A Tale of Two Movements: The Power and Consequences of Misremembering "Brown"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williamson, Joy Ann

2006-01-01

If, as James Anderson stated, a nation committed to democracy and equality has every reason to be ashamed on "Brown v. Board of Education's" 50th anniversary, why the commemoration and celebration? By revising Anderson's challenge to examine the complex role of "Brown" in the nation's memory and history, this chapter…

STS-28 Columbia, OV-102, MS Brown juggles food containers on middeck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

At open middeck stowage locker MF14G single tray assembly, Mission Specialist (MS) Mark N. Brown removes food containers during meal preparation activities. Fellow crewmember MS James C. Adamson looks on as food and beverage containers, cans, and bags freefloat in front of Brown and above the open locker. At Brown's left along the port side wall are the side hatch, galley, and control panel ML86B. Brown is wearing a t-shirt and light blue constant wear garment with notepad strapped above his knee.

Dr James Currie (1756-1805): Liverpool physician, campaigner, hydrotherapist and man of letters.

PubMed

Halliday, Stephen

2006-02-01

James Currie was born and educated in Scotland but spent most of his professional life in Liverpool, where, as physician to the Liverpool Infirmary, he campaigned against the unsanitary living conditions in the rapidly growing port. He was an early advocate of water cures for fever and other maladies, on which subject he carried out experiments and published a seminal work. He was a pioneer in the use of the clinical thermometer. He was also an early advocate of the abolition of slavery and a man with literary and scientific interests, which brought him into contact with many of his most distinguished contemporaries. These included Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802), William Wilberforce (1759-1833), Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832), Sir Joseph Banks (1743-1820) and Robert Burns (1759-96), of whose poetry Currie was the first editor. He died in August 1805 at Sidmouth in Devon, whose parish church carries his memorial.

The SIR-B science plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

The Shuttle Imaging Radar-B (SIR-B) will be the third in a series of spaceborne SAR experiments conducted by NASA which began with the 1978 launch of SEASAT and continued with the 1981 launch of SIR-A. Like SEASAT and SIR-A, SIR-B will operate at L-band and will be horizontally polarized. However, SIR-B will allow digitally processed imagery to be acquired at selectable incidence angles between 15 and 60 deg, thereby permitting, for the first time, parametric studies of the effect of illumination geometry on SAR image information extraction. This document presents a science plan for SIR-B and serves as a reference for the types of geoscientific, sensor, and processing experiments which are possible.

The mitochondrial SIR2 related protein 2 (SIR2RP2) impacts Leishmania donovani growth and infectivity

PubMed Central

Mittal, Nimisha; Muthuswami, Rohini

2017-01-01

Background Leishmania donovani, a protozoan parasite is the major causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. Increased toxicity and resistance to the existing repertoire of drugs has been reported. Hence, an urgent need exists for identifying newer drugs and drug targets. Previous reports have shown sirtuins (Silent Information Regulator) from kinetoplastids as promising drug targets. Leishmania species code for three SIR2 (Silent Information Regulator) related proteins. Here, we for the first time report the functional characterization of SIR2 related protein 2 (SIR2RP2) of L. donovani. Methodology Recombinant L. donovani SIR2RP2 was expressed in E. coli and purified. The enzymatic functions of SIR2RP2 were determined. The subcellular localization of LdSIR2RP2 was done by constructing C-terminal GFP-tagged full-length LdSIR2RP2. Deletion mutants of LdSIR2RP2 were generated in Leishmania by double targeted gene replacement methodology. These null mutants were tested for their proliferation, virulence, cell cycle defects, mitochondrial functioning and sensitivity to known SIR2 inhibitors. Conclusion Our data suggests that LdSIR2RP2 possesses NAD+-dependent ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. However, NAD+-dependent deacetylase and desuccinylase activities were not detected. The protein localises to the mitochondrion of the promastigotes. Gene deletion studies showed that ΔLdSIR2RP2 null mutants had restrictive growth phenotype associated with accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase and compromised mitochondrial functioning. The null mutants had attenuated infectivity. Deletion of LdSIR2RP2 resulted in increased sensitivity of the parasites to the known SIR2 inhibitors. The sirtuin inhibitors inhibited the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of recombinant LdSIR2RP2. In conclusion, sirtuins could be used as potential new drug targets for visceral leishmaniasis. PMID:28493888

Sir James Jeans

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Milne, E. A.

2013-09-01

Memoir by S. C. Roberts; 1. Merchant Taylor's and Cambridge; 2. Princeton, 1905-9; 3. Return to England. The Adams Prize essay, 1909-19; 4. Secretary of the Royal Society, 1919-29; 5. Popular exposition, 1929-30; 6. Later years, 1931-46; 7. Science in Jeans's boyhood; 8. The partition of energy; 9. Rotating fluid masses; 10. Star clusters; 11. The equilibrium of the stars; 12. Jeans and philosophy; Bibliography; Index.

New Zealand SIR-B science investigations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Collins, M. A.; Oliver, P. J.; Cochrane, G. R.; Cole, J.; Coombs, D. S.; Barnes, E. J.; Ching, N. P.; Bennets, R. L.; Stephens, P. H.; Laing, A. K.

1984-01-01

It is proposed that shuttle imaging radar (SIR) data be used to study unusual geological features of New Zealand. Particular attention is planned for geological faults. SIR-B imagery is to be compared with LANDSAT multispectral imagery. Three other investigations which are to use SIR data are discussed. An ocean eddy is to be studied from a correlation of SIR-B and advanced very high resolution radiometer imagery. Timber volume is to be assessed by determining the age and size of pine forests from SIR-B data. Soil moisture is to be investigated by comparing SIR-B data with simultaneous gravimetric data. Land cover in a region already subjected to intensive investigation using LANDSAT and aircraft scanner data is to be discriminated by SIR-B data.

Tectonic geomorphology of the Andes with SIR-A and SIR-B

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bloom, Arthur L.; Fielding, Eric J.

1986-01-01

Data takes from SIR-A and SIR-B (Shuttle Imaging Radar) crossed all of the principal geomorphic provinces of the central Andes between 17 and 34 S latitude. In conjunction with Thematic Mapping images and photographs from hand-held cameras as well as from the Large Format Camera that was flown with SIR-B, the radar images give an excellent sampling of Andean geomorphology. In particular, the radar images show new details of volcanic rocks and landforms of late Cenozoic age in the Puna, and the exhumed surfaces of tilted blocks of Precambrian crystalline basement in the Sierras Pampeanas.

Sir William Turner (1832-1916) - Lancastrian, anatomist and champion of the Victorian era.

PubMed

Wessels, Quenton; Correia, Janine Carla; Taylor, Adam M

2016-11-01

Sir William Turner, a Lancastrian, was renowned as a scientist, anatomist and a great reformer of medical education. His students became anatomists at various international institutions, which consequently shaped the future of anatomy as a subject matter both in the United Kingdom and in South Africa. Although Turner's accomplishments have been documented, little is known about the details that determined his career path and the individuals that shaped his future. Here the authors aim to highlight some aspects of Turner's academic achievements and his personal life as well as how he crossed paths with other great minds of the Victorian era including Richard Owen, Charles Darwin, James Paget and Joseph Lister. © The Author(s) 2015.

STS-28 Columbia, OV-102, MS Brown juggles food containers on middeck

NASA Image and Video Library

1989-08-13

STS028-13-013 (August 1989) --- Astronaut Mark N. Brown, STS-28 mission specialist, assembles various components of a meal at the stowage locker area of Columbia's middeck, as James C. Adamson, mission specialist, looks on.

James Ross Island captured by NASA photographer James Ross, from NASA's DC-8 aircraft during an AirSAR 2004 mission over the Antarctic Peninsula

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-03-16

James Ross Island captured by NASA photographer James Ross(no relation), from NASA's DC-8 aircraft during an AirSAR 2004 mission over the Antarctic Peninsula. James Ross Island, named for 19th century British polar explorer Sir James Clark Ross, is located at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. The island is about 1500 m high and 40-60 km wide. In recent decades, the area has experienced significant atmospheric warming (about 2 degrees C since 1950), which has triggered a vast and spectacular retreat of its floating ice shelves, glacier reduction, a decrease in permanent snow cover and a lengthening of the melt season. AirSAR 2004 is a three-week expedition in Central and South America by an international team of scientists that is using an all-weather imaging tool, called the Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AirSAR), located onboard NASA's DC-8 airborne laboratory. Scientists from many parts of the world are combining ground research with NASA's AirSAR technology to improve and expand on the quality of research they are able to conduct. These photos are from the DC-8 aircraft while flying an AirSAR mission over Antarctica. The Antarctic Peninsula is more similar to Alaska and Patagonia than to the rest of the Antarctic continent. It is drained by fast glaciers, receives abundant precipitation, and melts significantly in the summer months. This region is being studied by NASA using a DC-8 equipped with the Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar developed by scientists from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. AirSAR will provide a baseline model and unprecedented mapping of the region. This data will make it possible to determine whether the warming trend is slowing, continuing or accelerating. AirSAR will also provide reliable information on ice shelf thickness to measure the contribution of the glaciers to sea level.

Distribution of a limited Sir2 protein pool regulates the strength of yeast rDNA silencing and is modulated by Sir4p.

PubMed Central

Smith, J S; Brachmann, C B; Pillus, L; Boeke, J D

1998-01-01

Transcriptional silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae occurs at the silent mating-type loci HML and HMR, at telomeres, and at the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus RDN1. Silencing in the rDNA occurs by a novel mechanism that depends on a single Silent Information Regulator (SIR) gene, SIR2. SIR4, essential for other silenced loci, paradoxically inhibits rDNA silencing. In this study, we elucidate a regulatory mechanism for rDNA silencing based on the finding that rDNA silencing strength directly correlates with cellular Sir2 protein levels. The endogenous level of Sir2p was shown to be limiting for rDNA silencing. Furthermore, small changes in Sir2p levels altered rDNA silencing strength. In rDNA silencing phenotypes, sir2 mutations were shown to be epistatic to sir4 mutations, indicating that SIR4 inhibition of rDNA silencing is mediated through SIR2. Furthermore, rDNA silencing is insensitive to SIR3 overexpression, but is severely reduced by overexpression of full-length Sir4p or a fragment of Sir4p that interacts with Sir2p. This negative effect of SIR4 overexpression was overridden by co-overexpression of SIR2, suggesting that SIR4 directly inhibits the rDNA silencing function of SIR2. Finally, genetic manipulations of SIR4 previously shown to promote extended life span also resulted in enhanced rDNA silencing. We propose a simple model in which telomeres act as regulators of rDNA silencing by competing for limiting amounts of Sir2 protein. PMID:9649515

Sir Harold Jeffreys

USGS Publications Warehouse

Spall, H.

1980-01-01

Sir Harold Jeffreys is a world authority in theoretical geophyiscs. hew as born in Northumbria (northeast of England) and educated at Armstrong College (now the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne) and Cambridge University. He is now a Senior Fellow of St.John's College, Cambridge. He has published over 300 scientific papers and is the author of 7 books, including Theory of Probability and Mathematical Physics (with his wife, Lady Bertha Swirles Jeffreys). Sir Harold has made innumerable theoretical contributions to seismology. Many of these are documented in his book The Earth, which has been published in six editions. His papers have recently been collated by Gordon and Breach (Publishers) into six volumes, Collected Papers on Sir Harold Jeffreys on Geophyiscs and other Sciences. Some idea of the breadth of this research can be seen from the individual volume titles: "Theoretical and Observational Seismology," "Observational Seismology," "Gravity," "Dissipation of Energy and Thermal History," "Astronomy and Geophysics," and "Matematics, Probability and Miscellaneious Other Sciences." 

Conserved Locus-Specific Silencing Functions of Schizosaccharomyces pombe sir2+

PubMed Central

Freeman-Cook, Lisa L.; Gómez, Eliana B.; Spedale, Erik J.; Marlett, John; Forsburg, Susan L.; Pillus, Lorraine; Laurenson, Patricia

2005-01-01

In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, three genes, sir2+, hst2+, and hst4+, encode members of the Sir2 family of conserved NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases. The S. pombe sir2+ gene encodes a nuclear protein that is not essential for viability or for resistance to treatment with UV or a microtubule-destabilizing agent. However, sir2+ is essential for full transcriptional silencing of centromeres, telomeres, and the cryptic mating-type loci. Chromatin immunoprecipitation results suggest that the Sir2 protein acts directly at these chromosomal regions. Enrichment of Sir2p at silenced regions does not require the HP1 homolog Swi6p; instead, Swi6-GFP localization to telomeres depends in part on Sir2p. The phenotype of sir2 swi6 double mutants supports a model whereby Sir2p functions prior to Swi6p at telomeres and the silent mating-type loci. However, Sir2p does not appear to be essential for the localization of Swi6p to centromeric foci. Cross-complementation experiments showed that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SIR2 gene can function in place of S. pombe sir2+, suggesting overlapping deacetylation substrates in both species. These results also suggest that, despite differences in most of the other molecules required, the two distantly related yeast species share a mechanism for targeting Sir2p homologs to silent chromatin. PMID:15545655

The SIR-B science investigations plan: Introduction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

The Shuttle Imaging Radar-B (SIR-B) and its capabilities are described. The SIR-B instrument is an upgraded version of SIR-A that has the additional capability of tilting the antenna mechanically to acquire data at incidence angles that vary from 15 to 60 deg. Like SEASAT and SIR-A, SIR-B will be an L-band (23-cm) HH polarized radar. The variable-incidence-angle capability will allow several experiments. A specific area may be imaged with a variety of incidence angles on successive days. These images can then be registered and used to produce curves of backscatter as a function of incidence angle for various terrain types. These curves can be used ultimately to characterize the terrain. Stereoimaging may also be done in the multiple-incidence-angle mode. In addition, large areas may be imaged and mosaicked together with only slight variations in incidence angle with each swath.

Sumoylation of Sir2 differentially regulates transcriptional silencing in yeast.

PubMed

Hannan, Abdul; Abraham, Neethu Maria; Goyal, Siddharth; Jamir, Imlitoshi; Priyakumar, U Deva; Mishra, Krishnaveni

2015-12-02

Silent information regulator 2 (Sir2), the founding member of the conserved sirtuin family of NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase, regulates several physiological processes including genome stability, gene silencing, metabolism and life span in yeast. Within the nucleus, Sir2 is associated with telomere clusters in the nuclear periphery and rDNA in the nucleolus and regulates gene silencing at these genomic sites. How distribution of Sir2 between telomere and rDNA is regulated is not known. Here we show that Sir2 is sumoylated and this modification modulates the intra-nuclear distribution of Sir2. We identify Siz2 as the key SUMO ligase and show that multiple lysines in Sir2 are subject to this sumoylation activity. Mutating K215 alone counteracts the inhibitory effect of Siz2 on telomeric silencing. SUMO modification of Sir2 impairs interaction with Sir4 but not Net1 and, furthermore, SUMO modified Sir2 shows predominant nucleolar localization. Our findings demonstrate that sumoylation of Sir2 modulates distribution between telomeres and rDNA and this is likely to have implications for Sir2 function in other loci as well. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

James L. Young | NREL

Science.gov Websites

L. Young James Young Postdoctoral Researcher-Chemistry James.Young@nrel.gov | 303-275-4456 Orcid ID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7291-0079 Dr. James L. Young is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the National -splitting photocathode," Nature Energy (2017). View all NREL publications for James L. Young.

Myeloperoxidase can differentiate between sepsis and non-infectious SIRS and predicts mortality in intensive care patients with SIRS.

PubMed

Schrijver, Irene T; Kemperman, Hans; Roest, Mark; Kesecioglu, Jozef; de Lange, Dylan W

2017-09-15

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a clinical syndrome following inflammation. Clinically, it is difficult to distinguish SIRS following an infection, i.e., sepsis, from non-infectious SIRS. Myeloperoxidase is a hemeprotein stored in the neutrophil azurophilic granules and is one of the main pillars of neutrophil attack. Therefore, we hypothesized that myeloperoxidase can differentiate between sepsis and non-infectious SIRS in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the intensive care unit (ICU). An observational single-center cohort study was conducted measuring myeloperoxidase in patients with SIRS in the first 48 h after admission. The outcomes were established using predefined definitions. Thirty-day mortality was retrospectively assessed. We found significantly higher levels of myeloperoxidase in patients with sepsis and septic shock compared to patients without sepsis (60 ng/ml versus 43 ng/ml, P = 0.002). Myeloperoxidase levels were related to 30-day mortality (P = 0.032), and high MPO levels on top of a high APACHE IV score further increased mortality risk. We show that myeloperoxidase is a potentially novel biomarker for sepsis in the ICU. Myeloperoxidase could eventually help in diagnosing sepsis and predicting mortality. However, more research is necessary to confirm our results.

Clinical Epidemiology of SIRS and Sepsis in Newly Admitted Children.

PubMed

Ganjoo, Sheetal; Ahmad, Kaisar; Qureshi, Umar Amin; Mir, Zahed Hussain

2015-08-01

To assess the clinical and demographic profile of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis, among newly admitted children in different age groups in a hospital in North India. This prospective study was conducted at a referral care centre in Northern India. All children, age group 0 to <18 y, admitted on days selected for study were screened and those with abnormal temperature and abnormal leukocyte count were included for further assessment. A total of twenty "24 h" periods were randomly chosen during the study period. Patients were assessed according to age specific vital signs and laboratory values to diagnose Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis and to gain clinical and demographic data. The criteria laid at International consensus conference, 2002, were used to define patients as SIRS, Sepsis, Severe sepsis and Septic shock. During the study period, a total of 865 patients were screened for SIRS. Prevalence of SIRS amongst hospitalised children was 23 % (n = 201). Seventy nine percent (n = 159) of patients had infection associated SIRS and 21 % (42) had non-infective SIRS. Sixty four percent (n = 129) SIRS patients had uncomplicated sepsis, 15 % (n = 30) patients fulfilled criteria for severe sepsis. Out of the latter 30, 19 had septic shock. Organ dysfunction in SIRS was noted in 25 % (n = 51). 37.25 % (n = 19) had multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). The most common organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus (n = 9). Focus of infection in majority was pulmonary (44 %). Mean duration of antibiotic therapy and hospital stay in the SIRS group were 6.4 and 6.5 d respectively. In the group without SIRS, mean duration were 2.44 d and 3.07 d respectively The differences were statistically significant. In conclusion, the proportion of sepsis contributing to SIRS is high in a tertiary care hospital. Therefore rapid recognition of SIRS is essential. Goal directed treatment of sepsis is

The Ubiquitin Ligase CHIP Prevents SirT6 Degradation through Noncanonical Ubiquitination

PubMed Central

Ronnebaum, Sarah M.; Wu, Yaxu; McDonough, Holly

2013-01-01

The ubiquitin ligase CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein) regulates protein quality control, and CHIP deletion accelerates aging and reduces the life span in mice. Here, we reveal a mechanism for CHIP's influence on longevity by demonstrating that CHIP stabilizes the sirtuin family member SirT6, a lysine deacetylase/ADP ribosylase involved in DNA repair, metabolism, and longevity. In CHIP-deficient cells, SirT6 protein half-life is substantially reduced due to increased proteasome-mediated degradation, but CHIP overexpression in these cells increases SirT6 protein expression without affecting SirT6 transcription. CHIP noncanonically ubiquitinates SirT6 at K170, which stabilizes SirT6 and prevents SirT6 canonical ubiquitination by other ubiquitin ligases. In CHIP-depleted cells, SirT6 K170 mutation increases SirT6 half-life and prevents proteasome-mediated degradation. The global decrease in SirT6 expression in the absence of CHIP is associated with decreased SirT6 promoter occupancy, which increases histone acetylation and promotes downstream gene transcription in CHIP-depleted cells. Cells lacking CHIP are hypersensitive to DNA-damaging agents, but DNA repair and cell viability are rescued by enforced expression of SirT6. The discovery of this CHIP-SirT6 interaction represents a novel protein-stabilizing mechanism and defines an intersection between protein quality control and epigenetic regulation to influence pathways that regulate the biology of aging. PMID:24043303

The SIR-B science investigations plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

Shuttle Imaging Radar-B (SIR-B) is the second synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to be flown on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Space Transportation System (Shuttle). It is the first spaceborne SAR to feature an antenna that allows acquisition of multiincidence angle imagery. An international team of scientists will use SIR-B to conduct investigations in a wide range of disciplines. The radar, the mission, and the investigations are described.

Molecular characterization of the silencing complex SIR in Candida glabrata hyperadherent clinical isolates.

PubMed

Leiva-Peláez, Osney; Gutiérrez-Escobedo, Guadalupe; López-Fuentes, Eunice; Cruz-Mora, José; De Las Peñas, Alejandro; Castaño, Irene

2018-05-29

An important virulence factor for the fungal pathogen Candida glabrata is the ability to adhere to the host cells, which is mediated by the expression of adhesins. Epa1 is responsible for ∼95% of the in vitro adherence to epithelial cells and is the founding member of the Epa family of adhesins. The majority of EPA genes are localized close to different telomeres, which causes transcriptional repression due to subtelomeric silencing. In C. glabrata there are three Sir proteins (Sir2, Sir3 and Sir4) that are essential for subtelomeric silencing. Among a collection of 79 clinical isolates, some display a hyperadherent phenotype to epithelial cells compared to our standard laboratory strain, BG14. These isolates also express several subtelomeric EPA genes simultaneously. We cloned the SIR2, SIR3 and SIR4 genes from the hyperadherent isolates and from the BG14 and the sequenced strain CBS138 in a replicative vector to complement null mutants in each of these genes in the BG14 background. All the SIR2 and SIR4 alleles tested from selected hyper-adherent isolates were functional and efficient to silence a URA3 reporter gene inserted in a subtelomeric region. The SIR3 alleles from these isolates were also functional, except the allele from isolate MC2 (sir3-MC2), which was not functional to silence the reporter and did not complement the hyperadherent phenotype of the BG14 sir3Δ. Consistently, sir3-MC2 allele is recessive to the SIR3 allele from BG14. Sir3 and Sir4 alleles from the hyperadherent isolates contain several polymorphisms and two of them are present in all the hyperadherent isolates analyzed. Instead, the Sir3 and Sir4 alleles from the BG14 and another non-adherent isolate do not display these polymorphisms and are identical to each other. The particular combination of polymorphisms in sir3-MC2 and in SIR4-MC2 could explain in part the hyperadherent phenotype displayed by this isolate. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Remote sensing of rice fields and sea pollution by SIR-B

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fugono, N.; Furuhama, Y.; Takasugi, T.; Okamoto, K.; Fujita, M.; Yoshikado, S.; Masuko, H.; Shinozuka, T.; Inomata, H.; Shiro, I.

1984-01-01

Sensor calibration, rice fields, and sea pollution are to be investigated with respect to shuttle imaging radar-B (SIR-B). It is planned that the resolution characteristics of the SIR-B be evaluated, the sidelobe characteristics of the SIR-B be investigated, and the relationship between backscatter cross section and image intensity be established. The microwave-scattering characteristics of rice fields are to be studied using SIR-B data. The possibility of classifying crops from SIR-B data is to be explored. The characteristics of the radar image of oil-like surface films under several sea surface conditions are to be determined. The absolute measurement capability of the sea surface scattering cross section is to be estimated using the SIR.

Budding Yeast Silencing Complexes and Regulation of Sir2 Activity by Protein-Protein Interactions

PubMed Central

Tanny, Jason C.; Kirkpatrick, Donald S.; Gerber, Scott A.; Gygi, Steven P.; Moazed, Danesh

2004-01-01

Gene silencing in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the enzymatic activity of the Sir2 protein, a highly conserved NAD-dependent deacetylase. In order to study the activity of native Sir2, we purified and characterized two budding yeast Sir2 complexes: the Sir2/Sir4 complex, which mediates silencing at mating-type loci and at telomeres, and the RENT complex, which mediates silencing at the ribosomal DNA repeats. Analyses of the protein compositions of these complexes confirmed previously described interactions. We show that the assembly of Sir2 into native silencing complexes does not alter its selectivity for acetylated substrates, nor does it allow the deacetylation of nucleosomal histones. The inability of Sir2 complexes to deacetylate nucleosomes suggests that additional factors influence Sir2 activity in vivo. In contrast, Sir2 complexes show significant enhancement in their affinities for acetylated substrates and their sensitivities to the physiological inhibitor nicotinamide relative to recombinant Sir2. Reconstitution experiments showed that, for the Sir2/Sir4 complex, these differences stem from the physical interaction of Sir2 with Sir4. Finally, we provide evidence that the different nicotinamide sensitivities of Sir2/Sir4 and RENT in vitro could contribute to locus-specific differences in how Sir2 activity is regulated in vivo. PMID:15282295

Shuttle Imaging Radar B (SIR-B) Weddell Sea ice observations - A comparison of SIR-B and scanning multichannel microwave radiometer ice concentrations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, Seelye; Holt, Benjamin; Cavalieri, Donald J.; Squire, Vernon

1987-01-01

Ice concentrations over the Weddell Sea were studied using SIR-B data obtained during the October 1984 mission, with special attention given to the effect of ocean waves on the radar return at the ice edge. Sea ice concentrations were derived from the SIR-B data using two image processing methods: the classification scheme at JPL and the manual classification method at Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI), England. The SIR ice concentrations were compared with coincident concentrations from the Nimbus-7 SMMR. For concentrations greater than 40 percent, which was the smallest concentration observed jointly by SIR-B and the SMMR, the mean difference between the two data sets for 12 points was 2 percent. A comparison between the JPL and the SPRI SIR-B algorithms showed that the algorithms agree to within 1 percent in the interior ice pack, but the JPL algorithm gives slightly greater concentrations at the ice edge (due to the fact that the algorithm is affected by the wind waves in these areas).

Shuttle Imaging Radar-A (SIR-A) experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Elachi, C. (Editor); Cimino, J. B. (Editor)

1982-01-01

The SIR-A experiment was conducted in order to acquire radar data over a variety of regions to further understanding of the radar signatures of various geologic features. The capability of the Shuttle as a scientific platform for observation of the Earth's resources was assessed. The SIR-A sensor operated nominally and the full data acquisition capacity of the optical recorder was used.

SIR-B measurements and modeling of vegetation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ulaby, Fawwaz T.; Dobson, M. Craig

1986-01-01

A summary is presented of the results derived from analysis of six SIR-B data takes over an agricultural test site in west central Illinois. The first part describes the procedure used to calibrate the SIR-B imagery, the second part pertains to the observed radar response to soil moisture content, and the last part examines the information derivable from multiangle observations.

Heterochromatin assembly by interrupted Sir3 bridges across neighboring nucleosomes

PubMed Central

Behrouzi, Reza; Lu, Chenning; Currie, Mark A; Jih, Gloria; Iglesias, Nahid; Moazed, Danesh

2016-01-01

Heterochromatin is a conserved feature of eukaryotic chromosomes with central roles in regulation of gene expression and maintenance of genome stability. Heterochromatin formation involves spreading of chromatin-modifying factors away from initiation points over large DNA domains by poorly understood mechanisms. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, heterochromatin formation requires the SIR complex, which contains subunits with histone-modifying, histone-binding, and self-association activities. Here, we analyze binding of the Sir proteins to reconstituted mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-nucleosomal chromatin templates and show that key Sir-Sir interactions bridge only sites on different nucleosomes but not sites on the same nucleosome, and are therefore 'interrupted' with respect to sites on the same nucleosome. We observe maximal binding affinity and cooperativity to unmodified di-nucleosomes and propose that nucleosome pairs bearing unmodified histone H4-lysine16 and H3-lysine79 form the fundamental units of Sir chromatin binding and that cooperative binding requiring two appropriately modified nucleosomes mediates selective Sir recruitment and spreading. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17556.001 PMID:27835568

Serum levels of osteopontin are increased in SIRS and sepsis.

PubMed

Vaschetto, Rosanna; Nicola, Stefania; Olivieri, Carlo; Boggio, Elena; Piccolella, Fabio; Mesturini, Riccardo; Damnotti, Federica; Colombo, Davide; Navalesi, Paolo; Della Corte, Francesco; Dianzani, Umberto; Chiocchetti, Annalisa

2008-12-01

In sepsis, dysregulation of the immune response leads to rapid multiorgan failure and death. Accurate and timely diagnosis is lifesaving and should discriminate sepsis from the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) caused by non-infectious agents. Osteopontin acts as an extracellular matrix component or a soluble cytokine in inflamed tissues. Its exact role in immune response and sepsis remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the role of osteopontin in SIRS and sepsis. Prospective, observational study. Intensive care unit of a university hospital. Fifty-six patients with SIRS or sepsis and 56 healthy subjects were enrolled. We analyzed the serum levels of osteopontin and TH1-TH2 cytokines and investigated the role of osteopontin on interleukin 6 secretion by monocytes. Serum osteopontin levels were strikingly higher in patients than in controls and in sepsis than in SIRS, and decreased during the resolution of both the disorders. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that osteopontin levels have discriminative power between SIRS and sepsis with an area under the curve of 0.796. Osteopontin levels directly correlated with those of interleukin 6 and in vitro, recombinant osteopontin increased interleukin 6 secretion by monocytes in both the absence and presence of high doses of lipopolysaccharide. These data suggest that osteopontin might be a mediator involved in the pathogenesis of SIRS and sepsis, possibly by supporting interleukin 6 secretion. 45. SIRS/Sepsis: clinical studies.

Lymphocyte integrin expression differences between SIRS and sepsis patients.

PubMed

Heffernan, D S; Monaghan, S F; Ayala, Alfred

2017-11-01

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis remain leading causes of death. Despite many similarities, the two entities are very distinct clinically and immunologically. T-Lymphocytes play a key pivotal role in the pathogenesis and ultimately outcome following both SIRS and sepsis. Integrins are essential in the trafficking and migration of lymphocytes. They also serve vital roles in efficient wound healing and clearance of infections. Here, we investigate whether integrin expression, specifically β1 (CD29) and β2 (CD18), are disrupted in SIRS and sepsis, and assess differences in integrin expression between these two critically ill clinical categories. T-Lymphocytes were isolated from whole blood collected from ICU patients exhibiting SIRS or sepsis. Samples were analyzed for CD18 (β2) and CD29 (β1) on CD3 + T cells through flow cytometry. Septic patients were stratified into either exclusively abdominal or non-abdominal sources of sepsis. CD18 was almost ubiquitously expressed on CD3 + T cells irrespective of clinical condition. However, CD29 (β1 integrin) was lowest in SIRS patients (20.4% of CD3 + T cells) when compared with either septic patients (35.5%) or healthy volunteers (54.1%). Furthermore, there was evidence of compartmentalization in septic patients, where abdominal sources had a greater percentage of CD3 + CD29 + T cells (41.7%) when compared with those with non-abdominal sources (29.5%). Distinct differences in T-cell integrin expression exists between patients in SIRS versus sepsis, as well as relative to the source of sepsis. Further work is needed to understand cause and effect relative to the progression from SIRS into sepsis.

Validation of the Spanish SIRS with monolingual Hispanic outpatients.

PubMed

Correa, Amor A; Rogers, Richard; Hoersting, Raquel

2010-09-01

Psychologists are faced with formidable challenges in making their assessment methods relevant to growing numbers of Hispanic clients for whom English is not the primary or preferred language. Among other clinical issues, the determination of malingering has profound consequences for clients. In this investigation, we evaluated a Spanish translation of the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS; Rogers, Bagby, & Dickens, 1992) with 80 Spanish-speaking Hispanic American outpatients. Using a between-subjects simulation design, the Spanish SIRS was found to produce reliable results with small standard errors of measurement. Regarding validity, very large effect sizes (mean Cohen's d= 2.00) were observed between feigners and honest responders for the SIRS primary scales. We consider the potential role of the Spanish SIRS with reference to Spanish translations for other assessment instruments.

SirT1 mediates hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning-induced ischemic tolerance in rat brain

PubMed Central

Yan, Wenjun; Fang, Zongping; Yang, Qianzi; Dong, Hailong; Lu, Yan; Lei, Chong; Xiong, Lize

2013-01-01

Our previous studies have shown that hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBO-PC) induces tolerance to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). This study aimed to investigate whether SirT1, a class III histone deacetylase, is involved in neuroprotection elicited by HBO-PC in animal and cell culture models of ischemia. Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion for 120 minutes after HBO-PC (once a day for 5 days). Primary cultured cortical neurons were exposed to 2 hours of HBO-PC after 2 hours of oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD). We showed that HBO-PC increased SirT1 protein and mRNA expression, promoted neurobehavioral score, reduced infarct volume, and improved morphology at 24 hours and 7 days after cerebral I/R. Neuroprotection of HBO-PC was attenuated by SirT1 inhibitor EX527 and SirT1 knockdown by short interfering RNA (siRNA), whereas it was mimicked by SirT1 activator resveratrol. Furthermore, HBO-PC enhanced SirT1 expression and cell viability and reduced lactate dehydrogenase release 24 hours after OGD/re-oxygenation. The neuroprotective effect of HBO-PC was emulated through upregulating SirT1 and, reversely, attenuated through downregulating SirT1. The modulation of SirT1 was made by adenovirus infection carrying SirT1 or SirT1 siRNA. Besides, SirT1 increased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression and decrease cleaved caspase 3. These results indicate that SirT1 mediates HBO-PC-induced tolerance to cerebral I/R through inhibition of apoptosis. PMID:23299244

Procalcitonin: a marker of bacteraemia in SIRS.

PubMed

Bell, K; Wattie, M; Byth, K; Silvestrini, R; Clark, P; Stachowski, E; Benson, E M

2003-12-01

A number of European studies have documented the ability of procalcitonin (PCT), a novel inflammatory marker, to discriminate patients with sepsis from those with other causes of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The aim of this study was to assess procalcitonin's performance in an Australian intensive care unit (ICU) setting to examine whether it could discriminate between these two conditions. One hundred and twenty-three consecutive adult ICU patients fulfilling criteria for SIRS were enlisted in the study. Over a period of five days, daily serum PCT and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured. At least two sets of cultures were taken of blood, sputum/broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) and urine. Other cultures were taken as clinically indicated. Questionnaires to ascertain clinical suspicion of sepsis were prospectively answered by the ICU senior registrars. PCT values were ten times higher in patients with positive blood cultures; CRP values were also significantly higher in the bacteraemic patients. Both PCT and CRP had a good ability to discriminate bacteraemia from non-infectious SIRS, with the area under receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves for PCT being 0.8 and for CRP being 0.82. However neither PCT or CRP was able to discriminate patients with localized sepsis from those without. Utilizing both tests resulted in a more sensitive screen than either one alone, while PCT was a more accurate diagnostic test for bacteraemia than CRP. The PCT value also differed between those who died in hospital and those who survived. Measurement of PCT alone or in combination with CRP can aid discrimination of septicaemia/bacteriemia with associated SIRS from non-infectious SIRS in an Australian ICU setting.

Structural Basis for Nicotinamide Inhibition and Base Exchange in Sir2 Enzymes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sanders, B.; Zhao, K; Slama, J

2007-01-01

The Sir2 family of proteins consists of broadly conserved NAD+-dependent deacetylases that are implicated in diverse biological processes, including DNA regulation, metabolism, and longevity. Sir2 proteins are regulated in part by the cellular concentrations of a noncompetitive inhibitor, nicotinamide, that reacts with a Sir2 reaction intermediate via a base-exchange reaction to reform NAD+ at the expense of deacetylation. To gain a mechanistic understanding of nicotinamide inhibition in Sir2 enzymes, we captured the structure of nicotinamide bound to a Sir2 homolog, yeast Hst2, in complex with its acetyl-lysine 16 histone H4 substrate and a reaction intermediate analog, ADP-HPD. Together with relatedmore » biochemical studies and structures, we identify a nicotinamide inhibition and base-exchange site that is distinct from the so-called 'C pocket' binding site for the nicotinamide group of NAD+. These results provide insights into the Sir2 mechanism of nicotinamide inhibition and have important implications for the development of Sir2-specific effectors.« less

Developmental and Spatial Expression of sir2 Genes in the Cellular Slime Mold Dictyostelium discoideum.

PubMed

Katayama, Takahiro; Yasukawa, Hiro

2008-01-01

The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum grows as unicellular free-living amoebae in the presence of nutrients. Upon starvation, the amoebae aggregate and form multicellular structures that each consist of a stalk and spores. D. discoideum encodes at least four proteins (Sir2A, Sir2B, Sir2C, and Sir2D) homologous to human SIRT. RT-PCR and WISH analyses showed that the genes for Sir2A, Sir2C, and Sir2D were expressed at high levels in growing cells but at decreased levels in developing cells, whereas the gene encoding Sir2B was expressed in the prestalk-cell region in the developmental phase.

Symmetric/Asymmetrical SIRs Dual-Band BPF Design for WLAN Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ho, Min-Hua; Ho, Hao-Hung; Chen, Mingchih

This paper presents the dual-band bandpass filters (BPFs) design composed of λ/2 and symmetrically/asymmetrically paired λ/4 stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) for the WLAN applications. The filters cover both the operating frequencies of 2.45 and 5.2GHz. The dual-coupling mechanism is used in the filter design to provide alternative routes for signals of selected frequencies. A prototype filter is composed of λ/2 and symmetrical λ/4 SIRs. The enhanced wide-stopband filter is then developed from the filter with the symmetrical λ/4 SIRs replaced by the asymmetrical ones. The asymmetrical λ/4 SIRs have their higher resonances frequencies isolated from the adjacent I/O SIRs and extend the enhanced filter an upper stopband limit beyond ten time the fundamental frequency. Also, the filter might possess a cross-coupling structure which introduces transmission zeros by the passband edges to improve the signal selectivity. The tapped-line feed is adopted in this circuit to create additional attenuation poles for improving the stopband rejection levels. Experiments are conducted to verify the circuit performance.

[Nicolas Dobo and Pierre Jame about the army medical general Lucian Jame].

PubMed

Dobo, N; Jame, P

1996-01-01

Lucien Jame was born October the 20th 1891 at Gourdon (Lot). State Police Officer's son, he studied in Lyon at the Military Health School. Called up August the 6th 1914, he shined among many fights and wore a lot of medals. After the armistice he defended his thesis upon "Venereal diseases prophylaxis study". March the 9th 1921, medical Officer in South Algeria, he published some original articles regarding to leprosis, tuberculosis and malaria. After a competitive examination in France, Lucien Jame became a Medical Commanding Officer of Military Health Service in Toulouse where Nicolas Dobo was at his disposal. August the 6th 1943, in the same rank in Algier then in Rabat, Lucien Jame reached the top of his career as Chief Executive of Military Health Service. He planed First French army medical operations through Italy, France and Germany battles. "Grand-Officier de la Légion d'honneur", the Army Medical General Lucien Jame retired but kept on with works dedicated to hygiene and preventive medicine till he died, June the 16th, 1969.

On Hydromagnetic Waves in Atmospheres with Application to the Sun

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Campos, L. M. B. C.

Sir James Lighthill has an exceptionally wide range of research interests; one of them is magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). In a major paper (Lighthill, 1959), he considers MHD waves in general, and in particular Alfvén waves with the Hall effect. He analyzes the radiation field using a method of asymptotic estimation of Fourier integrals, which was further developed in subsequent papers (Lighthill, 1964). This method is applied to internal or acoustic-gravity waves in his book on waves in fluids (Lighthill, 1978), which includes an appendix on MHD waves. As an applied mathematician, Sir James was always aware of the applications of his theories; in the case of MHD waves he considered their role in the heating of the solar atmosphere (Lighthill, 1967). In this presentation in honor of Sir James Lighthill, I choose to address the subject of hydromagnetic waves, with application to the solar atmosphere and wind, for two reasons: first it is less likely to be covered by other authors than, say, his better known work on aerodynamics, aeroacoustics, or biofluiddynamics; and I feel a volume in honor of Sir James should reflect his significant contributions to MHD. The second motivation is that about two decades ago, Sir James suggested that I consider magneto-atmospheric waves and their role in the solar atmosphere, and this may be an appropriate occasion to report on what was made of this suggestion. Sir James has a rare ability not only to initiate new areas of research but also to pinpoint subjects ripe for significant development, and this is also substantiated in the field of atmospheric waves. In the present communication paper I consider all three MHD modes (Alfvén, slow, and fast), including viscous and resistive dissipation, cases with external magnetic fields of varying strength and direction (spherical and spiral waves), and the Hall effect and some instances of nonlinear effects; application to the solar atmosphere and wind shows that MHD waves play a major role

Royal naval physician Sir John Jamison (1776-1844), Scurvy and Sweden's medico-surgical institute.

PubMed

Rocca, Julius; Stolt, Carl-Magnus

2002-01-01

As a direct consequence of Sweden's devastating losses in its war with Russia in 1808-9, an institute for the training of military surgeons was established in Stockholm in December 1810. This establishment soon became known as the Karolinska Institute and is the forerunner of today's eponymous institution. This paper records the nature of the British assistance that led indirectly to the founding of this institute. This aid took the form of a report into the high morbidity and mortality rates due to scurvy which were sustained by the Swedish Fleet in Carlscrona in the summer of 1808. This report, written by John Jamison, Fleet Physician to the Baltic Command of Sir James Saumarez, was used by the Stockholm medical authorities as part of their campaign for improved training of military medical personnel. Whilst Jamison's report did not in itself lead to the establishment of the Stockholm medico-surgical institute, it was undoubtedly important, and serves both as an example of Anglo-Swedish relations during the Napoleonic era and a reminder of the ravages of scurvy.

Extracorporeal blood treatment (EBT) methods in SIRS/Sepsis.

PubMed

Bellomo, R; Honoré, P M; Matson, J; Ronco, C; Winchester, J

2005-05-01

Extracorporeal blood purification treatment (EBT) methods have been used in the treatment of experimental and human SIRS/Sepsis in a variety of settings and with variable reports of efficacy and safety. Their role in the management of SIRS/Sepsis remains controversial. To develop consensus statements regarding important aspects of research, practice and technical management concerning EBT. Systematic review of published study. Evidence-based grading of information available. Consensus development regarding fundamental questions about EBT. Consensus was achieved on all questions posed during the conference. It was agreed that there is currently a clear biological rational for EBT in SIRS and Sepsis. It was agreed that conventional CVVH has sufficiently been shown not to be effective in SIRS/Sepsis in the absence of concomitant ARF and that other therapies such as plasmapheresis or high-volume hemofiltration or coupled plasma filtration adsorption appear more promising and should be tested in multicentre randomized controlled trials. Patients with ARF and SIRS/Sepsis should be treated differently from those with ARF alone even though current practice in this field is not well known. Patients with refractory septic shock should be considered for EBT. Appropriate end points for clinical trials can be defined and chosen according to the goals of the trial. Different technologies exist for EBT and better understanding of the merits and safety of each is needed as well as better standardization of methodology and dose. Broad consensus can be achieved on several aspects of EBT and can be used to inform clinical practice and to help guide the establishment of a future research agenda.

Revisiting node-based SIR models in complex networks with degree correlations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yi; Cao, Jinde; Alofi, Abdulaziz; AL-Mazrooei, Abdullah; Elaiw, Ahmed

2015-11-01

In this paper, we consider two growing networks which will lead to the degree-degree correlations between two nearest neighbors in the network. When the network grows to some certain size, we introduce an SIR-like disease such as pandemic influenza H1N1/09 to the population. Due to its rapid spread, the population size changes slowly, and thus the disease spreads on correlated networks with approximately fixed size. To predict the disease evolution on correlated networks, we first review two node-based SIR models incorporating degree correlations and an edge-based SIR model without considering degree correlation, and then compare the predictions of these models with stochastic SIR simulations, respectively. We find that the edge-based model, even without considering degree correlations, agrees much better than the node-based models incorporating degree correlations with stochastic SIR simulations in many respects. Moreover, simulation results show that for networks with positive correlation, the edge-based model provides a better upper bound of the cumulative incidence than the node-based SIR models, whereas for networks with negative correlation, it provides a lower bound of the cumulative incidence.

33 CFR 147.817 - Sir Douglas Morpeth Tension Leg Platform safety zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Sir Douglas Morpeth Tension Leg... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES SAFETY ZONES § 147.817 Sir Douglas Morpeth Tension Leg Platform safety zone. (a) Description. The Sir Douglas Morpeth Tension Leg Platform (Morpeth...

New Processing of Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C (SIR-C) Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meyer, F. J.; Gracheva, V.; Arko, S. A.; Labelle-Hamer, A. L.

2017-12-01

The Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C (SIR-C) was a radar system, which successfully operated on two separate shuttle missions in April and October 1994. During these two missions, a total of 143 hours of radar data were recorded. SIR-C was the first multifrequency and polarimetric spaceborne radar system, operating in dual frequency (L- and C- band) and with quad-polarization. SIR-C had a variety of different operating modes, which are innovative even from today's point of view. Depending on the mode, it was possible to acquire data with different polarizations and carrier frequency combinations. Additionally, different swaths and bandwidths could be used during the data collection and it was possible to receive data with two antennas in the along-track direction.The United States Geological Survey (USGS) distributes the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images as single-look complex (SLC) and multi-look complex (MLC) products. Unfortunately, since June 2005 the SIR-C processor has been inoperable and not repairable. All acquired SLC and MLC images were processed with a course resolution of 100 m with the goal of generating a quick look. These images are however not well suited for scientific analysis. Only a small percentage of the acquired data has been processed as full resolution SAR images and the unprocessed high resolution data cannot be processed any more at the moment.At the Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF) a new processor was developed to process binary SIR-C data to full resolution SAR images. ASF is planning to process the entire recoverable SIR-C archive to full resolution SLCs, MLCs and high resolution geocoded image products. ASF will make these products available to the science community through their existing data archiving and distribution system.The final paper will describe the new processor and analyze the challenges of reprocessing the SIR-C data.

William James's Moral Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cooper, Wesley

2003-01-01

James's moral theory, primarily as set out in "The Moral Philosopher and the Moral Life" (in his "The Will To Believe" (1897)), is presented here as having a two-level structure, an empirical or historical level where progress toward greater moral inclusiveness is central, and a metaphysical or end-of-history level--James's "kingdom of…

Jeans, Sir James Hopwood (1877-1946)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murdin, P.

2000-11-01

Astrophysicist, born in Ormskirk, Lancashire, England, worked at Cambridge, Princeton and Mount Wilson Observatory, and retired early to devote himself to research. Like CHANDRASEKHAR, Jeans worked on physical problems such as thermodynamics, applying the physics to astronomy, and writing lucid accounts of the whole field in books such as The Dynamical Theory of Gases (1904), Theoretical Mechanic...

Development of SIR-C Ground Calibration Equipment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Freeman, A.; Azeem, M.; Haub, D.; Sarabandi, K.

1993-01-01

SIR-C/X-SAR is currently scheduled for launch in April 1994. SIR-C is an L-Band and C-Band, multi-polarization spaceborne SAR system developed by NASA/JPL. X- SAR is an X-Band SAR system developed by DARA/ASI. One of the problems involved in calibrating the SIR-C instrument is to make sure that the horizontal (H) and vertical (V) polarized beams are aligned in the azimuth direction, i.e.. that they are pointing in the same direction. This is important if the polarimetric performance specifications for the system are to be met. To solve this problem, we have designed and built a prototype of a low-cost ground receiver capable of recording received power from two antennas, one H-polarized, the other V-polarized. The two signals are mixed to audio then recorded on the left and right stereo channels of a standard audio cassette player. The audio cassette recording can then be played back directly into a Macintosh computer, where it is digitized. Analysis of.

Knowledge and recognition of SIRS and sepsis among pediatric nurses.

PubMed

Jeffery, Alvin D; Mutsch, Karen Steffen; Knapp, Lisa

2014-01-01

A large amount of research demonstrates the importance of key interventions in reducing mortality rates of pediatric patients with sepsis (Dellinger et al., 2008). Assessment and recognition of declining status must occur for interventions to be initiated. Of health care practitioners, nurses typically spend the most time with patients, and they must be knowledgeable in recognizing the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis while also being aware of the importance of prompt intervention. The literature does not discuss pediatric nurses' knowledge of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)/sepsis recognition. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of acute and critical care pediatric nurses of SIRS diagnostic criteria, sepsis guidelines, and the importance of SIRS recognition. This cross-sectional, quantitative, correlational descriptive study included 242 acute and critical care pediatric nurses at a 490-bed urban pediatric hospital. Participants completed an original questionnaire with face and content validity regarding SIRS criteria, sepsis guidelines, priority interventions, and attitude toward the importance of SIRS recognition. Findings demonstrated a significant knowledge deficit among participants in several key areas of SIRS/sepsis recognition. The mean score was 60.8% ± 7.4%. Item analyses demonstrated nurses easily recognize septic shock but have difficulty recognizing patients in earlier stages of the sepsis continuum. Significant confusion was evident regarding the role of blood pressure and serum lactic acid levels in diagnosing sepsis. It is recommended that an educational intervention be created for acute and critical care pediatric nurses to aid them in recognizing sepsis in its earlier stages.

