Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (74th, Boston, Massachusetts, August 7-10, 1991). Part III: Society and Mass Media.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.

The Society and Mass Media section of the proceedings contains the following 16 papers: "The Relationship of Mass Media and Interpersonal Channels to Societal and Personal Risk Judgments" (Cynthia-Lou Coleman); "Freedom of Expression: How Much Will the Public Tolerate?" (Daniel Riffe and Charles F. Aust); "Economic…

Learning with Technology: Using Discussion Forums to Augment a Traditional-Style Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shana, Zuhrieh

2009-01-01

There is considerable evidence that using technology as an instructional tool improves student learning and educational outcomes (Hanna & de Nooy, 2003). In developing countries, pre-university education focuses on memorization, although meting the mission of AUST requires students to manage technology and to think more independently. This…

Impact of "Sleepwise": An Intervention for Youth with Developmental Disabilities and Sleep Disturbance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moss, Alicia H.; Gordon, Jocelynne E.; O'Connell, Annie

2014-01-01

The prevalence of sleep disturbance among children with developmental disabilities is known to be considerably higher than the typical population. The current study examined the effectiveness of the "Sleepwise" intervention program (O'Connell and Vannan in "Aust Occup Ther J" 55:212-214, 2008): a parent-assisted…

Three-Halves Law in Sunspot Cycle Shape,

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-07-01

Naturwiss., 47, 197. Kiepenheuer, K.O., (1953). The Sun, G. Kuiper, ed., Chicago University Press, p. -324. Waldmeier, M., (1935). Asir . Mitt. Zirich...133, 105. Waldmeier, M., (1968). Asir . Mitt. Zirich, 358, 23. Williams, G.E., (1981). Nature, 291, 624. Williams, G.E., (1985). Aust. J. Phys., 38

Attitudes and Behavior of Ajman University of Science and Technology Students towards the Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raman, Rasha Abdel

2016-01-01

This study examined the attitudes and behavior of Ajman University of Science and Technology (AUST) students towards the environment according to their gender and college. The research was based on a descriptive approach. The sample consisted of (375) students (230 males and 145 females) from different colleges (Law, Information Technology, Mass…

The Quality-Volume Relationship: Comparing Civilian and MHS Practice

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

in disease burden and demographics between patient populations can have a large impact on the assessment of hospital and surgeon outcomes.  The...Barbour, J. Demakis, G. Irvin, J. F. Stremple, F. Grover, G. McDonald, E. Passaro, Jr., P. J. Fabri , J. Spencer, K. Hammermeister, and J. B. Aust. 1997

"Obsessive Compulsive Font Disorder": The Challenge of Supporting Pupils Writing with the Computer

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matthewman, Sasha; Triggs, Pat

2004-01-01

Writing with the computer provokes and enables pupils to engage with aspects of multimodal design [Multiliteracies: Literacy Learning and the Design of Social Futures, Routledge, London, 2000]. At the same time the traditional stages of the writing process become much more fluid and integrated [Aust. J. Language Literacy 17(3) (1994) 183]. These…

Concurrent Enrollment: Comparing How Educators and Students Categorize Students' Motivations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dare, Alec; Dare, Lynn; Nowicki, Elizabeth

2017-01-01

High-ability students have special education needs that are often overlooked or misunderstood (Blaas in "Aust J Guid Couns" 24(2):243-255, 2014) which may result in talent loss (Saha and Sikora in "Int J Contemp Sociol Discuss J Contemp Ideas Res" 48(1):9-34, 2011). Educational acceleration can help avoid these circumstances…

Rationalizing NATO’s Defense Posture

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-03-01

together via iaproved C3 to take full advantage of alrpower’s flexibility; ( g ) interopereblllty end compatibility of forces and doctrine aust bs...Dlleana 15 I. NATO Rationaliiatlon Already Hea Its Second Wind .. 21 P. Substantive Guidelines for Retionelization 25 G . Making...Antiener Ce^abilities .... 60 B. Retionelizlng Barrier Operations 67 P. Retionallzing Ground Air Defence 70 G . Conpetibility

Technology Applications Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-08-01

And when business produce spinoffs. Publications in- is looking for technological inno- clude the SDI High Technology Up- vations, the Strategic ...SDI ~ES Strategic { Defense W J. Initiative - Applications Report ------ ---- ul MthV, DISTR’hM-f1o-N SiTAI Approveed0. public release; 19980309...301AUST19 Accession Number: 3992 Publication Date: Aug 01. 1992 Title: Technology Applications Report 1992 Corporate Author Or Publisher: Strategic

Wave Breaking Influence in a Coupled Model of the Atmosphere-Ocean Wave Boundary Layers under Very High Wind Conditions

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-30

PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) University of New South Wales,School of Mathematics,Sydney 2052, Australia, 8. PERFORMING... ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S...published, refereed] Leslie, LM, MS Speer and L. Qi, (2003): Prediction of Extreme Rainfall for the Coffs Harbour Catchment. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 52, 95

Evaluation of Particle Counter Technology for Detection of Fuel Contamination Detection Utilizing Fuel System Supply Point

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-19

product used as a diesel product for ground use (1). Free water contamination (droplets) may appear as fine droplets or slugs of water in the fuel...methods and test procedures for the calibration and use of automatic particle counters. The transition of this technology to the fuel industry is...UNCLASSIFIED 6 UNCLASSIFIED Receipt Vehicle Fuel Tank Fuel Injector Aviation Fuel DEF (AUST) 5695B 18/16/13 Parker 18

Bilayer Hydrogel with Autologous Stem Cells Derived from Debrided Human Burn Skin for Improved Skin Regeneration

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-02-01

derived stem cells (ASCs), in particular, can be obtained in abundance with a minimally invasive liposuction technique.16,17 Unfortunately, after...substi- tutes. Stem Cells 2008;26:2713–23. 16. Aust L, Devlin B, Foster SJ, et al. Yield of human adipose- derived adult stem cells from liposuction ...Matsumoto D, et al. Character- ization of freshly isolated and cultured cells derived from the fatty and fluid portions of liposuction aspirates. J Cell

Rapid Formation of Acrylated Microstructures by Microwave-Induced Thermal Crosslinking

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

Kagawa, M. Okubo, Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 3747. [10] C. O. Kappe, D. Dallinger, Nature Rev. Drug Disc. 2006, 5, 51. [11] R. Hoogenboom , U. S. Schubert...of Electronic Imaging 2004, 13. [24] R. M. Paulus, C. R. Becer, R. Hoogenboom , U. S. Schubert, Aust. J. Chem. 2009, 62, 254. [25] S. S. Cutie, D. E...Kohn, Macromolecules 1992, 25, 4476. [27] H. Zhang, R. Hoogenboom , M. Meier, U. Schubert, Meas. Sci. Technol. 2005, 16, 203. 13

Prenatal Effects of Exposure to High-Level Noise,

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-03-01

R.J. (1968). Sound transmission to the human foetus through the maternal abdominal wall. J. Genet. Psychol., 113:85-87. Bench, R.J., and Hittler, M.A...1967). Changes of heart rate in re- sponse to auditory stimulation in the human foetus (abstract). Bull. Brit. Psychol. Soc., 20:14A. Bench, R.J...Aust. J. Ment. Ret., 2:63-64. Johansson, B., Wedenberg, E., and Westin, B. (1964). Measurement of tone response by the human foetus . Acta Otolaryngol

Algorithms for the Reduction of Wind-Tunnel Data Derived from Strain Gauge Force Balances.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-05-01

summed. Where hinge moments are measured on a model, it is customary to express them by coefficients of the form C11 h (4.23) q Si dH where hi is the...measured hinge moment and Sit and dH are a characteristic area and length associated with the control surface. 4.6 Transformation to Body Axes...Pty. Ltd. Mr D. Pilkington Mr R. D. Bullen Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation, Libra Hawker de Havilland Aust. Pty. Ltd., Bankstown. L.ibrar

RNZAF C-130 Simulator Training: The Future of a Costly Necessity

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-04-01

dropped from 1.6 to 1.15 percent of GDP (excluding capital charge) over the same period.19 Almost every area of the NZDF has been closely...will examine the extent to which the RNZAF fosters this interest. 33 Whenuapai airfield is part of RNZAF Auckland , the parent base of the RNZAF C...OPS FLT TRAINING FLT MAINT FLT 42 SQN B-200 King Air (3) OPS WING ADMIN WING BASE WING RNZAF AUCKLAND RNZAF WOODBOURNE 2 SQN (Based in Aust.) TA

Harvard-Lead Phase of Multi- Qubit Systems Based on Electron Spins in Coupled Quantum Dots Project Meeting

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-24

8.00 9.00 T. Hatano, T. Kubo , Y. Tokura, S. Amaha, S. Teraoka, S. Tarucha. Aharonov-Bohm Oscillations Changed by Indirect Interdot Tunneling via...M. Pioro-Ladrière, T. Kubo , K. Yoshida, T. Taniyama, Y. Tokura, S. Tarucha. Two-Qubit Gate of Combined Single-Spin Rotation and Interdot Spin...1 2012): 0. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.035306 S. Amaha, T. Hatano, H. Tamura, S. Teraoka, T. Kubo , Y. Tokura, D. G. Austing, S. Tarucha. Resonance

CSF Hypocretin-1 Levels and Clinical Profiles in Narcolepsy and Idiopathic CNS Hypersomnia in Norway

PubMed Central

Heier, Mona Skard; Evsiukova, Tatiana; Vilming, Steinar; Gjerstad, Michaela D.; Schrader, Harald; Gautvik, Kaare

2007-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between CSF hypocretin-1 levels and clinical profiles in narcolepsy and CNS hypersomnia in Norwegian patients. Method: CSF hypocretin-1 was measured by a sensitive radioimmunoassay in 47 patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy, 7 with narcolepsy without cataplexy, 10 with idiopathic CNS hypersomnia, and a control group. Results: Low hypocretin-1 values were found in 72% of the HLA DQB1*0602 positive patients with narcolepsy and cataplexy. Patients with low CSF hypocretin-1 levels reported more extensive muscular involvement during cataplectic attacks than patients with normal levels. Hypnagogic hallucinations and sleep paralysis occurred more frequently in patients with cataplexy than in the other patient groups, but with no correlation to hypocretin-1 levels. Conclusion: About three quarters of the HLA DQB1*0602 positive patients with narcolepsy and cataplexy had low CSF hypocretin-1 values, and appear to form a distinct clinical entity. Narcolepsy without cataplexy could not be distinguished from idiopathic CNS hypersomnia by clinical symptoms or biochemical findings. Citation: Heier MS; Evsiukova T; Vilming S; Gjerstad MD; Schrader H; Gautvik K. CSF hypocretin-1 levels and clinical profiles in narcolepsy and idiopathic CNS hypersomnia in norway. SLEEP 2007;30(8):969-973. PMID:17702265

Surface Modification by Physical Vapour Deposition,

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-07-13

Fe) are used usually to a thickness of 20 to 106 micrometres [541. MCrAlY coatings are designed to produce protective scales of either A12 0 3 or...I on plating, 2 )Q bias-- e- D rnj I 88V bias --- pu terir -- A -Vcuum evaporation 10 - % 0 -, 0. 1 0- 1000- 9 .6 50-~N 10 10 0 10’ 101 106 Cycles...Library Hawker de Havilland Aust. Pty Ltd, Bankstown, Library Major Furnace and Combustion Engineers Pty Ltd, Manager Australian Institute of Petroleum

A Fortran Program for the Determination of Unsteady Air Forces on General Combinations of Interfering Lifting Surfaces Oscillating in Subsonic Flow,

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-01-01

constant for the panel com- bination under consideration. dh . . *.~r, With reference to Figure 2, the sine and cosine of the dihedral angle of the...15.200 15.298 17-345 17.562 Q 353.8 357.7 355.1 357-8 355Ś 357.4 355-1 356.7 QI1 6虍 6-791 6-641 7" 106 6蚎 6衆 5� 6蔓 Qti 165𔃿 164-0 164...Airlines of Australia, Library - Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation, Library Hawker de Havilland Aust. Pty. Ltd., Bankstown, Library Rolls-Royce of

Use and Design of an Active Data Dictionary for Local Validation of Input Data.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-03-01

tl,--:selves ir tl~ce si tuations aire fro ~io-ntly lof~t to tlhcir ohfl Ipvices, an-. they aust 1.velo)p the ir own :r.tL i-,5 for v datinXL. inputs...progirams. Feijarltless off orijin, indocur.ite data aIre j’oi.;O.- in any -NTP ;-,,steni. Informa tion create.1 from inaccurite !Lta also tends to he...cLiect name, shcort name, syn%3nym or allases, source, narrative description, records/ filos that lise cr contain the lata object, data structure

On the Genesis of Reliability Models.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-07-01

dy1 fRi fI, where I: Y1 H,(yl~y2,t) = ex (tly) Irl(y2)11+ f ,ra(y2*(yl’))dyl’].(.9 The results, dH , = _r(y2*(y))H(y,y,,t)* dt H,(4rfjy 2 t) = eP...Press, 1971. 2. Payne, A. 0.: A reliability approach to the fatigue of structures. ASTM STP 511, pp. 106 - 155, 1972. 3. Diamond, P., and Payne, A. 0...Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation, Library Hawker de Havilland Aust. Pty. Ltd., Bankstown, Library Rolls-Royce of Australia Pty. Ltd., Mr. C. 0. A. Bailey

Novel management approach to connecting tube erosion of artificial urinary sphincter.

