Sample records for tabacum cv by-2

  1. Biochemical properties of the matrix metalloproteinase NtMMP1 from Nicotiana tabacum cv. BY-2 suspension cells.

    PubMed

    Mandal, Manoj K; Fischer, Rainer; Schillberg, Stefan; Schiermeyer, Andreas

    2010-09-01

    A zinc-dependent matrix metalloproteinase (NtMMP1) found in the plasma membrane of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) suspension cells is thought to be responsible for the degradation of recombinant proteins secreted into the culture supernatant. We have characterized the proteolytic activity of NtMMP1 by expressing a recombinant derivative lacking the C-terminal transmembrane domain in yeast. After purifying the protein by affinity chromatography, its autocatalytic activity was analyzed using monoclonal antibodies raised against its N-terminal and C-terminal portions. Both the unprocessed and processed forms of NtMMP1 displayed caseinolytic activity and N-terminal sequencing identified an autocatalytic cleavage site within the sequence motif HFSFFP, which is similar to the corresponding sequences of the human matrix metalloproteinases stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) and stromelysin-2 (MMP-10). Unlike all other matrix metalloproteinases investigated so far, NtMMP1 contains a disulfide bond within its propeptide thus rendering the proenzyme catalytically active. Kinetic analysis of NtMMP1 with a synthetic substrate revealed a K(m) of 10.55 +/- 0.9 microM, a k(cat) of 0.6 +/- 0.01 s(-1) and maximum activity at pH 7.5. We found that NtMMP1 degrades Desmodus rotundus salivary plasminogen activator alpha 1 (DSPAalpha1), a biopharmaceutical protein, that has proven difficult to produce in tobacco BY-2 cells. This provides a likely explanation for the frequent instability of secreted recombinant biopharmaceuticals produced in plant suspension cell cultures. Our data suggest new avenues that can be explored to improve the production of pharmaceutical proteins in plants and plant cells.

  2. Gene Inactivation by CRISPR-Cas9 in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 Suspension Cells.

    PubMed

    Mercx, Sébastien; Tollet, Jérémie; Magy, Bertrand; Navarre, Catherine; Boutry, Marc

    2016-01-01

    Plant suspension cells are interesting hosts for the heterologous production of pharmacological proteins such as antibodies. They have the advantage to facilitate the containment and the application of good manufacturing practices. Furthermore, antibodies can be secreted to the extracellular medium, which makes the purification steps much simpler. However, improvements are still to be made regarding the quality and the production yield. For instance, the inactivation of proteases and the humanization of glycosylation are both important targets which require either gene silencing or gene inactivation. To this purpose, CRISPR-Cas9 is a very promising technique which has been used recently in a series of plant species, but not yet in plant suspension cells. Here, we sought to use the CRISPR-Cas9 system for gene inactivation in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells. We transformed a transgenic line expressing a red fluorescent protein (mCherry) with a binary vector containing genes coding for Cas9 and three guide RNAs targeting mCherry restriction sites, as well as a bialaphos-resistant (bar) gene for selection. To demonstrate gene inactivation in the transgenic lines, the mCherry gene was PCR-amplified and analyzed by electrophoresis. Seven out of 20 transformants displayed a shortened fragment, indicating that a deletion occurred between two target sites. We also analyzed the transformants by restriction fragment length polymorphism and observed that the three targeted restriction sites were hit. DNA sequencing of the PCR fragments confirmed either deletion between two target sites or single nucleotide deletion. We therefore conclude that CRISPR-Cas9 can be used in N. tabacum BY2 cells.

  3. N-Glycosylation of an IgG antibody secreted by Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells can be modulated through co-expression of human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase.

    PubMed

    Navarre, Catherine; Smargiasso, Nicolas; Duvivier, Laurent; Nader, Joseph; Far, Johann; De Pauw, Edwin; Boutry, Marc

    2017-06-01

    Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells have several advantages that make them suitable for the production of full-size monoclonal antibodies which can be purified directly from the culture medium. Carbohydrate characterization of an antibody (Lo-BM2) expressed in N. tabacum BY-2 cells showed that the purified Lo-BM2 displays N-glycan homogeneity with a high proportion (>70%) of the complex GnGnXF glycoform. The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. These results demonstrate the suitability of stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines for the production of human-like antibodies.

  4. The Role of Sink Strength and Nitrogen Availability in the Down-Regulation of Photosynthetic Capacity in Field-Grown Nicotiana tabacum L. at Elevated CO2 Concentration.