James Sowerby: meteorites and his meteoritic sword made for the Emperor of Russia, Alexander I, in 1814

PubMed Central

Henderson, Paul

2013-01-01

James Sowerby included meteorites in his publications of British and exotic natural history and so raised interest in their nature and origins at a time of much debate and involving the President of the Royal Society, Sir Joseph Banks. The celebrations over the defeat of France in 1814 prompted Sowerby to make a sword from the Cape of Good Hope iron meteorite to present to the Russian Emperor, Alexander I, at the time of his state visit to London in June 1814 and in recognition of his achievements in bringing peace to Europe. The story of its attempted presentation, its final reception and the following response, including publications, all helped to increase interest in meteorites and their properties. The rediscovery of the sword after a lengthy disappearance probably brings an unusual saga to a fitting close.

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

PubMed Central

Balk, Robert A

2014-01-01

The concept of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) to describe the complex pathophysiologic response to an insult such as infection, trauma, burns, pancreatitis, or a variety of other injuries came from a 1991 consensus conference charged with the task of developing an easy-to-apply set of clinical parameters to aid in the early identification of potential candidates to enter into clinical trials to evaluate new treatments for sepsis. There was recognition that a diverse group of injuries produced a common inflammatory response in the host and provided attractive targets for new anti-inflammatory molecules designed to prevent further propagation and/or provide specific treatment. Effective application of these new anti-inflammatory strategies necessitated identification of early clinical markers that could be assessed in real-time and were likely to define a population of patients that would have a beneficial response to the targeted intervention. It was felt that early clinical manifestations might be more readily available to clinicians than more sophisticated and specific assays for inflammatory substances that were systemically released by the network of injurious inflammatory events. Therefore, the early definition of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was built upon a foundation of basic clinical and laboratory abnormalities that were readily available in almost all clinical settings. With further refinement, it was hoped, that this definition would have a high degree of sensitivity, coupled with a reasonable degree of specificity. This manuscript reviews the derivation, application, utilization, potential benefits, and speculation regarding the future of the SIRS definition. PMID:24280933

Predictive ability of the ISS, NISS, and APACHE II score for SIRS and sepsis in polytrauma patients.

PubMed

Mica, L; Furrer, E; Keel, M; Trentz, O

2012-12-01

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis as causes of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) remain challenging to treat in polytrauma patients. In this study, the focus was set on widely used scoring systems to assess their diagnostic quality. A total of 512 patients (mean age: 39.2 ± 16.2, range: 16-88 years) who had an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥17 were included in this retrospective study. The patients were subdivided into four groups: no SIRS, slight SIRS, severe SIRS, and sepsis. The ISS, New Injury Severity Score (NISS), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores, and prothrombin time were collected at admission. The Kruskal-Wallis test and χ(2)-test, multinomial regression analysis, and kernel density estimates were performed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is reported as the area under the curve (AUC). Data were considered as significant if p < 0.05. All variables were significantly different in all groups (p < 0.001). The odds ratio increased with increasing SIRS severity for NISS (slight vs. no SIRS, 1.06, p = 0.07; severe vs. no SIRS, 1.07, p = 0.04; and sepsis vs. no SIRS, 1.11, p = 0.0028) and APACHE II score (slight vs. no SIRS, 0.97, p = 0.44; severe vs. no SIRS, 1.08, p = 0.02; and sepsis vs. no SIRS, 1.12, p = 0.0028). ROC analysis revealed that the NISS (slight vs. no SIRS, AUC 0.61; severe vs. no SIRS, AUC 0.67; and sepsis vs. no SIRS, AUC 0.77) and APACHE II score (slight vs. no SIRS, AUC 0.60; severe vs. no SIRS, AUC 0.74; and sepsis vs. no SIRS, AUC 0.82) had the best predictive ability for SIRS and sepsis. Quick assessment with the NISS or APACHE II score could preselect possible candidates for sepsis following polytrauma and provide guidance in trauma surgeons' decision-making.

Identification of Predictive Early Biomarkers for Sterile-SIRS after Cardiovascular Surgery.

PubMed

Stoppelkamp, Sandra; Veseli, Kujtim; Stang, Katharina; Schlensak, Christian; Wendel, Hans Peter; Walker, Tobias

2015-01-01

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a common complication after cardiovascular surgery that in severe cases can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and even death. We therefore set out to identify reliable early biomarkers for SIRS in a prospective small patient study for timely intervention. 21 Patients scheduled for planned cardiovascular surgery were recruited in the study, monitored for signs of SIRS and blood samples were taken to investigate biomarkers at pre-assigned time points: day of admission, start of surgery, end of surgery, days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 post surgery. Stored plasma and cryopreserved blood samples were analyzed for cytokine expression (IL1β, IL2, IL6, IL8, IL10, TNFα, IFNγ), other pro-inflammatory markers (sCD163, sTREM-1, ESM-1) and response to endotoxin. Acute phase proteins CRP, PCT and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6 and IL8 were significantly increased (p<0.001) at the end of surgery in all patients but could not distinguish between groups. Normalization of samples revealed significant increases in IL1β changes (p<0.05) and decreased responses to endotoxin (p<0.01) in the SIRS group at the end of surgery. Soluble TREM-1 plasma concentrations were significantly increased in patients with SIRS (p<0.01). This small scale patient study could show that common sepsis markers PCT, CRP, IL6 and TNFα had low predictive value for early diagnosis of SIRS after cardiovascular surgery. A combination of normalized IL1β plasma levels, responses to endotoxin and soluble TREM-1 plasma concentrations at the end of surgery are predictive markers of SIRS development in this small scale study and could act as an indicator for starting early therapeutic interventions.

Circulating Plasma microRNAs can differentiate Human Sepsis and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS).

PubMed

Caserta, Stefano; Kern, Florian; Cohen, Jonathan; Drage, Stephen; Newbury, Sarah F; Llewelyn, Martin J

2016-06-20

Systemic inflammation in humans may be triggered by infection, termed sepsis, or non-infective processes, termed non-infective systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). MicroRNAs regulate cellular processes including inflammation and may be detected in blood. We aimed to establish definitive proof-of-principle that circulating microRNAs are differentially affected during sepsis and non-infective SIRS. Critically ill patients with severe (n = 21) or non-severe (n = 8) intra-abdominal sepsis; severe (n = 23) or non-severe (n = 21) non-infective SIRS; or no SIRS (n = 16) were studied. Next-generation sequencing and qRT-PCR were used to measure plasma microRNAs. Detectable blood miRNAs (n = 116) were generally up-regulated in SIRS compared to no-SIRS patients. Levels of these 'circulating inflammation-related microRNAs' (CIR-miRNAs) were 2.64 (IQR: 2.10-3.29) and 1.52 (IQR: 1.15-1.92) fold higher for non-infective SIRS and sepsis respectively (p < 0.0001), hence CIR-miRNAs appeared less abundant in sepsis than in SIRS. Six CIR-miRNAs (miR-30d-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-192-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-23a-5p, miR-191-5p) provided good-to-excellent discrimination of severe sepsis from severe SIRS (0.742-0.917 AUC of ROC curves). CIR-miRNA levels inversely correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and others). Thus, among critically ill patients, sepsis and non-infective SIRS are associated with substantial, differential changes in CIR-miRNAs. CIR-miRNAs may be regulators of inflammation and warrant thorough evaluation as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

The Shuttle Imaging Radar B (SIR-B) experiment report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cimino, Jo Bea; Holt, Benjamin; Richardson, Annie

1988-01-01

The primary objective of the SIR-B experiment was to acquire multiple-incidence-angle radar imagery of a variety of Earth's surfaces to better understand the effects of imaging geometry on radar backscatter. A complementary objective was to map extensive regions of particular interest. Under these broad objectives, many specific scientific experiments were defined by the 43 SIR-B Science Team members, including studies in the area of geology, vegetation, radar penetration, oceanography, image analysis, and calibration technique development. Approximately 20 percent of the planned digital data were collected, meeting 40 percent of the scientific objectives. This report is an overview of the SIR-B experiment and includes the science investigations, hardware design, mission scenario, mission operations, events of the actual missions, astronaut participation, data products (including auxiliary data), calibrations, and a summary of the actual coverage. Also included are several image samples.

Sir Karl Popper and Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McNamara, D. R.

1978-01-01

Sir Karl Popper is one of England's most distinguished contemporary philosophers and it is surprising that his thought has not permeated and informed educational discussion. This paper suggests that educationists have much to learn from Karl Popper's writings and explores ways in which his ideas can illuminate and advance discussion about…

Molecular Links between Caloric Restriction and Sir2/SIRT1 Activation

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Ageing is the most significant risk factor for a range of prevalent diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Accordingly, interventions are needed for delaying or preventing disorders associated with the ageing process, i.e., promotion of healthy ageing. Calorie restriction is the only nongenetic and the most robust approach to slow the process of ageing in evolutionarily divergent species, ranging from yeasts, worms, and flies to mammals. Although it has been known for more than 80 years that calorie restriction increases lifespan, a mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon remains elusive. Yeast silent information regulator 2 (Sir2), the founding member of the sirtuin family of protein deacetylases, and its mammalian homologue Sir2-like protein 1 (SIRT1), have been suggested to promote survival and longevity of organisms. SIRT1 exerts protective effects against a number of age-associated disorders. Caloric restriction increases both Sir2 and SIRT1 activity. This review focuses on the mechanistic insights between caloric restriction and Sir2/SIRT1 activation. A number of molecular links, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide, biotin, and related metabolites, are suggested to be the most important conduits mediating caloric restriction-induced Sir2/SIRT1 activation and lifespan extension. PMID:25349818

Approach to derivation of SIR-C science requirements for calibration. [Shuttle Imaging Radar

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dubois, Pascale C.; Evans, Diane; Van Zyl, Jakob

1992-01-01

Many of the experiments proposed for the forthcoming SIR-C mission require calibrated data, for example those which emphasize (1) deriving quantitative geophysical information (e.g., surface roughness and dielectric constant), (2) monitoring daily and seasonal changes in the Earth's surface (e.g., soil moisture), (3) extending local case studies to regional and worldwide scales, and (4) using SIR-C data with other spaceborne sensors (e.g., ERS-1, JERS-1, and Radarsat). There are three different aspects to the SIR-C calibration problem: radiometric and geometric calibration, which have been previously reported, and polarimetric calibration. The study described in this paper is an attempt at determining the science requirements for polarimetric calibration for SIR-C. A model describing the effect of miscalibration is presented first, followed by an example describing how to assess the calibration requirements specific to an experiment. The effects of miscalibration on some commonly used polarimetric parameters are also discussed. It is shown that polarimetric calibration requirements are strongly application dependent. In consequence, the SIR-C investigators are advised to assess the calibration requirements of their own experiment. A set of numbers summarizing SIR-C polarimetric calibration goals concludes this paper.

Sir Hans Sloane (1660-1735): his life and legacy.

PubMed

Hawkins, Stanley A

2010-01-01

Sir Hans Sloane was born in Killyleagh, Co Down, the seventh and last son of Alexander Sloane. His father, who was of Scottish ancestry, had a long association with James Hamilton, Earl of Clanbrassil who had acquired the castle in Killyleagh and extensive estates in east Down. The Hamilton family took an interest in the education of the Sloane children, and much of the early tuition of Hans was conducted within the library of Killyleagh Castle. In 1679 he moved to London to study medicine and botany. In 1683, he continued his studies in Paris and Montpellier, and graduated from the University of Orange. On his return to London, he became a protégé of Thomas Sydenham. In 1687 he was appointed physician to the Duke of Albemarle and surgeon to the West Indies fleet. While in Jamaica he added countless specimens to his collections, continuing a lifetime passion. He also invented milk chocolate there. Following the untimely death of the duke, he returned to London and built up a fashionable medical practice. He married Elizabeth Langley, heiress of a wealthy city alderman, and widow of a sugar planter in Jamaica. They set up house in Great Russell Street. The family home accommodated his burgeoning collections of books, specimens and curiosities. In 1685 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, later becoming the honorary secretary and president. Following his death, his collections were bought for the nation and formed the foundation of the British Museum.

Analysis of Sir2E in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum: cellular localization, spatial expression and overexpression.

PubMed

Katayama, Takahiro; Yasukawa, Hiro

2008-10-01

It has been reported that Dictyostelium discoideum encodes four silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) proteins (Sir2A-D) showing sequence similarity to human homologues of Sir2 (SIRT1-3). Further screening in a database revealed that D. discoideum encodes an additional Sir2 homologue (Sir2E). The amino acid sequence of Sir2E is not similar to those of SIRTs but is similar to those of proteins encoded by Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum. Fluorescence of Sir2E-green fluorescent protein fusion protein was detected in the D. discoideum nucleus, indicating that Sir2E is a nuclear localizing protein. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and whole-mount in situ hybridization analyses showed that D. discoideum expressed sir2E in amoebae in the growth phase and in prestalk cells in the developmental phase. D. discoideum overexpressing sir2E grew faster than the wild type. These results indicate that Sir2E plays important roles both in the growth phase and developmental phase of D. discoideum.

Development of an Automated Security Incident Reporting System (SIRS) for Bus Transit

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1986-12-01

The security incident reporting system (sirs) is a microcomputer-based software program demonstrated at the metropolitan transit commission (mtc) in Minneapolis, mn. Sirs is designed to provide convenient storage, update and retrieval of security inc...

Acetylation-dependent ADP-ribosylation by Trypanosoma brucei Sir2.

PubMed

Kowieski, Terri M; Lee, Susan; Denu, John M

2008-02-29

Sirtuins are a highly conserved family of proteins implicated in diverse cellular processes such as gene silencing, aging, and metabolic regulation. Although many sirtuins catalyze a well characterized protein/histone deacetylation reaction, there are a number of reports that suggest protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. Here we explored the mechanisms of ADP-ribosylation using the Trypanosoma brucei Sir2 homologue TbSIR2rp1 as a model for sirtuins that reportedly display both activities. Steady-state kinetic analysis revealed a highly active histone deacetylase (k cat = 0.1 s(-1), with Km values of 42 microm and for NAD+ and 65 microm for acetylated substrate). A series of biochemical assays revealed that TbSIR2rp1 ADP-ribosylation of protein/histone requires an acetylated substrate. The data are consistent with two distinct ADP-ribosylation pathways that involve an acetylated substrate, NAD+ and TbSIR2rp1 as follows: 1) a noncatalytic reaction between the deacetylation product O-acetyl-ADP-ribose (or its hydrolysis product ADP-ribose) and histones, and 2) a more efficient mechanism involving interception of an ADP-ribose-acetylpeptide-enzyme intermediate by a side-chain nucleophile from bound histone. However, the sum of both ADP-ribosylation reactions was approximately 5 orders of magnitude slower than histone deacetylation under identical conditions. The biological implications of these results are discussed.

Toni Wolff-James Kirsch correspondence.

PubMed

Kirsch, Thomas B

2003-09-01

This paper draws on the letters between Toni Wolff and James Kirsch from 1929-1933 and from 1949-1953 to highlight some aspects of Toni Wolff's relationship with her superviser and former analysand, James Kirsch. Her personality, her approach to her work as analyst, and her relationship with Jung and with colleagues are illustrated with selected quotes from the correspondence.

Reflection on the "New Dynamics" of Distance Education: An Interview with Sir John Daniel

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Latchem, Colin

2012-01-01

This article presents an interview with Sir John Daniel outgoing President and CEO of the Commonwealth of Learning. Sir John Daniel's term as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Commonwealth of Learning (COL) ended on May 31, 2012. Readers of "Distance Education" will know of Sir John's work at the Tele-universite (Directeur des…

Re-Presenting James Britton: A Symposium.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tirrell, Mary Kay; And Others

1990-01-01

Presents revised versions of four symposium papers examining the work of linguist, teacher, and educator of teachers James Britton. Includes "James Britton: An Impressionistic Sketch" (Mary Kay Tirrell); "Collaborating with Jimmy Britton" (Gordon M. Pradl); "Rejoicing in the Margins" (John Warnock); and "A…

Scientific objectives and selection of targets for the SMART-1 Infrared Spectrometer (SIR)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Basilevsky, A.T.; Keller, H.U.; Nathues, A.; Mall, U.; Hiesinger, H.; Rosiek, M.

2004-01-01

The European SMART-1 mission to the Moon, primarily a testbed for innovative technologies, was launched in September 2003 and will reach the Moon in 2005. On board are several scientific instruments, including the point-spectrometer SMART-1 Infrared Spectrometer (SIR). Taking into account the capabilities of the SMART-1 mission and the SIR instrument in particular, as well as the open questions in lunar science, a selection of targets for SIR observations has been compiled. SIR can address at least five topics: (1) Surface/regolith processes; (2) Lunar volcanism; (3) Lunar crust structure; (4) Search for spectral signatures of ices at the lunar poles; and (5) Ground truth and study of geometric effects on the spectral shape. For each topic we will discuss specific observation modes, necessary to achieve our scientific goals. The majority of SIR targets will be observed in the nadir-tracking mode. More than 100 targets, which require off-nadir pointing and off-nadir tracking, are planned. It is expected that results of SIR observations will significantly increase our understanding of the Moon. Since the exact arrival date and the orbital parameters of the SMART-1 spacecraft are not known yet, a more detailed planning of the scientific observations will follow in the near future. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

President of Council-Sir Alec

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2006-08-17

In December 1983 the president of the Assocation of Personnel of CERN suggested inviting the president of the council to a personnel meeting with the goal of improving communication between the council and the personnel. The DG H. Schopper thanks the president of the council, Sir Alec, for having accepted the invitation despite his busy schedule.

President of Council-Sir Alec

ScienceCinema

None

2018-05-25

In December 1983 the president of the Assocation of Personnel of CERN suggested inviting the president of the council to a personnel meeting with the goal of improving communication between the council and the personnel. The DG H. Schopper thanks the president of the council, Sir Alec, for having accepted the invitation despite his busy schedule.

Sir William Hingston

PubMed Central

Cohen, Jack

1996-01-01

Sir William Hingston was one of Canada’s most illustrious surgeons in the second half of the 19th century. Not only was he a very innovative surgeon but he was an excellent teacher and wrote many medical articles during a career that spanned over 50 years. Active as he was medically, he found time to serve a term as mayor of Montreal and was on the board of directors of various banks and companies. As recognition of his many talents, he was knighted by Queen Victoria in 1895. He died in 1907 at the age of 78 years. PMID:8857994

Sir William Osler revisited.

PubMed Central

Duffy, T. P.

1980-01-01

The basis of Sir William Osler's fame is elusive to almost all and the appropriateness of such recognition is questioned by many. His many contributions as a practitioner, teacher, writer, and scientist in medicine do not adequately explain his prominence 60 years following his death. It was his participation in the covenant of medicine and the special components of that relationship that may account for his hold on his followers today. Images FIG. 1 FIG. 2 PMID:6996344

Maniac Talk - Dr. James Garvin

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-05-28

James Garvin Maniac Lecture, 28 May 2014 Dr. James Garvin, Chief Scientist, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, presented a Maniac Talk entitled "From Brownian Motion to Mars, by way of hockey on the rocks." Jim shared how his passion for rocks and landscapes drove him to promote new remote sensing approaches for measuring their topologies and led to founding of the Mars Science Laboratory and its Curiosity Rover.

Differential pattern of cell-surface and soluble TREM-1 between sepsis and SIRS.

PubMed

Oku, Reiko; Oda, Shigeto; Nakada, Taka-aki; Sadahiro, Tomohito; Nakamura, Masataka; Hirayama, Yoh; Abe, Ryuzo; Tateishi, Yoshihisa; Ito, Michihiro; Iseki, Toru; Hirasawa, Hiroyuki

2013-01-01

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) was reported to play a key roll in amplification of production of inflammatory cytokines. TREM-1 is suggested to be a specific biomarker for sepsis for this reason, but the clinical significance of TREM-1 has not been elucidated. We investigated TREM-1 expression on the cell-surface, and plasma levels of soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) in patients with non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis admitted to the ICU. Thirty-five patients with SIRS and 21 patients with sepsis admitted to ICU were subjected to the study. TREM-1 expressions on the surfaces of monocytes and neutrophils were measured by flow cytometry. Plasma sTREM-1 level and serum interleukin (IL)-6 level were measured. Septic patients had decreased TREM-1 expression, clearly on neutrophils or to a lesser extent on monocyte compared to SIRS patients on ICU admission (neutrophils p<0.001, monocyte p<0.05). TREM-1 expression on neutrophils had a significant inverse correlation with serum IL-6 level (r=-0.64, p<0.0001). Plasma sTREM-1 level in septic patients was significantly higher than that in SIRS patients (p<0.05). Plasma sTREM-1 level positively correlated with severity score and non-survivors had increased plasma sTREM-1 level compared to survivors in all SIRS/sepsis patients (p<0.05). Patients with sepsis had increased soluble TREM-1 and decreased TREM-1 expression on neutrophil compared to SIRS patients. sTREM-1 may be useful to evaluate disease severity and outcome of patients with SIRS or sepsis. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

James Bay

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2013-04-17

article title:  Hudson Bay and James Bay, Canada   ... which scatters more light in the backward direction. This example illustrates how multi-angle viewing can distinguish physical structures ... MD. The MISR data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center in Hampton, VA. Image ...

Sir2a regulates rDNA transcription and multiplication rate in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

PubMed Central

Mancio-Silva, Liliana; Lopez-Rubio, Jose Juan; Claes, Aurélie; Scherf, Artur

2013-01-01

The Plasmodium falciparum histone deacetylase Sir2a localizes at telomeric regions where it contributes to epigenetic silencing of clonally variant virulence genes. Apart from telomeres, PfSir2a also accumulates in the nucleolus, which harbours the developmentally regulated ribosomal RNA genes. Here we investigate the nucleolar function of PfSir2a and demonstrate that PfSir2a fine-tunes ribosomal RNA gene transcription. Using a parasite line in which PfSir2a has been disrupted, we observe that histones near the transcription start sites of all ribosomal RNA genes are hyperacetylated and that transcription of ribosomal RNA genes is upregulated. Complementation of the PfSir2a-disrupted parasites restores the ribosomal RNA levels, whereas PfSir2a overexpression in wild-type parasites decreases ribosomal RNA synthesis. Furthermore, we observe that PfSir2a modulation of ribosomal RNA synthesis is linked to an altered number of daughter merozoites and the parasite multiplication rate. These findings provide new insights into an epigenetic mechanism that controls malaria parasite proliferation and virulence. PMID:23443558

SIR/CAR Analysis Technique for Voluntary School Sport or Amateur Athletic Organizations. A SIR/CAR Application.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moriarty, Dick; Zarebski, John

This paper delineates the exact methodology developed by the Sports Institute for Research/Change Agent Research (SIR/CAR) for applying a systems analysis technique to a voluntary mutual benefit organization, such as a school or amateur athletic group. The functions of the technique are to compare avowed and actual behavior, to utilize group…

Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1735): his life and legacy

PubMed Central

Hawkins, Stanley A

2010-01-01

Sir Hans Sloane was born in Killyleagh, Co Down, the seventh and last son of Alexander Sloane. His father, who was of Scottish ancestry, had a long association with James Hamilton, Earl of Clanbrassil who had acquired the castle in Killyleagh and extensive estates in east Down. The Hamilton family took an interest in the education of the Sloane children, and much of the early tuition of Hans was conducted within the library of Killyleagh Castle. In 1679 he moved to London to study medicine and botany. In 1683, he continued his studies in Paris and Montpellier, and graduated from the University of Orange. On his return to London, he became a protégé of Thomas Sydenham. In 1687 he was appointed physician to the Duke of Albemarle and surgeon to the West Indies fleet. While in Jamaica he added countless specimens to his collections, continuing a lifetime passion. He also invented milk chocolate there. Following the untimely death of the duke, he returned to London and built up a fashionable medical practice. He married Elizabeth Langley, heiress of a wealthy city alderman, and widow of a sugar planter in Jamaica. They set up house in Great Russell Street. The family home accommodated his burgeoning collections of books, specimens and curiosities. In 1685 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, later becoming the honorary secretary and president. Following his death, his collections were bought for the nation and formed the foundation of the British Museum. PMID:20844729

Poor and Rich in James: A Relevance Theory Approach to James's Use of the Old Testament

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morales, Nelson R.

2015-01-01

The epistle of James was for years a forgotten book in academic circles. In recent decades, however, a renewed focus on early Judaism has generated interest in looking at James with new eyes. Poverty and wealth in the epistle continues to be a point of interest. Other topics, however, are still to be explored. One of these topics is the rhetorical…

An overview of the National Space Science data Center Standard Information Retrieval System (SIRS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shapiro, A.; Blecher, S.; Verson, E. E.; King, M. L. (Editor)

1974-01-01

A general overview is given of the National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) Standard Information Retrieval System. A description, in general terms, the information system that contains the data files and the software system that processes and manipulates the files maintained at the Data Center. Emphasis is placed on providing users with an overview of the capabilities and uses of the NSSDC Standard Information Retrieval System (SIRS). Examples given are taken from the files at the Data Center. Detailed information about NSSDC data files is documented in a set of File Users Guides, with one user's guide prepared for each file processed by SIRS. Detailed information about SIRS is presented in the SIRS Users Guide.

[Procalcitonin as a diagnostic marker in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis].

PubMed

Hryckiewicz, Katarzyna; Juszczyk, Jacek; Samet, Alfred; Arłukowicz, Elzbieta; Sledzińska, Anna; Bolewska, Beata

2006-01-01

Evaluation the value of procalcitonin as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in septic patients and patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). 126 patients were included into the study. The patients were divided into four groups: 1--septic patients with positive blood cultures, 2--septic patients with negative blood cultures, 3--patients with SIRS, 4--patients without sepsis and SIRS. PCT level was measured by imunoluminometric assay (LUMItest) and immunochromatographic assay (PCT-Q). PCT level is higher in patients with sepsis than in patients with SIRS. PCT level is only slightly elevated in patients without sepsis and SIRS. The highest PCT level is found in patients with septic shock. In patients with the clinical improvement the frequency of PCT level increase is approximately twice lower than in patients who died. Measurement of PCT level on the first, second and third day of hospitalization has no prognostic value. There is no significant difference in PCT level in sepsis caused by Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. PCT is a useful marker in diagnosis of sepsis but its role in monitoring the severity of sepsis requires more clinical studies.

Space perception and William James's metaphysical presuppositions.

PubMed

Farrell, Martin J

2011-05-01

William James's overtly philosophical work may be more continuous with his psychological work than is sometimes thought. His Essays in Radical Empiricism can be understood as an explicit statement of the absolute presupposition that formed the basis of Jamesian psychology: that direct experience is primary and has to be taken at face value. An examination of James's theory of space perception suggests that, even in his early work, he presupposed the primacy of direct experience, and that later changes in his account of space perception can be understood as making his view more consistent with this presupposition. In his earlier view of space perception, James argued that sensations were directly experienced as spatial, though he accepted that spatial relations between sensations may be constructed by higher order thought. In his later view, however, James argued that spatial relations were just as directly experienced as sensations. The work of T. H. Green may have prompted James to recognize the full consequence of his ideas and to realize that taking experience at face value required that spatial relations be thought of as intrinsic to experience rather than the result of intellectual construction.

Evaluation of SIR-B imagery for geologic and geomorphic mapping, hydrology, and oceanography in Australia

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Honey, F. R.; Simpson, C. J.; Huntington, J.; Horwitz, R.; Byrne, G.; Nilsson, C.

1984-01-01

The objectives of a study to evaluate the potential of Shuttle Imaging Radar-B (SIR-B) imagery for various applications are outlined. Specific goals include: the development of techniques for registration multiple acquisition, varied illumination, and incidence-angle SIR-B imagery, and a model for estimation of the relative contributions to the backscattered radiation of topography, surface roughness, and dielectric and conductivity components; (2) the evaluation of SIR-B imagery for delineation of agricultural lands affected by secondary salinity in the southwest and southeast agricultural regions of Australia; (3) the development of techniques for application of SIR-B imagery for geologic, geomorphologic and soils mapping and mineral exploration; and (4) the evaluation of the use of SIR-B imagery in determining ocean currents, current shear patterns, internal waves and bottom features for specific locations off the Australian coast.

Treatment of post-cardiopulmonary bypass SIRS by hemoadsorption: a case series.

PubMed

Träger, Karl; Fritzler, Daniel; Fischer, Guenther; Schröder, Janpeter; Skrabal, Christian; Liebold, Andreas; Reinelt, Helmut

2016-05-16

The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in cardiothoracic surgery results in a well-known activation of the immunologic response. In some cases, however, this triggered immunologic response may be excessive, leading to a severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and induced organ dysfunction. For example, patients frequently develop hemodynamic instability with hypotension and low systemic vascular resistance. To date, different therapeutic approaches, such as steroids, have been tried to control this maladaptive postoperative SIRS response, yet definitive proof of clinical efficacy is missing. A new cytokine adsorber device (CytoSorb; CytoSorbents) may be a useful approach to control hyperinflammatory systemic reactions by reducing a broad range of proinflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. This may, in turn, help to reestablish a physiologic immune response and help to restore deranged clinical parameters in these patients. In this retrospective case series study, we describe 16 cardiac surgery patients following prolonged CPB with post-CPB SIRS and subsequent acute kidney injury, who were then treated with hemoadsorption using CytoSorb in combination with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Treatment of patients with CytoSorb who presented with severe post-CPB SIRS resulted in a reduction of elevated cytokine levels, which was associated with a clear stabilization of deranged hemodynamic, metabolic, and organ function parameters. Treatment was well tolerated and safe, with no device-related adverse events occurring. CytoSorb therapy combined with CRRT is a potentially promising new treatment approach to achieve hemodynamic stability, cytokine reduction, and improved organ function in cardiac surgery patients who develop post-CPB SIRS.

Performance of the SIR-B digital image processing subsystem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Curlander, J. C.

1986-01-01

A ground-based system to generate digital SAR image products has been developed and implemented in support of the SIR-B mission. This system is designed to achieve the maximum throughput while meeting strict image fidelity criteria. Its capabilities include: automated radiometric and geometric correction of the output imagery; high-precision absolute location without tiepoint registration; filtering of the raw data to remove spurious signals from alien radars; and automated catologing to maintain a full set of radar and image production facility in support of the SIR-B science investigators routinely produces over 80 image frames per week.

Immunoparalysis: Clinical and immunological associations in SIRS and severe sepsis patients.

PubMed

Papadopoulos, Panagiotis; Pistiki, Aikaterini; Theodorakopoulou, Maria; Christodoulopoulou, Theodora; Damoraki, Georgia; Goukos, Dimitris; Briassouli, Efrossini; Dimopoulou, Ioanna; Armaganidis, Apostolos; Nanas, Serafim; Briassoulis, George; Tsiodras, Sotirios

2017-04-01

This study was designed to identify changes in the monocytic membrane marker HLA-DR and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in relation to T-regulatory cells (T-regs) and other immunological marker changes in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or sepsis/septic shock. Healthy volunteers, intensive care unit (ICU) patients with SIRS due to head injury and ICU patients with severe sepsis/septic shock were enrolled in the current study. Determination of CD14+/HLA-DR+ cells, intracellular heat-shock proteins and other immunological parameters were performed by flow cytometry and RT-PCR techniques as appropriate. Univariate and multivariate analysis examined associations of CD14/HLA-DR, HSPs, T-regs and suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins with SIRS, sepsis and outcome. Fifty patients (37 with severe sepsis and 13 with SIRS) were enrolled, together with 20 healthy volunteers used as a control group. Compared to healthy individuals, patients with SIRS and severe sepsis showed progressive decline of their CD14/HLA-DR expression (0% to 7.7% to 50% within each study subpopulation, p<0.001). Mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) levels of HSP70 and HSP90 on monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells were significantly higher in SIRS patients compared to controls and fell significantly in severe sepsis/septic shock patients (p<0.05 for all comparisons). There was no statistically significant difference between subgroups for levels of T-regulatory cells or relative copies of Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling 3 (SOCS3) proteins. In univariate models percent of CD14/HLA-DR was associated with mortality (OR: 1.8 95%CI 1.02-3.2, p=0.05), while in multivariate models after adjusting for CD14/HLA-DR only younger age and lower Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores were associated with increased chances of survival (beta -0.05, OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.9-0.99, p=0.038 for age and beta -0.11, OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.8-0.99, p=0.037 for APACHE II

Sir Busick Harwood: a reappraisal

PubMed Central

Williamson, Raymond

1983-01-01

Sir Busick Harwood was Professor of Anatomy in the University of Cambridge from 1785 to 1814 and simultaneously Downing Professor of Medicine from 1800 to 1814. Some historical accounts suggest that he was not highly regarded either as a scientist or a teacher, and this note attempts to restore his academic reputation and show how his achievements helped to initiate improvements in medical education at that time. PMID:6358728

Plasma biomarkers of SIRS and MODS associated with canine babesiosis.

PubMed

Kuleš, J; de Torre-Minguela, C; Barić Rafaj, R; Gotić, J; Nižić, P; Ceron, J J; Mrljak, V

2016-04-01

Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by the haemoprotozoan parasites of the genus Babesia. Early detection of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is of major importance in clinical practice for providing information about severity and outcomes of the disease and therapy. Plasma samples were taken at admission from five dogs with uncomplicated babesiosis caused by B. canis canis, five dogs with babesiosis and SIRS, five dogs with babesiosis and MODS, and five healthy dogs. After two-dimensional electrophoresis and capillary reversed - phase liquid chromatography coupled online with tandem mass spectrometry, 68 differentially expressed spots with level of significance P<0.05 were detected between groups. SIRS in babesiosis was characterised by increases in paraoxonase 1 and apoA-I, whereas MODS with decrease of complement inhibitors leading to prolonged complement activation and decrease of vitamin D binding protein due to haemolysis and activation of the coagulation cascade. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Local IGF-1 isoform protects cardiomyocytes from hypertrophic and oxidative stresses via SirT1 activity.

PubMed

Vinciguerra, Manlio; Santini, Maria Paola; Claycomb, William C; Ladurner, Andreas G; Rosenthal, Nadia

2009-12-10

Oxidative and hypertrophic stresses contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a peptide hormone with a complex post-transcriptional regulation, generating distinct isoforms. Locally acting IGF-1 isoform (mIGF-1) helps the heart to recover from toxic injury and from infarct. In the murine heart, moderate overexpression of the NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase SirT1 was reported to mitigate oxidative stress. SirT1 is known to promote lifespan extension and to protect from metabolic challenges. Circulating IGF-1 and SirT1 play antagonizing biological roles and share molecular targets in the heart, in turn affecting cardiomyocyte physiology. However, how different IGF-1 isoforms may impact SirT1 and affect cardiomyocyte function is unknown. Here we show that locally acting mIGF-1 increases SirT1 expression/activity, whereas circulating IGF-1 isoform does not affect it, in cultured HL-1 and neonatal cardiomyocytes. mIGF-1-induced SirT1 activity exerts protection against angiotensin II (Ang II)-triggered hypertrophy and against paraquat (PQ) and Ang II-induced oxidative stress. Conversely, circulating IGF-1 triggered itself oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Interestingly, potent cardio-protective genes (adiponectin, UCP-1 and MT-2) were increased specifically in mIGF-1-overexpressing cardiomyocytes, in a SirT1-dependent fashion. Thus, mIGF-1 protects cardiomyocytes from oxidative and hypertrophic stresses via SirT1 activity, and may represent a promising cardiac therapeutic.

Local IGF-1 isoform protects cardiomyocytes from hypertrophic and oxidative stresses via SirT1 activity

PubMed Central

Vinciguerra, Manlio; Santini, Maria Paola; Claycomb, William C.; Ladurner, Andreas G.; Rosenthal, Nadia

2010-01-01

Oxidative and hypertrophic stresses contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a peptide hormone with a complex post-transcriptional regulation, generating distinct isoforms. Locally acting IGF-1 isoform (mIGF-1) helps the heart to recover from toxic injury and from infarct. In the murine heart, moderate overexpression of the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SirT1 was reported to mitigate oxidative stress. SirT1 is known to promote lifespan extension and to protect from metabolic challenges. Circulating IGF-1 and SirT1 play antagonizing biological roles and share molecular targets in the heart, in turn affecting cardiomyocyte physiology. However, how different IGF-1 isoforms may impact SirT1 and affect cardiomyocyte function is unknown. Here we show that locally acting mIGF-1 increases SirT1 expression/activity, whereas circulating IGF-1 isoform does not affect it, in cultured HL-1 and neonatal cardiomyocytes. mIGF-1-induced SirT1 activity exerts protection against angiotensin II (Ang II)-triggered hypertrophy and against paraquat (PQ) and Ang II-induced oxidative stress. Conversely, circulating IGF-1 triggered itself oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Interestingly, potent cardio-protective genes (adiponectin, UCP-1 and MT-2) were increased specifically in mIGF-1-overexpressing cardiomyocytes, in a SirT1-dependent fashion. Thus, mIGF-1 protects cardiomyocytes from oxidative and hypertrophic stresses via SirT1 activity, and may represent a promising cardiac therapeutic. PMID:20228935

The Darwinian Center to the Vision of William James.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bredo, Eric

The essence of William James's vision can sometimes be hard to discover due to emotional volatility and exploratory impulsiveness. On the other hand, beneath James's apparent inconsistency was a constancy of purpose that can be easily underestimated. This paper argues that the center of James's vision lay in an interpretation of Darwinism. By…

Pinacate-gran Desierto Region, Mexico: SIR-A Data Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Christensen, P.; Greeley, R.; Mchone, J.; Asmerom, Y.; Barnett, S.

1984-01-01

Radar images (SIR-A) from the Columbia space shuttle were used to assess the radar returns of terrain shaped by volcanic, aeolian, and fluvial processes in northwest Sonora. Field studies and photointerpretation show that sand dunes are poorly imaged by SIR-A, in contrast to SEASAT, evidently a consequence of the greater SIR-A incidence angle; star dunes are visible only as small bright spots representing merging arms at dune apices which may act as corner reflectors. Desert grasses and bushes (approx. 2 m high) have little effect on radar brightness. Only larger trees with woody trunks approx. 0.5 m across are effective radar reflectors; their presence contributes to radar bright zones along some arroyos. The radar brightness of lava flows decreases with surface roughness and presence of mantling windblown sediments and weathering products; however, old uplifted (faulted) flows are of equal brightness to fresh, unmantled aa flows. Maar craters display circular patterns of varying radar brightness which represent a combination of geometry, slope, and distribution of surface materials. Some radar bright rings in the Pinacates resemble craters on radar but are observed to be playas encircled by trees.

[Establishment of the rapid, hypersensitive testing systems for sepsis/SIRS].

PubMed

Kitajima, Isao; Niimi, Hideki

2012-01-01

We developed a new infectious disease diagnostic system in order to raise the lifesaving rate in systemic inflammatory reactive syndrome, SIRS. Using eukaryote-derived thermostable DNA polymerase, the sensitive and reliable detection of bacteria becomes feasible for large fields, thereby making the development of a wide range of powerful applications possible. Further, we have established a novel measurement system for NF-kappaB activity using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy(FCS) because the elevation of NF-kappaB activity reflects acute inflammation. NF-kappaB activity measurement in patients with SIRS may provide a useful inflammatory marker.

Henry James on the Art of Acting.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, David W.

Henry James, the nineteenth-century American novelist, also served on occasion as a theatre critic. Between 1875 and 1890 he reviewed several productions in Boston, New York, London, and Paris for "Atlantic Monthly" and other periodicals. The reviews are of interest because of James' high standards regarding acting and his often…

Dimensional reduction for a SIR type model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cahyono, Edi; Soeharyadi, Yudi; Mukhsar

2018-03-01

Epidemic phenomena are often modeled in the form of dynamical systems. Such model has also been used to model spread of rumor, spread of extreme ideology, and dissemination of knowledge. Among the simplest is SIR (susceptible, infected and recovered) model, a model that consists of three compartments, and hence three variables. The variables are functions of time which represent the number of subpopulations, namely suspect, infected and recovery. The sum of the three is assumed to be constant. Hence, the model is actually two dimensional which sits in three-dimensional ambient space. This paper deals with the reduction of a SIR type model into two variables in two-dimensional ambient space to understand the geometry and dynamics better. The dynamics is studied, and the phase portrait is presented. The two dimensional model preserves the equilibrium and the stability. The model has been applied for knowledge dissemination, which has been the interest of knowledge management.

Sir Sandford Fleming College Repositioning Strategies Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sir Sandford Fleming Coll., Peterborough (Ontario).

This report describes repositioning strategies undertaken by Sir Sandford Fleming College, in Ontario, to respond to changing student demographics, educational demands, and reduced funding. Following opening remarks by the college president providing an overview of the strategies and the use of all-staff meetings to generate responses from the…

dSir2 mediates the increased spontaneous physical activity in flies on calorie restriction.

PubMed

Parashar, Vijay; Rogina, Blanka

2009-06-22

Calorie restriction (CR) is the most effective way to increase life span and delay the onset of age-related symptoms in animals. We have previously reported that CR affects a variety of physiological phenotypes in flies and results in dramatic behavioral, physical and demographic changes. Here we show effects of low and high calorie levels on the spontaneous physical activity of flies. Wild type flies maintained on a low calorie diet exhibit higher spontaneous activity compared to flies on higher calorie diets. This increase is dependent on the presence of Sir2 since a low calorie diet does not increase the activity of dSir2 null flies. Similarly, increasing dSir2 activity by feeding flies resveratrol, a CR mimetic, increases spontaneous physical activity of flies on high caloric food. In Drosophila, spontaneous physical activity therefore closely mimics life span in its dependence on Sir2.

Tolerance of Sir1p/Origin Recognition Complex-Dependent Silencing for Enhanced Origin Firing at HMRa

PubMed Central

McConnell, Kristopher H.; Müller, Philipp; Fox, Catherine A.

2006-01-01

The HMR-E silencer is a DNA element that directs the formation of silent chromatin at the HMRa locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sir1p is one of four Sir proteins required for silent chromatin formation at HMRa. Sir1p functions by binding the origin recognition complex (ORC), which binds to HMR-E, and recruiting the other Sir proteins (Sir2p to -4p). ORCs also bind to hundreds of nonsilencer positions distributed throughout the genome, marking them as replication origins, the sites for replication initiation. HMR-E also acts as a replication origin, but compared to many origins in the genome, it fires extremely inefficiently and late during S phase. One postulate to explain this observation is that ORC's role in origin firing is incompatible with its role in binding Sir1p and/or the formation of silent chromatin. Here we examined a mutant HMR-E silencer and fusions between robust replication origins and HMR-E for HMRa silencing, origin firing, and replication timing. Origin firing within HMRa and from the HMR-E silencer itself could be significantly enhanced, and the timing of HMRa replication during an otherwise normal S phase advanced, without a substantial reduction in SIR1-dependent silencing. However, although the robust origin/silencer fusions silenced HMRa quite well, they were measurably less effective than a comparable silencer containing HMR-E's native ORC binding site. PMID:16479013

Inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi Sir2 related protein 1 as potential drugs against Chagas disease

PubMed Central

KongThoo Lin, Paul; Costa, David M.; Perez-Cabezas, Begoña; Tavares, Joana; Roura-Ferrer, Meritxell; Ramos, Isbaal; Ronin, Céline; Major, Louise L.; Ciesielski, Fabrice; Pemberton, Iain K.; MacDougall, Jane; Ciapetti, Paola; Cordeiro-da-Silva, Anabela

2018-01-01

Chagas disease remains one of the most neglected diseases in the world despite being the most important parasitic disease in Latin America. The characteristic chronic manifestation of chagasic cardiomyopathy is the region’s leading cause of heart-related illness, causing significant mortality and morbidity. Due to the limited available therapeutic options, new drugs are urgently needed to control the disease. Sirtuins, also called Silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) proteins have long been suggested as interesting targets to treat different diseases, including parasitic infections. Recent studies on Trypanosoma cruzi sirtuins have hinted at the possibility to exploit these enzymes as a possible drug targets. In the present work, the T. cruzi Sir2 related protein 1 (TcSir2rp1) is genetically validated as a drug target and biochemically characterized for its NAD+-dependent deacetylase activity and its inhibition by the classic sirtuin inhibitor nicotinamide, as well as by bisnaphthalimidopropyl (BNIP) derivatives, a class of parasite sirtuin inhibitors. BNIPs ability to inhibit TcSir2rp1, and anti-parasitic activity against T. cruzi amastigotes in vitro were investigated. The compound BNIP Spermidine (BNIPSpd) (9), was found to be the most potent inhibitor of TcSir2rp1. Moreover, this compound showed altered trypanocidal activity against TcSir2rp1 overexpressing epimastigotes and anti-parasitic activity similar to the reference drug benznidazole against the medically important amastigotes, while having the highest selectivity index amongst the compounds tested. Unfortunately, BNIPSpd failed to treat a mouse model of Chagas disease, possibly due to its pharmacokinetic profile. Medicinal chemistry modifications of the compound, as well as alternative formulations may improve activity and pharmacokinetics in the future. Additionally, an initial TcSIR2rp1 model in complex with p53 peptide substrate was obtained from low resolution X-ray data (3.5 Å) to gain insight

Inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi Sir2 related protein 1 as potential drugs against Chagas disease.

PubMed

Gaspar, Luís; Coron, Ross P; KongThoo Lin, Paul; Costa, David M; Perez-Cabezas, Begoña; Tavares, Joana; Roura-Ferrer, Meritxell; Ramos, Isbaal; Ronin, Céline; Major, Louise L; Ciesielski, Fabrice; Pemberton, Iain K; MacDougall, Jane; Ciapetti, Paola; Smith, Terry K; Cordeiro-da-Silva, Anabela

2018-01-01

Chagas disease remains one of the most neglected diseases in the world despite being the most important parasitic disease in Latin America. The characteristic chronic manifestation of chagasic cardiomyopathy is the region's leading cause of heart-related illness, causing significant mortality and morbidity. Due to the limited available therapeutic options, new drugs are urgently needed to control the disease. Sirtuins, also called Silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) proteins have long been suggested as interesting targets to treat different diseases, including parasitic infections. Recent studies on Trypanosoma cruzi sirtuins have hinted at the possibility to exploit these enzymes as a possible drug targets. In the present work, the T. cruzi Sir2 related protein 1 (TcSir2rp1) is genetically validated as a drug target and biochemically characterized for its NAD+-dependent deacetylase activity and its inhibition by the classic sirtuin inhibitor nicotinamide, as well as by bisnaphthalimidopropyl (BNIP) derivatives, a class of parasite sirtuin inhibitors. BNIPs ability to inhibit TcSir2rp1, and anti-parasitic activity against T. cruzi amastigotes in vitro were investigated. The compound BNIP Spermidine (BNIPSpd) (9), was found to be the most potent inhibitor of TcSir2rp1. Moreover, this compound showed altered trypanocidal activity against TcSir2rp1 overexpressing epimastigotes and anti-parasitic activity similar to the reference drug benznidazole against the medically important amastigotes, while having the highest selectivity index amongst the compounds tested. Unfortunately, BNIPSpd failed to treat a mouse model of Chagas disease, possibly due to its pharmacokinetic profile. Medicinal chemistry modifications of the compound, as well as alternative formulations may improve activity and pharmacokinetics in the future. Additionally, an initial TcSIR2rp1 model in complex with p53 peptide substrate was obtained from low resolution X-ray data (3.5 Å) to gain insight

A nonlinear SIR with stability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trisilowati, Darti, I.; Fitri, S.

2014-02-01

The aim of this work is to develop a mathematical model of a nonlinear susceptible-infectious-removed (SIR) epidemic model with vaccination. We analyze the stability of the model by linearizing the model around the equilibrium point. Then, diphtheria data from East Java province is fitted to the model. From these estimated parameters, we investigate which parameters that play important role in the epidemic model. Some numerical simulations are given to illustrate the analytical results and the behavior of the model.

Serum inflammatory markers in the elderly: are they useful in differentiating sepsis from SIRS?

PubMed

Talebi-Taher, Mahshid; Babazadeh, Shahin; Barati, Mitra; Latifnia, Maryam

2014-01-01

Differentiating sepsis from other noninfectious causes of systemic inflammation is often difficult in the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of C-reactive protein (CRP), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), procalcitonin (PCT), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) to identify elderly patients with sepsis. In this single center prospective observational study, we included all consecutive elderly patients admitted with suspected sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in an emergency department. Blood samples for measuring CRP, PCT, IL-6, ESR and white blood cells (WBC) count were taken at first day of admission. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated for each inflammatory markers being studied. A total of 150 elderly patients aged 65 and older, 50 with sepsis and 50 with SIRS, and fifty individuals in a normal health status were included. CRP exhibited the greatest sensitivity (98%) and negative predictive value (98.6%) and performed best in differentiating patients with sepsis from those with SIRS. In a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, IL-6 performed best in distinguishing between SIRS and the control group (AUC 0.75, 95% CI). On the other hand, both CRP and ESR appeared to be a more accurate diagnostic parameter for differentiating sepsis from SIRS among elderly patients.

