Low and Declining Risk for Malaria in Visitors to Indonesia: A Review of Local Indonesian and European Travelers' Data and a Suggestion for New Prophylactic Guidelines.

PubMed

Johansson Århem, Katarina M; Gysin, Nicole; Nielsen, Henrik V; Surya, Asik; Hellgren, Urban

2015-01-01

The world's malaria map is constantly changing and with it the risk for travelers to contract malaria. While some efforts to appreciate the malaria situation for indigenous populations in Indonesia have been made recently, there is only sparse data in the literature on the risk for travelers to Indonesia. Data were collected from the Indonesian Ministry of Health (MoH), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Indonesian official statistics website Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), and from the different European national surveillance bodies. Finally, a comparison between recent official guidelines for prevention of malaria in travelers from Germany, the United States, the UK, and from WHO was done. Data from Denmark, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland show a steady decline of imported cases of malaria from Indonesia from 1997 to 2013, with a leveling off during the last few years. In our study material, the Plasmodium falciparum incidence 2009 to 2013 was 0.35 cases per 100,000 visits and the Plasmodium vivax incidence 1.3 cases per 100,000 visits, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.1-0.9 and 0.7-2.2, respectively. Indonesian data also show a decline of malaria cases-the Annual Parasite Index (API) for all species of malaria has decreased from 4.68 cases per 1,000 inhabitants in 1990 to 1.38 cases per 1,000 inhabitants in 2013. Based on these data updated recommendations for malaria prophylaxis in travelers to Indonesia are suggested. © 2015 International Society of Travel Medicine.

The Completion of Non-Steady-State Queue Model on The Queue System in Dr. Yap Eye Hospital Yogyakarta

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Helmi Manggala Putri, Arum; Subekti, Retno; Binatari, Nikenasih

2017-06-01

Dr Yap Eye Hospital Yogyakarta is one of the most popular reference eye hospitals in Yogyakarta. There are so many patients coming from other cities and many of them are BPJS (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial, Social Security Administrative Bodies) patients. Therefore, it causes numerous BPJS patients were in long queue at counter C of the registration section so that it needs to be analysed using queue system. Queue system analysis aims to give queue model overview and determine its effectiveness measure. The data collecting technique used in this research are by interview and observation. After getting the arrival data and the service data of BPJS patients per 5 minutes, the next steps are investigating steady-state condition, examining the Poisson distribution, determining queue models, and counting the effectiveness measure. Based on the result of data observation on Tuesday, February 16th, 2016, it shows that the queue system at counter C has (M/M/1):(GD/∞/∞) queue model. The analysis result in counter C shows that the queue system is a non-steady-state condition. Three ways to cope a non-steady-state problem on queue system are proposed in this research such as bounding the capacity of queue system, adding the servers, and doing Monte Carlo simulation. The queue system in counter C will reach steady-state if the capacity of patients is not more than 52 BPJS patients or adding one more server. By using Monte Carlo simulation, it shows that the effectiveness measure of the average waiting time for BPJS patients in counter C is 36 minutes 65 seconds. In addition, the average queue length of BPJS patients is 11 patients.

Vertical deformation at western part of Sumatra

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Febriyani, Caroline, E-mail: caroline.fanuel@students.itb.ac.id; Prijatna, Kosasih, E-mail: prijatna@gd.itb.ac.id; Meilano, Irwan, E-mail: irwan.meilano@gd.itb.ac.id

2015-04-24

This research tries to make advancement in GPS signal processing to estimate the interseismic vertical deformation field at western part of Sumatra Island. The data derived by Continuous Global Positioning System (CGPS) from Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) between 2010 and 2012. GPS Analyze at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (GAMIT) software and Global Kalman Filter (GLOBK) software are used to process the GPS signal to estimate the vertical velocities of the CGPS station. In order to minimize noise due to atmospheric delay, Vienna Mapping Function 1 (VMF1) is used as atmospheric parameter model and include daily IONEX file provided by themore » Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) as well. It improves GAMIT daily position accuracy up to 0.8 mm. In a second step of processing, the GLOBK is used in order to estimate site positions and velocities in the ITRF08 reference frame. The result shows that the uncertainties of estimated displacement velocity at all CGPS stations are smaller than 1.5 mm/yr. The subsided deformation patterns are seen at the northern and southern part of west Sumatra. The vertical deformation at northern part of west Sumatra indicates postseismic phase associated with the 2010 and 2012 Northern Sumatra earthquakes and also the long-term postseismic associated with the 2004 and 2005 Northern Sumatra earthquakes. The uplifted deformation patterns are seen from Bukit Tinggi to Seblat which indicate a long-term interseismic phase after the 2007 Bengkulu earthquake and 2010 Mentawai earthquake. GANO station shows a subsidence at rate 12.25 mm/yr, indicating the overriding Indo-Australia Plate which is dragged down by the subducting Southeast Asian Plate.« less