PubMed

Boateng, Akwasi A; Mohamed, Mahmoud A; Mahdy, Ayman E

2014-04-01

Artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) erosion often involve the urethral cuff and is managed by complete or partial device removal. Abdominal wall erosion of AUS tubing has not been previously reported and its management is unknown. We report tube erosion (TE) of AUS successfully managed without device explant. An 81-year-old male with AUS for post-prostatectomy incontinence presented with TE at the site of inguinal incision without signs or symptoms of infection. The exposed tube was reduced and wound was closed after copious antibiotic solution irrigation. No complications were noted at 2 month follow up. AUS-TE can be successfully managed conservatively with antiseptic wound site irrigation and reinsertion in absence of infection.

Military Standard Generators Prototype Modifications. Volume 3. 60 kW DoD Generator Set

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-31

14 JAN ., 17 :35: ’w. 6843 GEN S DS-00 273 . .. •- -,- - 32. 351 3 DE,-.. F Z EX ,-UST 2 895. 93 DEL;. F C REL!:7T 3 988.34 DEC-. F C 4 EXH-4AUST 4...33. 351 DEG. F C 20 GEN. FRAME TOP 11. 64 DEG. F C 2:1 GEN. FRAME BTTM 82. 15± DEG. F C 21 GEN. FRAME BTTM 113. i6 DEG. F C 2,. GEN. EXCITER 32. 992...DEG. F C 21 GEli . FRAME BTTM ±88.15 DEG. F S2 -EN. EXCITER 12. 49 DEG. F C 22 S-EN. EXCITER 185. 5 DEG. F 27 G2N. ’OLT. REG. 95. 459 DEG. F C 23 GEN

Variation in biological properties of cauliflower mosaic virus clones.

PubMed

al-Kaff, N; Covey, S N

1994-11-01

Infectious clones were prepared from virion DNA of three cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) isolates, 11/3, Xinjiang (XJ), and Aust, to investigate pathogenic variation in virus populations. Of 10 infectious clones obtained for isolate 11/3, four pathotypes were identified, each producing symptoms in turnip that differed from those of the 11/3 wild-type. Virus from two clonal groups of 11/3 was transmissible by aphids whereas that from two others was not. Of the five infectious clones obtained from isolate XJ, two groups were identified, one of which differed symptomatically from the wild-type. Only one infectious clone was obtained from isolate Aust and this had properties similar to the wild-type. Restriction enzyme polymorphisms were found in some clonal groups and these correlated with symptoms. Other groups with different pathogenic properties could not be distinguished apart by restriction site polymorphisms. Further variation was observed in the nucleotide sequences of gene II (coding for aphid transmission factor) from these viruses as compared with other CaMV isolates. In the aphid non-transmissible clones of isolate 11/3, one had a Gly to Arg mutation in gene II similar to that of other non-deleted non-transmissible CaMV isolates. The second had a 322 bp deletion at the site of a small direct repeat similar to that of isolate CM4-184 although occurring in a different position. The gene II deletion of isolate 11/3 produced a frame-shift that separated genes II and III by 60 bp. Most CaMV clones studied remained biologically stable producing similar symptoms during subsequent passages. However, one clone (11/3-7) produced two new biotypes during its first passage suggesting that it was relatively unstable. Our results show that wild-type populations of CaMV contain a range of infectious genome variants with contrasting biological properties and differing stability. We suggest that a variety of significant viral phenotypic changes can occur during each

Magma emplacement mechanisms and syn-magmatic deformation - a new approach to the Knaben area in Vest Agder, Norway

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stormoen, Martin Austin; Slagstad, Trond; Henderson, Iain

2014-05-01

The Knaben area, known for its molybdenite mining, defines a N-S striking (~30 degrees dip towards the east) belt, consisting of porphyry granite with a varying density of amphibolite and varieties of deformed granite, lying within the Sirdal Magmatic Belt, is important for understanding the emplacement- and deformation mechanisms of the batholith. Detailed geological mapping combined with geochronology, geochemistry, and structural geology will be the focus areas. Last autumn's fieldwork indicated that several of the formerly mapped enclaves of amphibolite and deformed granite are more coherent then previously indicated, and some have been followed for a few kilometres. Several varieties of granite make up the area, mainly a dominating red porphyry granite, and a grey molybdenite-bearing finer grained granite. Structural investigations revealed consistent "top to the west" compressional kinematics on mappable shear zone networks often displaying west-directed duplex geometries. The Knaben area could possibly comprise a boundary between two individual plutons in the Sirdal Magmatic Belt, or a zone with remaining host rock. Geochronology of the eastern and western plutons will be done. Currently, largely different paleomagnetic vectors of the eastern and western porphyry granites indicate that they are separate plutons. Exploring how the emplacement- and deformation mechanisms have acted and are related, will be one of the main objectives. If the deformed granite is host rock, or syn- to post-magmatic deformed porphyry granite has been one of the major questions. A better understanding of the formation of the Knaben area, also regarding the emplacement of molybdenite, will prove useful for understanding the regional batholith, and possibly the possibility for molybdenite to occur elsewhere. The Sirdal Magmatic Belt, and also Knaben, seem to be of great value for studying magmatic processes.

Characterisation of a Hydroxyapatite and Carbon Nanotube Bioceramic Composite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kealley, C.; Ben-Nissan, B.; van Riessen, A.; Elcombe, M.

2006-03-01

A biocompatible composite for bone replacement applications was investigated. The effects that the microstructure may have on the mechanical properties of the bioceramic have been assessed. Hydroxyapatite was prepared as reported previously[1] with 2, 5 and 10 wt% of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) being incorporated during the production before hot isostatic pressing. Microstructural analysis of the composite has been undertaken by SEM/EDS, TEM/EDS, XRD and ND. The effects of concentration of the CNTs on the mechanical properties of the composite material have been determined. At 2 wt% excellent densification has been achieved, and there is a significant improvement in Vickers Hardness and Young's Modulus. However, as expected fracture toughness is reduced. [1] Lewis, K., Kealley, C., Elcombe, M., van Riessen, A., and Ben-Nissan, B. (2005), J. Aust. Ceram. Soc., 41(2), p52-55.

Alternative fuels for multiple-hearth furnaces

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bracken, B.D.; Lawson, T.U.

1980-04-01

A study of alternative procedures for reducing the consumption of No. 2 fuel oil at the Lower Molonglo Water Quality Control Centre near Canberra, Aust., indicated that in comparison with the present system of incineration with heat supplied by burning fuel oil, the installation of a sludge drying operation, consisting of a rotary dryer heated by furnace exhaust gases with the dried sludge used to fuel the furnace, would become economically desirable by 1985 if afterburning is not required, and would be justified immediately if afterburning is required to meet air pollution control regulations. The substitution of any of fourmore » waste fuels (refuse-derived fuel, waste paper, wood waste, or waste oil) or of coal for the No. 2 fuel oil would not be cost-effective through 1989. The furnace system, including afterburning and fuel oil requirements, the envisioned alternative fuel use systems, sludge processing alternatives, heat balance results, and economics are discussed.« less

Whole Genome-Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Historical Collection of Bacillus anthracis Strains from Danish Cattle

PubMed Central

Derzelle, Sylviane; Girault, Guillaume; Kokotovic, Branko; Angen, Øystein

2015-01-01

Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is known as one of the most genetically monomorphic species. Canonical single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing and whole-genome sequencing were used to investigate the molecular diversity of eleven B. anthracis strains isolated from cattle in Denmark between 1935 and 1988. Danish strains were assigned into five canSNP groups or lineages, i.e. A.Br.001/002 (n = 4), A.Br.Ames (n = 2), A.Br.008/011 (n = 2), A.Br.005/006 (n = 2) and A.Br.Aust94 (n = 1). The match with the A.Br.Ames lineage is of particular interest as the occurrence of such lineage in Europe is demonstrated for the first time, filling an historical gap within the phylogeography of the lineage. Comparative genome analyses of these strains with 41 isolates from other parts of the world revealed that the two Danish A.Br.008/011 strains were related to the heroin-associated strains responsible for outbreaks of injection anthrax in drug users in Europe. Eight novel diagnostic SNPs that specifically discriminate the different sub-groups of Danish strains were identified and developed into PCR-based genotyping assays. PMID:26317972

Existence of Corotating and Counter-Rotating Vortex Pairs for Active Scalar Equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hmidi, Taoufik; Mateu, Joan

2017-03-01

In this paper, we study the existence of corotating and counter-rotating pairs of simply connected patches for Euler equations and the {(SQG)_{α}} equations with {α in (0,1)}. From the numerical experiments implemented for Euler equations in Deem and Zabusky (Phys Rev Lett 40(13):859-862, 1978), Pierrehumbert (J Fluid Mech 99:129-144, 1980), Saffman and Szeto (Phys Fluids 23(12):2339-2342, 1980) it is conjectured the existence of a curve of steady vortex pairs passing through the point vortex pairs. There are some analytical proofs based on variational principle (Keady in J Aust Math Soc Ser B 26:487-502, 1985; Turkington in Nonlinear Anal Theory Methods Appl 9(4):351-369, 1985); however, they do not give enough information about the pairs, such as the uniqueness or the topological structure of each single vortex. We intend in this paper to give direct proofs confirming the numerical experiments and extend these results for the {(SQG)_{α}} equation when {α in (0,1)}. The proofs rely on the contour dynamics equations combined with a desingularization of the point vortex pairs and the application of the implicit function theorem.

Life and times of the impact factor: retrospective analysis of trends for seven medical journals (1994-2005) and their Editors' views

PubMed Central

Chew, Mabel; Villanueva, Elmer V; Van Der Weyden, Martin B

2007-01-01

Objective (1) To analyse trends in the journal impact factor (IF) of seven general medical journals (Ann Intern Med, BMJ, CMAJ, JAMA, Lancet, Med J Aust and N Engl J Med) over 12 years; and (2) to ascertain the views of these journals' past and present Editors on factors that had affected their journals' IFs during their tenure, including direct editorial policies. Design Retrospective analysis of IF data from ISI Web of Knowledge Journal Citation Reports—Science Edition, 1994 to 2005, and interviews with Editors-in-Chief. Setting Medical journal publishing. Participants Ten Editors-in-Chief of the journals, except Med J Aust, who served between 1999 and 2004. Main outcome measures IFs and component numerator and denominator data for the seven general medical journals (1994 to 2005) were collected. IFs are calculated using the formula: (Citations in year z to articles published in years x and y)/(Number of citable articles published in years x and y), where z is the current year and x and y are the previous two years. Editors' views on factors that had affected their journals' IFs were also obtained. Results IFs generally rose over the 12-year period, with the N Engl J Med having the highest IF throughout. However, percentage rises in IF relative to the baseline year of 1994 were greatest for CMAJ (about 500%) and JAMA (260%). Numerators for most journals tended to rise over this period, while denominators tended to be stable or to fall, although not always in a linear fashion. Nine of ten eligible editors were interviewed. Possible reasons given for rises in citation counts included: active recruitment of high-impact articles by courting researchers; offering authors better services; boosting the journal's media profile; more careful article selection; and increases in article citations. Most felt that going online had not affected citations. Most had no deliberate policy to publish fewer articles (lowering the IF denominator), which was sometimes the unintended

Report on the Successful AustLit: Australian Literature Gateway Implementation of the FRBR and INDECS Event Models, and Implications for Other FRBR Implementations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ayres, Marie-Louise; Kilner, Kerry; Fitch, Kent; Scarvell, Annette

This paper discusses the first major implementation of two significant new cataloging models: IFLA's FRBR (International Federation of Library Associations' Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) and event modeling (INDECS and Harmony). The paper refers briefly to the decision making processes leading to the adoption of these models,…

Cooling Characteristics of the V-1650-7 Engine. 1; Coolant-Flow Distribution, Cylinder Temperatures, and Heat Rejections at Typical Operating Conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Povolny, John H.; Bogdan, Louis J.