The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) to identify infected patients in the emergency room.

PubMed

Jaimes, Fabián; Garcés, Jenny; Cuervo, Jorge; Ramírez, Federico; Ramírez, Jorge; Vargas, Andrea; Quintero, Claudia; Ochoa, Jorge; Tandioy, Fabio; Zapata, Láder; Estrada, Juan; Yepes, Maria; Leal, Hiulber

2003-08-01

Evaluation of the usefulness of criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) compared with the final diagnosis of infection in patients admitted to the emergency room of two university-based hospitals. Longitudinal cohort study. Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paul and Hospital General de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia. PATIENTS. Seven hundred thirty-four patients with suspected infection as main diagnosis for admittance into the emergency room. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios (LR) of SIRS criteria at admission were determined using, as gold standards, the diagnosis at the time of discharge based on clinical history and evolution, and microbiological confirmation of infection. SIRS criteria were met by 503 patients (68.5%); the discharge diagnosis of infection was found in 657 (89.4%) and 276 (37%) had microbiological confirmation. SIRS criteria exhibited a sensitivity of 69%, specificity of 35%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 90%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 12% and positive LR of 1.06. There were no differences between the two gold standards. The finding of two or more SIRS criteria was of little usefulness for diagnosis of infection. It is necessary to work with new criteria and probably with biological markers, in order to obtain a simple, precise and operative definition of the sepsis phenomenon.

Sir William Jenner (1815-1898) and Queen Victoria.

PubMed

Seddon, David; Queen Victoria

2004-08-01

This biographical note outlines the work of Sir William Jenner (1815-1898), court physician 1861-93 and President of the Royal College of Physicians 1881-8. He was the first to distinguish between typhoid and typhus both clinically and pathologically.

Comparison of QSOFA score and SIRS criteria as screening mechanisms for emergency department sepsis.

PubMed

Haydar, Samir; Spanier, Matthew; Weems, Patricia; Wood, Samantha; Strout, Tania

2017-11-01

The Quick Sequential [Sepsis-related] Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score has been shown to accurately predict mortality in septic patients and is part of recently proposed diagnostic criteria for sepsis. We sought to ascertain the sensitive of the score in diagnosing sepsis, as well as the diagnostic timeliness of the score when compared to traditional systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria in a population of emergency department (ED) patients treated in the ED, admitted, and subsequently discharged with a diagnosis of sepsis. Electronic health records of 200 patients who were treated for suspected sepsis in our ED and ultimately discharged from our hospital with a diagnosis of sepsis were randomly selected for review from a population of adult ED patients (N=1880). Data extracted included the presence of SIRS criteria and the qSOFA score as well as time required to meet said criteria. In this cohort, 94.5% met SIRS criteria while in the ED whereas only 58.3% met qSOFA. The mean time from arrival to SIRS documentation was 47.1min (95% CI: 36.5-57.8) compared to 84.0min (95% CI: 62.2-105.8) for qSOFA. The median ED "door" to positive SIRS criteria was 12min and 29min for qSOFA. Although qSOFA may be valuable in predicting sepsis-related mortality, it performed poorly as a screening tool for identifying sepsis in the ED. As the time to meet qSOFA criteria was significantly longer than for SIRS, relying on qSOFA alone may delay initiation of evidence-based interventions known to improve sepsis-related outcomes. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Study on the threshold of a stochastic SIR epidemic model and its extensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Dianli

2016-09-01

This paper provides a simple but effective method for estimating the threshold of a class of the stochastic epidemic models by use of the nonnegative semimartingale convergence theorem. Firstly, the threshold R0SIR is obtained for the stochastic SIR model with a saturated incidence rate, whose value is below 1 or above 1 will completely determine the disease to go extinct or prevail for any size of the white noise. Besides, when R0SIR > 1 , the system is proved to be convergent in time mean. Then, the threshold of the stochastic SIVS models with or without saturated incidence rate are also established by the same method. Comparing with the previously-known literatures, the related results are improved, and the method is simpler than before.

James Ferguson remembered

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davenhall, Clive

2012-03-01

The year 2010 marked the three hundredth anniversary of the birth of the astronomer, author and lecturer James Ferguson (1710-1776). Subsequently I visited the site of the churchyard where Ferguson is buried. He is mentioned in a plaque on the site and I thought that the details might be of interest.

Enhanced radiosensitivity and radiation-induced apoptosis in glioma CD133-positive cells by knockdown of SirT1 expression

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chang, C.-J.; Hsu, C.-C.; Department of Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan

2009-03-06

CD133-expressing glioma cells play a critical role in tumor recovery after treatment and are resistant to radiotherapy. Herein, we demonstrated that glioblastoma-derived CD133-positive cells (GBM-CD133{sup +}) are capable of self-renewal and express high levels of embryonic stem cell genes and SirT1 compared to GBM-CD133{sup -} cells. To evaluate the role of SirT1 in GBM-CD133{sup +}, we used a lentiviral vector expressing shRNA to knock-down SirT1 expression (sh-SirT1) in GBM-CD133{sup +}. Silencing of SirT1 significantly enhanced the sensitivity of GBM-CD133{sup +} to radiation and increased the level of radiation-mediated apoptosis. Importantly, knock-down of SirT1 increased the effectiveness of radiotherapy in themore » inhibition of tumor growth in nude mice transplanted with GBM-CD133{sup +}. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that the mean survival rate of GBM-CD133{sup +} mice treated with radiotherapy was significantly improved by Sh-SirT1 as well. In sum, these results suggest that SirT1 is a potential target for increasing the sensitivity of GBM and glioblastoma-associated cancer stem cells to radiotherapy.« less

Analysis of SIR-A antenna tests

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carver, K. R.; Post, C. C.

1979-01-01

The purpose of this report is: (1) to provide an analysis of antenna test procedures used at JPL for measurement of the SIR-A antenna and (2) to point out that the measured E-plane patterns differ in some significant respects from the true pattern as experienced during the OFT-2 space deployment; this results principally from the finite range length associated with the JPL far-field range.

Delineation of major geologic structures in Turkey using SIR-B data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Toksoz, M. N.; Pettengill, G. H.; Ford, P.; Gulen, L.

1984-01-01

Shuttle Imaging Radar-B (SIR-B) images of well mapped segments of major faults, such as the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) and East Anatolian Fault (EAF) will be studied to identify the prominent signatures that characterize the fault zones for those specific regions. The information will be used to delineate the unmapped fault zones in areas with similar geological and geomorphological properties. The data obtained from SIR-B images will be compared and correlated with the LANDSAT thematic mapper and seismicity alignments based on well constrained earthquake epicenters.

Recombinant NAD-dependent SIR-2 protein of Leishmania donovani: immunobiochemical characterization as a potential vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis.

PubMed

Baharia, Rajendra K; Tandon, Rati; Sharma, Tanuj; Suthar, Manish K; Das, Sanchita; Siddiqi, Mohammad Imran; Saxena, Jitendra Kumar; Sundar, Shaym; Sunder, Shyam; Dube, Anuradha

2015-03-01

The development of a vaccine conferring long-lasting immunity remains a challenge against visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Immunoproteomic characterization of Leishmania donovani proteins led to the identification of a novel protein NAD+-dependent Silent Information regulatory-2 (SIR2 family or sirtuin) protein (LdSir2RP) as one of the potent immunostimulatory proteins. Proteins of the SIR2 family are characterized by a conserved catalytic domain that exerts unique NAD-dependent deacetylase activity. In the present study, an immunobiochemical characterization of LdSir2RP and further evaluation of its immunogenicity and prophylactic potential was done to assess for its possible involvement as a vaccine candidate against leishmaniasis. LdSir2RP was successfully cloned, expressed and purified. The gene was present as a monomeric protein of ~45 kDa and further established by the crosslinking experiment. rLdSir2RP shown cytosolic localization in L. donovani and demonstrating NAD+-dependent deacetylase activity. Bioinformatic analysis also confirmed that LdSir2RP protein has NAD binding domain. The rLdSir2RP was further assessed for its cellular response by lymphoproliferative assay and cytokine ELISA in cured Leishmania patients and hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) in comparison to soluble Leishmania antigen and it was observed to stimulate the production of IFN-γ, IL-12 and TNF-α significantly but not the IL-4 and IL-10. The naïve hamsters when vaccinated with rLdSir2RP alongwith BCG resisted the L. donovani challenge to the tune of ~75% and generated strong IL-12 and IFN-γ mediated Th1 type immune response thereof. The efficacy was further supported by remarkable increase in IgG2 antibody level which is indicative of Th1 type of protective response. Further, with a possible implication in vaccine design against VL, identification of potential T-cell epitopes of rLdSir2RP was done using computational approach. The immunobiochemical characterization strongly suggest the

Sir Thomas Brisbane's Legacy to Colonial Science: Colonial Astronomy at the Parramatta Observatory, 1822-1848

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saunders, Shirley D.

2004-12-01

Sir Thomas Makdougall Brisbane's legacy to colonial science derives from his initiative in establishing a privately owned observatory in the southern hemisphere, the Parramatta Observatory, during his term as Governor of the Colony of New South Wales from 1822 to 1825. In this paper a discussion is given of the origin and setting up of Brisbane's Parramatta Observatory, including the recruitment and employment of Carl Rümker and James Dunlop. An account is given of the choice of the work undertaken at Parramatta Observatory when it was privately owned by Brisbane such as the rediscovery of Encke's Comet in 1822, the publication of a catalogue of 7,385 southern stars in 1835 and measurements of earthly phenomena such as the weather, the temperature of the interior of the Earth and the figure of the Earth. An investigation is made of the ensuing struggles as the Parramatta Observatory moved from a private, gentlemanly endeavour to a more accountable public-sector institution in a distant colony of Britain. The main events concerning the public Parramatta Observatory are chronicled from 1826 to 1830 during the years when Rümker worked at the Observatory. A discussion is given of the period 1831 to 1848 at the Parramatta Observatory during Dunlop's term of public office, concluding with an account of the decay and demolition of the observatory.

Prognostic significance of brain natriuretic peptide obtained in the ED in patients with SIRS or sepsis.

PubMed

Chen, Yunxia; Li, Chunsheng

2009-07-01

The study was conducted to know the significance of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) for prognosis of septic patients. The subjects were 1000 patients selected in emergency department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of the Capital Medical University (Beijing, China) and were classified into 3 groups as follows: systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), non-SIRS, and sepsis groups. Plasma serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and the positive detection rates of BNP were examined. The BNP level of 100 pg/mL or more was regarded as positive, and then the positive detection rates of BNP of these groups were compared. The prognostic values of BNP and APACHE (Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation) II score for the 28-day mortality were investigated, and their cutoff values for death were determined. There were significant differences in the positive detection rates of BNP between any 2 groups and in 28-day mortality between the patients with SIRS and non-SIRS groups. The BNP level had positive correlation to APACHE II score in 3 groups. Brain natriuretic peptide level of more than 113 pg/mL was independent predictor of death in septic patients. The positive rates of BNP in SIRS and septic patients were significantly higher than that of non-SIRS patients, and this is an index for unfavorable prognosis in septic patients.

The susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model for viral marketing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ismail, Siti Suhaila; Akil, Ku Azlina Ku; Chulan, Majdah; Sharif, Noorzila

2017-11-01

Viral marketing is a marketing strategy utilizes social media to spread information about a product or services provided. It is the most powerful way to share information in a short amount of time. The objective of this study is to investigate the dynamic of viral marketing within a time duration in the point of view of mathematics. This study used the epidemiological model known as Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR). The model consists of a system of three differential equations with three state variables namely susceptible (S), infected (I) and recovered (R). It considers a case of SIR model with demography. Numerical experiments have been performed. The results show that viral marketing reaches its peak within two days. The online messages shared will become higher if the initial number of the infected individual has been increased.

Analysis of multiple incidence angle SIR-B data for determining forest stand characteristics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoffer, R. M.; Lozano-Garcia, D. F.; Gillespie, D. D.; Mueller, P. W.; Ruzek, M. J.

1986-01-01

For the first time in the U.S. space program, digital synthetic aperture radar (SR) data were obtained from different incidence angles during Space Shuttle Mission 41-G. Shuttle Imaging Radar-B (SIR-B) data were obtained at incidence angles of 58 deg., 45 deg., and 28 deg., on October 9, 10, and 11, 1984, respectively, for a predominantly forested study area in northern Florida. Cloud-free LANDSAT Thematic Mapper (T.M.) data were obtained over the same area on October 12. The SIR-B data were processed and then digitally registered to the LANDSAT T.M. data by scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. This is the only known digitally registered SIR-B and T.M. data set for which the data were obtained nearly simultaneously. The data analysis of this information is discussed.

Hoarding symptoms among psychiatric outpatients: confirmatory factor analysis and psychometric properties of the Saving Inventory - Revised (SI-R).

PubMed

Lee, Siau Pheng; Ong, Clarissa; Sagayadevan, Vathsala; Ong, Rebecca; Abdin, Edimansyah; Lim, Susan; Vaingankar, Janhavi; Picco, Louisa; Verma, Swapna; Chong, Siow Ann; Subramaniam, Mythily

2016-10-26

The growing interest in problematic hoarding as an independent clinical condition has led to the development of the Saving Inventory-Revised (SI-R) to assess hoarding phenomenology. The SI-R is one of the most widely used instruments to measure hoarding symptoms; however, it lacks validation in non-Western samples. The current study examined the construct, convergent, and discriminant validity of the SI-R among 500 outpatients at a psychiatric hospital in Singapore. The three-factor structure solution of the SI-R was fitted in a confirmatory factor analysis. The final model achieved mediocre fit (χ2 = 1026.02, df = 186; RMSEA = 0.095, SRMR = 0.06; CFI = 0.86; NNFI = 0.85). Two reverse-coded items (items 2 and 4) were removed due to insufficient factor loadings, resulting in the modified 21-item SI-R (SIR-21). Our findings indicate the need to further examine the construct validity of the SI-R, particularly in non-Western samples. Nonetheless, correlations with other hoarding-related constructs, such as anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II), supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the SIR-21 in our sample. Findings in our current majority Chinese sample were consistent with previous observations from other Chinese samples. Implications were discussed from a cross-cultural perspective, such as cultural emphasis on saving for future use and overlap between the concepts of discarding and acquiring in Chinese samples. Future studies should also examine differences among other ethnic groups (e.g., Malay, Indian).

Speculation on Curriculum from the Perspective of William James.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shubert, William H; Zissis, Georgiana

1988-01-01

This article discusses the implications for curriculum theory, research, and practice of William James' thought. Also considered is the question of what curriculum theory and research might be like if James had garnered greater influence than Thorndike. (IAH)

Shuttle imaging radar views the Earth from Challenger: The SIR-B experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ford, J. P.; Cimino, J. B.; Holt, B.; Ruzek, M. R.

1986-01-01

In October 1984, SIR-B obtained digital image data of about 6.5 million km2 of the Earth's surface. The coverage is mostly of selected experimental test sites located between latitudes 60 deg north and 60 deg south. Programmed adjustments made to the look angle of the steerable radar antenna and to the flight attitude of the shuttle during the mission permitted collection of multiple-incidence-angle coverage or extended mapping coverage as required for the experiments. The SIR-B images included here are representative of the coverage obtained for scientific studies in geology, cartography, hydrology, vegetation cover, and oceanography. The relations between radar backscatter and incidence angle for discriminating various types of surfaces, and the use of multiple-incidence-angle SIR-B images for stereo measurement and viewing, are illustrated with examples. Interpretation of the images is facilitated by corresponding images or photographs obtained by different sensors or by sketch maps or diagrams.

William James, Nitrous Oxide, and the Anaesthetic Revelation.

PubMed

Moon, Jane S; Kuza, Catherine M; Desai, Manisha S

2018-01-01

William James greatly influenced the fields of psychology, philosophy, and religion during the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. This was the era of Modernism, a time when many writers rejected the certainty of Enlightenment ideals. Positivism, which rose to prominence in the early 19th century, had emphasized physical phenomena, empirical evidence, and the scientific method. Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859), with its theory of natural selection, provided an explanation for the evolution of species apart from a divine Creator. Within this context, William James served as a "mediator between scientific agnosticism and the religious view of the world." James' own experience inhaling nitrous oxide played an important role in shaping his views. For James, the use of nitrous oxide served a key role in elucidating some of his most central ideas: 1) the value of religion, and the emphasis on mysticism and revelation (as opposed to theology and doctrine) as religion's foundation; 2) the universe as pluralistic (as opposed to absolutist, constant, eternal), driven by chance, experience, and change. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Spaceborne Imaging Radar program: SIR-C - The next step toward EOS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Evans, Diane; Elachi, Charles; Cimino, Jobea

1987-01-01

The NASA Shuttle Imaging Radar SIR-C experiments will investigate earth surface and environment phenomena to deepen understanding of terra firma, biosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and atmosphere components of the earth system, capitalizing on the observational capabilities of orbiting multiparameter radar sensors alone or in combination with other sensors. The SIR-C sensor encompasses an antenna array, an exciter, receivers, a data-handling network, and the ground SAR processor. It will be possible to steer the antenna beam electronically, so that the radar look angle can be varied.

Famous optician: James Clerk Maxwell

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haidar, Riad

2018-04-01

Mainly known for his unifying theory of electricity, magnetism and induction, James Clerk Maxwell also concluded that light was an electromagnetic wave, and was responsible for the first true colour photograph.

How to find and type red/brown dwarf stars in near-infrared imaging space observatories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Willemn Holwerda, Benne; Ryan, Russell; Bridge, Joanna; Pirzkal, Nor; Kenworthy, Matthew; Andersen, Morten; Wilkins, Stephen; Trenti, Michele; Meshkat, Tiffany; Bernard, Stephanie; Smit, Renske

2018-01-01

Here we evaluate the near-infrared colors of brown dwarfs as observed with four major infrared imaging space observatories: the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the EUCLID mission, and the WFIRST telescope. We use the splat ISPEX spectroscopic library to map out the colors of the M, L, and T-type brown dwarfs. We identify which color-color combination is optimal for identifying broad type and which single color is optimal to then identify the subtype (e.g., T0-9). We evaluate each observatory separately as well as the the narrow-field (HST and JWST) and wide-field (EULID and WFIRST) combinations.HST filters used thus far for high-redshift searches (e.g. CANDELS and BoRG) are close to optimal within the available filter combinations. A clear improvement over HST is one of two broad/medium filter combinations on JWST: pairing F140M with either F150W or F162M discriminates well between brown dwarf subtypes. The improvement of JWST the filter set over the HST one is so marked that any combination of HST and JWST filters does not improve the classification.The EUCLID filter set alone performs poorly in terms of typing brown dwarfs and WFIRST performs only marginally better, despite a wider selection of filters. A combined EUCLID and WFIRST observation, using WFIRST's W146 and F062 and EUCLID's Y-band, allows for a much better discrimination between broad brown dwarf categories. In this respect, WFIRST acts as a targeted follow-up observatory for the all-sky EUCLID survey. However, subsequent subtyping with the combination of EUCLID and WFIRST observations remains uncertain due to the lack of medium or narrow-band filters in this wavelength range. We argue that a medium band added to the WFIRST filter selection would greatly improve its ability to preselect against brown dwarfs in high-latitude surveys.

77 FR 58773 - Drawbridge Operation Regulations; James River, Newport News, VA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-24

... Operation Regulations; James River, Newport News, VA AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice of temporary... schedule that governs the US 17/258 Bridge across the James River, mile 5.0, at Newport News, VA. The... 17/258 Bridge over the James River, mile 5.0, at Newport News, VA opens on signal as required by 33...

Application and calibration of the subsurface mapping capability of SIR-B in desert regions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schaber, G. G.; Mccauley, J. F.; Breed, C. S.; Grolier, M. J.; Issawi, B.; Haynes, C. V.; Mchugh, W.; Walker, A. S.; Blom, R.

1984-01-01

The penetration capability of the shuttle imaging radar (SIR-B) sensor in desert regions is investigated. Refined models to explain this penetration capability in terms of radar physics and regional geologic conditions are devised. The sand-buried radar-rivers discovered in the Western Desert in Egypt and Sudan are defined. Results and procedures developed during previous SIR-A investigation of the same area are extrapolated.

Space Shuttle Columbia views the world with imaging radar: The SIR-A experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ford, J. P.; Cimino, J. B.; Elachi, C.

1983-01-01

Images acquired by the Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-A) in November 1981, demonstrate the capability of this microwave remote sensor system to perceive and map a wide range of different surface features around the Earth. A selection of 60 scenes displays this capability with respect to Earth resources - geology, hydrology, agriculture, forest cover, ocean surface features, and prominent man-made structures. The combined area covered by the scenes presented amounts to about 3% of the total acquired. Most of the SIR-A images are accompanied by a LANDSAT multispectral scanner (MSS) or SEASAT synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) image of the same scene for comparison. Differences between the SIR-A image and its companion LANDSAT or SEASAT image at each scene are related to the characteristics of the respective imaging systems, and to seasonal or other changes that occurred in the time interval between acquisition of the images.

Stability analysis of the Euler discretization for SIR epidemic model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Suryanto, Agus

2014-06-19

In this paper we consider a discrete SIR epidemic model obtained by the Euler method. For that discrete model, existence of disease free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium is established. Sufficient conditions on the local asymptotical stability of both disease free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium are also derived. It is found that the local asymptotical stability of the existing equilibrium is achieved only for a small time step size h. If h is further increased and passes the critical value, then both equilibriums will lose their stability. Our numerical simulations show that a complex dynamical behavior such as bifurcation or chaosmore » phenomenon will appear for relatively large h. Both analytical and numerical results show that the discrete SIR model has a richer dynamical behavior than its continuous counterpart.« less

James Madison High School. A Curriculum for American Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bennett, William J.

This document presents the Secretary of Education's personal concept of a sound secondary school core curriculum. It is called "James Madison High School" in honor of President James Madison and his strong views that the people, in order to govern properly, must arm themselves with knowledge. The theoretical curriculum consists of four…

1. Historic American Buildings Survey James F. and Jean B. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Historic American Buildings Survey James F. and Jean B. O'Gorman, Photographers October 1963 EXTERIOR FROM THE SOUTHEAST Gift of James F. and Jean B. O'Gorman - Stephen Higginson Jr. House, 7 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, Middlesex County, MA

2. Historic American Buildings Survey James F. and Jean B. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. Historic American Buildings Survey James F. and Jean B. O'Gorman, Photographers October 1963 EXTERIOR FROM THE SOUTHWEST Gift of James F. and Jean B. O'Gorman - Stephen Higginson Jr. House, 7 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, Middlesex County, MA

Aerial photographic water color variations from pollution in the James River

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bressette, W. E.

1978-01-01

A photographic flight was made over the James River on May 17, 1977. The data show that, in general, James River water has very high sunlight reflectance. In the Bailey Bay area this reflectance is drastically reduced. Also shown is a technique for normalizing off-axis variations in radiance film exposure from camera falloff and uneven sunlight conditions to the nadir value. After data normalization, a spectral analysis is performed that identifies Bailey Creek water in James River water. The spectral results when compared with laboratory spectrometer data indicate that reflectance from James River water is dominated by suspended matter, while the substance most likely responsible for reduced reflectance in Bailey Creek water is dissolved organic carbon.

Beyond the T Dwarfs: Theoretical Spectra, Colors, and Detectability of the Coolest Brown Dwarfs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burrows, Adam; Sudarsky, David; Lunine, Jonathan I.

2003-10-01

We explore the spectral and atmospheric properties of brown dwarfs cooler than the latest known T dwarfs. Our focus is on the yet-to-be-discovered free-floating brown dwarfs in the Teff range from ~800 to ~130 K and with masses from 25 to 1 MJ. This study is in anticipation of the new characterization capabilities enabled by the launch of the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) and the eventual launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). In addition, it is in support of the continuing ground-based searches for the coolest substellar objects. We provide spectra from ~0.4 to 30 μm, highlight the evolution and mass dependence of the dominant H2O, CH4, and NH3 molecular bands, consider the formation and effects of water ice clouds, and compare our theoretical flux densities with the putative sensitivities of the instruments on board SIRTF and JWST. The latter can be used to determine the detection ranges from space of cool brown dwarfs. In the process, we determine the reversal point of the blueward trend in the near-infrared colors with decreasing Teff (a prominent feature of the hotter T dwarf family), the Teff's at which water and ammonia clouds appear, the strengths of gas-phase ammonia and methane bands, the masses and ages of the objects for which the neutral alkali metal lines (signatures of L and T dwarfs) are muted, and the increasing role as Teff decreases of the mid-infrared fluxes longward of 4 μm. These changes suggest physical reasons to expect the emergence of at least one new stellar class beyond the T dwarfs. Furthermore, studies in the mid-infrared could assume a new, perhaps transformational, importance in the understanding of the coolest brown dwarfs. Our spectral models populate, with cooler brown dwarfs having progressively more planet-like features, the theoretical gap between the known T dwarfs and the known giant planets. Such objects likely inhabit the Galaxy, but their numbers are as yet unknown.

PEOPLE IN PHYSICS: Interview with Sir Arnold Wolfendale FRS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wiltsher, Conducted by Nicholas

1997-11-01

Sir Arnold Wolfendale was born on 25 June 1927, the son of Arnold and Doris Wolfendale. His BSc in Physics with First Class honours from the University of Manchester in 1948 was followed by a PhD in 1953 and a DSc in 1970. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1977, and of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1973. In 1951 he married Audrey Darby, and they have twin sons. Sir Arnold's career has included lecturing posts at the Universities of Manchester, Durham, Ceylon and Hong Kong, and he was head of department at Durham. He retired from teaching in 1992 and was knighted in 1995. From 1991 to 1995 he was Astronomer Royal. Since 1996 he has been Professor of Experimental Physics with the Royal Institution of Great Britain. He has given lectures in many countries and in many places, and has had several books published on the subject of cosmic rays and astrophysics. He lives in Durham.

Brown recluse spider (image)

MedlinePlus

... The brown recluse is brown with a characteristic dark violin-shaped marking on its head. It is ... brown recluse wanders indoors they will go to dark closets, shoes, or attics. The brown recluse is ...

High concentrations of N-BNP are related to non-infectious severe SIRS associated with cardiovascular dysfunction occurring after off-pump coronary artery surgery.

PubMed

Kerbaul, F; Giorgi, R; Oddoze, C; Collart, F; Guidon, C; Lejeune, P J; Villacorta, J; Gouin, F

2004-11-01

Procalcitonin (PCT) blood concentrations are known to be an appropriate marker of severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) induced by coronary artery surgery with and without cardiopulmonary bypass. Pro-brain natriuretic peptide (N-BNP) is a newly described cardiac hormone considered to be an effective marker of severity and prognosis of acute coronary syndromes and congestive heart failure. We evaluated the perioperative time courses of PCT and N-BNP and investigated their role as early markers of severe SIRS (SIRS with cardiovascular dysfunction) induced by off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB). Sixty-three patients were prospectively included. The American College of Chest Physicians Classification was used to diagnose SIRS and organ system failure to define severe SIRS. Serum concentrations of PCT and N-BNP were determined before, during and after surgery. Receiver operating characteristic curves and cut-off values were used to assess the ability of these markers to predict postoperative severe SIRS. SIRS occurred in 25 (39%) patients. Nine of them (14%) showed severe SIRS. Significantly higher serum concentrations of N-BNP and PCT were found in patients with severe SIRS with peak concentrations respectively at 8887 pg ml(-1) (range 2940-29372 pg ml(-1)) for N-BNP and 9.50 ng ml(-1) (range 1-65 ng ml(-1)) for PCT. The area under the curve using N-BNP to detect postoperative severe SIRS was 0.799 before surgery (0.408 for PCT; P<0.01) and 0.824 at the end of surgery (0.762 for PCT; P<0.05). N-BNP may be an appropriate marker indicating the early development of non-infectious postoperative severe SIRS after OPCAB.

Reply to James Muir

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, John

2004-01-01

In "EPAT", vol. 36, no. 1, 2004, James Muir takes the author and fellow philosophers of education to task for their ignorance of the history of philosophy of education. "[T]oo many currently influential educationists, Professor White in particular, are literally unaware that educational philosophy has a history more than three hundred years in…

Winter Naming: James Welch

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lincoln, Kenneth

2005-01-01

In the early 1970s James Welch enters American literature as an Indian postmodernist, a fractured classicist of the West, drawing fragments from both sides of the Buckskin Curtain. Reading the likes of Cesar Vallejo and early modernists from Ezra Pound to Theodore Roethke and decreationists such as Ray Carver (through Richard Hugo's tutelage at…

Exogenous nitric oxide can control SIRS and downregulate NFkappaB.

PubMed

Lozano, Francisco S; Barros, Marcello B; García-Criado, Francisco J; Gomez-Alonso, Alberto

2005-03-01

Nitric oxide (NO) participates in inflammation and affects almost all steps of its development. Several experimental studies have unveiled the beneficial effects of NO through modulation of the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). In this sense, in the present work we attempted to evaluate the beneficial effects of exogenous NO and its levels of action (biochemical and cellular) in a model of SIRS induced by two sequential insults. Dacron graft implantation (first insult) and subsequent administration of Zymosan A (second insult) in Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups: 1) No manipulation (Basal); 2) Laparotomy (L) + mineral oil (Sham); 3) L + Graft-Zymosan (GZ) (Control); and 4) L + GZ + NO (Assay). Determinations: Survival, TNF-alpha, SOA, ICAM-1, and NFkappaB. The model established (Control) induced a mortality rate of 20%. Also, it significantly increased the levels of TNF-alpha (P <0.001) and SOA (P <0.01), ICAM-1 expression, and NFkappaB levels (P <0.05). Treatment with NO reduced mortality to 0%, significantly decreasing TNF-alpha (P <0.001) and SOA (P <0.01) levels, ICAM-1 expression, and NFkappaB levels (P <0.05). The exogenous administration of NO before the two sequential insults controlled SIRS at biochemical level (TNF-alpha, SOA) and at cellular level (transcription) in a lasting manner. The cascade-like interrelationship of both levels and the study design do not allow us the pinpoint the key to its modulation.

3. Historic American Buildings Survey James F. and Jean B. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. Historic American Buildings Survey James F. and Jean B. O'Gorman, Photographers October 1963 ORIGINAL MANTELPIECE AND WINDOW SHUTTERS, FIRST FLOOR Gift of James F. and Jean B. O'Gorman - Stephen Higginson Jr. House, 7 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, Middlesex County, MA

Albireo: 260 Years of Astrometric Observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hass, Jacob; Phung, Kevin; Carro, Joseph; Hock, Emily; Loveland, Donald; Nibbe, Tristan; Sharp, Zoe; Smit, Jenny; Genet, Russell

2016-03-01

The historical record of Albireo's observations reflects the progress of double star research. Some 294 astrometric observations have been published starting with Bradley's 1755 observation and ending with our 2015 observation. Several observation techniques were used over this 260 year span. Noteworthy are the historic contributions of astronomers such as James Bradley, Christian Mayer, William Herschel, Giuseppe Piazzi, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve, Sir John Herschel, Sir James South, Edward Skinner King, and Andrei Tokovinin. Overall trend lines of the past observations of Albireo are compared to our current observation, and are generally concurrent. Dividing Albireo's past observations of separation into time segments shows evidence of a known third star in Albireo's system.

77 FR 21150 - Requested Administrative Waiver of the Coastwise Trade Laws: Vessel SIR MARTIN II; Invitation for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-09

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Maritime Administration [Docket No. MARAD 2012 0047] Requested Administrative Waiver of the Coastwise Trade Laws: Vessel SIR MARTIN II; Invitation for Public Comments AGENCY... the vessel SIR MARTIN II is: Intended Commercial Use of Vessel: ``Day charter up to 6 passengers for...

How James Wood Works

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldstein, Evan R., Comp.

2008-01-01

Reading through news-media clippings about James Wood, one might reasonably conclude that "pre-eminent critic" is his official job title. In fact, Wood is a staff writer for "The New Yorker" and a professor of the practice of literary criticism at Harvard University. But at a time when there is much hand-wringing about the death of the…

Color Image of Death Valley, California from SIR-C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

This radar image shows the area of Death Valley, California and the different surface types in the area. Radar is sensitive to surface roughness with rough areas showing up brighter than smooth areas, which appear dark. This is seen in the contrast between the bright mountains that surround the dark, smooth basins and valleys of Death Valley. The image shows Furnace Creek alluvial fan (green crescent feature) at the far right, and the sand dunes near Stove Pipe Wells at the center. Alluvial fans are gravel deposits that wash down from the mountains over time. Several other alluvial fans (semicircular features) can be seen along the mountain fronts in this image. The dark wrench-shaped feature between Furnace Creek fan and the dunes is a smooth flood-plain which encloses Cottonball Basin. Elevations in the valley range from 70 meters (230 feet) below sea level, the lowest in the United States, to more than 3,300 meters (10,800 feet) above sea level. Scientists are using these radar data to help answer a number of different questions about Earth's geology including how alluvial fans form and change through time in response to climatic changes and earthquakes. The image is centered at 36.629 degrees north latitude, 117.069 degrees west longitude. Colors in the image represent different radar channels as follows: red =L-band horizontally polarized transmitted, horizontally polarized received (LHH); green =L-band horizontally transmitted, vertically received (LHV) and blue = CHV.

SIR-C/X-SAR is part of NASA's Mission to Planet Earth. The radars illuminate Earth with microwaves allowing detailed observations at any time, regardless of weather or sunlight conditions. SIR-C/X-SAR uses three microwave wavelengths: L-band (24 cm), C-band (6 cm) and X-band (3 cm). The multi-frequency data will be used by the international scientific community to better understand the global environment and how it is changing. The SIR-C/X-SAR data, complemented by aircraft and ground

4. Historic American Buildings Survey James F. and Jean B. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. Historic American Buildings Survey James F. and Jean B. O'Gorman, Photographers October 1963 LATE 19th-CENTURY MANTELPIECE IN FIRST FLOOR ROOM Gift of James F. and Jean B. O'Gorman - Stephen Higginson Jr. House, 7 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, Middlesex County, MA

Multiple incidence angle SIR-B experiment over Argentina

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cimino, Jobea; Casey, Daren; Wall, Stephen; Brandani, Aldo; Domik, Gitta; Leberl, Franz

1986-01-01

The Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-B), the second synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to fly aboard a shuttle, was launched on October 5, 1984. One of the primary goals of the SIR-B experiment was to use multiple incidence angle radar images to distinguish different terrain types through the use of their characteristic backscatter curves. This goal was accomplished in several locations including the Chubut Province of southern Argentina. Four descending image acquisitions were collected providing a multiple incidence angle image set. The data were first used to assess stereo-radargrammetric techniques. A digital elevation model was produced using the optimum pair of multiple incidence angle images. This model was then used to determine the local incidence angle of each picture element to generate curves of relative brightness vs. incidence angle. Secondary image products were also generated using the multi-angle data. The results of this work indicate that: (1) various forest species and various structures of a single species may be discriminated using multiple incidence angle radar imagery, and (2) it is essential to consider the variation in backscatter due to a variable incidence angle when analyzing and comparing data collected at varying frequencies and polarizations.

Analysis of data acquired by Shuttle Imaging Radar SIR-A and Landsat Thematic Mapper over Baldwin County, Alabama

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wu, S.-T.

1985-01-01

Seasonally compatible data collected by SIR-A and by Landsat 4 TM over the lower coastal plain in Alabama were coregistered, forming a SIR-A/TM multichannel data set with 30 m x 30 m pixel size. Spectral signature plots and histogram analysis of the data were used to observe data characteristics. Radar returns from pine forest classes correlated highly with the tree ages, suggesting the potential utility of microwave remote sensing for forest biomass estimation. As compared with the TM-only data set, the use of SIR-A/TM data set improved classification accuracy of the seven land cover types studied. In addition, the SIR-A/TM classified data support previous finding by Engheta and Elachi (1982) that microwave data appear to be correlated with differing bottomland hardwood forest vegetation as associated with varying water regimens (i.e., wet versus dry).

SIRS score on admission and initial concentration of IL-6 as severe acute pancreatitis outcome predictors.

PubMed

Gregoric, Pavle; Pavle, Gregoric; Sijacki, Ana; Ana, Sijacki; Stankovic, Sanja; Sanja, Stankovic; Radenkovic, Dejan; Dejan, Radenkovic; Ivancevic, Nenad; Nenad, Ivancevic; Karamarkovic, Aleksandar; Aleksandar, Karamarkovic; Popovic, Nada; Nada, Popovic; Karadzic, Borivoje; Borivoje, Karadzic; Stijak, Lazar; Stefanovic, Branislav; Branislav, Stefanovic; Milosevic, Zoran; Zoran, Milosević; Bajec, Djordje; Djordje, Bajec

2010-01-01

Early recognition of severe form of acute pancreatitis is important because these patients need more agressive diagnostic and therapeutical approach an can develope systemic complications such as: sepsis, coagulopathy, Acute Lung Injury (ALI), Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS), Multiple Organ Failure (MOF). To determine role of the combination of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) score and serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6) level on admission as predictor of illness severity and outcome of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (SAP). We evaluated 234 patients with first onset of SAP appears in last twenty four hours. A total of 77 (33%) patients died. SIRS score and serum IL-6 concentration were measured in first hour after admission. In 105 patients with SIRS score 3 and higher, initial measured IL-6 levels were significantly higher than in the group of remaining 129 patients (72 +/- 67 pg/mL, vs 18 +/- 15 pg/mL). All nonsurvivals were in the first group, with SIRS score 3 and 4 and initial IL-6 concentration 113 +/- 27 pg/mL. The values of C-reactive Protein (CRP) measured after 48h, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score on admission and Ranson score showed the similar correlation, but serum amylase level did not correlate significantly with Ranson score, IL-6 concentration and APACHE II score. The combination of SIRS score on admission and IL-6 serum concentration can be early, predictor of illness severity and outcome in SAP.

Brown Syndrome

MedlinePlus

... Does Brown syndrome cause eye problems besides abnormal eye movements? In the more severely affected cases of Brown ... acquired and congenital cases. In congenital cases, the eye movement problem is usually constant and unlikely to resolve ...

Nicotinamide riboside attenuates alcohol induced liver injuries via activation of SirT1/PGC-1α/mitochondrial biosynthesis pathway.

PubMed

Wang, Sufan; Wan, Ting; Ye, Mingtong; Qiu, Yun; Pei, Lei; Jiang, Rui; Pang, Nengzhi; Huang, Yuanling; Liang, Baoxia; Ling, Wenhua; Lin, Xiaojun; Zhang, Zhenfeng; Yang, Lili

2018-07-01

Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) precursor which is present in foods such as milk and beer. It was reported that NR can prevent obesity, increase longevity, and promote liver regeneration. However, whether NR can prevent ethanol-induced liver injuries is not known. This study aimed to explore the effect of NR on ethanol induced liver injuries and the underlying mechanisms. We fed C57BL/6 J mice with Lieber-DeCarli ethanol liquid diet with or without 400 mg/kg·bw NR for 16 days. Liver injuries and SirT1-PGC-1α-mitochondrial function were analyzed. In in vitro experiments, HepG2 cells (CYP2E1 over-expressing cells) were incubated with ethanol ± 0.5 mmol/L NR. Lipid accumulation and mitochondrial function were compared. SirT1 knockdown in HepG2 cells were further applied to confirm the role of SirT1 in the protection of NR on lipid accumulation. We found that ethanol significantly decreased the expression and activity of hepatic SirT1 and induced abnormal expression of enzymes of lipid metabolism in mice. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that NR activated SirT1 through increasing NAD + levels, decreased oxidative stress, increased deacetylation of PGC-1α and mitochondrial function. In SirT1 knockdown HepG2 cells, NR lost its ability in enhancing mitochondrial function, and its protection against lipid accumulation induced by ethanol. NR can protect against ethanol induced liver injuries via replenishing NAD + , reducing oxidative stress, and activating SirT1-PGC-1α-mitochondrial biosynthesis. Our data indicate that SirT1 plays an important role in the protection of NR against lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunctions induced by ethanol. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Milestones in plant sulfur research on sulfur-induced-resistance (SIR) in Europe

PubMed Central

Bloem, Elke; Haneklaus, Silvia; Schnug, Ewald

2015-01-01

Until the 1970's of the last century sulfur (S) was mainly regarded as a pollutant being the main contributor of acid rain, causing forest dieback in central Europe. When Clean Air Acts came into force at the start of the 1980's SO2 contaminations in the air were consequently reduced within the next years. S changed from an unwanted pollutant into a lacking plant nutrient in agriculture since agricultural fields were no longer “fertilized” indirectly by industrial pollution. S deficiency was first noticed in Brassica crops that display an especially high S demand because of its content of S-containing secondary metabolites, the glucosinolates. In Scotland, where S depositions decreased even faster than in continental Europe, an increasing disease incidence with Pyrenopeziza brassicae was observed in oilseed rape in the beginning 1990's and the concept of sulfur-induced-resistance (SIR) was developed after a relationship between the S status and the disease incidence was uncovered. Since then a lot of research was carried out to unravel the background of SIR in the metabolism of agricultural crops and to identify metabolites, enzymes and reactions, which are potentially activated by the S metabolism to combat fungal pathogens. The S status of the crop is affecting many different plant features such as color and scent of flowers, pigments in leaves, metabolite concentrations and the release of gaseous S compounds which are directly influencing the desirability of a crop for a variety of different organisms from microorganisms, over insects and slugs to the point of grazing animals. The present paper is an attempt to sum up the knowledge about the effect of the S nutritional status of agricultural crops on parameters that are directly related to their health status and by this to SIR. Milestones in SIR research are compiled, open questions are addressed and future projections were developed. PMID:25642233

William James and the Heidelberg fiasco.

PubMed

Gundlach, Horst

2018-02-01

Urged on by his father to become a physician instead of a painter, William James pursued 3 evasion stratagems. First, to avoid becoming a practitioner, he declared that he wanted to specialize in physiology. Based upon this premise, he left for Germany in the spring of 1867. The second step was giving up general physiology and announcing that he would specialize in the nervous system and psychology. Based upon this premise, he declared that he would go to Heidelberg and study with Helmholtz and Wundt. However, he then deferred going there. When, at last, he was urged by an influential friend of his father's to accompany him to Heidelberg, he employed his default stratagem: He simply fled. He returned home after 3 terms in Europe without enrolling at a single university. There is no evidence that he had learned anything there about psychology or experimental psychology, except, possibly, by reading books. James's "Heidelberg fiasco" was the apogee of his evasion of his father's directive. A dense fog of misinformation surrounds his stay in Heidelberg to this day. By analyzing circumstances and context, this article examines the fiasco and places it in the pattern of his behavior during his stay in Europe. Nevertheless, experiencing this fiasco potentially shaped James's ambivalent attitude toward experimental psychology on a long-term basis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

8. John and James Dobson Carpet Mill, East and West ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. John and James Dobson Carpet Mill, East and West Parcels, site plan, and survey lower left, 1865. Hexamer, Ernest and Son. Hexamer General Surveys, 1867-1895, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: E. Hexamer and Son, 1865, p. 279. - John & James Dobson Carpet Mill (West Parcel), 4041-4055 Ridge Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

The physics of brown dwarfs and exoplanets - JWST/NIRSpec GTO program overview

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Birkmann, Stephan; Alves de Oliveira, Catarina; Valenti, Jeff A.; Ferruit, Pierre; NIRSpec GTO Team

2017-06-01

The Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) is one of the science instruments on the James Webb Space Telescope that is scheduled for launch in October 2018. The NIRSpec guaranteed time observer (GTO) team will use ~70 hours of NIRSpec guaranteed time to carry out spectroscopic observations of brown dwarfs as well as transiting and directly imaged exoplanets with NIRSpec. The instrument offers four distinct observing modes to proposers that will all be exercised by the GTO programs presented here: 1) multi object spectroscopy (MOS) of 10s to 100s of sources in a ~9 arcmin field of view (FOV), 2) integral field spectroscopy (IFS) with a 3” x 3” FOV, 3) high contrast slit spectroscopy of individual objects and 4) time series observations of bright sources, e.g. transiting exoplanets host stars. Seven dispersers are available in all observing modes: a prism covering the wavelength range from 0.6 to 5.3 micron with a spectral resolution R of ~30 to 300, and two sets of three gratings covering 0.7 to 5.2 micron with medium (R~1000) and high (R~2700) spectral resolution.We will present the science goals and targets for the brown dwarf and exoplanet GTO programs and discuss the planned implementation of the observations. The latter might be of particular interest to future JWST/NIRSpec proposers.

Evaluation of usefulness of myeloperoxidase index (MPXI) for differential diagnosis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in the emergency department.

PubMed

Cha, Yong Sung; Yoon, Jeong Min; Jung, Woo Jin; Kim, Yong Won; Kim, Tae Hoon; Kim, Oh Hyun; Cha, Kyoung Chul; Kim, Hyun; Hwang, Sung Oh; Lee, Kang Hyun

2015-04-01

The myeloperoxidase index (MPXI) is elevated in infection. We ascertained whether MPXI might be useful in differentiation of sepsis versus non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in emergency department (ED). After exclusion of patients with an age of <18 years, trauma, haematological disease and on anticancer chemotherapy, 444 consecutive cases with SIRS (sepsis: 224, 50.3%; and non-infectious SIRS: 220, 49.7%) diagnosed and treated at the ED of The Wonju Severance Christian Hospital from May 2012 to June 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Median MPXI was higher in sepsis versus non-infectious SIRS (0.1 (IQR: -3.1 to 2.5) vs -1.2 (-4.1 to 1.6), respectively, p=0.020). Median white cell count, neutrophil percentage, C reactive protein level and δ neutrophil index were also higher. However, MPXI resulted as not statistically useful for differential diagnostic parameter in analysis. MPXI is higher in sepsis than in non-infectious SIRS. However, there is currently no evidence that the MPXI adds any additional benefit to differentiate sepsis from non-infectious SIRS in the ED. Therefore, further study will be needed. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Vitamin D protects endothelial cells from irradiation-induced senescence and apoptosis by modulating MAPK/SirT1 axis.

PubMed

Marampon, F; Gravina, G L; Festuccia, C; Popov, V M; Colapietro, E A; Sanità, P; Musio, D; De Felice, F; Lenzi, A; Jannini, E A; Di Cesare, E; Tombolini, V

2016-04-01

Radiotherapy toxicity is related to oxidative stress-mediated endothelial dysfunction. Here, we investigated on radioprotective properties of Vitamin D (Vit.D) on human endothelial cells (HUVEC). HUVEC, pre-treated with Vit.D, were exposed to ionizing radiation (IR): ROS production, cellular viability, apoptosis, senescence and western blot for protein detection were performed. The role of MAPKs pathway was investigated by using U0126 (10 μM) MEKs/ERKs-, SB203580 (2.5 μM) p38-inhibitor or by over/expressing MKK6 p38-upstream activator. Vit.D reduced IR-induced ROS production protecting proliferating and quiescent HUVEC from cellular apoptosis or senescence, respectively, by regulating MAPKs pathways. In proliferating HUVEC, Vit.D prevented IR-induced apoptosis by activating ERKs while in quiescent HUVEC counteracted IR-induced senescence by inhibiting the p38-IR-induced activation. MEKs&ERKs inhibition in proliferating or MKK6/mediated p38 activation in quiescent HUVEC, respectively, reverted anti-apoptotic or anti-senescent Vit.D properties. SirT1 protein expression levels were up-regulated by Vit.D. ERKs inhibition blocked Vit.D-induced SirT1 protein up-regulation in proliferating cells. In quiescent HUVEC cells, p38 inhibition counteracted the IR-induced SirT1 protein down-regulation, while MKK6 transfection abrogated the Vit.D positive effects on SirT1 protein levels after irradiation. SirT1 inhibition by sirtinol blocked the Vit.D radioprotective effects. Vit.D protects HUVEC from IR induced/oxidative stress by positively regulating the MAPKs/SirT1 axis.

7 CFR 29.3505 - Brown colors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Type 95) § 29.3505 Brown colors. A group of colors ranging from a light brown to a dark brown. These... standards, the colors are expressed as light brown (L), medium brown (F), reddish brown (R), and dark brown... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Brown colors. 29.3505 Section 29.3505 Agriculture...