Exposure assessment of radon in the drinking water supplies: a descriptive study in Palestine

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Radon gas is considered as a main risk factor for lung cancer and found naturally in rock, soil, and water. The objective of this study was to determine the radon level in the drinking water sources in Nablus city in order to set up a sound policy on water management in Palestine. Methods This was a descriptive study carried out in two phases with a random sampling technique in the second phase. Primarily, samples were taken from 4 wells and 5 springs that supplied Nablus city residents. For each source, 3 samples were taken and each was analyzed in 4 cycles by RAD 7 device manufactured by Durridge Company. Secondly, from the seven regions of the Nablus city, three samples were taken from the residential tap water of each region. Regarding the old city, ten samples were taken. Finally, the mean radon concentration value for each source was calculated. Results The mean (range) concentration of radon in the main sources were 6.9 (1.5-23.4) Becquerel/liter (Bq/L). Separately, springs and wells' means were 4.6 Bq/L and 9.5 Bq/L; respectively. For the residential tap water in the 7 regions, the results of the mean (range) concentration values were found to be 1.0 (0.9-1.3) Bq/L. For the old city, the mean (range) concentration values were 2.3 (0.9-3.9) Bq/L. Conclusions Except for Al-Badan well, radon concentrations in the wells and springs were below the United State Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminated level (U.S EPA MCL). The level was much lower for tap water. Although the concentration of radon in the tap water of old city were below the MCL, it was higher than other regions in the city. Preventive measures and population awareness on radon's exposure are recommended. PMID:22243625

Oceanography of the Eastern Pacific—an introduction to volume III

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Färber-Lorda, Jaime

2004-03-01

In 1998, the Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior (CICESE) celebrated its 25th anniversary, which was the occasion to start the series of colloquia that take place every 2 years, the Coloquio Sobre la Oceanografía del Pacifico Oriental, in Ensenada. Two volumes were published in 2000 (Färber-Lorda, 2000) and in 2002 (Färber-Lorda, 2002), with some of the papers presented during the events. CICESE supported the edition of the first two volumes, as well as the meetings. The papers of this present volume were presented during the III Coloquio Sobre la Oceanografía del Pacifico Oriental. A special volume concerning different aspects of the consequences in México of the 1997-1998 El Niño/La Niña 1998-1999, was recently published in México (Badan et al., 2003); however, it is not restricted to the Pacific nor only to oceanography. The Eastern Pacific encompasses a very wide range of different biotic and abiotic conditions. Papers on topics from Alaska, to the Chilean Fjords of southern Chile, and from the Gulf of California to the 180° meridian, around the equator, are presented (see Fig. 1). Even if unity in the subjects is impossible to achieve, the information is important to assess the research performed in the area. Here, we give a brief description of the papers presented. Some general discussion is possible and some common features of phenomena like El Niño and La Niña, and the 1998/1999 regime-shift of the North Pacific, are exposed. For the first time a special volume is dedicated to this area, instead of a particular topic.

Nested generalized linear mixed model with ordinal response: Simulation and application on poverty data in Java Island

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Widyaningsih, Yekti; Saefuddin, Asep; Notodiputro, Khairil A.; Wigena, Aji H.

2012-05-01

The objective of this research is to build a nested generalized linear mixed model using an ordinal response variable with some covariates. There are three main jobs in this paper, i.e. parameters estimation procedure, simulation, and implementation of the model for the real data. At the part of parameters estimation procedure, concepts of threshold, nested random effect, and computational algorithm are described. The simulations data are built for 3 conditions to know the effect of different parameter values of random effect distributions. The last job is the implementation of the model for the data about poverty in 9 districts of Java Island. The districts are Kuningan, Karawang, and Majalengka chose randomly in West Java; Temanggung, Boyolali, and Cilacap from Central Java; and Blitar, Ngawi, and Jember from East Java. The covariates in this model are province, number of bad nutrition cases, number of farmer families, and number of health personnel. In this modeling, all covariates are grouped as ordinal scale. Unit observation in this research is sub-district (kecamatan) nested in district, and districts (kabupaten) are nested in province. For the result of simulation, ARB (Absolute Relative Bias) and RRMSE (Relative Root of mean square errors) scale is used. They show that prov parameters have the highest bias, but more stable RRMSE in all conditions. The simulation design needs to be improved by adding other condition, such as higher correlation between covariates. Furthermore, as the result of the model implementation for the data, only number of farmer family and number of medical personnel have significant contributions to the level of poverty in Central Java and East Java province, and only district 2 (Karawang) of province 1 (West Java) has different random effect from the others. The source of the data is PODES (Potensi Desa) 2008 from BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik).

