogeochemical cycles and ocean productivity, there are two areas that will be of particular interest to biological oceanography in the 1990s. The first is the mapping in space time of the biomass and productivity of phytoplankton in the world ocean. The second area is the coupling of biological and physical processes as it affects the distribution and growth rate of phytoplankton biomass. Certainly other areas will be of interest to biological oceanographers, but these two areas are amenable to observations from satellites. Temporal and spatial variability is a regular feature of marine ecosystems. The temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton biomass and productivity which is ubiquitous at all time and space scales in the ocean must be characterized. Remote sensing from satellites addresses these problems with global observations of mesocale (2 to 20 days, 10 to 200 km) features over a long period of time.

From Chaos To MAOS: Launching an Oceanography High School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Marlene

1997-01-01

Discusses the background of a specialty high school in Monterey Bay, California focusing on oceanography. Describes the collaborative research relationship that exists between the school and the scientific community. (DDR)

Astronomical Information Center - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You the Moon Illuminated Time Universal Time and Greenwich Mean Time What is Terrestrial Time? Computing Greenwich Apparent Sidereal Time What are the U.S. Time Zones? World Time Zone Map When Does Daylight Time

The Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC) - Naval

Science.gov Websites

Prediction Charts (EFS). WxMAP depictions of NAVGEM predictions for side-by-side comparison with NCEP global NWP model (GFS) are also available. Oceanography Products This area provides Global & Regional

The Sky This Week - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You . Read More... The Sky This Week, 2018 April 17 - 24 Celebrate Dark-sky Week and Astronomy Day! Read More More... The Sky This Week, 2018 April 3 - 10 April is Astronomy Month...no fooling. Read More... The

Physical oceanography of continental shelves

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Allen, J.S.; Beardlsey, R.C.; Blanton, J.O.

Knowledge of the physical oceanography of continental shelves has increased tremendously in recent years, primarily as a result of new current and hydrographic measurements made in locations where no comparable measurements existed previously. In general, observations from geographically distinct continental shelves have shown that the nature of the flow may vary considerably from region to region. Although some characteristics, such as the response of currents to wind forcing, are common to many shelves, the relative importance of various physical processes in influencing the shelf flow field frequently is different. In the last several years, the scientific literature on shelf studiesmore » has expanded rapidly, with that for separate regions, to some extent, developing independently because of the variable role played by different physical effects. Consequently, it seems that a simultaneous review of progress in physical oceanographic research in different shelf regions would be especially useful at this time in order to help assess the overall progress in the field. This multi-author report has been compiled as a result. Included are sections on the physical oceanography of continental shelves, in or off of, the eastern Bering Sea, northern Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Northwest, southern California, west Florida, southeastern US, Middle Atlantic Bight, Georges Bank and Peru. These discussions clearly point to the diverse nature of the dominant physics in several of the regions, as well as to some of the dynamical features they share in common. 390 references, 23 figures.« less

Connecting Middle School, Oceanography, and the Real World.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Susan W.; Hansen, Terri M.

2000-01-01

Introduces an activity that features 16 oceanography work stations and integrates other disciplines. Assigns students different oceanic life forms and requires students to work in stations. Explains seven of 16 stations which cover oil spills, the periodic table, ocean floor, currents, and classification of oceanic organisms. (YDS)

Oceanography, the new Frontier for the Twenty-First Century

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marshall, Nelson

1973-01-01

Discusses the discipline of oceanography and some of its specific areas of concern. Describes the major resources of the oceans and reflects on how these may be utilized and shared by nations in the future. (JR)

Genomic perspectives in microbial oceanography.

PubMed

DeLong, Edward F; Karl, David M

2005-09-15

The global ocean is an integrated living system where energy and matter transformations are governed by interdependent physical, chemical and biotic processes. Although the fundamentals of ocean physics and chemistry are well established, comprehensive approaches to describing and interpreting oceanic microbial diversity and processes are only now emerging. In particular, the application of genomics to problems in microbial oceanography is significantly expanding our understanding of marine microbial evolution, metabolism and ecology. Integration of these new genome-enabled insights into the broader framework of ocean science represents one of the great contemporary challenges for microbial oceanographers.

Web-Based Time Synchronization - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You are here: Home › USNO › Precise Time › Display Clocks USNO Logo USNO Navigation Master Clock GPS Display Clocks TWSTT Telephone Time NTP Info Web-Based Time Synchronization Web time displays from the

Using Oceanography to Support Active Learning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Byfield, V.

2012-04-01

Teachers are always on the lookout for material to give their brightest students, in order to keep them occupied, stimulated and challenged, while the teacher gets on with helping the rest. They are also looking for material that can inspire and enthuse those who think that school is 'just boring!' Oceanography, well presented, has the capacity to do both. As a relatively young science, oceanography is not a core curriculum subject (possibly an advantage), but it draws on the traditional sciences of biology, chemistry, physic and geology, and can provide wonderful examples for teaching concepts in school sciences. It can also give good reasons for learning science, maths and technology. Exciting expeditions (research cruises) to far-flung places; opportunities to explore new worlds, a different angle on topical debates such as climate change, pollution, or conservation can bring a new life to old subjects. Access to 'real' data from satellites or Argo floats can be used to develop analytical and problem solving skills. The challenge is to make all this available in a form that can easily be used by teachers and students to enhance the learning experience. We learn by doing. Active teaching methods require students to develop their own concepts of what they are learning. This stimulates new neural connections in the brain - the physical manifestation of learning. There is a large body of evidence to show that active learning is much better remembered and understood. Active learning develops thinking skills through analysis, problem solving, and evaluation. It helps learners to use their knowledge in realistic and useful ways, and see its importance and relevance. Most importantly, properly used, active learning is fun. This paper presents experiences from a number of education outreach projects that have involved the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton, UK. All contain some element of active learning - from quizzes and puzzles to analysis of real data from

Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command exhibit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

Designed to entertain while educating, StenniSphere at the John C. Stennis Space Center in Hancock County, Miss., includes informative displays and exhibits from NASA and other agencies located at Stennis, such as this one from the Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command. Visitors can 'travel' three-dimensionally under the sea and check on the weather back home in the Weather Center. StenniSphere is open free of charge from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily.

A Resource Guide for Oceanography and Coastal Processes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walker, Sharon H., Ed.; Damon-Randall, Kimberly, Ed.; Walters, Howard D., Ed.

This resource guide was developed for elementary, middle, and high school teachers to teach about oceanography and coastal processes. This guide contains information on the program's history and names and contact information for all Operation Pathfinder participants since 1993. The body is divided into 6 topics. Topic 1 is on Physical Parameters,…

Physical oceanography and tracer chemistry of the southern ocean

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

This report considers technical and scientific developments and research questions in studies of the Southern Ocean since its predecessor, /open quotes/Southern Ocean Dynamics--A Strategy for Scientific Exploration 1973-1983/close quotes/ was published. The summary lists key research questions in Southern Ocean oceanography. Chapter 1 describes how Southern Ocean research has evolved to provide the basis for timely research toward more directed objectives. Chapter 2 recommends four research programs, encompassing many of the specific recommendations that follow. Appendix A provides the scientific background and Reference/Bibliography list for this report for: on air-sea-ice interaction; the Antarctic Circumpolar Current; water mass conversion; chemical tracermore » oceanography; and numerical modeling of the Southern Ocean. Appendix B describes the satellite-based observation systems expected to be active during the next decade. Appendix C is a list of relevant reports published during 1981-1987. 146 refs.« less

Applied Coastal Oceanography--A Course That Integrates Science and Business.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Montvilo, Jerome A.; Levin, Douglas R.

1998-01-01

Describes a course designed to teach students the fundamentals of coastal oceanography and the scientific methodologies used in studying this field. Business applications of this information also play an important role in the course. (DDR)

SWOT Oceanography and Hydrology Data Product Simulators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peral, Eva; Rodriguez, Ernesto; Fernandez, Daniel Esteban; Johnson, Michael P.; Blumstein, Denis

2013-01-01

The proposed Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission would demonstrate a new measurement technique using radar interferometry to obtain wide-swath measurements of water elevation at high resolution over ocean and land, addressing the needs of both the hydrology and oceanography science communities. To accurately evaluate the performance of the proposed SWOT mission, we have developed several data product simulators at different levels of fidelity and complexity.

Secretary of the Navy Professor of Oceanography

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-11-18

of better predicting polar ice melting processes and the associated global rise in sea level. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Wind-drag, ocean surface roughness...Ross Sea with the goal of better predicting polar ice melting processes and the associated global rise in sea level. PUBLICATIONS Farrell, W. and W...Oceanography, LaJolla, CA; 12 May 2011 Attended: International Symposium on Interactions of Glaciers and Ice Sheets with the Ocean SIO, Scripps Institution

Two-way Satellite Time Transfer - Naval Oceanography Portal

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section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You are here: Home › USNO › Precise Time › TWSTT USNO Logo USNO Navigation Master Clock GPS Display Clocks TWSTT What is TWSTT? Operational Services Calibration Services Precision Telephone Time NTP Info

Shedding Light on the Sea: André Morel's Legacy to Optical Oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antoine, David; Babin, Marcel; Berthon, Jean-François; Bricaud, Annick; Gentili, Bernard; Loisel, Hubert; Maritorena, Stéphane; Stramski, Dariusz

2014-01-01

André Morel (1933-2012) was a prominent pioneer of modern optical oceanography, enabling significant advances in this field. Through his forward thinking and research over more than 40 years, he made key contributions that this field needed to grow and to reach its current status. This article first summarizes his career and then successively covers different aspects of optical oceanography where he made significant contributions, from fundamental work on optical properties of water and particles to global oceanographic applications using satellite ocean color observations. At the end, we share our views on André's legacy to our research field and scientific community.

Shedding light on the sea: André Morel's legacy to optical oceanography.

PubMed

Antoine, David; Babin, Marcel; Berthon, Jean-François; Bricaud, Annick; Gentili, Bernard; Loisel, Hubert; Maritorena, Stéphane; Stramski, Dariusz

2014-01-01

André Morel (1933-2012) was a prominent pioneer of modern optical oceanography, enabling significant advances in this field. Through his forward thinking and research over more than 40 years, he made key contributions that this field needed to grow and to reach its current status. This article first summarizes his career and then successively covers different aspects of optical oceanography where he made significant contributions, from fundamental work on optical properties of water and particles to global oceanographic applications using satellite ocean color observations. At the end, we share our views on André's legacy to our research field and scientific community.

Equatorial oceanography. [review of research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cane, M. A.; Sarachik, E. S.

1983-01-01

United States progress in equatorial oceanography is reviewed, focusing on the low frequency response of upper equatorial oceans to forcing by the wind. Variations of thermocline depth, midocean currents, and boundary currents are discussed. The factors which determine sea surface temperature (SST) variability in equatorial oceans are reviewed, and the status of understanding of the most spectacular manifestation of SST variability, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation phenomenon, is discussed. The problem of observing surface winds, regarded as a fundamental factor limiting understanding of the equatorial oceans, is addressed. Finally, an attempt is made to identify those current trends which are expected to bear fruit in the near and distant future.

The United States Naval Observatory (USNO) - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You Orientation Precise Time James M. Gilliss Library News, Tours & Events About Us Info The United States positions and motion of celestial bodies, motions of the Earth, and precise time. USNO provides tailored

Introductory Oceanography Taught as a Laboratory Science--An Experiment That Worked.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Franz E.

1979-01-01

Describes a college level introductory oceanography course that incorporates a hands-on laboratory component. The activities include the determination of density and buoyancy, light transmission in sea water, and wave refraction. (MA)

Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command exhibit entrance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

StenniSphere at NASA's John C. Stennis Space Center in Hancock County, Miss., invites visitors to discover why America comes to Stennis Space Center before going into space. Designed to entertain while educating, StenniSphere includes informative displays and exhibits from NASA and other agencies located at Stennis, such as this one from the Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command. Visitors can 'travel' three-dimensionally under the sea and check on the weather back home in the Weather Center.

The Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Allison, M. D.; Chandler, C. L.; Groman, R. C.; Wiebe, P. H.; Glover, D. M.; Gegg, S. R.

2011-12-01

Oceanography and marine ecosystem research are inherently interdisciplinary fields of study that generate and require access to a wide variety of measurements. In late 2006 the Biological and Chemical Oceanography Sections of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Geosciences Directorate Division of Ocean Sciences (OCE) funded the Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). In late 2010 additional funding was contributed to support management of research data from the NSF Office of Polar Programs Antarctic Organisms & Ecosystems Program. The BCO-DMO is recognized in the 2011 Division of Ocean Sciences Sample and Data Policy as one of several program specific data offices that support NSF OCE funded researchers. BCO-DMO staff members offer data management support throughout the project life cycle to investigators from large national programs and medium-sized collaborative research projects, as well as researchers from single investigator awards. The office manages and serves all types of oceanographic data and information generated during the research process and contributed by the originating investigators. BCO-DMO has built a data system that includes the legacy data from several large ocean research programs (e.g. United States Joint Global Ocean Flux Study and United States GLOBal Ocean ECosystems Dynamics), to which data have been contributed from recently granted NSF OCE and OPP awards. The BCO-DMO data system can accommodate many different types of data including: in situ and experimental biological, chemical, and physical measurements; modeling results and synthesis data products. The system enables reuse of oceanographic data for new research endeavors, supports synthesis and modeling activities, provides availability of "real data" for K-12 and college level use, and provides decision-support field data for policy-relevant investigations. We will present an overview of the data management system capabilities including: map

The Sky This Week, 2015 December 15 - 22 - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You . Even my high-school astronomy teacher, who served as a gunnery officer on a convoy transport in World

New developments in satellite oceanography and current measurements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Huang, N. E.

1979-01-01

Principal satellite remote sensing techniques and instruments are described and attention is given to the application of such techniques to ocean current measurement. The use of radiometers, satellite tracking drifters, and altimeters for current measurement is examined. Consideration is also given to other applications of satellite remote sensing in physical oceanography, including measurements of surface wind stress, sea state, tides, ice, sea surface temperature, salinity, ocean color, and oceanic leveling.

Multibeam synthetic aperture radar for global oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jain, A.

1979-01-01

A single-frequency multibeam synthetic aperture radar concept for large swath imaging desired for global oceanography is evaluated. Each beam iilluminates a separate range and azimuth interval, and images for different beams may be separated on the basis of the Doppler spectrum of the beams or their spatial azimuth separation in the image plane of the radar processor. The azimuth resolution of the radar system is selected so that the Doppler spectrum of each beam does not interfere with the Doppler foldover due to the finite pulse repetition frequency of the radar system.

Bringing the Ocean into the Social Studies Classroom: What Can Oceanography Do for Sixth through Twelfth Grade Social Studies?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nagel, Paul B.; Earl, Richard A.

2003-01-01

In this article, the authors show how oceanography can enlighten and energize the teaching of middle- and high-school social studies on a grade-by-grade basis, and they describe "hooks" from oceanography that will heighten students' interest in various social studies topics. They base the article on their own experiences--as a…

Developments in Airborne Oceanography and Air-Sea Interaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Melville, W. K.

2014-12-01

One of the earliest ocean-related flights was that of Amundsen to be first across the North Pole and Arctic from Svalbard to Alaska in the airship Norge in 1926. Twenty five years later Cox & Munk flew a B-17G "Flying Fortress" bomber over Hawaiian waters measuring sea surface slope statistics from photographs of sun glitter and wind speed from a yacht. The value of Cox & Munk's "airborne oceanography" became apparent another twenty five years later with the short-lived Seasat microwave remote-sensing mission, since interpretation of the Seasat data in geophysical variables required scattering theories that relied on their data. The universal acceptance of remote sensing in oceanography began in 1992 with the launch of, and successful analysis of sea surface height data from, the Topex/Poseidon radar altimeter. With that and the development of more realistic coupled atmosphere-ocean models it became apparent that our understanding of weather and climate variability in both the atmosphere and the ocean depends crucially on our ability to measure processes in boundary layers spanning the interface. Ten years ago UNOLS formed the Scientific Committee for Oceanographic Aircraft Research (SCOAR) "...to improve access to research aircraft facilities for ocean sciences"; an attempt to make access to aircraft as easy as access to research vessels. SCOAR emphasized then that "Aircraft are ideal for both fast-response investigations and routine, long-term measurements, and they naturally combine atmospheric measurements with oceanographic measurements on similar temporal and spatial scales." Since then developments in GPS positioning and miniaturization have made scientific measurements possible from smaller and smaller platforms, including the transition from manned to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Furthermore, ship-launched and recovered UAVs have demonstrated how they can enhance the capabilities and reach of the research vessels, "projecting" research and science

The Epistemological Framing of a Discipline: Writing Science in University Oceanography.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kelly, Gregory J.; Chen, Catherine; Prothero, William

2000-01-01

Examines how instruction in scientific writing in a university oceanography course communicated epistemological positions of the discipline. Uses an ethnographic perspective to explore how teachers and students came to define particular views of disciplinary knowledge. Identifies epistemological issues such as uses of evidence, role of expertise,…

Coupling biology and oceanography in models.

PubMed

Fennel, W; Neumann, T

2001-08-01

The dynamics of marine ecosystems, i.e. the changes of observable chemical-biological quantities in space and time, are driven by biological and physical processes. Predictions of future developments of marine systems need a theoretical framework, i.e. models, solidly based on research and understanding of the different processes involved. The natural way to describe marine systems theoretically seems to be the embedding of chemical-biological models into circulation models. However, while circulation models are relatively advanced the quantitative theoretical description of chemical-biological processes lags behind. This paper discusses some of the approaches and problems in the development of consistent theories and indicates the beneficial potential of the coupling of marine biology and oceanography in models.

Skills Conversion Project: Chapter 10, Ocean Engineering and Oceanography. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Society of Professional Engineers, Washington, DC.

In order to determine the potential utilization of displaced aerospace and defense technical professionals in oceanography and ocean engineering, a study of ocean-oriented industry in Florida and Southern California was conducted by The National Society of Professional Engineers for the U.S. Department of Labor. After recent consolidation, this…

Letter exchange documents 50 years of progress in oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leipper, Dale F.; Lewis, John M.

During World War II the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) became involved in the oceanographic training of officers. This, combined with a rekindling of interest in the Pacific Ocean during and after the war, catapulted SIO in the late 1940s to a position of prominence in oceanographic education. The leader of the institution, both administratively and academically, was Harald Sverdrup (Figure 1). When he became director in 1936, only five graduate students were enrolled.

Let's Talk About You and Sharks, American Oceanography Special Educational Newsletter.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kraft, Thomas L.; Miloy, Leatha

1971-01-01

This special educational newsletter of the American Society for Oceanography presents information on marine oriented subjects, primarily for reading by junior high and secondary school students. Major articles consider the habits and stinging effects of sharks, jelly fish, and sting rays, and what one should do if stung by these fish while…

Effective, Active Learning Strategies for the Oceanography Classroom

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dmochowski, J. E.; Marinov, I.

2014-12-01

A decline in enrollment in STEM fields at the university level has prompted extensive research on alternative ways of teaching and learning science. Inquiry-based learning as well as the related "flipped" or "active" lectures, and similar teaching methods and philosophies have been proposed as more effective ways to disseminate knowledge in science classes than the traditional lecture. We will provide a synopsis of our experiences in implementing some of these practices into our Introductory Oceanography, Global Climate Change, and Ocean Atmosphere Dynamics undergraduate courses at the University of Pennsylvania, with both smaller and larger enrollments. By implementing tools such as at-home modules; computer labs; incorporation of current research; pre- and post-lecture quizzes; reflective, qualitative writing assignments; peer review; and a variety of in-class learning strategies, we aim to increase the science literacy of the student population and help students gain a more comprehensive knowledge of the topic, enhance their critical thinking skills, and correct misconceptions. While implementing these teaching techniques with college students is not without complications, we argue that a blended class that flexibly and creatively accounts for class size and science level improves the learning experience and the acquired knowledge. We will present examples of student assignments and activities as well as describe the lessons we have learned, and propose ideas for moving forward to best utilize innovative teaching tools in order to increase science literacy in oceanography and other climate-related courses.

Microbial oceanography: paradigms, processes and promise.

PubMed

Karl, David M

2007-10-01

Life on Earth most likely originated as microorganisms in the sea. Over the past approximately 3.5 billion years, microorganisms have shaped and defined Earth's biosphere and have created conditions that have allowed the evolution of macroorganisms and complex biological communities, including human societies. Recent advances in technology have highlighted the vast and previously unknown genetic information that is contained in extant marine microorganisms, from new protein families to novel metabolic processes. Now there is a unique opportunity, using recent advances in molecular ecology, metagenomics, remote sensing of microorganisms and ecological modelling, to achieve a comprehensive understanding of marine microorganisms and their susceptibility to environmental variability and climate change. Contemporary microbial oceanography is truly a sea of opportunity and excitement.

The Sky This Week, 2016 February 2 - 9 - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You Moon occurs on the 8th at 9:39 am Eastern Daylight Time. Look for Luna about four degrees northwest of same time! According to folklore, the lack of a shadow cast by an indigenous rodent in rural

Officer Education and Training in Oceanography for ASW and Other Naval Applications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waterman, Larry Wayne

The study into the knowledge and experience required for optimum performance by officers assigned to operational, R & D, and managerial duties in Anti-submarine Warfare concludes that oceanography should receive the major emphasis on an interdisciplinary graduate level program of the contributing disciplines in ASW. In planning education and…

Oceanography of the Chilean Patagonia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pantoja, Silvio; Luis Iriarte, José; Daneri, Giovanni

2011-03-01

Chilean Patagonia is one of the most extended fjord regions in the world that covers nearly 240,000 km 2 with an extremely complex coastline and topography in one of the least densely populated areas of the country (1-8 inhabitants every 10 km 2). In recent years, the area has been undergoing somewhat intense pressure since several commercial projects in hydroelectricity, tourism, and commercial salmon and mytilid cultures have been developed, or are in progress. Concomitantly, several large research programs have been devised to study the physical, chemical, and biological environment of Patagonia, such as the CIMAR FIORDO, and recently COPAS Sur-Austral based at Universidad de Concepcion, that attempts to close the bridge between oceanographic knowledge and its use by society. In this introductory article we summarize the collection of papers comprising this Special Issue of Continental Shelf Research. These papers deal with aspects of regional oceanography and geology, inorganic and organic geochemistry, ecology of pelagic and benthic organisms, and past changes in productivity.

The Sky This Week, 2016 March 8 - 15 - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You This Week, 2016 March 8 - 15 Info The Sky This Week, 2016 March 8 - 15 Springing forward in time week, waxing to First Quarter on the 15th at 1:03 pm Eastern Daylight Time. She joins the stars of the

The Sky This Week, 2016 April 5 - 12 - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You to the evening sky this week, with New Moon falling on the 7th at 7:24 am Eastern Daylight Time. Try . Take some time this week to consider the night sky and the wonderful resource that it truly is. During

The Sky This Week, 2016 April 12 - 19 - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You constellations. First Quarter occurs on the 13th at 11:59 pm Eastern daylight Time. Luna will pass just over a time to talk about artificial night lighting and its role in reducing our view of the sky. It's a great

The status of coastal oceanography in heavily impacted Yellow and East China Sea: Past trends, progress, and possible futures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xiao Hua; Cho, Yang-Ki; Guo, Xinyu; Wu, Chau-Ron; Zhou, Junliang

2015-09-01

Coastal environments are a key location for transport, commercial, residential and defence infrastructure, and have provided conditions suitable for economic growth. They also fulfil important cultural, recreational and aesthetic needs; have intrinsic ecosystem service values; and provide essential biogeochemical functions such as primary productivity, nutrient cycling and water filtration. The rapid expansion in economic development and anticipated growth of the population in the coastal zones along the Yellow and East China Sea basin has placed this region under intense multiple stresses. Here we aim to: 1) synthesize the new knowledge/science in coastal oceanography since 2010 within the context of the scientific literature published in English; 2) report on a citation analysis that assesses whether new research topics have emerged and integrated over time, indicate the location of modelling and field-based studies; and 3) suggest where the new research should develop for heavily impacted estuaries and coastal seas of East Asia. The conclusions of the synthesis include: 1) China has emerged as a dominant force in the region in producing scientific literature in coastal oceanography, although the area of publications has shifted from its traditional fields such as physical oceanography; 2) there has been an increasing number of publications with cross-disciplinary themes between physical oceanography and other fields of the biological, chemical, and geological disciplines, but vigorous and systematic funding mechanisms are still lacking to ensure the viability of large scale multi-disciplinary teams and projects in order to support trans-disciplinary research and newly emerging fields; 3) coastal oceanography is responding to new challenges, with many papers studying the impacts of human activities on marine environment and ecology, but so far very few studying management and conservation strategies or offering policy solutions.

Short Training Course in Oceanography. Red Sea & Gulf of Aden Programme (PERSGA).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arab Organization for Education and Science, Cairo (Egypt).

This document presents a training course in oceanography intended for Junior Bachelor of Science (B.S.) graduates in physics, mathematics, chemistry, zoology, botany or geology to give them the minimum qualifications required to work in any of the marine science stations. This 14-week course, organized by the Arab League Educational, Cultural and…

Polar Seas Oceanography: An Integrated Case Study of the Kara Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harms, Ingo

2004-02-01

What strikes first when browsing through this book is that the main title is misleading. Polar Seas Oceanography is, first of all, a book on ``an integrated case study of the Kara Sea,'' as the subtitle says. For readers who are interested more generally in polar oceanography, the book is probably the wrong choice. The Kara Sea is a rather shallow shelf sea within the Arctic Ocean, located between the Barents Sea to the west and the Laptev Sea to the east. The importance of the Kara Sea is manifold: climate change issues like ice formation and freshwater runoff, environmental problems from dumping of radioactive waste or oil exploitation, and finally, the Northern Sea route, which crosses large parts of the Kara Sea, underline the economical and ecological relevance of that region. In spite of severe climate conditions, the Kara Sea is relatively well investigated. This was achieved through intense oceanographic expeditions, aircraft surveys, and polar drift stations. Russian scientists from the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) carried out a major part of this outstanding work during the second half of the last century.

In the Footsteps of Roger Revelle: Seagoing Oceanography for Middle School Science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brice, D.; Foley, S.; Knox, R. A.; Mauricio, P.

2007-12-01

Now in its fourth year, "In the Footsteps of Roger Revelle" (IFRR) is a middle school science education program that draws student interest, scientific content and coherence with National Science Standards from real-time research at sea in fields of physical science. As a successful collaboration involving Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Naval Research (ONR), National Science Foundation (NSF), San Diego County Office of Education (SDCOE), and San Marcos Middle School (SMMS), IFRR brings physical oceanography and related sciences to students at the San Marcos Middle School in real-time from research vessels at sea using SIO's HiSeasNet satellite communication system. With their science teacher on the ship as an education outreach specialist or ashore guiding students in their interactions with selected scientists at sea, students observe shipboard research being carried out live via videoconference, daily e-mails, interviews, digital whiteboard sessions, and web interaction. Students then research, design, develop, deploy, and field-test their own data-collecting physical oceanography instruments in their classroom. The online interactive curriculum encourages active inquiry with intellectually stimulating problem-solving, enabling students to gain critical insight and skill while investigating some of the most provocative questions of our time, and seeing scientists as role- models. Recent science test scores with IFRR students have shown significant increases in classes where this curriculum has been implemented as compared to other classes where the traditional curriculum has been used. IFRR has provided students in the San Diego area with a unique opportunity for learning about oceanographic research, which could inspire students to become oceanographers or at least scientifically literate citizens - a benefit for a country that depends

Syllabus for an Associate Degree Program in Applied Marine Biology and Oceanography.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Banerjee, Tapan

Included is a detailed outline of the content of each course required or offered as an elective in the associate degree program. With an 18 or 19 unit load each semester the program requires two years, and includes 64 hours at sea every semester. In addition to chemistry, physics, biology, and oceanography courses, there is a required course in…

IEOOS: the Spanish Institute of Oceanography Observing System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tel, E.; Balbin, R.; Cabanas, J. M.; Garcia, M. J.; Garcia-Martinez, M. C.; Gonzalez-Pola, C.; Lavin, A.; Lopez-Jurado, J. L.; Rodriguez, C.; Ruiz-Villarreal, M.; Sanchez-Leal, R. F.; Vargas-Yanez, M.; Velez-Belchi, P.

2015-10-01

Since its foundation, 100 years ago, the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) has been observing and measuring the ocean characteristics. Here is a summary of the initiatives of the IEO in the field of the operational oceanography (OO). Some systems like the tide gauges network has been working for more than 70 years. The IEO standard sections began at different moments depending on the local projects, and nowadays there are more than 180 coastal stations and deep-sea ones that are systematically sampled, obtaining physical and biochemical measurements. At this moment, the IEO Observing System (IEOOS) includes 6 permanent moorings equipped with currentmeters, an open-sea ocean-meteorological buoy offshore Santander and an SST satellital image reception station. It also supports the Spanish contribution to the ARGO international program with 47 deployed profilers, and continuous monitoring thermosalinometers, meteorological stations and ADCP onboard the IEO research vessels. The system is completed with the IEO contribution to the RAIA and Gibraltar observatories, and the development of regional prediction models. All these systematic measurements allow the IEO to give responses to ocean research activities, official agencies requirements and industrial and main society demands as navigation, resource management, risks management, recreation, etc, as well as for management development pollution-related economic activities or marine ecosystems. All these networks are linked to international initiatives, framed largely in supranational programs Earth observation sponsored by the United Nations or the European Union. The synchronic observation system permits following spatio-temporal description of some events, as new deep water formation in the Mediterranean Sea and the injection of heat to intermediate waters in the Bay of Biscay after some colder northern storms in winter 2005.

Ecosystem oceanography for global change in fisheries.

PubMed

Cury, Philippe Maurice; Shin, Yunne-Jai; Planque, Benjamin; Durant, Joël Marcel; Fromentin, Jean-Marc; Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie; Stenseth, Nils Christian; Travers, Morgane; Grimm, Volker

2008-06-01

Overexploitation and climate change are increasingly causing unanticipated changes in marine ecosystems, such as higher variability in fish recruitment and shifts in species dominance. An ecosystem-based approach to fisheries attempts to address these effects by integrating populations, food webs and fish habitats at different scales. Ecosystem models represent indispensable tools to achieve this objective. However, a balanced research strategy is needed to avoid overly complex models. Ecosystem oceanography represents such a balanced strategy that relates ecosystem components and their interactions to climate change and exploitation. It aims at developing realistic and robust models at different levels of organisation and addressing specific questions in a global change context while systematically exploring the ever-increasing amount of biological and environmental data.

Digital image enhancement techniques used in some ERTS application problems. [geology, geomorphology, and oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goetz, A. F. H.; Billingsley, F. C.

1974-01-01

Enhancements discussed include contrast stretching, multiratio color displays, Fourier plane operations to remove striping and boosting MTF response to enhance high spatial frequency content. The use of each technique in a specific application in the fields of geology, geomorphology and oceanography is demonstrated.

Applying Argumentation Analysis To Assess the Quality of University Oceanography Students' Scientific Writing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Takao, Allison Y.; Prothero, William A.; Kelly, Gregory J.

2002-01-01

Presents the methods and results of an assessment of students' scientific writing. Studies an introductory oceanography course in a large public university that used an interactive CD-ROM, "Our Dynamic Planet". Analyzes the quality of students' written arguments by using a grading rubric and an argumentation analysis model. Includes 18…

The Sky This Week, 2016 February 23 - March 1 - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You Time. Luna rises with Jupiter on the evening of the 23rd, then passes the bright star Spica in the wee goes back to the time of Ptolemy, but it was the Roman emperor Julius Caesar who first gave us our

The Pale Blue Dot: Utilizing Real World Globes in High School and Undergraduate Oceanography Classrooms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rogers, D. B.

2017-12-01

Geoscience classrooms have benefitted greatly from the use of interactive, dry-erasable globes to supplement instruction on topics that require three-dimensional visualization, such as seismic wave propagation and the large-scale movements of tectonic plates. Indeed, research by Bamford (2013) demonstrates that using three-dimensional visualization to illustrate complex processes enhances student comprehension. While some geoscience courses tend to bake-in lessons on visualization, other disciplines of earth science that require three-dimensional visualization, such as oceanography, tend to rely on students' prior spatial abilities. In addition to spatial intelligence, education on the three-dimensional structure of the ocean requires knowledge of the external processes govern the behavior of the ocean, as well as the vertical and lateral distribution of water properties around the globe. Presented here are two oceanographic activities that utilize RealWorldGlobes' dry-erase globes to supplement traditional oceanography lessons on thermohaline and surface ocean circulation. While simultaneously promoting basic plotting techniques, mathematical calculations, and unit conversions, these activities touch on the processes that govern global ocean circulation, the principles of radiocarbon dating, and the various patterns exhibited by surface ocean currents. These activities challenge students to recognize inherent patterns within their data and synthesize explanations for their occurrence. Spatial visualization and critical thinking are integral to any geoscience education, and the combination of these abilities with engaging hands-on activities has the potential to greatly enhance oceanography education in both secondary and postsecondary settings

IEOOS: the Spanish Institute of Oceanography Observing System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tel, Elena; Balbin, Rosa; Cabanas, Jose-Manuel; Garcia, Maria-Jesus; Garcia-Martinez, M. Carmen; Gonzalez-Pola, Cesar; Lavin, Alicia; Lopez-Jurado, Jose-Luis; Rodriguez, Carmen; Ruiz-Villarreal, Manuel; Sánchez-Leal, Ricardo F.; Vargas-Yáñez, Manuel; Vélez-Belchí, Pedro

2016-03-01

Since its foundation, 100 years ago, the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) has been observing and measuring the ocean characteristics. Here is a summary of the initiatives of the IEO in the field of the operational oceanography. Some systems like the tide gauges network has been working for more than 70 years. The standard sections began at different moments depending on the local projects, and nowadays there are more than 180 coastal stations and deep-sea ones that are systematically sampled, obtaining physical and biochemical measurements. At this moment, the Observing System includes six permanent moorings equipped with current meters, an open-sea ocean-meteorological buoy offshore Santander and a sea-surface temperature satellite image station. It also supports the Spanish contribution to the Argo international programme with 47 deployed profilers, and continuous monitoring thermosalinometers, meteorological stations and vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers on the research vessel fleet. The system is completed with the contribution to the Northwest Iberian peninsula and Gibraltar observatories, and the development of regional prediction models. All these systematic measurements allow the IEO to give responses to ocean research activities, official agencies requirements and industrial and main society demands such as navigation, resource management, risks management, recreation, as well as for management development pollution-related economic activities or marine ecosystems. All these networks are linked to international initiatives, framed largely in supranational programmes of Earth observation sponsored by the United Nations or the European Union. The synchronic observation system permits a spatio-temporal description of some events, such as new deep water formation in the Mediterranean Sea and the injection of heat to intermediate waters in the Bay of Biscay after some colder northern storms in winter 2005.

Increasing Climate Literacy in Introductory Oceanography Classes Using Ocean Observation Data from Project Dynamo

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hams, J. E.

2015-12-01

This session will present educational activities developed for an introductory Oceanography lecture and laboratory class by NOAA Teacher-at-Sea Jacquelyn Hams following participation in Leg 3 of Project DYNAMO (Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation) in November-December 2011. The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is an important tropical weather phenomenon with origins in the Indian Ocean that impacts many other global climate patterns such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Northern Hemisphere monsoons, tropical storm development, and pineapple express events. The educational activities presented include a series of lessons based on the observational data collected during Project DYNAMO which include atmospheric conditions, wind speeds and direction, surface energy flux, and upper ocean turbulence and mixing. The lessons can be incorporated into any introductory Oceanography class discussion on ocean properties such as conductivity, temperature, and density, ocean circulation, and layers of the atmosphere. A variety of hands-on lessons will be presented ranging from short activities used to complement a lecture to complete laboratory exercises.

Research and Teaching: Implementation of Interactive Engagement Teaching Methods in a Physical Oceanography Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keiner, Louis E.; Gilman, Craig

2015-01-01

This study measures the effects of increased faculty-student engagement on student learning, success rates, and perceptions in a Physical Oceanography course. The study separately implemented two teaching methods that had been shown to be successful in a different discipline, introductory physics. These methods were the use of interactive…

The ARMADA Project: Bringing Oceanography and the Arctic to the Midwest

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pazol, J.