    PubMed

    Ruiz-Vera, Ursula M; De Souza, Amanda P; Long, Stephen P; Ort, Donald R

    2017-01-01

    Down-regulation of photosynthesis is among the most common responses observed in C 3 plants grown under elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration ([CO 2 ]). Down-regulation is often attributed to an insufficient capacity of sink organs to use or store the increased carbohydrate production that results from the stimulation of photosynthesis by elevated [CO 2 ]. Down-regulation can be accentuated by inadequate nitrogen (N) supply, which may limit sink development. While there is strong evidence for down-regulation of photosynthesis at elevated [CO 2 ] in enclosure studies most often involving potted plants, there is little evidence for this when [CO 2 ] is elevated fully under open-air field treatment conditions. To assess the importance of sink strength on the down-regulation of photosynthesis and on the potential of N to mitigate this down-regulation under agriculturally relevant field conditions, two tobacco cultivars ( Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Petit Havana; cv. Mammoth) of strongly contrasting ability to produce the major sink of this crop, leaves, were grown under ambient and elevated [CO 2 ] and with two different N additions in a free air [CO 2 ] (FACE) facility. Photosynthetic down-regulation at elevated [CO 2 ] reached only 9% in cv. Mammoth late in the season likely reflecting sustained sink strength of the rapidly growing plant whereas down-regulation in cv. Petit Havana reached 25%. Increased N supply partially mitigated down-regulation of photosynthesis in cv. Petit Havana and this mitigation was dependent on plant developmental stage. Overall, these field results were consistent with the hypothesis that sustained sink strength, that is the ability to utilize photosynthate, and adequate N supply will allow C 3 crops in the field to maintain enhanced photosynthesis and therefore productivity as [CO 2 ] continues to rise.

  5. Effect of activated charcoal on callus growth and shoot organogenesis in tobacco. [Nicotiana tabacum

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Constantin, M.J.; Henke, R.R.; Mansur, M.A.

    1977-01-01

    Incorporating activated charcoal (AC) in culture media has been shown to affect growth and development of various organisms. Since AC stimulates the development of tobacco haploid plantlets from cultured anthers, research was conducted to determine the effect of activated charcoal on pith-derived callus growth and shoot development in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38. Our results indicate that the hormones required for callus growth and shoot development in Wisconsin-38 tobacco are adsorbed by AC, thereby inhibiting callus growth and prohibiting shoot development. This effect was observed even when AC was removed from the medium by filtration prior to culturing the callus.

  6. Recovery of tobacco BY-2 cells after high hydrostatic pressure treatment.

    PubMed

    Kusube, Masataka; Nishino, Takumi; Nishikawa, Yuki; Goto, Masaki; Matsuki, Hitoshi; Iwahashi, Hitoshi

    2010-02-01

    The recovery of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) cells in Linsmaire and Skoog medium after treatment at high hydrostatic pressure was investigated using an Evans Blue staining method to discriminate live from dead cells. The survival of BY-2 cells just after the high-pressure treatment at 5 degrees C and 25 degrees C decreased abruptly at pressures higher than 50 MPa and 100 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, almost all of the BY-2 cells treated at 5 degrees C and 25 degrees C recovered pressures below 25 MPa and 75 MPa, respectively. However, no BY-2 cells recovered at pressures above 100 MPa at either temperature.

  7. Inactivation of the β(1,2)-xylosyltransferase and the α(1,3)-fucosyltransferase genes in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 Cells by a Multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 Strategy Results in Glycoproteins without Plant-Specific Glycans

    PubMed Central

    Mercx, Sébastien; Smargiasso, Nicolas; Chaumont, François; De Pauw, Edwin; Boutry, Marc; Navarre, Catherine

    2017-01-01

    Plants or plant cells can be used to produce pharmacological glycoproteins such as antibodies or vaccines. However these proteins carry N-glycans with plant-typical residues [β(1,2)-xylose and core α(1,3)-fucose], which can greatly impact the immunogenicity, allergenicity, or activity of the protein. Two enzymes are responsible for the addition of plant-specific glycans: β(1,2)-xylosyltransferase (XylT) and α(1,3)-fucosyltransferase (FucT). Our aim consisted of knocking-out two XylT genes and four FucT genes (12 alleles altogether) in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells using CRISPR/Cas9. Three XylT and six FucT sgRNAs were designed to target conserved regions. After transformation of N. tabacum BY-2 cells with genes coding for sgRNAs, Cas9, and a selectable marker (bar), transgenic lines were obtained and their extracellular as well as intracellular protein complements were analyzed by Western blotting using antibodies recognizing β(1,2)-xylose and α(1,3)-fucose. Three lines showed a strong reduction of β(1,2)-xylose and α(1,3)-fucose, while two lines were completely devoid of them, indicating complete gene inactivation. The absence of these carbohydrates was confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis of the extracellular proteins. PCR amplification and sequencing of the targeted region indicated small INDEL and/or deletions between the target sites. The KO lines did not show any particular morphology and grew as the wild-type. One KO line was transformed with genes encoding a human IgG2 antibody. The IgG2 expression level was as high as in a control transformant which had not been glycoengineered. The IgG glycosylation profile determined by mass spectrometry confirmed that no β(1,2)-xylose or α(1,3)-fucose were present on the glycosylation moiety and that the dominant glycoform was the GnGn structure. These data represent an important step toward humanizing the glycosylation of pharmacological proteins expressed in N. tabacum BY-2 cells. PMID:28396675

  8. Inactivation of the β(1,2)-xylosyltransferase and the α(1,3)-fucosyltransferase genes in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 Cells by a Multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 Strategy Results in Glycoproteins without Plant-Specific Glycans.