Exposure assessment of radon in the drinking water supplies: a descriptive study in Palestine.

PubMed

Al Zabadi, Hamzeh; Musmar, Samar; Issa, Shaza; Dwaikat, Nidal; Saffarini, Ghassan

2012-01-13

Radon gas is considered as a main risk factor for lung cancer and found naturally in rock, soil, and water. The objective of this study was to determine the radon level in the drinking water sources in Nablus city in order to set up a sound policy on water management in Palestine. This was a descriptive study carried out in two phases with a random sampling technique in the second phase. Primarily, samples were taken from 4 wells and 5 springs that supplied Nablus city residents. For each source, 3 samples were taken and each was analyzed in 4 cycles by RAD 7 device manufactured by Durridge Company. Secondly, from the seven regions of the Nablus city, three samples were taken from the residential tap water of each region. Regarding the old city, ten samples were taken. Finally, the mean radon concentration value for each source was calculated. The mean (range) concentration of radon in the main sources were 6.9 (1.5-23.4) Becquerel/liter (Bq/L). Separately, springs and wells' means were 4.6 Bq/L and 9.5 Bq/L; respectively. For the residential tap water in the 7 regions, the results of the mean (range) concentration values were found to be 1.0 (0.9-1.3) Bq/L. For the old city, the mean (range) concentration values were 2.3 (0.9-3.9) Bq/L. Except for Al-Badan well, radon concentrations in the wells and springs were below the United State Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminated level (U.S EPA MCL). The level was much lower for tap water. Although the concentration of radon in the tap water of old city were below the MCL, it was higher than other regions in the city. Preventive measures and population awareness on radon's exposure are recommended.

The 26 May 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake fault observed by seismic data and satellite data based surface features

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anggraini, Ade; Sobiesiak, Monika; Walter, Thomas R.

2010-05-01

The Mw 6.3 May 26, 2006 Yogyakarta Earthquake caused severe damage and claimed thousands lives in the Yogyakarta Special Province and Klaten District of Central Java Province. The nearby Opak River fault was thought to be the source of this earthquake disaster. However, no significant surface movement was observed along the fault which could confirm that this fault was really the source of the earthquake. To investigate the earthquake source and to understand the earthquake mechanism, a rapid response team of the German Task Force for Earthquake, together with the Seismological Division of Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika and Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta, had installed a temporary seismic network of 12 short period seismometers. More than 3000 aftershocks were recorded during the 3-month campaign. Here we present the result of several hundred processed aftershocks. We used integrated software package GIANTPitsa to pick P and S phases manually and HYPO71 to determine the hypocenters. HypoDD software was used for hypocenters relocation to obtain high precision aftershock locations. Our aftershock distribution shows a system of lineaments in southwest-northeast direction, about 10 km east to Opak River fault, at 5-18 km depth. The b-value map from the aftershocks shows that the main lineaments have relatively low b-value at the middle part which suggests this part is still under stress. We also observe several aftershock clusters cutting these lineaments in nearly perpendicular direction. To verify the interpretation of our aftershocks analysis, we will overlay it on surface feature we delineate from satellite data. Hopefully our result will give significant contribution to understand the near surface fault systems around Yogyakarta Area in order to mitigate similar earthquake hazard in the future.

Fluorescence Intensity- and Lifetime-Based Glucose Sensing Using Glucose/Galactose-Binding Protein

PubMed Central

Pickup, John C.; Khan, Faaizah; Zhi, Zheng-Liang; Coulter, Jonathan; Birch, David J. S.

2013-01-01

We review progress in our laboratories toward developing in vivo glucose sensors for diabetes that are based on fluorescence labeling of glucose/galactose-binding protein. Measurement strategies have included both monitoring glucose-induced changes in fluorescence resonance energy transfer and labeling with the environmentally sensitive fluorophore, badan. Measuring fluorescence lifetime rather than intensity has particular potential advantages for in vivo sensing. A prototype fiber-optic-based glucose sensor using this technology is being tested.Fluorescence technique is one of the major solutions for achieving the continuous and noninvasive glucose sensor for diabetes. In this article, a highly sensitive nanostructured sensor is developed to detect extremely small amounts of aqueous glucose by applying fluorescence energy transfer (FRET). A one-pot method is applied to produce the dextran-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugating mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), which afterward interact with the tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)-labeled concanavalin A (Con A) to form the FRET nanoparticles (FITC-dextran-Con A-TRITC@MSNs). The nanostructured glucose sensor is then formed via the self-assembly of the FRET nanoparticles on a transparent, flexible, and biocompatible substrate, e.g., poly(dimethylsiloxane). Our results indicate the diameter of the MSNs is 60 ± 5 nm. The difference in the images before and after adding 20 μl of glucose (0.10 mmol/liter) on the FRET sensor can be detected in less than 2 min by the laser confocal laser scanning microscope. The correlation between the ratio of fluorescence intensity, I(donor)/I(acceptor), of the FRET sensor and the concentration of aqueous glucose in the range of 0.04–4 mmol/liter has been investigated; a linear relationship is found. Furthermore, the durability of the nanostructured FRET sensor is evaluated for 5 days. In addition, the recorded images can be converted to digital images by

Accuration of Time Series and Spatial Interpolation Method for Prediction of Precipitation Distribution on the Geographical Information System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prasetyo, S. Y. J.; Hartomo, K. D.