1947-01-01

An investigation was conducted to determine the coolant-flow distribu tion, the cylinder temperatures, and the heat rejections of the V-165 0-7 engine . The tests were run a t several power levels varying from minimum fuel consumption to war emergency power and at each power l evel the coolant flows corresponded to the extremes of those likely t o be encountered in typical airplane installations, A mixture of 30-p ercent ethylene glycol and 70-percent water was used as the coolant. The temperature of each cylinder was measured between the exhaust val ves, between the intake valves, in the center of the head, on the exh aust-valve guide, at the top of the barrel on the exhaust side, and o n each exhaust spark-plug gasket. For an increase in engine power fro m 628 to approximately 1700 brake horsepower the average temperature for the cylinder heads between the exhaust valves increased from 437 deg to 517 deg F, the engine coolant heat rejection increased from 12 ,600 to 22,700 Btu. per minute, the oil heat rejection increased from 1030 to 4600 Btu per minute, and the aftercooler-coolant heat reject ion increased from 450 to 3500 Btu -per minute.

Self-reported learning difficulties and dietary intake in Norwegian adolescents.

PubMed

Øverby, Nina Cecilie; Lüdemann, Eva; Høigaard, Rune

2013-11-01

The academic performance of children impacts future educational attainment which may increase socioeconomic status which again influences their health. One of several factors that might affect academic performance is the diet. The aim of this study was to investigate the cross sectional relation between diet and self-reported reading-, writing-, and mathematical difficulties in Norwegian adolescents. In total, 475 ninth- and tenth-grade students out of 625 eligible ones from four different secondary schools in three different municipalities in Vest-Agder County, Norway, participated, giving a participation rate of 77%. The students filled in a questionnaire with food frequency questions of selected healthy and unhealthy food items, questions of meal frequency and different learning difficulties. Regular breakfast was significantly associated with decreased odds of both writing and reading difficulties (OR: 0.44 (0.2-0.8), p = 0.01) and mathematical difficulties (OR: 0.33 (0.2-0.6), p ≤ 0.001). In addition, having lunch, dinner and supper regularly were associated with decreased odds of mathematical difficulties. Further, a high intake of foods representing a poor diet (sugar-sweetened soft drinks, sweets, chocolate, savory snacks, pizza and hot dogs) was significantly associated with increased odds of mathematical difficulties. Having a less-frequent intake of unhealthy foods and not skipping meals are associated with decreased odds of self-reported learning difficulties in Norwegian adolescents in this study. The results of this study support the need for a larger study with a more representative sample.

Uncovering degrees of workplace bullying: A comparison of baccalaureate nursing students' experiences during clinical placement in Australia and the UK.

PubMed

Birks, Melanie; Cant, Robyn P; Budden, Lea M; Russell-Westhead, Michele; Sinem Üzar Özçetin, Yeter; Tee, Stephen

2017-07-01

Bullying in health workplaces has a negative impact on nurses, their families, multidisciplinary teams, patient care and the profession. This paper compares the experiences of Australian and UK baccalaureate nursing students in relation to bullying and harassment during clinical placement. A secondary analysis was conducted on two primary cross-sectional studies of bullying experiences of Australian and UK nursing students. Data were collected using the Student Experience of Bullying during Clinical Placement (SEBDCP) questionnaire and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The total sample was 833 Australian and 561 UK students. Australian nursing students experienced a higher rate of bullying (50.1%) than UK students (35.5%). Students identified other nurses as the main perpetrators (Aust 53%, UK 68%), although patients were the main source of physical acts of bullying. Few bullied students chose to report the episode/s. The main reason for non-reporting was fear of being victimised. Sadly, some students felt bullying and harassment was 'part of the job'. A culture of bullying in nursing persists internationally. Nursing students are vulnerable and can question their future in the 'caring' profession of nursing after experiencing and/or witnessing bullying during clinical placement. Bullying requires a zero tolerance approach. Education providers must develop clearer policies and implement procedures to protect students - the future nursing workforce. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cyclic sedimentation, synsedimentary volcanism, microfabrics, and fracture intensity in the Austin Chalk, Texas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hovorka, S.D.

1992-01-01

Pelagic depositional environments of the Austin Chalk (Coniacian-Santonian) were influenced by sea-level variation, planktonic productivity, and allochthonous detrital input. Subtle differences in chalk facies influence fracture intensity, therefore imposing stratigraphic variability on hydrologic properties of the Austin Chalk. Variations in fracture intensity may affect ground-water flow through the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) site south of Dallas in the same way that they influence hydrocarbon production in South Texas. The lower Austin Chalk was deposited during transgression. Glauconitic sandstone is overlain by cyclic chalk containing chalk-filled channels. Meter-thick chalk/marl cycles have frequencies in the Milankovitch spectrum. Marl accumulated during episodes ofmore » decreased planktonic productivity. Maximum flooding is indicated by organic-rich marls in the upper part of the Lower Austin Chalk. Shallowing during deposition of the middle and upper Austin Chalk is indicated by increasing abundance of winnowed lag deposits and firm grounds, resulting in increased faunal diversity. Authigenic clay, a product of alteration of volcanic ash codeposited with the chalk and marl, increases ductility in the middle Austin Chalk. The stratigraphic distribution of authigenic clay corresponds to disseminated biotite, quartz, and feldspar phenocrysts in most samples of the middle Austing Chalk. Authigenic clay decreases porosity, influences porosity-permeability relationships, and provides a regionally traceable low SP log response that correlates with low fracture intensity.« less

The spot sign and tranexamic acid on preventing ICH growth--AUStralasia Trial (STOP-AUST): protocol of a phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial.

PubMed

Meretoja, Atte; Churilov, Leonid; Campbell, Bruce C V; Aviv, Richard I; Yassi, Nawaf; Barras, Christen; Mitchell, Peter; Yan, Bernard; Nandurkar, Harshal; Bladin, Christopher; Wijeratne, Tissa; Spratt, Neil J; Jannes, Jim; Sturm, Jonathan; Rupasinghe, Jayantha; Zavala, Jorge; Lee, Andrew; Kleinig, Timothy; Markus, Romesh; Delcourt, Candice; Mahant, Neil; Parsons, Mark W; Levi, Christopher; Anderson, Craig S; Donnan, Geoffrey A; Davis, Stephen M

2014-06-01

No evidence-based acute therapies exist for intracerebral hemorrhage. Intracerebral hemorrhage growth is an important determinant of patient outcome. Tranexamic acid is known to reduce hemorrhage in other conditions. The study aims to test the hypothesis that intracerebral hemorrhage patients selected with computed tomography angiography contrast extravasation 'spot sign' will have lower rates of hematoma growth when treated with intravenous tranexamic acid within 4.5-hours of stroke onset compared with placebo. The Spot sign and Tranexamic acid On Preventing ICH growth--AUStralasia Trial is a multicenter, prospective, 1:1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, investigator-initiated, academic Phase II trial. Intracerebral hemorrhage patients fulfilling clinical criteria (e.g. Glasgow Coma Scale >7, intracerebral hemorrhage volume <70 ml, no identified secondary cause of intracerebral hemorrhage, no thrombotic events within the previous 12 months, no planned surgery) and demonstrating contrast extravasation on computed tomography angiography will receive either intravenous tranexamic acid 1 g 10-min bolus followed by 1 g eight-hour infusion or placebo. A second computed tomography will be performed at 24 ± 3 hours to evaluate intracerebral hemorrhage growth and patients followed up for three-months. The primary outcome measure is presence of intracerebral hemorrhage growth by 24 ± 3 hours, defined as either >33% or >6 ml increase from baseline, and will be adjusted for baseline intracerebral hemorrhage volume. Secondary outcome measures include growth as a continuous measure, thromboembolic events, and the three-month modified Rankin Scale score. This is the first trial to evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid in intracerebral hemorrhage patients selected based on an imaging biomarker of high likelihood of hematoma growth. The trial is registered as NCT01702636. © 2013 The Authors. International Journal of Stroke © 2013 World Stroke Organization.

Modification de l'état d'ordre local d'alliages austénitiques Fe-Cr-Ni au cours de la déformation plastique par traction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aïdi, B.; Bertrand, C.; Viltange, M.; Dimitrov, O.

1993-09-01

The influence of plastic deformation, by extension at room temperature, on electrical resistivity has been determined in four austenitic Fe-Cr-Ni alloys with 16 wt% Cr and 20, 25, 45 or 75 wt% Ni, in two different states of local order. Two experimental methods have been used (4.2 K resistance measurements before and after deformation, continuous resistance measurements during room-temperature extension tests); the possibilities of the second method and the corrections to be applied are particularly discussed. Resistivity is found to slightly increase at the beginning of deformation ( e < 0.05), then to strongly decrease. The amplitude of the observed effects increases with the nickel content, and with the initial degree of local order. In the high deformation range ( e = 0.15), the resistivity decrease varies linearly with the initial contribution of local order to electrical resistivity. These effects are attributed to a destruction of the local order existing in the solid solutions, by the glide of dislocations during plastic deformation.

Snow measurement system for airborne snow surveys (GPR system from helicopter) in high mountian areas.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sorteberg, Hilleborg K.

2010-05-01

In the hydropower industry, it is important to have precise information about snow deposits at all times, to allow for effective planning and optimal use of the water. In Norway, it is common to measure snow density using a manual method, i.e. the depth and weight of the snow is measured. In recent years, radar measurements have been taken from snowmobiles; however, few energy supply companies use this method operatively - it has mostly been used in connection with research projects. Agder Energi is the first Norwegian power producer in using radar tecnology from helicopter in monitoring mountain snow levels. Measurement accuracy is crucial when obtaining input data for snow reservoir estimates. Radar screening by helicopter makes remote areas more easily accessible and provides larger quantities of data than traditional ground level measurement methods. In order to draw up a snow survey system, it is assumed as a basis that the snow distribution is influenced by vegetation, climate and topography. In order to take these factors into consideration, a snow survey system for fields in high mountain areas has been designed in which the data collection is carried out by following the lines of a grid system. The lines of this grid system is placed in order to effectively capture the distribution of elevation, x-coordinates, y-coordinates, aspect, slope and curvature in the field. Variation in climatic conditions are also captured better when using a grid, and dominant weather patterns will largely be captured in this measurement system.

Measuring outcomes of community aged care programs: challenges, opportunities and the Australian Community Outcomes Measurement ACCOM tool.

PubMed

Cardona, Beatriz

2018-05-29

Measuring health and wellbeing outcomes of community aged care programs is a complex task given the diverse settings in which care takes place and the intersection of numerous factors affecting an individual's quality of life outcomes. Knowledge of a strong causal relationship between services provided and the final outcome enables confidence in assuming the care provided was largely responsible for the outcome achieved (Courtney et al., Aust J Adv Nurs 26:49-57, 2009). The Department of Health has recently reported on the findings of The National Aged Care Quality Indicator Program - Home Care Pilot (KPMG, National Aged Care Quality Indicator Program - Home Care Pilot, 2017). The Program sought to test various tools to measure quality of life outcomes of their community aged care programs. Some of the key issues raised in the study reiterate the findings from The Australian Community Care Outcome Measurement (ACCOM) pilot study (Cardona et al., Australas J Ageing 36: 69-71, 2017), including the value of the ASCOT SCT4 tool (Adult Social care Outcomes Toolkit, http://www.pssru.ac.uk/ascot/downloads/questionnaires/sct4.pdf ) to measure social care related quality of life (SCRQoL) in community aged care programs in the Australian context, the collection of additional data to map the relationship of various variables such as functional ability, demographic characteristics and quality of life scores and the governance and administration of measurement tools for the purpose of quality reporting and consumer choice.