7 CFR 29.3505 - Brown colors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Type 95) § 29.3505 Brown colors. A group of colors ranging from a light brown to a dark brown. These... standards, the colors are expressed as light brown (L), medium brown (F), reddish brown (R), and dark brown... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Brown colors. 29.3505 Section 29.3505 Agriculture...

7 CFR 29.3505 - Brown colors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Type 95) § 29.3505 Brown colors. A group of colors ranging from a light brown to a dark brown. These... standards, the colors are expressed as light brown (L), medium brown (F), reddish brown (R), and dark brown... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Brown colors. 29.3505 Section 29.3505 Agriculture...

7 CFR 29.3505 - Brown colors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Type 95) § 29.3505 Brown colors. A group of colors ranging from a light brown to a dark brown. These... standards, the colors are expressed as light brown (L), medium brown (F), reddish brown (R), and dark brown... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Brown colors. 29.3505 Section 29.3505 Agriculture...

Simulation of emotional contagion using modified SIR model: A cellular automaton approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Libi; Song, Weiguo; Lv, Wei; Lo, Siuming

2014-07-01

Emotion plays an important role in the decision-making of individuals in some emergency situations. The contagion of emotion may induce either normal or abnormal consolidated crowd behavior. This paper aims to simulate the dynamics of emotional contagion among crowds by modifying the epidemiological SIR model to a cellular automaton approach. This new cellular automaton model, entitled the “CA-SIRS model”, captures the dynamic process ‘susceptible-infected-recovered-susceptible', which is based on SIRS contagion in epidemiological theory. Moreover, in this new model, the process is integrated with individual movement. The simulation results of this model show that multiple waves and dynamical stability around a mean value will appear during emotion spreading. It was found that the proportion of initial infected individuals had little influence on the final stable proportion of infected population in a given system, and that infection frequency increased with an increase in the average crowd density. Our results further suggest that individual movement accelerates the spread speed of emotion and increases the stable proportion of infected population. Furthermore, decreasing the duration of an infection and the probability of reinfection can markedly reduce the number of infected individuals. It is hoped that this study will be helpful in crowd management and evacuation organization.

Conference James F.Buckli

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2008-02-07

L'association du personnel a le plaisir d'accueillir Mons. James F.Buckli, astronaute, né en 1947. Il a participé à la mission Space Lab D1 qui pour la première fois mettait 8 personnes sur orbite.L'ass.du pers. remercie aussi Gordon White(s) de la mission américaine d'avoir permis d'organiser cette conférence

James Webb Space Telescope

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

When the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) reaches its orbit about a million miles (1.5 kilometers) from Earth and begins studying the distant reaches of the universe, the event will mark an unprecedented triumph on several technological fronts. Photo Credit: Chris Gunn For more information go to the Goddard Tech Trends Archive: Spring 2007 (http://gsfctechnology.gsfc.nasa.gov/TechTrendsArchive.html)

Differential expression of plasma miR-146a in sepsis patients compared with non-sepsis-SIRS patients.

PubMed

Wang, Lina; Wang, Hua-Cheng; Chen, Cha; Zeng, Jianming; Wang, Qian; Zheng, Lei; Yu, Huan-DU

2013-04-01

Sepsis is a subtype of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which is characterized by infection. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-150, miR-146a and miR-223, are potential biomarkers of sepsis. In this study, we demonstrated that measuring the relative expression of miR-146a/U6 in plasma, using the 2 -ΔΔCt method, provides a method for differentiating between sepsis and non-sepsis-SIRS. We observed a significant increase in miR-146a expression in the initial cohort of 6 non-sepsis-SIRS patients compared to the 4 sepsis patients (P=0.01) and in the second cohort of 8 non-sepsis-SIRS patients compared to the 10 sepsis patients (P=0.027). Additionally, we identified that sodium citrate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) K 2 may be used as anticoagulant reagents. Generation of a standard curve is not necessary in these diagnostic tests, unless the standard of normalization is carefully selected. Thus we provide more detailed guidance for the clinical use of circulating miRNA biomarkers.

78 FR 48609 - Safety Zone; James River; Newport News, VA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-09

...-AA00 Safety Zone; James River; Newport News, VA AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Temporary final rule...-0670 to read as follows: Sec. 165.T05-0670 Safety Zone, James River, Newport News, VA. (a) Definitions...'11'' N longitude 076[deg]38'40'' W, located near Fort Eustis in Newport News, VA. (c) Regulations. (1...

Deriving Two-Dimensional Ocean Wave Spectra and Surface Height Maps from the Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-B)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tilley, D. G.

1986-01-01

Directional ocean wave spectra were derived from Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-B) imagery in regions where nearly simultaneous aircraft-based measurements of the wave spectra were also available as part of the NASA Shuttle Mission 41G experiments. The SIR-B response to a coherently speckled scene is used to estimate the stationary system transfer function in the 15 even terms of an eighth-order two-dimensional polynomial. Surface elevation contours are assigned to SIR-B ocean scenes Fourier filtered using a empirical model of the modulation transfer function calibrated with independent measurements of wave height. The empirical measurements of the wave height distribution are illustrated for a variety of sea states.

Effect of Temperature to Adsorption Capacity and Coefficient Distribution on Rare Earth Elements Adsorption (Y, Gd, Dy) Using SIR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aziz, N.; Mindaryani, A.; Supranto; Taftazani, A.; Biyantoro, D.

2018-04-01

The use of REE like element of Yttrium (Y) as a superconducting material requires a purity of more than 90%, so it needs to increase the purity of Y from the settling process. The purpose of this research is to study the separation process of REE that is Y, Gd, Dy elements from REE hydroxide (REE(OH)3) using SIR method are consisting of Amberlite XAD-16 resin impregnated with Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate ( D2EHPA) and Tributyl Phosphate (TBP) and determine the isotherm model on REE adsorption and determine the kinetic model of pseudo adsorption reaction. This research was started by activating XAD-16 resin and is mixed with TBP-D2EHPA solvents so it will form SIR, then it is conducted on variation of SIR composition, temperature variation of adsorption process, determination of equilibrium equation and kinetic sorption occurring in SIR adsorption based on experimental data of liquid concentration as function of time. Based on the calculation result, the most effective SIR composition for REE separation is 0.75 g, the equilibrium equation for Y, Gd and Dy follows the Henry equilibrium model and the pseudo kinetic model of the reaction order Y, Gd, and Dy is followed by the pseudo reaction of order 2 The result of separation of LTJ with SIR is said to be effective from another method because purity is obtained that is 96.73% and qualify as a super conductor material.

Fast differentiation of SIRS and sepsis from blood plasma of ICU patients using Raman spectroscopy.

PubMed

Neugebauer, Ute; Trenkmann, Sabine; Bocklitz, Thomas; Schmerler, Diana; Kiehntopf, Michael; Popp, Jürgen

2014-04-01

Currently, there is no biomarker that can reliable distinguish between infectious and non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). However, such a biomarker would be of utmost importance for early identification and stratification of patients at risk to initiate timely and appropriate antibiotic treatment. Within this proof of principle study, the high potential of Raman spectroscopy for the fast differentiation of non-infectious SIRS and sepsis is demonstrated. Blood plasma collected from 70 patients from the intensive care unit (31 patients with sepsis and 39 patients classified with SIRS without infection) was analyzed by means of Raman spectroscopy. A PCA-LDA based classification model was trained with Raman spectra from test samples and yielded for sepsis a sensitivity of 1.0 and specificity of 0.82. These results have been confirmed with an independent dataset (prediction accuracy 80%). Copyright © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Author! Author!: James E. Ransome.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

School Library Media Activities Monthly, 1996

1996-01-01

Presents a profile of James E. Ransome, a children's book illustrator. Highlights include his background, the influence of filmmaking in his storyboards, illustration as storytelling, manuscript selection, the use of models and realistic themes, awards, future work, and advice for librarians and teachers about how to use his books. (AEF)

The James Webb Space Telescope

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mather, John

2003-01-01

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will extend the discoveries of the Hubble Space Telescope by deploying a large cooled infrared telescope at the Sun-Earth Lagrange point L2. It will have a 6 m aperture and three instruments covering the wavelength range from 0.6 to 28 microns.

11. John and James Dobson Carpet Mill, East and West ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. John and James Dobson Carpet Mill, East and West parcels, site plan-upper left, elevation-lower left, and survey-right, 1877. Hexamer, Ernest and Son. Hexamer General Surveys, 1867-1895, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: E. Hexamer and Son, 1877, pp. 1095-1096. - John & James Dobson Carpet Mill (West Parcel), 4041-4055 Ridge Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

13. John and James Dobson Carpet Mill, East and West ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. John and James Dobson Carpet Mill, East and West parcels, site plan-upper left, elevation-upper right, and survey-below, 1885. Hexamer, Ernest and Son. Hexamer General Surveys, 1867-1895, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: E. Hexamer and Son, 1885, pp. 1890-1891. - John & James Dobson Carpet Mill (West Parcel), 4041-4055 Ridge Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

9. John and James Dobson Carpet Mill, portion of West ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. John and James Dobson Carpet Mill, portion of West parcel, site plan-left, elevation-upper right, and survey-lower right, 1873. Hexamer, Ernest and Son. Hexamer General Surveys 1867-1895, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: E. Hexamer and Son, 1873, pp. 670-671. - John & James Dobson Carpet Mill (West Parcel), 4041-4055 Ridge Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

[Human brown adipose tissue].

PubMed

Virtanen, Kirsi A; Nuutila, Pirjo

2015-01-01

Adult humans have heat-producing and energy-consuming brown adipose tissue in the clavicular region of the neck. There are two types of brown adipose cells, the so-called classic and beige adipose cells. Brown adipose cells produce heat by means of uncoupler protein 1 (UCP1) from fatty acids and sugar. By applying positron emission tomography (PET) measuring the utilization of sugar, the metabolism of brown fat has been shown to multiply in the cold, presumably influencing energy consumption. Active brown fat is most likely present in young adults, persons of normal weight and women, least likely in obese persons.

The education and medical practice of Dr. James McCune Smith (1813-1865), first black American to hold a medical degree.

PubMed Central

Morgan, Thomas M.

2003-01-01

James McCune Smith (1813-1865)--first black American to obtain a medical degree, prominent abolitionist and suffragist, compassionate physician, prolific writer, and public intellectual--has been relatively neglected by historians of medicine. No biography of Smith exists to this day, though he has been the subject of several essays. Born, in his own words, "the son of a self-emancipated bond-woman," and denied admission to colleges in the United States, his native land, Smith earned medical, master's, and baccalaureate degrees at Glasgow University in Scotland. On his return to New York City in 1837, Smith became the first black physician to publish articles in US medical journals. Smith was broadly involved in the anti-slavery and suffrage movements, contributing to and editing abolitionist newspapers and serving as an officer of many organizations for the improvement of social conditions in the black community. In his scientific writings Smith debunked the racial theories in Thomas Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia, refuted phrenology and homeopathy, and responded with a forceful statistical critique to the racially biased US Census of 1840. Frederick Douglass, Gerrit Smith, and John Brown personally collaborated with James McCune Smith in the fight for black freedom. As the learned physician-scholar of the abolition movement, Smith was instrumental in making the overthrow of slavery credible and successful. Images Figure 1 PMID:12911258

Conference James F.Buckli

ScienceCinema

None

2017-12-09

L'association du personnel a le plaisir d'accueillir Mons. James F.Buckli, astronaute, né en 1947. Il a participé à la mission Space Lab D1 qui pour la première fois mettait 8 personnes sur orbite.L'ass.du pers. remercie aussi Gordon White(s) de la mission américaine d'avoir permis d'organiser cette conférence

Sir John Pople, Gaussian Code, and Complex Chemical Reactions

Science.gov Websites

tool that describes the dance of molecules in chemical reactions ... . Dr. Pople was among the first to colors of light they will absorb or emit, and the pace of chemical reactions. The work culminated in a dropdown arrow Site Map A-Z Index Menu Synopsis Sir John Pople, Gaussian Code, and Complex Chemical

Sir2/Sirt1 Links Acute Inebriation to Presynaptic Changes and the Development of Alcohol Tolerance, Preference, and Reward.

PubMed

Engel, Gregory L; Marella, Sunanda; Kaun, Karla R; Wu, Julia; Adhikari, Pratik; Kong, Eric C; Wolf, Fred W

2016-05-11

Acute ethanol inebriation causes neuroadaptive changes in behavior that favor increased intake. Ethanol-induced alterations in gene expression, through epigenetic and other means, are likely to change cellular and neural circuit function. Ethanol markedly changes histone acetylation, and the sirtuin Sir2/SIRT1 that deacetylates histones and transcription factors is essential for the rewarding effects of long-term drug use. The molecular transformations leading from short-term to long-term ethanol responses mostly remain to be discovered. We find that Sir2 in the mushroom bodies of the fruit fly Drosophila promotes short-term ethanol-induced behavioral plasticity by allowing changes in the expression of presynaptic molecules. Acute inebriation strongly reduces Sir2 levels and increases histone H3 acetylation in the brain. Flies lacking Sir2 globally, in the adult nervous system, or specifically in the mushroom body α/β-lobes show reduced ethanol sensitivity and tolerance. Sir2-dependent ethanol reward is also localized to the mushroom bodies, and Sir2 mutants prefer ethanol even without a priming ethanol pre-exposure. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that specific presynaptic molecules, including the synaptic vesicle pool regulator Synapsin, depend on Sir2 to be regulated by ethanol. Synapsin is required for ethanol sensitivity and tolerance. We propose that the regulation of Sir2/SIRT1 by acute inebriation forms part of a transcriptional program in mushroom body neurons to alter presynaptic properties and neural responses to favor the development of ethanol tolerance, preference, and reward. We identify a mechanism by which acute ethanol inebriation leads to changes in nervous system function that may be an important basis for increasing ethanol intake and addiction liability. The findings are significant because they identify ethanol-driven transcriptional events that target presynaptic properties and direct behavioral plasticity. They also demonstrate that

Using Statistical and Machine Learning Methods to Evaluate the Prognostic Accuracy of SIRS and qSOFA

PubMed Central

Liu, Tieming; Shepherd, Scott; Paiva, William

2018-01-01

Objectives The objective of this study was to compare the performance of two popularly used early sepsis diagnostic criteria, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), using statistical and machine learning approaches. Methods This retrospective study examined patient visits in Emergency Department (ED) with sepsis related diagnosis. The outcome was 28-day in-hospital mortality. Using odds ratio (OR) and modeling methods (decision tree [DT], multivariate logistic regression [LR], and naïve Bayes [NB]), the relationships between diagnostic criteria and mortality were examined. Results Of 132,704 eligible patient visits, 14% died within 28 days of ED admission. The association of qSOFA ≥2 with mortality (OR = 3.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.96–3.17) greater than the association of SIRS ≥2 with mortality (OR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.18–1.26). The area under the ROC curve for qSOFA (AUROC = 0.70) was significantly greater than for SIRS (AUROC = 0.63). For qSOFA, the sensitivity and specificity were DT = 0.39, LR = 0.64, NB = 0.62 and DT = 0.89, LR = 0.63, NB = 0.66, respectively. For SIRS, the sensitivity and specificity were DT = 0.46, LR = 0.62, NB = 0.62 and DT = 0.70, LR = 0.59, NB = 0.58, respectively. Conclusions The evidences suggest that qSOFA is a better diagnostic criteria than SIRS. The low sensitivity of qSOFA can be improved by carefully selecting the threshold to translate the predicted probabilities into labels. These findings can guide healthcare providers in selecting risk-stratification measures for patients presenting to an ED with sepsis. PMID:29770247

Research on Acoustical and Optical Scattering, Optics of Bubbles, Diffraction Catastrophes, Laser Generation of Sound, and Shock Induced Cavitation

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-09-01

Crichton and E. H, Trinh. 19. KEY WOROS (Canttnum on rmr^tmm aid* It nacmmmarf and Idantily br block numbar) Acoustic scattering. Inverse...295 (1984). 6. P. L. Marston and J. H. Crichton , "Radiation torque on a sphere illuminated with circularly polarized light," Journal of the...Optical Society of America Bl, 528-529 (1984). 7. P. L. Marston and J. H. Crichton , "Radiation torque on a sphere caused by a circularly polarized

Design of Microstrip Bandpass Filters Using SIRs with Even-Mode Harmonics Suppression for Cellular Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Theerawisitpong, Somboon; Suzuki, Toshitatsu; Morita, Noboru; Utsumi, Yozo

The design of microstrip bandpass filters using stepped-impedance resonators (SIRs) is examined. The passband center frequency for the WCDMA-FDD (uplink band) Japanese cellular system is 1950MHz with a 60-MHz bandwidth. The SIR physical characteristic can be designed using a SIR characteristic chart based on second harmonic suppression. In our filter design, passband design charts were obtained through the design procedure. Tchebycheff and maximally flat bandpass filters of any bandwidth and any number of steps can be designed using these passband design charts. In addition, sharp skirt characteristics in the passband can be realized by having two transmission zeros at both adjacent frequency bands by using open-ended quarter-wavelength stubs at input and output ports. A new even-mode harmonics suppression technique is proposed to enable a wide rejection band having a high suppression level. The unloaded quality factor of the resonator used in the proposed filters is greater than 240.

BOREAS RSS-15 SIR-C and Landsat TM Biomass and Landcover Maps of the NSA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hall, Forrest G. (Editor); Nickeson, Jaime (Editor); Ranson, K. Jon

2000-01-01

As part of BOREAS, the RSS-15 team conducted an investigation using SIR-C, X-SAR, and Landsat TM data for estimating total above-ground dry biomass for the SSA and NSA modeling grids and component biomass for the SSA. Relationships of backscatter to total biomass and total biomass to foliage, branch, and bole biomass were used to estimate biomass density across the landscape. The procedure involved image classification with SAR and Landsat TM data and development of simple mapping techniques using combinations of SAR channels. For the SSA, the SIR-C data used were acquired on 06-Oct-1994, and the Landsat TM data used were acquired on 02-Sep-1995. The maps of the NSA were developed from SIR-C data acquired on 13-Apr-1994. The data files are available on a CD-ROM (see document number 20010000884), or from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).

The NAD+-dependent deacetylase, Bifidobacterium longum Sir2 in response to oxidative stress by deacetylating SigH (σH) and FOXO3a in Bifidobacterium longum and HEK293T cell respectively.

PubMed

Guo, Qing; Li, Shiyu; Xie, Yajie; Zhang, Qian; Liu, Mengge; Xu, Zhenrui; Sun, Hanxiao; Yang, Yan

2017-07-01

Silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) enzymes which catalyze NAD+-dependent protein/histone deacetylation. The mammalian sirtuin family SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3 and SIRT6 can regulate oxidative stress. The probiotics (Bifidobacterium longum(B.longum) and Lactobacillus acidophilus(L. acidophilus)) have Sir2 gene family and have antioxidant activity in human body. it remains unknown whether probiotics Sir2 has a direct role in regulating oxidative stress. To this end, we knockout BL-sir2(sir2 B. longum) and LA-sir2(sir2 L.acidophilus) in low oxygen level. The antioxidant activities of two sir2 deficient strains was decreased, while when reintroduction of BL-sir2 and LA-sir2, the antioxidant activities were recoveried. In order to understand the regulation mechanism of probiotics Sir2 oxidation response. Then, we screened 65 acetylated protein, and found that SigH (σ H ) was a substrate of BL-Sir2. In addition, the acetylation level of σ H decreased with the increase of BL-Sir2 level in B. longum. Thus, BL-Sir2 deacetylated σ H in response to oxidative stress. Next, we transfected BL-Sir2 into H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative damage of 293T cells, BL-Sir2 increased the activity of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD/SOD2) and catalase (CAT) and reduced reactive oxygen species(ROS). Then, we analyzed the differential gene by RNA sequencing and Gene ontology (GO) and found that BL-Sir2 regulated forkhead transcription factor (FOXO3a) mediated antioxidant genes in overexpressed BL-Sir2 HEK293T cells. Our study is the first to link probiotics Sir2 with oxidative stress and uncover the antioxidant mechanism of BL-Sir2 in B. longum itself and human body. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 29.2254 - Brown colors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Brown colors. 29.2254 Section 29.2254 Agriculture... colors. A group of colors ranging from a reddish brown to yellowish brown. These colors vary from low to... expressed as light brown (L), medium brown (F), and dark brown (D). ...

7 CFR 29.2254 - Brown colors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Brown colors. 29.2254 Section 29.2254 Agriculture... colors. A group of colors ranging from a reddish brown to yellowish brown. These colors vary from low to... expressed as light brown (L), medium brown (F), and dark brown (D). ...

7 CFR 29.2254 - Brown colors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Brown colors. 29.2254 Section 29.2254 Agriculture... colors. A group of colors ranging from a reddish brown to yellowish brown. These colors vary from low to... expressed as light brown (L), medium brown (F), and dark brown (D). ...

7 CFR 29.2254 - Brown colors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Brown colors. 29.2254 Section 29.2254 Agriculture... colors. A group of colors ranging from a reddish brown to yellowish brown. These colors vary from low to... expressed as light brown (L), medium brown (F), and dark brown (D). ...

Protective Effects of Emodin-Induced Neutrophil Apoptosis via the Ca2+-Caspase 12 Pathway against SIRS in Rats with Severe Acute Pancreatitis.

PubMed

Wang, Gui-Jun; Wang, Yue; Teng, Yong-Sheng; Sun, Fa-Lv; Xiang, Hong; Liu, Jian-Jun; Xia, Shi-Lin; Zhang, Gui-Xin; Chen, Hai-Long; Shang, Dong

2016-01-01

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) results in high mortality. This is partly because of early multiple organ dysfunction syndromes that are usually caused by systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Many studies have reported the beneficial effects of emodin against SAP with SIRS. However, the exact mechanism underlying the effect of emodin remains unclear. This study was designed to explore the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of emodin against SIRS in rats with SAP. In the present study, cytosolic Ca 2+ levels, calpain 1 activity, and the expression levels of the active fragments of caspases 12 and 3 decreased in neutrophils from rats with SAP and increased after treatment with emodin. Delayed neutrophil apoptosis occurred in rats with SAP and emodin was able to reverse this delayed apoptosis and inhibit SIRS. The effect of emodin on calpain 1 activity, the expression levels of the active fragments of caspases 12 and 3, neutrophil apoptosis, and SIRS scores were attenuated by PD150606 (an inhibitor of calpain). These results suggest that emodin inhibits SIRS in rats with SAP by inducing circulating neutrophil apoptosis via the Ca 2+ -calpain 1-caspase 12-caspase 3 signaling pathway.

Protective Effects of Emodin-Induced Neutrophil Apoptosis via the Ca2+-Caspase 12 Pathway against SIRS in Rats with Severe Acute Pancreatitis

PubMed Central

Wang, Gui-Jun; Wang, Yue; Teng, Yong-Sheng; Sun, Fa-Lv; Xiang, Hong; Liu, Jian-Jun; Xia, Shi-Lin; Zhang, Gui-Xin

2016-01-01

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) results in high mortality. This is partly because of early multiple organ dysfunction syndromes that are usually caused by systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Many studies have reported the beneficial effects of emodin against SAP with SIRS. However, the exact mechanism underlying the effect of emodin remains unclear. This study was designed to explore the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of emodin against SIRS in rats with SAP. In the present study, cytosolic Ca2+ levels, calpain 1 activity, and the expression levels of the active fragments of caspases 12 and 3 decreased in neutrophils from rats with SAP and increased after treatment with emodin. Delayed neutrophil apoptosis occurred in rats with SAP and emodin was able to reverse this delayed apoptosis and inhibit SIRS. The effect of emodin on calpain 1 activity, the expression levels of the active fragments of caspases 12 and 3, neutrophil apoptosis, and SIRS scores were attenuated by PD150606 (an inhibitor of calpain). These results suggest that emodin inhibits SIRS in rats with SAP by inducing circulating neutrophil apoptosis via the Ca2+-calpain 1-caspase 12-caspase 3 signaling pathway. PMID:28078280

STS-59 payload SIR-C/X-SAR antenna view

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-10-30

S93-48551 (October 1993) --- The Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C and X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) antenna, developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) as part of NASA's Mission to Planet Earth (MTPE), will fly aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour. The radar antenna uses microwave energy which gives it the ability to collect data over virtually any region at any time, regardless of weather or sunlight conditions. The radar waves can penetrate clouds, and under certain conditions the radar can also see through vegetation, ice and dry sand. In many cases, spaceborne radar is the only way scientists can explore large-scale and inaccessible regions of the Earth's surface. SIR-C/X-SAR uses three microwave wavelengths: L-Band (24 cm), C-Band (6 cm) and X-Ban (3 cm). The multi-frequency data will be used by the international scientific community to monitor global environmental processes with a focus on climate change. The MTPE spaceborne data, complemented by aircraft and ground studies, will give scientists clearer insights into those environmental changes which are caused by nature and those changes which are induced by human activity.

An L Band Spectrum of the Coldest Brown Dwarf

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morley, Caroline V.; Skemer, Andrew J.; Allers, Katelyn N.; Marley, Mark. S.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Visscher, Channon; Beiler, Samuel A.; Miles, Brittany E.; Lupu, Roxana; Freedman, Richard S.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Geballe, Thomas R.; Bjoraker, Gordon L.

2018-05-01

The coldest brown dwarf, WISE 0855, is the closest known planetary-mass, free-floating object and has a temperature nearly as cold as the solar system gas giants. Like Jupiter, it is predicted to have an atmosphere rich in methane, water, and ammonia, with clouds of volatile ices. WISE 0855 is faint at near-infrared wavelengths and emits almost all its energy in the mid-infrared. Skemer et al. presented a spectrum of WISE 0855 from 4.5–5.1 μm (M band), revealing water vapor features. Here, we present a spectrum of WISE 0855 in the L band, from 3.4–4.14 μm. We present a set of atmosphere models that include a range of compositions (metallicities and C/O ratios) and water ice clouds. Methane absorption is clearly present in the spectrum. The mid-infrared color can be better matched with a methane abundance that is depleted relative to solar abundance. We find that there is evidence for water ice clouds in the M band spectrum, and we find a lack of phosphine spectral features in both the L and M band spectra. We suggest that a deep continuum opacity source may be obscuring the near-infrared flux, possibly a deep phosphorous-bearing cloud, ammonium dihyrogen phosphate. Observations of WISE 0855 provide critical constraints for cold planetary atmospheres, bridging the temperature range between the long-studied solar system planets and accessible exoplanets. The James Webb Space Telescope will soon revolutionize our understanding of cold brown dwarfs with high-precision spectroscopy across the infrared, allowing us to study their compositions and cloud properties, and to infer their atmospheric dynamics and formation processes.

Bifurcation analysis in SIR epidemic model with treatment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balamuralitharan, S.; Radha, M.

2018-04-01

We investigated the bifurcation analysis of nonlinear system of SIR epidemic model with treatment. It is accepted that the treatment is corresponding to the quantity of infective which is below the limit and steady when the quantity of infective achieves the limit. We analyze about the Transcritical bifurcation which occurs at the disease free equilibrium point and Hopf bifurcation which occurs at endemic equilibrium point. Using MATLAB we show the picture of bifurcation at the disease free equilibrium point.

Simulation of L-band and HH microwave backscattering from coniferous forest stands - A comparison with SIR-B data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sun, Guo-Qing; Simonett, David S.

1988-01-01

SIR-B images of the Mt. Shasta region of northern California are used to evaluate a composite L-band HH backscattering model of coniferous forest stands. It is found that both SIR-B and simulated backscattering coefficients for eight stands studied have similar trends and relations to average tree height and average number of trees per pixel. Also, the dispersion and distribution of simulated backscattering coefficients from each stand broadly match SIR-B data from the same stand. Although the limited quality and quantity of experimental data makes it difficult to draw any strong conclusions, the comparisons indicate that a stand-based L-band HH composite model seems promising for explaining backscattering features.

The dark side of browning.

PubMed

Tamucci, Kirstin A; Namwanje, Maria; Fan, Lihong; Qiang, Li

2018-02-01

The induction of brown-like adipocyte development in white adipose tissue (WAT) confers numerous metabolic benefits by decreasing adiposity and increasing energy expenditure. Therefore, WAT browning has gained considerable attention for its potential to reverse obesity and its associated co-morbidities. However, this perspective has been tainted by recent studies identifying the detrimental effects of inducing WAT browning. This review aims to highlight the adverse outcomes of both overactive and underactive browning activity, the harmful side effects of browning agents, as well as the molecular brake-switch system that has been proposed to regulate this process. Developing novel strategies that both sustain the metabolic improvements of WAT browning and attenuate the related adverse side effects is therefore essential for unlocking the therapeutic potential of browning agents in the treatment of metabolic diseases.

"Restructuring" Stirs Outcry at James Madison.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Magner, Denise K.

1995-01-01

An administration plan to discontinue the physics major at James Madison University (Virginia) has raised concerns about the president's leadership and management style, and the role of faculty in institutional decision making. Faculty were notified of the plan only after student leaders were told. (MSE)

[Sir Geoffrey Keynes 1887-1982. Surgical pioneer, medical historian, humanist].

PubMed

Bergljung, Lars

2005-01-01

Sir Geoffrey Keynes (1887 - 1982), was a pioneer in the surgery of breast cancer and thymic deseases, n.b. in patients suffering from myastenia gravis. He strongly disapproved of the longstanding dogma of so called radical mastectomy in breast cancer, and advocated a more limited surgical approach, followed by radiation therapy. This was done more than fifty years before breastconserving surgery has become the therapy of choice and against considerable opposition from the surgical establishment of his days. He also became a pioneer in the surgical treatment of myastenia gravis by thymectomy, at a time when there was no real understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and when considerable controversy existed as to the importance or non importance of concomitant tumour formation in the thymus. Besides being a busy surgeon Sir Geoffrey was a medical historian, writing the biography of among others William Harvey, a bibliographer with a special interest in the poet and artist William Blake and a bibliophil with a large book collection of great value to medical history.

SIR-B ocean-wave enhancement with fast Fourier transform techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tilley, David G.

1987-01-01

Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-B) imagery is Fourier filtered to remove the estimated system-transfer function, reduce speckle noise, and produce ocean scenes with a gray scale that is proportional to wave height. The SIR-B system response to speckled scenes of uniform surfaces yields an estimate of the stationary wavenumber response of the imaging radar, modeled by the 15 even terms of an eighth-order two-dimensional polynomial. Speckle can also be used to estimate the dynamic wavenumber response of the system due to surface motion during the aperture synthesis period, modeled with a single adaptive parameter describing an exponential correlation along track. A Fourier filter can then be devised to correct for the wavenumber response of the remote sensor and scene correlation, with subsequent subtraction of an estimate of the speckle noise component. A linearized velocity bunching model, combined with a surface tilt and hydrodynamic model, is incorporated in the Fourier filter to derive estimates of wave height from the radar intensities corresponding to individual picture elements.

The contribution of William James to the origins of "scientific" psychology.

PubMed

Ferreri, Antonio M

2006-01-01

This paper illustrates the specific nature of the contribution made by the psychology of William James to the construction of modern scientific psychology. Universally recognized as the father of American scientific psychology, William James still remains a much-debated scientist, mainly for two reasons. First, he was interested in subjects that were often very far from the narrow and traditional approaches taken by the greater part of his contemporary colleagues. Secondly, in order to enlighten psychological issues, he continued to adopt multidisciplinary contributions, rather than selecting only those that stemmed from experimental and specifically laboratory contexts. James has been recently inserted in the more complex international consortium of psychologists, psychiatrists, physicians, psychotherapists, and philosophers that has been called "the French-Swiss-English-and-American psychotherapeutic alliance." This does in reality seem a more appropriate framework for understanding the specificity of James's psychology. In order to illustrate the peculiar Jamesian way of thinking about psychological issues, this paper undertakes an examination of his classical concept of the "stream of thought." Here, in fact, many different contributions converge in defining and outlining "the primary fact of consciousness"--personal, subjective, and introspective observation; philosophical arguments; "mental experiments," and psychopathological experiences; but, most of all, neurological data derived specifically from brain physiology. This last contribution has been too often underestimated, as has also the background of James's training in the development of experimental psychology, neurology, and physiology at Harvard before 1890. The paper concludes with the assertion that James represents the prototype of a new way of defining the scientific quality of modern psychology, far from the narrow definition given by the laboratory experimentalists fresh from the German

PALEODRAINAGES OF THE EASTERN SAHARA - THE RADAR RIVERS REVISITED (SIR - A/B IMPLICATIONS FOR A MID - TERTIARY TRANS - AFRICAN DRAINAGE SYSTEM).

USGS Publications Warehouse

McCauley, John F.; Breed, Carlos S.; Schaber, Gerald G.; McHugh, William P.; Issawi, Bahay; Haynes, C. Vance; Grolier, Maurice J.; El Kilani, Ali

1986-01-01

A complex history of Cenozoic fluvial activity in the presently hyperarid eastern Sahara is inferred from Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR) data and postflight field investigations in southwest Egypt and northwest Sudan. SIR images were coregistered with Landsat and existing maps as a guide to exploration of the buried paleodrainages (radar rivers) first discovered by SIR-A. Field observations explain the radar responses of three types of radar rivers: RR-1, RR-2, and RR-3. A generalized model of the radar rivers, based on field studies and regional geologic relations, shows apparent changes in river regimen since the large valleys were established during the late Paleogene-early Neogene eras. SIR-based mapping of these paleodrainages, although incomplete, reveals missing links in an area once thought to be devoid of master streams.

Disease mapping based on stochastic SIR-SI model for Dengue and Chikungunya in Malaysia

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Samat, N. A.; Ma'arof, S. H. Mohd Imam

This paper describes and demonstrates a method for relative risk estimation which is based on the stochastic SIR-SI vector-borne infectious disease transmission model specifically for Dengue and Chikungunya diseases in Malaysia. Firstly, the common compartmental model for vector-borne infectious disease transmission called the SIR-SI model (susceptible-infective-recovered for human populations; susceptible-infective for vector populations) is presented. This is followed by the explanations on the stochastic SIR-SI model which involve the Bayesian description. This stochastic model then is used in the relative risk formulation in order to obtain the posterior relative risk estimation. Then, this relative estimation model is demonstrated using Denguemore » and Chikungunya data of Malaysia. The viruses of these diseases are transmitted by the same type of female vector mosquito named Aedes Aegypti and Aedes Albopictus. Finally, the findings of the analysis of relative risk estimation for both Dengue and Chikungunya diseases are presented, compared and displayed in graphs and maps. The distribution from risk maps show the high and low risk area of Dengue and Chikungunya diseases occurrence. This map can be used as a tool for the prevention and control strategies for both diseases.« less

Disease mapping based on stochastic SIR-SI model for Dengue and Chikungunya in Malaysia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samat, N. A.; Ma'arof, S. H. Mohd Imam

2014-12-01

This paper describes and demonstrates a method for relative risk estimation which is based on the stochastic SIR-SI vector-borne infectious disease transmission model specifically for Dengue and Chikungunya diseases in Malaysia. Firstly, the common compartmental model for vector-borne infectious disease transmission called the SIR-SI model (susceptible-infective-recovered for human populations; susceptible-infective for vector populations) is presented. This is followed by the explanations on the stochastic SIR-SI model which involve the Bayesian description. This stochastic model then is used in the relative risk formulation in order to obtain the posterior relative risk estimation. Then, this relative estimation model is demonstrated using Dengue and Chikungunya data of Malaysia. The viruses of these diseases are transmitted by the same type of female vector mosquito named Aedes Aegypti and Aedes Albopictus. Finally, the findings of the analysis of relative risk estimation for both Dengue and Chikungunya diseases are presented, compared and displayed in graphs and maps. The distribution from risk maps show the high and low risk area of Dengue and Chikungunya diseases occurrence. This map can be used as a tool for the prevention and control strategies for both diseases.

Significance of brown dwarfs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Black, D. C.

1986-01-01

The significance of brown dwarfs for resolving some major problems in astronomy is discussed. The importance of brown dwarfs for models of star formation by fragmentation of molecular clouds and for obtaining independent measurements of the ages of stars in binary systems is addressed. The relationship of brown dwarfs to planets is considered.

John James Audubon & the Turkey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hinshaw, Craig

2012-01-01

In the first half of the 1800s, John James Audubon roamed the wilds of America attempting to draw all the birds in their natural habitat. He published his life-sized paintings in a huge book entitled "Birds of America." Audubon developed a unique system of depicting the birds in natural poses, such as flying. After shooting the bird, he would wire…

Brown Dwarf Comparison

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-11-17

NASA Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer will uncover many failed stars, or brown dwarfs, in infrared light. This diagram shows a brown dwarf in relation to Earth, Jupiter, a low-mass star and the sun.

On the Shoulders of Sir Isaac Newton and Arthur Storer

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Helen E.; Evans-Gondo, Bonita

2013-01-01

Helen E. Martin, the author of this article, is a retired National Board Certified Teacher who has been researching Sir Isaac Newton's unpublished manuscripts for over three decades. While researching the work of Newton, a teacher she was mentoring asked for some hands-on activities to study planetary motion. The description of the activity…

Approximating SIR-B response characteristics and estimating wave height and wavelength for ocean imagery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tilley, David G.

1987-01-01

NASA Space Shuttle Challenger SIR-B ocean scenes are used to derive directional wave spectra for which speckle noise is modeled as a function of Rayleigh random phase coherence downrange and Poisson random amplitude errors inherent in the Doppler measurement of along-track position. A Fourier filter that preserves SIR-B image phase relations is used to correct the stationary and dynamic response characteristics of the remote sensor and scene correlator, as well as to subtract an estimate of the speckle noise component. A two-dimensional map of sea surface elevation is obtained after the filtered image is corrected for both random and deterministic motions.

[Sir Harold Ridley--the creator of modern cataract surgery].

PubMed

Obuchowska, Iwona; Mariak, Zofia

2005-01-01

In February 2000, the worldwide ophthalmology community celebrated the 50th anniversary of one of the twentieth century's most important innovations in eye care--the implantation of the first intraocular lens after cataract extraction by Sir Harold Ridley. It was the initiation of a golden age for the development of ophthalmology, especially cataract surgery. In our paper we would like to remember this outstanding English ophthalmologist and his great invention.

Laboratory Diagnosis of Sepsis? No SIRS, Not Just Yet

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

In order to maximize the benefit of prompt antimicrobial therapy and avoid the risk associated with inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents, patients with suspected sepsis must be rapidly differentiated from patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). In combination with standard microbiological testing, a number of biomarkers have been recently evaluated for this purpose, and the performance characteristics of the most promising of these are reviewed. PMID:25631808

Sir Peter Medawar: science, creativity and the popularization of Karl Popper

PubMed Central

Calver, Neil

2013-01-01

Sir Peter Medawar was respected by scientists and literati alike. It was perhaps not surprising, then, that he would choose to involve himself in the ‘two cultures’ debate of 1959 and beyond. The focus of his intervention was the philosophy of Sir Karl Popper. However, Medawar's Popper was not the guru of falsification familiar from philosophy textbooks. Medawar's distinctive interpretation of Popper treated him instead as the source of insights into the role of creativity and imagination in scientific inquiry. This paper traces the context for Medawar's adoption of Popperian philosophy, together with its application before the debate. It then examines, within the context of the debate itself, the way in which Medawar attempted to reconcile scientific inquiry with literary practice. Medawar became increasingly convinced that not only was induction epistemologically unsound, but it was also damaging to the public role of the scientist. His construction of Popperianism would, he envisaged, provide a worthy alternative for scientists’ self-image.

Interlobate comparison of glacial-depositional style as evidenced by small-relief glacial landscape features in Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio, utilizing SIR-B

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, W. H.; Bleuer, N. K.; Fraser, G. S.; Totten, S. M.

1984-01-01

The objectives and expected results of an investigation of the use of the Shuttle Imaging Radar-B (SIR-B) as a basic tool in the recognition and mapping of glacial landforms are discussed. The main goals are: (1) to evaluate the ability of SIR-B to delineate varying sizes, shapes, and relief of surface forms; (2) to compare and contrast SIR-B imagery with selected Seasat SAR imagery; (3) to utilize SIR-B imagery synergistically with available SEASAT SAR, LANDSAT RBV, and other imagery sources to identify and map suites of glacial landforms; and (4) eventually to interpret the suites in terms of ice dynamics and conditions of deglaciation, to relate them to the stratigraphic record, and to evaluate interactions of the major lobes and sublobes.

75 FR 62421 - Notice of Lodging of Consent Decree Under the Clean Air Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-08

... States of America v. James Valley Ethanol, LLC, Northern Lights Ethanol, LLC, and Poet Plant Management... Ethanol, LLC (``James Valley''), Northern Lights Ethanol, LLC (``Northern Lights''), and POET Plant.... Defendant James Valley owns an ethanol production facility in Brown County, South Dakota, near Groton (the...

75 FR 9904 - James A. Holland; Denial of Hearing; Final Debarment Order

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-04

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2009-N-0205] James A. Holland; Denial of Hearing; Final Debarment Order AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is denying James A. Holland's request for...

Forecasting seasonal influenza with a state-space SIR model

DOE PAGES

Osthus, Dave; Hickmann, Kyle S.; Caragea, Petruţa C.; ...

2017-04-08

Seasonal influenza is a serious public health and societal problem due to its consequences resulting from absenteeism, hospitalizations, and deaths. The overall burden of influenza is captured by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s influenza-like illness network, which provides invaluable information about the current incidence. This information is used to provide decision support regarding prevention and response efforts. Despite the relatively rich surveillance data and the recurrent nature of seasonal influenza, forecasting the timing and intensity of seasonal influenza in the U.S. remains challenging because the form of the disease transmission process is uncertain, the disease dynamics are onlymore » partially observed, and the public health observations are noisy. Fitting a probabilistic state-space model motivated by a deterministic mathematical model [a susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) model] is a promising approach for forecasting seasonal influenza while simultaneously accounting for multiple sources of uncertainty. A significant finding of this work is the importance of thoughtfully specifying the prior, as results critically depend on its specification. Our conditionally specified prior allows us to exploit known relationships between latent SIR initial conditions and parameters and functions of surveillance data. We demonstrate advantages of our approach relative to alternatives via a forecasting comparison using several forecast accuracy metrics.« less

Forecasting seasonal influenza with a state-space SIR model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Osthus, Dave; Hickmann, Kyle S.; Caragea, Petruţa C.

Seasonal influenza is a serious public health and societal problem due to its consequences resulting from absenteeism, hospitalizations, and deaths. The overall burden of influenza is captured by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s influenza-like illness network, which provides invaluable information about the current incidence. This information is used to provide decision support regarding prevention and response efforts. Despite the relatively rich surveillance data and the recurrent nature of seasonal influenza, forecasting the timing and intensity of seasonal influenza in the U.S. remains challenging because the form of the disease transmission process is uncertain, the disease dynamics are onlymore » partially observed, and the public health observations are noisy. Fitting a probabilistic state-space model motivated by a deterministic mathematical model [a susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) model] is a promising approach for forecasting seasonal influenza while simultaneously accounting for multiple sources of uncertainty. A significant finding of this work is the importance of thoughtfully specifying the prior, as results critically depend on its specification. Our conditionally specified prior allows us to exploit known relationships between latent SIR initial conditions and parameters and functions of surveillance data. We demonstrate advantages of our approach relative to alternatives via a forecasting comparison using several forecast accuracy metrics.« less

Sir Victor Horsley (1857-1916): pioneer of neurological surgery.

PubMed

Tan, Tze-Ching; Black, Peter McL

2002-03-01

Immortalized in surgical history for the introduction of "antiseptic wax," Sir Victor Horsley played a pivotal role in shaping the face of standard neurosurgical practice. His contributions include the first laminectomy for spinal neoplasm, the first carotid ligation for cerebral aneurysm, the curved skin flap, the transcranial approach to the pituitary gland, intradural division of the trigeminal nerve root for trigeminal neuralgia, and surface marking of the cerebral cortex. A tireless scientist, he was a significant player in discovering the cure for myxedema, the eradication of rabies from England, and the invention of the Horsley-Clarke stereotactic frame. As a pathologist, Horsley performed research on bacteria and edema and founded the Journal of Pathology. Horsley's kindness, humility, and generous spirit endeared him to patients, colleagues, and students. Born to privilege, he was nonetheless dedicated to improving the lot of the common man and directed his efforts toward the suffrage of women, medical reform, and free health care for the working class. Knighted in 1902 for his many contributions to medicine, Sir Victor met an untimely death during World War I from heat stroke at the age of 59. An iconoclast of keen intellect, unlimited energy, and consummate skill, his life and work justify his epitaph as a "pioneer of neurological surgery."

Forecasting seasonal influenza with a state-space SIR model.

PubMed

Osthus, Dave; Hickmann, Kyle S; Caragea, Petruţa C; Higdon, Dave; Del Valle, Sara Y

2017-03-01

Seasonal influenza is a serious public health and societal problem due to its consequences resulting from absenteeism, hospitalizations, and deaths. The overall burden of influenza is captured by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's influenza-like illness network, which provides invaluable information about the current incidence. This information is used to provide decision support regarding prevention and response efforts. Despite the relatively rich surveillance data and the recurrent nature of seasonal influenza, forecasting the timing and intensity of seasonal influenza in the U.S. remains challenging because the form of the disease transmission process is uncertain, the disease dynamics are only partially observed, and the public health observations are noisy. Fitting a probabilistic state-space model motivated by a deterministic mathematical model [a susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) model] is a promising approach for forecasting seasonal influenza while simultaneously accounting for multiple sources of uncertainty. A significant finding of this work is the importance of thoughtfully specifying the prior, as results critically depend on its specification. Our conditionally specified prior allows us to exploit known relationships between latent SIR initial conditions and parameters and functions of surveillance data. We demonstrate advantages of our approach relative to alternatives via a forecasting comparison using several forecast accuracy metrics.

Sir William Osler's speech at Troy: a Trojan horse?

PubMed

Moran, Michael E

2012-01-01

Troy, New York, is a city of 55,000 people in upstate New York located along the Hudson River. A city of surprisingly rich cultural heritage, it was the home of New York state's first hospital outside New York City. The 50th anniversary celebration of Troy's hospital brought William Osler to the city as the keynote speaker. This speech, delivered on November 28, 1900, is one of Sir William's less well known addresses. Osler began his comments with Sir Thomas More's Utopia and talked at length about the hospital, its obligations, the influences it has upon the community, and the role of physicians and surgeons. He broached one of his old saws, the salary of attending physicians and their needed role in hospital management. His words were published in the diamond jubilee's records, but the hospital did not outlive its prominent guest professor, and it closed its doors in 1914. Just like the great historical city of Troy, New York's own Troy was on the brink of decline, and its hospital would be the first fatality. Therefore, it is almost prescient that the words of Osler, taken into historical context juxtaposed against the socioeconomic forces at work, are akin to the Greek's offering of a wooden edifice to end the Trojan War.

Sir William Osler's speech at Troy: a Trojan horse?

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Troy, New York, is a city of 55,000 people in upstate New York located along the Hudson River. A city of surprisingly rich cultural heritage, it was the home of New York state's first hospital outside New York City. The 50th anniversary celebration of Troy's hospital brought William Osler to the city as the keynote speaker. This speech, delivered on November 28, 1900, is one of Sir William's less well known addresses. Osler began his comments with Sir Thomas More's Utopia and talked at length about the hospital, its obligations, the influences it has upon the community, and the role of physicians and surgeons. He broached one of his old saws, the salary of attending physicians and their needed role in hospital management. His words were published in the diamond jubilee's records, but the hospital did not outlive its prominent guest professor, and it closed its doors in 1914. Just like the great historical city of Troy, New York's own Troy was on the brink of decline, and its hospital would be the first fatality. Therefore, it is almost prescient that the words of Osler, taken into historical context juxtaposed against the socioeconomic forces at work, are akin to the Greek's offering of a wooden edifice to end the Trojan War. PMID:22275788

Science Results from the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR): Progress Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Evans, Diane L. (Editor); Plaut, Jeffrey (Editor)

1996-01-01

The Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) is the most advanced imaging radar system to fly in Earth orbit. Carried in the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle Endeavour in April and October of 1994, SIR-C/X-SAR simultaneously recorded SAR data at three wavelengths (L-, C-, and X-bands; 23.5, 5.8, and 3.1 cm, respectively). The SIR-C/X-SAR Science Team consists of 53 investigator teams from more than a dozen countries. Science investigations were undertaken in the fields of ecology, hydrology, ecology, and oceanography. This report contains 44 investigator team reports and several additional reports from coinvestigators and other researchers.

Sir John and Lady Rita Cornforth: a distinguished chemical partnership.