2018-01-01

The Spatial Plan of the Province of Central Java 2009-2029 identifies that most regencies or cities in Central Java Province are very vulnerable to landslide disaster. The data are also supported by other data from Indonesian Disaster Risk Index (In Indonesia called Indeks Risiko Bencana Indonesia) 2013 that suggest that some areas in Central Java Province exhibit a high risk of natural disasters. This research aims to develop an application architecture and analysis methodology in GIS to predict and to map rainfall distribution. We propose our GIS architectural application of “Multiplatform Architectural Spatiotemporal” and data analysis methods of “Triple Exponential Smoothing” and “Spatial Interpolation” as our significant scientific contribution. This research consists of 2 (two) parts, namely attribute data prediction using TES method and spatial data prediction using Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) method. We conduct our research in 19 subdistricts in the Boyolali Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Our main research data is the biweekly rainfall data in 2000-2016 Climatology, Meteorology, and Geophysics Agency (In Indonesia called Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika) of Central Java Province and Laboratory of Plant Disease Observations Region V Surakarta, Central Java. The application architecture and analytical methodology of “Multiplatform Architectural Spatiotemporal” and spatial data analysis methodology of “Triple Exponential Smoothing” and “Spatial Interpolation” can be developed as a GIS application framework of rainfall distribution for various applied fields. The comparison between the TES and IDW methods show that relative to time series prediction, spatial interpolation exhibit values that are approaching actual. Spatial interpolation is closer to actual data because computed values are the rainfall data of the nearest location or the neighbour of sample values. However, the IDW’s main weakness is that some

Implementation of Zakat on Income Management for Coastal Community Empowerment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mohamad Kasim, Nur

2018-05-01

National Zakah Board or Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) of Gorontalo Province.

Structural Equation Modelling with Three Schemes Estimation of Score Factors on Partial Least Square (Case Study: The Quality Of Education Level SMA/MA in Sumenep Regency)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anekawati, Anik; Widjanarko Otok, Bambang; Purhadi; Sutikno

2017-06-01

Research in education often involves a latent variable. Statistical analysis technique that has the ability to analyze the pattern of relationship among latent variables as well as between latent variables and their indicators is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). SEM partial least square (PLS) was developed as an alternative if these conditions are met: the theory that underlying the design of the model is weak, does not assume a certain scale measurement, the sample size should not be large and the data does not have the multivariate normal distribution. The purpose of this paper is to compare the results of modeling of the educational quality in high school level (SMA/MA) in Sumenep Regency with structural equation modeling approach partial least square with three schemes estimation of score factors. This paper is a result of explanatory research using secondary data from Sumenep Education Department and Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Sumenep which was data of Sumenep in the Figures and the District of Sumenep in the Figures for the year 2015. The unit of observation in this study were districts in Sumenep that consists of 18 districts on the mainland and 9 districts in the islands. There were two endogenous variables and one exogenous variable. Endogenous variables are the quality of education level of SMA/MA (Y1) and school infrastructure (Y2), whereas exogenous variable is socio-economic condition (X1). In this study, There is one improved model which represented by model from path scheme because this model is a consistent, all of its indicators are valid and its the value of R-square increased which is: Y1=0.651Y2. In this model, the quality of education influenced only by the school infrastructure (0.651). The socio-economic condition did not affect neither the school infrastructure nor the quality of education. If the school infrastructure increased 1 point, then the quality of education increased 0.651 point. The quality of education had an R2 of 0

Field based geothermal exploration: Structural controls in the Tarutung Basin/North Central Sumatra (Indonesia)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nukman, M.; Moeck, I.

2012-04-01

two million years due to the increase in sea-floor spreading rate of the Indian-Australian plate. The combination of regional clockwise rotation of Sumatra with local clockwise rotation caused by simple shear along the dextral SFS might generate the complex fault pattern which controls fluid flow of thermal water and placement of hot springs. Acknowledgements : Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst, DAAD. German Ministry for Education and Research, BMBF. Badan Geologi - KESDM Bandung, Indonesia.