2010-12-01

In the fall of 2009, I spent 6 weeks aboard the Coast Guard Icebreaker Healy on a mapping expedition in the Arctic Ocean, through participation in the University of Rhode Island's ARMADA Project. Because I grew up in the Midwest, went to college here, and teach in the Chicago suburbs, I had limited first-hand experience in oceanography, as did most of my students. During my time aboard the ship, I primarily served as a member of the mapping team, collecting bathymetric and seismic data. My other science activities included aiding geologists and acoustic engineers in dredging projects and deployment of under-ice recording devices. I collected water data, sent off weather balloons, and assisted marine mammal observers. For the ARMADA Project I kept an on-line journal, which had a far-reaching impact. Students in many schools kept track of my activities and communicated with me via e-mail. Colleagues and friends shared the journal through other media, such as Facebook. Several of my entries were published in blogs belonging to NOAA and the USGS. I received a grant for renting a satellite phone, and through it was able to make "Live from the Arctic" phone calls. After introductory PowerPoints I communicated with more than 420 students in 5 schools in 3 states. When I returned, I made a series of presentations about the Arctic and my adventures to hundreds of people and was featured in an educational magazine with a circulation of more than 90,000. I also participated in an in-depth mentoring program with a new teacher to help her succeed during the first years of her career. The results: My students and I now have a direct connection to the Arctic and to the fields of oceanography, acoustic engineering, and geology. On their own initiative, students have developed individual projects exploring aspects of my research. They have attended presentations from the Extreme Ice Center and have become involved in drilling issues in the Chukchi Sea. A group of students is

The Sky This Week, 2016 January 27 - February 2 - Naval Oceanography

Science.gov Websites

Oceanography Ice You are here: Home › USNO › News, Tours & Events › Sky This Week › The Sky This Sky This Week The Sky This Week, 2016 January 27 - February 2 Info The Sky This Week, 2016 January 27 - February 2 Lest we forget. NOFS_Winter_2016_01small.jpg Dome of the Kaj Strand 1.55-meter (61-inch

1960-69 Cumulative Index of Articles Related to Oceanography and Limnology Education in The Science Teacher.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cohen, Maxwell

Indexed are articles relating to oceanography and limnology published in "The Science Teacher" between 1960 and 1969. Articles are indexed under title, author, and topic. Topics include background information, course descriptions, and laboratory equipment and techniques. (EB)

Epistemic Levels in Argument: An Analysis of University Oceanography Students' Use of Evidence in Writing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kelly, Gregory J.; Takao, Allison

2002-01-01

Examines university oceanography students' use of evidence in writing considering the relative epistemic status of propositions comprising student' written texts. Defines the epistemic levels by discipline-specific geological constructs from descriptions of data, to identification of features, to relational aspects of features, to theoretical…

Sailing for Science: on board experiences for transferring knowledge on Historical Oceanography for Future Innovation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garvani, Sara; Carmisciano, Cosmo; Locritani, Marina; Grossi, Luigi; Mori, Anna; Stroobant, Mascha; Schierano, Erika; De Strobel, Federico; Manzella, Giuseppe; Muzi, Enrico; Leccese, Dario; Sinapi, Luigi; Morellato, Claudio; La Tassa, Hebert; Talamoni, Roberta; Coelho, Emanuel; Nacini, Francesca

2017-04-01

Smart, sustainable and inclusive Blue Growth means also knowing past technology and the paths followed by ancients in order to understand and monitor marine environments. In general, history of Science is a matter that is not enough explored and explained or promoted in high schools or university official programmes, and, usually, scientist do not consider it as an important part of their curricula. However, bad or good ideas, abandoned or forgotten beliefs, concepts, opinions, do still have a great potential for inspiring present and future scientists, no matter in which historical period they may have been formulated: they should be always be taken into consideration, critically examined and observed by a very close point of view, not just as part of the intellectual framework of some obsolete 'Cabinet of Curiosities' with limited access except for the chosen few. Moreover, history of Science should be transmitted in a more practical way, with hands-on labs showing the limits and challenges that prior generations of ocean explorers, investigators and seafarers had to face in order to answer to crucial questions as self-orientation in open sea, understanding main currents and waves, predicting meteorological conditions for a safe navigation. Oceanography is a relatively young branch of science, and still needs further approvals and knowledge (National Science Foundation, 2000). The Scientific Dissemination Group (SDG) "La Spezia Gulf of Science" - made up by Research Centres, Schools and Cultural associations located in La Spezia (Liguria, Italy) - has a decadal experience in initiatives aimed at people and groups of people of all ages, who are keen on science or who can be guided in any case to take an interest in scientific matters (Locritani et al., 2015). Amongst the SDG activities, the tight relationship with the Historical Oceanography Society, the Italian Navy and the Naval Technical Museum (that collects a rich heritage of civilization, technology and

Northeastern Gulf of Mexico coastal and marine ecosystem program: Data search and synthesis, annotated bibliography. Appendix A: Physical oceanography. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

This study summarizes environmental and socioeconomic information related to the Florida Panhandle Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). It contains a conceptual model of active processes and identification of information gaps that will be useful in the design of future environmental studies in the geographic area. The annotated bibliography for this study is printer in six volumes, each pertaining to a specific topic. They are as follows: Appendix A--Physical Oceanography; Appendix B--Meteorology; Appendix C--Geology; Appendix D--Chemistry; Appendix E--Biology; and Appendix F--Socioeconomics. This volume contains bibliographic references pertaining to physical oceanography.

Developing a Teaching Assistant Preparation Program in the School of Oceanography, University of Washington.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McManus, Dean A.

2002-01-01

Reports on the development of a program preparing graduate students to teach in the School of Oceanography, University of Washington, in response to repeated graduate student complaints about the lack of a program. Describes the program which is based on surveys of groups affected by the program and research on teaching assistant preparation,…

Is the Oceanography of the New Zealand Subantarctic Region Responding to the Tropics?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Forcen-Vazquez, A. N.

2016-02-01

The Campbell Plateau, south of New Zealand plays an important role in New Zealand's regional climate and its oceanography may have a significant impact on fluctuations in fish stocks and marine mammal populations. It is located between the Subtropical and Subantarctic Fronts and exhibits marked variability over long time scales. It has been previously assumed, because of its location, that the Campbell Plateau oceanography is driven by Subantarctic and polar processes. Recent analysis, presented here, suggests this in not the case, and instead forcing comes from the tropics and subtropics. This is supported by positive correlations of Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) with SOI leading changes on the Campbell Plateau by two months for SLA and seven months for SST. Here we will present evidence of the similarity between the Campbell Plateau and the Tasman Sea SLA trends which suggests a closer relationship with the subtropical region. Satellite collected SLA data and SST from the last two decades are investigated to understand trends and long-term variability over the Campbell Plateau and its relationship with the surrounding open ocean, and other potential remote drivers of variability.

A community engagement project in an undergraduate oceanography course to increase engagement and representation in marine science among high school students

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clark, C. D.; Prairie, J. C.; Walters, S. A.

2016-02-01

In the context of undergraduate education in oceanography, we are constantly striving for innovative ways to enhance student learning and enthusiasm for marine science. Community engagement is a form of experiential education that not only promotes a better understanding of concepts among undergraduate students but also allows them to interact with the community in a way that is mutually beneficial to both parties. Here I present on my experience in incorporating a community engagement project in my undergraduate physical oceanography course at the University of San Diego (USD) in collaboration with Mission Bay High School (MBHS), a local Title 1 International Baccalaureate high school with a high proportion of low-income students and students from underrepresented groups in STEM. As part of this project, the undergraduate students from my physical oceanography course were challenged to develop interactive workshops to present to the high school students at MBHS on some topic in oceanography. Prior to the workshops, the USD students met with the high school students at MBHS during an introductory meeting in which they could learn about each other's interests and backgrounds. The USD students then worked in teams of three to design a workshop proposal in which they outlined their plan for a workshop that was interactive and engaging, relying on demonstrations and activities rather than lecture. Each of the three teams then presented their workshops on separate days in the Mission Bay High School classroom. Finally, the USD students met again with the high school students at MBHS for a conclusion day in which both sets of students could discuss their experiences with the community engagement project. Through the workshop itself and a reflection essay written afterwards, the USD students learned to approach concepts in oceanography from a different perspective, and think about how student backgrounds can inform teaching these concepts. I will describe preliminary

(abstract) Satellite Physical Oceanography Data Available From an EOSDIS Archive

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Digby, Susan A.; Collins, Donald J.

1996-01-01

The Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory archives and distributes data as part of the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS). Products available from JPL are largely satellite derived and include sea-surface height, surface-wind speed and vectors, integrated water vapor, atmospheric liquid water, sea-surface temperature, heat flux, and in-situ data as it pertains to satellite data. Much of the data is global and spans fourteen years.There is email access, a WWW site, product catalogs, and FTP capabilities. Data is free of charge.

NSF-Sponsored Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Allison, M. D.; Chandler, C. L.; Copley, N.; Galvarino, C.; Gegg, S. R.; Glover, D. M.; Groman, R. C.; Wiebe, P. H.; Work, T. T.; Biological; Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office

2010-12-01

Ocean biogeochemistry and marine ecosystem research projects are inherently interdisciplinary and benefit from improved access to well-documented data. Improved data sharing practices are important to the continued exploration of research themes that are a central focus of the ocean science community and are essential to interdisciplinary and international collaborations that address complex, global research themes. In 2006, the National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) funded the Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) to serve the data management requirements of scientific investigators funded by the National Science Foundation’s Biological and Chemical Oceanography Sections. BCO-DMO staff members work with investigators to manage marine biogeochemical, ecological, and oceanographic data and information developed in the course of scientific research. These valuable data sets are documented, stored, disseminated, and protected over short and intermediate time frames. One of the goals of the BCO-DMO is to facilitate regional, national, and international data and information exchange through improved data discovery, access, display, downloading, and interoperability. In May 2010, NSF released a statement to the effect that in October 2010, it is planning to require that all proposals include a data management plan in the form of a two-page supplementary document. The data management plan would be an element of the merit review process. NSF has long been committed to making data from NSF-funded research publicly available and the new policy will strengthen this commitment. BCO-DMO is poised to assist in creating the data management plans and in ultimately serving the data and information resulting from NSF OCE funded research. We will present an overview of the data management system capabilities including: geospatial and text-based data discovery and access systems; recent enhancements to data search tools; data

The International System of Units (SI) in Oceanography. Report of IAPSO Working Group on Symbols, Units and Nomenclature in Physical Oceanography (SUN). Unesco Technical Papers in Marine Science 45. IAPSO Publication Scientifique No. 32.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France). Div. of Marine Sciences.

This report introduces oceanographers to the International System of Units (SI) in physical oceanography. The SI constitutes a universal language, designed to be understood by all scientists. It facilitates their mutual comprehension and exchange of views and results of their work. The first part of the report is devoted to physical quantities,…

[Oceanography and King Dom Carlos I's collection of iconography].

PubMed

Jardim, Maria Estela; Peres, Isabel Marília; Ré, Pedro Barcia; Costa, Fernanda Madalena

2014-01-01

After the Challenger expedition (1872-1878), other nations started to show interest in oceanographic research and organizing their own expeditions. As of 1885, Prince Albert I of Monaco conducted oceanographic campaigns with the collaboration of some of the best marine biologists and physical oceanographers of the day, inventing new techniques and instruments for the oceanographic work. Prince Albert's scientific activity certainly helped kindle the interest of his friend, Dom Carlos I, king of Portugal, in the study of the oceans and marine life. Both shared the need to use photography to document their studies. This article analyzes the role of scientific photography in oceanography, especially in the expeditions organized by the Portuguese monarch.

The Indigo V Indian Ocean Expedition: a prototype for citizen microbial oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lauro, Federico; Senstius, Jacob; Cullen, Jay; Lauro, Rachelle; Neches, Russell; Grzymski, Joseph

2014-05-01

Microbial Oceanography has long been an extremely expensive discipline, requiring ship time for sample collection and thereby economically constraining the number of samples collected. This is especially true for under-sampled water bodies such as the Indian Ocean. Specialised scientific equipment only adds to the costs. Moreover, long term monitoring of microbial communities and large scale modelling of global biogeochemical cycles requires the collection of high-density data both temporally and spatially in a cost-effective way. Thousands of private ocean-going vessels are cruising around the world's oceans every day. We believe that a combination of new technologies, appropriate laboratory protocols and strategic operational partnerships will allow researchers to broaden the scope of participation in basic oceanographic research. This will be achieved by equipping sailing vessels with small, satcom-equipped sampling devices, user-friendly collection techniques and a 'pre-addressed-stamped-envelope' to send in the samples for analysis. We aim to prove that 'bigger' is not necessarily 'better' and the key to greater understanding of the world's oceans is to forge the way to easier and cheaper sample acquisition. The ultimate goal of the Indigo V Expedition is to create a working blue-print for 'citizen microbial oceanography'. We will present the preliminary outcomes of the first Indigo V expedition, from Capetown to Singapore, highlighting the challenges and opportunities of such endeavours.

Titan - a New Laboratory for Oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lorenz, R. D.

2001-12-01

Saturn's giant moon Titan has a thick (1.5 bar) nitrogen atmosphere, and quite probably large expanses of liquid hydrocarbons on its surface. The physical processes in these lakes and seas will open new vistas on oceanography and limnology. Although the Voyager-era paradigm of a deep, global ocean is ruled out by radar and infrared data showing that at least part of Titan's surface is icy, the photochemical arguments that originally led to the proposal of hydrocarbon oceans still apply. Even if the methane in the atmosphere is being resupplied by delivery from the interior, the ethane produced by photolysis would still accumulate to form large deposits on the surface. The near-infrared maps of Titan's surface from the Hubble Space Telescope and groundbased adaptive optics consistently show a number of dark (in fact, pitch-black!) regions that are strong candidates for hydrocarbon seas. These could be up to some 500km in extent. Titan promises to be a new laboratory for oceanography. Like in meteorology, many ocean processes are better parameterized than they are understood, and thus the different physical circumstances on Titan may shed new light on them. Titan has a lower gravity and its ocean fluids are of lower density, perhaps of lower viscosity (depending on solutes and suspended material) and probably rather more likely to cavitate. The ratio of atmospheric density to ocean density is much larger on Titan than on Earth, suggesting that liquid motions will be well-coupled to surface winds (although the distance from the sun is such that the energy in such winds is likely to be low.) Titan is also subject to strong tidal forces (the equilibrium tide due to Saturn's gravity is some 400x larger than that of the moon on Earth.) Although the 100m tidal bulge stays almost fixed because Titan rotates synchronously, the eccentricity of Titan's orbit leads to significant libration and variation in the tidal strength. The 500km seas allowed by the IR data may yet have a

Active-Learning Methods To Improve Student Performance and Scientific Interest in a Large Introductory Oceanography Course.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yuretich, Richard F.; Khan, Samia A.; Leckie, R. Mark; Clement, John J.

2001-01-01

Transfers the environment of a large enrollment oceanography course by modifying lectures to include cooperative learning via interactive in-class exercises and directed discussion. Results of student surveys, course evaluations, and exam performance demonstrate that learning of the subject under these conditions has improved. (Author/SAH)

Perspectives on chemical oceanography in the 21st century: Participants of the COME ABOARD Meeting examine aspects of the field in the context of 40 years of DISCO

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fassbender, Andrea J.; Palevsky, Hilary I.; Martz, Todd R.; Ingalls, Anitra E.; Gledhill, Martha; Fawcett, Sarah E.; Brandes, Jay; Aluwihare, Lihini; Anderson, Robert M.; Bender, Sara; Boyle, Ed; Bronk, Debbie; Buesseler, Ken; Burdige, David J.; Casciotti, Karen; Close, Hilary; Conte, Maureen; Cutter, Greg; Estapa, Meg; Fennel, Katja; Ferron, Sara; Glazer, Brian; Goni, Miguel; Grand, Max; Guay, Chris; Hatta, Mariko; Hayes, Chris; Horner, Tristan; Ingall, Ellery; Johnson, Kenneth G.; Juranek, Laurie; Knapp, Angela; Lam, Phoebe; Luther, George; Matrai, Paty; Nicholson, David; Paytan, Adina; Pellenbarg, Robert; Popendorf, Kim; Reddy, Christopher M.; Ruttenberg, Kathleen; Sabine, Chris; Sansone, Frank; Shaltout, Nayrah; Sikes, Liz; Sundquist, Eric T.; Valentine, David; Wang, Zhao (Aleck); Wilson, Sam; Barrett, Pamela; Behrens, Melanie; Belcher, Anna; Biermann, Lauren; Boiteau, Rene; Clarke, Jennifer; Collins, Jamie; Coppola, Alysha; Ebling, Alina M.; Garcia-Tigreros, Fenix; Goldman, Johanna; Guallart, Elisa F.; Haskell, William; Hurley, Sarah; Janssen, David; Johnson, Winn; Lennhartz, Sinikka; Liu, Shuting; Rahman, Shaily; Ray, Daisy; Sarkar, Amit; Steiner, Zvika; Widner, Brittany; Yang, Bo

2017-01-01

The questions that chemical oceanographers prioritize over the coming decades, and the methods we use to address these questions, will define our field's contribution to 21st century science. In recognition of this, the U.S. National Science Foundation and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration galvanized a community effort (the Chemical Oceanography MEeting: A BOttom-up Approach to Research Directions, or COME ABOARD) to synthesize bottom-up perspectives on selected areas of research in Chemical Oceanography. Representing only a small subset of the community, COME ABOARD participants did not attempt to identify targeted research directions for the field. Instead, we focused on how best to foster diverse research in Chemical Oceanography, placing emphasis on the following themes: strengthening our core chemical skillset; expanding our tools through collaboration with chemists, engineers, and computer scientists; considering new roles for large programs; enhancing interface research through interdisciplinary collaboration; and expanding ocean literacy by engaging with the public. For each theme, COME ABOARD participants reflected on the present state of Chemical Oceanography, where the community hopes to go and why, and actionable pathways to get there. A unifying concept among the discussions was that dissimilar funding structures and metrics of success may be required to accommodate the various levels of readiness and stages of knowledge development found throughout our community. In addition to the science, participants of the concurrent Dissertations Symposium in Chemical Oceanography (DISCO) XXV, a meeting of recent and forthcoming Ph.D. graduates in Chemical Oceanography, provided perspectives on how our field could show leadership in addressing long-standing diversity and early-career challenges that are pervasive throughout science. Here we summarize the COME ABOARD Meeting discussions, providing a synthesis of reflections and perspectives on the

Gulf of Mexico physical-oceanography program final report: years 1 and 2. Volume 1. Executive summary. Technical report, 1983-1985

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

In 1982, Minerals Management Service (MMS) initiated a multi-year program under contract with Science Applications International Corp. (SAIC) to study the physical oceanography of the Gulf of Mexico as part of its outer continental shelf environmental-studies programs. This particular program, called the Gulf of Mexico Physical Oceanography Program (GOMPOP), has two primary goals: (1) develop a better understanding and description of conditions and processes governing Gulf circulation; and (2) establish a data base that could be used as initial and boundary conditions by a companion MMS-funded numerical circulation-modeling program. The report presents results from the first two of three yearsmore » of observations in the eastern Gulf.« less

Oceanography and Geoscience Scholars at Texas A&M University Funded through the NSF S-STEM (Scholarships in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) Program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Richardson, M. J.; Gardner, W. D.

2016-02-01

Over the last seven years we have led the creation and implementation of the Oceanography and Geoscience Scholars programs at Texas A&M University. Through these programs we have been able to provide scholarship support for 92 undergraduates in Geosciences and 29 graduate students in Oceanography. Fifty-seven undergraduate scholars have graduated in Geosciences: 30 undergraduate students in Meteorology, 7 in Geology, and 20 in Environmental Geosciences. Two students have graduated in other STEM disciplines. Twenty-four students are in the process of completing their undergraduate degrees in STEM disciplines. Twenty-three students have graduated with MS or PhD degrees in Oceanography and five PhD students are completing their dissertations. As specified in the program solicitation all of the scholars are academically talented students with demonstrated financial need as defined by the FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid). We have endeavored to recruit students from underrepresented groups. One-third of the undergraduate scholars were from underrepresented groups; 28% of the graduate students. We will present the challenges and successes of these programs.

Physical oceanography of the US Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Milliman, J.D.; Imamura, E.

The report provides a summary of the physical oceanography of the U.S. Atlantic and Eastern Gulf of Mexico and its implication to offshore oil and gas exploration and development. Topics covered in the report include: meteorology and air-sea interactions, circulation on the continental shelf, continental slope and rise circulation, Gulf Stream, Loop Current, deep-western boundary current, surface gravity-wave climatology, offshore engineering implications, implications for resource commercialization, and numerical models of pollutant dispersion.

Problems inherent in using aircraft for radio oceanography studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walsh, E. J.

1977-01-01

Some of the disadvantages relating to altitude stability and proximity to the ocean are described for radio oceanography studies using aircraft. The random oscillatory motion introduced by the autopilot in maintaining aircraft altitude requires a more sophisticated range tracker for a radar altimeter than would be required in a satellite application. One-dimensional simulations of the sea surface (long-crested waves) are performed using both the JONSWAP spectrum and the Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum. The results of the simulation indicate that care must be taken in trying to experimentally verify instrument measurement accuracy. Because of the relatively few wavelengths examined from an aircraft due to proximity to the ocean and low velocity compared to a satellite, the random variation in the sea surface parameters being measured can far exceed an instrument's ability to measure them.

Learning about Oceanography. Superific Science Book VII. A Good Apple Science Activity Book for Grades 5-8+.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conway, Lorraine

Based upon the recognition that the sea has great potential as a future source of energy, minerals, and water, this document was developed to provide students with learning experiences in oceanography. It contains background information about ocean tides, waves, chemistry, depths, and plant and animal life. The book provides the teacher with…

High-precision GPS autonomous platforms for sea ice dynamics and physical oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elosegui, P.; Wilkinson, J.; Olsson, M.; Rodwell, S.; James, A.; Hagan, B.; Hwang, B.; Forsberg, R.; Gerdes, R.; Johannessen, J.; Wadhams, P.; Nettles, M.; Padman, L.

2012-12-01

Project "Arctic Ocean sea ice and ocean circulation using satellite methods" (SATICE), is the first high-rate, high-precision, continuous GPS positioning experiment on sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. The SATICE systems collect continuous, dual-frequency carrier-phase GPS data while drifting on sea ice. Additional geophysical measurements also collected include ocean water pressure, ocean surface salinity, atmospheric pressure, snow-depth, air-ice-ocean temperature profiles, photographic imagery, and others, enabling sea ice drift, freeboard, weather, ice mass balance, and sea-level height determination. Relatively large volumes of data from each buoy are streamed over a satellite link to a central computer on the Internet in near real time, where they are processed to estimate the time-varying buoy positions. SATICE system obtains continuous GPS data at sub-minute intervals with a positioning precision of a few centimetres in all three dimensions. Although monitoring of sea ice motions goes back to the early days of satellite observations, these autonomous platforms bring out a level of spatio-temporal detail that has never been seen before, especially in the vertical axis. These high-resolution data allows us to address new polar science questions and challenge our present understanding of both sea ice dynamics and Arctic oceanography. We will describe the technology behind this new autonomous platform, which could also be adapted to other applications that require high resolution positioning information with sustained operations and observations in the polar marine environment, and present results pertaining to sea ice dynamics and physical oceanography.

Summary of the physical oceanography of the Pacific Northwest Coast

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Purdy, D.F.

The technical report summarizes current information on the physical oceanography of the Pacific Coast of Washington and Oregon, including information on currents, water mass characteristics, vertical stratification and mixing, upwelling, and waves. A general outline of the California current system is given, including the California and Davidson surface currents, the California and Washington undercurrents, and shelf currents. Conditions affecting local and nearshore currents, considered important in the event of an oil spill, are discussed. A summary of wave data is included from several sources including the Corps of Engineers WIS (Wave Information Study), based on meteorological information, and the Mineralsmore » Management Service's Coastal Wave Statistical Data Base (CWSDB), based on high quality data from a system of buoys.« less

Applications of the Coastal Zone Color Scanner in oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcclain, C. R.

1988-01-01

Research activity has continued to be focused on the applications of the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) imagery in oceanography. A number of regional studies were completed including investigations of temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton populations in the South Atlantic Bight, Northwest Spain, Weddell Sea, Bering Sea, Caribbean Sea and in tropical Atlantic Ocean. In addition to the regional studies, much work was dedicated to developing ancillary global scale meteorological and hydrographic data sets to complement the global CZCS processing products. To accomplish this, SEAPAK's image analysis capability was complemented with an interface to GEMPAK (Severe Storm Branch's meteorological analysis software package) for the analysis and graphical display of gridded data fields. Plans are being made to develop a similar interface to SEAPAK for hydrographic data using EPIC (a hydrographic data analysis package developed by NOAA/PMEL).

Seasonal oceanography from physics to micronekton in the south-west Pacific

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Menkes, C. E.; Allain, V.; Rodier, M.; Gallois, F.; Lebourges-Dhaussy, A.; Hunt, B. P. V.; Smeti, H.; Pagano, M.; Josse, E.; Daroux, A.; Lehodey, P.; Senina, I.; Kestenare, E.; Lorrain, A.; Nicol, S.

2015-03-01

Tuna catches represent a major economic and food source in the Pacific Ocean, yet are highly variable. This variability in tuna catches remains poorly explained. The relationships between the distributions of tuna and their forage (micronekton) have been mostly derived from model estimates. Observations of micronekton and other mid-trophic level organisms, and their link to regional oceanography, however are scarce and constitute an important gap in our knowledge and understanding of the dynamics of pelagic ecosystems. To fill this gap, we conducted two multidisciplinary cruises (Nectalis1 and Nectalis2) in the New Caledonian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) at the southeastern edge the Coral Sea, in 2011 to characterize the oceanography of the region during the cool (August) and the hot (December) seasons. The physical and biological environments were described by hydrology, nutrients and phytoplankton size structure and biomass. Zooplankton biomass was estimated from net sampling and acoustics and micronecton was estimated from net sampling, the SEAPODYM ecosystem model, a dedicated echosounder and non-dedicated acoustics. Results demonstrated that New Caledonia is located in an oligotrophic area characterized by low nutrient and low primary production which is dominated by a high percentage of picoplankton cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus (>90%). The area exhibits a large-scale north-south temperature and salinity gradient. The northern area is influenced by the equatorial Warm Pool and the South Pacific Convergence Zone and is characterized by higher temperature, lower salinity, lower primary production and micronekton biomass. The southern area is influenced by the Tasman Sea and is characterized by cooler temperature, higher salinity, higher primary production and micronekton biomass. The dynamic oceanography and the complex topography create a myriad of mesoscale features including eddies, inducing patchy structures in the ecosystem. During the cool season, a

What Is Physical Oceanography? A Learning Experience for Coastal and Oceanic Awareness Studies, No. 217. [Project COAST].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Delaware Univ., Newark. Coll. of Education.

This unit is concerned with an overview of physical oceanography - the study of currents, tides, waves, and particle movements. The activities are designed for use by junior high school age students. Included in the unit are activities related to properties of sea water, physical phenomena of the ocean, and physical features of the ocean.…

NCAR CSM ocean model by the NCAR oceanography section. Technical note

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

This technical note documents the ocean component of the NCAR Climate System Model (CSM). The ocean code has been developed from the Modular Ocean Model (version 1.1) which was developed and maintained at the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory in Princeton. As a tribute to Mike Cox, and because the material is still relevant, the first four sections of this technical note are a straight reproduction from the GFDL Technical Report that Mike wrote in 1984. The remaining sections document how the NCAR Oceanography Section members have developed the MOM 1.1 code, and how it is forced, in order tomore » produce the NCAR CSM Ocean Model.« less

Data catalog for JPL Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Digby, Susan

1995-01-01

The Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC) archive at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory contains satellite data sets and ancillary in-situ data for the ocean sciences and global-change research to facilitate multidisciplinary use of satellite ocean data. Geophysical parameters available from the archive include sea-surface height, surface-wind vector, surface-wind speed, surface-wind stress vector, sea-surface temperature, atmospheric liquid water, integrated water vapor, phytoplankton pigment concentration, heat flux, and in-situ data. PO.DAAC is an element of the Earth Observing System Data and Information System and is the United States distribution site for TOPEX/POSEIDON data and metadata.

The social oceanography of top oceanic predators and the decline of sharks: A call for a new field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jacques, Peter J.

2010-07-01

The decline of top oceanic predators (TOPs), such as great sharks, and worldwide erosion of the marine food web is among the most important functional changes in marine systems. Yet, even though human pressures on sharks are one of the most important factors in the collapse of TOPs, the social science of shark fishing has not kept pace with the biophysical science. Such a gap highlights the need for a marine social science, and this paper uses the case of sharks to illustrate some advances that a coherent marine social science community could bring to science and sustainability, and calls for the development of this new field. Social oceanography is proposed as a “discursive space” that will allow multiple social science and humanities disciplines to holistically study and bring insight to a diverse but essential community. Such a community will not provide answers for the physical sciences, but it will add a new understanding of the contingencies that riddle social behavior that ultimately interact with marine systems. Such a field should reflect the broad and diverse approaches, epistemologies, philosophies of science and foci that are in the human disciplines themselves. Social oceanography would complete the triumvirate of biological and physical oceanography where human systems profoundly impact these other areas. This paper tests the theory that institutional rules are contingent on social priorities and paradigms. I used content analysis of all available (1995-2006) State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA) reports from the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) to measure the symbolic behavior-i.e., what they say-as an indication of the value of sharks in world fisheries. Similar tests were also performed for marine journals and the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals to corroborate these findings. Then, I present an institutional analysis of all international capacity building and regulatory institutions as they

Fast neural network surrogates for very high dimensional physics-based models in computational oceanography.

PubMed

van der Merwe, Rudolph; Leen, Todd K; Lu, Zhengdong; Frolov, Sergey; Baptista, Antonio M

2007-05-01

We present neural network surrogates that provide extremely fast and accurate emulation of a large-scale circulation model for the coupled Columbia River, its estuary and near ocean regions. The circulation model has O(10(7)) degrees of freedom, is highly nonlinear and is driven by ocean, atmospheric and river influences at its boundaries. The surrogates provide accurate emulation of the full circulation code and run over 1000 times faster. Such fast dynamic surrogates will enable significant advances in ensemble forecasts in oceanography and weather.

JPL Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC) data availability, version 1-94

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

The Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC) archive at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) includes satellite data sets for the ocean sciences and global-change research to facilitate multidisciplinary use of satellite ocean data. Parameters include sea-surface height, surface-wind vector, sea-surface temperature, atmospheric liquid water, and integrated water vapor. The JPL PO.DAAC is an element of the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) and is the United States distribution site for Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/POSEIDON data and metadata.

Science requirements for free-flying imaging radar (FIREX) experiment for sea ice, renewable resources, nonrenewable resources and oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carsey, F.

1982-01-01

A future bilateral SAR program was studied. The requirements supporting a SAR mission posed by science and operations in sea-ice-covered waters, oceanography, renewable resources, and nonrenewable resources are addressed. The instrument, mission, and program parameters were discussed. Research investigations supporting a SAR flight and the subsequent overall mission requirements and tradeoffs are summarized.

Geomicrobiology in oceanography: microbe-mineral interactions at and below the seafloor.

PubMed

Edwards, Katrina J; Bach, Wolfgang; McCollom, Thomas M

2005-09-01

Oceanography is inherently interdisciplinary and, since its inception, has included the study of microbe-mineral interactions. From early studies of manganese nodules, to the discovery of hydrothermal vents, it has been recognized that microorganisms are involved at various levels in the transformation of rocks and minerals at and below the seafloor. Recent studies include mineral weathering at low temperatures and microbe-mineral interactions in the subseafloor "deep biosphere". A common characteristic of seafloor and subseafloor geomicrobiological processes that distinguishes them from terrestrial or near-surface processes is that they occur in the dark, one or more steps removed from the sunlight that fuels the near-surface biosphere on Earth. This review focuses on geomicrobiological studies and energy flow in dark, deep-ocean and subseafloor rock habitats.

Virophages to viromes: a report from the frontier of viral oceanography.

PubMed

Culley, Alexander I

2011-07-01

The investigation of marine viruses has advanced our understanding of ecology, evolution, microbiology, oceanography and virology. Significant findings discussed in this review include the discovery of giant viruses that have genome sizes and metabolic capabilities that distort the line between virus and cell, viruses that participate in photosynthesis and apoptosis, the detection of communities of viruses of all genomic compositions and the preeminence of viruses in the evolution of marine microbes. Although we have made great progress, we have yet to synthesize the rich archive of viral genomic data with oceanographic processes. The development of cutting edge methods such as single virus genomics now provide a toolset to better integrate viruses into the ecology of the ocean. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The role of ocean climate data in operational Naval oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chesbrough, Radm G.

1992-01-01

Local application of global-scale models describes the U.S. Navy's basic philosophy for operational oceanography in support of fleet operations. Real-time data, climatologies, coupled air/ocean models, and large scale computers are the essential components of the Navy's system for providing the war fighters with the performance predictions and tactical decision aids they need to operate safely and efficiently. In peacetime, these oceanographic predictions are important for safety of navigation and flight. The paucity and uneven distribution of real-time data mean we have to fall back on climatology to provide the basic data to operate our models. The Navy is both a producer and user of climatologies; it provides observations to the national archives and in turn employs data from these archives to establish data bases. Suggestions for future improvements to ocean climate data are offered.

Assessment of the U. S. outer continental shelf environmental studies program. 1. Physical oceanography. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Federal responsibility for oil and gas development on the U.S. outer continental shelf (OCS) resides with the Minerals Management Service (MMS) of the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI). The DOI's Environmental Studies Program (ESP) is the program through which MMS conducts environmental studies on the OCS and collects information to prepare environmental impact statements (EISs). It appeared to MMS in 1986 that the time was ripe to assess the status of the present program and to explore the needs for future studies. MMS requested an evaluation of the adequacy and applicability of ESP studies, a review of the generalmore » state of knowledge in the appropriate disciplines, and recommendations for future studies. Three panels were established, one of which, the Physical Oceanography Panel, investigated the physical oceanographic aspects of the ESP, the subject of the report, which is the first of three in a series. In reviewing the ESP's physical oceanography program, the panel evaluated the quality and relevance of studies carried out in waters under federal control, which extend from the limits of state jurisdictions (3-12 miles offshore) and include the central and outer continental shelf waters and the continental slope.« less

Oceanography Satellite Launches on This Week @NASA – January 22, 2016

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-01-22

On Jan. 17, Jason-3, a U.S.-European oceanography satellite mission launched from California’s Vandenberg Air Force Base aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. The mission is led by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in partnership with NASA, the French space agency, CNES, and the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites. After a six-month checkout period, Jason-3 will start full science operations – continuing a nearly quarter-century record of tracking global sea level rise, direction of ocean currents and amount of solar energy stored by oceans – all, key data to understanding changes in global climate and more accurately forecasting severe weather. Also, 2015 global temperatures announced, 10-year anniversary of New Horizons’ launch and ABCs from space!

Study of the marine environment of the northern Gulf of California. [seasonal variations in oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hendrickson, J. R. (Principal Investigator)

1973-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. Results of studies of the oceanography of the northern Gulf of California (Mexico) are reported. A remote, instrumented buoy measuring and telemetering oceanographic data by ERTS-1 satellite was designed, constructed, deployed, and tested. Regular cruises by a research ship on a pattern of 47 oceanographic stations collected data which are analyzed and referenced to analysis of ERTS-1 satellite imagery. A thermal dynamic model of current patterns in the northern Gulf of California is proposed. Findings are examined in relation to the model.

Review of the physical oceanography of the Cape Hatteras, North Carolina Region. Volume 1. Literature synthesis. Appendix A. Annotated bibliography

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Adams, C.E.; Berger, T.J.; Boicourt, W.C.

The report, second in a three set series, is an annotated bibliography of the pertinent literature, primarily from 1970 to the present. The literature discusses the physical oceanography of the complex region offshore of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina as it relates to the ocean circulation and fate of any discharges resulting from offshore oil and gas activity.

Satellite observations of the ice cover of the Kuril Basin region of the Okhotsk Sea and its relation to the regional oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wakatsuchi, Masaaki; Martin, Seelye

1990-01-01

For the period 1978-1982, this paper examines the nature of the sea ice which forms over the Kuril Basin of the Okhotsk Sea and describes the impact of this ice on the regional oceanography. The oceanographic behavior during the heavy ice season associated with the cold 1979 winter is compared with the behavior during the lighter ice years of 1980 and 1982. Examination of the oceanography in the Okhotsk and the adjacent Pacific shows that the early summer water column structure depends on the heat loss from the Okhotsk during the preceding ice season, the total amount of Okhotsk ice formation, and, specifically, the amount of the ice formation in the Kuril Basin. Following the 1979 ice season, the upper 200-300 m of the Kuril Basin waters were cooler, less saline, and richer in oxygen than for the other years. This modification appears to be a process local to the Kuril Basin, driven by eddy-induced mixing, local cooling, and ice melting.

Paleophysical oceanography with an emphasis on transport rates.

PubMed

Huybers, Peter; Wunsch, Carl

2010-01-01

Paleophysical oceanography is the study of the behavior of the fluid ocean of the past, with a specific emphasis on its climate implications, leading to a focus on the general circulation. Even if the circulation is not of primary concern, heavy reliance on deep-sea cores for past climate information means that knowledge of the oceanic state when the sediments were laid down is a necessity. Like the modern problem, paleoceanography depends heavily on observations, and central difficulties lie with the very limited data types and coverage that are, and perhaps ever will be, available. An approximate separation can be made into static descriptors of the circulation (e.g., its water-mass properties and volumes) and the more difficult problem of determining transport rates of mass and other properties. Determination of the circulation of the Last Glacial Maximum is used to outline some of the main challenges to progress. Apart from sampling issues, major difficulties lie with physical interpretation of the proxies, transferring core depths to an accurate timescale (the "age-model problem"), and understanding the accuracy of time-stepping oceanic or coupled-climate models when run unconstrained by observations. Despite the existence of many plausible explanatory scenarios, few features of the paleocirculation in any period are yet known with certainty.

IIth AMS Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Velden, Christopher; Digirolamo, Larry; Glackin, Mary; Hawkins, Jeffrey; Jedlovec, Gary; Lee, Thomas; Petty, Grant; Plante, Robert; Reale, Anthony; Zapotocny, John

2002-11-01

The American Meteorological Society (AMS) held its 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography at the Monona Terrace Convention Center in Madison, Wisconsin, during 15-18 October 2001. The purpose of the conference, typically held every 18 months, is to promote a forum for AMS membership, international scientists, and student members to present and discuss the latest advances in satellite remote sensing for meteorological and oceanographical applications. This year, surrounded by inspirational designs by famed architect Frank Lloyd Wright, the meeting focused on several broad topics related to remote sensing from space, including environmental applications of land and oceanic remote sensing, climatology and long-term satellite data studies, operational applications, radiances and retrievals, and new technology and methods. A vision of an increasing convergence of satellite systems emerged that included operational and research satellite programs and interdisciplinary user groups.The conference also hosted NASA's Electronic Theater, which was presented to groups of middle and high school students totaling over 5500. It was truly a successful public outreach event. The conference banquet was held on the final evening, where a short tribute to satellite pioneer Verner Suomi was given by Joanne Simpson. Suomi was responsible for establishing the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin in Madison.

Oceanography promotes self-recruitment in a planktonic larval disperser.

PubMed

Teske, Peter R; Sandoval-Castillo, Jonathan; van Sebille, Erik; Waters, Jonathan; Beheregaray, Luciano B

2016-09-30

The application of high-resolution genetic data has revealed that oceanographic connectivity in marine species with planktonic larvae can be surprisingly limited, even in the absence of major barriers to dispersal. Australia's southern coast represents a particularly interesting system for studying planktonic larval dispersal, as the hydrodynamic regime of the wide continental shelf has potential to facilitate onshore retention of larvae. We used a seascape genetics approach (the joint analysis of genetic data and oceanographic connectivity simulations) to assess population genetic structure and self-recruitment in a broadcast-spawning marine gastropod that exists as a single meta-population throughout its temperate Australian range. Levels of self-recruitment were surprisingly high, and oceanographic connectivity simulations indicated that this was a result of low-velocity nearshore currents promoting the retention of planktonic larvae in the vicinity of natal sites. Even though the model applied here is comparatively simple and assumes that the dispersal of planktonic larvae is passive, we find that oceanography alone is sufficient to explain the high levels of genetic structure and self-recruitment. Our study contributes to growing evidence that sophisticated larval behaviour is not a prerequisite for larval retention in the nearshore region in planktonic-developing species.

Assessment of Superflux relative to marine science and oceanography. [airborne remote sensing of the Chesapeake Bay plume and shelf regions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Esaias, W. E.

1981-01-01

A general assessment of the Superflux project is made in relation to marine science and oceanography. It is commented that the program clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of state-of-the-art technology required to study highly dynamic estuarine plumes, and the necessity of a broadly interdisciplinary, interactive remote sensing and shipboard program required to significantly advance the understanding of transport processes and impacts of estuarine outflows.