Etude analytique et numérique de la réponse en vibration à hautes fréquences d'éprouvettes de fatigue vibratoire des métaux. Application aux aciers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ben Aich, A.; El Kihel, B.; Kifani, A.; Sahban, F.

1994-07-01

In the present paper, the so-called " ultrasonic fatigue " or fatigue at very high frequency has been studied in the materials elastic behaviour case while neglecting the thermal effects that influence the mechanical fields. The determination of mechanical fields and specimen resonance length has been done both analytically and numerically. The numerical method used for this calculation is the finite element method (FEM). Martensitic steel " Soleil A2 " and austenitic steel " ICL 472 BC " have been considered in order to compare the two methods (analytical and numerical). It is shown that a perfect convergence is obtained between the two solutions. Dans le présent travail, la fatigue vibratoire a été étudiée dans le cas du comportement élastique des matériaux en négligeant les effets thermiques pouvant influencer les champs mécaniques. La détermination de ces champs et de la longueur de résonance des éprouvettes de fatigue a été faite analytiquement et numériquement. Le calcul numérique effectué se base sur la méthode des éléments finis. Dans le but d'une comparaison des solutions analytiques et numériques, deux aciers ont été considérés : un acier martensitique (Soleil A2) et un acier austénitique de type 18-10 (ICL 472 BC). Une parfaite convergence est obtenue entre les deux solutions.

Radiocarbon Dating the Anthropocene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chaput, M. A.; Gajewski, K. J.

2015-12-01

The Anthropocene has no agreed start date since current suggestions for its beginning range from Pre-Industrial times to the Industrial Revolution, and from the mid-twentieth century to the future. To set the boundary of the Anthropocene in geological time, we must first understand when, how and to what extent humans began altering the Earth system. One aspect of this involves reconstructing the effects of prehistoric human activity on the physical landscape. However, for global reconstructions of land use and land cover change to be more accurately interpreted in the context of human interaction with the landscape, large-scale spatio-temporal demographic changes in prehistoric populations must be known. Estimates of the relative number of prehistoric humans in different regions of the world and at different moments in time are needed. To this end, we analyze a dataset of radiocarbon dates from the Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database (CARD), the Palaeolithic Database of Europe and the AustArch Database of Australia, as well as published dates from South America. This is the first time such a large quantity of dates (approximately 60,000) has been mapped and studied at a global scale. Initial results from the analysis of temporal frequency distributions of calibrated radiocarbon dates, assumed to be proportional to population density, will be discussed. The utility of radiocarbon dates in studies of the Anthropocene will be evaluated and potential links between population density and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, climate, migration patterning and fire frequency coincidence will be considered.

Multicenter accuracy and interobserver agreement of spot sign identification in acute intracerebral hemorrhage.

PubMed

Huynh, Thien J; Flaherty, Matthew L; Gladstone, David J; Broderick, Joseph P; Demchuk, Andrew M; Dowlatshahi, Dar; Meretoja, Atte; Davis, Stephen M; Mitchell, Peter J; Tomlinson, George A; Chenkin, Jordan; Chia, Tze L; Symons, Sean P; Aviv, Richard I

2014-01-01

Rapid, accurate, and reliable identification of the computed tomography angiography spot sign is required to identify patients with intracerebral hemorrhage for trials of acute hemostatic therapy. We sought to assess the accuracy and interobserver agreement for spot sign identification. A total of 131 neurology, emergency medicine, and neuroradiology staff and fellows underwent imaging certification for spot sign identification before enrolling patients in 3 trials targeting spot-positive intracerebral hemorrhage for hemostatic intervention (STOP-IT, SPOTLIGHT, STOP-AUST). Ten intracerebral hemorrhage cases (spot-positive/negative ratio, 1:1) were presented for evaluation of spot sign presence, number, and mimics. True spot positivity was determined by consensus of 2 experienced neuroradiologists. Diagnostic performance, agreement, and differences by training level were analyzed. Mean accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for spot sign identification were 87%, 78%, and 96%, respectively. Overall sensitivity was lower than specificity (P<0.001) because of true spot signs incorrectly perceived as spot mimics. Interobserver agreement for spot sign presence was moderate (k=0.60). When true spots were correctly identified, 81% correctly identified the presence of single or multiple spots. Median time needed to evaluate the presence of a spot sign was 1.9 minutes (interquartile range, 1.2-3.1 minutes). Diagnostic performance, interobserver agreement, and time needed for spot sign evaluation were similar among staff physicians and fellows. Accuracy for spot identification is high with opportunity for improvement in spot interpretation sensitivity and interobserver agreement particularly through greater reliance on computed tomography angiography source data and awareness of limitations of multiplanar images. Further prospective study is needed.

The positive impact of structured teaching in the operating room.

PubMed

Leung, Yee; Salfinger, Stuart; Mercer, Annette

2015-12-01

A survey of obstetric and gynaecology trainees in Australia found the trainee's opinion of the consultants' teaching ability for laparoscopic procedures and procedures dealing with complications as 'poor' in 21.2% and 23.4% of responses, respectively (Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 49: 84). Surgical caseload per trainee is falling for a variety of reasons. Strategies need to be adopted to enhance the surgical learning experience of trainees in the operating room. We describe the use of a structured encounter template to facilitate the teaching of surgery in the operating room and report the response of the trainees to this intervention. Trainees attached to a gynaecologic surgery unit all underwent surgical training using a set format based on the surgical encounter template, including briefing, goal setting and intra-operative teaching aims as well as debriefing. Data on the trainees' experience and perception of their learning experience were then collected and analysed as quantitative and qualitative data sets. The trainees reported satisfaction with the use of a structured encounter template to facilitate the surgical teaching in the operating room. Some trainees had not received such clarity of feedback or the opportunity to complete a procedure independently prior to using the structured encounter template. A structured surgical encounter template based on andragogy principles to focus consultant teaching in the operating room is highly acceptable to obstetric and gynaecology trainees in Australia. Allowing the trainee the opportunity to set objectives and receive feedback empowers the trainee and enhances their educational experience. © 2015 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.

PREFACE: Counting Complexity: An international workshop on statistical mechanics and combinatorics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Gier, Jan; Warnaar, Ole

2006-07-01

On 10-15 July 2005 the conference `Counting Complexity: An international workshop on statistical mechanics and combinatorics' was held on Dunk Island, Queensland, Australia in celebration of Tony Guttmann's 60th birthday. Dunk Island provided the perfect setting for engaging in almost all of Tony's life-long passions: swimming, running, food, wine and, of course, plenty of mathematics and physics. The conference was attended by many of Tony's close scientific friends from all over the world, and most talks were presented by his past and present collaborators. This volume contains the proceedings of the meeting and consists of 24 refereed research papers in the fields of statistical mechanics, condensed matter physics and combinatorics. These papers provide an excellent illustration of the breadth and scope of Tony's work. The very first contribution, written by Stu Whittington, contains an overview of the many scientific achievements of Tony over the past 40 years in mathematics and physics. The organizing committee, consisting of Richard Brak, Aleks Owczarek, Jan de Gier, Emma Lockwood, Andrew Rechnitzer and Ole Warnaar, gratefully acknowledges the Australian Mathematical Society (AustMS), the Australian Mathematical Sciences Institute (AMSI), the ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematics and Statistics of Complex Systems (MASCOS), the ARC Complex Open Systems Research Network (COSNet), the Institute of Physics (IOP) and the Department of Mathematics and Statistics of The University of Melbourne for financial support in organizing the conference. Tony, we hope that your future years in mathematics will be numerous. Count yourself lucky! Tony Guttman

Quantitative Detection of the nosZ Gene, Encoding Nitrous Oxide Reductase, and Comparison of the Abundances of 16S rRNA, narG, nirK, and nosZ Genes in Soils

PubMed Central

Henry, S.; Bru, D.; Stres, B.; Hallet, S.; Philippot, L.

2006-01-01

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas in the troposphere controlling ozone concentration in the stratosphere through nitric oxide production. In order to quantify bacteria capable of N2O reduction, we developed a SYBR green quantitative real-time PCR assay targeting the nosZ gene encoding the catalytic subunit of the nitrous oxide reductase. Two independent sets of nosZ primers flanking the nosZ fragment previously used in diversity studies were designed and tested (K. Kloos, A. Mergel, C. Rösch, and H. Bothe, Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 28:991-998, 2001). The utility of these real-time PCR assays was demonstrated by quantifying the nosZ gene present in six different soils. Detection limits were between 101 and 102 target molecules per reaction for all assays. Sequence analysis of 128 cloned quantitative PCR products confirmed the specificity of the designed primers. The abundance of nosZ genes ranged from 105 to 107 target copies g−1 of dry soil, whereas genes for 16S rRNA were found at 108 to 109 target copies g−1 of dry soil. The abundance of narG and nirK genes was within the upper and lower limits of the 16S rRNA and nosZ gene copy numbers. The two sets of nosZ primers gave similar gene copy numbers for all tested soils. The maximum abundance of nosZ and nirK relative to 16S rRNA was 5 to 6%, confirming the low proportion of denitrifiers to total bacteria in soils. PMID:16885263

Of risks and regulations: how leading U.S. nanoscientists form policy stances about nanotechnology

PubMed Central

Scheufele, Dietram A.; Hu, Qian

2009-01-01

Even though there is a high degree of scientific uncertainty about the risks of nanotechnology, many scholars have argued that policy-making cannot be placed on hold until risk assessments are complete (Faunce, Med J Aust 186(4):189–191, 2007; Kuzma, J Nanopart Res 9(1):165–182, 2007; O’Brien and Cummins, Hum Ecol Risk Assess 14(3):568–592, 2008; Powell et al., Environ Manag 42(3):426–443, 2008). In the absence of risk assessment data, decision makers often rely on scientists’ input about risks and regulation to make policy decisions. The research we present here goes beyond the earlier descriptive studies about nanotechnology regulation to explore the heuristics that the leading U.S. nanoscientists use when they make policy decisions about regulating nanotechnology. In particular, we explore the relationship between nanoscientists’ risk and benefit perceptions and their support for nanotech regulation. We conclude that nanoscientists are more supportive of regulating nanotechnology when they perceive higher levels of risks; yet, their perceived benefits about nanotechnology do not significantly impact their support for nanotech regulation. We also find some gender and disciplinary differences among the nanoscientists. Males are less supportive of nanotech regulation than their female peers and materials scientists are more supportive of nanotechnology regulation than scientists in other fields. Lastly, our findings illustrate that the leading U.S. nanoscientists see the areas of surveillance/privacy, human enhancement, medicine, and environment as the nanotech application areas that are most in need of new regulations. PMID:21170136

Socioeconomic differences in selected dietary habits among Norwegian 13–14 year-olds: a cross-sectional study

PubMed Central

Skårdal, Madelene; Western, Inger Mari; Ask, Anne M. S.; Øverby, Nina C.