The Ongoing Lava Flow Eruption of Sinabung Volcano (Sumatra, Indonesia): Observations from Structure-from-Motion and Satellite Remote Sensing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carr, B. B.; Clarke, A. B.; Arrowsmith, R.; Vanderkluysen, L.

2015-12-01

. We use a pre-eruption DEM of Sinabung provided by the Badan Informasi Geospasial (Indonesia) to identify over 20 older lava flows at Sinabung. The active flow appears to represent a typical eruption of Sinabung, with its length and area similar to previous flows.

Spatial Collaboration Model among Local Governments in Ratubangnegoro Region in the Boundary Area of Central Java and East Java Provinces, Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wahyono, H.; Wahdah, L.

2018-02-01

In Indonesia, according to Law No. 23/2014 on Local Government, a local government can conduct cooperation with other local governments that are based on considerations of efficiency and effectiveness of public services and mutual benefit, in order to improve people's welfare. Such cooperation can be categorized into mandatory and voluntary cooperation. Cooperation shall be developed jointly between the adjacent areas for the implementation of government affairs which have cross-local government externalities; and the provision of public services more efficient if managed together. One of the parts of the area that is directly related to the implementation of the policy liabilities of inter-local government cooperation which is mandated is the he province boundary areas. The public management of the provincial boundary areas is different from the central province area. While the central province area considers only their own interests, the management of boundary development must consider the neighboring regions. On one hand, the area is influenced only by its own province policy, while on the other influenced by neighboring regions. Meanwhile, a local government tends to resist the influence and intervention of neighboring regions. Likewise, neighboring local governments also tend to resist the influence and intervention of other local governments. Therefore, when interacting on the boundary, inter-local government interaction is not only the potential for cooperation, but also conflict-prone regions. One of the boundary area provinces attempt to implement the collaborative planning approach is the boundary area of Central Java Province and East Java Province, which is known as Ratubangnegoro Region. Ratubangnegoro region is one of the strategic areas of both provinces. In order to the interaction between the region could take place, there are regencies in the region have formed and joined the Inter-Local Government Cooperation Agency (BKAD-Badan Kerjasama Antar

The statistical geoportal and the ``cartographic added value'' - creation of the spatial knowledge infrastructure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fiedukowicz, Anna; Gasiorowski, Jedrzej; Kowalski, Paweł; Olszewski, Robert; Pillich-Kolipinska, Agata

2012-11-01

The wide access to source data, published by numerous websites, results in situation, when information acquisition is not a problem any more. The real problem is how to transform information in the useful knowledge. Cartographic method of research, dealing with spatial data, has been serving this purpose for many years. Nowadays, it allows conducting analyses at the high complexity level, thanks to the intense development in IT technologies, The vast majority of analytic methods utilizing the so-called data mining and data enrichment techniques, however, concerns non-spatial data. According to the Authors, utilizing those techniques in spatial data analysis (including analysis based on statistical data with spatial reference), would allow the evolution of the Spatial Information Infrastructure (SII) into the Spatial Knowledge Infrastructure (SKI). The SKI development would benefit from the existence of statistical geoportal. Its proposed functionality, consisting of data analysis as well as visualization, is outlined in the article. The examples of geostatistical analyses (ANOVA and the regression model considering the spatial neighborhood), possible to implement in such portal and allowing to produce the “cartographic added value”, are also presented here. Szeroki dostep do danych zródłowych publikowanych w licznych serwisach internetowych sprawia, iz współczesnie problemem jest nie pozyskanie informacji, lecz umiejetne przekształcenie jej w uzyteczna wiedze. Kartograficzna metoda badan, która od wielu lat słuzy temu celowi w odniesieniu do danych przestrzennych, zyskuje dzis nowe oblicze - pozwala na wykonywanie złozonych analiz dzieki wykorzystaniu intensywnego rozwoju technologii informatycznych. Znaczaca wiekszosc zastosowan metod analitycznych tzw. eksploracyjnej analizy danych (data mining) i ich "wzbogacania” (data enrichment) dotyczy jednakze

Reflection seismic imaging in the volcanic area of the geothermal field Wayang Windu, Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Polom, Ulrich; Wiyono, Wiyono; Pramono, Bambang; Krawczyk, CharLotte M.