    PubMed

    Mercx, Sébastien; Smargiasso, Nicolas; Chaumont, François; De Pauw, Edwin; Boutry, Marc; Navarre, Catherine

    2017-01-01

    Plants or plant cells can be used to produce pharmacological glycoproteins such as antibodies or vaccines. However these proteins carry N -glycans with plant-typical residues [β(1,2)-xylose and core α(1,3)-fucose], which can greatly impact the immunogenicity, allergenicity, or activity of the protein. Two enzymes are responsible for the addition of plant-specific glycans: β(1,2)-xylosyltransferase (XylT) and α(1,3)-fucosyltransferase (FucT). Our aim consisted of knocking-out two XylT genes and four FucT genes (12 alleles altogether) in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells using CRISPR/Cas9. Three XylT and six FucT sgRNAs were designed to target conserved regions. After transformation of N. tabacum BY-2 cells with genes coding for sgRNAs, Cas9, and a selectable marker ( bar ), transgenic lines were obtained and their extracellular as well as intracellular protein complements were analyzed by Western blotting using antibodies recognizing β(1,2)-xylose and α(1,3)-fucose. Three lines showed a strong reduction of β(1,2)-xylose and α(1,3)-fucose, while two lines were completely devoid of them, indicating complete gene inactivation. The absence of these carbohydrates was confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis of the extracellular proteins. PCR amplification and sequencing of the targeted region indicated small INDEL and/or deletions between the target sites. The KO lines did not show any particular morphology and grew as the wild-type. One KO line was transformed with genes encoding a human IgG2 antibody. The IgG2 expression level was as high as in a control transformant which had not been glycoengineered. The IgG glycosylation profile determined by mass spectrometry confirmed that no β(1,2)-xylose or α(1,3)-fucose were present on the glycosylation moiety and that the dominant glycoform was the GnGn structure. These data represent an important step toward humanizing the glycosylation of pharmacological proteins expressed in N. tabacum BY-2 cells.

  9. Enhanced poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production in transgenic tobacco BY-2 cells using engineered acetoacetyl-CoA reductase.

    PubMed

    Yokoo, Toshinori; Matsumoto, Ken'ichiro; Ooba, Takashi; Morimoto, Kenjiro; Taguchi, Seiichi

    2015-01-01

    Highly active mutant of NADPH-dependent acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (PhaB) was expressed in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bright Yellow-2 cultured cells to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)]. The mutated PhaB increased P(3HB) content by three-fold over the control, indicating that the mutant was a versatile tool for P(3HB) production. Additionally, the PhaB-catalyzed reaction was suggested to be a rate-limiting step of P(3HB) biosynthesis in tobacco BY-2 cells.

  10. Indoor and outdoor genotoxic load detected by the Comet assay in leaves of Nicotiana tabacum cultivars Bel B and Bel W3.

    PubMed

    Restivo, Francesco Maria; Laccone, Maria Concetta; Buschini, Annamaria; Rossi, Carlo; Poli, Paola

    2002-03-01

    Environmental pollution assessment and control are priority issues for both developed and developing countries of the world. The use of plant material for a more complete picture of environmental health appears to be particularly appealing. Here we validate a previous plant-adapted Comet assay on leaf tissues of Nicotiana tabacum cultivars Bel B and Bel W3. The effects of H(2)O(2) on DNA damage in Bel B and Bel W3 agree with the hypothesis that some component of the machinery that protects DNA integrity from oxidative stress may be impaired in cv. Bel W3. Exposure in the field on sunny summer days (peak ozone concentration >80 p.p.b.) showed significantly higher DNA damage in cv. Bel W3 if plants were collected and subjected to the Comet assay when the air ozone concentration was reaching its peak value, but not when plants were sampled early in the morning and hence after a period of low ozone concentration. The different results suggest that Bel W3 possesses a less efficient recovery apparatus that requires a longer period of activity to be effective and/or is less protected against reactive oxygen species production during exposure to ozone. However, it cannot be excluded that the increase in mean DNA damage is the result of the presence of a genotoxic agent(s) other than ozone. Interestingly, Bel W3 also appears to be more responsive, compared with Bel B, when exposed to ambient indoor pollutants. The use of cv. Bel W3 increases the sensitivity of the assay under both indoor and field conditions. However, different classes of mutagens should be tested to define the range of profitable utilization of this tobacco cultivar for environmental genotoxicity detection.

  11. S-Carvone Suppresses Cellulase-Induced Capsidiol Production in Nicotiana tabacum by Interfering with Protein Isoprenylation1[C][W

    PubMed Central

    Huchelmann, Alexandre; Gastaldo, Clément; Veinante, Mickaël; Zeng, Ying; Heintz, Dimitri; Tritsch, Denis; Schaller, Hubert; Rohmer, Michel; Bach, Thomas J.; Hemmerlin, Andréa