PubMed

Purchase, Rupert; Hanson, James R

2015-01-01

This review describes the life of Sir John Cornforth AC CBE FRS, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1975. It covers his early life in Australia, his work in Oxford, the National Institute for Medical Research, the Milstead Laboratory of Chemical Enzymology and the University of Sussex, together with the contributions made by his wife, Lady Rita Cornforth.

James Bernard Russell: Scholar, collaborator, mentor

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

At the time of his untimely death in 2009, ARS scientist Dr. James B. Russell had established himself as the premier rumen microbiologist of his generation. Dr. Russell’s many contributions to the field, including much of the early work on the Cornell Net Carbohydrate System model, were the product ...

James Madison and "The Federalist Papers."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Patrick, John J.; And Others

A collection of resources for high school history and government teachers and their students, this volume treats core ideas on constitutional government in the United States. James Madison's ideas as found in "The Federalist Papers" are examined in conjunction with their counterpoints in essays of the Anti-Federalists. This volume…

Salvaging the self in a world without soul: William James's The Principles of psychology.

PubMed

Coon, D J

2000-05-01

This article explores William James's transformation of the religious soul into the secular self in The Principles of Psychology. Although James's views on the self are familiar to many historians of psychology, the article places his treatment of the self within the broader social and cultural context of a secularizing, industrializing society. There were palpable tensions and anxieties that accompanied the cultural shift, and these are particularly transparent in James's Principles. James attempted the project of secularizing the soul in order to promote a natural science of the mind but with marked ambivalence for the project, because it left out some of the moral and metaphysical questions of great interest to him.

The use of multifrequency and polarimetric SIR-C/X-SAR data in geologic studies of Bir Safsaf, Egypt

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schaber, G.G.; McCauley, J.F.; Breed, C.S.

1997-01-01

Bir Safsaf, within the hyperarid 'core' of the Sahara in the Western Desert of Egypt, was recognized following the SIR-A and SIR-B missions in the 1980s as one of the key localities in northeast Africa, where penetration of dry sand by radar signals delineates previously unknown, sand-buried paleodrainage valleys ('radar-rivers') of middle Tertiary to Quaternary age. The Bir Safsaf area was targeted as a focal point for further research in sand penetration and geologic mapping using the multifrequency and polarimetric SIR-C/X-SAR sensors. Analysis of the SIR-C/X-SAR data from Bir Safsaf provides important new information on the roles of multiple SAR frequency and polarimetry in portraying specific types of geologic units, materials, and structures mostly hidden from view on the ground and on Landsat TM images by a relatively thin, but extensive blanket of blow sand. Basement rock units (granitoids and gneisses) and the fractures associated with them at Bir Safsaf are shown here for the first time to be clearly delineated using C- and L-band SAR images. The detectability of most geologic features is dependent primarily on radar frequency, as shown for wind erosion patterns in bedrock at X-band (3 cm wavelength), and for geologic units and sand and clay-filled fractures in weathered crystal-line basement rocks at C-band (6 cm) and L-band (24 cm). By contrast, Quaternary paleodrainage channels are detectable at all three radar frequencies owing, among other things, to an usually thin cover of blow sand. The SIR-C/X-SAR data investigated to date enable us to make specific recommendations about the utility of certain radar sensor configurations for geologic and paleoenvironmental reconnaissance in desert regions.Analysis of the shuttle imaging radar-C/X-synthetic aperture radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) data from Bir Safsaf provides important new information on the roles of multiple SAR frequency and polarimetry in portraying specific types of geologic units, materials, and

James Madison and a Shift in Precipitation Seasonality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Druckenbrod, D. L.; Mann, M. E.; Stahle, D. W.; Cleaveland, M. K.; Therrell, M. D.; Shugart, H. H.

2001-12-01

An eighteen-year meteorological diary and tree ring data from James Madison's Montpelier plantation provide a consistent reconstruction of early summer and prior fall rainfall for the 18th Century Virginia piedmont. The Madison meteorological diary suggests a seasonal shift in monthly rainfall towards an earlier wet season relative to 20th Century norms. Furthermore, dendroclimatic reconstructions of early summer and prior fall rainfall reflect this shift in the seasonality of summer rainfall. The most pronounced early summer drought during the Madison diary period is presented as a case study. This 1792 drought occurs during one of the strongest El Niño events on record and is highlighted in the correspondence of James Madison.

The delusion of the Master: the last days of Henry James.

PubMed

Bartolomeo, Paolo

2013-11-01

The novelist Henry James shared with his brother William, the author of the Principles of Psychology, a deep interest in the ways in which personal identity is built through one's history and experiences. At the end of his life, Henry James suffered a vascular stroke in the right hemisphere and developed a striking identity delusion. He dictated in a perfectly clear and coherent manner two letters as if they were written by Napoleon Bonaparte. He also showed signs of reduplicative paramnesia. Negative symptoms resulting from right hemisphere damage may disrupt the feelings of "warmth and intimacy and immediacy" and the "resemblance among the parts of a continuum of feelings (especially bodily feelings)", which are the foundation of personal identity according to William James. On the other hand, a left hemisphere receiving inadequate input from the damaged right hemisphere may produce positive symptoms such as delusional, confabulatory narratives. Other fragments dictated during Henry James's final disease reveal some form of insight, if partial and disintegrated, into his condition. Thus, even when consciousness is impaired by brain damage, something of its deep nature may persist, as attested by the literary characteristics of the last fragments of the Master.

The transcriptional repressor Sum1p counteracts Sir2p in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, mitochondrial quality control and replicative lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PubMed

Higuchi-Sanabria, Ryo; Vevea, Jason D; Charalel, Joseph K; Sapar, Maria L; Pon, Liza A

2016-01-18

Increasing the stability or dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton can extend lifespan in C. elegans and S. cerevisiae . Actin cables of budding yeast, bundles of actin filaments that mediate cargo transport, affect lifespan control through effects on mitochondrial quality control. Sir2p, the founding member of the Sirtuin family of lifespan regulators, also affects actin cable dynamics, assembly, and function in mitochondrial quality control. Here, we obtained evidence for novel interactions between Sir2p and Sum1p, a transcriptional repressor that was originally identified through mutations that genetically suppress sir2 ∆ phenotypes unrelated to lifespan. We find that deletion of SUM1 in wild-type cells results in increased mitochondrial function and actin cable abundance. Furthermore, deletion of SUM1 suppresses defects in actin cables and mitochondria of sir2 ∆ yeast, and extends the replicative lifespan and cellular health span of sir2 ∆ cells. Thus, Sum1p suppresses Sir2p function in control of specific aging determinants and lifespan in budding yeast.

Australian Multiexperimental Assessment of SIR-B (AMAS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Richards, J. A.; Forster, B. C.; Milne, A. K.; Taylor, G. R.; Trinder, J. C.

1984-01-01

The utility of SIR-B data for analysis of surface properties and subsurface morphology in three arid regions of Australia is investigated. This study area is located in western New South Wales. It contains extensive aeolian and alluvially derived depositional plains and is the site of the University's Arid Zone Research Station; it is well-mapped and surveyed. Radar backscatter is mapped and evaluated against known terrain conditions. Relative components of surface and subsurface return are determined with a view to identifying structural properties of surface and subsurface morphology. The capability of microwave remote sensing in locating likely groundwater sources in the Bancannia Basin, near Fowler's Gap is assessed.

Fathers' Role as Attachment Figures: An Interview with Sir Richard Bowlby

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newland, Lisa A.; Coyl, Diana D.

2010-01-01

Sir Richard Bowlby, son of John Bowlby, has carried on his father's work by lecturing and writing on the topic of attachment theory. He has initiated and maintained international connections with researchers, practitioners and agencies in the field of child development, and has produced training videos to more widely disseminate information about…

Structure and interactions of the Bacillus subtilis sporulation inhibitor of DNA replication, SirA, with domain I of DnaA

PubMed Central

Jameson, Katie H; Rostami, Nadia; Fogg, Mark J; Turkenburg, Johan P; Grahl, Anne; Murray, Heath; Wilkinson, Anthony J

2014-01-01

Chromosome copy number in cells is controlled so that the frequency of initiation of DNA replication matches that of cell division. In bacteria, this is achieved through regulation of the interaction between the initiator protein DnaA and specific DNA elements arrayed at the origin of replication. DnaA assembles at the origin and promotes DNA unwinding and the assembly of a replication initiation complex. SirA is a DnaA-interacting protein that inhibits initiation of replication in diploid Bacillus subtilis cells committed to the developmental pathway leading to formation of a dormant spore. Here we present the crystal structure of SirA in complex with the N-terminal domain of DnaA revealing a heterodimeric complex. The interacting surfaces of both proteins are α-helical with predominantly apolar side-chains packing in a hydrophobic interface. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments confirm the importance of this interface for the interaction of the two proteins in vitro and in vivo. Localization of GFP–SirA indicates that the protein accumulates at the replisome in sporulating cells, likely through a direct interaction with DnaA. The SirA interacting surface of DnaA corresponds closely to the HobA-interacting surface of DnaA from Helicobacter pylori even though HobA is an activator of DnaA and SirA is an inhibitor. PMID:25041308

Brown Dwarf Microlensing (Illustration)

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-11-10

This illustration depicts a newly discovered brown dwarf, an object that weighs in somewhere between our solar system's most massive planet (Jupiter) and the least-massive-known star. This brown dwarf, dubbed OGLE-2015-BLG-1319, interests astronomers because it may fall in the "desert" of brown dwarfs. Scientists have found that, for stars roughly the mass of our sun, less than 1 percent have a brown dwarf orbiting within 3 AU (1 AU is the distance between Earth and the sun). This brown dwarf was discovered when it and its star passed between Earth and a much more distant star in our galaxy. This created a microlensing event, where the gravity of the system amplified the light of the background star over the course of several weeks. This microlensing was observed by ground-based telescopes looking for these uncommon events, and was the first to be seen by two space-based telescopes: NASA's Spitzer and Swift missions. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA21076

Brown adipose tissue

PubMed Central

Townsend, Kristy; Tseng, Yu-Hua

2012-01-01

Obesity is currently a global pandemic, and is associated with increased mortality and co-morbidities including many metabolic diseases. Obesity is characterized by an increase in adipose mass due to increased energy intake, decreased energy expenditure, or both. While white adipose tissue is specialized for energy storage, brown adipose tissue has a high concentration of mitochondria and uniquely expresses uncoupling protein 1, enabling it to be specialized for energy expenditure and thermogenesis. Although brown fat was once considered only necessary in babies, recent morphological and imaging studies have provided evidence that, contrary to prior belief, this tissue is present and active in adult humans. In recent years, the topic of brown adipose tissue has been reinvigorated with many new studies regarding brown adipose tissue differentiation, function and therapeutic promise. This review summarizes the recent advances, discusses the emerging questions and offers perspective on the potential therapeutic applications targeting this tissue. PMID:23700507

Benchmarking Brown Dwarf Models With a Non-irradiated Transiting Brown Dwarf in Praesepe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beatty, Thomas; Marley, Mark; Line, Michael; Gizis, John

2018-05-01

We wish to use 9.4 hours of Spitzer time to observe two eclipses, one each at 3.6um and 4.5um, of the transiting brown dwarf AD 3116b. AD 3116b is a 54.2+/-4.3 MJ, 1.08+/-0.07 RJ object on a 1.98 day orbit about a 3200K M-dwarf. Uniquely, AD 3116 and its host star are both members of Praesepe, a 690+/-60 Myr old open cluster. AD 3116b is thus one of two transiting brown dwarfs for which we have a robust isochronal age that is not dependent upon brown dwarf evolutionary models, and the youngest brown dwarf for which this is the case. Importantly, the flux AD 3116b receives from its host star is only 0.7% of its predicted internal luminosity (Saumon & Marley 2008). This makes AD 3116b the first known transiting brown dwarf that simultaneously has a well-defined age, and that receives a negligible amount of external irradiation, and a unique laboratory to test radius and luminosity predictions from brown dwarf evolutionary models. Our goal is to measure the emission from the brown dwarf. AD 3116b should have large, 25 mmag, eclipse depths in the Spitzer bandpasses, and we expect to measure them with a precision of +/-0.50 mmag at 3.6um and +/-0.54 mmag at 4.5um. This will allow us to make measure AD 3116b?s internal effective temperature to +/-40K. We will also use the upcoming Gaia DR2 parallaxes to measure AD 3116b's absolute IRAC magnitudes and color, and hence determine the cloud properties of the atmosphere. As the only known brown dwarf with an independently measured mass, radius, and age, Spitzer measurements of AD 3116b's luminosity and clouds will provide a critical benchmark for brown dwarf observation and theory.

Association between intravenous chloride load during resuscitation and in-hospital mortality among patients with SIRS.

PubMed

Shaw, Andrew D; Raghunathan, Karthik; Peyerl, Fred W; Munson, Sibyl H; Paluszkiewicz, Scott M; Schermer, Carol R

2014-12-01

Recent data suggest that both elevated serum chloride levels and volume overload may be harmful during fluid resuscitation. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the intravenous chloride load and in-hospital mortality among patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), with and without adjustment for the crystalloid volume administered. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 109,836 patients ≥ 18 years old that met criteria for SIRS and received fluid resuscitation with crystalloids. We examined the association between changes in serum chloride concentration, the administered chloride load and fluid volume, and the 'volume-adjusted chloride load' and in-hospital mortality. In general, increases in the serum chloride concentration were associated with increased mortality. Mortality was lowest (3.7%) among patients with minimal increases in serum chloride concentration (0-10 mmol/L) and when the total administered chloride load was low (3.5% among patients receiving 100-200 mmol; P < 0.05 versus patients receiving ≥ 500 mmol). After controlling for crystalloid fluid volume, mortality was lowest (2.6%) when the volume-adjusted chloride load was 105-115 mmol/L. With adjustment for severity of illness, the odds of mortality increased (1.094, 95% CI 1.062, 1.127) with increasing volume-adjusted chloride load (≥ 105 mmol/L). Among patients with SIRS, a fluid resuscitation strategy employing lower chloride loads was associated with lower in-hospital mortality. This association was independent of the total fluid volume administered and remained significant after adjustment for severity of illness, supporting the hypothesis that crystalloids with lower chloride content may be preferable for managing patients with SIRS.

Laboratory Diagnosis of Sepsis? No SIRS, Not Just Yet.

PubMed

Dunne, W Michael

2015-08-01

In order to maximize the benefit of prompt antimicrobial therapy and avoid the risk associated with inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents, patients with suspected sepsis must be rapidly differentiated from patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). In combination with standard microbiological testing, a number of biomarkers have been recently evaluated for this purpose, and the performance characteristics of the most promising of these are reviewed. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

James Madison and the Constitutional Convention.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scanlon, Thomas M.

1987-01-01

Part 1 of this three-part article traces James Madison's life and focuses primarily on those events that prepared him for leadership in the U.S. Constitutional Convention of 1787. It describes his early love of learning, education, and public service efforts. Part 2 chronicles Madison's devotion to study and preparation prior to the Constitutional…

Landscapes of Removal and Resistance: Edwin James's Nineteenth-Century Cross-Cultural Collaborations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lyndgaard, Kyhl

2010-01-01

The life of Edwin James (1797-1861) is bookended by the Lewis and Clark expedition (1803-6) and the Civil War (1861-65). James's work engaged key national concerns of western exploration, natural history, Native American relocation, and slavery. His principled stands for preservation of lands and animals in the Trans-Mississippi West and his…

Sir Victor Horsley: pioneer craniopharyngioma surgeon.

PubMed

Pascual, José M; Prieto, Ruth; Mazzarello, Paolo

2015-07-01

Sir Victor Horsley (1857-1916) is considered to be the pioneer of pituitary surgery. He is known to have performed the first surgical operation on the pituitary gland in 1889, and in 1906 he stated that he had operated on 10 patients with pituitary tumors. He did not publish the details of these procedures nor did he provide evidence of the pathology of the pituitary lesions operated on. Four of the patients underwent surgery at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (Queen Square, London), and the records of those cases were recently retrieved and analyzed by members of the hospital staff. The remaining cases corresponded to private operations whose records were presumably kept in Horsley's personal notebooks, most of which have been lost. In this paper, the authors have investigated the only scientific monograph providing a complete account of the pituitary surgeries that Horsley performed in his private practice, La Patologia Chirurgica dell'Ipofisi (Surgical Pathology of the Hypophysis), written in 1911 by Giovanni Verga, Italian assistant professor of anatomy at the University of Pavia. They have traced the life and work of this little-known physician who contributed to the preservation of Horsley's legacy in pituitary surgery. Within Verga's pituitary treatise, a full transcription of Horsley's notes is provided for 10 pituitary cases, including the patients' clinical symptoms, surgical techniques employed, intraoperative findings, and the outcome of surgery. The descriptions of the topographical and macroscopic features of two of the lesions correspond unmistakably to the features of craniopharyngiomas, one of the squamous-papillary type and one of the adamantinomatous type. The former lesion was found on necropsy after the patient's sudden death following a temporal osteoplastic craniectomy. Surgical removal of the lesion in the latter case, with the assumed nature of an adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma, was successful. According to the

The Case of James Leininger: An American Case of the Reincarnation Type.

PubMed

Tucker, Jim B

2016-01-01

Numerous cases of young children who report memories of previous lives have been studied over the last 50 years. Though such cases are more easily found in cultures that have a general belief in reincarnation, they occur in the West as well. This article describes the case of James Leininger, an American child who at age two began having intense nightmares of a plane crash. He then described being an American pilot who was killed when his plane was shot down by the Japanese. He gave details that included the name of an American aircraft carrier, the first and last name of a friend who was on the ship with him, and a location and other specifics about the fatal crash. His parents eventually discovered a close correspondence between James׳s statements and the death of a World War II pilot named James Huston. Documentation of James׳s statements that was made before Huston was identified includes a television interview with his parents that never aired but which the author has been able to review. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Procalcitonin fails to predict bacteremia in SIRS patients: a cohort study.

PubMed

Hoenigl, M; Raggam, R B; Wagner, J; Prueller, F; Grisold, A J; Leitner, E; Seeber, K; Prattes, J; Valentin, T; Zollner-Schwetz, I; Schilcher, G; Krause, R

2014-10-01

Procalcitonin (PCT) has previously been proposed as useful marker to rule out bloodstream-infection (BSI). The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of different PCT cut-offs for prediction of BSI in patients with community (CA)- and hospital-acquired (HA)-BSI. A total of 898 patients fulfilling systemic-inflammatory-response-syndrome (SIRS) criteria were enrolled in this prospective cohort study at the Medical University of Graz, Austria. Of those 666 patients had positive blood cultures (282 CA-BSI, 384 HA-BSI, enrolled between January 2011 and December 2012) and 232 negative blood cultures (enrolled between January 2011 and July 2011 at the emergency department). Blood samples for determination of laboratory infection markers (e.g. PCT) were collected simultaneously with blood cultures. Procalcitonin was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in SIRS patients with bacteremia/fungemia than in those without. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.675 for PCT (95% CI 0.636-0.714) for differentiating patients with BSI from those without. AUC for IL-6 was 0.558 (95% CI 0.515-0.600). However, even at the lowest cut-off evaluated (i.e. 0.1 ng/ml) PCT failed to predict BSI in 7% (n = 46) of patients. In the group of patients with SIRS and negative blood culture 79% (n = 185) had PCT levels > 0.1. Procalcitonin was significantly higher in patients with BSI than in those without and superior to IL-6 and CRP. The clinical importance of this is questionable, because a suitable PCT threshold for excluding BSI was not established. An approach where blood cultures are guided by PCT only can therefore not be recommended. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Physiology as the antechamber to metaphysics: the young William James's hope for a philosophical psychology.

PubMed

Croce, P J

1999-11-01

In the 5 years before 1878, when his career in psychology was becoming established, William James wrote a series of notes and reviews assessing the work of many of the pioneers in the new field. Adopting a public and confident voice, even while he was privately still uncertain and searching, James criticized the dogmatism of positivist and idealist claims to the study of the human brain and mind. In his short writings of 1873-1877, James started to formulate his own middle path. His first steps on that path show that he did not reject either scientific or philosophic inquiry; instead, he viewed scientific knowledge as a way to understand philosophical questions more deeply. Saving his sharpest critiques for positivism, James endorsed scientific investigation without materialist assmptions. While his career in psychology was still only a hope, James treated science as a means toward humanist insight.

Technical note: The calibration of {sup 90}Y-labeled SIR-Spheresusing a nondestructive spectroscopic assay

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Selwyn, R.; Micka, J.; DeWerd, L.

2008-04-15

{sup 90}Y-labeled SIR-Spheres are currently used to treat patients with hepatic metastases secondary to colorectal adenocarcinoma. In general, the prescribed activity is based on empirical data collected during clinical trials. The activity of the source vial is labeled by the manufacturer as 3.0 GBq{+-}10% and is not independently verified by the end user. This technical note shows that the results of a nondestructive spectroscopic assay of a SIR-Spheressample was 26% higher than the activity stated by the manufacturer. This difference should not impact the current empirical prescription method but may be problematic for patient-specific dosimetry applications, such as image-based dosimetry.

From Father to Son: Generative Care and Gradual Conversion in William James's Writing of "The Varieties"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bridgers, Lynn; Snarey, John R.

2003-01-01

Using a historical and biographical, then developmental, approach, this article examines William James's spiritual family history by reviewing key events in the life of his father, Henry James, Sr. It pays particular attention to Henry Sr's tumultuous relationship with his own father, William James of Albany, and Henry Sr's subsequent conversion…

James John Harpell: An Adult Education Pioneer.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Quarter, Jack

2000-01-01

In early 20th-century Canada, James John Harpell began correspondence courses and study clubs and was instrumental in the cooperatives movement. He used small businesses to promote social and educational innovations and was an advocate for self-study and lifelong learning. (SK)

Heterogeneous models for an early discrimination between sepsis and non-infective SIRS in medical ward patients: a pilot study.

PubMed

Mearelli, Filippo; Fiotti, Nicola; Altamura, Nicola; Zanetti, Michela; Fernandes, Giovanni; Burekovic, Ismet; Occhipinti, Alessandro; Orso, Daniele; Giansante, Carlo; Casarsa, Chiara; Biolo, Gianni

2014-10-01

The objective of the study was to determine the accuracy of phospholipase A2 group II (PLA2-II), interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), and procalcitonin (PCT) plasma levels in early ruling in/out of sepsis among systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) patients. Biomarker levels were determined in 80 SIRS patients during the first 4 h of admission to the medical ward. The final diagnosis of sepsis or non-infective SIRS was issued according to good clinical practice. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for sepsis diagnosis were assessed. The optimal biomarker combinations with clinical variables were investigated by logistic regression and decision tree (CART). PLA2-II, IP-10 and PCT, but not Ang-2, were significantly higher in septic (n = 60) than in non-infective SIRS (n = 20) patients (P ≤ 0.001, 0.027, and 0.002, respectively). PLA2-II PPV and NPV were 88 and 86%, respectively. The corresponding figures were 100 and 31% for IP-10, and 93 and 35% for PCT. Binary logistic regression model had 100% PPV and NPV, while manual and software-generated CART reached an overall accuracy of 95 and 98%, respectively, both with 100% NPV. PLA2-II and IP-10 associated with clinical variables in regression or decision tree heterogeneous models may be valuable biomarkers for sepsis diagnosis in SIRS patients admitted to medical ward (MW). Further studies are needed to introduce them into clinical practice.

James Wardrop and equine recurrent uveitis.

PubMed

Paglia, Danielle T; Miller, Paul E; Dubielzig, Richard R

2004-08-01

James Wardrop should be remembered not only as one of the founders of ocular pathology but also for his contributions to the field of comparative ophthalmology. He described a "specific inflammation" that veterinarians today know as equine recurrent uveitis. As described by Wardrop in the 19th century, this condition is known today to eventually lead to blindness.

Monitoring of the tidal dynamics of the Dutch Waddensea by SIR-B

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koopmans, B. N.; Vanderzee, D.; Verstappen, A. T.; Woldai, T.; Hoschititzky, H.

1984-01-01

The potential of LANDSAT data, covering the entire tidal flats at a certain, known, tidal situation, was assessed. It was discovered that the data cannot be used for systematic survey because of the long interval between subsequent passes, weather conditions often interfere with recording, and of the lack of correlation between passes and the tidal situation. The objective is to overcome the problems by using: (1) the synoptic view obtained by SIR-B, which has the potential of surveying large areas of the flats simultaneously; (2) the all-weather capability of the microwave system; (3) the recording during consecutive days, which results in a straightforeward correlation with the tidal cycle and the picturing of different tidal stages; and (4) the multiangle incidence of SIR-B to analyze the bottom configuration of submerged parts of the flats. The use of a weather independent monitoring device, such as radar, an improvement in the monitoring technique of tidal coastal areas.

A Buoyancy-Based Screen of Drosophila Larvae for Fat-Storage Mutants Reveals a Role for Sir2 in Coupling Fat Storage to Nutrient Availability

PubMed Central

Reis, Tânia; Van Gilst, Marc R.; Hariharan, Iswar K.

2010-01-01

Obesity has a strong genetic component, but few of the genes that predispose to obesity are known. Genetic screens in invertebrates have the potential to identify genes and pathways that regulate the levels of stored fat, many of which are likely to be conserved in humans. To facilitate such screens, we have developed a simple buoyancy-based screening method for identifying mutant Drosophila larvae with increased levels of stored fat. Using this approach, we have identified 66 genes that when mutated increase organismal fat levels. Among these was a sirtuin family member, Sir2. Sirtuins regulate the storage and metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids by deacetylating key regulatory proteins. However, since mammalian sirtuins function in many tissues in different ways, it has been difficult to define their role in energy homeostasis accurately under normal feeding conditions. We show that knockdown of Sir2 in the larval fat body results in increased fat levels. Moreover, using genetic mosaics, we demonstrate that Sir2 restricts fat accumulation in individual cells of the fat body in a cell-autonomous manner. Consistent with this function, changes in the expression of metabolic enzymes in Sir2 mutants point to a shift away from catabolism. Surprisingly, although Sir2 is typically upregulated under conditions of starvation, Sir2 mutant larvae survive better than wild type under conditions of amino-acid starvation as long as sugars are provided. Our findings point to a Sir2-mediated pathway that activates a catabolic response to amino-acid starvation irrespective of the sugar content of the diet. PMID:21085633

Astronaut James Buchli wearing extravehicular mobility unit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1985-01-01

Astronaut James F. Buchli, wearing an extravehicular mobility unit (EMU), is about to be submerged in the weightless environment training facility (WETF) to simulate a contingency extravehicular activity (EVA) for STS 61-A. In this portrait view, Buchli is wearing a communications carrier assembly (CCA).

qSOFA, SIRS and NEWS for predicting inhospital mortality and ICU admission in emergency admissions treated as sepsis.

PubMed

Goulden, Robert; Hoyle, Marie-Claire; Monis, Jessie; Railton, Darran; Riley, Victoria; Martin, Paul; Martina, Reynaldo; Nsutebu, Emmanuel

2018-06-01

The third international consensus definition for sepsis recommended use of a new prognostic tool, the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), based on its ability to predict inhospital mortality and prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay in patients with suspected infection. While several studies have compared the prognostic accuracy of qSOFA to the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) criteria in suspected sepsis, few have compared qSOFA and SIRS to the widely used National Early Warning Score (NEWS). This was a retrospective cohort study carried out in a UK tertiary centre. The study population comprised emergency admissions in whom sepsis was suspected and treated. The accuracy for predicting inhospital mortality and ICU admission was calculated and compared for qSOFA, SIRS and NEWS. Among 1818 patients, 53 were admitted to ICU (3%) and 265 died in hospital (15%). For predicting inhospital mortality, the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for NEWS (0.65, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.68) was similar to qSOFA (0.62, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.66) (test for difference, P=0.18) and superior to SIRS (P<0.001), which was not predictive. The sensitivity of NEWS≥5 (74%, 95% CI 68% to 79%) was similar to SIRS≥2 (80%, 95% CI 74% to 84%) and higher than qSOFA≥2 (37%, 95% CI 31% to 43%). The specificity of NEWS≥5 (43%, 95% CI 41% to 46%) was higher than SIRS≥2 (21%, 95% CI 19% to 23%) and lower than qSOFA≥2 (79%, 95% CI 77% to 81%). The negative predictive value was 88% (86%-90%) for qSOFA, 86% (82%-89%) for SIRS and 91% (88%-93%) for NEWS. Results were similar for the secondary outcome of ICU admission. NEWS has equivalent or superior value for most test characteristics relative to SIRS and qSOFA, calling into question the rationale of adopting qSOFA in institutions where NEWS is already in use. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No

7 CFR 29.2504 - Brown colors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Brown colors. 29.2504 Section 29.2504 Agriculture...-Cured Tobacco (u.s. Types 22, 23, and Foreign Type 96) § 29.2504 Brown colors. A group of colors ranging from a reddish brown to yellowish brown. These colors vary from low to medium saturation and from very...

7 CFR 29.2504 - Brown colors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Brown colors. 29.2504 Section 29.2504 Agriculture...-Cured Tobacco (u.s. Types 22, 23, and Foreign Type 96) § 29.2504 Brown colors. A group of colors ranging from a reddish brown to yellowish brown. These colors vary from low to medium saturation and from very...

7 CFR 29.2504 - Brown colors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Brown colors. 29.2504 Section 29.2504 Agriculture...-Cured Tobacco (u.s. Types 22, 23, and Foreign Type 96) § 29.2504 Brown colors. A group of colors ranging from a reddish brown to yellowish brown. These colors vary from low to medium saturation and from very...

7 CFR 29.2504 - Brown colors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Brown colors. 29.2504 Section 29.2504 Agriculture...-Cured Tobacco (u.s. Types 22, 23, and Foreign Type 96) § 29.2504 Brown colors. A group of colors ranging from a reddish brown to yellowish brown. These colors vary from low to medium saturation and from very...

7 CFR 29.3505 - Brown colors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Brown colors. 29.3505 Section 29.3505 Agriculture... Type 95) § 29.3505 Brown colors. A group of colors ranging from a light brown to a dark brown. These colors vary from medium to low saturation and from medium to very low brillance. As used in these...

7 CFR 29.2504 - Brown colors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Brown colors. 29.2504 Section 29.2504 Agriculture...-Cured Tobacco (u.s. Types 22, 23, and Foreign Type 96) § 29.2504 Brown colors. A group of colors ranging from a reddish brown to yellowish brown. These colors vary from low to medium saturation and from very...

Multigroup SIR epidemic model with stochastic perturbation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ji, Chunyan; Jiang, Daqing; Shi, Ningzhong

2011-05-01

In this paper, we discuss a multigroup SIR model with stochastic perturbation. We deduce the globally asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium when R0≤1, which means the disease will die out. On the other hand, when R0>1, we derive the disease will prevail, which is measured through the difference between the solution and the endemic equilibrium of the deterministic model in time average. Furthermore, we prove the system is persistent in the mean which also reflects the disease will prevail. The key to our analysis is choosing appropriate Lyapunov functions. Finally, we illustrate the dynamic behavior of the model with n=2 and their approximations via a range of numerical experiments.

SIR2-deficient Leishmania infantum induces a defined IFN-gamma/IL-10 pattern that correlates with protection.

PubMed

Silvestre, Ricardo; Cordeiro-Da-Silva, Anabela; Santarém, Nuno; Vergnes, Baptiste; Sereno, Denis; Ouaissi, Ali

2007-09-01

The ability to manipulate the Leishmania genome to create genetically modified parasites by introducing or eliminating genes is considered a powerful alternative for developing a new generation vaccine against leishmaniasis. Previously, we showed that the deletion of one allele of the Leishmania infantum silent information regulatory 2 (LiSIR2) locus was sufficient to dramatically affect amastigote axenic proliferation. Furthermore, LiSIR2 single knockout (LiSIR2(+/-)) amastigotes were unable to replicate in vitro inside macrophages. Because this L. infantum mutant persisted in BALB/c mice for up to 6 wk but failed to establish an infection, we tested its ability to provide protection toward a virulent L. infantum challenge. Strikingly, vaccination with a single i.p. injection of LiSIR2(+/-) single knockout elicits complete protection. Thus, vaccinated BALB/c mice showed a reversal of T cell anergy with specific anti-Leishmania cytotoxic activity and high levels of NO production. Moreover, vaccinated mice simultaneously generated specific anti-Leishmania IgG Ab subclasses suggestive of both type 1 and type 2 responses. A strong correlation was found between the elimination of the parasites and an increased Leishmania-specific IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratio. Therefore, we propose that the polarization to a high IFN-gamma/low IL-10 ratio after challenge is a clear indicator of vaccine success. Furthermore these mutants, which presented attenuated virulence, represent a good model to understand the correlatives of protection in visceral leishmaniasis.

The James Bay Project: Reaction or Action?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mackwood, Gae

1991-01-01

Discusses the plan to restructure northern Quebec's landscape through the James Bay hydroelectric project. Suggests that the project offers opportunities to study development versus preservation, federal versus provincial powers, and the conflict between business and Native communities. Explores the need to teach students to care about social…

Substance geology of the western desert in Egypt and Sudan revealed by Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-A)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Breed, C. S.; Schaber, G. G.; Mccauley, J. F.; Grolier, M. J.; Haynes, C. V.; Elachi, C.; Blom, R.; Issawi, B.; Mchugh, W. P.

1983-01-01

A correlation of known archaeologic sites with the mapped locations of the streamcourses is expected and may lead to new interpretations of early human history in the Sahara. The valley networks, faults, and other subjacent bedrock features mapped on the SIR-A images are promising areas for ground water and mineral exploration. Additionally, the analogies between the interplay of wind and running water in the geologic history of the Sahara and of Mars are strengthened by the SIR-A discoveries of relict drainage systems beneath the eolian veneer of Egypt and Sudan.

Exploring William James's Radical Empiricism and Relational Ontologies for Alternative Possibilities in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thayer-Bacon, Barbara J.

2017-01-01

In "A Pluralistic Universe," James argues that the world we experience is more than we can describe. Our theories are incomplete, open, and imperfect. Concepts function to try to shape, organize, and describe this open, flowing universe, while the universe continually escapes beyond our artificial boundaries. For James and myself, the…

May thrombopoietin be a useful marker of sepsis severity assessment in patients with SIRS entering the emergency department?

PubMed

Segre, Elisabetta; Pigozzi, Luca; Lison, Davide; Pivetta, Emanuele; Bosco, Ornella; Vizio, Barbara; Suppo, Umberto; Turvani, Fabrizio; Morello, Fulvio; Battista, Stefania; Moiraghi, Corrado; Montrucchio, Giuseppe; Lupia, Enrico

2014-10-01

Thrombopoietin (TPO), a growth factor primarily involved in regulating thrombopoiesis, has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis. TPO levels are, indeed, greatly increased in patients with sepsis compared to control subjects, and correlate with sepsis severity. The aim of this study was to evaluate TPO as predictive biomarker of sepsis and of sepsis severity in patients entering the emergency department (ED) with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). This was a prospective observational study. Ours is a sub-study of the 'Need-speed trial', a multi-center observational study involving six Italian centers affiliated to the GREAT Italian Network. TPO was measured by ELISA. We enrolled 13 patients with SIRS (6 with acute pancreatitis, 3 with acute heart failure, 1 with pulmonary embolism, and 3 with allergic reactions), and 40 patients with sepsis, eight of whom had severe sepsis and three septic shock. TPO was significantly higher in patients with sepsis than with SIRS. In addition, TPO was higher in patients with severe sepsis than with sepsis, and in patients with septic shock than with severe sepsis, although these differences did not reach the statistical significance. Our preliminary results suggest that TPO may have the potential to be considered a promising early biomarker for both the diagnosis of sepsis and the assessment of sepsis severity in patients with SIRS entering the ED.

The Challenge of Teaching "Brown"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waite, Cally L.

2004-01-01

This paper examines the issues on whether Brown really desegregate school. Study shows that many cases of large number of segregated schools still exist today. This was the complexity of addressing this issue that makes teaching Brown a challenge. The 1954 Supreme Court decision--Brown v. Board of Education was the basis of their study for the…

Long-term results of silicone expander for moderate and severe Brown syndrome (Brown syndrome "plus").

PubMed

Stager, D R; Parks, M M; Stager, D R; Pesheva, M

1999-12-01

The treatment of Brown syndrome has been undergoing an evolution toward more effective procedures with fewer operative interventions. Dr Kenneth Wright has introduced a procedure of superior oblique muscle tenotomy with a silicone expander to reduce the incidence of overcorrection. There was a retrospective study of 20 eyes of 19 consecutive patients with moderate or severe Brown syndrome (Brown syndrome "plus"). Follow-up ranged from 12 to 72 months. The expander, which varies 6 to 10 mm in length, was placed in all patients in the tenotomized superior oblique muscle tendon 5 mm nasal to the nasal border of the superior rectus muscle using 7-0 or 8-0 Prolene suture without violating the inner layer of the intermuscular septum. The intermuscular septum was closed over the silicone expander. One hundred percent of patients had resolution of the down shoot in adduction and some or full ability to elevate the eye in adduction. Twenty percent of patients required reoperation (12.5% using 5-8 mm expanders) for overcorrection. Restriction of downgaze was not seen postoperatively. Patients often show an undercorrection 1 to 6 months postoperatively and improve or occasionally overcorrect at 1 to 2 years postoperatively. One patient with a 10-mm expander extruded the implant. Placement of a 5- to 8-mm silicone expander in the tenotomized superior oblique muscle tendon is an effective means of correcting Brown syndrome with a low rate of reoperation. Initial undercorrection should not discourage the surgeon because improvement may continue for up to 3 years. The goal of treatment should be to convert a moderate or severe Brown syndrome (Brown syndrome plus) to a mild Brown syndrome ("true" Brown syndrome). This technique reduces the need for either simultaneous or subsequent inferior oblique muscle weakening and represents an advance in the treatment of Brown syndrome.

C. elegans sirtuin SIR-2.4 and its mammalian homolog SIRT6 in stress response.

PubMed

Jedrusik-Bode, Monika

2014-01-01

Stress is a significant life event. The immediate response to stress is critical for survival. In organisms ranging from the unicellular Saccharomyces cerevisiae to protozoa (Trypanosoma brucei) and metazoan (such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Homo sapiens) stress response leads to the formation of cytoplasmic RNA-protein complexes referred to as stress granules (SGs). SGs regulate cell survival during stress by the sequestration of the signaling molecules implicated in apoptosis. They are a transient place of messenger ribonucleoproteins (mRNPs) remodeling for storage, degradation, or reinitiation of translation during stress and recovery from stress. Recently, we have identified chromatin factor, the sirtuin C. elegans SIR-2.4 variant and its mammalian homolog SIRT6 as a regulator of SGs formation. SIRT6 is highly conserved NAD(+)-dependent lysine deacetylase and ADP-ribosyltransferase impacting longevity, metabolism, and cancer. We observed that the cellular formation of SGs by SIRT6 or SIR-2.4 was linked with the cell viability or C. elegans survival and was dependent on SIRT6 enzymatic activity. Here, we discuss how SIR-2.4/SIRT6 influences SGs formation and stress response. We suggest possible mechanisms for such an unanticipated function of a chromatin regulatory factor SIRT6 in assembly of stress granules and cellular stress resistance.

Young James Madison: His Character and Civic Values.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bennett, William J.

1987-01-01

Examines the life of James Madison, Founding Father and "theoretic statesman." Focuses specifically on Madison's education and character, his friendship with Thomas Jefferson, and his civic legacy: a selfless devotion to republican government and union. (JDH)

Indomethacin Enhances Brown Fat Activity.

PubMed

Hao, Lei; Kearns, Jamie; Scott, Sheyenne; Wu, Dayong; Kodani, Sean D; Morisseau, Christophe; Hammock, Bruce D; Sun, Xiaocun; Zhao, Ling; Wang, Shu

2018-06-01

Indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been shown to induce white adipocyte differentiation; however, its roles in brown adipocyte differentiation and activation in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and obesity are unknown. To address this issue, we treated mouse brown preadipocytes with different doses of indomethacin, and delivered indomethacin to interscapular BAT (iBAT) of obese mice using implanted osmotic pumps. Indomethacin dose dependently increased brown preadipocyte differentiation and upregulated both mRNA and protein expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ coactivator 1-alpha. The mechanistic study showed that indomethacin significantly activated the reporter driven by the PPAR response element, indicating that indomethacin may work as a PPAR γ agonist in this cell line. Consistently, indomethacin significantly decreased iBAT mass and fasting blood glucose levels in high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice. Histologic analysis showed that brown adipocytes of indomethacin-treated mice contained smaller lipid droplets compared with control mice, suggesting that indomethacin alleviated the whitening of BAT induced by the high-fat diet. Moreover, indomethacin significantly increased UCP1 mRNA expression in iBAT. Taken together, this study indicates that indomethacin can promote mouse brown adipocyte differentiation, and might increase brown fat and glucose oxidation capacity in DIO mice. Copyright © 2018 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

Aerial photographic water color variations from the James River

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bressette, W. E.

1979-01-01

Photographic flights from 305 meters altitude were made throughout the day of May 17, 1977, over seven water data stations in the James River. The flights resulted in wide-angle, broadband, spectral radiance film exposure data between the wavelengths of 500 to 900 nanometers for sun elevation angles ranging from 37 to 64 deg and variable atmospheric haze conditions. It is shown from densitometer data that: (1) the dominant observed color from James River waters is determined by the optical properties of the total suspended solid load, (2) variability in observed color is produced by a changing solar elevation angle; and (3) the rate at which observed color changes is influenced by both solar elevation angle and atmospheric conditions.

50 Years after Brown v. the Board of Education: An Interview with Cheryl Brown Henderson

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carriuolo, Nancy E.

2004-01-01

This spring marks the 50th anniversary (May 17, 1954-2004) of the Supreme Courts' decision to outlaw segregation by ruling unanimously in favor of the plaintiffs in Brown v. the Board of Education. Of course, segregation never really ended, as will be explained in this interview with Cheryl Brown Henderson, daughter of Oliver Brown, the 10th of…

Learning Resource Centres at Sir Sandford Fleming College. LRC Project Team Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Markanen, Susan; And Others

Developed by the Learning Resource Centres (LRC) Project Team at Sir Sanford Fleming College, in Ontario, Canada, this report presents a model for establishing LRCs at the college. The first section reviews the need for LRCs, including the provision of lifelong learning and expected funding decreases for traditional operations. The next sections…

Obscurity and Gender Resistance in Patricia Duncker's James Miranda Barry

PubMed Central

Funke, Jana

2012-01-01

Since his death in 1865, military surgeon James Barry has alternately been classified as a cross-dressing woman or as an intersexed individual. Patricia Duncker's novel James Miranda Barry (1999) poses an important challenge to such readings, as it does not reveal any foundational truth about Barry's sex. Resting on obscurity rather than revelation, the text frustrates the desire to know the past in terms of gender binaries and stable sexual identity categories. Drawing on feminist and queer theorisations of the relation between gender and time, this essay demonstrates that Duncker's use of obscurity opens up alternative strategies of gender resistance. PMID:25400502

Evaluation of SIR-A (Shuttle Imaging Radar) images from the Tres Marias region (Minas Gerais State, Brazil) using derived spatial features and registration with MSS-LANDSAT images

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parada, N. D. J. (Principal Investigator); Kux, H. J. H.; Dutra, L. V.

1984-01-01

Two image processing experiments are described using a MSS-LANDSAT scene from the Tres Marias region and a shuttle Imaging Radar SIR-A image digitized by a vidicon scanner. In the first experiment the study area is analyzed using the original and preprocessed SIR-A image data. The following thematic classes are obtained: (1) water, (2) dense savanna vegetation, (3) sparse savanna vegetation, (4) reforestation areas and (5) bare soil areas. In the second experiment, the SIR-A image was registered together with MSS-LANDSAT bands five, six, and seven. The same five classes mentioned above are obtained. These results are compared with those obtained using solely MSS-LANDSAT data. The spatial information as well as coregistered SIR-A and MSS-LANDSAT data can increase the separability between classes, as compared to the use of raw SIR-A data solely.

James Madison University Survey of Faculty Activities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

James Madison Univ., Harrisonburg, VA.

The activities of the faculty at James Madison University during the fall term of the academic year 1978-79 are described. Full-time instructional faculty, part-time faculty involved in resident instruction, administrators and classified employees who taught at least one course, and graduate teaching assistants were surveyed. Information was…

The Scientific Papers of the Honourable Henry Cavendish, F. R. S. 2 Volume Set

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cavendish, Henry; Clerk Maxwell, James; Thorpe, Edward, , Sir; Larmor, Joseph, , Sir

2011-02-01

Volume 1: Preface Sir Joseph Larmor; Introduction; First published paper on electricity, 1771; Preliminary propositions; Appendix; Thoughts concerning electricity; Account of the experiments; Second published paper on electricity, 1776; Experiments in 1771; Experiments in 1772; Experiments in 1773; Measurers; Experiments with the artificial torpedo; Resistance to electricity; Results of comparisons of charges; Results on resistance; Notes by the editor, 1879 James Clerk Maxwell; Life of Cavendish Thomas Young; Index to Cavendish Manuscripts. Volume 2: Introduction; Reprint of papers communicated by Cavendish to the Royal Society and published in the Philosophical Transactions; Unpublished papers from the original manuscripts in the possession of the Duke of Devonshire, K. G., LL. D., F. R. S.; Cavendish's mathematical and dynamical manuscripts Sir Joseph Larmor; Cavendish as a geologist Sir Archibald Geikie; Cavendish's astronomical manuscripts Sir Frank W. Dyson; Cavendish's magnetic work Charles Chree; Index.

The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clerk Maxwell, James; Niven, W. D.

2011-01-01

27. On the viscosity or internal friction of air and other gases; 28. On the dynamical theory of gases; 29. On the theory of the maintenance of electric currents by mechanical work without the use of permanent magnets; 30. On the equilibrium of a spherical envelope; 31. On the best arrangement for producing a pure spectrum on a screen; 32. The construction of stereograms of surfaces; 33. On reciprocal diagrams in space and their relation to Airy's function of stress; 34. On governors; 35. Experiment in magneto-electric induction; 36. On a method of making a direct comparison of electrostatic with electromagnetic force; 37. On the cyclide; 38. On a bow seen on the surface of ice; 39. On reciprocal figures, frames, and diagrams of forces; 40. On the displacement in a case of fluid motion; 41. Address to the mathematical and physical sections of the British Association, 1870; 42. On colour-vision at different points of the retina; 43. On hills and dales; 44. Introductory lecture on experimental physics; 45. On the solution of electrical problems by the transformation of conjugate functions; 46. On the mathematical classification of physical quantities; 47. On colour vision; 48. On the geometrical mean distance of two figures on a plane; 49. On the induction of electric currents in an infinite plane sheet of uniform conductivity; 50. On the condition that, in the transformation of any figure by curvilinear co-ordinates in three dimensions, every angle in the new figure shall be equal to the corresponding angle in the original figure; 51. Reprint of Papers on electrostatics and magnetism. By Sir W. Thomson. (Review); 52. On the proof of the equations of motion of a connected system; 53. On a problem in the calculus of variations in which the solution is discontinuous; 54. On action at a distance; 55. Elements of natural philosophy. By Sir W. Thomson and P. G. Tait. (Review); 56. On the theory of a system of electrified conductors, and other physical theories involving

James Galway: Music as a Way of Life.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spaeth, Jeanne

1999-01-01

Presents an interview with the flutist, James Galway, in which he discusses issues such as the musical culture of Ireland, his technical mastery as a musician, and the importance of music education in the lives of young people. (CMK)

A tribute to Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858-1937).

PubMed

Mukherjee, Dulal C; Sen, Dibakar

2007-01-01

First, we provide a brief description of the life of Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858-1937), his contemporaries, and some of his achievements. He is known for demonstrating the World's first wireless communication link at a wavelength of 5 mm. Then, we describe his contribution to photosynthesis research, as published in one of the earliest books on photosynthesis-a 1924 book entitled "Physiology of Photosynthesis." His pioneering work on photosynthesis preceded much of the future work in this area. In particular, we emphasize his work on Hydrilla that was a precursor to C-4 photosynthesis.