2014-05-01

Reflection seismic exploration in volcanic areas is still a scientific challenge and requires major efforts to develop imaging workflows capable of an economic utilization, e.g., for geothermal exploration. The SESaR (Seismic Exploration and Safety Risk study for decentral geothermal plants in Indonesia) project therefore tackles still not well resolved issues concerning wave propagation or energy absorption in areas covered by pyroclastic sediments using both active P-wave and S-wave seismics. Site-specific exploration procedures were tested in different tectonic and lithological regimes to compare imaging conditions. Based on the results of a small-scale, active seismic pre-site survey in the area of the Wayang Windu geothermal field in November 2012, an additional medium-scale active seismic experiment using P-waves was carried out in August 2013. The latter experiment was designed to investigate local changes of seismic subsurface response, to expand the knowledge about capabilities of the vibroseis method for seismic surveying in regions covered by pyroclastic material, and to achieve higher depth penetration. Thus, for the first time in the Wayang Windu geothermal area, a powerful, hydraulically driven seismic mini-vibrator device of 27 kN peak force (LIAG's mini-vibrator MHV2.7) was used as seismic source instead of the weaker hammer blow applied in former field surveys. Aiming at acquiring parameter test and production data southeast of the Wayang Windu geothermal power plant, a 48-channel GEODE recording instrument of the Badan Geologi was used in a high-resolution configuration, with receiver group intervals of 5 m and source intervals of 10 m. Thereby, the LIAG field crew, Star Energy, GFZ Potsdam, and ITB Bandung acquired a nearly 600 m long profile. In general, we observe the successful applicability of the vibroseis method for such a difficult seismic acquisition environment. Taking into account the local conditions at Wayang Windu, the method is

Providing quality family planning and MCH services in the urban areas: the YKB experience.

PubMed

1986-06-01

In Indonesia, the provision of family planning services to the community for a fee through a privately operated clinic is a relatively new concept. The idea to charge patients for family planning services came up during several meetings sponsored by the National Family Planning Coordinating Board (NFPCB) in its effort to increase family planning acceptance in urban areas. NFPCB realized that while the village family planning program was very effective, the urban family planning program was lagging behind for several reasons: while its services were free, most government-run clinics were open only in the morning, making it inconvenient for working mothers to avail themselves of the services; government operated clinics were crowded; since the services were free, they were perceived to be not of good quality; and there was a limited range of contraceptives and drugs available in the government operated clinics. In 1980, the Yayasan Kusuma Buana (YKB), a private nonprofit health and family planning organization in Jakarta, was asked by the Badan Koordenasi Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BKKBN) to set up a semi-commercial, urban family planning clinic as a pilot project. The clinic was established in an area where most of the residents belonged to the lower middle income group. After almost 3 years, the clinic became self-reliant and was used by the YKB as a basis for expanding the project. Currently, there are 9 such clinics in Jakarta and YKB is helping 10 other Indonesian cities to set up their own clinics. This paper considers the main components of YKB's strategy for planning and managing the clinic and and provides an analysis of the YKB experience in operating a successful family planning and maternal and child health program in the urban areas. To become self-reliant and at the same time have a successful family planning and health program, clinics should have the following characteristics: integrated services; competent and attractive clinic personnel; a

Specific Types of Coal Macerals from Orzesze and Ruda Beds from "Pniówek" Coal Mine (Upper Silesian Coal Basin - Poland) as a Manifestation of Thermal Metamorphism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adamczyk, Zdzisław; Komorek, Joanna; Lewandowska, Małgorzata

2014-03-01

Subject of the research were coal samples from the seams of Orzesze and Ruda beds from "Pniówek" coal mine. All samples represent methabituminous coal B, which present high vitrinite content (V mmf > 60%). Optical character of vitrinite from all analyzed coal samples is biaxial negative and it is characterized by low differentiation of bireflectance. The experiments have shown that the coal rank of investigated samples is generally decreasing with increasing both depth of coal seams and the distance between sampling point and the Carboniferous roof. It may suggests inversion of coalification. Specific types of macerals, typical for thermally metamorphosed coals have been found for all analysed coal samples. It was found, presence of such components like: fluorescing bituminous substance (FBS) filling of cellular spaces in semifusinite, fusinite, and funginite; pseudomorphs after megaspores exhibiting strong bireflectance, and anisotropic semifusinite. Petrographic components with a structure similar to structure of coke and pyrolytic carbon were observed rarely. Presence of colotelinite grains which are visible darker, impregnated with bituminous substance and exhibiting weak fluorescence may be related with influence of temperature on coal. Carbonates occur as filling of cellular spaces in semifusinite, in examined coal samples and there are the effect of thermal alteration of coal. Przedmiotem badań były próbki węgla z pokładów warstw orzeskich i rudzkich KWK Pniówek. Badane próbki reprezentują węgiel średniouwęglony typu B (metabitumiczny), wysokowitrynitowy. Stwierdzono, że witrynit z badanych próbek ma dwuosiowy ujemny charakter optyczny i wykazuje małe zróżnicowanie w wartościach dwójodbicia. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że stopień uwęglenia badanych próbek generalnie maleje wraz ze wzrostem głębokości występowania pokładów węgla oraz ze wzrostem odległości miejsca opróbowania od stropu karbonu co może wskazywać na