Teaching Introductory Oceanography through Case Studies: Project based approach for general education students

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farnsworth, K. L.; House, M.; Hovan, S. A.

2013-12-01

A recent workshop sponsored by SERC-On the Cutting Edge brought together science educators from a range of schools across the country to discuss new approaches in teaching oceanography. In discussing student interest in our classes, we were struck by the fact that students are drawn to emotional or controversial topics such as whale hunting and tsunami hazard and that these kinds of topics are a great vehicle for introducing more complex concepts such as wave propagation, ocean upwelling and marine chemistry. Thus, we have developed an approach to introductory oceanography that presents students with real-world issues in the ocean sciences and requires them to explore the science behind them in order to improve overall ocean science literacy among non-majors and majors at 2 and 4 year colleges. We have designed a project-based curriculum built around topics that include, but are not limited to: tsunami hazard, whale migration, ocean fertilization, ocean territorial claims, rapid climate change, the pacific trash patch, overfishing, and ocean acidification. Each case study or project consists of three weeks of class time and is structured around three elements: 1) a media analysis; 2) the role of ocean science in addressing the issue; 3) human impact/response. Content resources range from textbook readings, popular or current print news, documentary film and television, and data available on the world wide web from a range of sources. We employ a variety of formative assessments for each case study in order to monitor student access and understanding of content and include a significant component of in-class student discussion and brainstorming guided by faculty input to develop the case study. Each study culminates in summative assessments ranging from exams to student posters to presentations, depending on the class size and environment. We envision this approach for a range of classroom environments including large group face-to-face instruction as well as hybrid

Real-time sea-level gauge observations and operational oceanography.

PubMed

Mourre, Baptiste; Crosnier, Laurence; Provost, Christian Le

2006-04-15

The contribution of tide-gauge data, which provide a unique monitoring of sea-level variability along the coasts of the world ocean, to operational oceanography is discussed in this paper. Two distinct applications that both demonstrate tide-gauge data utility when delivered in real-time are illustrated. The first case details basin-scale operational model validation of the French Mercator operational system applied to the North Atlantic. The accuracy of model outputs in the South Atlantic Bight both at coastal and offshore locations is evaluated using tide-gauge observations. These data enable one to assess the model's nowcasts and forecasts reliability which is needed in order for the model boundary conditions to be delivered to other coastal prediction systems. Such real-time validation is possible as long as data are delivered within a delay of a week. In the second application, tide-gauge data are assimilated in a storm surge model of the North Sea and used to control model trajectories in real-time. Using an advanced assimilation scheme that takes into account the swift evolution of model error statistics, these observations are shown to be very efficient to control model error, provided that they can be assimilated very frequently (i.e. available within a few hours).

Meeting on the Physical Oceanography of Sea Straits (2nd). Held in Villefanche-sur-Mer, France on 15-19 April 2002

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-04-19

apply in the presence of mixing and dissipation. Some people prefer to think of control in terms of information transmission (wave propagation...2002, in preparation. Officer. C . B., Physical Oceanography of Estuaries. John Wiley and Sons, 1976. Pawlak, G. & Armi, L. Vortex dynamics in a...few decades. Hard thinking , new obser- 1964. vational techniques. and increasingly sophisticated models Gerdes. F, C . Garrett, and D. Farmer, On

Dynamic oceanography determines fine scale foraging behavior of Masked Boobies in the Gulf of Mexico

PubMed Central

Harrison, Autumn-Lynn; Vallarino, Adriana; Gerard, Patrick D.; Jodice, Patrick G. R.

2017-01-01

During breeding, foraging marine birds are under biological, geographic, and temporal constraints. These contraints require foraging birds to efficiently process environmental cues derived from physical habitat features that occur at nested spatial scales. Mesoscale oceanography in particular may change rapidly within and between breeding seasons, and findings from well-studied systems that relate oceanography to seabird foraging may transfer poorly to regions with substantially different oceanographic conditions. Our objective was to examine foraging behavior of a pan-tropical seabird, the Masked Booby (Sula dactylatra), in the understudied Caribbean province, a moderately productive region driven by highly dynamic currents and fronts. We tracked 135 individuals with GPS units during May 2013, November 2013, and December 2014 at a regionally important breeding colony in the southern Gulf of Mexico. We measured foraging behavior using characteristics of foraging trips and used area restricted search as a proxy for foraging events. Among individual attributes, nest stage contributed to differences in foraging behavior whereas sex did not. Birds searched for prey at nested hierarchical scales ranging from 200 m—35 km. Large-scale coastal and shelf-slope fronts shifted position between sampling periods and overlapped geographically with overall foraging locations. At small scales (at the prey patch level), the specific relationship between environmental variables and foraging behavior was highly variable among individuals but general patterns emerged. Sea surface height anomaly and velocity of water were the strongest predictors of area restricted search behavior in random forest models, a finding that is consistent with the characterization of the Gulf of Mexico as an energetic system strongly influenced by currents and eddies. Our data may be combined with tracking efforts in the Caribbean province and across tropical regions to advance understanding of seabird

Dynamic oceanography determines fine scale foraging behavior of Masked Boobies in the Gulf of Mexico.

PubMed

Poli, Caroline L; Harrison, Autumn-Lynn; Vallarino, Adriana; Gerard, Patrick D; Jodice, Patrick G R

2017-01-01

During breeding, foraging marine birds are under biological, geographic, and temporal constraints. These contraints require foraging birds to efficiently process environmental cues derived from physical habitat features that occur at nested spatial scales. Mesoscale oceanography in particular may change rapidly within and between breeding seasons, and findings from well-studied systems that relate oceanography to seabird foraging may transfer poorly to regions with substantially different oceanographic conditions. Our objective was to examine foraging behavior of a pan-tropical seabird, the Masked Booby (Sula dactylatra), in the understudied Caribbean province, a moderately productive region driven by highly dynamic currents and fronts. We tracked 135 individuals with GPS units during May 2013, November 2013, and December 2014 at a regionally important breeding colony in the southern Gulf of Mexico. We measured foraging behavior using characteristics of foraging trips and used area restricted search as a proxy for foraging events. Among individual attributes, nest stage contributed to differences in foraging behavior whereas sex did not. Birds searched for prey at nested hierarchical scales ranging from 200 m-35 km. Large-scale coastal and shelf-slope fronts shifted position between sampling periods and overlapped geographically with overall foraging locations. At small scales (at the prey patch level), the specific relationship between environmental variables and foraging behavior was highly variable among individuals but general patterns emerged. Sea surface height anomaly and velocity of water were the strongest predictors of area restricted search behavior in random forest models, a finding that is consistent with the characterization of the Gulf of Mexico as an energetic system strongly influenced by currents and eddies. Our data may be combined with tracking efforts in the Caribbean province and across tropical regions to advance understanding of seabird

Dynamic oceanography determines fine scale foraging behavior of Masked Boobies in the Gulf of Mexico

USGS Publications Warehouse

Poli, Caroline L.; Harrison, Autumn-Lynn; Vallarino, Adriana; Gerard, Patrick D.; Jodice, Patrick G.R.

2017-01-01

During breeding, foraging marine birds are under biological, geographic, and temporal constraints. These contraints require foraging birds to efficiently process environmental cues derived from physical habitat features that occur at nested spatial scales. Mesoscale oceanography in particular may change rapidly within and between breeding seasons, and findings from well-studied systems that relate oceanography to seabird foraging may transfer poorly to regions with substantially different oceanographic conditions. Our objective was to examine foraging behavior of a pan-tropical seabird, the Masked Booby (Sula dactylatra), in the understudied Caribbean province, a moderately productive region driven by highly dynamic currents and fronts. We tracked 135 individuals with GPS units during May 2013, November 2013, and December 2014 at a regionally important breeding colony in the southern Gulf of Mexico. We measured foraging behavior using characteristics of foraging trips and used area restricted search as a proxy for foraging events. Among individual attributes, nest stage contributed to differences in foraging behavior whereas sex did not. Birds searched for prey at nested hierarchical scales ranging from 200 m—35 km. Large-scale coastal and shelf-slope fronts shifted position between sampling periods and overlapped geographically with overall foraging locations. At small scales (at the prey patch level), the specific relationship between environmental variables and foraging behavior was highly variable among individuals but general patterns emerged. Sea surface height anomaly and velocity of water were the strongest predictors of area restricted search behavior in random forest models, a finding that is consistent with the characterization of the Gulf of Mexico as an energetic system strongly influenced by currents and eddies. Our data may be combined with tracking efforts in the Caribbean province and across tropical regions to advance understanding of seabird

West Hackberry Strategic Petroleum Reserve site brine-disposal monitoring, Year I report. Volume IV. Bibliography and supporting data for physical oceanography. Final report. [421 references

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

DeRouen, L.R.; Hann, R.W.; Casserly, D.M.

This project centers around the Strategic Petroleum Site (SPR) known as the West Hackberry salt dome which is located in southwestern Louisiana and which is designed to store 241 million barrels of crude oil. Oil storage caverns are formed by injecting water into salt deposits, and pumping out the resulting brine. Studies described in this report were designed as follow-on studies to three months of pre-discharge characterization work, and include data collected during the first year of brine leaching operations. The objectives were to: (1) characterize the environment in terms of physical, chemical and biological attributes; (2) determine if significantmore » adverse changes in ecosystem productivity and stability of the biological community are occurring as a result of brine discharge; and (3) determine the magnitude of any change observed. Volume IV contains the following: bibliography; appendices for supporting data for physical oceanography, and summary of the physical oceanography along the western Louisiana coast.« less

An example of fisheries oceanography: Walleye pollock in Alaskan waters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schumacher, Jim; Kendall, Arthur W.

1995-07-01

A major area of research in fisheries oceanography examines relationships between recruitment dynamics of fish populations and the marine environment. A primary goal is to understand the natural causes of variability in year-class strength of commercially valuable species and apply this knowledge to management [Perry, 1994]. The paradigm that the majority of mortality occurs during transport of early life history stages from spawning to nursery grounds [Rothschild, 1986; Houde, 1987] provides an initial temporal focus for most research. The spatial domain includes the region occupied by early life history stages. Since global climate variability impacts regional ecosystem dynamics, however, the spatial domain often must be expanded. The relative importance and manifestation of biological factors [starvation and predation] that limit survival varies each year. Marked interannual and longer period variations in temperature (an influence on metabolic rates and behavior), transport of planktonic stages, and turbulence can exert an influence on both survival of early life history stages, and distribution of juveniles and adults. To understand how these environmental factors influence reproductive success of fish stocks also requires knowledge of the impact of these factors on predators and prey throughout the food web.

An electronic atlas on the oceanography of the South China Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rostov, I. D.; Moroz, V. V.; Rudykh, N. I.; Rostov, V. I.

2009-12-01

The digital atlas on CD ROM includes a set of generalized data on the South China Sea oceanography. The data is presented in the form of spreadsheets, graphics, and text. The atlas contains a brief annotated description of the main physical-geographical characteristics and the particularities of the hydrological regime, water masses, tidal phenomena, and water mass circulation. The atlas is an interactive information-reference system including elements of dynamic data visualization. It contains a body of data on the long-term observations of the temperature and salinity; gridded blocks of the average annual, seasonal, and monthly data at the standard depth horizons; and data on the hydrochemical characteristics and water currents obtained by automatic buoy stations (ABS). A list of existing open access data bases and web sites is given where additional online and archived information on a range of special issues and problems related to regional studies and exploitation is provided. The system allows for fast access to specifically selected online or generalized reference information (via the Internet) and for its imaging.

The Application of a Technique for Vector Correlation to Problems in Meteorology and Oceanography.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Breaker, L. C.; Gemmill, W. H.; Crosby, D. S.

1994-11-01

In a recent study, Crosby et al. proposed a definition for vector correlation that has not been commonly used in meteorology or oceanography. This definition has both a firm theoretical basis and a rather complete set of desirable statistical properties. In this study, the authors apply the definition to practical problems arising in meteorology and oceanography. In the first of two case studies, vector correlations were calculated between subsurface currents for five locations along the southeastern shore of Lake Erie. Vector correlations for one sample size were calculated for all current meter combinations, first including the seiche frequency and then with the seiche frequency removed. Removal of the seiche frequency, which was easily detected in the current spectra, had only a small effect on the vector correlations. Under reasonable assumptions, the vector correlations were in most cases statistically significant and revealed considerable fine structure in the vector correlation sequences. In some cases, major variations in vector correlation coincided with changes in surface wind. The vector correlations for the various current meter combinations decreased rapidly with increasing spatial separation. For one current meter combination, canonical correlations were also calculated; the first canonical correlation tended to retain the underlying trend, whereas the second canonical correlation retained the peaks in the vector correlations.In the second case study, vector correlations were calculated between marine surface winds derived from the National Meteorological Center's Global Data Assimilation System and observed winds acquired from the network of National Data Buoy Center buoys that are located off the continental United States and in the Gulf of Alaska. Results of this comparison indicated that 1) there was a significant decrease in correlation between the predicted and observed winds with increasing forecast interval out to 72 h, 2) the technique

A two-dimensional composite grid numerical model based on the reduced system for oceanography

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xie, Y.F.; Browning, G.L.; Chesshire, G.

The proper mathematical limit of a hyperbolic system with multiple time scales, the reduced system, is a system that contains no high-frequency motions and is well posed if suitable boundary conditions are chosen for the initial-boundary value problem. The composite grid method, a robust and efficient grid-generation technique that smoothly and accurately treats general irregular boundaries, is used to approximate the two-dimensional version of the reduced system for oceanography on irregular ocean basins. A change-of-variable technique that substantially increases the accuracy of the model and a method for efficiently solving the elliptic equation for the geopotential are discussed. Numerical resultsmore » are presented for circular and kidney-shaped basins by using a set of analytic solutions constructed in this paper.« less

Virtual Research Expeditions along Plate Margins: Examples from an Online Oceanography Course

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reed, D. L.; Moore, G. F.; Bangs, N. L.; Tobin, H. J.

2010-12-01

An undergraduate online course in oceanography is based on the participation of each student in a series of virtual, at-sea, research expeditions, two of which are used to examine the tectonic processes at plate boundaries. The objective is to leverage the results of major federal research initiatives in the ocean sciences into effective learning tools with a long lifespan for use in undergraduate geoscience courses. These web-based expeditions examine: (1) hydrothermal vents along the divergent plate boundary at the Explorer Ridge and (2) the convergent plate boundary fault along the Nankai Trough, which is the objective of the multi-year NanTroSEIZE drilling program. Here we focus on the convergent plate boundary in NanTroSEIZE 3-D, which is based on a seismic survey supported through NSF-MARGINS, IODP and CDEX in Japan to study the properties of the plate boundary fault system in the upper limit of the seismogenic zone off Japan. The virtual voyage can be used in undergraduate classes at anytime, since it is not directly tied to the finite duration of a specific seagoing project, and comes in two versions, one that is being used in geoscience major courses and the other in non-major courses, such as the oceanography course mentioned above and a lower-division global studies course with a science emphasis. NanTroSEIZE in 3-D places undergraduate learning in an experiential framework as students participate on the expedition and carry out research on the structure of the plate boundary fault. Students learn the scientific background of the program, especially the critical role of international collaboration, and meet the chief scientists before joining the 3-D seismic imaging expedition to identify the active faults that were the likely sources of devastating earthquakes and tsunamis in Japan in 1944 and 1948. The initial results of phase I ODP drilling that began in 2007 are also reviewed. Students document their research on a worksheet that accompanies the

Galveston Symposium: Physical Oceanography of the Louisiana/Texas Continental Shelf

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mitchell, Thomas M.; Brown, Murray

The Minerals Management Service (MMS), Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Region sponsored a symposium on the Physical Oceanography of the Louisiana/Texas (LA/TX) Shelf in Galveston, Texas, on May 24-26, 1988. The symposium brought together a number of physical oceanographers, meteorologists, and ecologists to discuss the state of knowledge and to begin the planning process for a long-term study of shelf circulation covering the region from the mouth of the Mississippi River to approximately 24° latitude along the Mexican coast and from the shore out to a depth of approximately 500 m. The proposed study, to be a component of the ongoing MMS Environmental Studies Program, is expected to take place during the period 1989-1991. It is anticipated that the work will be done principally through contracts after a competitive procurement process. Specific charges to the participants were as follows:to assess the current state of knowledge concerning the circulation on the LA/TX shelfto identify significant gaps in that knowledgeto recommend a field measurement program to address these gapsto recommend a circulation modeling program for the LA/TX shelf that will improve MMS' oil spill risk assessmentsto identify and initiate coordination mechanisms and data-sharing arrangements with other proposed research efforts

Earth Remote Sensing Center of Excellence at Scripps Institution of Oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mitchell, B. Greg

2000-01-01

We developed advanced communications and networking capability and satellite reception systems for Earth science to improve the ability of scientists at Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) to conduct interdisciplinary research. With matching funds from the SIO Director's office we implemented a "virtual center" utilizing modern networking hardware and software to enhance access for researchers and students to unique satellite and in situ data sets. The center provides facilities and data access to graduate students as well as research scientists at SIO, and outside SIO. Our private sector partners installed and testes and advanced X-band data acquisition system for satellite data capture relevant for Earth science research and applications. Some of the commercial applications of these partners have been developed (or are under development) with NASA SBIR resources. The X-band system collected RADARSAT, ERS-2 and MODIS imagery. Perhaps most importantly, this COE brought together - for the first time - an interdisciplinary team of SIO scientists with interests in Earth remote sensing. The collaboration extended beyond our infrastructure and research accomplishments leading to a dialog that resulted in a report with strong recommendations to the SIO community for enhancing satellite remote sensing at SIO.

Use of ERTS-1 pictures in coastal oceanography in British Columbia

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gower, J. F. R.

1973-01-01

The ERTS-1 color composite picture of the Vancouver-Victoria region illustrates the value of ERTS data for coastal oceanography. The water of the Fraser River plume which is so clearly visible in the center of the scene has been of interest to oceanographers on the west coast of Canada for a long time as an easily visible tracer of surface water circulation in the strait of Georgia. Maps of the plume at different states of the tide and with different river flow and weather were compiled from oblique aerial photographs in 1950 and used in the siting of sewage and other outfalls in the Vancouver area. More recently high level aerial photomosaics have been used to map the plume area, but the plume can spread over distances of 30 to 40 miles and many photographs, with the uneven illumination inherent in wide angle coverage, are needed for the mosaic. The ERTS satellite gives the first complete view of the plume area. Electronic enhancement of the images shows that the satellite's narrow angle coverage allows very weak surface turbidity features to be made visible to give information on surface currents over a wide area.

Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 6th, Atlanta, GA, Jan. 5-10, 1992, Preprints

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

The present volume on satellite meteorology and oceanography discusses cloud retrieval from collocated IR sounder data and imaging systems, satellite retrievals of marine stratiform cloud systems, multispectral analysis of satellite observations of smoke and dust, and image and graphical analysis of principal components of satellite sounding channels. Attention is given to an evaluation of results from classification retrieval methods, the use of TOVS radiances, estimation of path radiance on the basis of remotely sensed data, and a reexamination of SST as a predictor for tropical storm intensity. Topics addressed include optimal smoothing of GOES VAS for upper-atmosphere thermal waves, obtainingmore » cloud motion vectors from polar orbiting satellites, the use of cloud relative animation in the analysis of satellite data, and investigations of a polar low using geostationary satellite data.« less

Putting the Deep Biosphere on the Map for Oceanography Courses: Gas Hydrates As a Case Study for the Deep Biosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sikorski, J. J.; Briggs, B. R.

2014-12-01

The ocean is essential for life on our planet. It covers 71% of the Earth's surface, is the source of the water we drink, the air we breathe, and the food we eat. Yet, the exponential growth in human population is putting the ocean and thus life on our planet at risk. However, based on student evaluations from our introductory oceanography course it is clear that our students have deficiencies in ocean literacy that impact their ability to recognize that the ocean and humans are inextricably connected. Furthermore, life present in deep subsurface marine environments is also interconnected to the study of the ocean, yet the deep biosphere is not typically covered in undergraduate oceanography courses. In an effort to improve student ocean literacy we developed an instructional module on the deep biosphere focused on gas hydrate deposits. Specifically, our module utilizes Google Earth and cutting edge research about microbial life in the ocean to support three inquiry-based activities that each explore different facets of gas hydrates (i.e. environmental controls, biologic controls, and societal implications). The relevant nature of the proposed module also makes it possible for instructors of introductory geology courses to modify module components to discuss related topics, such as climate, energy, and geologic hazards. This work, which will be available online as a free download, is a solid contribution toward increasing the available teaching resources focused on the deep biosphere for geoscience educators.

Zooplankton and the oceanography of the eastern tropical Pacific: A review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fernández-Álamo, María Ana; Färber-Lorda, Jaime

2006-05-01

trophic relations emphasize the difference in the productivity cycle in the eastern tropical Pacific compared to temperate or polar ecosystems, with no particular peaks in the stocks of either zooplankton or phytoplankton. Productivity is more dependent on local events like coastal upwelling or water circulation, especially in the equatorial countercurrent and around the equatorial cool-tongue. Micrograzers are very important in the tropics as are predatory mesozooplankton. Up to 70% of the daily primary productivity is consumed by microzooplankton, which thus regulates the phytoplankton stocks. Micrograzers are an important link between primary producers, including bacteria, and mesozooplankton, constituting up to 80% of mesozooplankton food. Oceanography affects zooplankton trophic relationships through spatial-temporal effects on primary productivity and on the distributions of metabolic factors, food organisms, and predators. This paper is part of a comprehensive review of the oceanography of the eastern tropical Pacific.

Experiential Learning: High School Student Response to Learning Oceanography at Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fiedler, J. W.; Tamsitt, V. M.; Crosby, S. C.; Ludka, B. C.

2016-12-01

The GOTO-SEE (Graduate students Onboard Teaching Oceanography - Scripps Educational Experience) cruises were conducted with two days of ship time off of Point Loma, CA, on the R/V Robert Gordon Sproul in July 2016. The cruises, funded through UC Ship Funds program, provided a unique training opportunity for graduate students to design, coordinate and conduct ship-based field experiments as well as teaching and mentoring students. The cruises allowed for instruction at sea for high school students in the UCSD Academic Connections program in two small classes: a two-week long Global Environmental Leadership and Sustainability Program and a 3-week long class entitled Wind, Waves and Currents: Physics of the Ocean World. Students in both classes assisted with the collection of data, including two repeat cross-shore vertical CTD sections with nutrient sampling, and the deployment and recovery of a 10-day moored vertical thermistor array. Additional activities included plankton net tows, sediment sampling, depth soundings, and simple experiments regarding light absorption in the ocean. The students later plotted the data collected as a class assignment and presented a scientific poster to their peers. Here, we present the lessons learned from the cruises as well as student responses to the unique in-the-field experience, and how those responses differed by curriculum.

NASA's Student Airborne Research Program as a model for effective professional development experience in Oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Palacios, S. L.; Kudela, R. M.; Clinton, N. E.; Atkins, N.; Austerberry, D.; Johnson, M.; McGonigle, J.; McIntosh, K.; O'Shea, J. J.; Shirshikova, Z.; Singer, N.; Snow, A.; Woods, R.; Schaller, E.; Shetter, R. E.

2011-12-01

With over half of the current earth and space science workforce expected to retire within the next 15 years, NASA has responded by cultivating young minds through programs such as the Student Airborne Research Program (SARP). SARP is a competitive internship that introduces upper-level undergraduates and early graduate students to Earth System Science research and NASA's Airborne Science Program. The program serves as a model for recruitment of very high caliber students into the scientific workforce. Its uniqueness derives from total vertical integration of hands-on experience at every stage of airborne science: aircraft instrumentation, flight planning, mission participation, field-work, analysis, and reporting of results in a competitive environment. At the conclusion of the program, students presented their work to NASA administrators, faculty, mentors, and the other participants with the incentive of being selected as best talk and earning a trip to the fall AGU meeting to present their work at the NASA booth. We hope lessons learned can inform the decisions of scientists at the highest levels seeking to broaden the appeal of research. In 2011, SARP was divided into three disciplinary themes: Oceanography, Land Use, and Atmospheric Chemistry. Each research group was mentored by an upper-level graduate student who was supervised by an expert faculty member. A coordinator managed the program and was supervised by a senior research scientist/administrator. The program is a model of knowledge transfer among the several levels of research: agency administration to the program coordinator, established scientific experts to the research mentors, and the research mentors to the pre-career student participants. The outcomes from this program include mission planning and institutional knowledge transfer from administrators and expert scientists to the coordinator and research mentors; personnel and project management from the coordinator and expert scientists to the

Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 5th, London, England, Sept. 3-7, 1990, Preprints

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

The present conference on satellite meteorology and oceanography discusses climate and clouds, retrieval algorithms, air-sea phenomenology, oceanographic applications, SSM/I, mesoscale, synoptic, and NWP applications, and future satellites and systems. Attention is given to the properties of cirrus clouds measured by satellites and lidars, the geographical variation of the diurnal cycle of clouds from ISCCP, the susceptibility of cloud reflectance to pollution, and a global analysis of aerosol-cloud interactions. Topics addressed include precision intercomparisons between MSU channel 2 and radiosonde data over the U.S., humidity estimates from Meteosat observations, the assimilation of altimeter observations into a global wave model, and atmosphericmore » stratification effects on scatterometer model functions. Also discussed are observations of Indian Ocean eddy variability, the deconvolution of GOES infrared data, short-range variations in total cloud cover in the tropics, and rainfall monitoring by the SSM/I in middle latitudes.« less

The EOSDIS Version 0 Distributed Active Archive Center for physical oceanography and air-sea interaction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hilland, Jeffrey E.; Collins, Donald J.; Nichols, David A.

1991-01-01

The Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory will support scientists specializing in physical oceanography and air-sea interaction. As part of the NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System Version 0 the DAAC will build on existing capabilities to provide services for data product generation, archiving, distribution and management of information about data. To meet scientist's immediate needs for data, existing data sets from missions such as Seasat, Geosat, the NOAA series of satellites and the Global Positioning Satellite system will be distributed to investigators upon request. In 1992, ocean topography, wave and surface roughness data from the Topex/Poseidon radar altimeter mission will be archived and distributed. New data products will be derived from Topex/Poseidon and other sensor systems based on recommendations of the science community. In 1995, ocean wind field measurements from the NASA Scatterometer will be supported by the DAAC.

Review of the physical oceanography of the Cape Hatteras, North Carolina Region. Volume 1. Literature synthesis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Adams, C.E.; Berger, T.J.; Boicourt, W.C.

The present study is part of a sequence of programs designed to provide the MMS with a basis for evaluating the potential environmental impacts of oil and gas production off of the Cape Hatteras region. The primary objective of this review is to summarize and critique the present state of knowledge of the physical oceanography of the complex region offshore of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, within the context of understanding the regional circulation and its relation to the fate of any discharges resulting from offshore oil and gas activity. The two other related objectives are to produce an annotated bibliographymore » of the pertinent literature, primarily from 1970 to the present, and to identify relevant oceanographic data sets which can provide a basis for an improved understanding of circulation patterns and physical oceanographic conditions in the study area.« less

Satellite observations of the ice cover of the Kuril Basin Region of the Okhotsk Sea and its relation to the regional oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wakatsuchi, Masaaki; Martin, Seelye

1990-08-01

For the period 1978-1982, this paper examines the nature of the sea ice which forms over the Kuril Basin of the Okhotsk Sea and describes the impact of this ice on the regional oceanography. The paper compares the oceanographic behavior during the heavy ice season associated with the cold 1979 winter with the behavior during the lighter ice years of 1980 and 1982. Examination of the oceanography in the Okhotsk and the adjacent Pacific shows that the early summer water column structure depends on the heat loss from the Okhotsk during the preceding ice season, the total amount of Okhotsk ice formation, and specifically the amount of ice formation in the Kuril Basin. Following the 1979 ice season, the upper 200-300 m of the Kuril Basin waters were cooler, less saline, and richer in oxygen than for the other years. This modification appears to be a process local to the Kuril Basin, driven by eddy-induced mixing, local cooling, and ice melting. In the depths 300-1200 m, the water modification is caused by the advection of water from the northern Okhotsk. For 1979, this deeper water is also less saline, colder, and richer in oxygen than for the lighter ice years. The water modified in the Okhotsk enters the adjacent North Pacific through the Bussol' Strait, where for 1979 the adjacent waters are also cooler, less saline, and richer in oxygen down to a depth of 1000 m than for the lighter ice years.

Enhancing Oceanography Classrooms with "Captive and Cultured" Ocean Experiences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Macko, S. A.; Tuite, M.; O'Connell, M.

2012-04-01

Students in oceanography classes often request more direct exposure to actual ocean situations or field trips. During regular session (13 week) or shorter term (4 week) summer classes such long trips are logistically difficult owing to large numbers of students involved or timing. This new approach to such a course supplement addresses the requests by utilizing local resources and short field trips for a limited number of students (20) to locations in which Ocean experiences are available, and are often supported through education and outreach components. The vision of the class was a mixture of classroom time, readings, along with paper and actual laboratories. In addition short day-long trips to locations where the ocean was "captured" were also used to supplement the experience as well as speakers involved with aquaculture ("cultivated") . Central Virginia is a fortunate location for such a class, with close access for "day travel" to the Chesapeake Bay and numerous field stations, museums with ocean-based exhibits (the Smithsonian and National Zoo) that address both extant and extinct Earth history, as well as national/state aquaria in Baltimore, Washington and Virginia Beach. Furthermore, visits to local seafood markets at local grocery stores, or larger city markets) enhance the exposure to productivity in the ocean, and viability of the fisheries sustainability. The course could then address not only the particulars of the marine science, but also aspects of ethics, including keeping animals in captivity or overfishing of particular species and the special difficulties that arise from captive or culturing ocean populations. In addition, the class was encouraged to post web-based journals of experiences in order to share opinions of observations in each of the settings.

The plume of the Yukon River in relation to the oceanography of the Bering Sea

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dean, Kenneson G.; Mcroy, C. Peter; Ahlnas, Kristina; Springer, Alan

1989-01-01

The ecosystem of the northern Bering-Sea shelf was studied using data from the NOAA Very High Resolution Radiometer and AVHRR and the Landsat MSS and Thematic Mapper (TM) in conjunction with shipboard measurements. Emphasis was placed on the influence of the Yukon River on this inner shelf environment and on the evaluation of the utility of the new Landsat TM data for oceanography. It was found that the patterns of water mass distribution obtained from satellite images agreed reasonably well with the areal patterns of temperature, salinity, and phytoplankton distributions. The AVHRR, MSS, and TM data show that the Yukon-River discharge is warmer and more turbid than the surrounding coastal water that originates to the south; thus, the Yukon water contributes to the higher temperatures and lower transmissivity of the coastal water. The high resolution of the TM thermal IR band made it possible to observe complex patterns and structures in the surface water that could not be resolved on previous data sets.

Real-Time Access to Altimetry and Operational Oceanography Products via OPeNDAP/LAS Technologies : the Example of Aviso, Mercator and Mersea Projects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baudel, S.; Blanc, F.; Jolibois, T.; Rosmorduc, V.

2004-12-01

The Products and Services (P&S) department in the Space Oceanography Division at CLS is in charge of diffusing and promoting altimetry and operational oceanography data. P&S is so involved in Aviso satellite altimetry project, in Mercator ocean operational forecasting system, and in the European Godae /Mersea ocean portal. Aiming to a standardisation and a common vision and management of all these ocean data, these projects led to the implementation of several OPeNDAP/LAS Internet servers. OPeNDAP allows the user to extract via a client software (like IDL, Matlab or Ferret) the data he is interested in and only this data, avoiding him to download full information files. OPeNDAP allows to extract a geographic area, a period time, an oceanic variable, and an output format. LAS is an OPeNDAP data access web server whose special feature consists in the facility for unify in a single vision the access to multiple types of data from distributed data sources. The LAS can make requests to different remote OPeNDAP servers. This enables to make comparisons or statistics upon several different data types. Aviso is the CNES/CLS service which distributes altimetry products since 1993. The Aviso LAS distributes several Ssalto/Duacs altimetry products such as delayed and near-real time mean sea level anomaly, absolute dynamic topography, absolute geostrophic velocities, gridded significant wave height and gridded wind speed modulus. Mercator-Ocean is a French operational oceanography centre which distributes its products by several means among them LAS/OPeNDAP servers as part of Mercator Mersea-strand1 contribution. 3D ocean description (temperature, salinity, current and other oceanic variables) of the North Atlantic and Mediterranean are real-time available and weekly updated. LAS special feature consisting in the possibility of making requests to several remote data centres with same OPeNDAP configurations particularly fitted to Mersea strand-1 problematics. This European

Brachiopod δ18O values do reflect ambient oceanography: Lacepede Shelf, southern Australia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

James, Noel P.; Bone, Yvonne; Kurtis Kyser, T.

1997-06-01

Although commonly used as proxies for attributes of ancient ocean waters, the δ18O values of brachiopods from modern seas are little studied. To evaluate the utility of brachiopods as recorders of regional oceanography, modern shells from the Lacepede Shelf (25 000 km2) of southern Australia were analyzed for δ18O, and the results were compared to the values of ambient seawater. Southern Ocean waters cover this area of extensive cool-water carbonate deposition, but there are distinct sectors of seasonal upwelling and lesser fluvial outflow. δ18O values of brachiopods across the environmental spectrum from 40 to 300 m water depth are in general isotopic equilibrium with surrounding seawater. Nevertheless, δ18O values from individual sample sites vary as much as 0.60‰. The area of cold-water upwelling in particular is clearly delimited by a group of high δ18O values. The range of values across this one shelf, on the order of 2.5‰, is similar to the range of values postulated on the basis of similar results for secular changes in many ancient oceans.

The Fourth International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Karoly, D.J.; Rosen, R.D.

The Fourth International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography was held during the week of 29 March-2 April 1993 in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. The conference was a joint meeting of the American Meteorological Society and the Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society and was cosponsored by the Australian Academy of Sciences, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, and the World Meteorological Organization. There was great interest in the conference, with 398 participants attending from 25 countries, including 92 participants from the Unites States. Student participation was strongly encouraged,and thanks to support from a number of agencies, as many as 60 students weremore » able to attend and actively contribute to the conference. The program included 110 oral and about 200 poster presentations. Each day started with two invited papers in the first morning session, followed by parallel oral sessions later in the morning and most afternoons. These were followed in turn by a poster session on three of the afternoons, with two of these days closed by a keynote address. The presentations were organized around seven major themes: general circulation, climate change, TOGA COARE and tropical studies, chemical cycles, numerical prediction and data analysis, regional studies, and Antarctic environment. The aim of the conference, to encourage greater communication between oceanographers and meteorologists interested in the Southern Hemisphere, was accomplished by including papers from both groups in each of the sessions. This review presents summaries of the invited keynote and invited papers and also briefly describes other activities of the conference.« less

Centre of Excellence in Observational Oceanography: Nippon Foundation and POGO Supported Programme at the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Plumley, F. G.; Sathyendranath, S.; Frouin, R.; Knap, T.

2008-05-01

Building on previous experience in capacity building for ocean observations, the Nippon Foundation (NF) and the Partnership for Observations of the Global Oceans (POGO) have announced a new Centre of Excellence (C of E) at the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS). The goals of the C of E are to expand the world-wide capacity and expertise to observe the oceans and to expand capacity-building projects and promote international collaboration and networking in ocean sciences. Over the past 104 years, BIOS has built a global reputation in blue-water oceanography, coral reef ecology, and the relationships between ocean health and human health coupled with high quality education programmes that provide direct, hands-on experience with BIOS-based research. The C of E at BIOS will build upon this model to establish a new, graduate-level education and training programme in operational oceanography. The 10 month Programme will offer course modules in ocean disciplines with a focus on observatory sciences complemented by hands-on training in observational methods and techniques based on the multi-disciplinary expertise of BIOS and BIOS-affiliated scientists who direct ongoing, ocean observational programmes such as: - Hydrostation S, since 1954; - Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study, since 1988; - Oceanic Flux Program sediment trap time-series, since 1978; - Bermuda Test-Bed and Science Mooring, since 1994; - Bermuda Microbial Observatory, since 1997; - Bermuda Bio-Optics Program, since 1992; - Atmospheric chemistry and air-sea fluxes, since 1990 Additional areas of BIOS research expertise will be incorporated in the C of E to broaden the scope of education and training. These include the nearshore observational network of the BIOS Marine Environmental Program and the environmental air-water chemistry network of the Bermuda Environmental Quality Program. A key resource of the C of E is the newly acquired 168 ft. research vessel, the RV Atlantic Explorer, which was

Meteorology and oceanography of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean—a review of German achievements from the last decade

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hellmer, Hartmut H.; Rhein, Monika; Heinemann, Günther; Abalichin, Janna; Abouchami, Wafa; Baars, Oliver; Cubasch, Ulrich; Dethloff, Klaus; Ebner, Lars; Fahrbach, Eberhard; Frank, Martin; Gollan, Gereon; Greatbatch, Richard J.; Grieger, Jens; Gryanik, Vladimir M.; Gryschka, Micha; Hauck, Judith; Hoppema, Mario; Huhn, Oliver; Kanzow, Torsten; Koch, Boris P.; König-Langlo, Gert; Langematz, Ulrike; Leckebusch, Gregor C.; Lüpkes, Christof; Paul, Stephan; Rinke, Annette; Rost, Bjoern; van der Loeff, Michiel Rutgers; Schröder, Michael; Seckmeyer, Gunther; Stichel, Torben; Strass, Volker; Timmermann, Ralph; Trimborn, Scarlett; Ulbrich, Uwe; Venchiarutti, Celia; Wacker, Ulrike; Willmes, Sascha; Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter

2016-11-01

In the early 1980s, Germany started a new era of modern Antarctic research. The Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) was founded and important research platforms such as the German permanent station in Antarctica, today called Neumayer III, and the research icebreaker Polarstern were installed. The research primarily focused on the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. In parallel, the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) started a priority program `Antarctic Research' (since 2003 called SPP-1158) to foster and intensify the cooperation between scientists from different German universities and the AWI as well as other institutes involved in polar research. Here, we review the main findings in meteorology and oceanography of the last decade, funded by the priority program. The paper presents field observations and modelling efforts, extending from the stratosphere to the deep ocean. The research spans a large range of temporal and spatial scales, including the interaction of both climate components. In particular, radiative processes, the interaction of the changing ozone layer with large-scale atmospheric circulations, and changes in the sea ice cover are discussed. Climate and weather forecast models provide an insight into the water cycle and the climate change signals associated with synoptic cyclones. Investigations of the atmospheric boundary layer focus on the interaction between atmosphere, sea ice and ocean in the vicinity of polynyas and leads. The chapters dedicated to polar oceanography review the interaction between the ocean and ice shelves with regard to the freshwater input and discuss the changes in water mass characteristics, ventilation and formation rates, crucial for the deepest limb of the global, climate-relevant meridional overturning circulation. They also highlight the associated storage of anthropogenic carbon as well as the cycling of carbon, nutrients and trace metals

The Physical Oceanography of Australia's Sunshine Coast

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ribbe, Joachim

2017-04-01

Australia's Sunshine coast is located to the south of the Great Barrier Reef and Fraser Island between about 25 oS to 28 oS. With a width of nearly 70-80 km, the eastern Australian continental shelf is at its widest here. The shelf region is referred to as the Southeast Queensland Marine Coastal Zone due to its unique physical oceanographic characteristics. The most prominent large-scale oceanic feature is the southward flowing East Australian Current (EAC). It forms to the north of Fraser Island from Coral Sea outflows, intensifies, and follows the continental shelf as a swift continental shelf hugging current but variable in strength; stronger in the southern hemisphere summer and weaker in winter. Little attention has been paid to the physical oceanography of this region, although important physical processes take place that drive regional marine environmental conditions, drive cross-shelf exchanges and interactions with the EAC, and that represent marine connectivity processes significant to the larger scale eastern Australian fisheries. This presentation reviews recent discoveries that include the Southeast Fraser Island Upwelling System, the Fraser Island Gyre, and document the role of cyclonic mesoscale eddies in driving cross-shelf exchanges and contribute to the formation of the Fraser Island Gyre. The Southeast Fraser Island Upwelling System appears to be predominately driven by the interaction of the EAC with the continental shelf leading to the establishment of one of eight important marine ecological hotspots along the east Australian coast. The Fraser Island Gyre is most prominent during the southern hemisphere autumn and winter months. It is characterised by on-shelf northerly flow, turning eastward south of Fraser Island before joining the EAC. It emerges that cyclonic eddy formation as well as the south-easterly trade winds drive the gyre's establishment and strength. A census of short-lived (7-28 days) cyclonic eddies, the first for any western

A New Data Management System for Biological and Chemical Oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Groman, R. C.; Chandler, C.; Allison, D.; Glover, D. M.; Wiebe, P. H.