2014-01-01

Background Social inequalities in health are a major and even growing problem in all European countries. Objective The aim of the present study was to describe 1) differences in dietary habits among Norwegian adolescents by gender and socioeconomic status; 2) differences in self-reported knowledge of dietary guidelines among their parents according to socioeconomic status. Design In 2012, a cross-sectional study where students filled in a web-based food frequency questionnaire at school was conducted in nine lower secondary schools in Vest-Agder County, Norway. Socioeconomic status (SES) and knowledge of dietary guidelines were obtained from the parents using a web-based questionnaire. In total, 517 ninth-grade students (mean age 13.9) out of 742 invited students participated in the study, giving a participation rate of 69.7%. The total number of dyads with information on both parents and students was 308 (41.5%). Results The findings indicate that there is a tendency for girls to have a healthier diet than boys, with greater intake of fruits and vegetables (girls intake in median 3.5 units per day and boys 2.9 units per day), and lower intake of soft drinks (girls 0.25 l in median versus boys 0.5 l per week). Students from families with higher SES reported a significant higher intake of vegetables and fish, and lower intake of soft drinks and fast food than those from lower SES. Parents with higher SES reported a significantly better knowledge of dietary guidelines compared to those with lower SES. Conclusions Differences in dietary habits were found between groups of students by gender and SES. Differences were also found in parents’ self-reported knowledge of dietary guidelines. This social patterning should be recognized in public health interventions. PMID:25140123

Substance abuse in pregnant women. Experiences from a special child welfare clinic in Norway

PubMed Central

Hjerkinn, Bjørg; Lindbæk, Morten; Rosvold, Elin Olaug

2007-01-01

Background Substance abuse during pregnancy may harm the foetus and can cause neonatal abstinence syndrome. Exposure to alcohol and other substances can influence the child for the rest of its life. A special child welfare clinic was set up in 1994 in Kristiansand, Norway, targeting pregnant women with substance abuse problems in the county of Vest-Agder. Pregnancy is not an indication for opioid replacement therapy in Norway, and one of the clinic's aims was to support the drug dependent women through their pregnancy without any replacements. The object of this paper is to describe concurrent health and social problems, as well as the predictors for stopping drug abuse, in the clinic's user group. Methods Retrospective cohort study. Data was gathered from the medical records of all 102 women seen in the clinic in the period between 1992 and 2002. The study includes 59 out of 60 women that were followed until their children were two years old or placed in alternative care, and a comparison group of twice the size. Both groups were presented with a questionnaire concerning both the pregnancy and health and socio-economic issues. Results Four (4.5 percent) of the women that completed their pregnancies did not manage to reduce their substance abuse. All the others reduced their substance abuse considerably. The odds ratio for stopping substance abuse within the first trimester was significantly associated with stopping smoking (O.R. 9.7) or being victims of rape (O.R. 5.3). Conclusion A low cost and low threshold initiative organised as a child welfare clinic may support women with substance abuse problems in their efforts to stop or reduce their substance abuse during pregnancy. PMID:17996120

Three phenanthroline–metal complexes with topologically similar but geometrically different conformations

PubMed Central

Harvey, Miguel Angel; Suarez, Sebastián; Baggio, Ricardo

2016-01-01

The structures of three related complexes of general formula M(pds)(nab)2 [pds is the peroxodi­sulfate anion and nab is an nitro­gen-containing aromatic base], viz. bis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)(peroxodi­sulfato-κ2 O,O′)cadmium, [Cd(S2O8)(C14H12N2)2], (V), bis­(3,4,7,8-tetra­methy-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)(peroxodi­sulfato-κ2 O,O′)zinc, [Zn(S2O8)(C16H16N2)2], (VI), and bis­(3,4,7,8-tetra­methy-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)(peroxodi­sulfato-κ2 O,O′)cadmium, [Cd(S2O8)(C16H16N2)2], (VII), present the same topological coordination, with three chelating ligands in an MN4O2 polyhedron. The main difference resides in the fact that the first two complexes are bis­ected by a crystallographic twofold axis, thus providing a symmetrical environment to the cation, while in the third one this symmetry is disrupted into a clearly unsymmetrical disposition, probably by way of an unusually strong intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond. The situation is compared with similar inter­actions in the literature. The structure of (V) is based on a redetermination in the correct space group C2/c of the structure originally described in the Cc space group [Harvey et al. (2001). Aust. J. Chem. 54, 307–311; Marsh (2004 ▸). Acta Cryst. B60, 252–253]. PMID:27840713

A device to improve the Schleger and Turner method for sweating rate measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pereira, Alfredo Manuel Franco; Alves, Alexandre; Infante, Paulo; Titto, Evaldo A. L.; Baccari, Flávio; Almeida, J. A. Afonso

2010-01-01

The objective of this study was to test a device developed to improve the functionality, accuracy and precision of the original technique for sweating rate measurements proposed by Schleger and Turner [Schleger AV, Turner HG (1965) Aust J Agric Res 16:92-106]. A device was built for this purpose and tested against the original Schleger and Turner technique. Testing was performed by measuring sweating rates in an experiment involving six Mertolenga heifers subjected to four different thermal levels in a climatic chamber. The device exhibited no functional problems and the results obtained with its use were more consistent than with the Schleger and Turner technique. There was no difference in the reproducibility of the two techniques (same accuracy), but measurements performed with the new device had lower repeatability, corresponding to lower variability and, consequently, to higher precision. When utilizing this device, there is no need for physical contact between the operator and the animal to maintain the filter paper discs in position. This has important advantages: the animals stay quieter, and several animals can be evaluated simultaneously. This is a major advantage because it allows more measurements to be taken in a given period of time, increasing the precision of the observations and diminishing the error associated with temporal hiatus (e.g., the solar angle during field studies). The new device has higher functional versatility when taking measurements in large-scale studies (many animals) under field conditions. The results obtained in this study suggest that the technique using the device presented here could represent an advantageous alternative to the original technique described by Schleger and Turner.

Comparison of culture and a novel 5' Taq nuclease assay for direct detection of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis in clinical specimens from cattle.

PubMed

McMillen, Lyle; Fordyce, Geoffry; Doogan, Vivienne J; Lew, Ala E

2006-03-01

A Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis-specific 5' Taq nuclease PCR assay using a 3' minor groove binder-DNA probe (TaqMan MGB) was developed based on a subspecies-specific fragment of unknown identity (S. Hum, K. Quinn, J. Brunner, and S. L. On, Aust. Vet. J. 75:827-831, 1997). The assay specifically detected four C. fetus subsp. venerealis strains with no observed cross-reaction with C. fetus subsp. fetus-related Campylobacter species or other bovine venereal microflora. The 5' Taq nuclease assay detected approximately one single cell compared to 100 and 10 cells in the conventional PCR assay and 2,500 and 25,000 cells from selective culture from inoculated smegma and mucus, respectively. The respective detection limits following the enrichments from smegma and mucus were 5,000 and 50 cells/inoculum for the conventional PCR compared to 500 and 50 cells/inoculum for the 5' Taq nuclease assay. Field sampling confirmed the sensitivity and the specificity of the 5' Taq nuclease assay by detecting an additional 40 bulls that were not detected by culture. Urine-inoculated samples demonstrated comparable detection of C. fetus subsp. venerealis by both culture and the 5' Taq nuclease assay; however, urine was found to be less effective than smegma for bull sampling. Three infected bulls were tested repetitively to compare sampling tools, and the bull rasper proved to be the most suitable, as evidenced by the improved ease of specimen collection and the consistent detection of higher levels of C. fetus subsp. venerealis. The 5' Taq nuclease assay demonstrates a statistically significant association with culture (chi2 = 29.8; P < 0.001) and significant improvements for the detection of C. fetus subsp. venerealis-infected animals from crude clinical extracts following prolonged transport.

Altitude Wind Tunnel Drive Fan being Assembled

NASA Image and Video Library

1943-07-21

National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) engineers assembled the Altitude Wind Tunnel’s (AWT) large wooden drive fan inside the hangar at the Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory. When it was built at the in the early 1940s the AWT was among the most complex test facilities ever designed. It was the first wind tunnel capable of operating full-scale engines under realistic flight conditions. This simulation included the reduction of air temperature, a decrease in air pressure, and the creation of an airstream velocity of up to 500 miles per hour. The AWT was constructed in 1942 and 1943. This photograph shows NACA engineers Lou Hermann and Jack Aust assembling the tunnel’s drive fan inside the hangar. The 12-bladed, 31-foot-diameter spruce wood fan would soon be installed inside the wind tunnel to create the high-speed airflow. This massive propeller was designed and constructed by the engine lab's design team at Langley Field. John Breisch, a Langley technician with several years of wind tunnel installation experience, arrived in Cleveland at the time of this photograph to supervise the fan assembly inside the hangar. He would return several weeks later to oversee the actual installation in the tunnel. The fan was driven at 410 revolutions per minute by an 18,000-horsepower General Electric induction motor that was located in the rear corner of the Exhauster Building. An extension shaft connected the motor to the fan. A bronze screen protected the fan against damage from failed engine parts sailing through the tunnel. Despite this screen the blades did become worn or cracked over time and had to be replaced. An entire new fan was installed in 1951.

Within-host whole genome analysis of an antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain sub-type in cystic fibrosis.

PubMed

Sherrard, Laura J; Tai, Anna S; Wee, Bryan A; Ramsay, Kay A; Kidd, Timothy J; Ben Zakour, Nouri L; Whiley, David M; Beatson, Scott A; Bell, Scott C

2017-01-01

A Pseudomonas aeruginosa AUST-02 strain sub-type (M3L7) has been identified in Australia, infects the lungs of some people with cystic fibrosis and is associated with antibiotic resistance. Multiple clonal lineages may emerge during treatment with mutations in chromosomally encoded antibiotic resistance genes commonly observed. Here we describe the within-host diversity and antibiotic resistance of M3L7 during and after antibiotic treatment of an acute pulmonary exacerbation using whole genome sequencing and show both variation and shared mutations in important genes. Eleven isolates from an M3L7 population (n = 134) isolated over 3 months from an individual with cystic fibrosis underwent whole genome sequencing. A phylogeny based on core genome SNPs identified three distinct phylogenetic groups comprising two groups with higher rates of mutation (hypermutators) and one non-hypermutator group. Genomes were screened for acquired antibiotic resistance genes with the result suggesting that M3L7 resistance is principally driven by chromosomal mutations as no acquired mechanisms were detected. Small genetic variations, shared by all 11 isolates, were found in 49 genes associated with antibiotic resistance including frame-shift mutations (mexA, mexT), premature stop codons (oprD, mexB) and mutations in quinolone-resistance determining regions (gyrA, parE). However, whole genome sequencing also revealed mutations in 21 genes that were acquired following divergence of groups, which may also impact the activity of antibiotics and multi-drug efflux pumps. Comparison of mutations with minimum inhibitory concentrations of anti-pseudomonal antibiotics could not easily explain all resistance profiles observed. These data further demonstrate the complexity of chronic and antibiotic resistant P. aeruginosa infection where a multitude of co-existing genotypically diverse sub-lineages might co-exist during and after intravenous antibiotic treatment.

Effective recruitment strategies in primary care research: a systematic review.

PubMed

Ngune, Irene; Jiwa, Moyez; Dadich, Ann; Lotriet, Jaco; Sriram, Deepa

2012-01-01

Patient recruitment in primary care research is often a protracted and frustrating process, affecting project timeframes, budget and the dissemination of research findings. Yet, clear guidance on patient recruitment strategies in primary care research is limited. This paper addresses this issue through a systematic review. Articles were sourced from five academic databases - AustHealth, CINAHL, the Cochrane Methodology Group, EMBASE and PubMed/Medline; grey literature was also sourced from an academic library and the Primary Healthcare Research & Information Service (PHCRIS) website. Two reviewers independently screened the articles using the following criteria: (1) published in English, (2) reported empirical research, (3) focused on interventions designed to increase patient recruitment in primary care settings, and (4) reported patient recruitment in primary care settings. Sixty-six articles met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 23 specifically focused on recruitment strategies and included randomised trials (n = 7), systematic reviews (n = 8) and qualitative studies (n = 8). Of the remaining articles, 30 evaluated recruitment strategies, while 13 addressed the value of recruitment strategies using descriptive statistics and/or qualitative data. Among the 66 articles, primary care chiefly included general practice (n = 30); nursing and allied health services, multiple settings, as well as other community settings (n = 30); and pharmacy (n = 6). Effective recruitment strategies included the involvement of a discipline champion, simple patient eligibility criteria, patient incentives and organisational strategies that reduce practitioner workload. The most effective recruitment in primary care research requires practitioner involvement. The active participation of primary care practitioners in both the design and conduct of research helps to identify strategies that are congruent with the context in which patient care is delivered. This is reported to be the

Social networks and mental health among a farming population.