    2014-01-01

    S-Carvone has been described as a negative regulator of mevalonic acid (MVA) production by interfering with 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) activity, a key player in isoprenoid biosynthesis. The impact of this monoterpene on the production of capsidiol in Nicotiana tabacum, an assumed MVA-derived sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin produced in response to elicitation by cellulase, was investigated. As expected, capsidiol production, as well as early stages of elicitation such as hydrogen peroxide production or stimulation of 5-epi-aristolochene synthase activity, were repressed. Despite the lack of capsidiol synthesis, apparent HMGR activity was boosted. Feeding experiments using (1-13C)Glc followed by analysis of labeling patterns by 13C-NMR, confirmed an MVA-dependent biosynthesis; however, treatments with fosmidomycin, an inhibitor of the MVA-independent 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) isoprenoid pathway, unexpectedly down-regulated the biosynthesis of this sesquiterpene as well. We postulated that S-carvone does not directly inhibit the production of MVA by inactivating HMGR, but possibly targets an MEP-derived isoprenoid involved in the early steps of the elicitation process. A new model is proposed in which the monoterpene blocks an MEP pathway–dependent protein geranylgeranylation necessary for the signaling cascade. The production of capsidiol was inhibited when plants were treated with some inhibitors of protein prenylation or by further monoterpenes. Moreover, S-carvone hindered isoprenylation of a prenylable GFP indicator protein expressed in N. tabacum cell lines, which can be chemically complemented with geranylgeraniol. The model was further validated using N. tabacum cell extracts or recombinant N. tabacum protein prenyltransferases expressed in Escherichia coli. Our study endorsed a reevaluation of the effect of S-carvone on plant isoprenoid metabolism. PMID:24367019

  12. Phytoaccumulation of lead by sunflower (Helianthus annuus), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides).

    PubMed

    Boonyapookana, Benjaporn; Parkpian, Preeda; Techapinyawat, Sombun; DeLaune, R D; Jugsujinda, Aroon

    2005-01-01

    The ability of three plant species: Helianthus annuus, Nicotiana tabacum, and Vetiveria zizanioides for phytoaccumulation of Pb was studied. Plants were grown in hydroponic solution containing Pb(NO3)2 at concentration of 0.25 and 2.5 mM Pb in the presence or absence of chelating agents (EDTA or DTPA). Lead (Pb) transport and localization within the tissues of the plant species was determined using scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometers (SEM-EDS). The addition of chelators increased Pb uptake as compared to plants grown in solution containing Pb alone. Lead taken up by the plant species were concentrated in both leaf and stem at the region of vascular bundles with greater amounts in the leaf portion. Lead granules were also found in the H. annuus root tissue from the epidermis layer to the central axis. After four weeks of growth a 23-fold increase in shoot Pb content for H. annuus and N. tabacum and 17-fold increase in shoot Pb for V. zizanioides resulted from plants grown in the 2.5 mM Pb-EDTA treatment. The higher Pb treatment (2.5 mM Pb containing EDTA) resulted in higher concentrations of Pb in plant tissue at the fourth week of exposure as compared to Pb treatment containing DTPA. Overall, Pb accumulation potential of H. annuus was greater than that of N. tabacum and V. zizanioides as indicated by the bioconcentration factor (171, 70, and 88, respectively). The highest measured Pb concentrations were found in H. annuus roots, stems, and leaves (2668, 843, and 3611 microg/g DW, respectively) grown in the 2.5 mM Pb-EDTA treatment. The addition of chelators caused some reduction in plant growth and biomass. Results showed that the three plant species tested have potential for use in phytoaccumulation of Pb since the Pb was concentrated in leaf and stem as compared to control plants. H. annuus however best meet the prerequisites for a hyperaccumulator plant and would have the potential for use in the restoration of

  13. Evaluation of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Petit Havana SR1) hairy roots for the production of geraniol, the first committed step in terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway.

    PubMed

    Ritala, Anneli; Dong, Lemeng; Imseng, Nicole; Seppänen-Laakso, Tuulikki; Vasilev, Nikolay; van der Krol, Sander; Rischer, Heiko; Maaheimo, Hannu; Virkki, Arho; Brändli, Johanna; Schillberg, Stefan; Eibl, Regine; Bouwmeester, Harro; Oksman-Caldentey, Kirsi-Marja

    2014-04-20

    The terpenoid indole alkaloids are one of the major classes of plant-derived natural products and are well known for their many applications in the pharmaceutical, fragrance and cosmetics industries. Hairy root cultures are useful for the production of plant secondary metabolites because of their genetic and biochemical stability and their rapid growth in hormone-free media. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Petit Havana SR1) hairy roots, which do not produce geraniol naturally, were engineered to express a plastid-targeted geraniol synthase gene originally isolated from Valeriana officinalis L. (VoGES). A SPME-GC-MS screening tool was developed for the rapid evaluation of production clones. The GC-MS analysis revealed that the free geraniol content in 20 hairy root clones expressing VoGES was an average of 13.7 μg/g dry weight (DW) and a maximum of 31.3 μg/g DW. More detailed metabolic analysis revealed that geraniol derivatives were present in six major glycoside forms, namely the hexose and/or pentose conjugates of geraniol and hydroxygeraniol, resulting in total geraniol levels of up to 204.3 μg/g DW following deglycosylation. A benchtop-scale process was developed in a 20-L wave-mixed bioreactor eventually yielding hundreds of grams of biomass and milligram quantities of geraniol per cultivation bag. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  14. Production, partial purification and characterization of xylanase using Nicotiana tabacum leaf dust as substrate.