2007-12-01

The Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) was created to serve PIs principally funded by NSF to conduct marine chemical and ecological research. The new office is dedicated to providing open access to data and information developed in the course of scientific research on short and intermediate time-frames. The data management system developed in support of U.S. JGOFS and U.S. GLOBEC programs is being modified to support the larger scope of the BCO-DMO effort, which includes ultimately providing a way to exchange data with other data systems. The open access system is based on a philosophy of data stewardship, support for existing and evolving data standards, and use of public domain software. The DMO staff work closely with originating PIs to manage data gathered as part of their individual programs. In the new BCO-DMO data system, project and data set metadata records designed to support re-use of the data are stored in a relational database (MySQL) and the data are stored in or made accessible by the JGOFS/GLOBEC object- oriented, relational, data management system. Data access will be provided via any standard Web browser client user interface through a GIS application (Open Source, OGC-compliant MapServer), a directory listing from the data holdings catalog, or a custom search engine that facilitates data discovery. In an effort to maximize data system interoperability, data will also be available via Web Services; and data set descriptions will be generated to comply with a variety of metadata content standards. The office is located at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and web access is via http://www.bco-dmo.org.

Tactile Digital Video Globes: a New Way to Outreach Oceanography.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Poteau, A.; Claustre, H.; Scheurle, C.; Jessin, T.; Fontana, C.

2016-02-01

One objective of the "Ocean Autonomous Observation" team of the Laboratory of Oceanography of Villefranche-sur-mer is to develop new means to outreach our science activities to various audiences. Besides the scientific community, this includes students and targets the general public, school pupils, and stakeholders. In this context, we have acquired a digital video globe with tactile capabilities and we will present here the various applications that we have been developing. A first type of products concerns the visualization of oceanic properties (SST, salinity, density, Chla, O2, NO3, irradiance) by diving from the surface (generally from satellite data) into the Ocean interior (through the use of global data bases, Argo, WOA). In second place, specific applications deal with surface animations allowing highlighting the seasonality of some properties (Chla, SST, ice cover, currents; based on satellite as well as modeling outputs). Finally, we show a variety of applications developed using the tactile functionality of the spherical display. In particular real-time vertical profiles acquired by Bio-Argo floats become directly accessible for the entire open ocean. Such a new tool plus its novel applications has been presented to school children, and to the wider public (at the so-called "fête de la science") as well as to potential sponsors of our science-outreach activities. Their feedback has always been highly positive and encouraging in terms of impact. From the scientists point of view, the use of this new support can easily compete with the classical PowerPoint, is much more attractive and fun and undeniably helps to outreach the various aspects of our pluridisciplinary science.

The Central Role of the Mississippi River and its Delta in the Oceanography, Ecology and Economy of the Gulf of Mexico: A Synthesis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kolker, A.; Chu, P. Y.; Taylor, C.; Roberts, B. J.; Renfro, A. A.; Peyronnin, N.; Fitzpatrick, C.

2017-12-01

While it has long been recognized that the Mississippi River is the largest source of freshwater, nutrients and sediments to the Gulf of Mexico, many questions remain unanswered about the impacts of the material on oceanography of the system. Here we report on the results of a regional synthesis study that examined how the Mississippi River and its delta influence the oceanography, ecology and the economy of the Gulf of Mexico. By employing a series of expert-opinion working groups, and using multi-dimensional numerical physical oceanographic models coupled to in-situ environmental data, this project is working to quantify how variability in discharge, meteorological forcings, and seasonal conditions influence the spatial distribution of the Mississippi River plume and its influence. Results collected to date indicate that the dimensions of the river plume are closely coupled to discharge, but in a non-linear fashion, that incorporates fluxes, flow distributions, offshore and meteorological forcings in the context of the local bathymetry. Ongoing research is using these human and numerical tools to help further elucidate the impacts of this river on the biogeochemistry of the region, and the distribution of key macrofauna. Further work by this team is examining how the delta's impacts on the ecology of the region, and the role that the delta plays as both a source of material for key offshore fauna, and a barrier to dispersal. This information is being used to help further the development of a research agenda for the northern Gulf of Mexico that will be useful through the mid-21st century.

Gradient field of undersea sound speed structure extracted from the GNSS-A oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yokota, Yusuke; Ishikawa, Tadashi; Watanabe, Shun-ichi

2018-06-01

After the twenty-first century, the Global Navigation Satellite System-Acoustic ranging (GNSS-A) technique detected geodetic events such as co- and postseismic effects following the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake and slip-deficit rate distributions along the Nankai Trough subduction zone. Although these are extremely important discoveries in geodesy and seismology, more accurate observation that can capture temporal and spatial changes are required for future earthquake disaster prevention. In order to upgrade the accuracy of the GNSS-A technique, it is necessary to understand disturbances in undersea sound speed structures, which are major error sources. In particular, detailed temporal and spatial variations are difficult to observe accurately, and their effect was not sufficiently extracted in previous studies. In the present paper, we reconstruct an inversion scheme for extracting the effect from GNSS-A data and experimentally apply this scheme to the seafloor sites around the Kuroshio. The extracted gradient effects are believed to represent not only a broad sound speed structure but also a more detailed structure generated in the unsteady disturbance. The accuracy of the seafloor positioning was also improved by this new method. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of using the GNSS-A technique to detect a seafloor crustal deformation for oceanography research.

Toxic red tides and harmful algal blooms: A practical challenge in coastal oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anderson, Donald M.

1995-07-01

The debate over the relative value of practical or applied versus fundamental research has heated up considerably in recent years, and oceanography has not been spared this re-evaluation of science funding policy. Some federal agencies with marine interests have always focused their resources on practical problems, but those with a traditional commitment to basic research such as the National Science Foundation have increasingly had to fight to maintain their freedom to fund quality science without regard to practical or commercial applications. Within this context, it is instructive to highlight the extent to which certain scientific programs can satisfy both sides of this policy dilemma—i.e. address important societal issues through advances in fundamental or basic research. One clear oceanographic example of such a program involves the phenomena called "red tides" or "harmful algal blooms". This paper describes the nature and extent of the problems caused by these outbreaks, emphasizing the alarming expansion in their incidence and their impacts in recent years, both in the U.S. and worldwide. The objective is to highlight fundamental physical, biological, and chemical oceanographic question that must be addressed if we are to achieve the practical goal of scientifically based management of fisheries resources, public health, and ecosystem health in regions threatened by toxic and harmful algae.

Educational Experiences in Oceanography through Hands-On Involvement with Surface Drifters: an Introduction to Ocean Currents, Engineering, Data Collection, and Computer Science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anderson, T.

2015-12-01

The Northeast Fisheries Science Center's (NEFSC) Student Drifters Program is providing education opportunities for students of all ages. Using GPS-tracked ocean drifters, various educational institutions can provide students with hands-on experience in physical oceanography, engineering, and computer science. In building drifters many high school and undergraduate students may focus on drifter construction, sometimes designing their own drifter or attempting to improve current NEFSC models. While learning basic oceanography younger students can build drifters with the help of an educator and directions available on the studentdrifters.org website. Once drifters are deployed, often by a local mariner or oceanographic partner, drifter tracks can be visualised on maps provided at http://nefsc.noaa.gov/drifter. With the lesson plans available for those interested in computer science, students may download, process, and plot the drifter position data with basic Python code provided. Drifter tracks help students to visualize ocean currents, and also allow them to understand real particle tracking applications such as in search and rescue, oil spill dispersion, larval transport, and the movement of injured sea animals. Additionally, ocean circulation modelers can use student drifter paths to validate their models. The Student Drifters Program has worked with over 100 schools, several of them having deployed drifters on the West Coast. Funding for the program often comes from individual schools and small grants but in the future will preferably come from larger government grants. NSF, Sea-Grant, NOAA, and EPA are all possible sources of funding, especially with the support of multiple schools and large marine education associations. The Student Drifters Program is a unique resource for educators, students, and scientists alike.

A perspective on the future of physical oceanography.

PubMed

Garabato, Alberto C Naveira

2012-12-13

oceanography towards a more operational enterprise by contextual factors. The basic elements that a strategy for the future must have to foster progress in these two areas are discussed, with an overarching emphasis on the promotion of curiosity-driven fundamental research against opposing external pressures and on the importance of upholding fundamental research as the apex of education in the field.

Cumulative and Synergistic Effects of Physical, Biological, and Acoustic Signals on Marine Mammal Habitat Use Physical Oceanography Component: Soundscapes Under Sea Ice: Can We Listen for Open Water?

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-30

Physical, Biological, and Acoustic Signals on Marine Mammal Habitat Use Physical Oceanography Component: Soundscapes Under Sea Ice: Can we listen for... Soundscapes Under Sea Ice: Can we listen for open water? 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d...the source. These different sounds can be described as “ soundscapes ”, and graphically represented by comparing two or more features of the sound

Oceanography of the Eastern Pacific—an introduction to volume III

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Färber-Lorda, Jaime

2004-03-01

In 1998, the Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior (CICESE) celebrated its 25th anniversary, which was the occasion to start the series of colloquia that take place every 2 years, the Coloquio Sobre la Oceanografía del Pacifico Oriental, in Ensenada. Two volumes were published in 2000 (Färber-Lorda, 2000) and in 2002 (Färber-Lorda, 2002), with some of the papers presented during the events. CICESE supported the edition of the first two volumes, as well as the meetings. The papers of this present volume were presented during the III Coloquio Sobre la Oceanografía del Pacifico Oriental. A special volume concerning different aspects of the consequences in México of the 1997-1998 El Niño/La Niña 1998-1999, was recently published in México (Badan et al., 2003); however, it is not restricted to the Pacific nor only to oceanography. The Eastern Pacific encompasses a very wide range of different biotic and abiotic conditions. Papers on topics from Alaska, to the Chilean Fjords of southern Chile, and from the Gulf of California to the 180° meridian, around the equator, are presented (see Fig. 1). Even if unity in the subjects is impossible to achieve, the information is important to assess the research performed in the area. Here, we give a brief description of the papers presented. Some general discussion is possible and some common features of phenomena like El Niño and La Niña, and the 1998/1999 regime-shift of the North Pacific, are exposed. For the first time a special volume is dedicated to this area, instead of a particular topic.

The Prestige crisis: operational oceanography applied to oil recovery, by the Basque fishing fleet.

PubMed

González, Manuel; Uriarte, Adolfo; Pozo, Rogelio; Collins, Michael

2006-01-01

On 19th November 2002, the oil tanker Prestige (containing 77,000 tonnes of heavy fuel no. 2 (M100)) sank in 3500 m of water, off the coast of northwestern Spain. Intermittent discharge of oil from the stricken tanker, combined with large-scale sea surface dispersion, created a tracking and recovery problem. Initially, conventional oil recovery approaches were adopted, close to the wreck. With time and distance from the source, the oil dispersed dramatically and became less viscous. Consequently, a unique monitoring, prediction and data dissemination system was established, based upon the principles of 'operational oceanography'; this utilised in situ tracked buoys and numerical (spill trajectory) modelling outputs, in combination with remote sensing (satellite sensors and visual observation). Overall, wind effects on the surface waters were found to be the most important mechanism controlling the smaller oil slick movements. The recovery operation involved up to 180 fishing boats, 9-30 m in length. Such labour-intensive recovery of the oil (21,000 tonnes, representing an unprecedented ratio of 6.6 tonnes at sea, per tonne recovered on land) continued over a 10 month period. The overall recovery at sea, by the fishing vessels, represented 63% of the total oil recovered at sea; this compares to only 37% recovered by specialised 'counter- pollution' vessels.

Seismic Oceanography in the Tyrrhenian Sea: Thermohaline Staircases, Eddies, and Internal Waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buffett, G. G.; Krahmann, G.; Klaeschen, D.; Schroeder, K.; Sallarès, V.; Papenberg, C.; Ranero, C. R.; Zitellini, N.

2017-11-01

We use seismic oceanography to document and analyze oceanic thermohaline fine structure across the Tyrrhenian Sea. Multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection data were acquired during the MEDiterranean OCcidental survey in April-May 2010. We deployed along-track expendable bathythermograph probes simultaneous with MCS acquisition. At nearby locations we gathered conductivity-temperature-depth data. An autonomous glider survey added in situ measurements of oceanic properties. The seismic reflectivity clearly delineates thermohaline fine structure in the upper 2,000 m of the water column, indicating the interfaces between Atlantic Water/Winter Intermediate Water, Levantine Intermediate Water, and Tyrrhenian Deep Water. We observe the Northern Tyrrhenian Anticyclone, a near-surface mesoscale eddy, plus laterally and vertically extensive thermohaline staircases. Using MCS, we are able to fully image the anticyclone to a depth of 800 m and to confirm the horizontal continuity of the thermohaline staircases of more than 200 km. The staircases show the clearest step-like gradients in the center of the basin while they become more diffuse toward the periphery and bottom, where impedance gradients become too small to be detected by MCS. We quantify the internal wave field and find it to be weak in the region of the eddy and in the center of the staircases, while it is stronger near the coastlines. Our results indicate this is because of the influence of the boundary currents, which disrupt the formation of staircases by preventing diffusive convection. In the interior of the basin, the staircases are clearer and the internal wave field weaker, suggesting that other mixing processes such as double diffusion prevail.

Seabird, fish, marine mammal, and oceanography coordinated investigations (SMMOCI) in Sitka Sound, Alaska, July 2000

USGS Publications Warehouse

Piatt, John F.; Dragoo, Donald E.

2005-01-01

Surveys for seabirds and marine mammals were conducted in and near Sitka Sound, Alaska (Fig. 1) from the M/V Tiĝlax̂ during 12-16 July 2000 (Table 1, Fig. 1). The objective was to characterize the marine environment in the vicinity of St. Lazaria Island, one of ten seabird colonies monitored annually by the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (See Dragoo et al. 2003). In addition to censusing seabirds and mammals encountered on line transects, local oceanography was characterized by measuring water temperature and salinity continuously at the sea surface, and by taking profiles of the water column on a series of CTD transects. The relative abundance of zooplankton and fish biomass was measured using a dual -frequency echosounder. Significant acoustic targets were sampled with a m id-water trawl net. Long-lines were se t twice to catch and characterize diets of large demersal fish species.Rosenthal et al. (1981 and 1982) studied the bottomfish component of the nearshore habitats in southeastern Alaska including the Sitka Sound area during the summers of 1980 and 1981, allowing comparisons of our findings to those from the earlier works. There are no previous surveys for seabirds or marine mammals in this area with which we can compare our surveys.

In the Footsteps of Roger Revelle: A STEM Partnership Between Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Office of Naval Research and Middle School Science Students Bringing Next Generation Science Standards into the Classroom through Ocean Science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brice, D.; Appelgate, B., Jr.; Mauricio, P.

2014-12-01

Now in its tenth year, "In the Footsteps of Roger Revelle" (IFRR) is a middle school science education program that draws student interest, scientific content and coherence with Next Generation Science Standards from real-time research at sea in fields of physical science. As a successful collaboration involving Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO),Office of Naval Research (ONR), and San Marcos Middle School (SMMS), IFRR brings physical oceanography and related sciences to students at the San Marcos Middle School in real-time from research vessels at sea using SIO's HiSeasNet satellite communication system. With a generous grant from ONR, students are able to tour the SIO Ships and spend a day at sea doing real oceanographic data collection and labs. Through real-time and near-realtime broadcasts and webcasts, students are able to share data with scientists and gain an appreciation for the value of Biogeochemical research in the field as it relates to their classroom studies. Interaction with scientists and researchers as well as crew members gives students insights into not only possible career paths, but the vital importance of cutting edge oceanographic research on our society. With their science teacher on the ship as an education outreach specialist or ashore guiding students in their interactions with selected scientists at sea, students observe shipboard research being carried out live via videoconference, Skype, daily e-mails, interviews, digital whiteboard sessions, and web interaction. Students then research, design, develop, deploy, and field-test their own data-collecting physical oceanography instruments in their classroom. The online interactive curriculum models the Next Generation Science Standards encouraging active inquiry and critical thinking with intellectually stimulating problem- solving, enabling students to gain critical insight and skill while investigating some of the most provocative questions of our time, and seeing scientists as

Bottom friction. A practical approach to modelling coastal oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bolanos, Rodolfo; Jensen, Palle; Kofoed-Hansen, Henrik; Tornsfeldt Sørensen, Jacob

2017-04-01

Coastal processes imply the interaction of the atmosphere, the sea, the coastline and the bottom. The spatial gradients in this area are normally large, induced by orographic and bathymetric features. Although nowadays it is possible to obtain high-resolution bathymetry, the details of the seabed, e.g. sediment type, presence of biological material and living organisms are not available. Additionally, these properties as well as bathymetry can also be highly dynamic. These bottom characteristics are very important to describe the boundary layer of currents and waves and control to a large degree the dissipation of flows. The bottom friction is thus typically a calibration parameter in numerical modelling of coastal processes. In this work, we assess this process and put it into context of other physical processes uncertainties influencing wind-waves and currents in the coastal areas. A case study in the North Sea is used, particularly the west coast of Denmark, where water depth of less than 30 m cover a wide fringe along the coast, where several offshore wind farm developments are being carried out. We use the hydrodynamic model MIKE 21 HD and the spectral wave model MIKE 21 SW to simulate atmosphere and tidal induced flows and the wind wave generation and propagation. Both models represent state of the art and have been developed for flexible meshes, ideal for coastal oceanography as they can better represent coastlines and allow a variable spatial resolution within the domain. Sensitivity tests to bottom friction formulations are carried out into context of other processes (e.g. model forcing uncertainties, wind and wave interactions, wind drag coefficient). Additionally, a map of varying bottom properties is generated based on a literature survey to explore the impact of the spatial variability. Assessment of different approaches is made in order to establish a best practice regarding bottom friction and coastal oceanographic modelling. Its contribution is also

The application of standard definitions of sound to the fields of underwater acoustics and acoustical oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carey, William M.

2004-05-01

Recent societal concerns have focused attention on the use of sound as a probe to investigate the oceans and its use in naval sonar applications. The concern is the impact the use of sound may have on marine mammals and fishes. The focus has changed the fields of acoustical oceanography (AO) and underwater acoustics (UW) because of the requirement to communicate between disciplines. Multiple National Research Council publications, Dept. of Navy reports, and several monographs have been written on this subject, and each reveals the importance as well as the misapplication of ASA standards. The ANSI-ASA standards are comprehensive, however not widely applied. The clear definition of standards and recommendations of their use is needed for both scientists and government agencies. Traditionally the U.S. Navy has been responsible for UW standards and calibration; the ANSI-ASA standards have been essential. However, recent changes in the Navy and its laboratory structure may necessitate a more formal recognition of ANSI-ASA standards and perhaps incorporation of UW-AO in the Bureau of Standards. A separate standard for acoustical terminology, reference levels, and notation used in the UW-AO is required. Since the problem is global, a standard should be compatible and cross referenced with the International Standard (CEI/IEC 27-3).

West Hackberry Strategic Petroleum Reserve site brine-disposal monitoring, Year I report. Volume II. Physical and chemical oceanography. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

DeRouen, L.R.; Hann, R.W.; Casserly, D.M.

1983-02-01

This project centers around the Strategic Petroleum Site (SPR) known as the West Hackberry salt dome which is located in southwestern Louisiana, and which is designed to store 241 million barrels of crude oil. Oil storage caverns are formed by injecting water into salt deposits, and pumping out the resulting brine. Studies described in this report were designed as follow-on studies to three months of pre-discharge characterization work, and include data collected during the first year of brine leaching operations. The objectives were to: (1) characterize the environment in terms of physical, chemical and biological attributes; (2) determine if significantmore » adverse changes in ecosystem productivity and stability of the biological community are occurring as a result of brine discharge; and (3) determine the magnitude of any change observed. Contents of Volume II include: introduction; physical oceanography; estuarine hydrology and hydrography; analysis of discharge plume; and water and sediment quality.« less

Oceanography at coastal scales: Introduction to the special issue on results from the EU FP7 FIELD_AC project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sánchez-Arcilla, Agustín; Wolf, Judith; Monbaliu, Jaak

2014-09-01

The high-resolution and coupled forecasting of wind, waves and currents, in restricted coastal domains, offer a number of important challenges; these limit the quality of predictions, in the present state-of-the-art. This paper presents the main results obtained for such coastal domains, with reference to a variety of modelling suites and observing networks for: a) Liverpool Bay; b) German Bight; c) Gulf of Venice; and d) the Catalan coast. All of these areas are restricted domains, where boundary effects play a significant role in the resulting inner dynamics. This contribution addresses also the themes of the other papers in this Special Issue, ranging from observations to simulations. Emphasis is placed upon the physics controlling such restricted areas. The text deals also with the transfer to end-users and other interested parties, since the requirements on resolution, accuracy and robustness must be linked to their applications. Finally, some remarks are included on the way forward for coastal oceanography and the synergetic combination of in-situ and remote measurements, with high-resolution 3D simulations.

Near resonant bubble acoustic cross-section corrections, including examples from oceanography, volcanology, and biomedical ultrasound.

PubMed

Ainslie, Michael A; Leighton, Timothy G

2009-11-01

The scattering cross-section sigma(s) of a gas bubble of equilibrium radius R(0) in liquid can be written in the form sigma(s)=4piR(0) (2)[(omega(1) (2)omega(2)-1)(2)+delta(2)], where omega is the excitation frequency, omega(1) is the resonance frequency, and delta is a frequency-dependent dimensionless damping coefficient. A persistent discrepancy in the frequency dependence of the contribution to delta from radiation damping, denoted delta(rad), is identified and resolved, as follows. Wildt's [Physics of Sound in the Sea (Washington, DC, 1946), Chap. 28] pioneering derivation predicts a linear dependence of delta(rad) on frequency, a result which Medwin [Ultrasonics 15, 7-13 (1977)] reproduces using a different method. Weston [Underwater Acoustics, NATO Advanced Study Institute Series Vol. II, 55-88 (1967)], using ostensibly the same method as Wildt, predicts the opposite relationship, i.e., that delta(rad) is inversely proportional to frequency. Weston's version of the derivation of the scattering cross-section is shown here to be the correct one, thus resolving the discrepancy. Further, a correction to Weston's model is derived that amounts to a shift in the resonance frequency. A new, corrected, expression for the extinction cross-section is also derived. The magnitudes of the corrections are illustrated using examples from oceanography, volcanology, planetary acoustics, neutron spallation, and biomedical ultrasound. The corrections become significant when the bulk modulus of the gas is not negligible relative to that of the surrounding liquid.

Strategies for Assessing Learning Outcomes in an Online Oceanography Course

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reed, D. L.

2003-12-01

All general education courses at the San Jose State University, including those in the sciences, must present a detailed assessment plan of student learning, prior to certification for offering. The assessment plan must state a clear methodology for acquiring data on student achievement of the learning outcomes for the specific course category, as well as demonstrate how students fulfill a strong writing requirement. For example, an online course in oceanography falls into the Area R category, the Earth and Environment, through which a student should be able to demonstrate an understanding of the methods and limits of scientific investigation; distinguish science from pseudo-science; and apply a scientific approach to answer questions about the Earth and environment. The desired learning outcomes are shared with students at the beginning of the course and subsequent assessments on achieving each outcome are embedded in the graded assignments, which include a critical thinking essay, mid-term exam, poster presentation in a symposium-style format, portfolio of web-based work, weekly discussions on an electronic bulletin board, and a take-home final exam, consisting of an original research grant proposal. The diverse nature of the graded assignments assures a comprehensive assessment of student learning from a variety of perspectives, such as quantitative, qualitative, and analytical. Formative assessment is also leveraged into learning opportunities, which students use to identify the acquisition of knowledge. For example, pre-tests are used to highlight preconceptions at the beginning of specific field studies and post-testing encourages students to present the results of small research projects. On a broader scale, the assessment results contradict common misperceptions of online and hybrid courses. Student demand for online courses is very high due to the self-paced nature of learning. Rates of enrollment attrition match those of classroom sections, if students

Experiences of ocean literacy with different users of operational oceanography services and with high school students

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Agostini, Paola; Coppini, Giovanni; Martinelli, Sara; Bonarelli, Roberto; Lecci, Rita; Pinardi, Nadia; Cretì, Sergio; Turrisi, Giuseppe; Ciliberti, Stefania Angela; Federico, Ivan; Mannarini, Gianandrea; Verri, Giorgia; Jansen, Eric; Lusito, Letizia; Macchia, Francesca; Montagna, Fabio; Buonocore, Mauro; Marra, Palmalisa; Tedesco, Luca; Cavallo, Arturo

2017-04-01

According to a common definition, ocean literacy is an understanding of the ocean's influence on people and people influence on the ocean. An ocean-literate person is able to make informed and responsible decisions regarding the ocean and its resources. To this aim, this paper presents operational oceanographic tools developed to meet the needs of different users, and activities performed in collaboration with high school students to support new developments of the same tools. Operational oceanography allows to deal with societal challenges such as maritime safety, coastal and marine environment management, climate change assessment and marine resources management. Oceanographic products from the European Copernicus Marine Monitoring Service - CMEMS are transformed and communicated to public and stakeholders through adding-value chains (downstreaming), which consider advanced visualization, usage of multi-channels technological platforms and specific models and algorithms. Sea Situational Awareness is strategically important for management and safety purposes of any marine domain and, in particular, the Mediterranean Sea and its coastal areas. Examples of applications for sea situational awareness and maritime safety are here presented, through user-friendly products available both by web and mobile channels (that already reach more than 100.000 users in the Mediterranean area). Further examples of ocean literacy are web bulletins used to communicate the technical contents and information related to oceanographic forecasts to a wide public. They are the result of a collaboration with high school students, with whom also other activities on improving products visualization and online communication have been performed.

Constructing Knowledge of Marine Sediments in Introductory Geology and Oceanography Courses Using DSDP, ODP, and IODP Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

St. John, K. E.; Leckie, R. M.; Jones, M. H.; Pound, K. S.; Pyle, E. J.

2008-12-01

Lithologic data from 40 DSDP, ODP, and IODP scientific ocean drilling cores from the Pacific and North Atlantic oceans are the basis for an inquiry-based classroom exercise module for college introductory geology and oceanography courses. Part 1 of this exercise module is designed as an initial inquiry aimed at drawing out student beliefs and prior knowledge. In Parts 2-3 students observe and describe the physical characteristics of sediment cores using digital core photos, and determine the sediment composition using smear slide data and a decision tree. In Part 4 students combine their individual site data to construct a map showing the distribution of the primary marine sediment types of the Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans, and develop hypotheses to explain the distribution of the sediment types shown on their map. The transportable skills of observation, forming questions, plotting data, interpreting data, and scientific synthesis are embedded in this module, benefitting non-majors as well as majors. The exercise module was tested in the 2008 School of Rock program and the 2008 Urbino Summer School for Paleoceanography, and is currently being tested in undergraduate courses at James Madison University, North Hennipen Community College, St. Cloud State University and University of Massachusetts, Amherst in classes that range in size from 16 students to >150 students. The student worksheets, instructor guide, and preliminary evaluation data will be presented.

Continental shelf processes affecting the oceanography of the South Atlantic Bight: Progress report, June 1, 1987 to May 31, 1988. [FLEX

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Atkinson, L.P.

This study of continental shelf processes affecting the oceanography of the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) is part of the interdisciplinary DOE-sponsored South Atlantic Bight Program. Our part of the program involves hydrographic and nutrient characteristics of the region. Current research efforts in the SAB Program are being focused on the inner shelf region where effects of bottom friction, local wind forcing, river and estuarine discharge, and tides, which are all small scale processes, are important. Our major accomplishment during the past year was the completion of the FLEX (Fall Experiment) field study. Since most of our data collection is computerized,more » preliminary hydrographic data analysis was done on board ship during the cruise and preliminary results are available. These results will be presented in this report. We are just beginning our standard data processing and data analysis procedures. We continued the processing and analysis of SPREX data collected during April 1985. Work has also continued on the older GABEX I and II data sets. 8 refs., 19 figs., 2 tabs.« less

Subseabed Disposal Project annual report, FY85 to termination of project: Physical Oceanography and Water Column Geochemistry Studies, October 1984 through May 1986

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kupferman, S.L.

This report covers the work of the Physical Oceanography and Water Column Geochemistry (POWCG) Studies Group of the Subseabed Disposal Project (SDP) from October 1984 to termination of the project in May 1986. The overview of the work includes an introduction, general descriptions of the activities, and a summary. Detailed discussions are included as appendices. During the period of this report the POWCG Studies Group held a meeting to develop a long-term research plan for the Nares Abyssal Plain, which was recently designated as a study area for the Environmental Study Group of the SDP. The POWCG Studies Group hasmore » also planned and participated in two interdisciplinary oceanographic missions to the Nares which have resulted in the acquisition of data and samples which can be used to begin to understand the workings of the ecosystem at the site, and for developing a preliminary site assessment. The papers in the appendices have been processed for inclusion in the Energy Data Base.« less

The challenges of coastal oceanography. Prediction limits and new applications based on Sentinel data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sánchez-Arcilla, Agustín; Carniel, Sandro; Badger, Merete; Bidlot, Jean; Boye Hansen, Lars; Bolaños-Sanchez, Rodolfo; Cipollini, Paolo; Espino, Manuel; Marcello Miglietta, Mario; Saulter, Andy; Staneva, Joanna

2017-04-01

The increasing quality and quantity (resolution in space, coverage in time, combinations of sensors in the Sentinel family) of information provided by Copernicus offer the possibility to analyse and predict coastal meteo-oceanography at an unprecedented level. This is a unique opportunity to develop the Copernicus coastal dimension to tackle the pressures of increasing population and activities. The combination of ocean/atmosphere/land observations from the Sentinel (S) 1/2/3, aligned with the availability of an increasing number of high-resolution numerical simulations (e.g. wave and current fields) in the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) catalogue, should allow users to access proven representations of the coastal environment at a new level of understanding (e.g. wave diffraction at coastal "obstacles"), coupling (e.g. incorporating the land discharge into the coastal sea) and reliability for applications (e.g. hazards for coastal navigation). By adding periodic bathymetric up-dating and incorporating new assimilation routines it will be possible to achieve a new level of analysis for coastal seas. In the paper we shall present the CEASELESS project that addresses the multiple scales coexisting in littoral areas by developing new shallow water parameterizations, introducing them into coupled model suites (wind-wave-surge-current-land discharge) and producing new standards for coastal simulations and analyses. This will demonstrate the technical feasibility of an operational coastal service. The set of derived products will be ingested into the users' work routines, proving the economic feasibility of such a coastal extension. The level of conflicts in squeezed coastal zones, expected to grow in the face of climate change, will, thus, benefit directly from CEASELESS, establishing tangible contributions for a wide range of economic sectors. The mutual validation of satellite data, numerical results and in-situ observations will generate

Evolution of a Western Arctic Ice Ocean Boundary Layer and Mixed Layer Across a Developing Thermodynamically Forced Marginal Ice Zone

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE...SCHOOL September 2016 Approved by: Timothy P. Stanton William J. Shaw Research Professor of Research Associate Professor Oceanography of... Oceanography Dissertation Committee Chair Timour Radko Andrew Roberts Associate Professor of Research Assistant Professor Oceanography of Oceanography

From Scientist to Educator: Oceanography in the Formal and Informal Classroom

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Richardson, A. H.; Jasnow, M.; Srinivasan, M. S.; Rosmorduc, V.; Blanc, F.

2002-12-01

the role of the ocean in sustaining life on Earth. Activities on the back of the poster can be used as supplemental material in a middle school Earth science curriculum, and are suitable for individual instruction and for classroom or group exercises. This poster will be published in both English and French. Educational research indicates that an inquiry-based method of student engagement is an appropriate and effective teaching tool. These posters offer a fun and instructive environment to promote student interest in Earth Science in general and particularly in oceanography.

Visualizing the Bay: Bringing a Research Experience into a High Enrollment Online Oceanography Course

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reed, D. L.; Anglin, J.

2005-12-01

General education courses at many universities are required to demonstrate specific student learning outcomes and methodologies of learning assessment that can be measure the success, or lack thereof, of meeting these outcomes. A primary learning outcome of the SJSU general education program is to have students apply a scientific approach to problems of the earth and environment. This requirement can be challenging in high enrollment classes offered at universities without the resources of graduate teaching assistantships. In order to meet this outcome through an active learning environment, we have redesigned a web-based oceanography course, primarily for non-science majors, that has students assume the role of shipboard scientists on a number of ocean-going virtual research experiences. One activity has students participate on a virtual research voyage based on a multi-beam sonar study of the central San Francisco Bay described in USGS Circular 1259 by Chin et al (2004). Students carry out the duties of virtual shipboard scientists, including pre- and post-cruise scientific meetings, sonar data acquisition, processing and visualization, and interpretation of the seafloor mapping data using a combination of scientific visualizations, animations, and audio and video segments. While on the voyage, students are required to: (1) determine the navigational hazards posed by three submerged rocks near the main shipping lane in the bay, (2) assess the long-term viability of a disposal site for mud dredged from the bay, and (3) generate a sediment characteristics map of the bay floor that can be used as a basis for future studies of contaminant transport. Upon completion of the voyage students are required to write an abstract describing their research for publication in the proceedings volume of a virtual scientific conference in the form of an essay question on the mid-term exam. Based on the work of over 200 students, this question has received the highest score of four

SWOT: A high-resolution wide-swath altimetry mission for oceanography and hydrology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morrow, Rosemary; Fu, Lee-Lueng; Rodriguez, Ernesto

2013-04-01

A new satellite mission called Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) has been developed jointly by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and France's Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales. Based on the success of nadir-looking altimetry missions in the past, SWOT will use the technique of radar interferometry to make wide-swath altimetric measurements of the elevation of surface water on land and the ocean's surface topography. The new measurements will provide information on the changing ocean currents that are key to the prediction of climate change, as well as the shifting fresh water resources resulting from climate change. Conventional satellite altimetry has revolutionized oceanography by providing nearly two decades' worth of global measurements of ocean surface topography. However, the noise level of radar altimeters limits the along-track spatial resolution to 50-100 km over the oceans. The large spacing between the satellite ground tracks limits the resolution of 2D gridded data to 200 km. Yet most of the kinetic energy of ocean circulation takes place at the scales unresolved by conventional altimetry. About 50% of the vertical transfer of heat and chemical properties of the ocean (e.g., dissolved CO2 and nutrients) is also accomplished by processes at these scales. SWOT observations will provide the critical new information at these scales for developing and testing ocean models that are designed for predicting future climate change. SWOT measurements will be in Ka band (~35 GHZ), chosen for the radar to achieve high precision with a much shorter inteferometry baseline of 10 m. Small look angles (~ 4 degrees) are required to minimize elevation errors, which limits the swath width to 120 km. An orbit with inclination of 78 degrees and 22 day repeat period was chosen for gapless coverage and good tidal aliasing properties. With this configuration, SWOT is expected to achieve 1 cm precision at 1 km x 1 km pixels over the ocean and 10 cm

Fisheries Oceanography in the Virgin Islands: Preliminary Results from a Collaborative Research Endeavor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, R. H.; Gerard, T. L.; Johns, E. M.; Lamkin, J. T.

2008-05-01

economically important species were recovered at the near-shore sites, south of St. Thomas, St. John, and British Virgin Islands and not on the reef /shelf-break sites as expected. Concurrent Lagrangian drifter trajectories and shipboard ADCP measurements showed a high degree of variability in regional surface water flow. Possible transport pathways as related to the spatial distribution of the larvae collected and the physical oceanography observed will be discussed.

Reading in Marine Science, A Partially Annotated Bibliography for Young Readers, Nonprofessionals, and Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Oceanography.

Included is a partially annotated bibliography of mostly non-technical books for non-professional readers, young readers, and teachers. There are about 300 entries grouped into these subjects: general references, historical and exploration, biological oceanography, chemical oceanography, geological oceanography, and physical oceanography. (PR)

Online teaching and learning in oceanography: A look back at 15 years of undergraduate general education (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reed, D.

2013-12-01

Online courses in higher education have garnered a growing presence in the popular media, yet misperceptions abound. Consequently, a retrospective examination of the evolution of an online oceanography class, first offered to undergraduates at the San Jose State University in the fall semester of 1998, may be especially relevant to the development of future efforts in this field. Since that initial offering, the development of the course, involving the creation of virtual field experiences whereby students take on the role of practicing research oceanographers, has been supported through several awards from the National Science Foundation, principally the Division of Undergraduate Education and the Geoscience Directorate. The online material, organized into expeditions, which focus on the nature of scientific discovery, has evolved over time from a static graphics and text-based format to include video, largely available through YouTube, and animations that take advantage of social media, all to highlight contemporary ocean research. To sustain the project beyond NSF funding, the course has been offered throughout the academic year, and in winter and summer special sessions, to more the 4000 students over the 15 year period since its initial offering. The materials have always been openly available through the course website (http://oceansjsu.com) to institutions throughout the world, long in advance of current MOOC movement. Just as the course format, and available content, have evolved, so have the students enrolled in the class, which now more closely mirror the university student body as a whole. Future efforts in course development should span multi-campus university systems to take advantage of the collective scientific expertise available and to leverage the effort across a larger number of courses and disciplines.