PubMed

Stain, Helen J; Kelly, Brian; Lewin, Terry J; Higginbotham, Nick; Beard, John R; Hourihan, Fleur

2008-10-01

The study investigated the associations between mental health and measures of community support, social support networks, sense of place, adversity, and perceived problems in a rural Australian population. There was a specific focus on farming communities due to previous qualitative research by the authors indicating distress by farmers in response to drought (Sartore et al. Aust Fam Phys 36(12), 990-993, 2007). A survey was mailed to adults randomly selected from the Australian Electoral Roll and residing within four local government areas (LGAs) of varying remoteness in rural New South Wales (NSW). Survey measures included: support networks and community attachment; recent stressors (including drought-related stress); and measures of health and related functioning. The Kessler-10 provided an index of current psychological distress. The sample (n = 449; response rate 24%) was predominantly female (58.4%) and 18.9% were farmers or farm workers. Moderate to very high psychological distress was reported for 20.7% of the sample. Half (56.1%) of all respondents, and specifically 71.8% of farmers or farm workers, reported high levels of perceived stress due to drought. Psychological distress was associated with recent adverse life events, increased alcohol use and functional impairment. Hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated an independent effect of the number of stressful life events including drought related stress, perceived social support (community and individual), alcohol use and physical functioning ability on levels of psychological distress. This model accounted for 43% of the variance in current levels of distress. Lower community support had a more marked impact on distress levels for non-farming than farming participants. This study has highlighted the association between unique rural community characteristics and rural stressors (such as drought) and measures of mental health, suggesting the important mediating role of social factors and community

Pregnancy outcome and ultraviolet radiation; A systematic review

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Megaw, Lauren, E-mail: lauren.megaw@ed.ac.uk

Background: Season and vitamin D are indirect and direct correlates of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and are associated with pregnancy outcomes. Further to producing vitamin D, UV has positive effects on cardiovascular and immune health that may support a role for UV directly benefitting pregnancy. Objectives: To investigate the effects of UV exposure on pregnancy; specifically fetal growth, preterm birth and hypertensive complications. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of Medline, EMBASE, DoPHER, Global Health, ProQuest Public Health, AustHealth Informit, SCOPUS and Google Scholar to identify 537 citations, 8 of which are included in this review. This review was registered onmore » PROSPERO and a. narrative synthesis is presented following PRISMA guidance. Results: All studies were observational and assessed at high risk of bias. Higher first trimester UV was associated with and improved fetal growth and increased hypertension in pregnancy. Interpretation is limited by study design and quality. Meta-analysis was precluded by the variety of outcomes and methods. Discussion: The low number of studies and risk of bias limit the validity of any conclusions. Environmental health methodological issues are discussed with consideration given to design and analytical improvements to further address this reproductive environmental health question. Conclusions: The evidence for UV having benefits for pregnancy hypertension and fetal growth is limited by the methodological approaches utilized. Future epidemiological efforts should focus on improving the methods of modeling and linking widely available environmental data to reproductive health outcomes. - Highlights: • Biologically plausible pathways support an association between ultraviolet radiation (UV) and pregnancy outcomes. • This study is the first systematic review of prevailing literature on the relationship between UV and singleton pregnancy outcomes. • It focuses on both substantive findings and the

Langmuir-Blodgett and X-ray diffraction studies of isolated photosystem II reaction centers in monolayers and multilayers: physical dimensions of the complex.

PubMed

Uphaus, R A; Fang, J Y; Picorel, R; Chumanov, G; Wang, J Y; Cotton, T M; Seibert, M

1997-04-01

The photosystem II (PSII) reaction center (RC) is a hydrophobic intrinsic protein complex that drives the water-oxidation process of photosynthesis. Unlike the bacterial RC complex, an X-ray crystal structure of the PSII RC is not available. In order to determine the physical dimensions of the isolated PSII RC complex, we applied Langmuir techniques to determine the cross-sectional area of an isolated RC in a condensed monolayer film. Low-angle X-ray diffraction results obtained by examining Langmuir-Blodgett multilayer films of alternating PSII RC/Cd stearate monolayers were used to determine the length (or height; z-direction, perpendicular to the plane of the original membrane) of the complex. The values obtained for a PSII RC monomer were 26 nm2 and 4.8 nm, respectively, and the structural integrity of the RC in the multilayer film was confirmed by several approaches. Assuming a cylindrical-type RC structure, the above dimensions lead to a predicted volume of about 125 nm3. This value is very close to the expected volume of 118 nm3, calculated from the known molecular weight and partial specific volume of the PSII RC proteins. This same type of comparison was also made with the Rhodobacter sphaeroides RC based on published data, and we conclude that the PSII RC is much shorter in length and has a more regular solid geometric structure than the bacterial RC. Furthermore, the above dimensions of the PSII RC and those of PSII core (RC plus proximal antenna) proteins protruding outside the plane of the PSII membrane into the lumenal space as imaged by scanning tunneling microscopy (Seibert, Aust. J. Pl. Physiol. 22, 161-166, 1995) fit easily into the known dimensions of the PSII core complex visualized by others as electron-density projection maps. From this we conclude that the in situ PSII core complex is a dimeric structure containing two copies of the PSII RC.

Transitioning adolescent and young adults with chronic disease and/or disabilities from paediatric to adult care services - an integrative review.

PubMed

Zhou, Huaqiong; Roberts, Pamela; Dhaliwal, Satvinder; Della, Phillip

2016-11-01

This paper aims to provide an updated comprehensive review of the research-based evidence related to the transitions of care process for adolescents and young adults with chronic illness/disabilities since 2010. Transitioning adolescent and young adults with chronic disease and/or disabilities to adult care services is a complex process, which requires coordination and continuity of health care. The quality of the transition process not only impacts on special health care needs of the patients, but also their psychosocial development. Inconsistent evidence was found regarding the process of transitioning adolescent and young adults. An integrative review was conducted using a five-stage process: problem identification, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis and presentation. A search was carried out using the EBSCOhost, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and AustHealth, from 2010 to 31 October 2014. The key search terms were (adolescent or young adult) AND (chronic disease or long-term illness/conditions or disability) AND (transition to adult care or continuity of patient care or transfer or transition). A total of 5719 records were initially identified. After applying the inclusion criteria a final 61 studies were included. Six main categories derived from the data synthesis process are Timing of transition; Perceptions of the transition; Preparation for the transition; Patients' outcomes post-transition; Barriers to the transition; and Facilitating factors to the transition. A further 15 subcategories also surfaced. In the last five years, there has been improvement in health outcomes of adolescent and young adults post-transition by applying a structured multidisciplinary transition programme, especially for patients with cystic fibrosis and diabetes. However, overall patients' outcomes after being transited to adult health care services, if recorded, have remained poor both physically and psychosocially. An accurate tracking mechanism needs to be

Estimation of completeness magnitude with a Bayesian modeling of daily and weekly variations in earthquake detectability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iwata, T.

2014-12-01

In the analysis of seismic activity, assessment of earthquake detectability of a seismic network is a fundamental issue. For this assessment, the completeness magnitude Mc, the minimum magnitude above which all earthquakes are recorded, is frequently estimated. In most cases, Mc is estimated for an earthquake catalog of duration longer than several weeks. However, owing to human activity, noise level in seismic data is higher on weekdays than on weekends, so that earthquake detectability has a weekly variation [e.g., Atef et al., 2009, BSSA]; the consideration of such a variation makes a significant contribution to the precise assessment of earthquake detectability and Mc. For a quantitative evaluation of the weekly variation, we introduced the statistical model of a magnitude-frequency distribution of earthquakes covering an entire magnitude range [Ogata & Katsura, 1993, GJI]. The frequency distribution is represented as the product of the Gutenberg-Richter law and a detection rate function. Then, the weekly variation in one of the model parameters, which corresponds to the magnitude where the detection rate of earthquakes is 50%, was estimated. Because earthquake detectability also have a daily variation [e.g., Iwata, 2013, GJI], and the weekly and daily variations were estimated simultaneously by adopting a modification of a Bayesian smoothing spline method for temporal change in earthquake detectability developed in Iwata [2014, Aust. N. Z. J. Stat.]. Based on the estimated variations in the parameter, the value of Mc was estimated. In this study, the Japan Meteorological Agency catalog from 2006 to 2010 was analyzed; this dataset is the same as analyzed in Iwata [2013] where only the daily variation in earthquake detectability was considered in the estimation of Mc. A rectangular grid with 0.1° intervals covering in and around Japan was deployed, and the value of Mc was estimated for each gridpoint. Consequently, a clear weekly variation was revealed; the

Klaus, an exceptional winter storm over Northern Iberia and Southern France - a comparison between storm diagnostics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liberato, M. L. R.; Pinto, J. G.; Trigo, I. F.; Trigo, R. M.

2010-05-01

The synoptic evolution and dynamical characteristics of storm "Klaus" (23 and 24 January 2009) are analysed. "Klaus" was an extratropical cyclone which developed over the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean on the 21st January 2009, then moved eastward embedded in the strong westerly flow and experienced a notorious strengthening on the 23rd January. The storm moved into the Bay of Biscay and deepened further before hitting Northern Spain and Southwestern France with gusts of up to 198 km/h. Afterwards, it steered southeastwards across Southern France into Northern Italy and the Adriatic. "Klaus" was the most intense and damaging wind storm in the region in a decade, provoked more than 20 casualties and insured losses of several billion Euros. The evolution of "Klaus" is analysed using two standard cyclone detecting and tracking schemes: a) the vorticity maxima based algorithm originally developed by Murray and Simmonds [1991], adapted for Northern Hemisphere cyclone characteristics [Pinto et al. 2005]; and b) the pressure minima based algorithm first developed for the Mediterranean region [Trigo et al. 1999; 2002] and later extended to a larger Euro-Atlantic region [Trigo 2006]. Additionally, the synoptic and mesoscale features of the storm are analysed. The vorticity based method detects the storm earlier than the pressure minima one. Results show that both tracks exhibited similar features and positions throughout almost all of their lifecycles, with minor discrepancies being probably related to different ways of both methods handling the spatio-temporal evolution of multiple candidates for cyclonic centres. In its strengthening phase, "Klaus" presents deepening rates above 37 hPa/24h, a value that after geostrophically adjusted to the reference latitude of 60°N increases to 44 hPa/24h, implying an exceptional event with bomb characteristics. During maximum intensity change within 24 hours was 1.165hPa/(deglat)2. References: Murray RJ, Simmonds I (1991) Aust

Attraction, recruitment and distribution of health professionals in rural and remote Australia: early results of the Rural Health Professionals Program.

PubMed

Morell, Anna L; Kiem, Sandra; Millsteed, Melanie A; Pollice, Almerinda

2014-03-06

Australians living in rural and remote communities experience relatively poor health status in comparison to the wider Australian population (Med J Aust 185:37-38, 2006). This can be attributed in part to issues of access to health services arising from difficulties in recruiting and retaining health professionals in these areas. The Rural Health Professionals Program is an initiative designed to increase the number of allied health and nursing professionals in rural and remote Australia by providing case managed recruitment and retention support services. This paper reports on early analysis of available programme data to build knowledge of factors related to the recruitment and distribution of health professionals in rural and remote Australia. Administrative programme data were collected monthly from 349 health professionals over the first 13 months of programme operation. These data were collated and quantitative analysis was conducted using SPSS software. Sixty-nine percent of recruits were women, and recruits had a mean age of 32.85 (SD = 10.92). Sixty percent of recruits were domestically trained, and the top two professions recruited were nurses (29%) and physiotherapists (21%). Eighty-seven percent were recruited to regional areas, with the remaining 13% recruited to remote areas. Among reasons for interest in the programme, financial support factors were most commonly cited by recruits (51%). Recruitment to a remote location was associated with being domestically trained, having previously lived in a rural or remote location, being a nurse (as opposed to an allied health professional) and older age. The findings provide early support for a case managed recruitment programme to improve distribution of health professionals, and some directions for future marketing and promotion of the programme. It is recommended that an outcome evaluation be conducted to determine the impact of the programme on recruitment and distribution outcomes. The findings herein

The extent of aqueous alteration in C-class asteroids, and the survival of presolar isotopic signatures in chondrites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trigo-Rodriguez, J. M.