    PubMed

    Acharya, Komal P; Shilpkar, Prateek

    2016-03-01

    Isolated Bacillus sp. was used in the present study for production of xylanase from Nicotiana tabacum leaf dust. The strain was able to give a maximum of 1.77 Uml⁻¹ xylanase activity under optimized fermentation conditions which was further increased upto 2.77 Uml⁻¹ after extraction and partial purification of enzyme. After partial purification, the enzyme was characterized and it gave the highest xylanase activity at pH 7.0, when 0.2 ml enzyme was incubated with 2.0% substrate (Nicotiana tabacum leaf dust) for 60 min at 60°C. Saccharification study of Nicotiana tabacum leaf dust with partially purified enzyme revealed that 18.4% reducing sugar was released in 20 hrs incubation, and TLC and HPTLC analysis showed that xylose and glucose sugars were obtained after hydrolysis of substrate. FTIR analysis confirmed decomposition of substrate.

  15. High-efficiency Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of heat inducible sHSP18.2-GUS in Nicotiana tabacum.

    PubMed

    Chen, Shih-Cheng; Liu, Hui-Wen; Lee, Kung-Ta; Yamakawa, Takashi

    2007-01-01

    The chimerical gene, Arabidopsis thaliana sHSP18.2 promoter fused to E. coli gusA gene, was Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformed into Nicotiana tabacum as a heat-regulatable model, and the thermo-inducible expression of GUS activity in N. tabacum transgenic hairy roots was profiled. An activation of A. rhizogenes with acetosyringone (AS) before cocultured with tobacco's leaf disc strongly promoted transgenic hairy roots formation. Transgenic hairy roots formation efficiency of A. rhizogenes precultured with 200 microM AS supplementation was 3.1-fold and 7.5-fold, respectively, compared to the formation efficiency obtained with and without AS supplementation in coculture. Transgenic hairy roots transformed with different AS concentration exhibited a similar pattern of thermo-inducibility after 10 min to 3 h heat treatments detected by GUS expression. The peak of expressed GUS specific activity, 399,530 pmol MUG per mg total protein per min, of the transgenic hairy roots was observed at 48 h after 3 h of 42 degrees C heat treatment, and the expressed GUS specific activity was 7-26 times more than that reported in A. thaliana, tobacco BY-2 cells and Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Interference caused by AS supplementation on the growth of transgenic hairy roots, time-course of GUS expression and its expression level were not observed.

  16. Expression of a recombinant human sperm-agglutinating mini-antibody in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.).

    PubMed

    Xu, Bingfang; Copolla, Michael; Herr, John C; Timko, Michael P

    2007-01-01

    The murine monoclonal antibody (mAB) S19 recognizes an N-linked carbohydrate antigen designated sperm agglutination antigen-1 (SAGA1) located on the membrane protein CD52. This antigen is added to the sperm surface during epididymal maturation. Binding of the S19 mAB to SAGA-1 causes the rapid agglutination of sperm and blocks pre-fertilization events. Previous studies indicated that the S19 mAB may be a potential specific spermicidal agent (termed a spermistatic) capable of replacing current spermicidal products that contain harsh detergents with harmful side effects. The nucleotide sequences encoding the heavy (H) and light (L) chains of the S19 antibody were cloned. A chimeric gene was constructed using the nucleotide sequences encoding the variable regions of both the H and L chains, and this gene (scFv1 9) was expressed in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to produce a recombinant anti-sperm antibody (RASA). Highest levels of RASA expression were observed in BY-2 plant cell suspension cultures and regenerated N. tabacum cv. Xanthi plants transformant in which the RASA coding sequences were expressed under the control of the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S promoter containing a double-enhancer sequence (2X CaMV 35S). Subsequent modifications of the transgene including the addition of a 5'-untranslated sequence from the tobacco etch virus (TEV leader sequence), N-terminal fusion of the coding region with an endoplasmic reticulum targeting signal of patatin (pat) and C-terminal fusion with the endoplasmic reticulum retention signal peptide KDEL showed further enhancement of RASA expression. The plant-expressed RASA formed intrachain disulfide bonds and was primarily soluble in the cytoplasmic fraction of the cells. Introduction of a poly-histidine (6xHIS) tag in the recombinant RASA protein allowed for rapid purification of the recombinant protein using Ni-NTA chromatography. Optimization of scale-up production and purification of this plant

  17. Uptake of NO, NO 2 and O 3 by sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) and tobacco plants ( Nicotiana tabacum L.): dependence on stomatal conductivity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Neubert, A.; Kley, D.; Wildt, J.; Segschneider, H. J.; Förstel, H.

    The uptake of NO, NO 2 and O 3 by sunflowers ( Helianthus annuus L. var. giganteus) and tobacco plants ( Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Bel W3), using concentrations representative for moderately polluted air, has been determined by gas exchange experiments. Conductivities for these trace gases were measured at different light fluxes ranging from 820 μEm -2s -1 to darkness. The conductivities to water vapor and the trace gases are highly correlated. It is concluded that the uptake of NO, NO 2 and O 3 by sunflowers and tobacco plants is linearly dependent on stomatal opening. While the uptake of NO is limited by the mesophyll resistance, the uptake of NO 2 is only by diffusion through the stomata. Loss processes by deposition to the leaf surfaces are more pronounced for O 3 than for NO and NO 2.

  18. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of tobacco virus 2, a polerovirus from Nicotiana tabacum.