Scavengers of reactive γ-ketoaldehydes extend Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan and healthspan through protein-level interactions with SIR-2.1 and ETS-7

PubMed Central

Nguyen, Thuy T.; Caito, Samuel W.; Zackert, William E.; West, James D.; Zhu, Shijun

2016-01-01

Isoketals (IsoKs) are highly reactive γ-ketoaldehyde products of lipid peroxidation that covalently adduct lysine side chains in proteins, impairing their function. Using C. elegans as a model organism, we sought to test the hypothesis that IsoKs contribute to molecular aging through adduction and inactivation of specific protein targets, and that this process can be abrogated using salicylamine (SA), a selective IsoK scavenger. Treatment with SA extends adult nematode longevity by nearly 56% and prevents multiple deleterious age-related biochemical and functional changes. Testing of a variety of molecular targets for SA's action revealed the sirtuin SIR-2.1 as the leading candidate. When SA was administered to a SIR-2.1 knockout strain, the effects on lifespan and healthspan extension were abolished. The SIR-2.1-dependent effects of SA were not mediated by large changes in gene expression programs or by significant changes in mitochondrial function. However, expression array analysis did show SA-dependent regulation of the transcription factor ets-7 and associated genes. In ets-7 knockout worms, SA's longevity effects were abolished, similar to sir-2.1 knockouts. However, SA dose-dependently increases ets-7 mRNA levels in non-functional SIR-2.1 mutant, suggesting that both are necessary for SA's complete lifespan and healthspan extension. PMID:27514077

The tumor suppressor SirT2 regulates cell cycle progression and genome stability by modulating the mitotic deposition of H4K20 methylation

PubMed Central

Serrano, Lourdes; Martínez-Redondo, Paloma; Marazuela-Duque, Anna; Vazquez, Berta N.; Dooley, Scott J.; Voigt, Philipp; Beck, David B.; Kane-Goldsmith, Noriko; Tong, Qiang; Rabanal, Rosa M.; Fondevila, Dolors; Muñoz, Purificación; Krüger, Marcus; Tischfield, Jay A.; Vaquero, Alejandro

2013-01-01

The establishment of the epigenetic mark H4K20me1 (monomethylation of H4K20) by PR-Set7 during G2/M directly impacts S-phase progression and genome stability. However, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of this event are not well understood. Here we show that SirT2 regulates H4K20me1 deposition through the deacetylation of H4K16Ac (acetylation of H4K16) and determines the levels of H4K20me2/3 throughout the cell cycle. SirT2 binds and deacetylates PR-Set7 at K90, modulating its chromatin localization. Consistently, SirT2 depletion significantly reduces PR-Set7 chromatin levels, alters the size and number of PR-Set7 foci, and decreases the overall mitotic deposition of H4K20me1. Upon stress, the interaction between SirT2 and PR-Set7 increases along with the H4K20me1 levels, suggesting a novel mitotic checkpoint mechanism. SirT2 loss in mice induces significant defects associated with defective H4K20me1–3 levels. Accordingly, SirT2-deficient animals exhibit genomic instability and chromosomal aberrations and are prone to tumorigenesis. Our studies suggest that the dynamic cross-talk between the environment and the genome during mitosis determines the fate of the subsequent cell cycle. PMID:23468428

The optimal dynamic immunization under a controlled heterogeneous node-based SIRS model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Lu-Xing; Draief, Moez; Yang, Xiaofan

2016-05-01

Dynamic immunizations, under which the state of the propagation network of electronic viruses can be changed by adjusting the control measures, are regarded as an alternative to static immunizations. This paper addresses the optimal dynamical immunization under the widely accepted SIRS assumption. First, based on a controlled heterogeneous node-based SIRS model, an optimal control problem capturing the optimal dynamical immunization is formulated. Second, the existence of an optimal dynamical immunization scheme is shown, and the corresponding optimality system is derived. Next, some numerical examples are given to show that an optimal immunization strategy can be worked out by numerically solving the optimality system, from which it is found that the network topology has a complex impact on the optimal immunization strategy. Finally, the difference between a payoff and the minimum payoff is estimated in terms of the deviation of the corresponding immunization strategy from the optimal immunization strategy. The proposed optimal immunization scheme is justified, because it can achieve a low level of infections at a low cost.

James Abbot McNeill Whistler: "At the Piano."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hallenberg, Heather

1987-01-01

"At the Piano," an oil-on-canvas painting completed in 1859 by James Abbot McNeill Whistler, is used as the basis of a lesson designed to help junior high school students analyze the painting's mood, subject matter, and composition. (JDH)

The man behind the DNA fingerprints: an interview with Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

In this interview we talk with Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys about DNA fingerprinting, his wider scientific career, and the past, present and future of forensic DNA applications. The podcast with excerpts from this interview is available at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/biome/alec-jeffreys. PMID:24245655

Contrasting effects of strong ties on SIR and SIS processes in temporal networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Kaiyuan; Baronchelli, Andrea; Perra, Nicola

2015-12-01

Most real networks are characterized by connectivity patterns that evolve in time following complex, non-Markovian, dynamics. Here we investigate the impact of this ubiquitous feature by studying the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) and Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) epidemic models on activity driven networks with and without memory (i.e., Markovian and non-Markovian). We find that memory inhibits the spreading process in SIR models by shifting the epidemic threshold to larger values and reducing the final fraction of recovered nodes. On the contrary, in SIS processes memory reduces the epidemic threshold and, for a wide range of disease parameters, increases the fraction of nodes affected by the disease in the endemic state. The heterogeneity in tie strengths, and the frequent repetition of strong ties it entails, allows in fact less virulent SIS-like diseases to survive in tightly connected local clusters that serve as reservoir for the virus. We validate this picture by studying both processes on two real temporal networks.

Mutations that Allow SIR2 Orthologs to Function in a NAD+-Depleted Environment.

PubMed

Ondracek, Caitlin R; Frappier, Vincent; Ringel, Alison E; Wolberger, Cynthia; Guarente, Leonard

2017-03-07

Sirtuin enzymes depend on NAD + to catalyze protein deacetylation. Therefore, the lowering of NAD + during aging leads to decreased sirtuin activity and may speed up aging processes in laboratory animals and humans. In this study, we used a genetic screen to identify two mutations in the catalytic domain of yeast Sir2 that allow the enzyme to function in an NAD + -depleted environment. These mutant enzymes give rise to a significant increase of yeast replicative lifespan and increase deacetylation by the Sir2 ortholog, SIRT1, in mammalian cells. Our data suggest that these mutations increase the stability of the conserved catalytic sirtuin domain, thereby increasing the catalytic efficiency of the mutant enzymes. Our approach to identifying sirtuin mutants that permit function in NAD + -limited environments may inform the design of small molecules that can maintain sirtuin activity in aging organisms. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

James Roy Barcus 1930-1988

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

colleagues; Brown, R. R.; Goldberg, R. A.; Rosenberg, T. J.; Patel, V. L.

James Roy Barcus, professor of physics at the University of Denver, Colo., died January 3, 1988, at his home in Denver after a long battle with lung cancer.Barcus was born in Kansas City, Mo., on September 30, 1930. He served in the U.S. Navy before enrolling as an undergraduate at the University of New Mexico, where he obtained his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees. His doctoral research was on extensive air showers of cosmic radiation, under J. R. Green.

JAMES RIVER FACE WILDERNESS, VIRGINIA.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Brown, C. Ervin; Gazdik, Gertrude C.

1984-01-01

A mineral survey concluded that the James River Face Wilderness, Virginia, had little promise for the occurrence of metallic mineral resources. Two major rock units in the area do contain large nonmetallic mineral resources of quartzite and shale that have been mined for silica products and for brick and expanded aggregate, respectively. Because large deposits of the same material are more easily available in nearby areas, demand for the deposits within the wilderness is highly unlikely. No energy resources were identified in the course of this study.

Storage stability of flour-blasted brown rice

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Brown rice was blasted with rice flour rather than sand in a sand blaster to make microscopic nicks and cuts so that water can easily penetrate into the brown rice endosperm and cook the rice in a shorter time. The flour-blasted American Basmati brown rice, long grain brown rice, and parboiled long...

Making James Joyce Contemporary: Recreating Classical Fiction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clay, Rebecca

2015-01-01

Can you make James Joyce's short story "Eveline" contemporary and create a modern short story based on Joyce's work? The purpose of this study was to provide a context to Joyce's short story "Eveline," illustrate the journey of my fiction writing, and expand the conversation on using classical fiction as a guide to modern short…

Bora Bora, Tahaa, and Raiatea, French Polynesia, Landsat and SIR-C Images Compared to SRTM Shaded

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

Bora Bora, Tahaa, and Raiatea (top to bottom) are Polynesian Islands about 220 kilometers (135 miles) west-northwest of Tahiti in the South Pacific. Each of the islands is surrounded by a coral reef and its associated islets ('motus') that enclose a lagoon. Actually, as seen here, Tahaa and Raiatea are close enough together to share a common lagoon and reef. These islands are volcanic in origin and were built up from the sea floor by lava extrusions millions of years ago. None is now active, and all are deeply eroded.

This display compares three differing 'views from space' of these islands. On the left, an image from the Landsat 7 satellite shows the islands as they might have appeared to an astronaut in orbit in 1999 (but a little sharper and with atmospheric haze suppressed). In the middle is an image created from data gathered by the third-generation Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-C), flown in 1994. On the right is a graphic illustrating elevation data gathered by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) in 2000.

Each of these images shows very different information as compared to the other two. Landsat sees clouds, which are almost always above these islands, blocking the view of the terrain. It also readily sees through shallow water down to the reefs. SIR-C sees the waves and other effects of winds upon the ocean surface. It does not look through water to see the reefs, but it clearly separates land and water. It also provides a bolder (but distorted) view of the islands' topographic patterns. With the ability of radar to see through clouds and provision of its own illumination, the SIR-C view is not limited by clouds nor their shadows.

SRTM was designed to provide new information that is missing in the Landsat and SIR-C views. Specifically, SRTM created the world's first near-global, detailed elevation model. Natural topographic shading in Landsat imagery and radar topographic shadowing of SIR-C give some evidence of the shape of the

7 CFR 29.2254 - Brown colors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Brown colors. 29.2254 Section 29.2254 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing... colors. A group of colors ranging from a reddish brown to yellowish brown. These colors vary from low to...

Introspecting in the Spirit of William James: Comment on Fox, Ericsson, and Best (2011)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schooler, Jonathan W.

2011-01-01

Fox, Ericsson, and Best's (2011) thoughtful justification of the use of think-aloud protocols for revealing the stream of consciousness comes on the centennial of the death of William James, history's greatest practitioner and advocate of introspection. This confluence naturally invites speculation about how James might have responded to the…

Quality of water in James Creek, Monroe County, Mississippi

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bednar, G.A.

1981-01-01

A short-term quality-of-water study of James Creek near Aberdeen , Mississippi was conducted on November 14-16, 1978, during a period of low streamflow. During the study, the water in the 2.6-mile stream reach was undesireable for many uses. Wastewater inflow immediately upstream of the study area contributed to the dissolved-solids load in James Creek. The specific conductance of the water ranged from 775 to 890 micromhos at the head of the study reach and from 650 to 750 micromhos at the end of the study reach. A substantial biochemical oxygen-demand was evident in James Creek. Five-day biochemical oxygen demand values downstream of a sewage disposal pond outfall ranged from 8.3 to 11 milligrams per liter and dissolved-oxygen concentrations ranged from 0.4 to 4.5 milligrams per liter. Nitrogen and phosphorus compounds and fecal bacteria densities were highest downstream. Total ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the water leaving the study area ranged from 0.29 to 1.4 milligrams per liter and from 0.65 to 1.7 milligrams per liter, respectively. Fecal coliform densities exceeding 50,000 colonies per 100 milliliters of sample were observed in the study area. The median fecal coliform density of the water leaving the study area was 2,800 colonies per 100 milliliters. (USGS)

21 CFR 184.1120 - Brown algae.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Brown algae. 184.1120 Section 184.1120 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) DIRECT FOOD....1120 Brown algae. (a) Brown algae are seaweeds of the species Analipus japonicus, Eisenia bicyclis...

Cultural Resources Survey of the Angelina Revetment Item, St. James Parish, Louisiana.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-10-22

Corps G) of Engineers O New Oreans Dist 0 N In CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY OF THE ANGELINA REVETMENT ITEM, ST. JAMES . PARISH, LOUISIANA. FINAL REPORT...PD-86/0 3 AF Go 4. TITLE (ad S-belde) S. TYPE OF REPORT & PENIOO COVERED Cultural Resources Survey of the Final Angelina Revetment Item, St. James...the Angelina Revetment Item, adjacent to the Mississippi River channel, during August and September, 1985. b-The area was settled during the Spanish

Vaccination strategies for SIR vector-transmitted diseases.

PubMed

Cruz-Pacheco, Gustavo; Esteva, Lourdes; Vargas, Cristobal

2014-08-01

Vector-borne diseases are one of the major public health problems in the world with the fastest spreading rate. Control measures have been focused on vector control, with poor results in most cases. Vaccines should help to reduce the diseases incidence, but vaccination strategies should also be defined. In this work, we propose a vector-transmitted SIR disease model with age-structured population subject to a vaccination program. We find an expression for the age-dependent basic reproductive number R(0), and we show that the disease-free equilibrium is locally stable for R(0) ≤ 1, and a unique endemic equilibrium exists for R(0) > 1. We apply the theoretical results to public data to evaluate vaccination strategies, immunization levels, and optimal age of vaccination for dengue disease.

Language as Sensuous Action: Sir Richard Paget, Kenneth Burke, and Gesture-Speech Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawhee, Debra

2006-01-01

This somatic genealogy of Dramatism's core terms--symbolic action, attitude, identification--argues for the importance of keeping rhetoric, rhetorical theory, and rhetorical pedagogy more closely tied to bodies that generate, induce, and respond to rhetoric. It does so by examining Burke's use of Sir Richard Paget's theory that spoken language…

78 FR 50458 - Entergy Nuclear Operations, Inc., James A. Fitzpatrick Nuclear Power Plant, Vermont Yankee...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-19

... Nuclear Operations, Inc., James A. Fitzpatrick Nuclear Power Plant, Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Station, Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, Request for Action AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Request... that the NRC take action with regard to James A. Fitzpatrick Nuclear Power Plant, Vermont Yankee...

Control of brown and beige fat development

PubMed Central

Wang, Wenshan; Seale, Patrick

2017-01-01

Brown and beige adipocytes expend chemical energy to produce heat and are therefore important in regulating body temperature and body weight. Brown adipocytes develop in discrete and relatively homogenous depots of brown adipose tissue, whereas beige adipocytes are induced to develop in white adipose tissue in response to certain stimuli — notably, exposure to cold. Fate-mapping analyses have identified progenitor populations that give rise to brown and beige fat cells and revealed unanticipated cell-lineage relationships between vascular smooth muscle and beige adipocytes, and between brown fat and skeletal muscle cells. Additionally, non-adipocyte cells in adipose tissue, including neurons, blood vessel-associated cells and immune cells play crucial roles in regulating the differentiation and function of brown and beige fat. PMID:27552974

Astronomy, the Australian School Curriculum, and the Role of the Sir Thomas Brisbane Planetarium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Axam, A.; Rigby, M.; Orchiston, W.

2006-08-01

The Sir Thomas Brisbane Planetarium is located in the Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mount Coot-tha, in the Brisbane suburb of Toowong, and features a Zeiss `Spacemaster RFP DP3' Planetarium projector; an observatory with a 15cm Zeiss coudé refracting telescope, a 20cm Meade LX90 Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope and a 44.4cm reflector; a mini-theatre; display galleries; and an outdoor garden area with a 4.6m diameter sundial. Since its opening in 1978, the Planetarium has played a key role in introducing astronomy to school students from throughout Australia. In this paper we summarize the Queensland primary school astronomy curriculum, and discuss ways in which the Sir Thomas Brisbane Planetarium has used tailored live planetarium programs, mini-theatre presentations, observing nights, in-house resource materials, displays and special lectures to enhance the astronomical understanding of Queensland primary school pupils and trainee teachers.

Enzymatic browning reactions in apple and apple products.

PubMed

Nicolas, J J; Richard-Forget, F C; Goupy, P M; Amiot, M J; Aubert, S Y

1994-01-01

This review examines the parameters of enzymatic browning in apple and apple products that is, phenolic compounds, polyphenoloxidases, and other factors (ascorbic acid and peroxidases), both qualitatively and quantitatively. Then the relationships between intensity of browning and the browning parameters are discussed, including a paragraph on the methods used for browning evaluation. Finally, the different methods for the control of browning are presented.

21 CFR 184.1120 - Brown algae.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Brown algae. 184.1120 Section 184.1120 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN... Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1120 Brown algae. (a) Brown algae are seaweeds of the species Analipus...

21 CFR 184.1120 - Brown algae.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Brown algae. 184.1120 Section 184.1120 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN... Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1120 Brown algae. (a) Brown algae are seaweeds of the species Analipus...

21 CFR 184.1120 - Brown algae.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Brown algae. 184.1120 Section 184.1120 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN... Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1120 Brown algae. (a) Brown algae are seaweeds of the species Analipus...

21 CFR 184.1120 - Brown algae.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2010-04-01 2009-04-01 true Brown algae. 184.1120 Section 184.1120 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN... Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1120 Brown algae. (a) Brown algae are seaweeds of the species Analipus...

Lonely Courage, Commemorative Confrontation, and Communal Therapy: William James Remembers the Massachusetts 54th

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stob, Paul

2012-01-01

On May 31, 1897, William James, one of America's most influential philosophers and psychologists, delivered the first civic oration of his career. The principal orator at the dedication of the Robert Gould Shaw memorial in Boston, James did what commemorative speakers are not supposed to do. He chose to be confrontational and divisive in a…

The Unevenly Distributed Nearest Brown Dwarfs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bihain, Gabriel; Scholz, Ralf-Dieter

2016-08-01

To address the questions of how many brown dwarfs there are in the Milky Way, how do these objects relate to star formation, and whether the brown dwarf formation rate was different in the past, the star-to-brown dwarf number ratio can be considered. While main sequence stars are well known components of the solar neighborhood, lower mass, substellar objects increasingly add to the census of the nearest objects. The sky projection of the known objects at <6.5 pc shows that stars present a uniform distribution and brown dwarfs a non-uniform distribution, with about four times more brown dwarfs behind than ahead of the Sun relative to the direction of rotation of the Galaxy. Assuming that substellar objects distribute uniformly, their observed configuration has a probability of 0.1 %. The helio- and geocentricity of the configuration suggests that it probably results from an observational bias, which if compensated for by future discoveries, would bring the star-to-brown dwarf ratio in agreement with the average ratio found in star forming regions.

1. Historic American Buildings Survey James Butters, Photographer. Mar, 28, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Historic American Buildings Survey James Butters, Photographer. Mar, 28, 1936. GENERAL FRONT VIEW (SOUTHWEST ELEVATION) - Marschalk Printing Office, Wall & Franklin Streets, Natchez, Adams County, MS

Depth Acuity Methodology for Electronic 3D Displays: eJames (eJ)

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-07-01

AFRL-RH-WP-TR-2016-0060 Depth Acuity Methodology for Electronic 3D Displays: eJames (eJ) Eric L. Heft, John McIntire...AND SUBTITLE Depth Acuity Methodology for Electronic 3D Displays: eJames (eJ) 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER FA8650-08-D-6801-0050 5b. GRANT NUMBER...of 3D electronic displays: one active-eyewear Stereo 3D (S3D) and two non-eyewear full parallax Field-of-Light Display (FoLD) systems. The two FoLD

Plasma Bacterial and Mitochondrial DNA Distinguish Bacterial Sepsis from Sterile SIRS and Quantify Inflammatory Tissue Injury in Nonhuman Primates

PubMed Central

Sursal, Tolga; Stearns-Kurosawa, Deborah J; Itagaki, Kiyoshi; Oh, Sun-Young; Sun, Shiqin; Kurosawa, Shinichiro; Hauser, Carl J

2012-01-01

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a fundamental host response common to bacterial infection and sterile tissue injury. SIRS can cause organ dysfunction and death but its mechanisms are incompletely understood. Moreover, SIRS can progress to organ failure or death despite being sterile or after control of the inciting infection. Biomarkers discriminating between sepsis, sterile SIRS and post-infective SIRS would therefore help direct care. Circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) reflecting cellular injury. Circulating bacterial 16S-DNA (bDNA) is a pathogen-associated pattern (PAMP) reflecting ongoing infection. We developed qPCR assays to quantify these markers and predicted their plasma levels might help distinguish sterile injury from infection. To study these events in primates we assayed banked serum from papio baboons that had undergone a brief challenge of intravenous Bacillus anthracis deltaSterne (modified to remove toxins) followed by antibiotics (anthrax) that causes organ failure and death. To investigate the progression of sepsis to “severe” sepsis and death we studied animals where anthrax was pretreated with drotrecogin alfa (aPC), which attenuates sepsis in baboons. We also contrasted lethal anthrax bacteremia against non-lethal E.coli bacteremia and against sterile tissue injury from Shiga-like toxin-1 (Stx1). bDNA and mtDNA levels in timed samples were correlated with blood culture results and assays of organ function. Sterile injury by Stx1 increased mtDNA but bDNA was undetectable: consistent with the absence of infection. The bacterial challenges caused parallel early bDNA and mtDNA increases, but bDNA detected pathogens even after bacteria were undetectable by culture. Sub-lethal E.coli challenge only caused transient rises in mtDNA consistent with a self-limited injury. In lethal anthrax challenge (n=4) bDNA increased transiently but mtDNA levels remained elevated until death

Astronaut James Newman with latch hook for tether device

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

Astronaut James H. Newman, mission specialist, shows off a latch hook for a tether device used during the STS-51 extravehicular activity (EVA) on September 16, 1993. Newman, on Discovery's middeck, appears surrounded by sleep restraints.

Sir John Lavery's The Dentist (Conrad Ackner and his Patient).

PubMed

McConkey, K

2011-01-22

The rise of the dental profession coinciding with the invention and rapid spread of photography means that there are very few paintings of dentists in action. The present article describes Sir John Lavery's unusual depiction of The Dentist (Conrad Ackner and his Patient) in which the conventions of contemporary society portraiture are set aside. The resulting canvas has much to tell us about the up-to-date equipment used in a surgery of the late twenties by a successful practitioner who pioneered the use of X-rays.

Swyer-James syndrome associated with Noonan syndrome: report of a case.

PubMed

Lin, Y M; Huang, W L; Hwang, J J; Ko, Y L; Lien, W P

1995-12-01

A 28-year-old man with Noonan syndrome associated with unilateral hyperlucent lung is reported. He had the typical craniofacial appearance and short stature of Noonan syndrome; he had mild mental retardation, atrophic testis, mild funnel chest and kyphosis. cardiovascular abnormalities included asymmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a significantly different caliber of the left and right pulmonary arteries. The unilateral hyperlucent lung was shown to result from acquired nondestructive emphysema caused by nonvalvular obstruction of the bronchi (Swyer-James syndrome or Macleod's syndrome). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of Noonan syndrome associated with Swyer-James syndrome.

2. Historic American Buildings Survey James Butters, Photographer April 8, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. Historic American Buildings Survey James Butters, Photographer April 8, 1936 GENERAL REAR VIEW (SOUTHWEST ELEVATION) - Hope Farm (Villa), Auburn Avenue & Homochitto Street, Natchez, Adams County, MS

Robert Green's "James IV:" Love, Power, and Justice.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hayashi, Tetsumaro

1984-01-01

How events of the late medieval period of Great Britain are depicted in Robert Greene's play, "The Scottish History of James the Fourth," is discussed. The play reflects the spirit of a time in which some began to claim that women were the intellectual equals of men. (RM)

The James Madison College Student Handbook, 1970-71.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. James Madison Coll.

James Madison College of Michigan State University provides a 4-year, residentially-based program devoted to the study of major social, economic, and political policy problems. It offers 5 fields of concentration: (1) Ethnic and Religious Intergroup Relations Policy Problems; (2) International Relations Policy Problems; (3) Justice, Morality and…

Trans-anethole ameliorates obesity via induction of browning in white adipocytes and activation of brown adipocytes.

PubMed

Kang, Nam Hyeon; Mukherjee, Sulagna; Min, Taesun; Kang, Sun Chul; Yun, Jong Won

2018-05-24

To treat obesity, suppression of white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion and activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) are considered as potential therapeutic targets. Recent advances have been made in the induction of brown fat-like adipocytes (beige) in WAT, which represents an attractive potential strategy for the management and treatment of obesity. Use of natural compounds for browning of white adipocytes can be considered as a safe and novel strategy against obesity. Here, we report that trans-anethole (TA), a flavoring substance present in the essential oils of various plants, alleviated high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice models via elevation of the expression of beige-specific genes such as Ppargc1α, Prdm16, Ucp1, Cd137, Cited1, Tbx1, and Trem26. TA also regulated lipid metabolism in white adipocytes via reduction of adipogenesis and lipogenesis as well as elevation of lipolysis and fat oxidation. Moreover, TA exhibited thermogenic activity by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis in white adipocytes and activating brown adipocytes. In addition, molecular docking analysis enabled us to successfully predict core proteins for fat browning such as β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) and sirtuin1 (SIRT1) based on their low binding energy interactions with TA for promotion of regulatory mechanisms. Indeed, agonistic and antagonistic studies demonstrated that TA induced browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes through activation of β3-AR as well as the AMPK-mediated SIRT1 pathway regulating PPARα and PGC-1α. In conclusion, TA possesses potential therapeutic implications for treatment of obesity by playing multiple modulatory roles in the induction of white fat browning, activation of brown adipocytes, and promotion of lipid catabolism. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

A comparison of pre ICU admission SIRS, EWS and q SOFA scores for predicting mortality and length of stay in ICU.

PubMed

Siddiqui, Shahla; Chua, Maureen; Kumaresh, Venkatesan; Choo, Robin

2017-10-01

The 2015 sepsis definitions suggest using the quick SOFA score for risk stratification of sepsis patients among other changes in sepsis definition. Our aim was to validate the q sofa score for diagnosing sepsis and comparing it to traditional scores of pre ICU admission sepsis outcome prediction such as EWS and SIRS in our setting in order to predict mortality and length of stay. This was a retrospective cohort study. We retrospectively calculated the q sofa, SIRS and EWS scores of all ICU patients admitted with the diagnosis of sepsis at our center in 2015. This was analysed using STATA 12. Logistic regression and ROC curves were used for analysis in addition to descriptive analysis. 58 patients were included in the study. Based on our one year results we have shown that although q SOFA is more sensitive in predicting LOS in ICU of sepsis patients, the EWS score is more sensitive and specific in predicting mortality in the ICU of such patients when compared to q SOFA and SIRS scores. In conclusion, we find that in our setting, EWS is better than SIRS and q SOFA for predicting mortality and perhaps length of stay as well. The q Sofa score remains validated for diagnosis of sepsis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Nephrology in A Medicinal Dictionary of Robert James (1703-1776).

PubMed

Bisaccia, Carmela; De Santo, Natale G; Cirillo, Massimo; Perna, Alessandra; De Santo, Rosalba; Richet, Gabriel

2011-01-01

Robert James was a member of the College of Physicians at Cambridge and a practitioner. He was considered one of the "three best known characters in London--perhaps in Europe. The other two being the lexycographer Samuel Johnson and the Shakespearean actor David Garrick." James became famous for his powerful ability to write and publish, which produced many books, including the ponderous A Medicinal Dictionary, With a History of Drugs, in 3 volumes in folio, published in London in the years 1743-1745, and dedicated to the famous professor and royal physician John Mead. The Dictionary was translated into French by Denis Diderot, François-Vincent Toussaint and Marc Antoine Eidous, and was revised by Juliene T. Busson, president of the University of Paris. During the translation, Diderot learned much biology and medicine, which he used subsequently in developing his Encyclopédie. Interesting chapters are devoted to urine, predictions from urine, bloody urine, good urine, bad urine, urine portending death, diabetes, dropsy, nephritis, stone, ischury, dysury and urine incontinence. In general their strength resides in their accurate clinical descriptions. The paragraphs on urine are concise and clinically sound, and the description of procedures for urine analysis and the utilization of results (quantity, quantity, colors, sediments and consistency) in diagnosis and prognosis of bloody urine is accurate. The section on diabetes is excellent and is comparable to that of Desault written decades later in the Encyclopédie of Diderot. In the chapter on dropsy (he does not use the word oedema), patients are well described and their remedies are appropriate for the time. The contributions of kidney and liver are clear. The plants for renal treatment can be traced to Dioscorides. Concerning dosage, he is precise and helpful to his readers. The chapter on stones is a real masterpiece, clinically well centered and giving all the pertinent information to localize them, their

8. Historic American Buildings Survey, James C. Massey, Photographer November, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Historic American Buildings Survey, James C. Massey, Photographer November, 1959 INTERIOR LOOKING TO REAR. - Provident Life & Trust Company Bank, 407-409 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

7. Historic American Buildings Survey James Butters, Photographer, April 14, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Historic American Buildings Survey James Butters, Photographer, April 14, 1936. FRONT VIEW OF SERVANTS HOME (WEST ELEVATION) - Auburn, Auburn Boulevard, Duncan Memorial Park, Natchez, Adams County, MS

3. Historic American Buildings Survey James Butters, Photographer April 8, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. Historic American Buildings Survey James Butters, Photographer April 8, 1936 FRONT VIEW REAR WING (NORTH ELEVATION) - Hope Farm (Villa), Auburn Avenue & Homochitto Street, Natchez, Adams County, MS

4. James L. Dillon and Company, Inc., photographer January, 1967 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. James L. Dillon and Company, Inc., photographer January, 1967 INTERESTING OVAL STAIRWELL, LOOKING STRAIGHT UP FROM SECOND FLOOR - 626 South Front Street (House), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

Thyroid hormones induce browning of white fat

PubMed Central

Martínez-Sánchez, Noelia; Moreno-Navarrete, José M; Contreras, Cristina; Rial-Pensado, Eva; Fernø, Johan; Nogueiras, Rubén; Diéguez, Carlos

2016-01-01

The canonical view about the effect of thyroid hormones (THs) on thermogenesis assumes that the hypothalamus acts merely as a modulator of the sympathetic outflow on brown adipose tissue (BAT). Recent data have challenged that vision by demonstrating that THs act on the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) to inhibit AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which regulates the thermogenic program in BAT, leading to increased thermogenesis and weight loss. Current data have shown that in addition to activation of brown fat, the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) might also be an important thermogenic mechanism. However, the possible central effects of THs on the browning of white fat remain unclear. Here, we show that 3,3′,5,5′ tetraiodothyroxyne (T4)-induced hyperthyroidism promotes a marked browning of WAT. Of note, central or VMH-specific administration of 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine (T3) recapitulates that effect. The specific genetic activation of hypothalamic AMPK in the VMH reversed the central effect of T3 on browning. Finally, we also showed that the expression of browning genes in human WAT correlates with serum T4. Overall, these data indicate that THs induce browning of WAT and that this mechanism is mediated via the central effects of THs on energy balance. PMID:27913573

Thyroid hormones induce browning of white fat.

PubMed

Martínez-Sánchez, Noelia; Moreno-Navarrete, José M; Contreras, Cristina; Rial-Pensado, Eva; Fernø, Johan; Nogueiras, Rubén; Diéguez, Carlos; Fernández-Real, José-Manuel; López, Miguel

2017-02-01

The canonical view about the effect of thyroid hormones (THs) on thermogenesis assumes that the hypothalamus acts merely as a modulator of the sympathetic outflow on brown adipose tissue (BAT). Recent data have challenged that vision by demonstrating that THs act on the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) to inhibit AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which regulates the thermogenic program in BAT, leading to increased thermogenesis and weight loss. Current data have shown that in addition to activation of brown fat, the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) might also be an important thermogenic mechanism. However, the possible central effects of THs on the browning of white fat remain unclear. Here, we show that 3,3',5,5' tetraiodothyroxyne (T 4 )-induced hyperthyroidism promotes a marked browning of WAT. Of note, central or VMH-specific administration of 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T 3 ) recapitulates that effect. The specific genetic activation of hypothalamic AMPK in the VMH reversed the central effect of T 3 on browning. Finally, we also showed that the expression of browning genes in human WAT correlates with serum T 4 Overall, these data indicate that THs induce browning of WAT and that this mechanism is mediated via the central effects of THs on energy balance. © 2017 The authors.

Religious Studies: The Shaping of a Field and a Guide to Reference Resources.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lippy, Charles H.

1992-01-01

Discusses the development of religious studies as an academic discipline. Examines the work of leading thinkers in the field, including anthropologists Sir James Fraser and Edward Burnett Taylor, sociologist Max Weber, and psychologist Erik Erikson. Identifies some of the many reference works that deal with religious studies. (SG)

Die Another Day, James Bond's smoking over six decades.

PubMed

Wilson, Nick; Tucker, Anne

2016-09-01

We aimed to examine smoking-related content in all 24 James Bond movies in the Eon Productions series from 1962 to 2015. There were favourable downward trends for any smoking by James Bond (p=0.015 for trend), and for tobacco-related spy-gadgetry (p=0.009). Around 20% of Bond's 60 sexual partners smoked in each decade, and most recently in 2012. There were regular mentions of smoking risks to health (starting from 1967) and product placement of branded packs was present in two movies. Overall, the persisting smoking content remains problematic from a public health perspective, especially given the popularity of this movie series. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

[Sir Francis Galton: the father of eugenics].

PubMed

Aubert-Marson, Dominique

2009-01-01

Not only was Sir Francis Galton a famous geographer and statistician, he also invented "eugenics" in 1883. Eugenics, defined as the science of improving racial stock, was developed from a new heredity theory, conceived by Galton himself, and from the evolution theory of Charles Darwin, transposed to human society by Herbert Spencer. Galton's eugenics was a program to artificially produce a better human race through regulating marriage and thus procreation. Galton put particular emphasis on "positive eugenics", aimed at encouraging the physically and mentally superior members of the population to choose partners with similar traits. In 1904, he presented his ideas in front of a vast audience of physicians and scientists in London. His widely-publicized lecture served as the starting point for the development of eugenics groups in Europe and the United States during the first half of the 20th century.

9. Historic American Buildings Survey, James C. Massey, Photographer November, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Historic American Buildings Survey, James C. Massey, Photographer November, 1959 DETAIL OF EXPOSED ROOF TRUSS. - Provident Life & Trust Company Bank, 407-409 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

7. Historic American Buildings Survey, James C. Massey, Photographer November, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Historic American Buildings Survey, James C. Massey, Photographer November, 1959 REAR FACADE ON RANSTEAD STREET. - Provident Life & Trust Company Bank, 407-409 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Town Hall - Panel question and

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-11-02

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Town Hall - Panel question and answer - Bill Ochs; Dr. John Mather; Dr. Eric Smith; Thomas Zurbuchen; Center Director Chris Scolese; NASA Administrator Charlie Bolden.

James Madison's "Public" As Interpreter of the Constitution.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dewey, Donald O.

James Madison's thoughts on various interpretations of the Constitution maintain that public opinion is the ultimate method of legitimizing the document. The Constitution must prevail against mere public opinion, but public opinion may be used to establish the meaning of the Constitution when conflicting interpretations exist. The public good and…

Nicotinamide supplementation phenocopies SIR2 inactivation by modulating carbon metabolism and respiration during yeast chronological aging.

PubMed

Orlandi, Ivan; Pellegrino Coppola, Damiano; Strippoli, Maurizio; Ronzulli, Rossella; Vai, Marina

2017-01-01

Nicotinamide (NAM), a form of vitamin B 3 , is a byproduct and noncompetitive inhibitor of the deacetylation reaction catalyzed by Sirtuins. These represent a family of evolutionarily conserved NAD + -dependent deacetylases that are well-known critical regulators of metabolism and aging and whose founding member is Sir2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we investigated the effects of NAM supplementation in the context of yeast chronological aging, the established model for studying aging of postmitotic quiescent mammalian cells. Our data show that NAM supplementation at the diauxic shift results in a phenocopy of chronologically aging sir2Δ cells. In fact, NAM-supplemented cells display the same chronological lifespan extension both in expired medium and extreme Calorie Restriction. Furthermore, NAM allows the cells to push their metabolism toward the same outcomes of sir2Δ cells by elevating the level of the acetylated Pck1. Both these cells have the same metabolic changes that concern not only anabolic pathways such as an increased gluconeogenesis but also respiratory activity in terms both of respiratory rate and state of respiration. In particular, they have a higher respiratory reserve capacity and a lower non-phosphorylating respiration that in concert with a low burden of superoxide anions can affect positively chronological aging. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Brown dwarfs in young stellar clusters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stringfellow, Guy S.

1991-01-01

The present calculations of the early evolution of brown dwarfs and very low mass stars (LMSs) yield isochrones spanning 0.01-0.2 solar masses for ages in the 1 to 300 million year range. Since the brown dwarfs remain sharply segregated in T(eff) from LMSs for ages of less than 100 million years, it follows that for coeval populations of known age, a domain exists in the H-R diagram in which only brown dwarfs exist. These theoretical results are compared with recent observations of the Pleiades brown dwarf candidates, using two new sets of color-T(eff) transformations. Both sets yield consistent interpretations.

10. Historic American Buildings Survey, James C. Massey, Photographer November, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. Historic American Buildings Survey, James C. Massey, Photographer November, 1959 DETAIL OF COLUMN CAPITAL, FRONT ALCOVE. - Provident Life & Trust Company Bank, 407-409 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

5. William Beardsley standing along canal section. Photographer James Dix ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. William Beardsley standing along canal section. Photographer James Dix Schuyler, 1903. Source: Schuyler report. - Waddell Dam, On Agua Fria River, 35 miles northwest of Phoenix, Phoenix, Maricopa County, AZ

View of the RMS end effector touching the SIR-B antenna during STS 41-G

NASA Image and Video Library

1984-10-05

41G-03-008 (5-13 Oct. 1984) --- The end effector of the space shuttle Challenger's remote manipulator system (RMS) taps against the shuttle imaging radar's (SIR-B) antenna to secure it during NASA's 41-G mission. Photo credit: NASA

James Webb Space Telescope Optical Telescope Element Mirror Development History and Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feinber, Lee D.; Clampin, Mark; Keski-Kuha, Ritva; Atkinson, Charlie; Texter, Scott; Bergeland, Mark; Gallagher, Benjamin B.

2012-01-01

In a little under a decade, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) program has designed, manufactured, assembled and tested 21 flight beryllium mirrors for the James Webb Space Telescope Optical Telescope Element. This paper will summarize the mirror development history starting with the selection of beryllium as the mirror material and ending with the final test results. It will provide an overview of the technological roadmap and schedules and the key challenges that were overcome. It will also provide a summary or the key tests that were performed and the results of these tests.

A Conversation with James E. Gilliam on Autism.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilliam, James E.; Smith, Burt Kruger

James E. Gilliam is the author of a book entitled "Autism," published in 1981 by Charles C. Thomas Company. This brochure records an interview with Mr. Gilliam conducted by Burt Smith and later converted to narrative form for publication by Charlene Warren. Adapted from a series of radio broadcasts entitled "The Human…

Looking Backward: James Madison University's General Education Reform.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reynolds, Charles W.; Allain, Violet Anselmini; Erwin, T. Dary; Halpern, Linda Cabe; McNallie, Robin; Ross, Martha K.

1998-01-01

Describes the new general education program at James Madison University (Virginia) and the process by which it was developed. Indicates that the program is organized by five broad areas of knowledge that are defined by interdisciplinary clusters of learning objectives, which in turn were developed using input from every academic department on…

James Williamson d/b/a Golden Triangle Builders Information Sheet

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

James Williamson d/b/a Golden Triangle Builders (the Company) is located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The settlement involves renovation activities conducted at property constructed prior to 1978, located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

6. Watchman Robert 'Jerry' Jones at Camp Dyer. Photographer James ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Watchman Robert 'Jerry' Jones at Camp Dyer. Photographer James Dix Schuyler, 1903. Source: Schuyler report. - Waddell Dam, On Agua Fria River, 35 miles northwest of Phoenix, Phoenix, Maricopa County, AZ

Sir Ronald A. Fisher and the International Biometric Society.

PubMed

Billard, Lynne

2014-06-01

The year 2012 marks the 50th anniversary of the death of Sir Ronald A. Fisher, one of the two Fathers of Statistics and a Founder of the International Biometric Society (the "Society"). To celebrate the extraordinary genius of Fisher and the far-sighted vision of Fisher and Chester Bliss in organizing and promoting the formation of the Society, this article looks at the origins and growth of the Society, some of the key players and events, and especially the roles played by Fisher himself as the First President. A fresh look at Fisher, the man rather than the scientific genius is also presented. © 2014, The International Biometric Society.

Nicotinamide riboside promotes Sir2 silencing and extends lifespan via Nrk and Urh1/Pnp1/Meu1 pathways to NAD+.

PubMed

Belenky, Peter; Racette, Frances G; Bogan, Katrina L; McClure, Julie M; Smith, Jeffrey S; Brenner, Charles

2007-05-04

Although NAD(+) biosynthesis is required for Sir2 functions and replicative lifespan in yeast, alterations in NAD(+) precursors have been reported to accelerate aging but not to extend lifespan. In eukaryotes, nicotinamide riboside is a newly discovered NAD(+) precursor that is converted to nicotinamide mononucleotide by specific nicotinamide riboside kinases, Nrk1 and Nrk2. In this study, we discovered that exogenous nicotinamide riboside promotes Sir2-dependent repression of recombination, improves gene silencing, and extends lifespan without calorie restriction. The mechanism of action of nicotinamide riboside is totally dependent on increased net NAD(+) synthesis through two pathways, the Nrk1 pathway and the Urh1/Pnp1/Meu1 pathway, which is Nrk1 independent. Additionally, the two nicotinamide riboside salvage pathways contribute to NAD(+) metabolism in the absence of nicotinamide-riboside supplementation. Thus, like calorie restriction in the mouse, nicotinamide riboside elevates NAD(+) and increases Sir2 function.

From movement to pain: a tribute to professor James P. Lund.

PubMed

Westberg, Karl-Gunnar; McFarland, David; Kolta, Arlette; Stohler, Christian; Feine, Jocelyne; Woda, Alain

2008-01-01

This tribute article to Professor James P. Lund stems from 6 of the presentations delivered at the July 1, 2008, symposium that honored 3 "giants" in orofacial neuroscience: B. J. Sessle, A. G. Hannam, and J. P. Lund. It was noted that soon after his training as a dentist in Australia, Jim Lund became interested in research. At the time he decided to do a PhD, there was a lot of discussion about how rhythmic movements were programmed. The early belief, based on Sherrington's studies of motor systems, was that these movements were simply an alternating series of reflexes. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, some still shared this belief, whereas others favored Graham Brown's hypothesis that repetitive movements were centrally programmed and did not depend on reflexes triggered by sensory inputs. There was no strong evidence then for either scenario except for the rhythmic movements of respiration. Lund's pioneering work during his PhD proved the existence of a central pattern generator (CPG) for mastication in the brainstem. Since then he has been interested in understanding how CPGs function and how sensory feedback works to adjust the motor patterns that they produce. Sections in this tribute article to Lund are written by some of his close collaborators and reflect the evolution of his work throughout the years. The first 4 presentations in this article (by K.-G. Westberg, D. McFarland, A. Kolta, and C. Stohler) highlight various aspects of these interests, and the final 2 presentations (by J. Feine and A. Woda) focus especially on clinical aspects of Lund's interests. The last section of this article is a final commentary from Professor Lund.

5. Historic American Buildings Survey James Rainey, Photographer May 10, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Historic American Buildings Survey James Rainey, Photographer May 10, 1936 GRINDING PLATFORM, VIEW OF INTERIOR LOOKING WEST - Old Town Mill, Mill Brook, near Mill Street, New London, New London County, CT

The James Webb Space Telescope Integrated Science Instrument Module

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greenhouse, Matthew A.; Sullivan, Pamela C.; Boyce, Leslye A.; Glazer, Stuart D.; Johnson, Eric L.; McCloskey, John C.; Voyton, Mark F.

2004-01-01

The Integrated Science Instrument Module of the James Webb Space Telescope is described from a systems perspective with emphasis on unique and advanced technology aspects. The major subsystems of this flight element are described including: structure, thermal, command and data handling, and software.

The King James Bible and the Politics of Religious Education: Secular State and Sacred Scripture

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gearon, Liam

2013-01-01

This article provides an outline historical-educational analysis of the King James Bible from its 1611 publication through to its four-hundredth anniversary commemoration in 2011. With particular focus on England, the article traces the educational impact of the King James Bible and charts, in the country of its origin, its progressive decline in…

"To Mediate Relevantly": A Response to James Simpson

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waters, Alan

2009-01-01

In Waters (2009), it was contended that, because of its ideological orientation, a good deal of applied linguistics for language teaching (ALLT) fails to "mediate relevantly" between academic and practitioner perspectives. James Simpson's rejoinder to my article (Simpson 2009) attempts to refute its claims. However, in my view, it fails to do so,…

Engineering new medicine: an interview with James Collins.

PubMed

Collins, James

2010-01-01

At first glance, the commonality among synthetic gene networks, nerve cell response times and the emergence of antibiotic resistance is obscure. Yet, when speaking with James (Jim) Collins, the relationship becomes clear: all are applications-oriented problems, and all inspire unique approaches from this unusual engineer who is empowered by his freedom to fail.

James Van Allen and His Namesake NASA Mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baker, D. N.; Hoxie, V. C.; Jaynes, A.; Kale, A.; Kanekal, S. G.; Li, X.; Reeves, G. D.; Spence, H. E.

2013-12-01

In many ways, James A. Van Allen defined and "invented" modern space research. His example showed the way for government-university partners to pursue basic research that also served important national and international goals. He was a tireless advocate for space exploration and for the role of space science in the spectrum of national priorities.

James Madison's Practical Ideals for the 1990s.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Delattre, Edwin J.

This paper examines recent behavior of public officials at various levels of government in the United States, finds a systemic failure to meet ethical standards, and concludes that the wisdom of James Madison has much applicability to current times. Given his keen perception of human nature, Madison would not be too surprised at today's poor…

6. Historic American Buildings Survey James Rainey, Photographer May 7, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Historic American Buildings Survey James Rainey, Photographer May 7, 1936 STAIRS FROM ROOM OF SECRETARY OF STATE SECOND FLOOR (Looking North) - Old State House, Main Street & Central Row, Hartford, Hartford County, CT

The James Webb Space Telescope

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gardner, Jonathan P.

2011-01-01

The James Webb Space Telescope is the scientific successor to the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes, and is currently the largest scientific project under construction in the United States. It will be a large (6.6m) cold (50K) telescope launched in about 5 years into orbit around the second Earth-Sun Lagrange point. It is a partnership of NASA with the European and Canadian Space Agencies. Science with the James Webb Space Telescope falls into four themes. The End of the Dark Ages: First Light and Reionization theme seeks to identify the first luminous sources to form and to determine the ionization history of the universe. The Assembly of Galaxies theme seeks to determine how galaxies and the dark matter, gas, stars, metals, morphological structures, and black holes within them evolved from the epoch of reionization to the present. The Birth of Stars and Proto planetary Systems theme seeks to unravel the birth and early evolution of stars, from infall onto dust-enshrouded protostars, to the genesis of planetary systems. The Planetary Systems and the Origins of Life theme seeks to determine the physical and chemical properties of planetary systems around nearby stars and of our own, and investigate the potential for life in those systems. Webb will have four instruments: The Near-Infrared Camera, the Near-Infrared multi-object Spectrograph, and the Tunable Filter Imager will cover the wavelength range 0.6 to 5 microns, while the Mid-Infrared Instrument will do both imaging and spectroscopy from 5 to 28.5 microns. I will conclude the talk with a description of recent technical progress in the construction of the observatory.

The James Webb Space Telescope

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gardner, Jonathan P.

2011-01-01

The James Webb Space Telescope is the scientific successor to the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes, and is currently the largest scientific project under construction in the United States. It will be a large (6.6m) cold (50K) telescope launched into orbit around the second Earth-Sun Lagrange point. It is a partnership of NASA with the European and Canadian Space Agencies. Science with the James Webb Space Telescope falls into four themes. The End of the Dark Ages: First Light and Reionization theme seeks to identify the first luminous sources to form and to determine the ionization history of the universe. The Assembly of Galaxies theme seeks to determine how galaxies and the dark matter, gas, stars, metals, morphological structures, and black holes within them evolved from the epoch of reionization to the present. The Birth of Stars and Protoplanetary Systems theme seeks to unravel the birth and early evolution of stars, from infall onto dust-enshrouded protostars, to the genesis of planetary systems. The Planetary Systems and the Origins of Life theme seeks to determine the physical and chemical properties of planetary systems around nearby stars and of our own, and investigate the potential for life in those systems. Webb will have four instruments: The Near-Infrared Camera, the Near-Infrared multi-object Spectrograph, and the Tunable Filter Imager will cover the wavelength range 0.6 to 5 microns, while the Mid-Infrared Instrument will do both imaging and spectroscopy from 5 to 28.5 microns. I will conclude the talk with a description of recent technical progress in the construction of the observatory.

The James Webb Space Telescope

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gardner, Jonathan P.