The Effect of Temperature of Rocks on Microclimatic Conditions in Long Gate Roads and Galleries in Coal Mines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cygankiewicz, Janusz; Knechtel, Józef

2014-03-01

uwzględniono tylko człon reprezentujący ruch ciepła w skałach. Badane wyrobisko podzielono na odcinki o długości 50 m. Korzystając z metody różnic skończonych dla każdego z odcinków wyznaczono temperaturę ociosu, a następnie temperaturę i strumień entalpii powietrza. W odniesieniu do wyrobisk kamiennych rozważania przeprowadzono dla wariantu z technologicznymi źródłami ciepła oraz bez takich źródeł. Dla chodników węglowych przedstawiono nowy sposób określenia ciepła utleniania węgla, na podstawie wyników badań J. Cygankiewicza (2012a, 2012b). Korzystając z wyników badań J. Drzewieckiego i J. Smołki (1994), uwzględniono wpływ spękań górotworu na przenoszenie ciepła do powietrza w wyrobisku.

Sedimentary Rocks Associated with the Coal Seams of the Saddle Beds from the Chwałowice Trough - West Part of Upper Silesian Coal Basin / Skały Osadowe Towarzyszące Pokładom Węgla Warstw Siodłowych Niecki Chwałowickiej - Zachodnia Część Górnośląskiego Zagłębia Węglowego

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stanienda, Katarzyna

2015-03-01

łów ilastych, takich jak kaolinit i illit, węglanów i chalcedonu, chociaż wyniki dyfraktometrii rentgenowskiej potwierdziły występowanie w spoiwie badanych piaskowców również halitu. Na podstawie składu mineralnego piaskowców, dokonano ich klasyfikacji, stosując podziały skał okruchowych Krynina (1948) i Pettijohn'a-Potter'a-Siever'a (1973). Według klasyfikacji Krynina badane piaskowce reprezentują szarogłazy (szarowaki). W klasyfikacji Pettijohn'a, próbki 6, 8 i 13 reprezentują arenity lityczne, natomiast próbki 3 i 10- waki. Mułowce i iłowce zbudowane SA głównie z minerałów ilastych. Można w nich również spotkać ziarna kwarcu oraz miki. Wyższy udział kwarcu i mik jest jednak charakterystyczny dla mułowców. Skały towarzyszące pokładom węgla warstw siodłowych Niecki Chwałowickiej zawierają również domieszki substancji organicznej.

Free Surface of the Liquid-Gas Phase Separation as a Measuring Membrane of a Device for Measuring Small Hydrostatic Pressure Difference Values / Powierzchnia Swobodna Rozdziału Faz Ciecz-Gaz Jako Membrana Pomiarowa Urządzenia Do Pomiaru Małych Wartości Różnicy Ciśnienia Hydrostatycznego

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Filipek, Wiktor; Broda, Krzysztof; Branny, Marian

2015-03-01

wykorzystaniem napisanego w języku Delphi autorskiego programu do obróbki numerycznej zdjęć. Występujące trudności ilustruje rysunek 2 przedstawiający przesunięcie linii odniesienia w trzech kolejno po sobie wykonanych zdjęciach. Następnie omówiono sposób przygotowania stanowiska do pomiarów oraz sposób ich przeprowadzania czego ilustracją są rysunki 3 i 4. Przedstawiono występujące problemy oraz zastosowane sposoby ich rozwiązania. Zarejestrowany przykładowy obraz po przejściu promienia lasera przez badaną strukturę dla wybranych wartości różnicy ciśnień hydrostatycznych uzyskany za pomocą kulek ceramicznych przedstawiono na rysunku 5. Rysunek 6 wyjaśnia metodę obróbki numerycznej zdjęć w oparciu o autorski program i zależności (1),(2),(3). Na rysunkach 7 i 9 zestawiono otrzymane krzywe zmienności intensywności barw uzyskane w trakcie opracowania numerycznego. Zwrócono także uwagę na rozkład zmian intensywności barw dla różnicy między powierzchniami swobodnymi cieczy w cylindrach (Rys. 8-11) dla wybranych serii pomiarowych. W dalszej części artykułu dokonano analizy otrzymanych obrazów zwracając uwagę na włączenie metody transformacji Fouriera lub "Falkowej" (Ziółko, 2000) do numerycznej analizy posiadanych danych (Rys. 12-14). Na rysunku 12 pokazano wybrane trzy zależności opisujące zmienność natężania barwy w funkcji położenia ramki (1), dla których dokonano transformacji Fouriera według zależności (3). Analizy dokonano metodą arytmetyczna Perry'ego (Ziółko, 2000) w okienku o szerokości n = 2300 przyjmując jako położenie startowe wartość x = 1600. Rysunek 13 przedstawia wartości współczynnika Ak a rys.14 przedstawia wartości kąta przesunięcia jk dla pierwszych 58 harmonicznych. Prace nad udoskonaleniem metody trwają. W dalszej części artykułu autorzy podsumowują osiągnięte wyniki zwracając uwagę na uzyskaną precyzję pomiarów oraz korzystne zastosowanie powierzchni swobodnej