    PubMed

    Zhou, Benguo; Wang, Fang; Zhang, Xuesong; Zhang, Lina; Lin, Huafeng

    2017-07-01

    The complete genome sequence of a new virus, provisionally named tobacco virus 2 (TV2), was determined and identified from leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) exhibiting leaf mosaic, yellowing, and deformity, in Anhui Province, China. The genome sequence of TV2 comprises 5,979 nucleotides, with 87% nucleotide sequence identity to potato leafroll virus (PLRV). Its genome organization is similar to that of PLRV, containing six open reading frames (ORFs) that potentially encode proteins with putative functions in cell-to-cell movement and suppression of RNA silencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence placed TV2 alongside members of the genus Polerovirus in the family Luteoviridae. To the best our knowledge, this study is the first report of a complete genome sequence of a new polerovirus identified in tobacco.

  19. The relative absorption cross-sections of photosystem I and photosystem II in chloroplasts from three types of Nicotiana tabacum.

    PubMed

    Melis, A; Thielen, A P

    1980-02-08

    In the present study we used three types of Nicotiana tabacum, cv John William's Broad Leaf (the wild type and two mutants, the yellow-green Su/su and the yellow Su/su var. Aurea) in order to correlat functional properties of Photosystem II and Photosystem I with the structural organization of their chloroplasts. The effective absorption cross-section of Photosystem II and Photosystem I centers was measured by means of the rate constant of their photoconversion under light-limiting conditions. In agreement with earlier results (Okabe, K., Schmid, G.H. and Straub, J. (1977) Plant Physiol. 60, 150--156) the photosynthetic unit size for both System II and System I in the two mutants was considerably smaller as compared to the wild type. We observed biphasic kinetics in the photoconversion of System II in all three types of N. tabacum. However, the photoconversion of System I occurred with monophasic and exponential kinetics. Under our experimental conditions, the effective cross-section of Photosystem I was comparable to that of the fast System II component (alpha centers). The relative amplitude of the slow System II component (beta centers) varied between 30% in the wild type to 70% in the Su/su var. Aurea mutant. The increased fraction of beta centers is correlated with the decreased fraction of appressed photosynthetic membranes in the chloroplasts of the two mutants. As a working hypothesis, it is suggested that beta centers are located on photosynthetic membranes directly exposed to the stroma medium.

  20. Evolutionary diversification of type-2 HDAC structure, function and regulation in Nicotiana tabacum.

    PubMed

    Nicolas-Francès, Valérie; Grandperret, Vincent; Liegard, Benjamin; Jeandroz, Sylvain; Vasselon, Damien; Aimé, Sébastien; Klinguer, Agnès; Lamotte, Olivier; Julio, Emilie; de Borne, François Dorlhac; Wendehenne, David; Bourque, Stéphane

    2018-04-01

    Type-2 HDACs (HD2s) are plant-specific histone deacetylases that play diverse roles during development and in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study we characterized the six tobacco genes encoding HD2s that mainly differ by the presence or the absence of a typical zinc finger in their C-terminal part. Of particular interest, these HD2 genes exhibit a highly conserved intron/exon structure. We then further investigated the phylogenetic relationships among the HD2 gene family, and proposed a model of the genetic events that led to the organization of the HD2 family in Solanaceae. Absolute quantification of HD2 mRNAs in N. tabacum and in its precursors, N. tomentosiformis and N. sylvestris, did not reveal any pseudogenization of any of the HD2 genes, but rather specific regulation of HD2 expression in these three species. Functional complementation approaches in Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated that the four zinc finger-containing HD2 proteins exhibit the same biological function in response to salt stress, whereas the two HD2 proteins without zinc finger have different biological function. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  1. Efficiency of Particle-Bombardment-Mediated Transformation Is Influenced by Cell Cycle Stage in Synchronized Cultured Cells of Tobacco 1

    PubMed Central

    Iida, Asako; Yamashita, Toshiya; Yamada, Yasuyuki; Morikawa, Hiromichi

    1991-01-01

    Plasmid DNA pB1221 harboring β-glucuronidase gene was delivered to synchronized cultured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Bright Yellow-2) cells of different cell cycle stages by a pneumatic particle gun. The cells bombarded at M and G2 phases gave 4 to 6 times higher transformation efficiency than those bombarded at the S and G1 phases. ImagesFigure 2 PMID:16668589

  2. Inhibition of protease activity by antisense RNA improves recombinant protein production in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) suspension cells.

    PubMed

    Mandal, Manoj K; Fischer, Rainer; Schillberg, Stefan; Schiermeyer, Andreas

    2014-08-01

    Recombinant proteins produced in plant suspension cultures are often degraded by endogenous plant proteases when secreted into the medium, resulting in low yields. To generate protease-deficient tobacco BY-2 cell lines and to retrieve the sequence information, we cloned four different protease cDNAs from tobacco BY-2 cells (NtAP, NtCP, NtMMP1, and NtSP), which represent the major catalytic classes. The simultaneous expression of antisense RNAs against these endogenous proteases led to the establishment of cell lines with reduced levels of endogenous protease expression and activity at late stages of the cultivation cycle. One of the cell lines showing reduced proteolytic activity in the culture medium was selected for the expression of the recombinant full-length IgG1(κ) antibody 2F5, recognizing the gp41 surface protein of HIV-1. This cell line showed significantly reduced degradation of the 2F5 heavy chain, resulting in four-fold higher accumulation of the intact antibody heavy chain when compared to transformed wild type cells expressing the same antibody. N-terminal sequencing data revealed that the antibody has two cleavage sites within the CDR-H3 and one site at the end of the H4-framework region. These cleavage sites are found to be vulnerable to serine proteases. The data provide a basis for further improvement of plant cells for the production of recombinant proteins in plant cell suspension cultures. Copyright © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  3. Purification and biochemical characterization of NpABCG5/NpPDR5, a plant pleiotropic drug resistance transporter expressed in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells.