2011-05-01

alteration signatures could help to get samples unbiased by parent body processes. Future work in this regard could be essential to successfully getting back to Earth samples to unveil the conditions in which the solar system formed. REF: [1] Trigo-Rodriguez J.M. & Blum J. 2009. Plan. Space Sci.57,243; [2] Rubin et al. (2007) GCA 71,2361; [3] Trigo-Rodriguez J.M. & Blum J. (2009). Pub.Ast.Soc.Aust.26,289

The Binary Fission Model for the Formation of the Pluto system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prentice, Andrew

2016-10-01

The ratio F of the mass of Pluto (P) to Charon (C), viz. F ≈ 8:1, is the largest ratio of any planet-satellite pair in the solar system. Another measure of the PC binary is its normalized angular momentum density J (see McKinnon 1989). Analysis of astrometric data (Brozovic et al 2015) acquired before the New Horizons (NH) arrival at Pluto and new measurements made by NH (Stern et al 2015) show that J = 0.39. Yet these F & J values are ones expected if the PC binary had formed by the rotational fission of a single liquid mass (Darwin 1902; Lyttleton 1953). At first glance, therefore, the fission model seems to be a viable model for the formation of the Pluto system. In fact, Prentice (1993 Aust J Astron 5 111) had used this model to successfully predict the existence of several moons orbiting beyond Charon, before their discovery in 2005-2012. The main problem with the fission model is that the observed mean density of Charon, namely 1.70 g/cm3, greatly exceeds that of water ice. Charon thus could not have once been a globe of pure water. Here I review the fission model within the framework of the modern Laplacian theory of solar system origin (Prentice 1978 Moon Planets 19 341; 2006 PASA 23 1) and the NH results. I assume that Pluto and Charon were initially a single object (proto-Pluto [p-P]) which had condensed within the same gas ring shed by the proto-solar cloud at orbital distance ~43 AU, where the Kuiper belt was born. The temperature of this gas ring is 26 K and the mean orbit pressure is 1.3 × 10-9 bar. After the gas ring is shed, chemical condensation takes place. The bulk chemical composition of the condensate is anhydrous rock (mass fraction 0.5255), graphite (0.0163), water ice (0.1858), CO2 ice (0.2211) and methane ice (0.0513). Next I assume that melting of the ices in p-P takes place through the decay of short-lived radioactive nuclides, thus causing internal segregation of the rock & graphite. Settling of heavy grains to the centre lowers the

Opal instability: a relationship between water and microstructure?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chauviré, Boris; Thomas, Paul; Rondeau, Benjamin; Fritsch, Emmanuel

2017-04-01

instability. The identification of the main factors controlling the destabilization will lead to the development of a non-destructive method for the categorization of gem-stability, increasing confidence in this gemstone for dealers, cutters and the consumer. References Aguilar B., Fritsch E., Ostroumov M., Barreau A. (2004) Why do opal die? An investigation of destabilization by whitening. 32nd Inter. Geol. Congress, Florence, Italy, 20-28 Aôut. Poster. Aguilar Reyes B.O, Ostrooumov M., Fritsch E. (2005) Estudio mineralogico de la desestabilizacion de opalos mexicanos. Revista Mexicana de Ciencas Geologicas 22(3), 391-400. Paris M, Fritsch E, Aguilar Reyes BO (2007) 1H, 29Si and 27Al NMR study of the destabilization process of a paracrystalline opal from Mexico. J. Non Cryst. Solids 353, 1650-1656. Pearson G (1985) Role of Water in Cracking of Opal. The Aust. Gemol. 15, 435-445. Rondeau B., Fritsch E., Mazzero F., Gauthier J.-P. (2011) The craze for stability. InColor 18, 42-45.

Continental growth by successive accretion of oceanic lithosphere: Evidence from tilted seismic anisotropy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Babuska, V.; Plomerova, J.; Karato, S. I.

2012-04-01

Although many studies indicate that subduction-related accretion, subduction-driven magmatism and tectonic stacking are major crustal-growth mechanisms, how the mantle lithosphere forms remains enigmatic. Cook (AGU Geod. Series 1986) published a model of continental 'shingling' based on seismic reflection data indicating dipping structures in the deep crust of accreted terranes. Helmstaedt and Gurney (J. Geoch. Explor. 1995) and Hart et al. (Geology 1997) suggest that the Archean continental lithosphere consists of alternating layers of basalt and peridotite derived from subducted and obducted Archean oceanic lithosphere. Peridotite xenoliths from the Mojavian mantle lithosphere (Luffi et al., JGR 2009), as well as xenoliths of eclogites underlying the Sierra Nevada batholith in California (Horodynskij et al., EPSL 2007), are representative for oceanic slab fragments successively attached to the continent. Recent seismological findings also seem to support a model of continental lithosphere built from systems of paleosubductions of plates of ancient oceanic lithosphere (Babuska and Plomerova, AGU Geoph. Monograph 1989), or by stacking of the plates (Helmstaedt and Schulze, Geol. Soc. Aust. Spec. Publ. 1989). Seismic anisotropy in the oceanic mantle lithosphere, explained mainly by the olivine A- (or D-) type fabric (Karato et al., Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2008), was discovered almost a half century ago (Hess, Nature 1964). Though it is difficult to determine seismic anisotropy within an active subducting slab (e.g., Healy et al., EPSL 2009; Eberhart-Phillips and Reyners, JGR 2009), field observations and laboratory experiments indicate the oceanic olivine fabric might be preserved there to a depth of at least 200-300 km. Dipping anisotropic fabrics in domains of the European mantle lithosphere were interpreted as systems of 'frozen' paleosubductions (Babuska and Plomerova, PEPI 2006), and the lithosphere base as a boundary between a fossil anisotropy in the

In search of the noble gas 3.52 Ga atmospheric signatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pujol, M.; Marty, B.; Philippot, P.

2008-12-01

nuclear reactions on Xe isotope production, barite from 30m shallower depth in the same core were analyzed. Variable excesses can be linked to spallogenic and cosmogenic reactions ([4] [5] [6]) which allow the primitive Xe isotopic signature to be isolated from subsequent secondary production. Models of the archaean atmospheric noble gas signature can thereby be compared with different theories on primitive atmospheric composition. [1] Staudacher T. Allègre C.J. (1982) EPSL 60, p 389-406 [2] Van Kranendonk MJ., Hickman A.H., Williams I.R. and Nijman W. (2001) Rec.-Geol. Surv. West. Aust. 2001/9, 134 [3] Foriel J., Philippot P., Rey P., Somogyi A., Banks D. and Ménez B. (2004) EPSL, 228, 451-463 [4]Srinivasan B. (1976) EPSL, 31, 129-141 [5]Charalambus S. (1971) Nuclear Physics, A166, 145 [6]Meshik A. P., Hohenberg C. M., Pravdivtseva O. V. and Kapusta Y. (2001) Phys. Rev., C 64, 035205-1 035205-6

Influence of pH on wetting kinetics of a pine forest soil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amer, Ahmad; Schaumann, Gabriele; Diehl, Dörte

2014-05-01

the natural pH of 4.3 and decreasing wetting resistance at lower and at higher pH. The poster will present further current results of the ongoing study and discuss the activation energy of the wetting process in dependence of artificially altered soil pH. References: Bayer, J. V. and G. E. Schaumann (2007). Hydrol. Processes 21(17): 2266 - 2275. Diehl, D., J. V. Bayer, et al. (2010). Geoderma 158(3-4): 375-384. Diehl, D. and G. E. Schaumann (2007). Hydrol. Processes 21(17): 2255 - 2265. Duval, J. F. L., K. J. Wilkinson, et al. (2005). Environ Sci Technol 39(17): 6435-6445. Karnok, K. A., E. J. Rowland, et al. (1993). Agron J 85(5): 983-986. Roper, M. M. (2005). Aust J Soil Res 43: 803-810. Terashima, M., M. Fukushima, et al. (2004). Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 247(1-3): 77-83.

Determination of intrinsic mode and linear mode coupling in solar microwave bursts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Guangli; Song, Qiwu; Li, Jianping

2013-05-01

An explicit equation of the propagational angle of microwave emission between the line-of-sight and the local magnetic field is newly derived based on the approximated formulae of nonthermal gyrosynchrotron emission (Dulk and Marsh in Astrophys. J. 259, 350, 1982). The existence of the solution of propagational angle is clearly shown under a series of typical parameters in solar microwave observations. It could be used to determine the intrinsic mode and linear mode coupling in solar microwave bursts by three steps. (1) The mode coupling may happen only when the angle approximately equals to 90 degrees, i.e., when the emission propagates through the quasi-transverse region (Cohen in Astrophys. J. 131, 664, 1960). (2) The inversion of polarization sense due to the weakly mode coupling takes place only when the transition frequency defined by Cohen (1960) is larger than the frequency of microwave emission, and an observable criterion of the weakly mode coupling in flaring loops was indicated by the same polarization sense in the two footpoints of a flaring loop (Melrose and Robinson in Proc. Astron. Soc. Aust. 11, 16, 1994). (3) Finally, the intrinsic mode of microwave emission is determined by the observed polarization and the calculated direction of local magnetic field according to the general plasma dispersion relation, together with the mode coupling process. However, a 180-degree ambiguity still exists in the direction of longitudinal magnetic field, to produce an uncertainty of the intrinsic mode. One example is selected to check the feasibility of the method in the 2001 September 25 event with a loop-like structure nearby the central meridian passage observed by Nobeyama Radio Heliograph and Polarimeters. The calculated angle in one footpoint (FP) varied around 90∘ in two time intervals of the maximum phase, which gives a direct evidence of the emission propagating through a quasi-transverse region where the linear mode coupling took place, while, the angle

Could borate have played a role in the RNA World?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grew, E. S.; Bada, J. L.; Hazen, R. M.

2012-12-01

Hills, Australia, have been cited as evidence for the presence of granitic (s. l.) "protocontinental" crust by 4.3 Ga (Ushikuba et al. 2008 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.05.032; Valley et al. 2010 Rec Geol Surv W Aust, 5-7), but the existence of conventional plate tectonics prior to 3.8 Ga remains controversial. Chaussidon & Appel (1997 Chem Geol 136, 171-180) concluded that boron isotope compositions (δ11B) of tourmaline from Isua volcaniclastic rocks provide no evidence for changes of δ11B in the mantle or continental crust between now and 3.8 Ga, whereas the very light B (δ11B = -20‰) in tourmaline from Isua metachert could indicate that seawater δ11B was at least 10‰ less at 3.8 Ga than now and that there was proportionally less B in sediments at 3.8 Ga, i.e., fractionation of B between depleted mantle, oceans, continental crust and oceanic crust was still in progress (Chaussidon & Albarède 1992, EPSL 108, 229-241). If fractionation and outgassing of boron had not proceeded very far during the RNA World, neither of the proposed scenarios of borate enrichment is plausible, particularly in the absence of a conventional plate tectonics regime.

Caractérisation de l'état de surface et des contraintes résiduelles engendrées par meulage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gognau, D.; Blehaut, H.; Dürr, J.; Hariri, S.; Khouchaf, L.; Flahaut, P.

2002-07-01

grinding operations are generally used to prepare surfaces or improve surface state before or after welding. These operations, when carried out manually with portable machines, induce superficial work hardening, modification of the structure of material and residual stresses. An experimental study about the influence of grinding has been carried out on two metallic materials, a low carbon steel (A42-CP) and an austenitic stainless steel (316L), in order to characterise the grinding effects. Manual grinding being difficult to control (no repeatable effects), a test rig using a portable machine has been made. This test rig enables to control the grinding parameters in order to obtain repeatable grinding operations. Characterisation of the ground surfaces was made by 2D profilometry and measurements of residual stresses have been carried out with a Set-X Elphyse apparatus. The profiles of residual stresses obtained show, on the one hand, that on each material, identical grindings generate identical states of stresses and on the other hand, that materials have not the same behaviour, From a metallurgical point of view, we also observe that the grinding effects are different for both materials. The grinding of the A42 steel highlights a crushing of the grain near the surface while the 316L stainless steel grinding reveals sliding bands. Des opérations de meulage sont régulièrement effectuées sur des matériaux métalliques pour préparer les surfaces ou pour améliorer l'état de ces surfaces après soudage. Ces opérations réalisées manuellement engendrent un écrouissage superficiel, une modification de la structure du matériau et par conséquent des contraintes résiduelles. Une étude expérimentale a été menée sur un acier à bas carbone (A42-CP) et un acier inoxydable austénitique (316L) afin de caractériser les effets du meulage. Le meulage manuel étant difficile à maîtriser (effets non reproductibles), un banc d'essai utilisant une machine

Crocodylus acutus (American Crocodile). Long distance juvenile movement

USGS Publications Warehouse

Crespo, Rafael; Beauchamp, Jeffrey S.; Mazzotti, Frank; Cherkiss, Michael S.