2011-01-01

The James Webb Space Telescope is the scientific successor to the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes, and is currently the largest scientific project under construction in the United States. It will be a large (6.6m) cold (50K) telescope launched in about 5 years into orbit around the second Earth-Sun Lagrange point. It is a partnership of NASA with the European and Canadian Space Agencies. Science with the James Webb Space Telescope falls into four themes. The End of the Dark Ages: First Light and Reionization theme seeks to identify the first luminous sources to form and to determine the ionization history of the universe. The Assembly of Galaxies theme seeks to determine how galaxies and the dark matter, gas, stars, metals, morphological structures, and black holes within them evolved from the epoch of reionization to the present. The Birth of Stars and Protoplanetary Systems theme seeks to unravel the birth and early evolution of stars, from infall onto dust-enshrouded protostars, to the genesis of planetary systems. The Planetary Systems and the Origins of Life theme seeks to determine the physical and chemical properties of planetary systems around nearby stars and of our own, and investigate the potential for life in those systems. Webb will have four instruments: The Near-Infrared Camera, the Near-Infrared multi-object Spectrograph, and the Tunable Filter Imager will cover the wavelength range 0.6 to 5 microns, while the Mid-Infrared Instrument will do both imaging and spectroscopy from 5 to 28.5 microns. I will conclude the talk with a description of recent technical progress in the construction of the observatory.

White Adipose Tissue Browning: A Double-edged Sword.

PubMed

Abdullahi, Abdikarim; Jeschke, Marc G

2016-08-01

The study of white adipose tissue (WAT) 'browning' has become a 'hot topic' in various acute and chronic metabolic conditions, based on the idea that WAT browning might be able to facilitate weight loss and improve metabolic health. However, this view cannot be translated into all areas of medicine. Recent studies identified effects of browning associated with adverse outcomes, and as more studies are being conducted, a very different picture has emerged about WAT browning and its detrimental effect in acute and chronic hypermetabolic conditions. Therefore, the notion that browning is supposedly beneficial may be inadequate. In this review we analyze how and why browning in chronic hypermetabolic associated diseases can be detrimental and lead to adverse outcomes. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Astronaut James Lovell hoisted from water by recovery helicopter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1965-01-01

Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., pilot of the Gemini 7 space flight, is hoisted from the water by a recovery helicopter from the Aircraft Carrier U.S.S. Wasp. Astronaut Frank Borman, command pilot, waits in the raft to be hoisted aboard the helicopter.

Astronaut James Newman with latch hook for tether device

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-09-19

STS051-26-002 (12-22 Sept 1993) --- Astronaut James H. Newman, mission specialist, shows off a latch hook for a tether device used during the STS-51 extravehicular activity (EVA) on September 16, 1993. Newman, on Discovery's middeck, appears surrounded by sleep restraints.

Inhibition of browning in foodstuffs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rosenthal, N. A.

1969-01-01

Addition of water-soluble sulfur-containing compounds, thio compounds or potential thio compounds, to a mixture of carbohydrates, and either proteins, peptides, or amino acids can retard or completely eliminate the browning process. Determining factor is dependent upon the concentration of the anti-browning agent in the aqueous media.

40 CFR 721.10532 - Tar, brown coal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Tar, brown coal. 721.10532 Section 721... Tar, brown coal. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified as tar, brown coal (PMN P-12-167, CAS No. 101316-83-0) is subject to...

40 CFR 721.10532 - Tar, brown coal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Tar, brown coal. 721.10532 Section 721... Tar, brown coal. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified as tar, brown coal (PMN P-12-167, CAS No. 101316-83-0) is subject to...

Influence of selected factors on browning of Camembert cheese.

PubMed

Carreira, Alexandra; Dillinger, Klaus; Eliskases-Lechner, Frieda; Loureiro, Virgílio; Ginzinger, Wolfgang; Rohm, Harald

2002-05-01

Experimental Camembert cheeses were made to investigate the effects on browning of the following factors: inoculation with Yarrowia lipolytica, the use of Penicillium candidum strains with different proteolytic activity, the addition of tyrosine, and the addition of Mn2+ thus leading to 16 different variants of cheese. Two physical colour parameters were used to describe browning, depending on the location in the cheeses: a whiteness index for the outside browning (mould mycelium), and a brownness index for the inside browning (surface of the cheese body). Mn2+ promoted a significant increase of browning at both locations, whereas Yar. lipolytica had the opposite effect. Outside browning was significantly more intense when using the Pen. candidum strain with higher proteolytic activity. A significant interaction was found between Yar. lipolytica and Pen. candidum. The yeast had no effect in combination with a low proteolytic strain of Pen. candidum, but significantly reduced proteolysis and browning in combination with a high proteolytic strain of Pen. candidum. We further confirmed that both strains of Pen. candidum were able to produce brown pigments from tyrosine and thus both are presumably responsible for the browning activity in this type of cheese.

Picking up Galen: James Joyce in Cecilia Street.

PubMed

Lyons, J B

1997-07-01

James Joyce (1882-1941) registered as a student of the Catholic University Medical School, Cecilia Street, in 1902. His attendance in November was brief; by early December, Joyce was in Paris. A recently-acquired Guide for Medical Students, a booklet compiled by Ambrose Birmingham, dean of the Cecilia Street school, sheds light on this hitherto obscure episode.

James Madison High: A School at the Crossroads

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stroup, John T.; Salmonowicz, Michael J.; Broom, Christopher C.

2007-01-01

This case tells the story of James Madison High School, which became the epicenter of a debate over the future reorganization and control of large secondary schools in the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD). The LAUSD, recently taken over by the newly elected mayor, was fighting for control of this 3,000-student high school with a charter…

The James Webb Space Telescope

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mather, John C.

2003-01-01

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will extend the discoveries of the Hubble Space Telescope by deploying a large cooled infrared telescope at the Sun-Earth Lagrange point L2. With a 6 m aperture and three instruments covering the wavelength range from 0.6 to 28 pm, it will provide sensitivities orders of magnitude better than any other facilities. It is intended to observe the light from the first galaxies and the first supernovae, the assembly of galaxies, and the formation and evolution of stars and planetary systems. In this talk I will review the scientific objectives, the hardware concepts and technology, and the predicted system performance.

The James Webb Space Telscope

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mather, John C.

2003-01-01

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will extend the discoveries of the Hubble Space Telescope by deploying a large cooled infrared telescope at the Sun-Earth Lagrange point L2. With a 6 m aperture and three instruments covering the wavelength range from 0.6 to 28 microns, it will provide sensitivities orders of magnitude better than any other facilities. It is intended to observe the light from the first galaxies and the first supernovae, the assembly of galaxies, and the formation and evolution of stars and planetary systems. In this talk I will review the scientific objectives, the hardware concepts and technology, and the predicted system performance.

Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and serum lactate dehydrogenase in the diagnosis of bacterial sepsis, SIRS and systemic candidiasis.

PubMed

Miglietta, Fabio; Faneschi, Maria Letizia; Lobreglio, Giambattista; Palumbo, Claudio; Rizzo, Adriana; Cucurachi, Marco; Portaccio, Gerolamo; Guerra, Francesco; Pizzolante, Maria

2015-09-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), platelet count (PLT) and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as early markers for diagnosis of SIRS, bacterial sepsis and systemic candidiasis in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Based on blood culture results, the patients were divided into a sepsis group (70 patients), a SIRS group (42 patients) and a systemic candidiasis group (33 patients). PCT, CRP, LDH and PLT levels were measured on day 0 and on day 2 from the sepsis symptom onset. PCT levels were higher in Gram negative sepsis than those in Gram positive sepsis, although the P value between the two subgroups is not significant (P=0.095). Bacterial sepsis group had higher PCT and CRP levels compared with the systemic candidiasis group, whereas PLT and LDH levels showed similar levels in these two subgroups. The AUC for PCT (AUC: 0.892, P <0.001) was larger than for CRP (AUC: 0.738, P <0.001). The best cut-off values for PCT and CRP were 0.99 ng/mL and 76.2 mg/L, respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for PCT were 84.3% and 81.8% whereas CRP showed a sensitivity of 77.2% and a specificity of 63.6%. However, PCT was unable to discriminate between SIRS and systemic candidiasis groups (P=0.093 N.S.). In conclusion, PCT can be used as a preliminary marker in the event of clinical suspicion of systemic candidiasis; however, low PCT levels (<0.99 ng/mL) necessarily require the use of other specific markers of candidaemia to confirm the diagnosis, due to great uniformity of PCT levels in systemic candidiasis and SIRS groups.

77 FR 27118 - Safety Zone; Rocketts Red Glare Fireworks, Ancarrows Landing Park, James River, Richmond, VA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-09

... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Coast Guard 33 CFR Part 165 [Docket No. USCG-2012-0114] RIN 1625-AA00 Safety Zone; Rocketts Red Glare Fireworks, Ancarrows Landing Park, James River, Richmond, VA... Glare Fireworks, Ancarrows Landing Park, James River, Richmond, VA in the Federal Register (76 FR 13525...

"Brown" and Black-White Achievement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Armor, David J.

2006-01-01

"Brown v. Board of Education" only presumed to eliminate the "de jure" apartheid that existed in 1954. It was never intended to resolve the "de facto" gap in minority achievement that still faces education policymakers today. Sociologist David J. Armor goes beyond "Brown" to identify a set of definite risk…

Determination of the Geographical Origin of All Commercial Hake Species by Stable Isotope Ratio (SIR) Analysis.

PubMed

Carrera, Mónica; Gallardo, José M

2017-02-08

The determination of the geographical origin of food products is relevant to comply with the legal regulations of traceability, to avoid food fraud, and to guarantee food quality and safety to the consumers. For these reasons, stable isotope ratio (SIR) analysis using an isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) instrument is one of the most useful techniques for evaluating food traceability and authenticity. The present study was aimed to determine, for the first time, the geographical origin for all commercial fish species belonging to the Merlucciidae family using SIR analysis of carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N). The specific results enabled their clear classification according to the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) fishing areas, latitude, and geographical origin in the following six different clusters: European, North African, South African, North American, South American, and Australian hake species.

The threshold of a stochastic delayed SIR epidemic model with temporary immunity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Qun; Chen, Qingmei; Jiang, Daqing

2016-05-01

This paper is concerned with the asymptotic properties of a stochastic delayed SIR epidemic model with temporary immunity. Sufficient conditions for extinction and persistence in the mean of the epidemic are established. The threshold between persistence in the mean and extinction of the epidemic is obtained. Compared with the corresponding deterministic model, the threshold affected by the white noise is smaller than the basic reproduction number R0 of the deterministic system.

Sir Winston Churchill: treatment for pneumonia in 1943 and 1944.

PubMed

Vale, J A; Scadding, J W

2017-12-01

This paper reviews Churchill's illnesses in February 1943 and August/September 1944 when he developed pneumonia; on the first occasion this followed a cold and sore throat. Churchill was managed at home by Sir Charles Wilson (later Lord Moran) with the assistance of two nurses and the expert advice of Dr Geoffrey Marshall, Brigadier Lionel Whitby and Colonel Robert Drew. A sulphonamide (sulphathiazole on the first occasion) was prescribed for both illnesses. Churchill recovered, and despite his illnesses continued to direct the affairs of State from his bed. On the second occasion, Churchill's illness was not made public.

Wilder Penfield, Sir Arthur Currie, and the Montreal Neurological Institute.

PubMed

Sadler, R Mark

2018-03-01

Wilder Penfield and the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) are inextricably linked. It was Penfield's unique idea to create a building with an academic atmosphere wherein basic neuroscience and clinical care of neurological patients would benefit from interaction and mutual support. It is clear that without Penfield that there would be no MNI; however, the role of another Canadian icon, Sir Arthur Currie, in the development of the MNI has heretofore been barely mentioned. The thesis of this paper is that Currie had a critical role in the gestation of the MNI that has generally been ignored.

President Nixon at Hickam AFB congratulates Astronaut James Lovell

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1970-01-01

President Richard M. Nixon and Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., Apollo 13 commander, shake hands at special ceremonies at Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii. President Nixon was in Hawaii to present the Apollo 13 crew with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor.

Brown adipogenesis of mouse embryonic stem cells in alginate microstrands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Unser, Andrea Mannarino

The ability of brown adipocytes (fat cells) to dissipate energy as heat shows great promise for the treatment of obesity and other metabolic disorders. Employing pluripotent stem cells, with an emphasis on directed differentiation, may overcome many issues currently associated with primary fat cell cultures. However, brown adipocytes are difficult to transplant in vivo due to the instability of fat, in terms of necrosis and neovascularization, once injected. Thus, 3D cell culture systems that have the potential to mimic adipogenic microenvironments are needed, not only to advance brown fat implantation, but also to better understand the role of brown adipocytes in treating obesity. To address this need, we created 3D "Brown-Fat-in-Microstrands" by microfluidic synthesis of alginate hydrogel microstrands that encapsulated cells and directly induced cell differentiation into brown adipocytes, using mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as a model of pluripotent stem cells and brown preadipocytes as a positive control. The effect of hydrogel formation parameters on brown adipogenesis was studied, leading to the establishment of "Brown-Fat-in-Microstrands". Brown adipocyte differentiation within microstrands was confirmed by lipid droplet accumulation, immunocytochemistry and qPCR analysis of gene expression of brown adipocyte marker uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in addition to adipocyte marker expression. Compared to a 2D approach, 3D differentiated "Brown-Fat-in-Microstrands" exhibited higher level of brown adipocyte marker expression. The functional analysis of "Brown-Fat-in-Microstrands" was attempted by measuring the mitochondrial activity of ESC-differentiated brown adipocytes in 3D using Seahorse XF24 3 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. The ability to create "Brown-Fat-in-Microstrands" from pluripotent stem cells opens up a new arena to understanding brown adipogenesis and its implications in obesity and metabolic disorders.

Sir William Herschel's notebooks - Abstracts of solar observations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoyt, Douglas V.; Schatten, Kenneth H.

1992-01-01

An introduction to the background of Sir William Herschel's notebooks and the historical context within which his observations were made are provided. The observations have relevance in reconstructing solar behavior, as discussed in a separate analysis paper by Hoyt and Schatten (1992), and in understanding active features on the sun such as faculae. The text of Herschel's notebooks with modern terms used throughout forms the body of this paper. The complete text has not previously been published and is not easily accessible to scholars. Herschel used different words for solar features than are used today, and thus, for clarity, his terminology is changed on two occasions. A glossary explains the terminology changed. In the text of the notebooks, several contemporaries are mentioned; a brief description of Herschel's colleagues is provided.

STS-69 Mission Specialist James H. Newman in white room

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

At Launch Pad 39A, STS-69 Mission Specialist James H. Newman chats with white room closeout crew members Rene Arriens (far left), Travis Thompson and Bob Saulnier (right) prior to entering the Space Shuttle Endeavour.

DDE in brown and white fat of hibernating bats

USGS Publications Warehouse

Clark, D.R.; Krynitsky, A.J.

1983-01-01

Samples of brown and white fat from hibernating bats (big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus; little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus; and eastern pipistrelle, Pipistrellus subflavus) collected in western Maryland, USA, were analysed to determine lipid and DDE content. Amounts of brown fat, expressed as percentages of total bat weight, were the same for all three species. Lipid content of brown fat was significantly less than that of white fat. Lipids of brown fat contained significantly higher (28%) concentrations of DDE than did lipids of white fat. In our mixed-species sample of 14 bats, concentrations of DDE increased exponentially in both brown and white fat as white fat reserves declined. Brown fat facilitates arousal from hibernation by producing heat through rapid metabolism of triglycerides. The question is raised whether organochlorine residues, such as DDE, may be concentrated and then liberated in lethal amounts by the processes of hibernation and arousal.

Deteriorated Stress Response in Stationary-Phase Yeast: Sir2 and Yap1 Are Essential for Hsf1 Activation by Heat Shock and Oxidative Stress, Respectively

PubMed Central

Cohen, Aviv; Bar-Nun, Shoshana

2014-01-01

Stationary-phase cultures have been used as an important model of aging, a complex process involving multiple pathways and signaling networks. However, the molecular processes underlying stress response of non-dividing cells are poorly understood, although deteriorated stress response is one of the hallmarks of aging. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a valuable model organism to study the genetics of aging, because yeast ages within days and are amenable to genetic manipulations. As a unicellular organism, yeast has evolved robust systems to respond to environmental challenges. This response is orchestrated largely by the conserved transcription factor Hsf1, which in S. cerevisiae regulates expression of multiple genes in response to diverse stresses. Here we demonstrate that Hsf1 response to heat shock and oxidative stress deteriorates during yeast transition from exponential growth to stationary-phase, whereas Hsf1 activation by glucose starvation is maintained. Overexpressing Hsf1 does not significantly improve heat shock response, indicating that Hsf1 dwindling is not the major cause for Hsf1 attenuated response in stationary-phase yeast. Rather, factors that participate in Hsf1 activation appear to be compromised. We uncover two factors, Yap1 and Sir2, which discretely function in Hsf1 activation by oxidative stress and heat shock. In Δyap1 mutant, Hsf1 does not respond to oxidative stress, while in Δsir2 mutant, Hsf1 does not respond to heat shock. Moreover, excess Sir2 mimics the heat shock response. This role of the NAD+-dependent Sir2 is supported by our finding that supplementing NAD+ precursors improves Hsf1 heat shock response in stationary-phase yeast, especially when combined with expression of excess Sir2. Finally, the combination of excess Hsf1, excess Sir2 and NAD+ precursors rejuvenates the heat shock response. PMID:25356557

Deteriorated stress response in stationary-phase yeast: Sir2 and Yap1 are essential for Hsf1 activation by heat shock and oxidative stress, respectively.

PubMed

Nussbaum, Inbal; Weindling, Esther; Jubran, Ritta; Cohen, Aviv; Bar-Nun, Shoshana

2014-01-01

Stationary-phase cultures have been used as an important model of aging, a complex process involving multiple pathways and signaling networks. However, the molecular processes underlying stress response of non-dividing cells are poorly understood, although deteriorated stress response is one of the hallmarks of aging. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a valuable model organism to study the genetics of aging, because yeast ages within days and are amenable to genetic manipulations. As a unicellular organism, yeast has evolved robust systems to respond to environmental challenges. This response is orchestrated largely by the conserved transcription factor Hsf1, which in S. cerevisiae regulates expression of multiple genes in response to diverse stresses. Here we demonstrate that Hsf1 response to heat shock and oxidative stress deteriorates during yeast transition from exponential growth to stationary-phase, whereas Hsf1 activation by glucose starvation is maintained. Overexpressing Hsf1 does not significantly improve heat shock response, indicating that Hsf1 dwindling is not the major cause for Hsf1 attenuated response in stationary-phase yeast. Rather, factors that participate in Hsf1 activation appear to be compromised. We uncover two factors, Yap1 and Sir2, which discretely function in Hsf1 activation by oxidative stress and heat shock. In Δyap1 mutant, Hsf1 does not respond to oxidative stress, while in Δsir2 mutant, Hsf1 does not respond to heat shock. Moreover, excess Sir2 mimics the heat shock response. This role of the NAD+-dependent Sir2 is supported by our finding that supplementing NAD+ precursors improves Hsf1 heat shock response in stationary-phase yeast, especially when combined with expression of excess Sir2. Finally, the combination of excess Hsf1, excess Sir2 and NAD+ precursors rejuvenates the heat shock response.

NASA Invites Artists to Visit James Webb Space Telescope

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

Witness History: Be inspired by giant, golden, fully-assembled James Webb Space Telescope mirror on display at NASA Goddard. Read more: go.nasa.gov/2dUOmSX Are you an artist? If so, we have a unique opportunity to view the amazing and aesthetic scientific marvel that is the James Webb Space Telescope. Because of Webb’s visually striking appearance, we are hosting a special viewing event on Wednesday, Nov. 2, 2016, at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Artists are invited to apply to attend. Credit: NASA/Goddard/Chris Gunn NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Wnt inhibition enhances browning of mouse primary white adipocytes.

PubMed

Lo, Kinyui Alice; Ng, Pei Yi; Kabiri, Zahra; Virshup, David; Sun, Lei

2016-01-01

The global epidemic in obesity and metabolic syndrome requires novel approaches to tackle. White adipose tissue, traditionally seen as a passive energy-storage organ, can be induced to take on certain characteristics of brown fat in a process called browning. The "browned" white adipose tissue, or beige fat, is a potential anti-obesity target. Various signaling pathways can enhance browning. Wnt is a key regulator of adipocyte biology, but its role in browning has not been explored. In this study, we found that in primary mouse adipocytes derived from the inguinal depot, Wnt inhibition by both chemical and genetic methods significantly enhanced browning. The effect of Wnt inhibition on browning most likely targets the beige precursor cells in selected adipose depots.

SIR-B image of Montreal from STS 41-G

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

False-color image showing Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and was acquired by the Shuttle Imaging Radar-B (SIR-B) during STS 41-G. The St. lawrence River dominates the right portion of the photo. Several bridges cossing the river are visible. Pink and blue areas are generally buildings or pavement. Light green areas regions of natural vegetation; darker green areas are generally cultivated regions. A race track like structure is apparent at top left. The Riviere des Milles Illes and the Riviere des Prairies (left and right, respectively), join to form a U-shaped waterway at the center of the image. The large elliptical green-centered feature west of the St. Lawrence is Mt. Royal.

Traveltime, reaeration, and water-quality characteristics during low-flow conditions in Wilsons Creek and the James River near Springfield, Missouri

USGS Publications Warehouse

Berkas, W.R.

1987-01-01

Before upgrading the Southwest Wastewater-Treatment Plant near Springfield, Missouri, to tertiary treatment, adverse water quality conditions resulting from discharge of wastewater effluent to Wilson Creek were documented in the creek and in the James River. About 7 years after the upgrading of the treatment plant, traveltime, reaeration, and water quality characteristics were determined in Wilsons Creek and the James River. Traveltime was measured once in Wilsons Creek and twice in the James River during low-flow conditions. Traveltimes in the James River were estimated for discharge between 55 and 200 cu ft/sec at a site near Boaz. Reaeration coefficients were calculated for five reaches in Wilsons Creek and the James River using the modified-tracer technique. Calculated reaeration coefficients were compared with coefficients predicted by twelve empirical equations and one equation was chosen that best fit the data. Water quality data were collected during two 44-hr periods, August 14 to 16, 1984, and July 23 to 25, 1985. Samples were collected at the outflow of the Southwest Wastewater Treatment Plant at seven sites along Wilsons Creek and the James River. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations in Wilsons Creek and the James River were all larger than Missouri 's water quality standard of 5.0 mg/l. Ammonia concentrations and 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demands were small, which indicated that the oxygen consumption by oxidizing ammonia and carbonaceous organic materials would be insignificant. Measured streambed oxygen demand in the James River was largest directly downstream from Wilsons Creek. (USGS)

4. Historic American Buildings Survey James C. Massey, Photographer 1964 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. Historic American Buildings Survey James C. Massey, Photographer 1964 MAIN (SOUTH) ENTRANCE (4x5' b&w film copy neg. from 35mm slide) - Albert F. Madlener House, 4 West Burton Place, Chicago, Cook County, IL

James Franck and the “Franck Report”

Science.gov Websites

, The University of Chicago "James Franck was one of Germany's leading experimental physicists in Spectroscopy and Franck Condon Factors (video) Top Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites

Hunting for brown dwarf binaries with X-Shooter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manjavacas, E.; Goldman, B.; Alcalá, J. M.; Zapatero-Osorio, M. R.; Béjar, B. J. S.; Homeier, D.; Bonnefoy, M.; Smart, R. L.; Henning, T.; Allard, F.

2015-05-01

The refinement of the brown dwarf binary fraction may contribute to the understanding of the substellar formation mechanisms. Peculiar brown dwarf spectra or discrepancy between optical and near-infrared spectral type classification of brown dwarfs may indicate unresolved brown dwarf binary systems. We obtained medium-resolution spectra of 22 brown dwarfs of potential binary candidates using X-Shooter at the VLT. We aimed to select brown dwarf binary candidates. We also tested whether BT-Settl 2014 atmospheric models reproduce the physics in the atmospheres of these objects. To find different spectral type spectral binaries, we used spectral indices and we compared the selected candidates to single spectra and composition of two single spectra from libraries, to try to reproduce our X-Shooter spectra. We also created artificial binaries within the same spectral class, and we tried to find them using the same method as for brown dwarf binaries with different spectral types. We compared our spectra to the BT-Settl models 2014. We selected six possible candidates to be combination of L plus T brown dwarfs. All candidates, except one, are better reproduced by a combination of two single brown dwarf spectra than by a single spectrum. The one-sided F-test discarded this object as a binary candidate. We found that we are not able to find the artificial binaries with components of the same spectral type using the same method used for L plus T brown dwarfs. Best matches to models gave a range of effective temperatures between 950 K and 1900 K, a range of gravities between 4.0 and 5.5. Some best matches corresponded to supersolar metallicity.

Apple Browning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chemecology, 1992

1992-01-01

Describes an activity in which students investigate the effects of selected natural and synthetic substances on the rate of apple browning. Includes background information for the teacher, a list of necessary materials, and student instructions. (KR)

Traveling waves in a delayed SIR model with nonlocal dispersal and nonlinear incidence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Shou-Peng; Yang, Yun-Rui; Zhou, Yong-Hui

2018-01-01

This paper is concerned with traveling waves of a delayed SIR model with nonlocal dispersal and a general nonlinear incidence. The existence and nonexistence of traveling waves of the system are established respectively by Schauder's fixed point theorem and two-sided Laplace transform. It is also shown that the spread speed c is influenced by the dispersal rate of the infected individuals and the delay τ.

Pestalozzi and James Pierrepont Greaves: A Shared Educational Philosophy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Latham, Jackie E. M.

2002-01-01

Focuses on Johann H. Pestalozzi, James Pierrepont Greaves, and Reverend Charles Mayo. States that Greaves and Mayo disseminated Pestalozzi's ideas and techniques in England. Explains that Pestalozzi and Greaves trained elementary teachers to view students' talents and personal growth as a whole person concept. Argues less effort would limit…

78 FR 11094 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; James River, Between Isle of Wight and Newport News, VA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-15

... Operation Regulation; James River, Between Isle of Wight and Newport News, VA AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... River, mile 5.0, between Isle of Wight and Newport News, VA. This deviation is necessary to facilitate... Isle of Isle and Newport News, VA opens on signal. The James River Bridge has vertical clearances in...

Brown Dwarf Companion Frequencies and Dynamical Interactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sterzik, Michael F.; Durisen, Richard H.

2003-06-01

Numerical simulations are used to explore how gravitational interactions within young multiple star systems may determine the binary properties of brown dwarfs. We compare different scenarios for cluster formation and decay and find that brown dwarf binaries, although possible, generally have a low frequency. We also discuss the frequencies of brown dwarf companions to normal stars expected from these models.

James J. Gallagher: Man in the White Hat

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jolly, Jennifer L.; Robinson, Ann

2014-01-01

In classic Western movies, the good guy could be frequently identified by his trademark white Stetson hat, whereas the bad guy always wore black. James J. Gallagher wore many hats during his career that spanned over six decades; he too would be known as the "man in the white hat,"--trusted to do the right thing. From 1967 to 1970,…

5. Historic American Buildings Survey James C. Massey, Photographer 1964 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Historic American Buildings Survey James C. Massey, Photographer 1964 MAIN (SOUTH) ENTRANCE DETAIL (4x5' b&w film copy neg. from 35mm slide) - Albert F. Madlener House, 4 West Burton Place, Chicago, Cook County, IL

A Multiwavelength Characterization of Proto-brown-dwarf Candidates in Serpens

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Riaz, B.; Vorobyov, E.; Harsono, D.; Caselli, P.; Tikare, K.; Gonzalez-Martin, O.

2016-11-01

We present results from a deep submillimeter survey in the Serpens Main and Serpens/G3-G6 clusters, conducted with the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA-2) at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. We have combined near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy, Herschel PACS far-infrared photometry, submillimeter continuum, and molecular gas line observations, with the aim of conducting a detailed multiwavelength characterization of “proto-brown-dwarf” (proto-BD) candidates in Serpens. We have performed continuum and line radiative transfer modeling and have considered various classification schemes to understand the structure and the evolutionary stage of the system. We have identified four proto-BD candidates, of which the lowest-luminosity source has an L bol ˜ 0.05 L ⊙. Two of these candidates show characteristics consistent with Stage 0/I systems, while the other two are Stage I-T/Class Flat systems with tenuous envelopes. Our work has also revealed a ˜20% fraction of misidentified Class 0/I/Flat sources that show characteristics consistent with Class II edge-on disk systems. We have set constraints on the mass of the central object using the measured bolometric luminosities and numerical simulations of stellar evolution. Considering the available gas+dust mass reservoir and the current mass of the central source, three of these candidates are likely to evolve into BDs.

A MULTIWAVELENGTH CHARACTERIZATION OF PROTO-BROWN-DWARF CANDIDATES IN SERPENS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Riaz, B.; Caselli, P.; Vorobyov, E.

2016-11-10

We present results from a deep submillimeter survey in the Serpens Main and Serpens/G3–G6 clusters, conducted with the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA-2) at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. We have combined near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy, Herschel PACS far-infrared photometry, submillimeter continuum, and molecular gas line observations, with the aim of conducting a detailed multiwavelength characterization of “proto-brown-dwarf” (proto-BD) candidates in Serpens. We have performed continuum and line radiative transfer modeling and have considered various classification schemes to understand the structure and the evolutionary stage of the system. We have identified four proto-BD candidates, of which the lowest-luminosity source hasmore » an L {sub bol} ∼ 0.05 L {sub ☉}. Two of these candidates show characteristics consistent with Stage 0/I systems, while the other two are Stage I-T/Class Flat systems with tenuous envelopes. Our work has also revealed a ∼20% fraction of misidentified Class 0/I/Flat sources that show characteristics consistent with Class II edge-on disk systems. We have set constraints on the mass of the central object using the measured bolometric luminosities and numerical simulations of stellar evolution. Considering the available gas+dust mass reservoir and the current mass of the central source, three of these candidates are likely to evolve into BDs.« less

Astronaut James D. van Hoften examines student experiment on Challenger

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

Astronaut James D. van Hoften, 41-C mission specialist, holds an aluminum box full of honeybees. The experiment in earth orbit is duplicated with another colony of the bees on earth. This is an experiment submitted by student researchers.

ASTRONAUT JAMES A. LOVELL, JR. - MISC. - GT-7 RECOVERY

NASA Image and Video Library

1965-12-18

S65-61828 (18 Dec. 1965) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., pilot of the Gemini-7 spaceflight, is hoisted from the water by a recovery helicopter from the Aircraft Carrier USS Wasp. Astronaut Frank Borman, command pilot, waits in the raft to be hoisted aboard the helicopter. Photo credit: NASA

THE JAMES MADISON WOOD QUADRANGLE, STEPHENS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA, MISSOURI.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MCBRIDE, WILMA

THE JAMES MADISON WOOD QUADRANGLE AT STEPHENS COLLEGE IS A COMPLEX OF BUILDINGS DESIGNED TO MAKE POSSIBLE A FLEXIBLE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT. A LIBRARY HOUSES A GREAT VARIETY OF AUDIO-VISUAL RESOURCES AND BOOKS. A COMMUNICATION CENTER INCORPORATES TELEVISION AND RADIO FACILITIES, A FILM PRODUCTION STUDIO, AND AUDIO-VISUAL FACILITIES. THE LEARNING…

[Delocalizing the mind. Peirce, James, Wittgenstein, Descombes].

PubMed

Chauviré, Christiane

2010-01-01

The cognitive sciences have breathed fresh air into the old problem of localizing mental functions, which was often laughed off. Regarding the most philosophical form of the question on the localization of the mind, authors such as Peirce, James, Wittgenstein, and most recently Descombes have imagined delocalizing the mind in order to spread the conviction that the idea itself of a location of the mental is meaningless and to criticize the localisationism of today's cognitive scientists.

The threshold of a stochastic delayed SIR epidemic model with vaccination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Qun; Jiang, Daqing

2016-11-01

In this paper, we study the threshold dynamics of a stochastic delayed SIR epidemic model with vaccination. We obtain sufficient conditions for extinction and persistence in the mean of the epidemic. The threshold between persistence in the mean and extinction of the stochastic system is also obtained. Compared with the corresponding deterministic model, the threshold affected by the white noise is smaller than the basic reproduction number Rbar0 of the deterministic system. Results show that time delay has important effects on the persistence and extinction of the epidemic.

The influence of percutaneous nephrolithotomy on human systemic stress response, SIRS and renal function.

PubMed

Shen, Pengfei; Wei, Wuran; Yang, Xiaochun; Zeng, Hao; Li, Xiong; Yang, Jie; Wang, Jia; Huang, Jiaoti

2010-10-01

The objective of this study is to investigate the influences of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) and open surgery nephrolithotomy on the systemic stress response, SIRS and renal function. Forty patients with kidney calculi were enrolled in the study. Twenty cases were randomized to the PNL group and the other twenty cases to the open surgery group. Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6(IL-6), β(2)-microglobulin (β(2)-MG), respiration rate, heart rate, body temperature and white blood cell counts were examined. CRP and IL-6 were measured in all patients pre-operatively and on post-operative days 1, 3 and 6, respectively. There was significant difference in their pre- and post-operation levels (P < 0.05), with the peak of CRP and IL-6 observed at post-operative days 3 and 1, respectively. There was significant difference in both CRP and IL-6 between the two groups (P < 0.05). At post-operative day 1, there were 5 cases of SIRS in PNL group and 12 cases in open surgery group; there was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Serum β(2)-MG levels were measured as the same time as CRP and no significant changes were observed within or between the groups (P > 0.05). Urine β(2)-MG levels were also measured. There was significant difference between pre- and the first day post-PNL (P < 0.05); there was no significant difference between pre- and the third and sixth day post-PNL (P > 0.05). There was significant difference between pre- and first and third day post-open surgery (P < 0.05); but there was no significant difference between pre- and the sixth day post-open surgery (P > 0.05). There was significant difference between two groups at the first, third and sixth days (P < 0.05). The systemic stress response is activated both in PNL group and open surgery group to some extent. The degree of stress response of PNL is lower than that of open surgery, proving the advantages of PNL with reference to serum immunology. There were cases in

Reaching beyond Uncle William: a century of William James in theory and in life.

PubMed

Croce, Paul J

2010-11-01

During the hundred years since his death, James's works have developed a reputation for literary flair and personal appeal, but also for inconsistency and lack of rigor; this has contributed to more admiration than influence. He had a talent rare among intellectuals for popularization of complex ideas. Meanwhile, his difficult coming of age and his compelling personality have contributed to an iconic status as a kind of uncle figure in philosophy, psychology, religious studies, and more fields that he influenced, and in American intellectual life in general, rather than as a major philosopher and scholar. Often reflecting these ways of depicting James, his biographies have gone through three phases: in the early-to-middle twentieth century, emphasis on his development of theories as solutions to personal problems; since the 1960s, increased scrutiny of deep troubles in his private life; and recently renewed attention to intellectual factors especially as amplified by greater appreciation of James's theories in the last generation. Now, with so much knowledge and insight achieved for understanding his personal life and his contributions to many fields, a next frontier for biographical work will be in synthesis of these strands of the life of William James. Recent and prospective work offers the promise of finding deeper meaning and implications in his work beyond, and even through, his informal style, and with integration of his apparent inconsistencies.

An individual-based approach to SIR epidemics in contact networks.

PubMed

Youssef, Mina; Scoglio, Caterina

2011-08-21

Many approaches have recently been proposed to model the spread of epidemics on networks. For instance, the Susceptible/Infected/Recovered (SIR) compartmental model has successfully been applied to different types of diseases that spread out among humans and animals. When this model is applied on a contact network, the centrality characteristics of the network plays an important role in the spreading process. However, current approaches only consider an aggregate representation of the network structure, which can result in inaccurate analysis. In this paper, we propose a new individual-based SIR approach, which considers the whole description of the network structure. The individual-based approach is built on a continuous time Markov chain, and it is capable of evaluating the state probability for every individual in the network. Through mathematical analysis, we rigorously confirm the existence of an epidemic threshold below which an epidemic does not propagate in the network. We also show that the epidemic threshold is inversely proportional to the maximum eigenvalue of the network. Additionally, we study the role of the whole spectrum of the network, and determine the relationship between the maximum number of infected individuals and the set of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. To validate our approach, we analytically study the deviation with respect to the continuous time Markov chain model, and we show that the new approach is accurate for a large range of infection strength. Furthermore, we compare the new approach with the well-known heterogeneous mean field approach in the literature. Ultimately, we support our theoretical results through extensive numerical evaluations and Monte Carlo simulations. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Isonicotinamide Enhances Sir2 Protein-mediated Silencing and Longevity in Yeast by Raising Intracellular NAD+ Concentration*

PubMed Central

McClure, Julie M.; Wierman, Margaret B.; Maqani, Nazif; Smith, Jeffrey S.

2012-01-01

Sirtuins are an evolutionarily conserved family of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases that function in the regulation of gene transcription, cellular metabolism, and aging. Their activity requires the maintenance of an adequate intracellular NAD+ concentration through the combined action of NAD+ biosynthesis and salvage pathways. Nicotinamide (NAM) is a key NAD+ precursor that is also a byproduct and feedback inhibitor of the deacetylation reaction. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nicotinamidase Pnc1 converts NAM to nicotinic acid (NA), which is then used as a substrate by the NAD+ salvage pathway enzyme NA phosphoribosyltransferase (Npt1). Isonicotinamide (INAM) is an isostere of NAM that stimulates yeast Sir2 deacetylase activity in vitro by alleviating the NAM inhibition. In this study, we determined that INAM stimulates Sir2 through an additional mechanism in vivo, which involves elevation of the intracellular NAD+ concentration. INAM enhanced normal silencing at the rDNA locus but only partially suppressed the silencing defects of an npt1Δ mutant. Yeast cells grown in media lacking NA had a short replicative life span, which was extended by INAM in a SIR2-dependent manner and correlated with increased NAD+. The INAM-induced increase in NAD+ was strongly dependent on Pnc1 and Npt1, suggesting that INAM increases flux through the NAD+ salvage pathway. Part of this effect was mediated by the NR salvage pathways, which generate NAM as a product and require Pnc1 to produce NAD+. We also provide evidence suggesting that INAM influences the expression of multiple NAD+ biosynthesis and salvage pathways to promote homeostasis during stationary phase. PMID:22539348

Patterns of Gram-stained fecal flora as a quick diagnostic marker in patients with severe SIRS.

PubMed

Shimizu, Kentaro; Ogura, Hiroshi; Tomono, Kazunori; Tasaki, Osamu; Asahara, Takashi; Nomoto, Koji; Morotomi, Masami; Matsushima, Asako; Nakahori, Yasutaka; Yamano, Shuhei; Osuka, Akinori; Kuwagata, Yasuyuki; Sugimoto, Hisashi

2011-06-01

The gut is an important target organ of injury during critically ill conditions. Although Gram staining is a common and quick method for identifying bacteria, its clinical application has not been fully evaluated in critically ill conditions. This study's aims were to identify patterns of Gram-stained fecal flora and compare them to cultured bacterial counts and to investigate the association between the patterns and septic complications in patients with severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Fifty-two patients with SIRS were included whose Gram-stained fecal flora was classified into three patterns. In a diverse pattern, large numbers of multiple kinds of bacteria completely covered the field. In a single pattern, one specific kind of bacteria or fungi predominantly covered the field. In a depleted pattern, most bacteria were diminished in the field. In the analysis of fecal flora, the numbers of total obligate anaerobes in the depleted pattern was significantly lower than those in the diverse pattern and single pattern (p < 0.05). The concentrations of total organic acids, acetic acid, and propionic acid in the depleted pattern were significantly lower than those in diverse pattern and single pattern (p < 0.05). Mortality due to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome for the single pattern (52%) and the depleted pattern (64%) was significantly higher than that for the diverse pattern (6%) (p < 0.05). Gram-stained fecal flora can be classified into three patterns and are associated with both cultured bacterial counts and clinical information. Gram-stained fecal bacteria can be used as a quick bedside diagnostic marker for severe SIRS patients.

Precipitation measurement using SIR-C: A feasibility study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ahamad, Atiq; Moore, Richard K.

1993-01-01

A precipitation detection and measurement experiment is planned for the SIR-C/X-SAR mission. This study was conducted to determine under what conditions an off-nadir experiment is feasible. The signal-to-clutter ratio, the signal-to-noise ratio, and the minimum detectable rain rate were investigated. Available models, used in previous studies, were used for the surface clutter and the rain echo. The study also considers the attenuation of the returns at X band. It was concluded that an off-nadir rain-measurement experiment is feasible only for rain rates greater than 10 mm/hr for look angles greater than 60 deg. For the range of look angles 5 less than theta(sub 1) less than 50, the rain rate required is very high for adequate signal-to-clutter ratio, and hence the feasibility of the experiment.

History through Red Eyes: A Conversation with James Loewen

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jetty, Mike

2006-01-01

This article presents a conversation with James Loewen. Loewen is an author, historian, and professor. In a recent conversation with the author, he shared his views on how American Indian topics and events are traditionally taught and offered his insights into what teachers can do to accommodate multiple perspectives in their examination of…

Beyond Walls: A Strategic Plan for James White Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Andrews Univ., Berrien Springs, MI. James White Library.

The strategic plan for the James White Library of Andrews University uses the phrase "beyond walls," rather than the catchphrase "library without walls," to acknowledge that printed matter is here to stay but that the paradigm in which it operates is open to innovation and exploration. The fundamental changes taking place in…

A Shattering Epiphany in James Joyce's "Araby"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rokeya, Ms.; Ahammed, A.K. Zunayet

2017-01-01

This article attempts to show an adolescent boy's continuing process of self-realisation through his disillusionment with the bleak reality of Dublin in the early twentieth century in the short story "Araby" by James Joyce. Brought up in the drab and deadening surroundings with his uncle and aunt in conservative Catholic cultures, the…

Searching for chemical signatures of brown dwarf formation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maldonado, J.; Villaver, E.

2017-06-01

Context. Recent studies have shown that close-in brown dwarfs in the mass range 35-55 MJup are almost depleted as companions to stars, suggesting that objects with masses above and below this gap might have different formation mechanisms. Aims: We aim to test whether stars harbouring massive brown dwarfs and stars with low-mass brown dwarfs show any chemical peculiarity that could be related to different formation processes. Methods: Our methodology is based on the analysis of high-resolution échelle spectra (R 57 000) from 2-3 m class telescopes. We determine the fundamental stellar parameters, as well as individual abundances of C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Zn for a large sample of stars known to have a substellar companion in the brown dwarf regime. The sample is divided into stars hosting massive and low-mass brown dwarfs. Following previous works, a threshold of 42.5 MJup was considered. The metallicity and abundance trends of the two subsamples are compared and set in the context of current models of planetary and brown dwarf formation. Results: Our results confirm that stars with brown dwarf companions do not follow the well-established gas-giant planet metallicity correlation seen in main-sequence planet hosts. Stars harbouring massive brown dwarfs show similar metallicity and abundance distribution as stars without known planets or with low-mass planets. We find a tendency of stars harbouring less-massive brown dwarfs of having slightly higher metallicity, [XFe/Fe] values, and abundances of Sc II, Mn I, and Ni I than the stars having the massive brown dwarfs. The data suggest, as previously reported, that massive and low-mass brown dwarfs might present differences in period and eccentricity. Conclusions: We find evidence of a non-metallicity dependent mechanism for the formation of massive brown dwarfs. Our results agree with a scenario in which massive brown dwarfs are formed as stars. At high metallicities, the core

Accumulation and Application of Knowledge Through Sports Institute for Research/Change Agent Research (SIR/CAR) System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moriarty, Dick

The Sports Institute for Research Through Change Agent Research (SIR/CAR) is an interdisciplinary, public professional, study/action group, which brings together theoreticians and practitioners to investigate topics of vital interest to sport or athletic organizations functioning at the community, provincial/state, national, or international…

Tony L. Brown and Joshua A. Brown d/b/a Riverview Cattle - Clean Water Act Public Notice

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The EPA is providing notice of a proposed Administrative Penalty Assessment against Tony L. Brown and Joshua A. Brown d/b/a Riverview Cattle, located in Emmet County, Iowa, for alleged violations at their concentrated animal feeding operation located at 18

Soluble CD14 subtype (sCD14-ST) presepsin in premature and full term critically ill newborns with sepsis and SIRS.

PubMed

Mussap, Michele; Puxeddu, Elisabetta; Puddu, Melania; Ottonello, Giovanni; Coghe, Ferdinando; Comite, Paola; Cibecchini, Francesco; Fanos, Vassilios

2015-12-07

Neonatal sepsis still remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Recently, soluble CD14 subtype (sDC14-ST) also named presepsin, was proposed as an effective biomarker for diagnosing, monitoring, and assessing the risk of neonatal sepsis and septic shock. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of sCD14-ST presepsin in diagnosing neonatal bacterial sepsis and in discriminating non-bacterial systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) from bacterial sepsis. This study involved 65 critically ill full-term and preterm newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), divided into three groups: 25 newborns with bacterial neonatal sepsis (group A); 15 newborns with a diagnosis of non-bacterial SIRS and with no localizing source of bacterial infection (group B); and 25 babies with no clinical or bacteriological signs of systemic or local infection receiving routine NICU care, most of them treated with phototherapy for neonatal jaundice (group C). A total of 102 whole blood samples were collected, 40 in group A, 30 in group B and 32 in group C. In 10 babies included in group A, sCD14-ST presepsin was also measured in an additional second blood sample collected 3 days after the start of antibiotic treatment. sCD14-ST presepsin was measured by a commercially available chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) optimized on an automated immunoassay analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed by means of MedCalc® statistical package; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was computed, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the ability of sCD14-ST to discriminate neonatal bacterial sepsis from non-bacterial SIRS. Blood sCD14-ST presepsin levels were found significantly higher in bacterial sepsis when compared with controls (p<0.0001); similarly, they were higher in non-bacterial SIRS when compared with controls (p<0.0001). However, no statistically

L-rhamnose induces browning in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes and activates HIB1B brown adipocytes.

PubMed

Choi, Minji; Mukherjee, Sulagna; Kang, Nam Hyeon; Barkat, Jameel Lone; Parray, Hilal Ahmad; Yun, Jong Won

2018-06-01

Induction of the brown adipocyte-like phenotype in white adipocytes (browning) is considered as a novel strategy to fight obesity due to the ability of brown adipocytes to increase energy expenditure. Here, we report that L-rhamnose induced browning by elevating expression levels of beige-specific marker genes, including Cd137, Cited1, Tbx1, Prdm16, Tmem26, and Ucp1, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, L-rhamnose markedly elevated expression levels of proteins involved in thermogenesis both in 3T3-L1 white and HIB1B brown adipocytes. L-rhamnose treatment in 3T3-L1 adipocytes also significantly elevated protein levels of p-HSL, p-AMPK, ACOX, and CPT1 as well as reduced levels of ACC, FAS, C/EBPα, and PPARγ, suggesting its possible role in enhancement of lipolysis and lipid catabolism as well as reduced adipogenesis and lipogenesis, respectively. The quick technique of efficient molecular docking provided insight into the strong binding of L-rhamnose to the fat-digesting glycine residue of β 3 -adrenergic receptor (AR), indicating strong involvement of L-rhamnose in fat metabolism. Further examination of the molecular mechanism of L-rhamnose revealed that it induced browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes via coordination of multiple signaling pathways through β 3 -AR, SIRT1, PKA, and p-38. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that L-rhamnose plays multiple modulatory roles in the induction of white fat browning, activation of brown adipocytes, as well as promotion of lipid metabolism, thereby demonstrating its therapeutic potential for treatment of obesity. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(6):563-573, 2018. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

33 CFR 165.504 - Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company Shipyard, James River, Newport News, Va.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company Shipyard, James River, Newport News, Va. 165.504 Section 165.504 Navigation and Navigable... Coast Guard District § 165.504 Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company Shipyard, James River...

33 CFR 165.504 - Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company Shipyard, James River, Newport News, Va.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company Shipyard, James River, Newport News, Va. 165.504 Section 165.504 Navigation and Navigable... Coast Guard District § 165.504 Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company Shipyard, James River...

33 CFR 165.504 - Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company Shipyard, James River, Newport News, Va.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company Shipyard, James River, Newport News, Va. 165.504 Section 165.504 Navigation and Navigable... Coast Guard District § 165.504 Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company Shipyard, James River...

33 CFR 165.504 - Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company Shipyard, James River, Newport News, Va.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company Shipyard, James River, Newport News, Va. 165.504 Section 165.504 Navigation and Navigable... Coast Guard District § 165.504 Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company Shipyard, James River...