    PubMed

    Toussaint, Frédéric; Pierman, Baptiste; Bertin, Aurélie; Lévy, Daniel; Boutry, Marc

    2017-05-04

    Pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporters belong to the ABCG subfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and are involved in the transport of various molecules across plasma membranes. During evolution, PDR genes appeared independently in fungi and in plants from a duplication of a half-size ABC gene. The enzymatic properties of purified PDR transporters from yeast have been characterized. This is not the case for any plant PDR transporter, or, incidentally, for any purified plant ABC transporter. Yet, plant PDR transporters play important roles in plant physiology such as hormone signaling or resistance to pathogens or herbivores. Here, we describe the expression, purification, enzymatic characterization and 2D analysis by electron microscopy of NpABCG5/NpPDR5 from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia , which has been shown to be involved in the plant defense against herbivores. We constitutively expressed NpABCG5/NpPDR5, provided with a His-tag in a homologous system: suspension cells from Nicotiana tabacum (Bright Yellow 2 line). NpABCG5/NpPDR5 was targeted to the plasma membrane and was solubilized by dodecyl maltoside and purified by Ni-affinity chromatography. The ATP-hydrolyzing specific activity (27 nmol min -1  mg -1 ) was stimulated seven-fold in the presence of 0.1% asolectin. Electron microscopy analysis indicated that NpABCG5/NpPDR5 is monomeric and with dimensions shorter than those of known ABC transporters. Enzymatic data (optimal pH and sensitivity to inhibitors) confirmed that plant and fungal PDR transporters have different properties. These data also show that N. tabacum suspension cells are a convenient host for the purification and biochemical characterization of ABC transporters. © 2017 The Author(s); published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.

  4. Wheat bran soil inoculant of sumateran nematode-trapping fungi as biocontrol agents of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita on deli tobacco (nicotiana tabaccum l) cv. deli 4

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dwi Sri Hastuti, Liana; Faull, Jane

    2018-03-01

    A pot experiment was carried out to test the effectiveness of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) isolated from Sumatera for controlling infection by the root-knot nematode (RKN) on Deli tobacco plant. Wheat bran soil containing 109 conidia of Arthrobotrys. oligospora, Candellabrella musiformis and Dactylella eudermata was added to the soil as a dry inoculum. Carbofuran was also applied as chemical agent and comparison treatment. Seedling tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cv. Deli 4 was inoculated with root knot (Meloidogyne incognita Chitwood.) seven days after the plant were transplanted to the pots. A. oligospora, C. musiformis and D. eudermata were found to be reliable as biocontrol agents, reducing the number of vermiform nematodes, swollen root, sausage shaped and galls in tobacco plant after 7, 15 and 30 days of infection with M. incognita. Treatment with NTF produced results that were comparable with Carbofuran® as a control agent in the reduction of the number of infections in tobacco plant caused by M. incognita in Nicotiana tabacum var. Deli 4. They also optimize the growth of the tobacco plants especially up to 15 days after infection.

  5. Cytoskeletal mechanisms in positioning of the second-division spindles and meiotic restitution in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) microsporogenesis.

    PubMed

    Sidorchuk, Yuriy Vladimirovich; Deineko, Elena Victorovna

    2017-06-01

    Microsporogenesis patterns of the polyploid (2n = 4x = 96) and diploid (2n = 2x = 48) Nicotiana tabacum L. (cv. Havana Petit line SR1) plants have been analyzed and compared. Four types of abnormal positions of the second-division spindles-tripolar, parallel, proximal, and fused-have been observed. Of these abnormalities, only tripolar (2.4%) and parallel (1.4%) spindles are observable in diploid plants. As for polyploids, the increased ploidy is accompanied by an increase in the incidence of tripolar (22.8%) and parallel (8.1%) spindle orientations and emergence of two remaining abnormalities (proximal and fused spindles, 3.3%). As has been shown, the spindle position abnormalities in diploid plants have no effect on the meiotic products, whereas both dyads and triads are detectable among the tetrads in polyploid plants. Analysis of cytoskeletal remodeling has allowed for the insight into the role of interzonal radial microtubule system in spindle positioning during the second division. The reason underlying the change in spindle positioning is disturbed polymerization-depolymerization processes and interdigitation of microtubule plus ends within the interzonal cytoskeleton system in late telophase I-interkinesis and prophase II. As has been demonstrated, fused second-division spindles are formed as a result of fused cytoskeletal structures in prophase-prometaphase II in the case when the nuclei are drawn abnormally close to one another. © 2017 International Federation for Cell Biology.