2015-01-01

Crocodylus acutus (American Crocodile) is the most widely distributed New World crocodilian species with its range extending from Peru in the south to the southern tip of peninsular Florida in the north. Crocodylus acutus occupies primarily coastal brackish water habitat, however it also occurs in freshwater to hypersaline habitats (Thorbjarnarson 2010. In Crocodiles. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. [Third Edition], American Crocodile Crocodylus acutus, pp. 46–53 S.C. Manolis and C. Stevenson. Crocodile Specialist Group, Darwin). There is limited literature on long distance movements of juvenile crocodilians worldwide and no literature on juvenile crocodiles in Florida. However, adult C. acutus in Florida have been documented to make seasonal movements of 5–15 km from preferred foraging habitat to nesting beaches (Mazzotti 1983. The Ecology of Crocodylus acutus in Florida. PhD Dissertation. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania. 161pp), and one adult was documented making a 35 km trip from her nest site to preferred foraging habitat (Cherkiss et. al. 2006. Herpetol. Rev. 38:72–73). Rodda (1984. Herpetologica 40:444–451) reported on juvenile C. acutus movement in Gatun Lake, Panama, and found that juveniles stayed within 1 km of their nest site for the first month. Movements of juvenile Crocodylus porosus (Saltwater Crocodile) in a river system in Northern Australia showed a maximum movement of 38.9 km from a known nest site, with the majority of the crocodiles staying within 15.6 km downstream to 6.8 km upstream (Webb and Messel 1978. Aust. Wildlife Res. 5:263–283). Juvenile movement of Crocodylus niloticus (Nile Crocodile) in Lake Ngezi, Zimbabwe showed crocodiles restricted their movements from 1.0 km up to 4.5 km through the wet and dry seasons (Hutton 1989. Am. Zool. 29:1033–1049). Long distance movements of alligators were recorded for sizes ranging from 28 cm to 361 cm in a coastal refuge in Louisiana, where

Experimental study of the P-T stability of phlogopite in metasomatised peridotite with varying H2O contents in the deep cratonic lithosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yaxley, Greg; Rosenthal, Anja

2014-05-01

large excesses of hydrous fluid. Sub-solidus runs with 13wt% H2O, at P-T conditions within the phlogopite stability field at low %H2O, are phlogopite and clinopyroxene-free, indicating that hydrous-fluids under these conditions may transport significant Na, K, Ca, Al and other solutes[8,12]. References 1 Mengel, K. & Green, D. H. Geol. Soc. Aust. Spec. Publ. 14, 571-581 (1989). 2 Mitchell, R. H. Kimberlites, orangeites, and related rocks. (Plenum Press, 1995). 3 Foley, S. Lithos 28, 435-453 (1992). 4 Prelevic, D. et al. Terra Nova 22, 443-452 (2010). 5 Tappe, S. et al. Earth Planet Sci Lett 256, 433-454 (2007). 6 Rosenthal, A., et al. Earth Planet Sci Lett 284, 236-248 (2009). 7 Foley, S. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55, 2689-2694 (1991). 8 Green, D. H., et al. Nature 467, 448-497 (2010). 9 Konzett, J., et al. Contrib Mineral Petrol 163, 277-296 (2012). 10 Konzett, J. & Ulmer, P. J Petrol 40, 629-652 (1999). 11 Fumagalli, P., et al. Contrib Mineral Petrol 158, 723-737 (2009). 12 Kovács, I. et al. J Petrol 53, 2067-2093 (2012). 13 Niida, K. & Green, D. H. Contrib Mineral Petrol 135, 18-40 (1999). 14 Luth, R. Am Mineral 82, 1198-1209 (1997).

Contributions from the data samples in NOC technique on the extracting of the Sq variation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Yingyan; Xu, Wenyao

2015-04-01

using different number of data sample from 5 to 365. The result shows the first eigenmode expresses the Sq in most cases. 1.Campbell, W, Introduction to Geomagnetic Fields, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York. 1997 2.Hasegawa, M, Geomagnetic Sq current system, J. Geophys. Res., 1960, 65: 1437~ 1447 3.Tarpley J D. The Ionospheric wind dynanmo 2 solar tides. Planet. Space Sci., 1970, 18: 1091~ 1103 4.Richmond A D. Modeling the ionospheric wind dynamo a review. Pure Appl. Geophys., 1989, 131: 413 ~ 435 5.Suzuki, A., and H. Maeda (1978), Equivalent current systems of the daily geomagnetic variations in December 1964, Data Book No. 1, World Data Center C2 for Geomagnetic. 6.Hibberd, F H. Day-to-day variability of the Sq geomagnetic field variation, Aust. J. Phys., 1981, 34: 81~ 90 7.Xu, W.-Y., and Y. Kamide (2004), Decomposition of daily geomagnetic variation by using method of natural orthogonal component, J. Geophys. Res., 109(A5), A05218, doi:10.1029/2003JA010216. 8.Chen G X, Xu W Y, Du A M, and et al, Statistical characteristics of the day-to-day variability in the geomagnetic Sq field, J. Geophys. Res.,2007, 112, A06320, doi:10.1029/2006JA012059 9.Michelis P. De. Principal components' features of mid-latitude geomagnetic daily variation. Ann. Geophys., 2010,28: 1-14

Termochemical Models For Slags and Silicate Melts, Review and Perspectives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ottonello, G.

R.O. (1983) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 84, 107-145. [3] Papale P. (1997) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 126, 237-251. [4] Papale P. (1999) Amer. Mineral., 84, 477-492. [5] Nuccio P.M. and Paonita A. (2999) Earth Planet. Sci. Letters., 183, 499-512. [6] Berman R.G. and Brown T.H. (1984) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 48, 661-678. [7] Lin P.L. and Pelton A.D. (1979) Metall. Trans. B., 10B, 667-675. [8] Pelton A.D. and Blander M. (1986) Metall. Trans. B., 17B, 805-15. [9] Kapoor M.L., Mehrotre G.M. and Frohberg M.G. (1975) Proc. Aust. Inst. Mining Metall., 254, 11. [10] Kapoor M.L., Frohberg G.M. (1971) Proc. Symp. "Chemical Metallurgy of Iron and Steel" Sheffield. [11] Taylor J.R. and Dinsdale A.T. (1990] CALPHAD, 14, 71-88. [12] Sastri P. and Lahiri A.K. (1986) Metall. Trans. B., 17B, 105-110. [13] Bjorkman B. (1985) CALPHAD, 9, 271-282. [14] Hastie J.W., Horton W.S., Plante E.R. and Bonnell D.W. (1982) High Temp. High Press., 14, 669-679. [15] Goel R.P., Kellogg H.H. and Larrain J.M. (1980) Metall. Trans. B., 11B, 107-117. [16] Hillert M., Sundman B. and Wang X. (1990) Metall. Trans. B., 21B, 303-12. [17] Hoch M. and Arpshofen I. (1984) Zeits. fur Metallkde., 75, 23-29. [18] Masson C.R. (1965) Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A287, 201-221. [19] Masson C.R. (1968) J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 51, 134-143. [20] Masson C.R. (1972) Jour. Iron Steel Inst., 210, 89-96. [21] Toop G.W. and Samis C.S. (1962) Can. Met. Quart., 1, 129-52. [22] Toop G.W. and Samis C.S. (1962) Trans. AIME, 224, 878-87. [23] Ottonello G., Moretti R., Marini L. and Vetuschi Zuccolini M. (2000) Chem. Geol., 174, 157-179. [24] Ottonello G. (2001) J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 282, 72-85. [25] Moretti R. and Ottonello G. (2002) , Metall. Trans. (submitted).

Observing plants dealing with soil water stress: Daily soil moisture fluctuations derived from polymer tensiometers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van der Ploeg, Martine; de Rooij, Gerrit

2014-05-01

fluctuations in water content changes, with both root water uptake and root water excretion. The magnitude of the water content change was in the same order for all treatments, thus suggesting compensatory uptake. References Bakker G, Van der Ploeg MJ, de Rooij GH, Hoogendam CW, Gooren HPA, Huiskes C, Koopal LK and Kruidhof H. New polymer tensiometers: Measuring matric pressures down to the wilting point. Vadose Zone J. 6: 196-202, 2007. Blackman PG and Davies WJ. Root to shoot communication in maize plants of the effects of soil drying. J. Exp. Bot. 36: 39-48, 1985. Davies WJ and Zhang J. Root signals and the regulation of growth and development of plants in drying soil. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 42: 55-76, 1991. Gollan T, Passioura JB and Munns R. Soil water status affects the stomatal conductance of fully turgid wheat and sunflower leafs. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 13: 459-464, 1986. Gowing DJG, Davies WJ and Jones HG. A Positive Root-sourced Signal as an Indicator of Soil Drying in Apple, Malus x domestica Borkh. J. Exp. Bot. 41: 1535-1540, 1990. Grace J. Environmental controls of gas exchange in tropical rain forests. In: Press, M.C, J.D. Scholes and M.G. Barker (ed.). Physiological plant ecology: the 39th Symposium of the British Ecological Society. Blackwell Science, United Kingdom, 1999. Kool D, Agam N, Lazarovitch N, Heitman JL, Sauer TJ, Ben-Gal A. A review of approaches for evapotranspiration partitioning. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 184: 56- 70, 2014. Mansfield TA and De Silva DLR. Sensory systems in the roots of plants and their role in controlling stomatal function in the leaves. Physiol. Chem. Phys. & Med. 26: 89-99, 1994. Sadras VO and Milroy SP. Soil-water thresholds for the responses of leaf expansion and gas exchange: a review. Field Crops Res. 47: 253-266, 1996. Schröder N, Lazarovitch N, Vanderborcht J, Vereecken H, Javaux M. Linking transpiration reduction to rhizosphere salinity using a 3D coupled soil-plant model. Plant Soil 2013

Ocular ultraviolet radiation exposure of welders.

PubMed

Tenkate, Thomas D

2017-05-01

workers in a welding environment. Am Indust Hyg Assoc J. 1997;58:33-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/15428119791013053.  4. ACGIH. Ultraviolet radiation in: TLVs and BEIs. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Cincinnati; 2016. p. 153-8.  5. Tenkate TSD and Collins MJ. Angles of entry of ultraviolet radiation into welding helmets. Am Indust Hyg Assoc J, 1997; 58:54-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/15428119791013099.  6. Tenkate T. Welding arc time and UV exposure: implications for worker safety. J Occup Health Safety-Aust NZ. 2008;24(2):161-6.  7. ANSI Z49.1:2012. Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes. American Welding Society: Miami; 2012.  8. Lombardi DA, Verma SK, Brennan MJ, Perry MJ. Factors influencing worker use of personal protective eyewear. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 2009;41:755-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2009.03.017.  9. Tenkate TD. Optical radiation hazards of welding arcs. Rev Environ Health. 1998;13(3):131-46. https://doi.org/10.1515/REVEH.1998.13.3.131.  10. Thieden E, Philipsen PA, Heydenreich J, Wulf HC. UV radiation exposure related to age, sex, occupation, and sun behavior based on time-stamped personal dosimeter readings. Arch Dermatol. 2004;140:197-203. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.140.2.197.  11. Gourzoulidis GA, Achtipis A, Topalis FV, Kazasidis ME, Pantelis D, Markoulis A. Artificial optical radiation photobiological hazards in arc welding. Physica Medica. 2016;32:981-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.07.001.  12. Mariutti G, Matzeu M. Measurement of ultraviolet radiation emitted from welding arcs. Health Physics. 1988;54(5):529-32. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198805000-00004.  13. Okuno T. Measurement of ultraviolet radiation from welding arcs. Industrial Health. 1987; 25:147-56. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.25.147. 14. Zlateva V, Toncheva R, Andreev A. Epidemiological studies on occupational eye pathology. Eur. J. Ophthalmol. 1996;6(4):440-5.  15. Lombardi DA, Pannala R, Sorock GS