33 CFR 165.504 - Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company Shipyard, James River, Newport News, Va.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company Shipyard, James River, Newport News, Va. 165.504 Section 165.504 Navigation and Navigable... Coast Guard District § 165.504 Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company Shipyard, James River...

77 FR 64718 - Safety Zone; Steam Ship Col. James M. Schoonmaker Relocation Project, Maumee River, Toledo, OH

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-23

... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Coast Guard 33 CFR Part 165 [Docket No. USCG-2012-0939] RIN 1625-AA00 Safety Zone; Steam Ship Col. James M. Schoonmaker Relocation Project, Maumee River, Toledo, OH...-0939 as follows: Sec. 165.T09-0939 Safety Zone; Steam Ship Col. James M. Schoonmaker relocation project...

Browning control of fresh-cut lettuce by phytoncide treatment.

PubMed

Kim, Do-Hee; Kim, Han-Bit; Chung, Hun-Sik; Moon, Kwang-Deog

2014-09-15

Phytoncide essential oil derived from pine leaves was applied for the control of enzymatic browning of fresh-cut lettuce. Changes in the browning characteristics of cut lettuce treated with phytoncide in an water or ethanol solution (1%, v/v) at 10°C were investigated for 12days at 4°C. Other samples dipped in distilled water or 95% ethanol were used as the controls. The samples treated with phytoncide in an ethanol solution showed significantly higher L* values and lower a* values, ΔE values, browning index, phenolic compounds, and enzyme activities (PPO, POD, PAL) related to browning. The samples dipped in distilled water showed the opposite tendency. On the basis of changes in the browning characteristics, anti-browning effects of each treatment, phytoncide in an ethanol solution was the most effective treatment applied. These results suggest that phytoncide treatment could be used as an effective method for controlling enzymatic browning in fresh-cut lettuce. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

X-Rays Found From a Lightweight Brown Dwarf

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2003-04-01

Using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, scientists have detected X-rays from a low mass brown dwarf in a multiple star system, which is as young as 12 million years old. This discovery is an important piece in an increasingly complex picture of how brown dwarfs - and perhaps the very massive planets around other stars - evolve. Chandra's observations of the brown dwarf, known as TWA 5B, clearly resolve it from a pair of Sun-like stars known as TWA 5A. The system is about 180 light years from the Sun and a member of a group of about a dozen young stars in the southern constellation Hydra. The brown dwarf orbits the binary stars at a distance about 2.75 times that of Pluto's orbit around the Sun. This is first time that a brown dwarf this close to its parent star(s) has been resolved in X-rays. "Our Chandra data show that the X-rays originate from the brown dwarf's coronal plasma which is some 3 million degrees Celsius," said Yohko Tsuboi of Chuo University in Tokyo and lead author of the April 10th issue of Astrophysical Journal Letters paper describing these results. "The brown dwarf is sufficiently far from the primary stars that the reflection of X-rays is unimportant, so the X-rays must come the brown dwarf itself." TWA 5B is estimated to be only between 15 and 40 times the mass of Jupiter, making it one of the least massive brown dwarfs known. Its mass is rather near the currently accepted boundary (about 12 Jupiter masses) between planets and brown dwarfs. Therefore, these results may also have implications for very massive planets, including those that have been discovered as extrasolar planets in recent years. Brown Dwarf size comparison schematic Brown Dwarf size comparison schematic "This brown dwarf is as bright as the Sun today in X-ray light, while it is fifty times less massive than the Sun," said Tsuboi. "This observation, thus, raises the possibility that even massive planets might emit X-rays by themselves during their youth!" This research on TWA 5

Dr. John Mather and the James Webb Space Telescope

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

Nobel Laureate and James Webb Space Telescope project scientist Dr. John Mather takes a selfie with the telescope. May 4, 2016 was a rare day for JWST, as it briefly faced the cleanroom observation window. The telescope was eventually rotated face-down in prep for the installation of the flight instruments. Credit: Meredith Gibb

Redhouse Yeni Turkce-Ingilizce Sozluk (New Redhouse Turkish-English Dictionary).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Church Board for World Ministries, Istanbul (Turkey). Near East Mission.

The product of nearly 20 years of preparation, this volume is based largely on Sir James Redhouse's publication of 1890, most recently reissued in 1923. The compilers' intention has been to include every word, and as nearly as possible every set phrase or locution, that has been used in standard Turkish as spoken within the geographical area now…

Yeni Redhouse Lugati; Ingilizce-Turkce (Revised Redhouse Dictionairy; English-Turkish).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Church Board for World Ministries, Istanbul (Turkey). Near East Mission.

The general plan of this dictionary, first prepared by Sir James Redhouse in 1861 and revised in 1950 and 1953, has been to include all words which appear in the Oxford Concise Dictionary and Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. In addition, a great number of idioms have been added; the volume now contains between 60,000 and 70,000 definitions.…

African American Principals and the Legacy of "Brown"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tillman, Linda C.

2004-01-01

The 1954 "Brown v. Board of Education" decision is significant with respect to African Americans in the principalship for several reasons. First, teachers, principals, and parents were the most important influences in the education of Black children in the pre-"Brown" era of schooling. Thus, discussions about the "Brown" decision and the education…

CDR Brown on middeck

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-12-20

S103-E-5007 (20 December 1999) --- Astronaut Curtis L. Brown, mission commander, retrieves supplies from a mid deck stowage locker onboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. He and six other astronauts will spend a great deal of time later in the week performing a variety of service tasks on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). As commander of the mission, Brown will remain inside Discovery while several of the other crew members will perform service tasks on HST. The photo was taken with an electronic still camera (ESC) at 16:12:27 GMT, Dec. 20, 1999.

Cause and control of Radix Ophiopogonis browning during storage.

PubMed

Wang, Hui; Qi, Jin; Han, Dong-Qi; Xu, Tian; Liu, Ji-Hua; Qin, Min-Jian; Zhu, Dan-Ni; Bo-Yang, Yu

2015-01-01

In the storage of Radix Ophiopogonis, browning often happens to cause potential risk with regard to safety. Previously few reports investigate the browning of Radix Ophiopogonis. In this research, the causes and mechanisms of the browning of Radix Ophiopogonis were preliminarily elucidated. Content determination by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometry, enzyme activity determination by colorimetry, and morphological observation by electron microscopy were performed in the present study. Uniform design and three-dimensional response surfaces were applied to investigate the relationship between browning and storage factors. The cortex cell wall of browned Radix Ophiopogonis was ruptured. Compared with the normal Radix Ophiopogonis, cellulase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes were activated, the levels of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), total sugars, and reducing sugars were increased, while the levels of polysaccharides and methylophiopogonanone A were decreased in browned Radix Ophiopogonis. The relationship between the storage factors and degree of browning (Y) could be described by following correlation equation: Y = - 0.625 4 + 0.020 84 × X3 + 0.001 514 × X1 × X2 - 0.000 964 4 × X2 × X3. Accompanied with browning under storage conditions, the chemical composition of Radix Ophiopogonis was altered. Following the activation of cellulase, the rupture of the cortex cell wall and the outflow of cell substances flowed out, which caused the Radix Ophiopogonis tissue to become soft and sticky. The main causes of the browning were the production of 5-HMF, the activation of polyphenol oxidase, Maillard reactions and enzymatic browning. Browning could be effectively prevented when the air relative humidity (HR), temperature, and moisture content were under 25% RH, 12 °C and 18%, respectively. Copyright © 2015 China Pharmaceutical University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Trustworthy-Looking Face Meets Brown Eyes

PubMed Central

Kleisner, Karel; Priplatova, Lenka; Frost, Peter; Flegr, Jaroslav

2013-01-01

We tested whether eye color influences perception of trustworthiness. Facial photographs of 40 female and 40 male students were rated for perceived trustworthiness. Eye color had a significant effect, the brown-eyed faces being perceived as more trustworthy than the blue-eyed ones. Geometric morphometrics, however, revealed significant correlations between eye color and face shape. Thus, face shape likewise had a significant effect on perceived trustworthiness but only for male faces, the effect for female faces not being significant. To determine whether perception of trustworthiness was being influenced primarily by eye color or by face shape, we recolored the eyes on the same male facial photos and repeated the test procedure. Eye color now had no effect on perceived trustworthiness. We concluded that although the brown-eyed faces were perceived as more trustworthy than the blue-eyed ones, it was not brown eye color per se that caused the stronger perception of trustworthiness but rather the facial features associated with brown eyes. PMID:23326406

Development and validation of a diagnostic model for early differentiation of sepsis and non-infectious SIRS in critically ill children - a data-driven approach using machine-learning algorithms.

PubMed

Lamping, Florian; Jack, Thomas; Rübsamen, Nicole; Sasse, Michael; Beerbaum, Philipp; Mikolajczyk, Rafael T; Boehne, Martin; Karch, André

2018-03-15

Since early antimicrobial therapy is mandatory in septic patients, immediate diagnosis and distinction from non-infectious SIRS is essential but hampered by the similarity of symptoms between both entities. We aimed to develop a diagnostic model for differentiation of sepsis and non-infectious SIRS in critically ill children based on routinely available parameters (baseline characteristics, clinical/laboratory parameters, technical/medical support). This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial conducted at a German tertiary-care pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Two hundred thirty-eight cases of non-infectious SIRS and 58 cases of sepsis (as defined by IPSCC criteria) were included. We applied a Random Forest approach to identify the best set of predictors out of 44 variables measured at the day of onset of the disease. The developed diagnostic model was validated in a temporal split-sample approach. A model including four clinical (length of PICU stay until onset of non-infectious SIRS/sepsis, central line, core temperature, number of non-infectious SIRS/sepsis episodes prior to diagnosis) and four laboratory parameters (interleukin-6, platelet count, procalcitonin, CRP) was identified in the training dataset. Validation in the test dataset revealed an AUC of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.70-0.87). Our model was superior to previously proposed biomarkers such as CRP, interleukin-6, procalcitonin or a combination of CRP and procalcitonin (maximum AUC = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.52-0.74). When aiming at a complete identification of sepsis cases (100%; 95% CI: 87-100%), 28% (95% CI: 20-38%) of non-infectious SIRS cases were assorted correctly. Our approach allows early recognition of sepsis with an accuracy superior to previously described biomarkers, and could potentially reduce antibiotic use by 30% in non-infectious SIRS cases. External validation studies are necessary to confirm the generalizability of our approach across populations and treatment practices

SIR model on a dynamical network and the endemic state of an infectious disease

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dottori, M.; Fabricius, G.

2015-09-01

In this work we performed a numerical study of an epidemic model that mimics the endemic state of whooping cough in the pre-vaccine era. We considered a stochastic SIR model on dynamical networks that involve local and global contacts among individuals and analysed the influence of the network properties on the characterization of the quasi-stationary state. We computed probability density functions (PDF) for infected fraction of individuals and found that they are well fitted by gamma functions, excepted the tails of the distributions that are q-exponentials. We also computed the fluctuation power spectra of infective time series for different networks. We found that network effects can be partially absorbed by rescaling the rate of infective contacts of the model. An explicit relation between the effective transmission rate of the disease and the correlation of susceptible individuals with their infective nearest neighbours was obtained. This relation quantifies the known screening of infective individuals observed in these networks. We finally discuss the goodness and limitations of the SIR model with homogeneous mixing and parameters taken from epidemiological data to describe the dynamic behaviour observed in the networks studied.

Astronaut James Newman works with computers and GPS

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-09-20

STS051-16-028 (12-22 Sept 1993) --- On Discovery's middeck, astronaut James H. Newman, mission specialist, works with an array of computers, including one devoted to Global Positioning System (GPS) operations, a general portable onboard computer displaying a tracking map, a portable audio data modem and another payload and general support computer. Newman was joined by four other NASA astronauts for almost ten full days in space.

Behavior of a stochastic SIR epidemic model with saturated incidence and vaccination rules

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yue; Li, Yang; Zhang, Qingling; Li, Aihua

2018-07-01

In this paper, the threshold behavior of a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) epidemic model with stochastic perturbation is investigated. Firstly, it is obtained that the system has a unique global positive solution with any positive initial value. Random effect may lead to disease extinction under a simple condition. Subsequently, sufficient condition for persistence has been established in the mean of the disease. Finally, some numerical simulations are carried out to confirm the analytical results.

Keening Woman and Today: James Welch's Early Unpublished Novel

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orton, Thomas

2006-01-01

It was most likely in the spring of 1966 that the late American Indian novelist James Welch wrote his first novel, predating his first published fiction by eight years. The titleless, hand-corrected typescript, stored in his Missoula home for many years, is 114 pages long and unfinished. The book is playful and experimental the way warm-ups…

Alternative Fuels Data Center: James Madison University Teaches Alternative

Science.gov Websites

TransportationA> James Madison University Teaches Alternative Transportation to someone by E-mail public. For information about this project, contact Virginia Clean Cities. Download QuickTime Video Videos Photo of a car Electric Vehicles Charge up at State Parks in West Virginia Dec. 9, 2017 Photo of a

UCP1 in adipose tissues: two steps to full browning.

PubMed

Kalinovich, Anastasia V; de Jong, Jasper M A; Cannon, Barbara; Nedergaard, Jan

2017-03-01

The possibility that brown adipose tissue thermogenesis can be recruited in order to combat the development of obesity has led to a high interest in the identification of "browning agents", i.e. agents that increase the amount and activity of UCP1 in brown and brite/beige adipose tissues. However, functional analysis of the browning process yields confusingly different results when the analysis is performed in one of two alternative steps. Thus, in one of the steps, using cold acclimation as a potent model browning agent, we find that if the browning process is followed in mice initially housed at 21 °C (the most common procedure), there is only weak molecular evidence for increases in UCP1 gene expression or UCP1 protein abundance in classical brown adipose tissue; however, in brite/beige adipose depots, there are large increases, apparently associating functional browning with events only in the brite/beige tissues. Contrastingly, in another step, if the process is followed starting with mice initially housed at 30 °C (thermoneutrality for mice, thus similar to normal human conditions), large increases in UCP1 gene expression and UCP1 protein abundance are observed in the classical brown adipose tissue depots; there is then practically no observable UCP1 gene expression in brite/beige tissues. This apparent conundrum can be resolved when it is realized that the classical brown adipose tissue at 21 °C is already essentially fully differentiated and thus expands extensively through proliferation upon further browning induction, rather than by further enhancing cellular differentiation. When the limiting factor for thermogenesis, i.e. the total amount of UCP1 protein per depot, is analyzed, classical brown adipose tissue is by far the predominant site for the browning process, irrespective of which of the two steps is analyzed. There are to date no published data demonstrating that alternative browning agents would selectively promote brite/beige tissues

Magnetic resonance imaging in congenital Brown syndrome.

PubMed

Kim, Jae Hyoung; Hwang, Jeong-Min

2015-08-01

Our aim was to elucidate the etiology of Brown syndrome by evaluating the trochlea position, morphologic characteristics of the extraocular muscles including superior oblique muscle/tendon complex, and the presence of the cranial nerves (CN) III, IV, and VI using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in eight patients with unilateral congenital Brown syndrome and one patient with bilateral congenital Brown syndrome. Nine consecutive patients diagnosed with congenital Brown syndrome had a comprehensive ocular examination and MRI for the CN III, CN VI, and the extraocular muscles. Five of the nine patients underwent additional high resolution MRI for CN IV. The distance from the annulus of Zinn to the trochlea was measured. Normal sized CN III, IV, and VI, as well as all extraocular muscles, could be identified bilaterally in all patients with available MRI. The distance from the annulus of Zinn to the trochlea was the same in both eyes. The findings for our patients, particularly in those who underwent additional high resolution MRI, did not provide evidence of a lack of CN IV as a cause of Brown syndrome.

Brown Dwarf Weather (Artist's Concept)

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-08-17

This artist's concept animation shows a brown dwarf with bands of clouds, thought to resemble those seen on Neptune and the other outer planets in the solar system. By using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, astronomers have found that the varying glow of brown dwarfs over time can be explained by bands of patchy clouds rotating at different speeds. Videos are available at https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA21752

Relationship between the enzymatic browning and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity of cut lettuce, and the prevention of browning by inhibitors of polyphenol biosynthesis.

PubMed

Hisaminato, H; Murata, M; Homma, S

2001-05-01

Cut lettuce stored at 4 degrees C gradually turned brown on the cut section after several days of storage. Three factors for enzymatic browning, the polyphenol content, polyphenol oxidase activity, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, were examined during the cold storage of cut lettuce. A relationship between the browning and PAL activity was apparent. We tried to prevent this browning by using the two enzyme inhibitors, 2-aminoindane-2-phosphonic acid (AIP), an inhibitor of the phenylpropanoid pathway, and glyphosate, an inhibitor of the shikimate pathway. AIP and glyphosate significantly inhibited the browning of cut lettuce. The polyphenol content and PAL activity were both reduced by the treatment with AIP. These results show that regulating the biosynthesis of polyphenols is essential to prevent the browning of cut lettuce.

APOLLO 13 CREW JOHN SWIGERT, JAMES LOVELL, AND FRED HAISE

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1970-01-01

John L. Swigert, Jr., left, the Apollo 13 backup crewman being considered as command module pilot in place of Thomas K. Mattingly II because of the latter's exposure to measles, has been training with the prime crew -- James A. Lovell, Jr., center and Fred W. Haise, Jr.

75 FR 16520 - James A. Fitzpatrick Nuclear Power Plant; Exemption

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-01

... date for all operating nuclear power plants, but noted that the Commission's regulations provide... Power Plant; Exemption 1.0 Background Entergy Nuclear Operations, Inc. (the licensee) is the holder of Facility Operating License No. DPR-59, which authorizes operation of the James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power...

75 FR 59237 - TRICARE Co-Pay Waiver at Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center Demonstration Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-27

... Federal Health Care Center Demonstration Project AGENCY: Office of the Secretary, Department of Defense. ACTION: Notice of TRICARE Co-Pay waiver at Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center... ``TRICARE Co-Pay Waiver at Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care (FHCC) Demonstration Project.'' Under...

VLA Detects Unexplained Radio Emission From Three Brown Dwarfs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2005-01-01

Astronomers have discovered three brown dwarfs -- enigmatic objects that are neither stars nor planets -- emitting radio waves that scientists cannot explain. The three newly-discovered radio-emitting brown dwarfs were found as part of a systematic study of nearby brown dwarfs using the National Science Foundation's Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope. The VLA The Very Large Array CREDIT: NRAO/AUI/NSF (Click on image for VLA gallery) Until 2001, scientists believed that brown dwarfs, which are intermediate in mass between stars and planets, could not emit detectable amounts of radio waves. That year, summer students at the VLA made the first discovery of radio emission from a brown dwarf. Subsequently, as many as a half- dozen more radio-emitting brown dwarfs were discovered. "It clearly had become time to make a systematic study and try to find out just what percentage of brown dwarfs are emitting radio waves," said Rachel Osten, an astronomer at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) in Charlottesville, Virginia. Osten was assisted in the project in the summer of 2004 by Lynnae Quick, a student at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University; Tim Bastian, also an astronomer at NRAO; and Suzanne Hawley, an astronomer at the University of Washington. The research team presented their results to the American Astronomical Society's meeting in San Diego, CA. The three new detections of radio-emitting brown dwarfs are just the first results from the systematic study, which aims to observe all the known brown dwarfs within about 45 light-years of Earth. "We want to be able to say definitively just how common radio emission is among brown dwarfs," Osten explained. The study involves observing 65 individual brown dwarfs, so these new detections represent just the beginning of the results expected from the study. Brown dwarfs are too big to be planets but too small to be true stars, as they have too little mass to trigger hydrogen fusion reactions

Legal Aspects of the Brown Decision.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carter, Robert L.

In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the Supreme Court outlawed segregation in the nation's public schools. This decision has not eliminated racial segregation, but it fundamentally altered the psychological pattern of race relations in the United States. Brown concerned a form of racial discrimination that has virtually vanished from…

Dyslexics at Brown. A Student Perspective. Third Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cain, Carol; And Others

An account of what it means to be a dyslexic student in higher education, put together by a group of Brown students who are dyslexic, is presented in an attempt to make the Brown community aware of dyslexia, its symptoms, and some study strategies for coping with it. Some of the resources that Brown offers its student body are listed. Nine…

Cannabidiol promotes browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

PubMed

Parray, Hilal Ahmad; Yun, Jong Won

2016-05-01

Recruitment of the brown-like phenotype in white adipocytes (browning) and activation of existing brown adipocytes are currently being investigated as a means to combat obesity. Thus, a wide variety of dietary agents that contribute to browning of white adipocytes have been identified. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of cannabidiol (CBD), a major nonpsychotropic phytocannabinoid of Cannabis sativa, on induction of browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CBD enhanced expression of a core set of brown fat-specific marker genes (Ucp1, Cited1, Tmem26, Prdm16, Cidea, Tbx1, Fgf21, and Pgc-1α) and proteins (UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC-1α). Increased expression of UCP1 and other brown fat-specific markers contributed to the browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes possibly via activation of PPARγ and PI3K. In addition, CBD increased protein expression levels of CPT1, ACSL, SIRT1, and PLIN while down-regulating JNK2, SREBP1, and LPL. These data suggest possible roles for CBD in browning of white adipocytes, augmentation of lipolysis, thermogenesis, and reduction of lipogenesis. In conclusion, the current data suggest that CBD plays dual modulatory roles in the form of inducing the brown-like phenotype as well as promoting lipid metabolism. Thus, CBD may be explored as a potentially promising therapeutic agent for the prevention of obesity.

7. VARIABLEANGLE LAUNCHER DEDICATION PLAQUE SHOWING JAMES H. JENNISON (LEFT), ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. VARIABLE-ANGLE LAUNCHER DEDICATION PLAQUE SHOWING JAMES H. JENNISON (LEFT), AND W.H. SAYLOR (RIGHT), AT THE DEDICATION CEREMONY, May 7, 1948. (Original photograph in possession of Dave Willis, San Diego, California.) - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

James Moffett's Mistake: Ignoring the Rational Capacities of the Other

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Donehower, Kim

2013-01-01

Using Alasdair MacIntyre's theory of tradition-bound rationalities, this essay analyses James Moffett's depiction of the censors who opposed his "Interactions" textbook series in the Kanawha County, West Virginia, schools. Many reviewers have found Moffett's analysis of the censors in "Storm in the Mountains" even-handed and…

Astronauts James Lovell uses scoop from ALHT during simulation

NASA Image and Video Library

1969-12-01

S70-20272 (December 1969) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., commander of the upcoming Apollo 13 lunar landing mission, uses a scoop from the Apollo Lunar Hand Tools (ALHT) during a simulated lunar surface traverse at the Kapoho, Hawaii training site. While at the Hawaii training sites, Lovell and Haise are participating in thorough rehearsals of their extravehicular activity (EVA). Photo credit: NASA

Honokiol exerts dual effects on browning and apoptosis of adipocytes.

PubMed

Lone, Jameel; Yun, Jong Won

2017-12-01

Induction of brown adipocyte-like phenotype (browning) in white adipocytes and promotion of apoptosis by dietary and pharmacological compounds is considered a novel strategy against obesity. Here, we show that honokiol exerts dual modulatory effects on adipocytes via induction of browning in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes and apoptosis as well as activation of HIB1B brown adipocytes combined with inhibition of apoptosis. Honokiol-induced browning and apoptosis were investigated by determining expression levels of brown adipocyte-specific genes and proteins by RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis, respectively. Apoptotic data were validated by immunofluorescence and ROS levels were measured by FACS analysis. Honokiol treatment induced browning by elevating expression levels of brown adipocyte-specific genes such as Cidea, Cox8, Fgf21, Pgc-1α, and Ucp1. Honokiol promoted apoptosis of 3T3-L1 white adipocytes and inhibited apoptosis of HIB1B brown adipocytes via opposite regulation of the pro-apoptotic protein BAX and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Honokiol also significantly increased protein expression levels of ACOX1, CPT1, p-HSL, and p-PLIN and reduced ROS levels, suggesting its possible role in fat oxidation and lipid catabolism. Honokiol-induced browning could be mediated by activation of ERK, as inhibition of ERK by FR180204 abolished expression of PGC-1α and UCP1. Our findings suggest that honokiol exhibits a modulatory role in adipocytes via induction of browning and apoptosis in white adipocytes, promotion of catabolic lipid metabolism, as well as activation and inhibition of apoptosis in HIB1B brown adipocytes, thereby exhibiting therapeutic potential against obesity. Copyright © 2017 Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Urban & Partner Sp. z o.o. All rights reserved.

Brown Dwarfs: Discovery and Detailed Studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.

2001-01-01

We obtained the optical and IR spectra of Gliese 229B and identified Cs, I, and CO features - as expected in theoretical models. Our optical IR spectrum showed that most of the refractory metals have condensed out of the atmosphere and the presence of Cs, I and CO shows evidence for disequilibrium chemistry. We reported orbital evidence for Gliese 229B. The HST measured optical magnitudes provide additional evidence for the absence of dust in the atmosphere of this cool object. The luminosity of brown dwarfs depend on their masses and ages and in order to interpret the results of the survey we have carried out an extensive Monte Carlo analysis. Our conclusion is that warm brown dwarfs are rare, as companions in the orbital period range beyond approximately 30 - 50 AU. The Palomer survey poses no constraint for brown dwarfs in planetary orbits similar to those of the outer planets. We have just started a program of imaging nearby stars with the newly commissioned AO system at Palomar and Keck and have already found a brown dwarf candidate.

Glutathione suppresses the enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning in grape juice.

PubMed

Wu, Shengjun

2014-10-01

Browning tends to occur in grape juice during processing and storage and decreases the commercial value of it. Thus, browning inhibition is an important objective for manufacturers. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of glutathione as a browning inhibitor for use on grape juice. Grape juice browning treated with glutathione was monitored during processing and accelerated browning. 0.04% of glutathione inhibited 99.4% of the polyphenoloxidase activity in the grape juice. Consequently, during processing at room temperature and accelerated browning at 80 °C, the browning in the grape juice treated with glutathione was significantly lower than that in the control (p<0.05). The results indicate that glutathione is a promising browning inhibitor used in grape juice. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Solar Radiometric Data Quality Assessment of SIRS, SKYRAD and GNDRAD Measurements (Poster)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Habte, A.; Stoffel, T.; Reda, I.

2014-03-01

Solar radiation is the driving force for the earth's weather and climate. Understanding the elements of this dynamic energy balance requires accurate measurements of broadband solar irradiance. Since the mid-1990's the ARM Program has deployed pyrheliometers and pyranometers for the measurement of direct normal irradiance (DNI), global horizontal irradiance (GHI), diffuse horizontal irradiance (DHI), and upwelling shortwave (US) radiation at permanent and mobile field research sites. This poster summarizes the basis for assessing the broadband solar radiation data available from the SIRS, SKYRAD, and GNDRAD measurement systems and provides examples of data inspections.

James Webb Space Telescope Status

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mather, John C.

2005-01-01

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the first deployable infrared to millimeter wave space telescopes. We will describe the progress on JWST and introduce other speakers in the session. The JWST will operate at the Sun-Earth Lagrange point L2, where radiative cooling lowers the telescope and instrument temperatures to about 35 K. It will have an 18-segment beryllium primary mirror with a 25 m2 area fitting inside a 6.6m circumscribed circle, and will provide spectroscopy and imaging over the wavelength range from 0.6 to 28 microns. It is planned for launch in 2011 on an Ariane 5 rocket. The project is a partnership of NASA, ESA, and CSA, and the prime contractor is Northrop Grumman. See http://www.jwst.nasa.gov for more details on JWST.

35. James River Visitor Center. Opened as an open air ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

35. James River Visitor Center. Opened as an open air visitor center in 1962, it was enclosed and a heating system installed in 1984 to allow use through the cooler months and help reduce vandalism. Looking northeast. - Blue Ridge Parkway, Between Shenandoah National Park & Great Smoky Mountains, Asheville, Buncombe County, NC

Groundbreaking Investigator of Creativity: An Interview with James C. Kaufman

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henshon, Suzanna E.

2010-01-01

This article presents an interview with James C. Kaufman, an associate professor of psychology at the California State University at San Bernardino, where he directs the Learning Research Institute. Kaufman received his PhD in cognitive psychology from Yale University in 2001. Dr. Kaufman's research broadly focuses on nurturing and encouraging…

75 FR 13323 - James A. Fitzpatrick Nuclear Power Plant; Exemption

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-19

... Power Plant; Exemption 1.0 Background Entergy Nuclear Operations, Inc. (the licensee) is the holder of Facility Operating License No. DPR-59, which authorizes operation of the James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power... nuclear power plants that were licensed before January 1, 1979, satisfy the requirements of 10 CFR Part 50...

Thermal vacuum test of space equipment: tests of SIR-2 instrument Chandrayaan-1 mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sitek, P.

2008-11-01

We describe the reasons of proceeding Thermal-Vacuum tests for space electronic. We will answer on following questions: why teams are doing TV tests, what kind of phases should be simulated, which situations are the most critical during TV tests, what kind of results should be expected, which errors can be detect. As an example, will be shown TV-test of SIR-2 instrument for Chandrayaan-1 moon mission.

Speaking Personally--With John Seely Brown

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Journal of Distance Education, 2008

2008-01-01

This article presents an interview with John Seely Brown, a visiting scholar at the University of Southern California and a former chief scientist of Xerox Corporation and director of its Palo Alto Research Center (PARC)--a position he held for nearly two decades. While head of PARC, Brown expanded the role of corporate research to include such…

Interpreting "Mind-Cure": William James and the "chief task…of the science of human nature".

PubMed

Sutton, Emma Kate

2012-01-01

The private papers of the philosopher-psychologist, William James, indicate that he frequented several mental healers during his life, undertaking 100-200 therapeutic sessions concerning a range of symptoms from angina to insomnia. The success of the mind-cure movement constituted for James both a corroboration, and an extension, of the new research into the subconscious self and the psychogenesis of disease. Epistemologically, the experiences of those converts to the "mind-cure religion" exemplified his conviction that positivistic scientific enquiry can only reveal only one part of a wider reality. Metaphysically their reports comprised a powerful body of support for the existence of a "higher consciousness," a supernatural world of some description. The positing of such a source of "supernormal" healing power was, for James, the best way to reconcile the accounts of those who had been regenerated, via their faith, despite having exhausted all natural reserves of energy and will. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

'Report of the Committee on Mediumistic Phenomena', by William James (1886): With an introduction by.

PubMed

Alvarado, Carlos S

2016-03-01

Mediumship was a topic of great interest to some nineteenth-century students of mental phenomena. Together with the phenomena of hypnosis and other manifestations, mediumship was seen by many as a dissociative phenomenon. The purpose of this Classic Text is to present an excerpt of an article about the topic that William James (1842-1910) published in 1886 in the Proceedings of the American Society for Psychical Research about American medium Leonora E. Piper (1857-1950). The article, an indication of late nineteenth-century interactions between dissociation studies and psychical research, was the first report of research with Mrs Piper, a widely investigated medium of great importance for the development of mediumship studies. In addition to studying the case as a dissociative experience, James explored the possibility that Piper's mentation contained verifiable information suggestive of 'supernormal' knowledge. Consequently, James provides an example of a topic neglected in historical studies, the ideas of those who combined conventional dissociation studies with psychical research. © The Author(s) 2016.

49 CFR 173.216 - Asbestos, blue, brown or white.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Asbestos, blue, brown or white. 173.216 Section... Class 7 § 173.216 Asbestos, blue, brown or white. (a) Asbestos, blue, brown or white, includes each of the following hydrated mineral silicates: chrysolite, crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite asbestos...

49 CFR 173.216 - Asbestos, blue, brown or white.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Asbestos, blue, brown or white. 173.216 Section... Class 7 § 173.216 Asbestos, blue, brown or white. (a) Asbestos, blue, brown or white, includes each of the following hydrated mineral silicates: chrysolite, crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite asbestos...

49 CFR 173.216 - Asbestos, blue, brown or white.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Asbestos, blue, brown or white. 173.216 Section... Class 7 § 173.216 Asbestos, blue, brown or white. (a) Asbestos, blue, brown or white, includes each of the following hydrated mineral silicates: chrysolite, crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite asbestos...

49 CFR 173.216 - Asbestos, blue, brown or white.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Asbestos, blue, brown or white. 173.216 Section... Class 7 § 173.216 Asbestos, blue, brown or white. (a) Asbestos, blue, brown or white, includes each of the following hydrated mineral silicates: chrysolite, crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite asbestos...

49 CFR 173.216 - Asbestos, blue, brown or white.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Asbestos, blue, brown or white. 173.216 Section... Class 7 § 173.216 Asbestos, blue, brown or white. (a) Asbestos, blue, brown or white, includes each of the following hydrated mineral silicates: chrysolite, crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite asbestos...

The brown dwarf kinematics project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Faherty, Jackie K.

2010-10-01

Brown dwarfs are a recent addition to the plethora of objects studied in Astronomy. With theoretical masses between 13 and 75 MJupiter , they lack sustained stable Hydrogen burning so they never join the stellar main sequence. They have physical properties similar to both planets and low-mass stars so studies of their population inform on both. The distances and kinematics of brown dwarfs provide key statistical constraints on their ages, moving group membership, absolute brightnesses, evolutionary trends, and multiplicity. Yet, until my thesis, fundamental measurements of parallax and proper motion were made for only a relatively small fraction of the known population. To address this deficiency, I initiated the Brown Dwarf Kinematics (BDKP). Over the past four years I have re-imaged the majority of spectroscopically confirmed field brown dwarfs (or ultracool dwarfs---UCDs) and created the largest proper motion catalog for ultracool dwarfs to date. Using new astrometric information I examined population characteristics such as ages calculated from velocity dispersions and correlations between kinematics and colors. Using proper motions, I identified several new wide co-moving companions and investigated binding energy (and hence formation) limitations as well as the frequency of hierarchical companions. Concurrently over the past four years I have been conducting a parallax survey of 84 UCDs including those showing spectral signatures of youth, metal-poor brown dwarfs, and those within 20 pc of the Sun. Using absolute magnitude relations in J,H, and K, I identified overluminous binary candidates and investigated known flux-reversal binaries. Using current evolutionary models, I compared the MK vs J-K color magnitude diagram to model predictions and found that the low-surface gravity dwarfs are significantly red-ward and underluminous of predictions and a handful of late-type T dwarfs may require thicker clouds to account for their scatter.

Space Radar Image of Sydney, Australia

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

This spaceborne radar image is dominated by the metropolitan area of Australia's largest city, Sydney. Sydney Harbour, with numerous coves and inlets, is seen in the upper center of the image, and the roughly circular Botany Bay is shown in the lower right. The downtown business district of Sydney appears as a bright white area just above the center of the image. The Sydney Harbour Bridge is a white line adjacent to the downtown district. The well-known Sydney Opera House is the small, white dot to the right of the bridge. Urban areas appear yellow, blue and brown. The purple areas are undeveloped areas and park lands. Manly, the famous surfing beach, is shown in yellow at the top center of the image. Runways from the Sydney Airport are the dark features that extend into Botany Bay in the lower right. Botany Bay is the site where Captain James Cook first landed his ship, Endeavour, in 1770. The image was acquired by the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) on April 20, 1994, onboard the space shuttle Endeavour. The area shown is 33 kilometers by 38kilometers (20 miles by 23 miles) and is centered at 33.9 degrees south latitude, 151.2 degrees east longitude. North is toward the upper left. The colors are assigned to different radar frequenciesand polarizations as follows: red is L-band, vertically transmittedand horizontally received; green is C-band, vertically transmitted and horizontally received; and blue is C-band, vertically transmittedand received. SIR-C/X-SAR, a joint mission of the German, Italianand United States space agencies, is part of NASA's Mission to Planet Earth. #####

SPIR: The potential spreaders involved SIR model for information diffusion in social networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rui, Xiaobin; Meng, Fanrong; Wang, Zhixiao; Yuan, Guan; Du, Changjiang

2018-09-01

The Susceptible-Infective-Removed (SIR) model is one of the most widely used models for the information diffusion research in social networks. Many researchers have devoted themselves to improving the classic SIR model in different aspects. However, on the one hand, the equations of these improved models are regarded as continuous functions, while the corresponding simulation experiments use discrete time, leading to the mismatch between numerical solutions got from mathematical method and experimental results obtained by simulating the spreading behaviour of each node. On the other hand, if the equations of these improved models are solved discretely, susceptible nodes will be calculated repeatedly, resulting in a big deviation from the actual value. In order to solve the above problem, this paper proposes a Susceptible-Potential-Infective-Removed (SPIR) model that analyses the diffusion process based on the discrete time according to simulation. Besides, this model also introduces a potential spreader set which solve the problem of repeated calculation effectively. To test the SPIR model, various experiments have been carried out from different angles on both artificial networks and real world networks. The Pearson correlation coefficient between numerical solutions of our SPIR equations and corresponding simulation results is mostly bigger than 0.95, which reveals that the proposed SPIR model is able to depict the information diffusion process with high accuracy.

Some Aspects of Enzymatic Browning in Apples

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liffen, C. L.; Cleeve, H. N.

1975-01-01

Describes material modified from the Nuffield advanced chemistry course to make it meaningful and relevant to pupils in the middle school. Discusses a series of simple experiments on apple browning and summarizes the browning process and its control. (Author/GS)

Observing Exoplanets with the James Webb Space Telescope

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clampin Mark

2011-01-01

The search for exoplanets and characterization of their properties has seen increasing success over the last few years. In excess of 500 exoplanets are known and Kepler has approx. 1000 additional candidates. Recently, progress has been made in direct imaging planets, both from the ground and in space. This presentation will discuss the history and current state of technology used for such discoveries, and highlight the new capabilities that will be enabled by the James Webb Space Telescope.

Brown Dwarf Microlensing Diagram

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-11-10

For the first time, two space-based telescopes have teamed up with ground-based observatories to observe a microlensing event, a magnification of the light of a distant star due to the gravitational effects of an unseen object in the foreground. In this case, the cause of the microlensing event was a brown dwarf, dubbed OGLE-2015-BLG-1319, orbiting a star. In terms of mass, brown dwarfs fall somewhere between the size of the largest planets and the smallest stars. Curiously, scientists have found that, for stars roughly the mass of our sun, less than 1 percent have a brown dwarf orbiting within 3 AU (1 AU is the distance between Earth and the sun). This newly discovered brown dwarf may fall in that distance range. This microlensing event was observed by ground-based telescopes looking for these uncommon events, and subsequently seen by NASA's Spitzer and Swift space telescopes. As the diagram shows, Spitzer and Swift offer additional vantage points for viewing this chance alignment. While Swift orbits close to Earth, and saw (blue diamonds) essentially the same change in light that the ground-based telescopes measured (grey markers), Spitzer's location much farther away from Earth gave it a very different perspective on the event (red circles). In particular, Spitzer's vantage point resulted in a time lag in the microlensing event it observed, compared to what was seen by Swift and the ground-based telescope. This offset allowed astronomers to determine the distance to OGLE-2015-BLG-1319 as well as its mass: around 30-65 times that of Jupiter. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA21077

Astronaut James D. van Hoften examines student experiment on Challenger

NASA Image and Video Library

1984-04-15

41C-05-188 (12 April 1984) --- Astronaut James D. van Hoften, mission specialist, holds an aluminum box, full of honeybees. The experiment in Earth-orbit is duplicated with another colony of the young honeycomb builders on Earth. Dan Poskevich submitted the experiment to NASA as part of the Shuttle student involvement program.

Apollo 13 Astronaut James Lovel during lunar surface simulation training

NASA Image and Video Library

1970-01-16

S70-28229 (16 Jan. 1970) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., commander of the Apollo 13 lunar landing mission, participates in lunar surface simulation training at the Manned Spacecraft Center. Lovell is attached to a Six Degrees of Freedom Simulator. He is carrying an Apollo Lunar Hand Tools carrier in his right hand.

Race to the Top: Transiting Brown Dwarfs and Hot Jupiters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beatty, Thomas G.

2015-12-01

There are currently twelve known transiting brown dwarfs, nine of which orbit single main-sequence stars. These systems give us one of the only ways in which we may directly measure the masses and radii brown dwarfs, which in turn provides strong constraints on theoretical models of brown dwarf interiors and atmospheres. In addition, the transiting brown dwarfs allow us to forge a link between our understanding of transiting hot Jupiters, and our understanding of the field brown dwarf population. Comparing the two gives us a unique avenue to explore the role and interaction of surface gravity and stellar irradiation in the atmospheres of sub-stellar objects. It also allows us to leverage the detailed spectroscopic information we have for field brown dwarfs to interpret the broadband colors of hot Jupiters. This provides us with insight into the L/T transition in brown dwarfs, and the atmospheric chemistry changes that occur in hot Jupiter atmospheres as they cool. I will discuss recent observational results, with a particular focus on the transiting brown dwarf KELT-1b, and suggest how more of these important systems may be discovered in the future.

Brown Dwarf Weather (Artist's Concept)

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-06-06

This artist's concept shows what the weather might look like on cool star-like bodies known as brown dwarfs. These giant balls of gas start out life like stars, but lack the mass to sustain nuclear fusion at their cores, and instead, fade and cool with time. Observations from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope suggest that most brown dwarfs are roiling with one or more planet-size storms akin to Jupiter's "Great Red Spot." https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA21475

Phylogeography of mitochondrial DNA variation in brown bears and polar bears.

PubMed

Shields, G F; Adams, D; Garner, G; Labelle, M; Pietsch, J; Ramsay, M; Schwartz, C; Titus, K; Williamson, S

2000-05-01

We analyzed 286 nucleotides of the middle portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 61 brown bears from three locations in Alaska and 55 polar bears from Arctic Canada and Arctic Siberia to test our earlier observations of paraphyly between polar bears and brown bears as well as to test the extreme uniqueness of mitochondrial DNA types of brown bears on Admiralty, Baranof, and Chichagof (ABC) islands of southeastern Alaska. We also investigated the phylogeography of brown bears of Alaska's Kenai Peninsula in relation to other Alaskan brown bears because the former are being threatened by increased human development. We predicted that: (1) mtDNA paraphyly between brown bears and polar bears would be upheld, (2) the mtDNA uniqueness of brown bears of the ABC islands would be upheld, and (3) brown bears of the Kenai Peninsula would belong to either clade II or clade III of brown bears of our earlier studies of mtDNA. All of our predictions were upheld through the analysis of these additional samples. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.

Phylogeography of mitochondrial DNA variation in brown bears and polar bears

USGS Publications Warehouse

Shields, Gerald F.; Adams, Deborah; Garner, Gerald W.; Labelle, Martine; Pietsch, Jacy; Ramsay, Malcolm; Schwartz, Charles; Titus, Kimberly; Williamson, Scott

2000-01-01

We analyzed 286 nucleotides of the middle portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 61 brown bears from three locations in Alaska and 55 polar bears from Arctic Canada and Arctic Siberia to test our earlier observations of paraphyly between polar bears and brown bears as well as to test the extreme uniqueness of mitochondrial DNA types of brown bears on Admiralty, Baranof, and Chichagof (ABC) islands of southeastern Alaska. We also investigated the phylogeography of brown bears of Alaska's Kenai Peninsula in relation to other Alaskan brown bears because the former are being threatened by increased human development. We predicted that: (1) mtDNA paraphyly between brown bears and polar bears would be upheld, (2) the mtDNA uniqueness of brown bears of the ABC islands would be upheld, and (3) brown bears of the Kenai Peninsula would belong to either clade II or clade III of brown bears of our earlier studies of mtDNA. All of our predictions were upheld through the analysis of these additional samples.

Production and characterization of the healthy brown rice milk with sodium alginate addition from brown algae Sargassum binderi as emulsifier

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Latifah, R. N.; Warganegara, F. M.

2018-03-01

Brown rice milk, a plant milk, is potential to cure beriberi disease. Alginate was used as an emulsifier and increased the nutrition of brown rice milk. Alginate from Sargassum binderi was extracted by nonacidic treatment. The yield of alginate was 6.25 %. The moisture and water content of alginate were 18.27 % and 12.2 %, respectively. The density and viscosity of 0.1 % alginates in aqueous solution were 1.007 g·mL-1 and 7.651 × 10-3 kg·m-1s-1, respectively. The characteristics peaks of alginate appeared at 3,477; 1,633 and 1,419 cm-1, corresponding to hydroxyl (OH), carbonyl (C=O) and carboxyl (COOH), respectively. The best composition of alginate addition in brown rice milk was 0.2 %. The viscosity of the 0.2 % alginate in brown rice milk was 1.206 × 10-2 kg·m-1s-1 and showed a texture of small particle with closer spaces between the particles. The addition of alginate in brown rice milk also inhibited the process of sedimentation of milk which showed in the first order. The nutrition composition of the best brown rice milk was 40.21 mg·mL-1 carbohydrate; 1.3 mg·mL-1 protein; 0.158 mg·mL-1 fat and 13.1 mg·mL-1 total dietary fiber.

Browning phenomenon of medieval stained glass windows.

PubMed

Ferrand, Jessica; Rossano, Stéphanie; Loisel, Claudine; Trcera, Nicolas; van Hullebusch, Eric D; Bousta, Faisl; Pallot-Frossard, Isabelle

2015-04-07

In this work, three pieces of historical on-site glass windows dated from the 13th to 16th century and one archeological sample (8th century) showing Mn-rich brown spots at their surface or subsurface have been characterized by optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The oxidation state of Mn as well as the Mn environment in the alteration phase have been characterized by X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Mn K-edge. Results show that the oxidation state of Mn and therefore the nature of the alteration phase varies according to the sample considered and is correlated with the extent of the brown alteration. The larger the brown areas the more oxidized the Mn. However, by contrast with literature, the samples presenting the more extended brown areas are not similar to pyrolusite and contain Mn mainly under a (+III) oxidation state.

The detectability of brown dwarfs - Predictions and uncertainties

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nelson, L. A.; Rappaport, S.; Joss, P. C.

1993-01-01

In order to determine the likelihood for the detection of isolated brown dwarfs in ground-based observations as well as in future spaced-based astronomy missions, and in order to evaluate the significance of any detections that might be made, we must first know the expected surface density of brown dwarfs on the celestial sphere as a function of limiting magnitude, wavelength band, and Galactic latitude. It is the purpose of this paper to provide theoretical estimates of this surface density, as well as the range of uncertainty in these estimates resulting from various theoretical uncertainties. We first present theoretical cooling curves for low-mass stars that we have computed with the latest version of our stellar evolution code. We use our evolutionary results to compute theoretical brown-dwarf luminosity functions for a wide range of assumed initial mass functions and stellar birth rate functions. The luminosity functions, in turn, are utilized to compute theoretical surface density functions for brown dwarfs on the celestial sphere. We find, in particular, that for reasonable theoretical assumptions, the currently available upper bounds on the brown-dwarf surface density are consistent with the possibility that brown dwarfs contribute a substantial fraction of the mass of the Galactic disk.

Brown-Spot Needle Blight of Pines

Treesearch

W.R. Phelps; A.G. Kais; T.H. Nicholls

1978-01-01

Brown-spot needle blight, caused by Scirrhia acicola (Dearn.) Siggers, delays growth and causes mortality of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Brown spot reduces total annual growth of southern pines by more than 16 million cubic feet (0.453 million cubic meters) of timber. Damage is most severe on longleaf seedlings in the grass stage; i.e., those that have not...

Plan Representations for Distributed Planning and Execution

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-08-01

Edinburgh AIAI, School of Informatics Appleton Tower, Crichton Street Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom EH8 9LE EOARD GRANT 09-3090...Edinburgh Appleton Tower, Crichton Street Edinburgh, Scotland , United Kingdom EH8 9LE 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER N/A...α → abandon α 5 4 pe rf or m in g 8 7 pe rf or m in g → abandon α 6 Figure 14: Abandoning Execution pecially negative effects, e.g. when a robot

The Five Shifts: Ensuring an Environment for Healing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Longhurst, James E.; Brown, Juanita Capri

2013-01-01

James E. Longhurst and Juanita Capri Brown introduce us to the Five habits of mind practiced in the Glasswing Healing Racism, program, which is designed to foster personal transformation, interpersonal understanding, and racial equity. Longhurst and Brown note that the topic of racism is not typically brought up in mixed company. It can elicit a…

76 FR 70711 - Senior Executive Service; Performance Review Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-15

... BROWN, FRED L BROWN, STEPHANIE H BRUCE, SANDRA D BRYAN, PAUL F BRYAN, WILLIAM N BURROWS, CHARLES W... GEERNAERT, GERALD L GEISER, DAVID W GELLES, CHRISTINE M GENDRON, MARK O GERRARD, JOHN E GIBBS, ROBERT C... HOLLETT, DOUGLAS W HOLLRITH, JAMES W HORTON, LINDA L HOWARD, MICHAEL F HOWELL JR, J T HUIZENGA, DAVID G...