Computational physical oceanography -- A comprehensive approach based on generalized CFD/grid techniques for planetary scale simulations of oceanic flows. Final report, September 1, 1995--August 31, 1996

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Beddhu, M.; Jiang, M.Y.; Whitfield, D.L.

The original intention for this work was to impart the technology that was developed in the field of computational aeronautics to the field of computational physical oceanography. This technology transfer involved grid generation techniques and solution procedures to solve the governing equations over the grids thus generated. Specifically, boundary fitting non-orthogonal grids would be generated over a sphere taking into account the topography of the ocean floor and the topography of the continents. The solution methodology to be employed involved the application of an upwind, finite volume discretization procedure that uses higher order numerical fluxes at the cell faces tomore » discretize the governing equations and an implicit Newton relaxation technique to solve the discretized equations. This report summarizes the efforts put forth during the past three years to achieve these goals and indicates the future direction of this work as it is still an ongoing effort.« less

Development of 3D interactive visual objects using the Scripps Institution of Oceanography's Visualization Center

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kilb, D.; Reif, C.; Peach, C.; Keen, C. S.; Smith, B.; Mellors, R. J.

2003-12-01

Within the last year scientists and educators at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), the Birch Aquarium at Scripps and San Diego State University have collaborated with education specialists to develop 3D interactive graphic teaching modules for use in the classroom and in teacher workshops at the SIO Visualization center (http://siovizcenter.ucsd.edu). The unique aspect of the SIO Visualization center is that the center is designed around a 120 degree curved Panoram floor-to-ceiling screen (8'6" by 28'4") that immerses viewers in a virtual environment. The center is powered by an SGI 3400 Onyx computer that is more powerful, by an order of magnitude in both speed and memory, than typical base systems currently used for education and outreach presentations. This technology allows us to display multiple 3D data layers (e.g., seismicity, high resolution topography, seismic reflectivity, draped interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) images, etc.) simultaneously, render them in 3D stereo, and take a virtual flight through the data as dictated on the spot by the user. This system can also render snapshots, images and movies that are too big for other systems, and then export smaller size end-products to more commonly used computer systems. Since early 2002, we have explored various ways to provide informal education and outreach focusing on current research presented directly by the researchers doing the work. The Center currently provides a centerpiece for instruction on southern California seismology for K-12 students and teachers for various Scripps education endeavors. Future plans are in place to use the Visualization Center at Scripps for extended K-12 and college educational programs. In particular, we will be identifying K-12 curriculum needs, assisting with teacher education, developing assessments of our programs and products, producing web-accessible teaching modules and facilitating the development of appropriate teaching tools to be

Using Geophysical Data in the Texas High School Course, Geology, Meteorology, and Oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ellins, K.; Olson, H.; Pulliam, J.; Schott, M. J.

2002-12-01

Science educators working directly with scientists to develop inquiry-based instructional materials in Earth science yield some of the best results. The TEXTEAMS (Texas Teachers Empowered for Achievement in Mathematics and Science) Leadership Training for the Texas high school science course, Geology, Meteorology and Oceanography (GMO) is one example of a successful program that provides high-quality training to master teachers using geophysical data collected by scientists at The University of Texas Institute for Geophysics (UTIG). TEXTEAMS is a certification program of professional development and leadership training sponsored by the National Science Foundation that is part of the Texas Statewide Systemic Initiative. UTIG scientists teamed with science educators at the Charles A. Dana Center for Mathematics and Science Education at UT and the Texas Education Agency to develop inquiry-based instructional materials for eight GMO modules. Our learning activities help students and teachers understand how Earth scientists interpret the natural world and test their hypotheses, and provide opportunities for the use of technology in classroom science learning; they are aligned with national and state teaching standards. Examples of TEXTEAMS GMO learning activities that use geophysical data. 1. Neotectonics: radiocarbon dates and elevation above current sea level of raised coral reefs in the New Georgia Islands are used to calculate rates of tectonic uplift and as a basis for the development of a conceptual model to explain the pattern of uplift that emerges from the data. 2. Large Igneous Provinces:geophysical logging data collected on ODP Leg 183 (Kerguelen Plateau) are analyzed to identify the transition from sediment to basement rock. 3. The Search for Black Gold: petroleum exploration requires the integration of geology, geophysics, petrophysics and geochemistry. Knowledge gained in previous GMO modules is combined with fundamental knowledge about economics to

Data Analysis and Synthesis for the ONR Undersea Sand Dunes in the South China Sea Field Experiments

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-30

understanding of coastal oceanography by means of applying simple dynamical theories to high-quality observations obtained in the field. My primary...area of expertise is physical oceanography , but I also enjoy collaborating with biological, chemical, acoustical, and optical oceanographers to work... oceanography , and impact of the bottom configuration and physical oceanography on acoustic propagation. • The space and time scales of the dune

From Proposal Writing to Data Collection to Presentation: Physical Oceanography Laboratory Class Students Explore the Fundamentals of Science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buijsman, M. C.; Church, I.; Haydel, J.; Martin, K. M.; Shiller, A. M.; Wallace, D. J.; Blancher, J.; Foltz, A.; Griffis, A. M.; Kosciuch, T. J.; Kincketootle, A.; Pierce, E.; Young, V. A.

2016-02-01

To better prepare first-year Department of Marine Science MSc students of the University of Southern Mississippi for their science careers, we plan to execute a semester-long Physical Oceanography laboratory class that exposes the enrolled students to all aspects of interdisciplinary research: writing a proposal, planning a cruise, collecting and analyzing data, and presenting their results. Although some of these aspects may be taught in any such class, the incorporation of all these aspects makes this class unique.The fieldwork will be conducted by boat in the Rigolets in Louisiana, a 13-km long tidal strait up to 1 km wide connecting the Mississippi Sound with Lake Pontchartrain. The students have the opportunity to collect ADCP, CTD, multibeam sonar, sediment and water samples.A second novel characteristic of this class is that the instructor partnered with the Lake Pontchartrain Basin Foundation, a not for profit environmental advocacy group. The foundation will give an hour-long seminar on the natural history of the study area and its environmental problems. This information provides context for the students' research proposals and allows them to formulate research questions and hypotheses that connect their research objectives to societally relevant issues, such as coastal erosion, salt water intrusion, and water quality. The proposal writing and cruise planning is done in the first month of the 3.5-month long semester. In the second month two surveys are conducted. The remainder of the semester is spent on analysis and reporting. Whenever possible we teach Matlab for the students to use in their data analysis. In this presentation, we will report on the successes and difficulties associated with teaching such a multi-faceted class.

Honors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2012-02-01

James Yoder, vice president for academic programs and dean at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass., has been selected as a fellow of the Oceanography Society (TOS) “for his innovative and visionary application of satellite ocean color technologies to interdisciplinary oceanography and his extraordinary service to oceanography.” TOS also has three new councilors. Blanche Meeson of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., is TOS's education councilor; Janet Sprintall, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif., is TOS's councilor for physical biology; and Deborah Steinberg, Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences, Gloucester Point, is biological oceanography councilor.

Oceanography in Second Life: Use of a Virtual Reality to Enhance Undergraduate Education in Marine Science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Villareal, T. A.; Jarmon, L.; Triggs, R.

2009-12-01

Shipboard research is a fundamental part of oceanography, but has numerous legal and practical constraints virtually eliminate it as a regular part of large-enrollment programs in marine science. The cost of a properly equipped research vessel alone can prevent student access. While much can be learned by active exploration of archived data by students, the limitations placed on real oceanographic programs by distance, vessel speed, and time are difficult to reproduce in exercises. Pre-cruise planning and collaboration between investigators are likewise a challenge to incorporate. We have used design students in the College of Liberal Arts to construct a oceanographic expedition in Second Life for use in a marine science course (Fall 2009). Second Life is a highly collaborative environment with a variety of tools that allow users to create their own environment and interact with it. Second LIfe is free, highly portable, and inherently amenable to distance or remote teaching. In our application, the research vessel exists as an moving platform with sampling abilities. Software code queries an external MySQL database that contains information from the World Ocean Atlas for the entire ocean, and returns strings of data from standard depths. Students must plan the cruise track to test hypothesis about the ocean, collaborate with other teams to develop the big picture and use standard oceanographic software (Ocean Data Viewer; ODV) to analyze the data. Access to the entire database in ODV then allows comparison to the actual properties and distributions. The effectiveness of this approach is being evaluated by a pre- and post-class surveys and post semester focus group interviews. Similar surveys of the design students that created the environment noted that use of Second Life created a learning experience that was both more immersive and process oriented than traditional college courses. Initial impressions in the marine science class indicate that the strong social

Transition of R&D into Operations at Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clancy, R. M.

2006-12-01

The U.S. Navy's Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC) plays a significant role in the National capability for operational weather and ocean prediction through its operation of sophisticated global and regional meteorological and oceanographic models, extending from the top of the atmosphere to the bottom of the ocean. FNMOC uniquely satisfies the military's requirement for a global operational weather prediction capability based on software certified to DoD Information Assurance standards and operated in a secure classified computer environment protected from outside intrusion by DoD certified firewalls. FNMOC operates around-the-clock, 365 days per year and distributes products to military and civilian users around the world, both ashore and afloat, through a variety of means. FNMOC's customers include all branches of the Department of Defense, other government organizations such as the National Weather Service, private companies, a number of colleges and universities, and the general public. FNMOC employs three primary models, the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS), the Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS), and the WaveWatch III model (WW3), along with a number of specialized models and related applications. NOGAPS is a global weather model, driving nearly all other FNMOC models and applications in some fashion. COAMPS is a high- resolution regional model that has proved to be particularly valuable for forecasting weather and ocean conditions in highly complex coastal areas. WW3 is a state-of-the-art ocean wave model that is employed both globally and regionally in support of a wide variety of naval operations. Other models support and supplement the main models with predictions of ocean thermal structure, ocean currents, sea-ice characteristics, and other data. Fleet Numerical operates at the leading edge of science and technology, and benefits greatly from collocation with its supporting

The ESA SMOS+SOS Project: Oceanography using SMOS for innovative air-sea exchange studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Banks, Chris; Gommenginger, Christine; Boutin, Jacqueline; Reul, Nicolas; Martin, Matthew; Ash, Ellis; Reverdin, Gilles; Donlon, Craig

2013-04-01

We report on the work plan of the SMOS+Surface Ocean Salinity and Synergy (SMOS+SOS) project. SMOS+SOS is funded through the Support to Science Element (STSE) component of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Earth Observation Envelope Programme. The SMOS+SOS consortium consists of four organisations namely the National Oceanography Centre (UK), the LOCEAN/IFREMER/CATDS research team (France), the Met Office (UK) and Satellite Oceanographic Consultants Ltd (UK). The end of the SMOS+SOS project will be marked by a final open workshop most likely hosted by the UK Met Office in September/October 2014. The project is concerned with demonstrating the performance and scientific value of SMOS Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) products through a number of well-defined case studies. The case studies include: Amazon/Orinoco plumes (freshwater outflow); Agulhas and Gulf Stream (strong water mass boundary); Tropical Pacific/Atlantic (strong precipitation regime); sub-tropical North Atlantic (ie SPURS; strong evaporative regime); and Equatorial Pacific (equatorial upwelling). With SMOS measuring the SSS in the top cm of the ocean, validating SMOS against in situ salinity data taken typically at a few meters depth introduces assumptions about the vertical structure of salinity in the upper ocean. To address these issues, the project will examine and quantify discrepancies between SMOS and in situ surface salinity data at various depths in different regions characterised by strong precipitation or evaporation regimes. Equally, data editing and spatio-temporal averaging play a central role in determining the quality, errors and correlations in SMOS SSS data. The project will explore various processing and spatio-temporal averaging choices to define the SMOS SSS products that best address the needs of the oceanographic and data assimilation user community. One key aspect of this project is to determine how one can achieve useful accuracy/uncertainty in SSS without jeopardising SMOS's ability

Center of Microbial Oceanography Research and Education (C-MORE) Initiatives Toward Promoting Diversity in the Ocean Sciences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bruno, B. C.

2007-05-01

The ocean sciences suffer from a lack of diversity, particularly among indigenous peoples, despite the fact that indigenous peoples often have deep, cultural knowledge about the marine environment. Nowhere is this inequity more glaring than in Hawaii. Traditional knowledge in marine science enabled Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI) to become world leaders in transpacific canoe voyaging, aquaculture, and fisheries. Yet today, NHPI are severely underrepresented in the ocean sciences (and in STEM fields in general) at all levels of education and employment. When compared to other ethnic and racial groups in Hawaii, NHPI students as a group have among the poorest educational performance, indicated in part by underrepresentation in college enrolment and pre-college gifted and talented programs, as well as overrepresentation in eligibility for special education and free and reduced lunch programs. The Center of Microbial Oceanography Research and Education (C-MORE), a NSF-funded, multi-institutional Science and Technology Center based at the University of Hawai (UH), is determined to address this inequity. C- MORE is committed to increasing diversity in the ocean sciences, particularly among NHPI, at all levels of education and research. Our approach is to work with existing programs with a track record of increasing diversity among NHPI. We are currently developing culturally relevant materials including educational games for K-12 students, mentorships for high school and community college students, and laboratory and shipboard experiences for teachers and undergraduates in partnership with minority-serving organizations. Some of our main partners are EPSCoR (Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research), Ka `Imi `Ike (an NSF- funded program to recruit and retain NHPI undergraduates in geosciences), Upward Bound (an enrichment program for economically disadvantaged high school students which includes intensive summer courses), the UH Center on

Phylogeography and historical demography of the anadromous fish Leucopsarion petersii in relation to geological history and oceanography around the Japanese Archipelago.

PubMed

Kokita, Tomoyuki; Nohara, Kenji

2011-01-01

Phylogeographical patterns of marine and diadromous organisms are often influenced by dynamic ocean histories. For example, the marine realm around the Japanese Archipelago is an interesting area for phylogeographical research because of the wide variation in the environments driven by repeated shifts in sea level in the Quaternary. We analysed mitochondrial cyt b gene and nuclear myh6 gene sequences for individuals collected from throughout the range of the anadromous fish Leucopsarion petersii to assess the lineage divergence, phylogeographical pattern and historical demography in relation to geological history and oceanographic features around the archipelago. Leucopsarion petersii has two major lineages (the Japan Sea and Pacific Ocean lineages), which diverged during the late-early to middle Pleistocene. Geographical distributions of the two lineages were closely related to the pathways of the two warm currents, the Tsushima Current and the Kuroshio Current, that flow past the archipelago. Evidence of introgressive hybridization between these lineages was found at two secondary contact zones. Demographic tests suggested that the Japan Sea and Pacific Ocean lineages carried the genetic signal of different historical demographic processes, and these signals are probably associated with differences in habitat stability during recent glacial periods. The Japan Sea lineage has a larger body-size and more vertebrae, probably in relation to severe habitat conditions through Pleistocene climatic oscillations. Thus, the two lineages have long independent evolutionary histories, and the phylogeographical structure and demography of this species have been influenced both by historical events and the present-day oceanography around the Japanese Archipelago. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Extracting physical parameters from marine seismic data: New methods in seismic oceanography and velocity inversion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fortin, Will F. J.

The utility and meaning of a geophysical dataset is dependent on good interpretation informed by high-quality data, processing, and attribute examination via technical methodologies. Active source marine seismic reflection data contains a great deal of information in the location, phase, and amplitude of both pre- and post-stack seismic reflections. Using pre- and post-stack data, this work has extracted useful information from marine reflection seismic data in novel ways in both the oceanic water column and the sub-seafloor geology. In chapter 1 we develop a new method for estimating oceanic turbulence from a seismic image. This method is tested on synthetic seismic data to show the method's ability to accurately recover both distribution and levels of turbulent diffusivity. Then we apply the method to real data offshore Costa Rica where we observe lee waves. Our results find elevated diffusivities near the seafloor as well as above the lee waves five times greater than surrounding waters and 50 times greater than open ocean diffusivities. Chapter 2 investigates subsurface geology in the Cascadia Subduction Zone and outlines a workflow for using pre-stack waveform inversion to produce highly detailed velocity models and seismic images. Using a newly developed inversion code, we achieve better imaging results as compared to the product of a standard, user-intensive method for building a velocity model. Our results image the subduction interface ~30 km farther landward than previous work and better images faults and sedimentary structures above the oceanic plate as well as in the accretionary prism. The resultant velocity model is highly detailed, inverted every 6.25 m with ~20 m vertical resolution, and will be used to examine the role of fluids in the subduction system. These results help us to better understand the natural hazards risks associated with the Cascadia Subduction Zone. Chapter 3 returns to seismic oceanography and examines the dynamics of nonlinear

Geophysics, Oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Halpern, D.; Wentz, F.

1993-01-01

Development of decade-long time series of global surface wind measurements for studies ofseasonal-to-interannual climate variability presents unique challenges for space- borne instrumentationbecause of the necessity to combine data sets of 3- to 5-year lifetimes. Before the first Special SensorMicrowave Imager (SSMI), which was launched on the Defence Meteorological Satellite Program(DMSP) F8 spacecraft in July 1987, stopped recording wind speed in December 1991, another SSMIwas launched on DMSP F10 in December 1991. Interpretation of the 1987 - 1993 composite timeseries is dependent upon the space and time characteristics of the differences between concurrent F8and F10 SSMI measurements. This paper emphasizes large geographical regions and 1-month timescale. The F8-F10 area-weighted difference between 60 degrees S and 60 degrees S during 305 daysof 1991 (-0.12 m s^(-1)) was comparable to the year-to-year wind speed variations during 1988-1991. The 10 degree-zonal averaged monthly mean F8-F10 difference was negative (positive) forwind speeds less (greater) than 7.9 m s^(-1), reaching - 0.43(0.32) m s^(-1) at 5(10) m s^(-1). The10 degree-zonal averaged monthly mean F8-F10 bias had considerable variations throughout the yearand between 60 degrees S - 60 degrees N, with the largest temporal variation (1.4 m s^(-1)) in the 50degrees - 60 degrees N region from February to April. The 1991 average value of the monthly meanroot-mean-square (rms) difference between F8 and F10 daily wind speeds in 10 degree-longitudinalbands was 2.0 m s^(-1) over 60 degrees S - 60 degrees N, the amplitude of the annual cycle of therms difference was largest in the northern hemisphere middle latitudes, and the rms difference wasrelated to the wind speed (e.g., at 6 and 10 m s^(-1), the rms difference was 1.7 and 2.7 m s^(-1),respectively). The relationship between monthly mean 1/3 degrees x 1/3 degrees F8-F10 SSMI windspeed differences and integrated water vapor and liquid water content in the atmosphere is discussed.

Biological oceanography of the red oceanic system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Theil, Hjalmar; Weikert, Horst

1. In 1977, 1979 and 1980-81, investigations were carried out which aimed at evaluating the potential risks from mining metalliferous muds precipating in the Atlantis II Deep of the central Red Sea. This environmental research was initiated by the Saudi Sudanese Red Sea Joint Commission in order to avoid any danger for the Red Sea ecosystem. The broad environmental research programme coherent studies in physical, chemical, biological, and geological oceanography as well as toxicological investigations in the oceanic and in reef zones. We summarise the results from our biological fiels studies in the open sea. 2. The biological investigations were concentrated on the area of the Atlantis II Deep. Benthos was sampled between 700-2000m. For comparison a few samples were also taken further north in the central Red Sea, and to east and west along the flanking deep terraces (500-1000m). Plankton studies covered the total water column above the Deep, and were extended along the axial through to north and south. 3. Benthos sampling was carried out using a heavy closing trawl, a large box grab (box size 50 × 50 cm), Van Veen grabs and traps; photographic surveys were made a phototrap and a photosled. Community respiration was measured with a ship-board method using grab subsamples. Nutrient concentrations, seston and phytoplankton standing stocks as well as in situ primary production were determined from hydrocast samples. Data on zooplankton and micronekton composition and standing stock were obtained from samples collected using different multiple opening-and-closing nets equipped with 100 μm, 300 μm, and 1000 μm mesh sizes. Daily and ontogenetical vertical migration patterns were studied by comparisons of data from midday and midnight tows. 4. Throughout the whole area the sediment is a pteropod ooze containing low contentrations of organic matter; measured organic carbon and nitrogen contents were 0.5 and 0.05% respectively, and chloroplastic pigment equivalents

Toward Dynamic Ocean Management: Fisheries assessment and climate projections informed by community developed habitat models based on dynamic coastal oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kohut, J. T.; Manderson, J.; Palamara, L. J.; Saba, V. S.; Saba, G.; Hare, J. A.; Curchitser, E. N.; Moore, P.; Seibel, B.; DiDomenico, G.

2016-12-01

Through a multidisciplinary study group of experts in marine ecology, physical oceanography and stock assessment from the fishing industry, government and academia we developed a method to explicitly account for shifting habitat distributions in fish population assessments. We used data from field surveys throughout the Northwest Atlantic Ocean to develop a parametric thermal niche model for an important short-lived pelagic forage fish, Atlantic Butterfish. This niche model was coupled to a hindcast of daily bottom water temperature derived from a regional numerical ocean model in order to project daily thermal habitat suitability over the last 40 years. This ecological hindcast was used to estimate the proportion of thermal habitat suitability available on the U.S. Northeast Shelf that was sampled on fishery-independent surveys, accounting for the relative motions of thermal habitat and the trajectory of sampling on the survey. The method and habitat based estimates of availability was integrated into the catchability estimate used to scale population size in the butterfish stock assessment model accepted by the reviewers of the 59th NEFSC stock assessment review, as well as the mid-Atlantic Council's Scientific and Statistical Committee. The contribution of the availability estimate (along with an estimate of detectability) allowed for the development of fishery reference points, a change in stock status from unknown to known, and the establishment of a directed fishery with an allocation of 20,000 metric tons of quota. This presentation will describe how a community based workgroup utilized ocean observing technologies combined with ocean models to better understand the physical ocean that structures marine ecosystems. Using these approaches we will discuss opportunities to inform ecological hindcasts and climate projections with mechanistic models that link species-specific physiology to climate-based thermal scenarios.

Toward Dynamic Ocean Management: Fisheries assessment and climate projections informed by community developed habitat models based on dynamic coastal oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kohut, J. T.; Manderson, J.; Palamara, L. J.; Saba, V. S.; Saba, G.; Hare, J. A.; Curchitser, E. N.; Moore, P.; Seibel, B.; DiDomenico, G.

2016-02-01

Through a multidisciplinary study group of experts in marine ecology, physical oceanography and stock assessment from the fishing industry, government and academia we developed a method to explicitly account for shifting habitat distributions in fish population assessments. We used data from field surveys throughout the Northwest Atlantic Ocean to develop a parametric thermal niche model for an important short-lived pelagic forage fish, Atlantic Butterfish. This niche model was coupled to a hindcast of daily bottom water temperature derived from a regional numerical ocean model in order to project daily thermal habitat suitability over the last 40 years. This ecological hindcast was used to estimate the proportion of thermal habitat suitability available on the U.S. Northeast Shelf that was sampled on fishery-independent surveys, accounting for the relative motions of thermal habitat and the trajectory of sampling on the survey. The method and habitat based estimates of availability was integrated into the catchability estimate used to scale population size in the butterfish stock assessment model accepted by the reviewers of the 59th NEFSC stock assessment review, as well as the mid-Atlantic Council's Scientific and Statistical Committee. The contribution of the availability estimate (along with an estimate of detectability) allowed for the development of fishery reference points, a change in stock status from unknown to known, and the establishment of a directed fishery with an allocation of 20,000 metric tons of quota. This presentation will describe how a community based workgroup utilized ocean observing technologies combined with ocean models to better understand the physical ocean that structures marine ecosystems. Using these approaches we will discuss opportunities to inform ecological hindcasts and climate projections with mechanistic models that link species-specific physiology to climate-based thermal scenarios.

Discovery of Sound in the Sea 2014 Annual Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-30

Gail Scowcroft Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island Narragansett, RI 02882 phone: (401) 874-6724 fax: (401) 874-6486 email...past twelve years, Marine Acoustics, Inc. (MAI) and the University of Rhode Island’s Graduate School of Oceanography (GSO) have developed a...Peter Worcester (Scripps Institution of Oceanography), James H. Miller ( University of Rhode Island), and Darlene Ketten (Harvard University Medical

Quantifying Acoustic Uncertainty due to Marine Mammals and Fish Near the Shelfbreak Front off Cape Hatteras

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-10-19

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES NA 14. ABSTRACT See attached. 15. SUBJECTTERMS Ocean Acoustics, Fish Scatter, Acoustic Propagation, Oceanography 16...imaging fish schools and tracking vocalizing marine mam mals, and 3) understand the correlation between the detailed physica l oceanography and the...Cape Hatteras, N.C. to measure the acoustics, biology, and physica l oceanography of fish schools) and 2) finish publishing our results. APPROACH

78 FR 12676 - Timing Requirements for the Submission of a Site Assessment Plan (SAP) or General Activities Plan...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-25

...: Including: (1) Hazard information Meteorology, oceanography, sediment transport, geology, and shallow...: (1) Hazard information Meteorology, oceanography, sediment transport, geology, and shallow geological...

Extended Analysis of the PhilSea10 Data Set from the Western Tropical Pacific and Transitioning Results to the Operational Navy

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-30

term goal is to enhance our understanding of coastal oceanography by means of applying simple dynamical theories to high-quality observations...obtained in the field. My primary area of expertise is physical oceanography , but I also enjoy collaborating with biological, chemical, acoustical, and...for the operational models. The results can be understood by understanding the oceanography that sound is propagating through, and its variability

Atmospheric CO2 From Flask Air Samples at 10 Sites in the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) Air Sampling Network (1957 - 2001) (issued 2004)

DOE Data Explorer

Keeling, Charles D. [Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States). Scripps Inst. of Oceanography; Whorf, Timothy P. [Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States). Scripps Inst. of Oceanography; Blasing, T. J. [Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (USA); Jones, Sonja [Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (USA)

2004-09-01

The Carbon Dioxide Research Group, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, has provided this data set, which includes long-term measurements of near-surface atmospheric CO2 concentrations at 10 locations spanning latitudes 82°N to 90°S. Most of the data are based on replicated (collected at the same time and place) flask samples taken at intervals of approximately one week to one month and subsequently subjected to infrared analysis. Periods of record begin in various years, ranging from 1957 (for the South Pole station) to 1985 (for Alert, Canada), and all flask data records except for Christmas Island and Baring Head, New Zealand extend through year 2001. Christmas Island data end with August, 2001 and Baring Head data end with October 2001. Weekly averages of continuous data from Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, are available back to March 1958. Similar weekly averages are also available for La Jolla, California, from November 1972 to October 1975, and for the South Pole from June 1960 to October 1963. These long-term records of atmospheric CO2 concentration complement the continuous records made by SIO, and also complement the long term flask records of the Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. All these data are useful for characterizing seasonal and geographical variations in atmospheric CO2 over several years, and for assessing results of global carbon models.

Modeling & Simulation Education for the Acquisition and T&E Workforce: FY07 Deliverable Package

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-12-01

oceanography, meteorology, and near- earth space science) to represent how systems interact with and are influenced by their environment. E12.1 E12.2 E12.3 E12.4...fundamentals of terrestrial science (geology, oceanography, meteorology, and near- earth space science) to represent how systems interact with and...description: Describe the fundamentals of terrestrial science (geology, oceanography, meteorology, and near- earth space science) to represent how systems

78 FR 53285 - Seagoing Barges

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-29

... exclusively in instruction in oceanography or limnology, or both, or exclusively in oceanographic research.... 441 an oceanographic research vessel ``. . . being employed exclusively in instruction in oceanography...

John Murray / MABAHISS expedition versus the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) in retrospect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aleem, A. A.; Morcos, S. A.

In addition to its scientific achievements, the John Murray/Mabahiss Expedition was a unique experiment in technology transfer and it pioneered bilateral relations in the field of oceanography, at a time when the Law of the Sea was not even an embryonic concept. The Expedition will be remembered for its profound influence on the development of oceanography in Egypt, and subsequently in several Arab and African countries, as well as for its socio-economic impact in Egypt. The International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) was an elaborate exercise involving both the most sophisticated developments in oceanography of the day and the full complexity of international relations which necessitated the scientific, coordinating and supporting mechanisms of SCOR, IOC and Unesco combined. Each exercise separated by 25 years represented a significant event in the development of oceanography. Each was a natural product of the prevailing state of the art and the international climate. Oceanography had made a quantum jump in technology in the intervening quarter of a century, which had put the cost of deep sea oceanography quite beyond the financial capabilities of many developing countries, an important factor to bear in mind when comparing the impact of the John Murray/Mabahiss Expedition on Egypt with that of the IIOE, on the Indian Ocean countries.

Early Student Support for Process Studies of Surface Freshwater Dispersal

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-24

Hole Oceanographic Institution REPORT NUMBER Department of Physical Oceanography - MS #29 FINAL Woods Hole, MA 02543 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY...s proJect supports .e researc m p ysrcal oceanography of a Ph.D. student m the MIT/WHO! Jomt Program. The prOJect beoefited from, and... oceanography and has presented his work at meetings and conferences. He is working on manuscripts for publication and expects to complete his Ph.D. in 20 18

Moored Observations of Internal Waves in Luzon Strait: 3-D Structure, Dissipation, and Evolution

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-01

Strait: 3-D Structure, Dissipation, and Evolution Matthew H. Alford Scripps Institution of Oceanography 9500 Gilman Drive, mail code 0213 La...during IWISE. This work is done in collaboration with Craig Lee (APL/UW), and Dan Rudnick and Shaun Johnston at Scripps Institution of Oceanography ...Y.J. Yang, M.-H. Chang, and Q. Li. 2011. From Luzon Strait to Dongsha Plateau: Stages in the life of an internal wave. Oceanography 24(4):64–77

The Chemical Oceanographer.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abel, Robert B.

1983-01-01

Discusses career opportunities in oceanography for chemists. These include opportunities related to food, physical oceanography, mining, drugs, and other areas. Educational background needed and degree program are considered. (JN)

32 CFR 770.31 - List of major naval installations in the State of Hawaii and cognizant commanders authorized to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 96860. (2) Naval Western Oceanography Center, Pearl Harbor. Contact: Commanding Officer, Naval Western Oceanography Center, Box 113, Pearl Harbor, HI 96860. (3) Naval Air Station, Barbers Point. Contact: Commanding...

32 CFR 770.31 - List of major naval installations in the State of Hawaii and cognizant commanders authorized to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 96860. (2) Naval Western Oceanography Center, Pearl Harbor. Contact: Commanding Officer, Naval Western Oceanography Center, Box 113, Pearl Harbor, HI 96860. (3) Naval Air Station, Barbers Point. Contact: Commanding...

32 CFR 770.31 - List of major naval installations in the State of Hawaii and cognizant commanders authorized to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 96860. (2) Naval Western Oceanography Center, Pearl Harbor. Contact: Commanding Officer, Naval Western Oceanography Center, Box 113, Pearl Harbor, HI 96860. (3) Naval Air Station, Barbers Point. Contact: Commanding...

32 CFR 770.31 - List of major naval installations in the State of Hawaii and cognizant commanders authorized to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 96860. (2) Naval Western Oceanography Center, Pearl Harbor. Contact: Commanding Officer, Naval Western Oceanography Center, Box 113, Pearl Harbor, HI 96860. (3) Naval Air Station, Barbers Point. Contact: Commanding...

32 CFR 770.31 - List of major naval installations in the State of Hawaii and cognizant commanders authorized to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 96860. (2) Naval Western Oceanography Center, Pearl Harbor. Contact: Commanding Officer, Naval Western Oceanography Center, Box 113, Pearl Harbor, HI 96860. (3) Naval Air Station, Barbers Point. Contact: Commanding...

Barely Afloat, or Please Pass the Plankton

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hemenway, Leone

1974-01-01

Although oceanography is included in most elementary school curricula, there are few easily read oceanography books for the school library. An annotated list of 70 recommended titles is included. (PF)

NOAC Yokosuka

Science.gov Websites

Naval Oceanography Antisubmarine Warfare Center Fleet Activities Yokosuka The NOAC Yokosuka Portal has moved to Naval Oceanography Portal - Public Facing(NOP-PF) Please update your bookmarks. You will

Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center support for GODAE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dimitriou, D.; Sharfstein, P.; Ignaszewski, M.; Clancy, M.

2003-04-01

The U.S. Navy's Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC; see http://www.fnmoc.navy.mil/), located in Monterey, CA, is the lead activity within the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) for numerical weather prediction and coupled air-sea modeling. FNMOC fulfills this role through means of a suite of sophisticated global and regional meteorological and oceanographic (METOC) models, extending from the top of the atmosphere to the bottom of the ocean, which is supported by one of the world's most complete real-time METOC databases. Fleet Numerical operates around-the-clock, 365 days per year and distributes METOC products to military and civilian users around the world, both ashore and afloat, through a variety of means, including a rapidly growing and innovative use of Web technology. FNMOC's customers include all branches of the Department of Defense (DoD), other government organizations such as the National Weather Service, private companies such as the Weather Channel, a number of colleges and universities, and the general public. FNMOC acquires and processes over 6 million METOC observations per day—creating one of the world's most comprehensive real-time databases of meteorological and oceanographic observations for assimilation into its models. FNMOC employs three primary models, the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS), the Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS), and the WaveWatch III model (WW3), along with a number of specialized models and related applications. NOGAPS is a global weather model, driving nearly all other FNMOC models and applications in some fashion. COAMPS is a high-resolution regional model that has proved to be particularly valuable for forecasting weather and ocean conditions in highly complex coastal areas. WW3 is a state-of-the-art ocean wave model that is employed both globally and regionally in support of a wide variety of naval operations. Specialized models support and

Amery Ice Shelf

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2013-04-16

... funded by NASA and undertaken by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the Australian Antarctic Division. The Multi-angle Imaging ... Laboratory), and Helen A. Fricker (Scripps Institution of Oceanography). Other formats available at JPL Oct 6, ...

An Assessment of Student Learning in an Online Oceanography Course: Five Years After Implementation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reed, D. L.

2002-12-01

The results of assessing student learning in an online oceanography class offered over the past five years are compiled to reveal several general trends. In order to understand the context of these trends, it is important to first note that SJSU has a two-tiered general education program consisting of a category of core courses for frosh and sophomores and an advanced category for juniors and seniors, most of whom are community college transfers. The course described in this study is in the latter category and therefore composed largely of seniors. Enrollments in the course have exploded from 6 students in a pilot section offered during the 1998 fall semester to over 170 students in the summer semester of 2002. The course is now offered in both semesters of the academic year with four sections offered during 2002 summer session as part of a system-wide conversion to year-round operation. No other course, be it classroom, hybrid or online, in the general education category has experienced the level of student demand as this online course. All sections of the online course reach enrollment limits in the first days of registration with an equal or greater number of students turned away each semester. More female, students of color, returning students and K-12 in-service teachers enroll in the online sections than in the equivalent classroom sections of the course. Students enroll in the online section for the convenience of self-paced learning since attending a classroom section is not a viable option. Enrollments in concurrent classroom sections have not been negatively impacted by the addition of online sections. Enrollment attrition is higher in the first few days of the online course, but similar to that experienced in the classroom sections, once the class is underway. However, student requests for incompletes tend to be somewhat higher in the online course, especially during the summer offerings. Learning outcomes are reviewed at the beginning of the course and

Oceanic Transport

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chase, R.; Mcgoldrick, L.

1984-01-01

The importance of large-scale ocean movements to the moderation of Global Temperature is discussed. The observational requirements of physical oceanography are discussed. Satellite-based oceanographic observing systems are seen as central to oceanography in 1990's.

Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

accessible and usable, working in accordance with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG v1.0). If navigation device enabling you to get around this web site using your keyboard. Available access keys This develop a web site that is clear and simple for everybody to use. Validation We have used XHTML 1.0 and

Comparative Magma Oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, J. H.

1999-01-01

The question of whether the Earth ever passed through a magma ocean stage is of considerable interest. Geochemical evidence strongly suggests that the Moon had a magma ocean and the evidence is mounting that the same was true for Mars. Analyses of martian (SNC) meteorites have yielded insights into the differentiation history of Mars, and consequently, it is interesting to compare that planet to the Earth. Three primary features of Mars contrast strongly to those of the Earth: (i) the extremely ancient ages of the martian core, mantle, and crust (about 4.55 b.y.); (ii) the highly depleted nature of the martian mantle; and (iii) the extreme ranges of Nd isotopic compositions that arise within the crust and depleted mantle. The easiest way to explain the ages and diverse isotopic compositions of martian basalts is to postulate that Mars had an early magma ocean. Cumulates of this magma ocean were later remelted to form the SNC meteorite suite and some of these melts assimilated crustal materials enriched in incompatible elements. The REE pattern of the crust assimilated by these SNC magmas was LREE enriched. If this pattern is typical of the crust as a whole, the martian crust is probably similar in composition to melts generated by small degrees of partial melting (about 5%) of a primitive source. Higher degrees of partial melting would cause the crustal LREE pattern to be essentially flat. In the context of a magma ocean model, where large degrees of partial melting presumably prevailed, the crust would have to be dominated by late-stage, LREE-enriched residual liquids. Regardless of the exact physical setting, Nd and W isotopic evidence indicates that martian geochemical reservoirs must have formed early and that they have not been efficiently remixed since. The important point is that in both the Moon and Mars we see evidence of a magma ocean phase and that we recognize it as such. Several lines of theoretical inference point to an early Earth that was also hot and, perhaps, mostly molten. The Giant Impact hypothesis for the origin of the Moon offers a tremendous input of thermal energy and the same could be true for core formation. And current solar system models favor the formation of a limited number of large (about 1000 km) planetesimals that, upon accreting to Earth, would cause great heating, being lesser versions of the Giant Impact. Several lines of geochemical evidence do not favor this hot early Earth scenario. (i) Terrestrial man-tle xenoliths are sometimes nearly chondritic in their major element compositions, suggesting that these rocks have never been much molten. Large degrees of partial melting probably promote differentiation rather than homogenization. (ii) Unlike the case of Mars, the continental crust probably did not form as a highly fractionated residual liquid from a magma ocean (about 99% crystallization), but, rather, formed in multiple steps. [The simplest model for the formation of continental crust is complicated: (a) about 10% melting of a primitive mantle, making basalt; (b) hydrothermal alteration of that basalt, converting it to greenstone; and (c) 10% partial melting of that greenstone, producing tonalite.] This model is reinforced by the recent observation from old (about 4.1 b.y.) zircons that the early crust formed from an undepleted mantle having a chondritic Lu/Hf ratio. (iii) If the mantle were once differentiated by a magma ocean, the mantle xenolith suite requires that it subsequently be homogenized. The Os isotopic compositions of fertile spinel lherzolites place constraints on the timing of that homogenization. The Os isotopic composition of spinel lherzolites approaches that of chondrites and correlates with elements such as Lu and Al. As Lu and Al concentrations approach those of the primitive mantle, Os isotopic compositions approach chondritic. The Re and Os in these xenoliths were probably added as a late veneer. Thus, the mantle that received the late veneer must have been nearly chondritic in terms of its major elements (excluding Fe). If the mantle that the veneer was mixed into was not al-ready homogenized, then Os isotopes should not correlate with incompatible elements such as Al. Consequently, either early differentiation of the mantle did not occur or the homogenization of this differentiation must have occurred before the late veneer was added. The timing of the late veneer is itself uncertain but presumably postdated core formation at about 4.45 b.y. and did not postdate the 3.8-3.9 b.y. late bombardment of the Moon. This timing based on siderophile elements is consistent with the Hf isotopic evidence cited above. If the Earth, Moon and Mars had magma oceans, the Earth subsequently rehomogenized whereas the Moon and Mars did not. The simplest solution to this observation is that homogenization of igneous differentiates was never necessary on Earth, either because the hypothetical magma ocean never occurred or because this event did not produce mantle differentiation.