Influence of the Plow Filling and Thread Angle onto the Plow Head Efficiency / Wpływ Współczynnika Wypełnienia Organu Oraz Kąta Nawinięcia Płata Ślimaka Na Sprawność Ładowania Frezującymi Organami Ślimakowymi

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wydro, Tomasz

2015-03-01

silniku posuwu w funkcji sprawność ładowania ηl. Uzyskane wyniki i ich analiza pozwoliły stwierdzić, że badane organy wykazywały bardzo zróżnicowane sprawności ładowania, w zależności od zmiennych parametrów ruchowych, czyli prędkości posuwu vp i obrotów n, a także przy różnym kącie nawinięcia płata ślimaka. Również istotnym wnioskiem z badań, który może w praktyce zostać wykorzystany, jest fakt, że dla stałych obrotów organu n i zwiększanej prędkości posuwu vp spadała sprawność ładowania ηł (dla pracy organu bez ładowarki). Fakt ten jest ważny, ponieważ w warunkach dołowych w trakcie eksploatacji kombajnu ścianowego istnieje tylko możliwość regulacji jego prędkości posuwu. Istotnym dla wykorzystania w praktyce, może być również fakt, iż przy pracy organu z ładowarką występuje wzrost poboru mocy organu przy wzroście współczynnika wypełnienia kw. Jest to istotne z punktu widzenia ekonomi eksploatacji i dążenia do minimalnego zużycia energii. Zrealizowane badania laboratoryjne sprawności procesu ładowania, pozwoliły uzyskać szeroki zakres wyników, które mogą pomóc przy doborze parametrów ruchowych kombajnu ścianowego w trakcie jego eksploatacji, a nawet wcześniej, na etapie projektowania organów ślimakowych (Wydro, 2011).

Visualization of Multidimensional Data in Purpose of Qualitative Classification of Various Types of Coal / Wizualizacja Wielowymiarowych Danych W Celu Klasyfikacji JAKOŚCIOWEJ RÓŻNYCH TYPÓW WĘGLA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Niedoba, Tomasz; Jamróz, Dariusz

2013-12-01

węgla łącznie. Zdecydowano się na zastosowanie nowatorskich metod wizualizacji wielowymiarowych danych, którymi były metoda tuneli obserwacyjnych oraz metoda osi równoległych. Zasady i metodyka badań zostały przedstawione w podrozdziałach 2 i 3. Zastosowane metody umożliwiły uzyskanie wizualizacji siedmiowymiarowych danych opisujących węgiel. Za pomocą tych wizualizacji możliwe jest zaobserwowanie wyraźnego podziału przestrzeni cech pomiędzy badanymi typami węgla. Metody te umożliwiły spojrzenie na badane dane z różnych perspektyw, które pozwalają na stwierdzenie zasadniczych różnic badanych materiałów. Dla badanych węgli stwierdzono wyraźne takie różnice co świadczy o tym, że za pomocą proponowanych metod możliwa jest skuteczna identyfikacja typu węgla, jak również dokładniejsza analiza jego poszczególnych cech i identyfikacja np. klasy ziarnowej. Szczegółowe obrazy i ich interpretacja zostały przedstawione w rozdziale 3 i we wnioskach końcowych. Rysunki 3-5 obrazują różnice pomiędzy poszczególnymi typami węgla otrzymane metodą tuneli obserwacyjnych. Wyraźnie można rozgraniczyć próbki dotyczące poszczególnych węgli a tym samym możliwa jest identyfikacja typu węgla na podstawie wielowymiarowej analizy. Rysunki 6-7 pokazują zastosowanie innej metody wielowymiarowej, którą była metoda osi równoległych. Metoda ta okazała się być skuteczna do uzyskania informacji o konieczności przeskalowania poszczególnych cech, w celu uzyskania bardziejczytelnych rezultatów. Natomiast rysunek 10 pokazuje różnice otrzymane metodą tuneli obserwacyjnych pomiędzy charakterystykami konkretnych klas ziarnowych wybranego materiału, którym w tym przypadku był węgiel typu 31. Uzyskane wyniki i zastosowana metodyka są nowatorskie i stanowią bazę pod bardziej szczegółowe badania, biorące pod uwagę także inne charakterystyki węgli, w tym ich strukturę i teksturę. Za pomocą przedstawionych metod mo