Comparative Magma Oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, John H.

1999-01-01

The question of whether the Earth ever passed through a magma ocean stop is of considerable interest. Geochemical evidence strongly suggests that the Moon had a magma ocean and the evidence is mounting that the same was true for Mars. Analyses of mar (SNC) meteorites have yielded insights into the differentiation history of Mars, and consequently, it is interesting to compare that planet to the Earth. Three primary features of An contrast strongly to those of the Earth: (1) the extremely ancient ages of the martian core, mantle, and crust (approx. 4.55 b.y.); (2) the highly depleted nature of the martian mantle; and (3) the extreme ranges of Nd isotopic compositions that arise within the crust and depleted mantle.

Oceanography from space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stewart, R. H.

1982-01-01

Active and passive spaceborne instruments that can observe the sea are discussed. Attention is given to satellite observations of ocean surface temperature and heating, wind speed and direction, ocean currents, wave height, ocean color, and sea ice. Specific measurements now being made from space are described, the accuracy of various instruments is considered, and problems associated with the analysis of satellite data are examined. It is concluded that the satellites and techniques used by different nations should be sufficiently standard that data from one satellite can be directly compared with data from another and that accurate calibration and overlap of satellite data are necessary to confirm the continuity and homogeneity of the data.

Oceanography from satellites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, W. S.

1981-01-01

It is pointed out that oceanographers have benefited from the space program mainly through the increased efficiency it has brought to ship operations. For example, the Transit navigation system has enabled oceanographers to compile detailed maps of sea-floor properties and to more accurately locate moored subsurface instrumentation. General descriptions are given of instruments used in satellite observations (altimeter, color scanner, infrared radiometer, microwave radiometer, scatterometer, synthetic aperture radar). It is pointed out that because of the large volume of data that satellite instruments generate, the development of algorithms for converting the data into a form expressed in geophysical units has become especially important.

Capturing Excitement: Oceanography

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boyer, Robert E.; Butts, David P.

1971-01-01

Describes four elementary school earth science activities. Each student experience is designed to help children answer questions about the ocean floor, continental drift, volcanism and mountain chains. Includes a bibliography of related articles, books, and maps. (JM)

Miocene deepwater oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woodruff, Fay; Savin, Samuel M.

1989-02-01

A global synthesis of Miocene benthic foraminiferal carbon and oxygen isotopic and faunal abundance data indicates that Miocene thermohaline circulation evolved through three regimes corresponding approximately to early, middle, and late Miocene times. There is evidence for major qualitative differences between the circulation of the modern ocean and the Miocene ocean prior to 11 Ma. The 13C/12C ratios of the benthic foraminifera Cibicidoides are interpreted in terms of water mass aging, i.e., the progressive depletion of dissolved O2 and lowering of δ13C values as the result of oxidation of organic matter as water flows further from its sources at the surface of the oceans. Both isotopic and faunal data indicate that the early Miocene regime, from 22 to 15 Ma, was the most different from today's. During that interval intermediate and deep waters of both the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans aged in a northward direction, and the intermediate waters of the Indian, the South Atlantic and the South Pacific oceans were consistently the youngest in the global ocean. We speculate that early Miocene global thermohaline circulation may have been strongly influenced by the influx of warm saline water, Tethyan Indian Saline Water, from the Tethys into the northern Indian Ocean. The isotopic and faunal data suggest that flow from the Tethyan region into the Indian Ocean diminished or terminated at about 14 Ma. Isotopic and faunal data give no evidence for North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation prior to about 14.5 Ma (with the exception of a brief episode in the early Miocene). From 14.5 to 11 Ma NADW formation was weak, and circumpolar and Antarctic water flooded the deep South Atlantic and South Pacific as the Antarctic ice cap grew. From about 10 Ma to the end of the Miocene, thermohaline circulation resembled the modern circulation in many ways. In latest Miocene time (6 to 5 Ma) circulation patterns were very similar to today's except that NADW formation was greatly diminished. The distribution pattern of siliceous oozes in Miocene sediments is consistent with our proposed reconstruction of thermohaline circulation. Major changes which occurred in circulation during the middle Miocene were probably related to the closing of the Tethys and may have contributed to rapid middle Miocene growth of the Antarctic ice cap. Appendices 1, 4, 6, and 7 are available withentire article on microfiche. Order fromAmerican Geophysical Union, 2000 FloridaAvenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009.Document 88P-002; $5.00. Payment mustaccompany order.

Arctic Physical Oceanography.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-07-01

series of fluActuations. a 1 ate velocity was recorded -’ith bot "h fixed and rofig current meter systems . Current v eters eaere rigidly attached to 750-r...with the U.S. Navy Transit satellite navigation system two per hour. II _20. 00 " 00 Ice slotion - 5i 850 FRAM-I drill frock 0F 1500 Monned floe o...kilometers of such survey line was flown. system . In addition 200 km of continuous aeromagnetic lines Both sea ice and water were sampled for later were

The role of sedimentology, oceanography, and alteration on the δ56Fe value of the Sokoman Iron Formation, Labrador Trough, Canada

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raye, Urmidola; Pufahl, Peir K.; Kyser, T. Kurtis; Ricard, Estelle; Hiatt, Eric E.

2015-09-01

The Sokoman Formation is a ca. 100-m-thick succession of interbedded iron formation and fine-grained siliciclastics deposited at 1.88 Ga. Accumulation occurred on a dynamic paleoshelf where oxygen stratification, coastal upwelling of hydrothermally derived Fe and Si, microbial processes, tide and storm currents, diagenesis, and low-grade prehnite-pumpellyite metamorphism controlled lithofacies character and produced complex associations of multigenerational chert, hematite, magnetite, greenalite, stilpnomelane and Fe carbonate. Hematite-rich facies were deposited along suboxic segments of the coastline where photosynthetic oxygen oases impinged on the seafloor. Hematitic, cross-stratified grainstones were formed by winnowing and reworking of freshly precipitated Fe-(oxyhydr)oxide and opal-A by waves and currents into subaqueous dunes. Magnetite-rich facies contain varying proportions of greenalite and stilpnomelane and record deposition in anoxic middle shelf environments beneath an oxygen chemocline. Minor negative Ce anomalies in hematitic facies, but prominent positive Ce and Eu anomalies and high LREE/HREE ratios in magnetite-rich facies imply the existence of a weakly oxygenated surface ocean above anoxic bottom waters. The Fe isotopic composition of 31 whole rock (-0.46 ⩽ δ56Fe ⩽ 0.47‰) and 21 magnetite samples (-0.29 ⩽ δ56Fe ⩽ 0.22‰) from suboxic and anoxic lithofacies was controlled primarily by the physical oceanography of the paleoshelf. Despite low-grade metamorphism recorded by the δ18O values of paragenetically related quartz and magnetite, the Sokoman Formation preserves a robust primary Fe isotopic signal. Coastal upwelling is interpreted to have affected the isotopic equilibria between Fe2+aq and Fe-(oxyhydr)oxide in open marine versus coastal environments, which controlled the Fe isotopic composition of lithofacies. Unlike previous work that focuses on microbial and abiotic fractionation processes with little regard for

Designing and Implementing Service Learning Projects in an Introductory Oceanography Course Using the ``8-Block Model''

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Laine, E. P.; Field, C.

2010-12-01

The Campus Compact for New Hampshire (Gordon, 2003) introduced a practical model for designing service-learning exercises or components for new or existing courses. They divided the design and implementation process into eight concrete areas, the “8-Block Model”. Their goal was to demystify the design process of service learning courses by breaking it down into interconnected components. These components include: project design, community partner relations, the problem statement, building community in the classroom, building student capacity, project management, assessment of learning, and reflection and connections. The project design component of the “8-Block Model” asks that the service performed be consistent with the learning goals of the course. For science courses students carry out their work as a way of learning science and the process of science, not solely for the sake of service. Their work supports the goals of a community partner and the community partner poses research problems for the class in a letter on their letterhead. Linking student work to important problems in the community effectively engages students and encourages them to work at more sophisticated levels than usually seen in introductory science classes. Using team-building techniques, the classroom becomes a safe, secure learning environment that encourages sharing and experimentation. Targeted lectures, labs, and demonstrations build the capacity of students to do their research. Behind the scenes project management ensures student success. Learning is assessed using a variety of tools, including graded classroom presentations, poster sessions, and presentations and reports to community partners. Finally, students reflect upon their work and make connections between their research and its importance to the well being of the community. Over the past 10 years, we have used this approach to design and continually modify an introductory oceanography course for majors and non

Synthesis of Moored Observations Collected During the IWISE 2011 Field Program in the South China Sea

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-30

understanding of coastal oceanography by means of applying simple dynamical theories to high-quality observations obtained in the field. My primary...area of expertise is physical oceanography , but I also enjoy collaborating with biological, chemical, acoustical, and optical oceanographers to work

Inverse Problems in Hydrologic Radiative Transfer

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-09-30

Light scattering by nonspherical particles: application to coccoliths detached from Emiliania huxleyi, Limnology and Oceanography, 46, 1438⎯1454...coccoliths detached from Emiliania huxleyi, Limnology and Oceanography, 46, 1438⎯1454. G.C. Boynton and H.R. Gordon, 2002, An irradiance inversion

AGOR 28: SIO Shipyard Representative Bi-Weekly Progress Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-12

Prepared by: Paul D. Bueren Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) 297 Rosecrans St. San Diego, CA 98106 Date: 12 December 2015 Program Officer...ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO),,297 Rosecrans St.,,San Diego,,CA, 98106 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

Use of the Research Vessel Savannah in Support of 2015 ONR S and T Demo, Project ID: 104458

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-07-26

Approved for Public Release; distribution is Unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT The Skidaway Institute of Oceanography provided the RV...Skidaway Institute of Oceanography of the University of Georgia was approached and agreed to supply the Research Vessel Savannah to support work funded by

A Field Study of an Iris Identification System

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-01

conducted a field trial of a commercial iris identification scanner at the US Navy Fleet Numerical Meterology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC) in...identification scanner at the US Navy Fleet Numerical Meterology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC) in Mon- terey, CA. Scans were performed by US military guards

Education in Marine Science and Technology--Historical and Current Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abel, Robert B.

This review of marine science and technology education and related issues was presented to the American Association for the Advancement of Science, December 27, 1967. Areas reviewed include manpower supply and demand, oceanography education history, oceanography and the social sciences, training of technicians, the ocean engineer, education for…

Coupled Research in Ocean Acoustics and Signal Processing for the Next Generation of Underwater Acoustic Communication Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-08-05

the analysis of data collected during the VHF acoustics test con- ducted in a wave tank at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in October 2015...Institution of Oceanography , the co-PI on these exper- iments, undertook the design and fabrication of a new mounting mechanism to eliminate this mounting

The Oceans and You.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Society for Oceanography, Washington, DC.

This Oceanographic Information Kit consists of seven booklets which discuss career opportunities and related information in oceanography as follows: a general overview of the nature of oceanography and the study necessary in preparing for a career in this field; oceanographic employment opportunities possible with the federal government described…

Teachers Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Linsky, Ronald B.; Schnitger, Ronald L.

This guide provides teachers with copies of the materials given to students participating in the oceanography program of the Orange County Floating Laboratory Program and provides information concerning colleges and universities offering courses in oceanography and marine science, source of films, and sources of publications concerning the Navy's…

Marine and Environmental Studies Field Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cranston School Dept., RI.

This laboratory manual was developed for a field-oriented high school oceanology program. The organization of the units includes a selection of supplementary activities to allow students to explore ocean studies in more depth. Included are 19 units. The units include biological oceanography, physical oceanography, and some social science topics. A…

Autonomous Observations of the Upper Ocean Stratification and Velocity Field about the Seasonally-Retreating Marginal Ice Zone

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-30

of Oceanography . Also, ITP-V investigators have collaborated with aNa a! Postgraduate School 3 student (Gallaher) whose dissertation is based on...under Arctic sea-ice. Journal of Physical Oceanography , doi: http://dx.doi.org/l 0.1175/JPO-D-12-0191.1 Cole, S.T. , F.T. Thwaites, R.A. Krishfield

C-MORE Science Kits as a Classroom Learning Tool

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foley, J. M.; Bruno, B. C.; Tolman, R. T.; Kagami, R. S.; Hsia, M. H.; Mayer, B.; Inazu, J. K.

2013-01-01

To support teachers in enhancing ocean literacy, the Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE) has developed a series of portable, hands-on science kits on selected topics in oceanography. This paper provides an overview of kit content, describes how the kits were developed, and evaluates their efficacy as a curriculum…

Marine Science Syllabus for Secondary Schools. Report of an IOC Workshop on the Preparation of a Marine Science Syllabus for Secondary Schools. Unesco Reports in Marine Science, 5.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France). Div. of Marine Sciences.

Presented is a syllabus for introducing oceanography and the marine environment into the secondary school curricula of all IOC Member States, whether developed or developing. The main purpose of the syllabus is to promote an understanding of oceanography and the marine environment. The syllabus is action- and output-oriented, as well as…

Oceanographic satellite remote sensing: Registration, rectification, and data integration requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nichols, D. A.

1982-01-01

The problem of data integration in oceanography is discussed. Recommendations are made for technique development and evaluation, understanding requirements, and packaging techniques for speed, efficiency and ease of use. The primary satellite sensors of interest to oceanography are summarized. It is concluded that imaging type sensors make image processing an important tool for oceanographic studies.

Autonomous Observations of the Upper Ocean Stratification and Velocity Field about the Seasonality Retreating Marginal Ice Zone

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-30

graduate school at the Scripps institution of Oceanography . Also, ITP-Y investigators have collaborated with a Naval Postgraduate School 3 student...Physical Oceanography , doi: http://dx.doi.org/10. l J 75/JPO-D-1 2-0 19 l. l Cole, S.T., F.T. Thwaites, R.A. Kri shfield, and J.M. Toole, 2015

Some Thoughts on Free Textbooks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stewart, Robert

2009-01-01

The author publishes and freely distributes three online textbooks. "Introduction to Physical Oceanography" is available as a typeset book in Portable Document Format (PDF) or as web pages. "Our Ocean Planet: Oceanography in the 21st Century" and "Environmental Science in the 21st Century" are both available as web pages. All three books, which…

CMEMS (Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service) In Situ Thematic Assembly Centre: A service for operational Oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manzano Muñoz, Fernando; Pouliquen, Sylvie; Petit de la Villeon, Loic; Carval, Thierry; Loubrieu, Thomas; Wedhe, Henning; Sjur Ringheim, Lid; Hammarklint, Thomas; Tamm, Susanne; De Alfonso, Marta; Perivoliotis, Leonidas; Chalkiopoulos, Antonis; Marinova, Veselka; Tintore, Joaquin; Troupin, Charles

2016-04-01

Copernicus, previously known as GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security), is the European Programme for the establishment of a European capacity for Earth Observation and Monitoring. Copernicus aims to provide a sustainable service for Ocean Monitoring and Forecasting validated and commissioned by users. From May 2015, the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) is working on an operational mode through a contract with services engagement (result is regular data provision). Within CMEMS, the In Situ Thematic Assembly Centre (INSTAC) distributed service integrates in situ data from different sources for operational oceanography needs. CMEMS INSTAC is collecting and carrying out quality control in a homogeneous manner on data from providers outside Copernicus (national and international networks), to fit the needs of internal and external users. CMEMS INSTAC has been organized in 7 regional Dissemination Units (DUs) to rely on the EuroGOOS ROOSes. Each DU aggregates data and metadata provided by a series of Production Units (PUs) acting as an interface for providers. Homogeneity and standardization are key features to ensure coherent and efficient service. All DUs provide data in the OceanSITES NetCDF format 1.2 (based on NetCDF 3.6), which is CF compliant, relies on SeaDataNet vocabularies and is able to handle profile and time-series measurements. All the products, both near real-time (NRT) and multi-year (REP), are available online for every CMEMS registered user through an FTP service. On top of the FTP service, INSTAC products are available through Oceanotron, an open-source data server dedicated to marine observations dissemination. It provides services such as aggregation on spatio-temporal coordinates and observed parameters, and subsetting on observed parameters and metadata. The accuracy of the data is checked on various levels. Quality control procedures are applied for the validity of the data and correctness tests for the

Advances in satellite oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, O. B.; Cheney, R. E.

1983-01-01

Technical advances and recent applications of active and passive satellite remote sensing techniques to the study of oceanic processes are summarized. The general themes include infrared and visible radiometry, active and passive microwave sensors, and buoy location systems. The surface parameters of sea surface temperature, windstream, sea state, altimetry, color, and ice are treated as applicable under each of the general methods.

Satellite oceanography - The instruments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stewart, R. H.

1981-01-01

It is pointed out that no instrument is sensitive to only one oceanographic variable; rather, each responds to a combination of atmospheric and oceanic phenomena. This complicates data interpretation and usually requires that a number of observations, each sensitive to somewhat different phenomena, be combined to provide unambiguous information. The distinction between active and passive instruments is described. A block diagram illustrating the steps necessary to convert data from satellite instruments into oceanographic information is included, as is a diagram illustrating the operation of a radio-frequency radiometer. Attention is also given to the satellites that carry the various oceanographic instruments.

Methods of satellite oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stewart, R. H.

1985-01-01

The theoretical basis for remote sensing measurements of climate and ocean dynamics is examined. Consideration is given to: the absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the atmosphere; scattering in the atmosphere; and satellite observations using visible light. Consideration is also given to: the theory of radio scatter from the sea; scatter of centimeter waves from the sea; and the theory of operation of synthetic aperture radars. Additional topics include: the coordinate systems of satellite orbits for oceanographic remote sensing applications; the operating features of the major U.S. satellite systems for viewing the ocean; and satellite altimetry.

Statistics and Physical Oceanography

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-01

1987; Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 1988; NRC, 1990a; see also Goel et al., 1990; Gnanadesikan , 1990; Hoadley and Kettenring, 1990), together...1621. Fukumori, I. J. Benveniste, C. Wunsch, and D. B. HaidvogeL 1993. Assimilation of sea surface 57 Gnanadesikan , R. 1990. Looking ahead: Cross

Atlantic Oceanography. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-08-01

studies under aerobic and anaerobic conditions will be quantified (Ailor, 1971 ; Uhlig, 1971 ). Later studies will include the effect of pollutants on...an emphasis on deep sea bound- ary layer research. The round trip is $600 plus 4 days’ expenses. Literature Cited Ailor, W. H. 1971 . Handbook on...Measurement with radioactive tracer. Limnol. Oceanogr. (in press). Uhlig, H. H. 1971 . Corrosion and Corrosion Control. John Wiley & Sons, New York Wirsen

REMOTE SENSING IN OCEANOGRAPHY.

DTIC Science & Technology

remote sensing from satellites. Sensing of oceanographic variables from aircraft began with the photographing of waves and ice. Since then remote measurement of sea surface temperatures and wave heights have become routine. Sensors tested for oceanographic applications include multi-band color cameras, radar scatterometers, infrared spectrometers and scanners, passive microwave radiometers, and radar imagers. Remote sensing has found its greatest application in providing rapid coverage of large oceanographic areas for synoptic and analysis and

Compilation of Abstracts of Theses Submitted by Candidates for Degrees

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-09-30

MONITORING OF CIVILIAN TRAINING RECORDS Sharon Elizabeth Slominski Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy B.A., Radford College, 1975 Ivon Ralph Young...mechanical ice removal. Master of Science in Advisor: R.H. Bourke Meteorology and Oceanography Department of December 1987 Oceanography 494 THE EFFECTS OF...588, 592, 599, 600 Bonsper, D.E.----------------------------------- 383 Bourke , R.H.------------------------------------ 493-4 Bradley, G.H

The United States Navy Arctic Roadmap for 2014 to 2030

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-02-01

of the Oceanographer of the Navy; the Chief of Naval Research; Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command; Commander, Office of Naval...Q3, FY14 Q3, FY15 FY15-18 FY18 2.3.4: Improve traditional meteorological forecast capability in the polar regions through the...CNE Commander Naval Forces Europe CNIC Commander Navy Installations Command CNMOC Commander Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command CNO Chief

Teaching marine science to the next generation: Innovative programs for 6th”8th Graders gain momentum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tebbens, S. F.; Coble, P. G.; Greely, T.

Three educational outreach programs designed for middle school students (grades 6, 7, and 8) by faculty at the University of South Florida (USF) Department of Marine Science are turning kids onto science. The programs are bringing marine science research and its various technologies into the classroom, where students follow up with hands-on activities. Project Oceanography (PO) is an interactive broadcast that exposes students to the concepts and tools of current marine science research. The Oceanography Camp for Girls (OCG) boosts girls' curiosity and interest in science and nature. And teachers become better equipped to present current marine science topics and technology to their students at the Teachers Oceanography Workshop (TOW). All of the programs created by USF are provided at no cost to students or their institutions.

Ocean studies board has new chairman

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Katsouros, Mary Hope

John Sclater of the University of Texas at Austin has succeeded Walter Munk as chairman of the National Research Council's Ocean Studies Board. His term runs to June 30, 1991. The 17 members of OSB represent major disciplines in oceanography. The board advises the academic community and agencies of the federal government responsible for funding basic and applied research in oceanography and for maintaining the wellbeing of the oceans.

Techniques for integrating the animations, multimedia, and interactive features of NASA’s climate change website, Climate Change: NASA’s Eyes on the Earth, into the classroom to advance climate literacy and encourage interest in STEM disciplines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tenenbaum, L. F.; Jackson, R.; Greene, M.

2009-12-01

I developed a variety of educational content for the "Climate Change: NASA’s Eyes on the Earth" website, notably an interactive feature for the "Key Indicators: Ice Mass Loss" link that includes photo pair images of glaciers around the world, changes in Arctic sea ice extent videos, Greenland glacial calving time lapse videos, and Antarctic ice shelf break up animations, plus news pieces and a Sea Level Quiz. I integrated these resources and other recent NASA and JPL climate and oceanography data and information into climate change components of Oceanography Lab exercises, Oceanography lectures and Introduction to Environmental Technology courses. I observed that using these Internet interactive features in the classroom greatly improved student participation, topic comprehension, scientific curiosity and interest in Earth and climate science across diverse student populations. Arctic Sea Ice Extent Summer 2007 Credit: NASA

AGU Fellow Roger Revelle Dies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

DeVito, M. Catherine

AGU Fellow Roger R.D. Revelle, past Oceanography section president and recipient of the William Bowie Medal, died July 15. Revelle was a pioneer in global warming research and plate tectonics, and a major contributor to oceanography, education, and public policy.Appointed an AGU Fellow in 1936, Revelle was president of the Oceanography section from 1953-1956. In 1968 he was awarded the Bowie Medal, AGU's highest honor. Revelle extended his activities beyond the limits of his specialty to actively work with scientists in other fields for the betterment of science. In presenting the award, George E. Backus described Revelle's career as one of bold and selfless service to science and his fellow man. “If scientific progress is built on the shoulders of giants, Roger Revelle is certainly to be counted among the giants.”

USSR and Eastern Europe Scientific Abstracts, Geophysics, Astronomy and Space, Number 427.

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-08-15

Friction in Tropical Circulation 6 III. OCEANOGRAPHY.. 7 News ’ "Akademik Kurchatov" Participates in " Polimode " Experiment... 7 Notes on...OCEANOGRAPHY News "AKADEMIK KURCHATOV" PARTICIPATES IN " POLIMODE " EXPERIMENT Moscow IZVESTIYA in Russian 28 Jul 78 p 3 [Article by V. Vukovich : "To...where it will participate in the final stage of the joint Soviet-American hydrophysical " POLIMODE " experiment. [5] [516] NOTES ON OPERATIONS OF

SUPPORT FOR THE CONFERENCE ''WOCE & BEYOND'' TO BE HELD NOVEMBER 2002

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nowlin, Worth, D., Jr., Distinguished Professor, Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University

OAK B188 We are proud to report that the WOCE and Beyond meeting was a tremendous success, garnering praise for its content and execution from federal agency representatives, international sponsors, the speakers, and the audience. The conference attracted 379 registered participants (total attendance was 401) from 22 countries; 319 posters were presented; and 30 oral presentations by distinguished researchers touched on all aspects of WOCE science.Particularly gratifying to the organizers was the active participation of 43 students from around the world. In addition to helping underwrite infrastructure costs related to the poster sessions, DOE's grant supported the travel and subsistencemore » of 12 students and funded the awards for outstanding student posters (31 student posters were judged for three prizes of $500 each). Thus a strategic goal of the meeting-entraining young scientists into the WOCE research stream-was achieved with the help of DOE funding.Post-conference, the meeting' s website (http://www.woce2002.tamu.edu) was revamped to link to the plenary session presentations and poster abstracts. This website will be maintained until June of 2003. A copy of the meeting document, combining the program and poster abstracts will be sent to Dr. Anna Palmisano, DOE Scientific Officer.Recipients of travel support were: Mr Marcelo Barreiro, Texas A&M University Ms Elena Brambilla, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Ms Shuimin Chen, University of Hawaii Ms Meyre da Silva, Texas A&M University Ms Elizabeth Douglass, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Mr Shane Elipot, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Mr Joong-Tae Kim, Texas A&M University Mr Yueng-Djern Lenn, Scripps Institution of Oceanography's Nadja Lonnroth, Texas A&M University Mr Alvaro Montenegro, Florida State University Ms Sarah Zedler, Scripps Institution of Oceanography's Li Zhang, Texas A&M University Recipients of $500 Prizes for Outstanding Student Posters: Mr Geoffrey Gebbie, Massachusetts

EPOCA-95 cruise report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

King, S.E.; Carroll, J.; Johnson, D.R.

1996-02-13

The EPOCA 95 expedition (Environmental Pollution and Oceanography in Arctic Seas) collected data and samples in the Kara Sea in order to assess the impact of anthropogenic pollution, both radioactive and chemical on one of the marginal Arctic seas and to study the oceanography of the Kara Sea in order to better understand circulation and transport pathways of potential pollutants. This expedition included measurements near dump sites for the fueled reactors dumped by the former Soviet Union.

Scripps museum receives NSF grant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scripps Institution of Oceanography has been awarded a $500,000 grant from the National Science Foundation for a 37,000-square-foot museum exhibition on ocean sciences entitled “Exploring the Blue Planet.” The exhibition will be installed in the Scripps Hall of Oceanography of the new Stephen Birch Aquarium-Museum. The facility is under construction at the University of California, San Diego, and is scheduled to open in fall 1992.NSF is providing approximately half of the funds required for “Exploring the Blue Planet,” which is designed to help visitors explore the many fields of oceanography. “This NSF grant will fund interactive exhibits and changing displays featuring the latest Scripps research that will allow children and adults to experience science as an approachable, creative process that can be used to understand the changing world,” said Luther Williams, NSF Assistant Director for Education and Human Resources.

The Effective and Evolving Role of Graduate Students in the SURFO REU Program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pockalny, R. A.

2005-12-01

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships in Oceanography (SURFO) program is a 10-week research/educational program designed to expose 9 undergraduates per year to cutting-edge, authentic oceanographic research at the Graduate School of Oceanography/University of Rhode Island. The SURFO program primarily focuses on the more quantitative aspects of oceanography (e.g., physical oceanography, geophysical fluid dynamics and marine geophysics), which closely parallel the strengths of GSO/URI. Thus, the primary undergraduate population targeted by the program includes students from various disciplines, but with strong backgrounds in math, physics, computer science, and engineering. Over its 20-year existence, the SURFO program has continuously evolved; however, three basics goals of the program have been maintained: 1) expose students to the breadth and depth of oceanography, 2) provide students with an authentic research experience, and 3) integrate/assimilate students into the lifestyle and community of a graduate research institution. An integral component for achieving these goals has been the inclusion of graduate students as workshop leaders/instructors, research mentors, and social directors. In these roles the graduate students act as a 'big brother/sister' to transition the undergraduates into the academic and research community. The graduate students also initially behave as liaisons between the senior researcher and the SURFO participant by fielding questions and concerns the undergraduate may be too intimidated to voice. As the summer progresses, the graduate students typically evolve into a lead research advisor and begin to learn effective techniques for advising students. Responses from SURFO participants on exit questionnaires frequently comment on how their experience and research project were directly affected by the extent of graduate student participation during the summer. Anecdotal evidence also indicates the participating graduate students gain

Navy Sea Ice Prediction Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-01-01

for the IABP drifting buoys (red), the model (green), and the model with assimilation (black). 55 Oceanography • Vol. 15 • No. 1/2002 trate the need...SPECIAL ISSUE – NAVY OPERATIONAL MODELS : TEN YEARS LATER Oceanography • Vol. 15 • No. 1/2002 44 ice extent and/or ice thickness. A general trend...most often based on a combination of models and data. Modeling sea ice can be a difficult problem, as it exists in many different forms (Figure 1). It

Remote sensing in biological oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Esaias, W. E.

1981-01-01

The main attribute of remote sensing is seen as its ability to measure distributions over large areas on a synoptic basis and to repeat this coverage at required time periods. The way in which the Coastal Zone Color Scanner, by showing the distribution of chlorophyll a, can locate areas productive in both phytoplankton and fishes is described. Lidar techniques are discussed, and it is pointed out that lidar will increase the depth range for observations.

TOPEX watershed coming in oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cleven, G. C.; Neilson, R. A.; Yamarone, C. A., Jr.

1983-01-01

The NASA Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX) will use precision radar altimetry to determine topographic features of the global oceans from which currents may be deduced. TOPEX will coincide with the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), which will be conducted at the end of this decade and shall involve ships, fixed and drifting buoys, aircraft observations, and satellite remote sensing, to resolve fundamental questions about the flow of water in the global ocean. TOPEX will contribute to WOCE the measurement of satellite height above the sea surface, and the precise radial position above a reference ellipsoid for the earth. The combination of these two measurements with the marine geoid yields the topographic data sought. Three years of topographic data, together with conventional oceanographic data and theoretical ocean models, will be needed to derive the mean and variable components of ocean circulation.

Comparative oceanography of coastal lagoons

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kjerfve, Bjorn

1986-01-01

The hypothesis that physical lagoon characteristics and variability depend on the channel connecting the lagoon to the adjacent coastal ocean is evaluated. The geographical, hydrological, and oceanographic characteristics of 10 lagoon systems are described and analyzed; these oceanographic features are utilized to classify the lagoon systems. Choked lagoons (Laguna Joyuda, Coorong, Lake St.Lucia, Gippsland Lakes, Lake Songkla/Thale Luang/Thale Noi, and Lagoa dos Patos) are prevalent on coasts with high wave energy and low tidal range; restricted lagoons (Lake Pontchartrain and Laguna de Terminos) are located on low/medium wave energy coasts with a low tidal range; and leaky lagoons (Mississippi Sound and Belize Lagoon/Chetumal Bay) are connected to the ocean by wide tidal passes that transmit oceanic effects into the lagoon with a minimum of resistance. The data support the hypothesis that the nature of the connecting channel controls system functions.

Microprocessor-based interface for oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hansen, G. R.

1979-01-01

Ocean floor imaging system incorporates five identical microprocessor-based interface units each assigned to specific sonar instrument to simplify system. Central control module based on same microprocessor eliminates need for custom tailoring hardware interfaces for each instrument.

Oceanography for the Visually Impaired

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fraser, Kate

2008-01-01

Amy Bower is a physical oceanographer and senior scientist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts--she has also been legally blind for 14 years. Through her partnership with the Perkins School for the Blind in Watertown, Massachusetts, the oldest K-12 school for the visually impaired in the United States,…

Commercial applications of satellite oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Montgomery, D. R.

1981-01-01

It is shown that in the next decade the oceans' commercial users will require an operational oceanographic satellite system or systems capable of maximizing real-time coverage over all ocean areas. Seasat studies suggest that three spacecraft are required to achieve this. Here, the sensor suite would measure surface winds, wave heights (and spectral energy distribution), ice characteristics, sea-surface temperature, ocean colorimetry, height of the geoid, salinity, and subsurface thermal structure. The importance of oceanographic data being distributed to commercial users within two hours of observation time is stressed. Also emphasized is the importance of creating a responsive oceanographic satellite data archive. An estimate of the potential dollar benefits of such an operational oceanographic satellite system is given.

Library Collections - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

are here: Home › USNO › James M. Gilliss Library › Library Collections USNO Logo USNO Navigation of the James M. Gilliss library include: recently cataloged books, electronic journals, publications

About Us - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

USNO's Telescopes A Brief History Frequently Asked Questions The James M. Gilliss Library Info About Us Questions The James M. Gilliss Library CONTACTBANNER.gif AA_Logo_Border.jpg U.S. Naval Observatory 3450

Collaborative Oceanography and Virtual Experiments

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-30

Observing Laboratory ( EOL ), but also contains an internal architecture which will allow it to evolve into a collaborative communication tool...an additional 50,988 "common" products were generated (241 plot types), along with 47,600 overlays (101 plot types). From 52 non- EOL sources...24,471 products were collected, and from 1486 EOL data collections, 643,263 "federated" products were indexed and made available through itop.org

Questions about Careers in Oceanography.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Aubrey L.

Knowing the relationship of the ocean to man, the weather and climate, availability of resources from the ocean, use of the ocean in transporation, waste disposal, and defense, and developing an understanding of the impact on the oceans of human activity are all goals of oceanographers. The goal of this brochure is to provide concise informative…

Physical Oceanography Program Science Abstracts.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-04-01

8217- % unit will be deployed from R/V Endeavor in a rapid sampling mode. It will be suspended along with an inverted echo sounder and video camera, below a...va r 4 1 i ty 0 Cal .5St i recK Jutc . Ph.2 .Ocemnonr. 15, i(15󈧝 Pedo ~k J ., N’. Sthand 3. Luytr-n, 1. t odynarics a -. of Thai o&?-anic surfce

Library History - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

are here: Home › USNO › James M. Gilliss Library › Library History USNO Logo USNO Navigation , Artwork, Objects Library History Library Dedication The Story Behind the Seal Additional Resources Info Library History lib15b.jpg There is a lot of history in the Library; over the years it has served as not

Physical Oceanography Program Science Abstracts.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-04-01

substantial part of the database used by the U.S. Navy and the U.S. National Weather Service to generate, in real-time, subsurface tempera- ture maps...quality, 1ST database which incorporates GTS bathymessagss and on-sbip recordings from the Pacific for the period 1979 through 1983. Access to these data...Investigator: Stanley M. FlattE Frank S. Henyey INTERNAL-WAVE NONLINEAR INTERACTIONS BY THE EIKONAL METHOD We have been involved in the study of

National Weather Service, Emergency Medical Services, Scripps Institution of Oceanography/UCSD and California EPA Collaboration on Heat Health Impact and Public Notification for San Diego County

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tardy, A. O.; Corcus, I.; Guirguis, K.

2015-12-01

The National Weather Service (NWS) has issued official heat alerts in the form of either a heat advisory or excessive heat warning product to the public and core partners for many years. This information has traditionally been developed through the use of triggers for heat indices which combine humidity and temperature. The criteria typically used numeric thresholds and did not consider impact from a particular heat episode, nor did it factor seasonality or population acclimation. In 2013, the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego in collaboration with the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, of the California Environmental Protection Agency and the NWS completed a study of heat health impact in California, while the NWS San Diego office began modifying their criteria towards departure from climatological normal with much less dependence on humidity or heat index. The NWS changes were based on initial findings from the California Department of Public Health, EpiCenter California Injury Data Online system which documents heat health impacts. Results from the UCSD study were finalized and published in 2014; they supported the need for significant modification of the traditional criteria. In order to better understand the impacts of heat on community health, medical outcome data were provided by the County of San Diego Emergency Medical Services Branch, which is charged by the County's Public Health Officer to monitor heat-related illness and injury daily from June through September. The data were combined with UCSD research to inform the modification of local NWS heat criteria and establish trigger points to pilot new procedures for the issuance of heat alerts. Finally, practices and procedures were customized for each of the county health departments in the NWS area of responsibility across extreme southwest California counties in collaboration with their Office of Emergency Services. The end result of the

Ocean images in music compositions and folksongs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, C. M.

2017-12-01

In general, ocean study usually ranges from physical oceanography, chemical oceanography, marine biology, marine geology, and other related fields. In addition to pure scientific fields, ocean phenomenon influence not only human mood but also the shaping of local cultures. In this paper, we present some ocean images and concepts appeared in music compositions and folksongs to show the mixing, influence and interaction between them. This may give a novel way not for science teachers but also music teachers to deliver the knowledge of ocean science in classes.

Climatology of the oceanography in the northern South China Sea Shelf-sea (NoSoCS) and adjacent waters: Observations from satellite remote sensing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pan, X.; Wong, G. T.; Tai, J.; Ho, T.

2013-12-01

By using the observations from multiple satellite sensors, the climatology of the oceanography, including the surface wind vector, sea surface temperature (SST), surface chlorophyll a concentration (Chl_a), and vertically integrated net primary production (PPeu), in the northern South China Sea Shelf-sea (NoSoCS) and adjacent waters is evaluated. Regional and sub-regional mechanisms in driving the coastal processes, which influence the spatial and temporal distributional patterns in water component, are assessed. Seasonal vertical convective mixing by wind and surface heating/cooling is the primary force in driving the annual changes in SST and Chl_a in the open South China Sea (SCS), in which highly negative correlation coefficients between Chl_a and SST and moderately positive correlation coefficients between Chl_a and wind speed are found. Together, the seasonal variations in SST and wind speed account for about 80% of the seasonal variation in Chl_a. In the NoSoCS as a whole, however, the contribution is reduced to about 40%, primarily due to the effect of the Pearl River plume. A tongue of water extending eastward from the mouth of the River into the middle shelf with positive correlation coefficients between Chl_a and SST and around zero or slightly negative correlation coefficients between Chl_a and wind is the most striking feature in the NoSoCS. The westward and eastward propagations of the Pearl River plume are both very small during the northeast monsoonal season, driven primarily by the Coriolis effect. The abrupt increase in the areal coverage of the River plume, which is much more pronounced in the eastward propagation, between June and August can be attributed to the prevailing southwest monsoon as well as the annual peak of the river flow. Coastal upwelling is another sub-regional phenomenon in the NoSoCS. The upwelling at the shelf edge off the Taiwan Bank may be characterized by its elevated Chl_a. Its areal coverage and average Chl_a do not vary

Highlights of the 2014 Ocean Sciences Meeting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharp, Jonathan; Briscoe, Melbourne; Itsweire, Eric

2014-07-01

The 2014 Ocean Sciences Meeting was the 17th biennial gathering since the inception of ocean sciences meetings in 1982. A joint venture of the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO), The Oceanography Society (TOS), and the Ocean Sciences section of AGU, the meeting was by far the largest ever: More than 5600 attendees made this meeting more than 30% larger than any previous one. Forty percent of attendees live outside the United States, hailing from 55 countries, showing the importance of this meeting as an international gathering of ocean scientists.

C-MORE Science Kits: Putting Technology in the Hands of K-12 Teachers and Students

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Achilles, K.; Weersing, K.; Daniels, C.; Puniwai, N.; Matsuzaki, J.; Bruno, B. C.

2008-12-01

The Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE) is a NSF Science and Technology Center based at the University of Hawaii. The C-MORE education and outreach program offers a variety of resources and professional development opportunities for science educators, including online resources, participation in oceanography research cruises, teacher-training workshops, mini-grants to incorporate microbial oceanography-related content and activities into their classroom and, most recently, C- MORE science kits. C-MORE science kits provide hands-on classroom, field, and laboratory activities related to microbial oceanography for K-12 students. Each kit comes with complete materials and instructions, and is available free of charge to Hawaii's public school teachers. Several kits are available nationwide. C-MORE science kits cover a range of topics and technologies and are targeted at various grade levels. Here is a sampling of some available kits: 1) Marine Murder Mystery: The Case of the Missing Zooxanthellae. Students learn about the effect of climate change and other environmental threats on coral reef destruction through a murder-mystery experience. Participants also learn how to use DNA to identify a suspect. Grades levels: 3-8. 2) Statistical sampling. Students learn basic statistics through an exercise in random sampling, with applications to microbial oceanography. The laptops provided with this kit enable students to enter, analyze, and graph their data using EXCEL. Grades levels: 6-12. 3) Chlorophyll Lab. A research-quality fluorometer is used to measure the chlorophyll content in marine and freshwater systems. This enables students to compare biomass concentrations in samples collected from various locations. Grades levels: 9-12. 4) Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD). Students predict how certain variables (e.g., temperature, pressure, chlorophyll, oxygen) vary with depth. A CTD, attached to a laptop computer, is deployed into deep water

Numerical Modeling of Ocean Circulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miller, Robert N.

2007-01-01

The modelling of ocean circulation is important not only for its own sake, but also in terms of the prediction of weather patterns and the effects of climate change. This book introduces the basic computational techniques necessary for all models of the ocean and atmosphere, and the conditions they must satisfy. It describes the workings of ocean models, the problems that must be solved in their construction, and how to evaluate computational results. Major emphasis is placed on examining ocean models critically, and determining what they do well and what they do poorly. Numerical analysis is introduced as needed, and exercises are included to illustrate major points. Developed from notes for a course taught in physical oceanography at the College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences at Oregon State University, this book is ideal for graduate students of oceanography, geophysics, climatology and atmospheric science, and researchers in oceanography and atmospheric science. Features examples and critical examination of ocean modelling and results Demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches Includes exercises to illustrate major points and supplement mathematical and physical details

Lindstrom Receives 2013 Ocean Sciences Award: Citation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gordon, Arnold L.; Lagerloef, Gary S. E.

2014-09-01

Eric J. Lindstrom's record over the last 3 decades exemplifies both leadership and service to the ocean science community. Advancement of ocean science not only depends on innovative research but is enabled by support of government agencies. As NASA program scientist for physical oceanography for the last 15 years, Eric combined his proven scientific knowledge and skilled leadership abilities with understanding the inner workings of our government bureaucracy, for the betterment of all. He is a four-time NASA headquarters medalist for his achievements in developing a unified physical oceanography program that is well integrated with those of other federal agencies.

78 FR 38358 - Call for Nominations: North Slope Science Initiative, Science Technical Advisory Panel, Alaska

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-26

... disciplines: North Slope traditional and local knowledge, landscape ecology, petroleum engineering, civil engineering, geology, sociology, cultural anthropology, economics, ornithology, oceanography, fisheries...

78 FR 55754 - Second Call for Nominations: North Slope Science Initiative, Science Technical Advisory Panel

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-11

... disciplines: North Slope traditional and local knowledge, landscape ecology, petroleum engineering, civil engineering, geology, sociology, cultural anthropology, economics, ornithology, oceanography, fisheries...

Data management in Oceanography at SOCIB

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Joaquin, Tintoré; March, David; Lora, Sebastian; Sebastian, Kristian; Frontera, Biel; Gómara, Sonia; Pau Beltran, Joan

2014-05-01

SOCIB, the Balearic Islands Coastal Ocean Observing and Forecasting System (http://www.socib.es), is a Marine Research Infrastructure, a multiplatform distributed and integrated system, a facility of facilities that extends from the nearshore to the open sea and provides free, open and quality control data. SOCIB is a facility o facilities and has three major infrastructure components: (1) a distributed multiplatform observing system, (2) a numerical forecasting system, and (3) a data management and visualization system. We present the spatial data infrastructure and applications developed at SOCIB. One of the major goals of the SOCIB Data Centre is to provide users with a system to locate and download the data of interest (near real-time and delayed mode) and to visualize and manage the information. Following SOCIB principles, data need to be (1) discoverable and accessible, (2) freely available, and (3) interoperable and standardized. In consequence, SOCIB Data Centre Facility is implementing a general data management system to guarantee international standards, quality assurance and interoperability. The combination of different sources and types of information requires appropriate methods to ingest, catalogue, display, and distribute this information. SOCIB Data Centre is responsible for directing the different stages of data management, ranging from data acquisition to its distribution and visualization through web applications. The system implemented relies on open source solutions. In other words, the data life cycle relies in the following stages: • Acquisition: The data managed by SOCIB mostly come from its own observation platforms, numerical models or information generated from the activities in the SIAS Division. • Processing: Applications developed at SOCIB to deal with all collected platform data performing data calibration, derivation, quality control and standardization. • Archival: Storage in netCDF and spatial databases. • Distribution: Data web services using Thredds, Geoserver and RESTful own services. • Catalogue: Metadata is provided through the ncISO plugin in Thredds and Geonetwork. • Visualization: web and mobile applications to present SOCIB data to different user profiles. SOCIB data services and applications have been developed to provide response to science and society needs (eg. European initiatives such as Emodnet or Copernicus), by targeting different user profiles (eg. researchers, technicians, policy and decision makers, educators, students, and society in general). For example, SOCIB has developed applications to: 1) allow researchers and technicians to access oceanographic information; 2) provide decision support for oil spills response; 3) disseminate information about the coastal state for tourists and recreational users; 4) present coastal research in educational programs; and 5) offer easy and fast access to marine information through mobile devices. In conclusion, the organizational and conceptual structure of SOCIB's Data Centre and the components developed provide an example of marine information systems within the framework of new ocean observatories and/or marine research infrastructures.

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Security & Privacy Policy - Naval Oceanography Portal

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Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benada, J. Robert

1997-01-01

This new TOPEX/POSEIDON product provides the full mission data set in a new format with many data quality improvements brought about by the work of many scientists during the mission. It is a revised form to the MGDR-A CD-ROM set which covered data from the beginning of the mission, Septermber 22, 1992 to April 23, 1996.

Multichannel forward scattering meter for oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mccluney, W. R.

1974-01-01

An instrument was designed and built that measures the light scattered at several angles in the forward direction simultaneously. The instrument relies on an optical multiplexing technique for frequency encoding of the different channels suitable for detection by a single photodetector. A Mie theory computer program was used to calculate the theoretical volume scattering function for a suspension of polystyrene latex spheres. The agreement between the theoretical and experimental volume scattering functions is taken as a verification of the calibration technique used.

How To...Activities in Physical Oceanography.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nimmer, Donald N.; Sagness, Richard L.

This series of experiments seeks to provide laboratory exercises which demonstrate concepts in Earth Science, particularly oceanology. Materials used in the experiments are easily obtainable. Examples of experiments include: (1) comparison of water hardness; (2) preparation of fresh water from sea water; (3) determination of water pressure; (4)…

Astrometry Information Center - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

are here: Home › USNO › Astrometry › Astrometry Information Center USNO Logo USNO Navigation Optical/IR Products VLBI-based Products Astrometry Information Center Catalog Information Double Star Information VLBI-based Product Information Info Astrometry Information Center Within the astrometry

EO Information Center - Naval Oceanography Portal

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Frequently Asked Questions - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

high confidence. Circular TCFA areas are issued when a developing cyclone's speed and direction of ;, "Medium", and "High" mean on the ABIO and ABPW messages? What is a "Tropical rectangle? When does JTWC initiate warnings on tropical disturbances? How often are warnings updated by JTWC

Earth Orientation Products - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

Earth Orientation Products Daily Solutions Weekly Solutions Long-term Delta T GPS-based Products VLBI report for contributed series. Long-term Delta T Monthly determination of Delta T (TT - UT1) since 1973 and long-term predictions. Determinations of Delta T are updated approximately quarterly, and long

Optical/IR Products - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

are here: Home › USNO › Astrometry › Optical/IR Products USNO Logo USNO Navigation Optical/IR VLBI-based Products Astrometry Information Center Info Optical/IR Products Access to astrometric 2012. A poster paper describing the progress of URAT was presented at the April 2014 DDA meeting in

GPS-based Products - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

more about how to use these products, click here. Rapids 24-hr sets of GPS satellite orbits, satellite every 24 hours. Ultras 48-hour sets (24 hours past, 24 hours predicted) of GPS satellite orbits , satellite clock solutions, and earth orientation parameters. Computed by USNO's IGS Analysis Center every

Microbial oceanography: Killers of the winners

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kirchman, David L.

2013-02-01

Viruses that infect the SAR11 group of oceanic bacteria have finally been found and sequenced. Because SAR11 is ubiquitous, these viruses may be the most abundant in the oceans -- and perhaps in the entire biosphere. See Letter p.357

Retaining STEM women with community-based mentoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lozier, M.

2011-12-01

While women have been graduating from physical oceanography programs in increasing numbers for the past two decades, the number of women occupying senior positions in the field remains relatively low. Thus, the disparity between the percentages of women at various career stages seems to be related to the retention of those completing graduate school in physical oceanography, not in recruiting women to the field. Studies indicate that a positive mentoring experience is strongly correlated with success in science, and as such, MPOWIR (Mentoring Physical Oceanography Women to Increase Retention) provides this essential mentoring to physical oceanographers from late graduate school through their early careers. Our network includes over 400 scientists at 70 institutions participating in a variety of online and face-to-face mentoring opportunities. The MPOWIR website (www.mpowir.org) includes resources for junior scientists, ways to get involved, data and career profiles, and a blog with job postings and relevant information. In October 2011, we will hold the third Pattullo conference to bring mentors and mentees together. The 43 participants at this conference will share their research, attend professional development sessions, and openly discuss issues related to the retention of young scientists in the field.

Fall 1991 Ocean Sciences Student Papers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1992-04-01

Michele Okihiro received an Outstanding Student Paper Award for a paper she presented at the AGU Fall 1991 Meeting entitled “Infragravity Bound Waves in Shallow and Deep Water.” Okihiro received a Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics from Pomona College in 1980, a Bachelor of Science degree in civil engineering from the University of Hawaii in 1988, and a Master of Science degree in oceanography from the University of California at San Diego in 1986. Okihiro is currently working toward her doctorate in oceanography at the University of California at San Diego. Her research at Scripps Institution concerns infragravity waves and their role in forcing resonant harbor oscillations.

Remote sensing of atmosphere and oceans; Proceedings of Symposium 1 and of the Topical Meeting of the 27th COSPAR Plenary Meeting, Espoo, Finland, July 18-29, 1988

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raschke, E. (Editor); Ghazi, A. (Editor); Gower, J. F. R. (Editor); Mccormick, P. (Editor); Gruber, A. (Editor); Hasler, A. F. (Editor)

1989-01-01

Papers are presented on the contribution of space remote sensing observations to the World Climate Research Program and the Global Change Program, covering topics such as space observations for global environmental monitoring, experiments related to land surface fluxes, studies of atmospheric composition, structure, motions, and precipitation, and remote sensing for oceanography, observational studies of the atmosphere, clouds, and the earth radiation budget. Also, papers are given on results from space observations for meteorology, oceanography, and mesoscale atmospheric and ocean processes. The topics include vertical atmospheric soundings, surface water temperature determination, sea level variability, data on the prehurricane atmosphere, linear and circular mesoscale convective systems, Karman vortex clouds, and temporal patterns of phytoplankton abundance.

Evaluation of brine disposal from the Bryan Mound site of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve Program. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hann, R.W. Jr.; Randall, R.E.

1980-12-01

The purpose of this report is to describe the environmental conditions found by the principal investigators during the predisposal study conducted from September 1977 through February 1980 prior to the start of brine discharge in March 1980. The major areas of investigation are physical oceanography, analysis of the discharge plume, water and sediment quality, nekton, benthos, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and data management. Volume 1 describes the results of the predisposal study, and it is divided into eight chapters entitled: Physical Oceanography, Analsyis of the Discharge Plume, Water and Sediment Quality, Nekton, Benthos, Zooplankton, Phytoplankton, and Data Management. Volume 2 consists ofmore » appendices which contain additional supporting data in the form of figures and tables.« less

Evaluation of brine disposal from the Bryan Mound site of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve Program. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hann, R.W. Jr.; Randall, R.E.

1980-12-01

The purpose of this report is to describe the environmental conditions found by the principal investigators during the predisposal study conducted from September 1977 through February 1980 prior to the start of brine discharge in March 1980. The major areas of investigation are physical oceanography, analysis of the discharge plume, water and sediment quality, nekton, benthos, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and data management. Volume 1 describes the results of the predisposal study, and it is divided into eight chapters entitled: Physical Oceanography, Analysis of the Discharge Plume, Water and Sediment Quality, Nekton, Benthos, Zooplankton, Phytoplankton, and Data Management. Volume 2 consists ofmore » appendices which contain additional supporting data in the form of figures and tables.« less

Improving quantitative skills in introductory geoscience courses at a four-year public institution using online math modules

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gordon, E. S.

2011-12-01

Fitchburg State University has a diverse student population comprised largely of students traditionally underrepresented in higher education, including first-generation, low-income, and/or students with disabilities. Approximately half of our incoming students require developmental math coursework, but often enroll in science classes prior to completing those courses. Since our introductory geoscience courses (Oceanography, Meteorology, Geology, Earth Systems Science) do not have prerequisites, many students who take them lack basic math skills, but are taking these courses alongside science majors. In order to provide supplemental math instruction without sacrificing time for content, "The Math You Need, When You Need It (TMYN), a set of online math tutorials placed in a geoscience context, will be implemented in three of our introductory courses (Oceanography, Meteorology, and Earth Systems Science) during Fall, 2011. Students will complete 5-6 modules asynchronously, the topics of which include graphing skills, calculating rates, unit conversions, and rearranging equations. Assessment of quantitative skills will be tracked with students' pre- and post-test results, as well as individual module quiz scores. In addition, student assessment results from Oceanography will be compared to student data from Academic Year 2010-11, during which quantitative skills were evaluated with pre- and post-test questions, but students did not receive online supplemental instruction.

Resources and References for Earth Science Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wall, Charles A.; Wall, Janet E.

1976-01-01

Listed are resources and references for earth science teachers including doctoral research, new textbooks, and professional literature in astronomy, space science, earth science, geology, meteorology, and oceanography. (SL)

75 FR 71734 - Outer Continental Shelf (OCS), Scientific Committee (SC)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-24

... program covers a wide range of field and laboratory studies in biology, chemistry, and physical... SC has 15 vacancies in the following disciplines: Biological oceanography/marine biology; social...

Observing earth from Skylab

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Skylab technology and observations of earth resources are discussed. Special attention was given to application of Skylab data to mapmaking, geology/geodesy, water resources, oceanography, meteorology, and geography/ecology.

Ten Days at Sea: For Grades K through 3

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seddon, Marian

1977-01-01

Outlines a 10-day unit in oceanography for the primary grades. Suggest stories, chalkboard work, topics for discussion, coloring projects, experiments, films, reference books, and topics for research projects. (CS)

Science at Sea.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phillips, Mary Nied

2001-01-01

Describes a three-week inservice teacher education program that involves two sessions of preparatory classes ashore in nautical science and oceanography, and concludes with a nine-day sea voyage. (ASK)

Earth Science Principles Pertinent to the General Education Programs in Junior High Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henson, Kenneth Tyrone

1970-01-01

Presents the procedures, and findings of a study designed to identify principles in astronomy, geology, meterology, oceanography and physical geography pertinent to general education programs in junior high schools. (LC)

Remote sensing applied to crop disease control, urban planning, and monitoring aquatic plants, oil spills, rangelands, and soil moisture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

The application of remote sensing techniques to land management, urban planning, agriculture, oceanography, and environmental monitoring is discussed. The results of various projects are presented along with cost effective considerations.

46 CFR 90.10-16 - Industrial vessel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ventures. Included in this classification are such vessels as drill rigs, missile range ships, dredges... classification are vessels carrying freight for hire or engaged in oceanography, limnology, or the fishing...

46 CFR 90.10-16 - Industrial vessel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ventures. Included in this classification are such vessels as drill rigs, missile range ships, dredges... classification are vessels carrying freight for hire or engaged in oceanography, limnology, or the fishing...

46 CFR 90.10-16 - Industrial vessel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ventures. Included in this classification are such vessels as drill rigs, missile range ships, dredges... classification are vessels carrying freight for hire or engaged in oceanography, limnology, or the fishing...

46 CFR 90.10-16 - Industrial vessel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ventures. Included in this classification are such vessels as drill rigs, missile range ships, dredges... classification are vessels carrying freight for hire or engaged in oceanography, limnology, or the fishing...

46 CFR 90.10-16 - Industrial vessel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ventures. Included in this classification are such vessels as drill rigs, missile range ships, dredges... classification are vessels carrying freight for hire or engaged in oceanography, limnology, or the fishing...

New Species Found!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reinemann, Deborah; Thomas, Jolie

2003-01-01

Explains a 4th grade lesson on oceans in which students create imaginary marine animals. Creatively assesses student understanding of habitat and adaptation. Overviews 14 lessons in the oceanography unit. (SOE)

Earth Observing System. Volume 1, Part 2: Science and Mission Requirements. Working Group Report Appendix

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

Areas of global hydrologic cycles, global biogeochemical cycles geophysical processes are addressed including biological oceanography, inland aquatic resources, land biology, tropospheric chemistry, oceanic transport, polar glaciology, sea ice and atmospheric chemistry.

Oceanography: A sea butterfly flaps its wings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ries, Justin B.

2012-12-01

Ocean acidification is predicted to harm the ocean's shell-building organisms over the coming centuries. Sea butterflies, an ecologically important group of molluscs in the Arctic and Southern oceans, are already suffering the effects.

Summary of Research 2000: Department of Oceanography

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-12-01

Castro, R., A. S. Mascarenhas, R. Durazo and C. Collins, "Variaci6n estacional de la temperatura y salinidad en la entrada del Golfo de California...AREAS: Sensors , Battlespace Environments KEYWORDS: Littoral, Acoustics, Nowcast, Shelfbreak Fronts NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL OAO TEST-BAN TREATY...Organization. DoD KEY TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Sensors KEYWORDS: Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Monitoring OCEAN ACOUSTIC FEDERATION: CALIFORNIA CURRENT MONITORING

Oceanography Field Practicum, Spring Half-Term, 1972.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Monahan, Edward C.; And Others

A description of the course and the facilities for the course are given. The Course Log which lists the lectures, cruises, and other activities available to students is also given. The abstract or the paper of each students' individual research project has also been printed. The subjects of these projects range through all fields of earth science…

On small satellites for oceanography: A survey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guerra, André G. C.; Francisco, Frederico; Villate, Jaime; Aguado Agelet, Fernando; Bertolami, Orfeu; Rajan, Kanna

2016-10-01

The recent explosive growth of small satellite operations driven primarily from an academic or pedagogical need, has demonstrated the viability of commercial-off-the-shelf technologies in space. They have also leveraged and shown the need for development of compatible sensors primarily aimed for Earth observation tasks including monitoring terrestrial domains, communications and engineering tests. However, one domain that these platforms have not yet made substantial inroads into, is in the ocean sciences. Remote sensing has long been within the repertoire of tools for oceanographers to study dynamic large scale physical phenomena, such as gyres and fronts, bio-geochemical process transport, primary productivity and process studies in the coastal ocean. We argue that the time has come for micro and nano-satellites (with mass smaller than 100 kg and 2-3 year development times) designed, built, tested and flown by academic departments, for coordinated observations with robotic assets in situ. We do so primarily by surveying SmallSat missions oriented towards ocean observations in the recent past, and in doing so, we update the current knowledge about what is feasible in the rapidly evolving field of platforms and sensors for this domain. We conclude by proposing a set of candidate ocean observing missions with an emphasis on radar-based observations, with a focus on Synthetic Aperture Radar.

Oceanography in the formal and informal classroom

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Richardson, A.; Jasnow, M.; Srinivasan, M.; Rosmorduc, V.; Blanc, F.

2002-01-01

The TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 ocean altimeter missions offer the educator in the middle school or informal education venue a unique opportunity for reinforcing ocean science studies. An educational poster from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and France's Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales provide teachers and students a tool to examine topics such as the dynamics of ocean circulation, ocean research, and the oceans' role in climate.

Microbial oceanography in a sea of opportunity.

PubMed

Bowler, Chris; Karl, David M; Colwell, Rita R

2009-05-14

Plankton use solar energy to drive the nutrient cycles that make the planet habitable for larger organisms. We can now explore the diversity and functions of plankton using genomics, revealing the gene repertoires associated with survival in the oceans. Such studies will help us to appreciate the sensitivity of ocean systems and of the ocean's response to climate change, improving the predictive power of climate models.

TOPEX/Poseidon - An international satellite oceanography mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Townsend, W. F.; Fellous, J.-L.

1986-01-01

The TOPEX/Poseidon mission, a joint NASA-CNES effort, strives to provide highly accurate global ocean topography measurements over a three year period utilizing highly advanced satellite radar altimetry techniques. Scheduled for launch in late 1991, the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite, together with ESA's first European remote sensing satellite and NASA's scatterometer, promises to provide a fundamental breakthrough in the present knowledge of how the oceans work as a global system. As part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment, TOPEX/Poseidon measurements will aid in the determination of the three-dimensional current structure of the global oceans.

Orbit analysis for coastal zone oceanography observations.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harrison, E. F.; Green, R. N.

1973-01-01

A study has been performed to define the orbital characteristics of a satellite dedicated to monitoring the coastal zones of the United States. The primary area of coverage is the east coast with secondary coverage of the west coast. Since no one orbital inclination fits both coasts, the inclination was determined by the east coast to be 63 deg. This inclination was found to give better coverage of the east coast than either its retrograde counterpart or a sun synchronous orbit. The two coasts require quite different orbits to maximize the coverage. The use of a small propulsive maneuver could be used to compromise the coverage between the two coastlines and change from one type orbit to the other.

Microbial oceanography of anoxic oxygen minimum zones.

PubMed

Ulloa, Osvaldo; Canfield, Donald E; DeLong, Edward F; Letelier, Ricardo M; Stewart, Frank J

2012-10-02

Vast expanses of oxygen-deficient and nitrite-rich water define the major oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) of the global ocean. They support diverse microbial communities that influence the nitrogen economy of the oceans, contributing to major losses of fixed nitrogen as dinitrogen (N(2)) and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) gases. Anaerobic microbial processes, including the two pathways of N(2) production, denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation, are oxygen-sensitive, with some occurring only under strictly anoxic conditions. The detection limit of the usual method (Winkler titrations) for measuring dissolved oxygen in seawater, however, is much too high to distinguish low oxygen conditions from true anoxia. However, new analytical technologies are revealing vanishingly low oxygen concentrations in nitrite-rich OMZs, indicating that these OMZs are essentially anoxic marine zones (AMZs). Autonomous monitoring platforms also reveal previously unrecognized episodic intrusions of oxygen into the AMZ core, which could periodically support aerobic metabolisms in a typically anoxic environment. Although nitrogen cycling is considered to dominate the microbial ecology and biogeochemistry of AMZs, recent environmental genomics and geochemical studies show the presence of other relevant processes, particularly those associated with the sulfur and carbon cycles. AMZs correspond to an intermediate state between two "end points" represented by fully oxic systems and fully sulfidic systems. Modern and ancient AMZs and sulfidic basins are chemically and functionally related. Global change is affecting the magnitude of biogeochemical fluxes and ocean chemical inventories, leading to shifts in AMZ chemistry and biology that are likely to continue well into the future.

Applications of adenine nucleotide measurements in oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holm-Hansen, O.; Hodson, R.; Azam, F.

1975-01-01

The methodology involved in nucleotide measurements is outlined, along with data to support the premise that ATP concentrations in microbial cells can be extrapolated to biomass parameters. ATP concentrations in microorganisms and nucleotide analyses are studied.

Climatology and Archived Data - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

Archived Data godae_text_logo.png Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) The Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) is a practical demonstration of near-real-time, global ocean data assimilation

Secretary of the Navy, Processor of Oceanography

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-07-20

earliest days of SOFAR transmissions. We proposed that scattering from internal waves could account for the penetration, and this has now been confirmed...related to change in obliquity (C2). D. Acoustic Noise generated by Ocean Waves . Farrell and I have found that the acoustic noise background in the...deep ocean down to 5 km is associated with short surface waves . There is some evidence for a noise minimum centered at 27 Hz (Dl, D2). This might be

Products and Services Notice - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert, Northwest Pacific Ocean Issued as required when tropical cyclone PGTW Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert, North Indian Ocean Issued as required when TC formation is , Southwest Pacific Ocean Issued as required when TC formation is expected in 12-24 hours WTPS31-35 PGTW

Microbial oceanography of anoxic oxygen minimum zones

PubMed Central

Ulloa, Osvaldo; Canfield, Donald E.; DeLong, Edward F.; Letelier, Ricardo M.; Stewart, Frank J.

2012-01-01

Vast expanses of oxygen-deficient and nitrite-rich water define the major oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) of the global ocean. They support diverse microbial communities that influence the nitrogen economy of the oceans, contributing to major losses of fixed nitrogen as dinitrogen (N2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) gases. Anaerobic microbial processes, including the two pathways of N2 production, denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation, are oxygen-sensitive, with some occurring only under strictly anoxic conditions. The detection limit of the usual method (Winkler titrations) for measuring dissolved oxygen in seawater, however, is much too high to distinguish low oxygen conditions from true anoxia. However, new analytical technologies are revealing vanishingly low oxygen concentrations in nitrite-rich OMZs, indicating that these OMZs are essentially anoxic marine zones (AMZs). Autonomous monitoring platforms also reveal previously unrecognized episodic intrusions of oxygen into the AMZ core, which could periodically support aerobic metabolisms in a typically anoxic environment. Although nitrogen cycling is considered to dominate the microbial ecology and biogeochemistry of AMZs, recent environmental genomics and geochemical studies show the presence of other relevant processes, particularly those associated with the sulfur and carbon cycles. AMZs correspond to an intermediate state between two “end points” represented by fully oxic systems and fully sulfidic systems. Modern and ancient AMZs and sulfidic basins are chemically and functionally related. Global change is affecting the magnitude of biogeochemical fluxes and ocean chemical inventories, leading to shifts in AMZ chemistry and biology that are likely to continue well into the future. PMID:22967509

Ocean Electric Field for Oceanography and Surveillance

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-27

partial support from this grant: D’Asaro, E.A., T.B. Sanford, P. Niiler and E.J. Terrill ( 2007 ). Cold wake of Hurricane Frances, Geophys. Res...Italy, 21-25 September 2009, Hall, J. and D.E. Harrison and D. Stammer , Editors. Huang, P., T. B. Sanford and J. Imberger (2009). Heat and

Secretary of the Navy Professor of Oceanography

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-28

U. Michigan) W. Munk (SIO), R. C. Spindel (U. Washington). D. Stammer . P, F. Worcester (SIO), and C. Wunsch. : John A. Colosi and F.dward Scheer...R. C. Spindel, D. Stammer , P. F. Worcester, and M. Zarnetske (2004) Acoustic remote sensing of large-scale temperature variability in the North...Gauge. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36(6): 967-996. 2007 Munk, W. and B. Bills ( 2007 ) Tides and the climate; some speculations. J. Phvs. Ocean., 37(2): 135

Summary of Research 1997 Department of Oceanography.

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-01-01

M., Zambianchi, E., Sellschopp, J., and Ribera , M., "Lagrangian Measurements of Surface Circulation in the Straits of Sicily," Joint IAMAS/IAPSO...Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 1997. 71 PUBLICATIONS/PRESENTATIONS Poulain, P.-M., Zambianchi, E., Sellschopp, J., and Ribera , M

University Curricula in Oceanography and Related Fields.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-01

shaping human objectives. As our understanding of the oceans and their influence on our physical world increases, opportunities for human enrichment...also increase. The future well-being of the human race is inextricably linked to knowledge of the oceans, the seafloor, and the airspaces above. The...supple- as trained, the general education courses in English, mented by a larger assemblage of courses from various humanities and social studies are

Tools of Oceanography. Ocean Related Curriculum Activities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sands, Florence

The ocean affects all of our lives. Therefore, awareness of and information about the interconnections between humans and oceans are prerequisites to making sound decisions for the future. Project ORCA (Ocean Related Curriculum Activities) has developed interdisciplinary curriculum materials designed to meet the needs of students and teachers…

Summary of Research 1998, Department of Oceanography.

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-08-01

Center," Eastern Pacific Oceanographic Conference, Timberline Lodge , OR, 23-26 September 1998. DoD KEY TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Battlespace Environments...34 1998 Annual Meeting, Eastern Pacific Oceanic Conference, Timberline , OR, September 1998. Asanuma, H., Chavez, F., Collins, C, Michisake, R., andRago...Eastern Pacific Ocean Conference, Timberline , OR, September 1998. Laws, K.E., Fernandez, D.M., Paduan, J.D., and Vesecky, J.F., "Simulation Studies of

Almanacs and Other Publications - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

are here: Home › USNO › Astronomical Applications › Almanacs and Other Publications USNO Logo USNO Navigation Data Services Astronomical Information Center Almanacs and Other Publications Software Products For DoD Users Info Almanacs and Other Publications Annual Astronomical and Navigational Almanacs

For DoD Users - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

are here: Home › USNO › Astronomical Applications › For DoD Users USNO Logo USNO Navigation Data Services Astronomical Information Center Almanacs and Other Publications Software Products For DoD Users

The Physical Oceanography of the Alboran Sea.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-01

sentence: Change " La Violette, P. E. (1985)" to " La Violette, P. E. (1984)". 8. References, P. 24: Change "primaveraverano" to "primavera- verano...Santa 0 it is a narrow transition between the broad Mediter- Teresa, La Spezia, Italy; September 1983). Although ranean Sea and the open Atlantic Ocean...close to 36.5 ppt 1 h egahcdsrbto fAlni 4tr A’ ji iii I .n 16.4 pipt I at I(XW in depth. A*t Sta- %lost of the Alboran Sea is covered by a shalloslo la -er

The Physical Oceanography of the Alboran Sea.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-01

concentrated in Lanoix, 1974) fluctuated about 38.47 ppt and 13.15’C , ie northern part (Fig. 20). Its path in the eastern basin (in situ ). Bryden et al...inclinacion transversal de las W ater. aguas atlanticas y Mediterraneas en el Estrecho de Gibraltar. Boletin del Instituto Espaiol de X1. References

Progress in the Determination of the Earth's Gravity Field

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rapp, Richard H. (Editor)

1989-01-01

Topics addressed include: global gravity model development; methods for approximation of the gravity field; gravity field measuring techniques; global gravity field applications and requirements in geophysics and oceanography; and future gravity missions.

Early Adolescence: Active Science for Middle Schoolers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Padilla, Michael; Griffin, Nancy

1980-01-01

Describes activities appropriate for involving middle school students as active participants in the learning process. Topics discussed include archaeology, bulletin boards, dramatizations, physics experiments using the human body, oceanography, and ecology. (CS)

Innovations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Journal of College Science Teaching, 1972

1972-01-01

Listed are some new programs added in different institutions. Topics listed are oceanography, environmental education, interdisciplinary education, computer assisted instruction in chemistry laboratory, elementary education and FORTRAN IV for beginning students. (PS)

Myths in funding ocean research at the National Science Foundation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duce, Robert A.; Benoit-Bird, Kelly J.; Ortiz, Joseph; Woodgate, Rebecca A.; Bontempi, Paula; Delaney, Margaret; Gaines, Steven D.; Harper, Scott; Jones, Brandon; White, Lisa D.

2012-12-01

Every 3 years the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), through its Advisory Committee on Geosciences, forms a Committee of Visitors (COV) to review different aspects of the Directorate for Geosciences (GEO). This year a COV was formed to review the Biological Oceanography (BO), Chemical Oceanography (CO), and Physical Oceanography (PO) programs in the Ocean Section; the Marine Geology and Geophysics (MGG) and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) science programs in the Marine Geosciences Section; and the Ocean Education and Ocean Technology and Interdisciplinary Coordination (OTIC) programs in the Integrative Programs Section of the Ocean Sciences Division (OCE). The 2012 COV assessed the proposal review process for fiscal year (FY) 2009-2011, when 3843 proposal actions were considered, resulting in 1141 awards. To do this, COV evaluated the documents associated with 206 projects that were randomly selected from the following categories: low-rated proposals that were funded, high-rated proposals that were funded, low-rated proposals that were declined, high-rated proposals that were declined, some in the middle (53 awarded, 106 declined), and all (47) proposals submitted to the Rapid Response Research (RAPID) funding mechanism. NSF provided additional data as requested by the COV in the form of graphs and tables. The full COV report, including graphs and tables, is available at http://www.nsf.gov/geo/acgeo_cov.jsp.

Stratified Fronts in Well-Mixed Estuaries

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

Thornton Thomas Murphree Professor of Oceanography (Emer.) Professor of Meteorology Approved by...J. C. Warner (2012), Bathymetric controls on sediment transport in the Hudson River estuary: Lateral asymmetry and frontal trapping, J. Geophys

North Atlantic Deep Water Formation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bennett, T. (Editor); Broecker, W. S. (Editor); Hansen, J. (Editor)

1984-01-01

Various studies concerning differing aspects of the North Atlantic are presented. The three major topics under which the works are classified include: (1) oceanography; (2) paleoclimate; and (3) ocean, ice and climate modeling.

Oscillation Rules as the Pacific Cools

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-12-13

The latest image of sea-surface height measurements from NASA U.S./French Jason-1 oceanography satellite shows the Pacific Ocean remains locked in a strong, cool phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.

Elective Program Projects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Estrada, Christelle

1976-01-01

Outlined is an interdisciplinary program in Ecology and Oceanography for grades six through eight. Numerous student projects are suggested in the outline and the course requirements and the project system are explained. (MA)

MAOS: An Innovative Way to Teach High School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harray, Nancy; And Others

1997-01-01

Describes an innovative high school program that uses oceanography, mathematics, and science as common threads in the instructional program. The program utilizes an innovative class structure, community involvement, and hands on activities. (DDR)

Catalog of Computer Programs Used in Undergraduate Geological Education. Second Edition. Installment 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burger, H. Robert

1984-01-01

Describes 70 computer programs related to (1) structural geology; (2) sedimentology and stratigraphy; and (3) the environment, groundwater, glacial geology, and oceanography. Potential use(s), language, required hardware, and sources are included. (JM)

Centering on Sea Life in the Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gruendike, Janis L.

1982-01-01

Describes an oceanography learning center for elementary/middle school students, focusing on use of games (review jeopardy), instructional tapes, flash cards, activity felt boards, picture puzzles, reading materials, science displays, and experiment stations. (JN)

Cruise to the Chukchi Borderland, Arctic Ocean

USGS Publications Warehouse

Grantz, Arthur; ,

1993-01-01

Oceanography and geology were the principal focuses of the U.S. Geological Survey-sponsored expedition Arctic Summer West '92, which traveled to the eastern part of the Chukchi Borderland of the Amerasia Basin, western Arctic Ocean. The expedition took place from August 20 to September 25, 1992, aboard the Coast Guard cutter Polar Star. USGS investigated the geologic framework and tectonic origin of the borderland, Arctic Quaternary paleoclimate, sea-ice transport of particulate matter in the Beaufort Gyre, and possible radionuclide contamination of the water column and seafloor off Alaska from sources in the Russian Arctic. Researchers from five other institutions studied the area's oceanography, age of the water column, paleoenvironment of the Holocene sediment, physical properties and synthetic-aperture radar backscatter of sea ice, and the drop-stone content of late Quaternary sediment.

Time series of the northeast Pacific

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peña, M. Angelica; Bograd, Steven J.

2007-10-01

In July 2006, the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) and Fisheries & Oceans Canada sponsored the symposium “Time Series of the Northeast Pacific: A symposium to mark the 50th anniversary of Line P”. The symposium, which celebrated 50 years of oceanography along Line P and at Ocean Station Papa (OSP), explored the scientific value of the Line P and other long oceanographic time series of the northeast Pacific (NEP). Overviews of the principal NEP time-series were presented, which facilitated regional comparisons and promoted interaction and exchange of information among investigators working in the NEP. More than 80 scientists from 8 countries attended the symposium. This introductory essay is a brief overview of the symposium and the 10 papers that were selected for this special issue of Progress in Oceanography.

El Niño Continues to Grow

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-12-12

The latest image from NASA Jason oceanography satellite, taken during a 10-day collection cycle ending December 2, 2002, shows the Pacific dominated by two significant areas of higher-than-normal sealevel warmer ocean temperatures.

The Great Hydrometer Construction Contest!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGinnis, James Randy; Padilla, Michael J.

1991-01-01

The relationship between specific gravity, salinity, and density in brine solutions is investigated. Students construct hydrometers to reinforce concepts learned in oceanography. Background information, salt requirements for the unknowns, directions, and reproducible worksheets are included. (KR)

Near-Real-Time Acoustic Monitoring of Beaked Whales and Other Cetaceans Using a Seaglider(TM)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-18

their copepod prey observed from ocean gliders. Limnology and Oceanography 53: 2197–2209. Acoustic Monitoring of Cetaceans Using a Seaglider PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 8 May 2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 5 | e36128

La Niña Exit Leaves Climate Forecasts in Limbo

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-07-06

The latest image of Pacific Ocean sea surface heights from the NASA OSTIM/Jason-2 oceanography satellite, on June 11, 2010, shows that Pacific has switched from warm red to cold blue during the last few months.

El Ni?o Last Stand?

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-03-16

Recent sea-level height data from NASA Jason-2 oceanography satellite show a weakening of trade winds in western and central equatorial Pacific during late-January through February has triggered yet another strong, eastward-moving Kelvin wave.

An Overview of Global Observing Systems Relevant to GODAE

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-10-29

GODAE Paper presented1 at the Final GODAE Symposium. Nice. France. November 12-15, 2008. Abstract available at: http-V/www.gouac. •wg/2.1 SW-abstract html (accessed lune 2, 2009). Oceanography September 2009 33

Graphical methods and Cold War scientific practice: the Stommel Diagram's intriguing journey from the physical to the biological environmental sciences.

PubMed

Vance, Tiffany C; Doel, Ronald E

2010-01-01

In the last quarter of the twentieth century, an innovative three-dimensional graphical technique was introduced into biological oceanography and ecology, where it spread rapidly. Used to improve scientists' understanding of the importance of scale within oceanic ecosystems, this influential diagram addressed biological scales from phytoplankton to fish, physical scales from diurnal tides to ocean currents, and temporal scales from hours to ice ages. Yet the Stommel Diagram (named for physical oceanographer Henry Stommel, who created it in 1963) had not been devised to aid ecological investigations. Rather, Stommel intended it to help plan large-scale research programs in physical oceanography, particularly as Cold War research funding enabled a dramatic expansion of physical oceanography in the 1960s. Marine ecologists utilized the Stommel Diagram to enhance research on biological production in ocean environments, a key concern by the 1970s amid growing alarm about overfishing and ocean pollution. Before the end of the twentieth century, the diagram had become a significant tool within the discipline of ecology. Tracing the path that Stommel's graphical techniques traveled from the physical to the biological environmental sciences reveals a great deal about practices in these distinct research communities and their relative professional and institutional standings in the Cold War era. Crucial to appreciating the course of that path is an understanding of the divergent intellectual and social contexts of the physical versus the biological environmental sciences.

Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Open Days at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hyatt, Jason; Cenedese, Claudia; Jensen, Anders

2015-11-01

This event was hosted for one week for two consecutive years in 2013 and 2014. It targeted postdocs, graduate students, K-12 students and local community participation. The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution hosted 10 hands-on demonstrations and displays, with something for all ages, to share the excitement of fluid mechanics and oceanography. The demonstrations/experiments spanned as many fluid mechanics problems as possible in all fields of oceanography and gave insight into using fluids laboratory experiments as a research tool. The chosen experiments were `simple' yet exciting for a 6 year old child, a high school student, a graduate student, and a postdoctoral fellow from different disciplines within oceanography. The laboratory is a perfect environment in which to create excitement and stimulate curiosity. Even what we consider `simple' experiments can fascinate and generate interesting questions from both a 6 year old child and a physics professor. How does an avalanche happen? How does a bath tub vortex form? What happens to waves when they break? How does a hurricane move? Hands-on activities in the fluid dynamics laboratory helped students of all ages in answering these and other intriguing questions. The laboratory experiments/demonstrations were accompanied by `live' videos to assist in the interpretation of the demonstrations. Posters illustrated the oceanographic/scientific applicability and the location on Earth where the dynamics in the experiments occur. Support was given by the WHOI Doherty Chair in Education.

Interested in Pelagic Food Webs? BCO-DMO has your Data.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chandler, C. L.; Groman, R. C.; Kinkade, D.; Rauch, S.; Allison, M. D.; Gegg, S. R.; Shepherd, A.; Wiebe, P. H.; Glover, D. M.

2016-02-01

Interdisciplinary research collaborations that address complex, global research themes such as the interactive effects of global warming and studies of pelagic food webs require access to a broad range of data types from all disciplines of oceanography, from all platforms (e.g. ships, gliders, floats, moorings), with the in situ observations complementing and being complemented by laboratory and model results. In an effort to build a comprehensive database of marine ecosystem research data, the National Science Foundation (NSF) funded the Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO; bco-dmo.org) to support the data management requirements of investigators funded by the NSF's Polar Programs (PLR) and Biological and Chemical Oceanography Sections (OCE). Since 2006, investigators funded by NSF PLR and OCE have been working with support from BCO-DMO data scientists, to build a data system that now includes the full range of ocean biogeochemistry data resulting from decades of research. In addition to data from recently funded PIs, the BCO-DMO data system also serves data from legacy programs (e.g. US Joint Global Ocean Flux Study and US Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics). The data are open-access, available for download in a variety of user-selectable formats, and accompanied by sufficient documentation to enable re-use. This presentation will highlight the diversity of data available from the BCO-DMO system and demonstrate some of the features that enable discovery, access and download of data relevant to studies of pelagic food webs.

Honors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anonymous

2012-10-01

Many AGU members are among the American Meteorological Society's (AMS) 2013 honorary members, awardees, lecturers, and fellows. Among the AMS honorary members is Susan Solomon, the Ellen Swallow Richards Professor of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Dennis Hartmann, of the University of Washington, Seattle, is the recipient of AMS's Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal "for significant contributions to the synthesis of knowledge of radiative and dynamical processes leading to a deeper understanding of the climate system." R. Alan Plumb, professor of meteorology at MIT, receives the Jule G. Charney Award "for fundamental contributions to the understanding of geophysical fluid dynamics, stratospheric dynamics, chemical transport, and the general circulation of the atmosphere and oceans." The Verner E. Suomi Award has been given to Richard Johnson, professor of atmospheric science at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, "for exquisite design of rawinsonde networks in field campaigns and insightful analysis of interactions between convective clouds and the largescale atmospheric circulation." W. Kendall Melville, professor of oceanography at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, has been awarded the Sverdrup Gold Medal Award "for pioneering contributions in advancing knowledge on the role of surface wave breaking and related processes in air-sea interaction." AMS announced that Laurence Armi, also a professor of oceanography at Scripps, is recipient of the Henry Stommel Research Award "for his deeply insightful studies of stratified flow, his pioneering work on boundary mixing and other turbulent mechanisms."

Mission Possible: The Sea Semester Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saveland, Robert N.; Stoner, Allan W.

1985-01-01

The "Research Vessel Westward" provides a sea-going research laboratory for students from various disciplines to learn oceanography concepts and research techniques while earning university credit. Descriptions of equipment, organizational structure, and student research responsibilities are presented. (DH)

Propagation Limitations in Remote Sensing.

DTIC Science & Technology

Contents: Multi-sensors and systems in remote sensing ; Radar sensing systems over land; Remote sensing techniques in oceanography; Influence of...propagation media and background; Infrared techniques in remote sensing ; Photography in remote sensing ; Analytical studies in remote sensing .

SSC marks anniversary of Hurricane Katrina

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

At the Hurricane Katrina observance held Aug. 29 in the StenniSphere auditorium, Stennis Space Center Deputy Director David Throckmorton (left) and RAdm. Timothy McGee, Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command, unveil a plaque dedicated to SSC employees.

SSC marks anniversary of Hurricane Katrina

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-08-29

At the Hurricane Katrina observance held Aug. 29 in the StenniSphere auditorium, Stennis Space Center Deputy Director David Throckmorton (left) and RAdm. Timothy McGee, Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command, unveil a plaque dedicated to SSC employees.

78 FR 50037 - Hydrographic Services Review Panel

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-16

... pilotage, coastal and fishery management, and other disciplines as determined appropriate by the... oceanography; coastal resource management, including fisheries management and regional marine planning; and...) Describe your leadership or professional experiences which you believe will contribute to the effectiveness...

A Model for Teaching the Dynamical Theory of Tides.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Railsback, L. Bruce

1991-01-01

The dynamical theory of tides is often neglected in teaching oceanography because students have difficulty in visualizing the movements of the tides across the glove. A schematic diagram portraying amphidromic systems as mechanical gears helps overcome these problems. (Author)

Building Websites for Science Literacy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Welborn, Victoria; Kanar, Bryn

2000-01-01

Suggests guidelines for evaluating and organizing Websites on scientific concepts that are developed from definitions of science literacy and science information literacy. Includes a sample webilography and a sample search strategy on the topic of acoustical oceanography. (Author/LRW)

A Semester of Geology in Bermuda.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pestana, Harold R.

1982-01-01

Described is a nine-week undergraduate semester program (12 credit hours) conducted at the Bermuda Biological Station for Research which included three courses: introductory oceanography, sedimentology, and independent field study. Brief descriptions of sample student projects are included. (DC)

Dispersant Effectiveness, In-Situ Droplet Size Distribution and Numerical Modeling to Assess Subsurface Dispersant Injection as a Deepwater Blowout Oil Spill Response Option and Evaluation of Oil Fluorescence Characteristics to Improve Forensic Response Tools

EPA Science Inventory

This report summarizes two projects covered under an Interagency Agreement between the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in collaboration with the Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Department of Fisheries and...

U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1987-1990; Proceedings of the IUGG General Assembly, 20th, Vienna, Austria, Aug. 11-24, 1991

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shea, Margaret A. (Editor)

1991-01-01

An authoritative record of contributions of geophysical research in the U.S. during 1987-1990 is reported. Major areas of research include atmospheric sciences, geodesy, hydrology, planetology, geomagnetism, paleomagnetism, volcanology, geochemistry, petrology, oceanography, seismology, tectonophysics, and solar-planetary relations.

Significant accomplishments in science and technology, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1974. [proceedings - NASA programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Topics covered are: (1) earth resources (climatology, oceanography, soils, strip mines), and (2) astronomy (magnetic fields and atmospheres of the planets and the sun; galactic and interstellar gas; cosmic and X-ray radiation). Photographs of satellite observations are included.

US National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1987-1990

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

USAF, Geophysics Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA

1991-01-01

An authoritative record of contributions of geophysical research in the U.S. during 1987-1990 is reported. Major areas of research include atmospheric sciences, geodesy, hydrology, planetology, geomagnetism, paleomagnetism, volcanology, geochemistry, petrology, oceanography, seismology, tectonophysics, and solar-planetary relations.

Comparative Research Productivity Measures for Economic Departments.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huettner, David A.; Clark, William

1997-01-01

Develops a simple theoretical model to evaluate interdisciplinary differences in research productivity between economics departments and related subjects. Compares the research publishing statistics of economics, finance, psychology, geology, physics, oceanography, chemistry, and geophysics. Considers a number of factors including journal…

Quantifying Trophic and Demographic Rates of Plankton-Rich Layers in East Sound, Orcas Island, Washington

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

are used, two independent methods to measure primary productivity and the dilution method to measure heterotrophic protists grazing rate. In...dinoflagellates, diatoms, and other protist plankton. Limnology and Oceanography 45: 569-579 Menden-Deuer S, EJ Lessard & J Satterberg. 2001

Quantifying Trophic and Demographic Rates of Plankton-Rich Layers in East Sound, Orcas Island, Washington

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-30

different methods are used, two independent methods to measure primary productivity and the dilution method to measure heterotrophic protists grazing...relationships for dinoflagellates, diatoms, and other protist plankton. Limnology and Oceanography 45: 569-579 Menden-Deuer S, EJ Lessard & J

Quantifying Trophic and Demographic Rates of Plankton-Rich Layers in East Sound, Orcas Island, Washington

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

ratios (Welschmeyer & Lorenzen, 1984), heterotrophic protist grazing rates (Montagnes & Lessard, 1999), and cellular carbon content (Putt & Stoecker 1989...dinoflagellates, diatoms, and other protist plankton. Limnology and Oceanography 45: 569-579 Menden-Deuer S, EJ Lessard & J Satterberg. 2001. Effect of

El Ni?o Pumping Up, Warm Kelvin Wave Surges Toward South America

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-11-12

ElNi?o is experiencing a late-fall resurgence. Sea-level height data from the NASA/European Ocean Surface Topography Mission/Jason-2 oceanography satellite show the equatorial Pacific has triggered a wave of warm water, known as a Kelvin wave.

El Niño Surges; Warm Kelvin Wave Headed for South America

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-12-17

The most recent sea-level height data from the NASA/European Ocean Surface Topography Mission/Jason-2 oceanography satellite show the continued eastward progression of a strong wave of warm water, known as a Kelvin wave, now approaching South America.

Updating the Vision for Marine Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klemm, E. Barbara

1988-01-01

Discusses the need to update the content, philosophical stance, and pedagogy of marine education to reflect recent advances in these areas. Cites some developments in oceanography and ocean engineering. Proposes ways teachers can learn about and utilize this knowledge. (RT)

Global Energy-saving Map of Strong Ocean Currents

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan) 2(Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung...World Bank and FAO. (2009). The sunken billions. The economic justification for fisheries reform. Washington, DC, Agriculture and Rural Development

Flower Garden Banks (northwest Gulf of Mexico): Environmental characteristics and human interaction. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Deslarzes, K.J.P.

1998-10-01

This report is a multidisciplinary update of various topics concerning the Banks -- oceanography, meteorology, commercial fishing, recreation, military activities, hydrocarbon development, and potential environmental impacts. The area surrounding the Flower Garden Banks is increasingly active with oil and gas development.

The Chemistry of Seashells.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kinard, W. Frank

1980-01-01

Describes the use of infrared and atomic absorption spectrometry in an introductory chemical oceanography course to introduce students to carbonate mineralogy by having them determine both the crystal structure and the magnesium content of seashells that they have collected. (Author/JN)

Foundations of geophysics. [College textbook

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Scheidegger, A.E.

1976-01-01

The following subjects are covered/: geography, geodesy, and geology; seismology, gravity, and the Earth's interior; magnetic and electrical properties of the earth; thermicity of the earth and related subjects; tectonophysics; geophysical exploration; geohydrology; physical oceanography; physical meteorology; and engineering geophysics. (MHR)

Sensitivity of a Navy Regional Ocean Model to High-Resolution Atmospheric and Scatterometer Wind Forcing

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-09-01

available until June 1999, synthetic QuikSCAT winds were generated using software provided by the Aerospace Corporation ( Stodden and Galasso, 1996...1994: Methods of Satellite Oceanography. Berkeley: University of California Press, 360 pp. Stodden , D.Y., and G.D. Galasso, 1996

Experiments with Tropical Cyclone Wave and Intensity Forecasts

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-30

algorithm In collaboration with Paul Wittmann (Fleet Numerical Metorology and Oceanography Center) and Hendrik Tolman (National Centers for...Wittmann, P.A., C Sampson and H. Tolman: 2006: Wave Analysis Guidance for Tropical Cyclone Forecast Advisories. 9th International Workshop on Wave

Science and Security before the Atomic Bomb: The Loyalty Case of Harald U. Sverdrup

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oreskes, Naomi; Rainger, Ronald

In the summer of 1941, Harald Sverdrup, the Norwegian-born Director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) in La Jolla, California, was denied security clearance to work on Navy-sponsored research in underwater acoustics applied to anti-submarine warfare. The clearance denial embarrassed the world renown oceanographer and Arctic explorer, who repeatedly offered his services to the U.S. government only to see scientists of far lesser reputation called upon to aid the war effort. The official story of Sverdrup's denial was the risk of blackmail over relatives in occupied Norway. Declassified documents tell a different story. Although Sverdrup's integrity was defended on the highest levels of U.S. science, doubt was cast upon him by members of his own institution, who accused him of being a Nazi sympathiser. Personal distrust, rooted in scientific and intellectual disagreement, spilled over into questions about Sverdrup's loyalty and judgement. These doubts were considered sufficient grounds for withholding clearance, until Roger Revelle, a former student of Sverdrup now working within the Navy, was able to obtain a limited clearance for Sverdrup to develop techniques to forecast surf conditions during amphibious assaults. After the war, this work was credited with saving many lives, but at the time it placed Sverdrup out of the mainstream of Navy-sponsored oceanographic research. In being denied access to major areas of scientific work, Sverdrup's position as a leader of American oceanography was undermined. The loyalty case of Harald Sverdrup illustrates the emergence of an institutional apparatus through which the U.S. military began to control and shape the organisation of American science in the twentieth century. Military sponsorship of scientific research, begun during the open conflicts of World War II and continuing into the simmering tensions of the Cold War, involved explicit control by the U.S. military of who had access to critical information

Underwater Web Work

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wighting, Mervyn J.; Lucking, Robert A.; Christmann, Edwin P.

2004-01-01

Teachers search for ways to enhance oceanography units in the classroom. There are many online resources available to help one explore the mysteries of the deep. This article describes a collection of Web sites on this topic appropriate for middle level classrooms.

Ecosystem Effects of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation

EPA Science Inventory

Multidecadal variability in the Atlantic Ocean and its importance to the Earth’s climate system has been the subject of study in the physical oceanography field for decades. Only recently, however, has the importance of this variability, termed the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillati...

Marine Science Careers. A Sea Grant Guide to Ocean Opportunities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maine Univ., Orono.

This document, which is intended for high school students who are considering a marine science career, contains 38 profiles of individuals employed in one of the following occupations: marine biologist, environmental educator, fishery biologist, marine ecologist, aquaculture microbiologist, geological oceanography, environmental consultant, ocean…

U.S. Federal Agency Implementation Overviews.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Library Hi Tech, 1995

1995-01-01

Describes roles of eight federal agencies in the Global Change Data and Information System (GCDIS) that will gather information concerning natural resources, agriculture and forestry, climate, earth science and geophysics, oceanography, defense issues, energy and atmospheric concerns, land management, environmental pollution, aeronautics and…

Student Enrollment in Geoscience Departments. 1982-1983.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Geological Inst., Washington, DC.

Presented in table format are student enrollment data for geoscience disciplines at colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. Subfields for both countries include: geology; geophysics; oceanography; marine science; geological engineering; geophysical engineering; geochemistry; hydrology; mineralogy; paleontology; soil science;…

ECOHAB - HYDROGRAPHY AND BIOLOGY TO PROVIDE INFORMATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A MODEL TO PREDICT THE INITIATION, MAINTANENCE AND DISPERSAL OF RED TIDE ON THE WEST COAST OF FLORIDA

EPA Science Inventory

This program is part of a larger program called ECOHAB: Florida that includes this study as well as physical oceanography, circulation patterns, and shelf scale modeling for predicting the occurrence and transport of Karenia brevis (=Gymnodinium breve) red tides. The physical par...

Natural Resources Technologies: A Suggested Post High School Program Development Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Soles, Robert L.

This post high school program development guide considers the following natural resources technological areas: air pollution control, forest, rangeland, minerals and mineral fuels, geological, outdoor recreation, soil, urban-regional planning, landscape, water, wastewater, oceanography, wildlife, fish, and marine life. Within each area, the…

Environmental Influences on Diel Calling Behavior in Baleen Whales

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-30

small copepods (e.g., Oithona spp.) to large euphausiids (e.g., Meganyctiphanes norvegica). Sampling will occur during both day and night to assess...vocalization rates and the vertical migration of their copepod prey observed from ocean gliders. Limnology and Oceanography 53:2197-2209

46 CFR 169.107 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... now or hereafter amended. Recognized Classification Society means the American Bureau of Shipping or other classification society recognized by the Commandant. Rules of the Road means the statutory and... operation and the sea, including seamanship, navigation, oceanography, other nautical and marine sciences...

46 CFR 169.107 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... now or hereafter amended. Recognized Classification Society means the American Bureau of Shipping or other classification society recognized by the Commandant. Rules of the Road means the statutory and... operation and the sea, including seamanship, navigation, oceanography, other nautical and marine sciences...

46 CFR 169.107 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... now or hereafter amended. Recognized Classification Society means the American Bureau of Shipping or other classification society recognized by the Commandant. Rules of the Road means the statutory and... operation and the sea, including seamanship, navigation, oceanography, other nautical and marine sciences...

46 CFR 169.107 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... now or hereafter amended. Recognized Classification Society means the American Bureau of Shipping or other classification society recognized by the Commandant. Rules of the Road means the statutory and... operation and the sea, including seamanship, navigation, oceanography, other nautical and marine sciences...

Sea Floor off San Diego, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dartnell, Peter; Gibbons, Helen

2009-01-01

Ocean-floor image generated from multibeam-bathymetry data acquired by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; California State University, Monterey Bay; and Fugro Pelagos. To learn more, visit http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2007/2959/.

Thin laser light sheet microscope for microbial oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fuchs, Eran; Jaffe, Jules S.; Long, Richard A.; Azam, Farooq

2002-01-01

Despite a growing need, oceanographers are limited by existing technological constrains and are unable to observe aquatic microbes in their natural setting. In order to provide a simple and easy to implement solution for such studies, a new Thin Light Sheet Microscope (TLSM) has been developed. The TLSM utilizes a well-defined sheet of laser light, which has a narrow (23 micron) axial dimension over a 1 mm x 1 mm field of view. This light sheet is positioned precisely within the depth of field of the microscope’s objective lens. The technique thus utilizes conventional microscope optics but replaces the illumination system. The advantages of the TLSM are two-fold: First, it concentrates light only where excitation is needed, thus maximizing the efficiency of the illumination source. Secondly, the TLSM maximizes image sharpness while at the same time minimizing the level of background noise. Particles that are not located within the objective's depth of field are not illuminated and therefore do not contribute to an out-of-focus image. Images from a prototype system that used SYBR Green I fluorescence stain in order to localize single bacteria are reported. The bacteria were in a relatively large and undisturbed volume of 4ml, which contained natural seawater. The TLSM can be used for fresh water studies of bacteria with no modification. The microscope permits the observation of interactions at the microscale and has potential to yield insights into how microbes structure pelagic ecosystems.

(abstract) TOPEX/Poseidon: Four Years of Synoptic Oceanography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fu, Lee-Lueng

1996-01-01

Exceeding all expectations of measurement precision and accuracy, the US/France TOPEX/Poseidon satellite mission is now in its 5th year. Returning more than 98 percent of the altimetric data, the measured global geocentric height of the sea surface has provided unprecedented opportunities to address a host of scientific problems ranging from the dynamics of ocean circulation to the distribution of internal tidal energy. Scientific highlights of this longest-running altimetric satellite mission include improvements in our understanding of the dynamics and thermodynamics of the large-scale ocean variability, such as, the properties of planetary waves; the energetics of basin-wide gyres; the heat budget of the ocean; and the ocean's response to wind forcing. For the first time, oceanographers have quantitative descriptions of a dynamic variable of the physical state of the global oceans available in near-real-time.

Under Pressure: A Study of Issues in Oceanography

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Payne, Diana

2006-01-01

The world's greatest cities and centers of civilization arose near or along major waterways providing access to the sea. Many people, no matter where they live, find the ocean and the life associated with it a fascinating topic. Although the ocean is characterized by high taxonomic diversity (over 90% of the animal phyla are represented in the…

The oceanography and ecology of the Ross Sea.

PubMed

Smith, Walker O; Ainley, David G; Arrigo, Kevin R; Dinniman, Michael S

2014-01-01

The continental shelf of the Ross Sea exhibits substantial variations in physical forcing, ice cover, and biological processes on a variety of time and space scales. Its circulation is characterized by advective inputs from the east and exchanges with off-shelf regions via the troughs along the northern portions. Phytoplankton biomass is greater there than anywhere else in the Antarctic, although nitrate is rarely reduced to levels below 10 μmol L(-1). Overall growth is regulated by irradiance (via ice at the surface and by the depths of the mixed layers) and iron concentrations. Apex predators reach exceptional abundances, and the world's largest colonies of Adélie and emperor penguins are found there. Krill are represented by two species (Euphausia superba near the shelf break and Euphausia crystallorophias throughout the continental shelf region). Equally important and poorly known is the Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum), which is also consumed by most upper-trophic-level predators. Future changes in the Ross Sea environment will have profound and unpredictable effects on the food web.

Magma oceanography. I - Thermal evolution. [of lunar surface

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Solomon, S. C.; Longhi, J.

1977-01-01

Fractional crystallization and flotation of cumulate plagioclase in a cooling 'magma ocean' provides the simplest explanation for early emplacement of a thick feldspar-rich lunar crust. The complementary mafic cumulates resulting from the differentiation of such a magma ocean have been identified as the ultimate source of mare basalt liquids on the basis or rare-earth abundance patterns and experimental petrology studies. A study is conducted concerning the thermal evolution of the early differentiation processes. A range of models of increasing sophistication are considered. The models developed contain the essence of the energetics and the time scale for magma ocean differentiation. Attention is given to constraints on a magma ocean, modeling procedures, single-component magma oceans, fractionating magma oceans, and evolving magma oceans.

Bridging the gap between observational oceanography and users

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eschenbach, Christiane A.

2017-02-01

In order to ensure relevance and societal impact of research and to meet the various requirements of different target groups, the Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas (COSYNA) developed and pursued a broad range of activities for knowledge transfer and stakeholder interaction. Potential user groups of data and data products include (but are not limited to) science, administration, renewable energies, engineering, tourism, and nature conservation. COSYNA data and data products are publicly accessible and available free of charge via the Internet (data portal; www.cosyna.de). The stakeholder interaction is integrated into the COSYNA product life cycle outlined here and the steps undertaken are exemplified for the product Surface Current Fields in the German Bight. Initial surveys revealed COSYNA's potential relevance in the national and international context. After the technological and mathematical realization of high-quality parameter fields, external experts evaluated the scientific value, informational value, innovative leap, cost/benefit aspects, operability, etc., of the data products. In order to improve products and their usability and to pave the way for future co-operation, interviews and workshops with potential users from the offshore wind energy industry were conducted. The stakeholder interaction process was successful, revealing relevant insights into user demands and usability of (possible) products. Analysis of data download provided some evidence for impact beyond academia. Other criteria for the increasingly demanded evaluation of the impact of coastal research are discussed. By sharing first-hand experiences, this study contributes to the emerging knowledge on integration of science and end users.

Coastal Oceanography in the Beaufort Sea, Summer 1985.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-07-01

Laboratory University of Washington Li -- and 1: R. K. Perry The Arctic Submarine Laboratory Naval Ocean Systems Center 1. . .. DT IC .ELECTE J 27 V...Applied Physics Laboratory Arctic Submarine Laboratory University of Washington Naval Ocean Systems Center Seattle, Washington 98105 San Diego, California...Becker and G. R. Garrison N The Applied Physics Laboratory University of Washington and R. K. Perry The Arctic Submarine Laboratory Naval Ocean Systems

Marine Biology and Oceanography, Grades Seven and Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kolb, James A.

This unit, one of a series designed to develop and foster an understanding of the marine environment, presents marine science activities for students in grades 7 and 8. The unit, focusing on life in the sea and the physical factors which influence that life, is divided into sections dealing with: (1) the theory of plate tectonics; (2) ocean floor…

European initiatives to develop information systems in oceanography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Le Grand, P.

2009-04-01

Various initiatives are currently in preparation or ongoing at the European level to improve information systems in Earth Sciences and oceanographic systems are at the forefront of these efforts. Europe is playing a leading role in the Group on Earth Observation (GEO) that aims to implement the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). The GEO Architecture and Data Committee, oversees the development of the GEOSS Common Infrastructure (GCI) which consists of a web-based portal, a clearinghouse for searching data, information and services, registries containing information about GEOSS components and associated standards and best practices. This development is detailed in the various tasks of the GEO Work Plan . Several European projects in the marine domain funded under the research framework program participate in the development of the GEOSS. EMODNET is another initiative to develop a system that will allow a better identification and access to marine data that are being collected, that will permit the identification of data gaps and that will shape a data collection and monitoring infrastructure directly suited to multiple applications. A number of measures have already been taken at EU level - the INSPIRE Directive obliges Member States to facilitate discovery of data holdings, the Environmental Information Directive requires them to release the data when asked, the Public Sector Information Directive facilitates the re-use of public data and the revised Data Collection Regulation has improved the availability of fisheries data. Moreover, prototype marine data catalogues and quality procedures for measurement laboratories have been developed through successive EU research programmes. EMODNET is complementary to other EU initiatives in the marine domain. Parameters made available through EMODNET will facilitate the GMES marine core service which aims to deliver both short term and seasonal forecasts, hindcasts, nowcasts, and time series and climate change scenario simulations. EMODNET will provide the access to raw and processed data necessary to calculate the indicators that Member States are obliged to provide through WISE-Marine to meet the requirements of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Moving to the definitive EMODNET will require significant funding. Given that EMODNET is very much focused on a sea-basin scale and given the impetus accorded to territorial cohesion by the EU maritime policy, discussions will begin to determine whether cohesion funding could support the initiative. At the same time moves will begin to integrate EMODNET with initiatives under the EU's research infrastructure programmes and the Common Fisheries Policy Data Collection Regulation. The objective is to achieve by 2014 an operational and sustainable EMODNET with earmarked funding and an agreed governance structure.

Current Research Activities of the Department of Oceanography.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-04-01

being analyzed in terms of the structure of the East Pacific A multi-institutional investi- Rise at 12* N and the change in crus- gation on the abundance...seismic experiment at the axis of the East Pacific Rise . Marine Geology 35: 147-169. No. 1090 McDaniel, N . and K. Banse (1979) A novel method of...proceeded eastward from Tahiti ducted off the Oregon and Washington to the East Pacific Rise area, then coasts. In late August a return back to Tahiti. On

The James Melville Gilliss Library - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

Librarian Search - URANIA SAO/NASA ADS Library Collections Historical Photos, Artwork, Objects Library Astrophysical Data System (ADS) Search the SAO/NASA Astrophysical Data System (ADS) Library Collections Recently

USNO CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC) - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

are here: Home › USNO › Astrometry › Optical/IR Products › UCAC USNO Logo USNO Navigation Optical/IR Products NOMAD UCAC URAT USNO-B1.0 Double Stars Solar System Bodies USNO Image and Catalog 2MASS near-IR photometry (as in previous releases) UCAC4 now includes APASS 5-band photometry. The APASS

Seismic Oceanography's Failure to Flourish: A Possible Solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruddick, B. R.

2018-01-01

A recent paper in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans used multichannel seismic observations to map estimates of internal wave mixing in the Gulf of Mexico, finding greatly enhanced mixing over the slope region. These results suggest that the ocean margins may supply the mixing required to close the global thermohaline circulation, and the techniques demonstrated here might be used to map mixing over much of the world's continental shelves. The use of multichannel seismics to image ocean phenomena is nearly 15 years old, and despite the initial promise, the techniques have not become as broadly used as initially expected. We discuss possible reasons for this, and suggest an alternative approach that might gain broader success.

The Oceanography and Ecology of the Ross Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Walker O.; Ainley, David G.; Arrigo, Kevin R.; Dinniman, Michael S.

2014-01-01

The continental shelf of the Ross Sea exhibits substantial variations in physical forcing, ice cover, and biological processes on a variety of time and space scales. Its circulation is characterized by advective inputs from the east and exchanges with off-shelf regions via the troughs along the northern portions. Phytoplankton biomass is greater there than anywhere else in the Antarctic, although nitrate is rarely reduced to levels below 10 μmol L-1. Overall growth is regulated by irradiance (via ice at the surface and by the depths of the mixed layers) and iron concentrations. Apex predators reach exceptional abundances, and the world's largest colonies of Adélie and emperor penguins are found there. Krill are represented by two species (Euphausia superba near the shelf break and Euphausia crystallorophias throughout the continental shelf region). Equally important and poorly known is the Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum), which is also consumed by most upper-trophic-level predators. Future changes in the Ross Sea environment will have profound and unpredictable effects on the food web.

Kick-off symposium series to help New Ph.D.s is a success

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chernys, Michael; Roughan, Moninya

The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) recently sponsored the first of what is expected to be many symposia to be held every couple of years to help new scientists begin their research careers. The inaugural dissertation symposium, Physical Oceanography Dissertation Symposium I (PODS I), provided a forum for new Ph.D.s and doctoral candidates soon to receive their degrees in physical oceanography or a related field, to discuss science and forge future professional relationships. The next symposium is expected to be in October 2003, in Hawaii, in concert with the Dissertation Symposium for Chemical Oceanographers (DISCO); information to be posted at http://spars.aibs.org/pods/. Applications from prospective participants were sought internationally, with the sponsoring agencies and coordinators advertising by e-mail, through personal communication with established researchers, and by informing degree-granting institutions in the related fields.

The Equations of Oceanic Motions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Müller, Peter

2006-10-01

Modeling and prediction of oceanographic phenomena and climate is based on the integration of dynamic equations. The Equations of Oceanic Motions derives and systematically classifies the most common dynamic equations used in physical oceanography, from large scale thermohaline circulations to those governing small scale motions and turbulence. After establishing the basic dynamical equations that describe all oceanic motions, M|ller then derives approximate equations, emphasizing the assumptions made and physical processes eliminated. He distinguishes between geometric, thermodynamic and dynamic approximations and between the acoustic, gravity, vortical and temperature-salinity modes of motion. Basic concepts and formulae of equilibrium thermodynamics, vector and tensor calculus, curvilinear coordinate systems, and the kinematics of fluid motion and wave propagation are covered in appendices. Providing the basic theoretical background for graduate students and researchers of physical oceanography and climate science, this book will serve as both a comprehensive text and an essential reference.

Technologies for Online Data Management of Oceanographic Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zodiatis, G.; Hayes, D.; Karaolia, A.; Stylianou, S.; Nikolaidis, A.; Constantinou, I.; Michael, S.; Galanis, G.; Georgiou, G.

2012-04-01

The need for efficient and effective on line data management is greatly recognized today by the marine research community. The Cyprus Oceanography Center at the University of Cyprus, realizing this need, is continuously working in this area and has developed a variety of data management and visualization tools which are currently utilized for both the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Bythos, CYCOFOS and LAS server are three different systems employed by the Oceanography Center, each one dealing with different data sets and processes. Bythos is a rich internet application that combines the latest technologies and enables scientists to search, visualize and download climatological oceanographic data with capabilities of being applied worldwide. CYCOFOS is an operational coastal ocean forecasting and observing system which provides in near real time predictions for sea currents, hydrological characteristics, waves, swells and tides, remote sensing and in-situ data from various remote observing platforms in the Mediterranean Sea, the EEZ and the coastal areas of Cyprus. LAS (Live Access Server) is deployed to present distributed various types of data sets as a unified virtual data base through the use of OpenDap networking. It is first applied for providing an integrated, high resolution system for monitoring the energy potential from sea waves in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Cyprus and the Eastern Mediterranean Levantine Basin. This paper presents the aforementioned technologies as currently adopted by the Cyprus Oceanography Center and describes their utilization that supports both the research and operational activities in the Mediterranean.

What's New in the Ocean in Google Earth and Maps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Austin, J.; Sandwell, D. T.

2014-12-01

Jenifer Austin, Jamie Adams, Kurt Schwehr, Brian Sullivan, David Sandwell2, Walter Smith3, Vicki Ferrini4, and Barry Eakins5, 1 Google Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California, USA 2 University of California-San Diego, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, California ,USA3 NOAA Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry, College Park, Maryland, USA4 Lamont Doherty, Columbia University5 NOAAMore than two-thirds of Earth is covered by oceans. On the almost 6 year anniversary of launching an explorable ocean seafloor in Google Earth and Maps, we updated our global underwater terrain dataset in partnership with Lamont-Doherty at Columbia, the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and NOAA. With this update to our ocean map, we'll reveal an additional 2% of the ocean in high resolution representing 2 years of work by Columbia, pulling in data from numerous institutions including the Campeche Escarpment in the Gulf of Mexico in partnership with Charlie Paul at MBARI and the Schmidt Ocean Institute. The Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UCSD has curated 30 years of data from more than 8,000 ship cruises and 135 different institutions to reveal 15 percent of the seafloor at 1 km resolution. In addition, explore new data from an automated pipeline built to make updates to our Ocean Map more scalable in partnership with NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center (link to http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/) and the University of Colorado CIRES program (link to http://cires.colorado.edu/index.html).

Honors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2012-10-01

Many AGU members are among the American Meteorological Society's (AMS) 2013 honorary members, awardees, lecturers, and fellows. Among the AMS honorary members is Susan Solomon, the Ellen Swallow Richards Professor of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Dennis Hartmann, of the University of Washington, Seattle, is the recipient of AMS's Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal “for significant contributions to the synthesis of knowledge of radiative and dynamical processes leading to a deeper understanding of the climate system.” R. Alan Plumb, professor of meteorology at MIT, receives the Jule G. Charney Award “for fundamental contributions to the understanding of geophysical fluid dynamics, stratospheric dynamics, chemical transport, and the general circulation of the atmosphere and oceans.” The Verner E. Suomi Award has been given to Richard Johnson, professor of atmospheric science at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, “for exquisite design of rawinsonde networks in field campaigns and insightful analysis of interactions between convective clouds and the largescale atmospheric circulation.” W. Kendall Melville, professor of oceanography at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, has been awarded the Sverdrup Gold Medal Award “for pioneering contributions in advancing knowledge on the role of surface wave breaking and related processes in air-sea interaction.” AMS announced that Laurence Armi, also a professor of oceanography at Scripps, is recipient of the Henry Stommel Research Award “for his deeply insightful studies of stratified flow, his pioneering work on boundary mixing and other turbulent mechanisms.”

Topex: Observing the Oceans from Space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

Measurement of global ocean topography by a radar altimeter aboard the TOPEX satellite is discussed. Technical aspects of satellite altimetry as they pertain to the measurement of ocean circulation are described. The TOPEX mission is explained and a general history of oceanography is included.

A Comparative Model of Field Investigations: Aligning School Science Inquiry with the Practices of Contemporary Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Windschitl, Mark; Dvornich, Karen; Ryken, Amy E.; Tudor, Margaret; Koehler, Gary

2007-01-01

Field investigations are not characterized by randomized and manipulated control group experiments; however, most school science and high-stakes tests recognize only this paradigm of investigation. Scientists in astronomy, genetics, field biology, oceanography, geology, and meteorology routinely select naturally occurring events and conditions and…