  6. Moss is a key nurse plant for reintroduction of the endangered herb, Primulina tabacum Hance.

    Treesearch

    Hai Ren; Guohua Ma; Qianmei Zhang; Qinfeng Guo; Jun Wang; Zhengfeng Wang

    2010-01-01

    The rare and endangered plant Primulina tabacum is a calciphilous perennial herb found only at the entrances of a small number of karst cave drainages in southern China. In a conservation effort, we identified potentially suitable habitats and reintroduced P. tabacum plantlets (propagated in vitro) to one historical and two new cave entrances. The transplanted...

  7. Two widely expressed plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase isoforms of Nicotiana tabacum are differentially regulated by phosphorylation of their penultimate threonine.

    PubMed

    Bobik, Krzysztof; Duby, Geoffrey; Nizet, Yannick; Vandermeeren, Caroline; Stiernet, Patrick; Kanczewska, Justyna; Boutry, Marc

    2010-04-01

    The plasma membrane H(+)-ATPases PMA2 and PMA4 are the most widely expressed in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, and belong to two different subfamilies. Both are activated by phosphorylation of a Thr at the penultimate position and the subsequent binding of 14-3-3 proteins. Their expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed functional and regulatory differences. To determine whether different regulatory properties between PMA2 and PMA4 exist in plants, we generated two monoclonal antibodies able to detect phosphorylation of the penultimate Thr of either PMA2 or PMA4 in a total protein extract. We also raised Nicotiana tabacum transgenic plants expressing 6-His-tagged PMA2 or PMA4, enabling their individual purification. Using these tools we showed that phosphorylation of the penultimate Thr of both PMAs was high during the early exponential growth phase of an N. tabacum cell culture, and then progressively declined. This decline correlated with decreased 14-3-3 binding and decreased plasma membrane ATPase activity. However, the rate and extent of the decrease differed between the two isoforms. Cold stress of culture cells or leaf tissues reduced the Thr phosphorylation of PMA2, whereas no significant changes in Thr phosphorylation of PMA4 were seen. These results strongly suggest that PMA2 and PMA4 are differentially regulated by phosphorylation. Analysis of the H(+)-ATPase phosphorylation status in leaf tissues indicated that no more than 44% (PMA2) or 32% (PMA4) was in the activated state under normal growth conditions. Purification of either isoform showed that, when activated, the two isoforms did not form hetero-oligomers, which is further support for these two H(+)-ATPase subfamilies having different properties.

  8. Species Origin of Genomic Factors in Nicotiana nudicaulis Watson Controlling Hybrid Lethality in Interspecific Hybrids between N. nudicaulis Watson and N. tabacum L

    PubMed Central

    Liu, Hongshuo; Marubashi, Wataru

    2014-01-01

    Hybrid lethality is expressed at 28°C in the cross Nicotiana nudicaulis×N. tabacum. The S subgenome of N. tabacum has been identified as controlling this hybrid lethality. To clarify the responsible genomic factor(s) of N. nudicaulis, we crossed N. trigonophylla (paternal progenitor of N. nudicaulis) with N. tabacum, because hybrids between N. sylvestris (maternal progenitor of N. nudicaulis) and N. tabacum are viable when grown in a greenhouse. In the cross N. trigonophylla×N. tabacum, approximately 50% of hybrids were vitrified, 20% were viable, and 20% were nonviable at 28°C. To reveal which subgenome of N. tabacum was responsible for these phenotypes, we crossed N. trigonophylla with two progenitors of N. tabacum, N. sylvestris (SS) and N. tomentosiformis (TT). In the cross N. sylvestris×N. trigonophylla, we confirmed that over half of hybrids of N. sylvestris×N. trigonophylla were vitrified, and none of the hybrids of N. trigonophylla×N. tomentosiformis were. The results imply that the S subgenome, encoding a gene or genes inducing hybrid lethality in the cross between N. nudicaulis and N. tabacum, has one or more genomic factors that induce vitrification. Furthermore, in vitrified hybrids of N. trigonophylla×N. tabacum and N. sylvestris×N. trigonophylla, we found that nuclear fragmentation, which progresses during expression of hybrid lethality, was accompanied by vitrification. This observation suggests that vitrification has a relationship to hybrid lethality. Based on these results, we speculate that when N. nudicaulis was formed approximately 5 million years ago, several causative genomic factors determining phenotypes of hybrid seedlings were inherited from N. trigonophylla. Subsequently, genome downsizing and various recombination-based processes took place. Some of the causative genomic factors were lost and some became genomic factor(s) controlling hybrid lethality in extant N. nudicaulis. PMID:24806486

  9. Expression of a constitutively activated plasma membrane H+-ATPase in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells results in cell expansion.

    PubMed

    Niczyj, Marta; Champagne, Antoine; Alam, Iftekhar; Nader, Joseph; Boutry, Marc

    2016-11-01

    Increased acidification of the external medium by an activated H + -ATPase results in cell expansion, in the absence of upstream activating signaling. The plasma membrane H + -ATPase couples ATP hydrolysis with proton transport outside the cell, and thus creates an electrochemical gradient, which energizes secondary transporters. According to the acid growth theory, this enzyme is also proposed to play a major role in cell expansion, by acidifying the external medium and so activating enzymes that are involved in cell wall-loosening. However, this theory is still debated. To challenge it, we made use of a plasma membrane H + -ATPase isoform from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia truncated from its C-terminal auto-inhibitory domain (ΔCPMA4), and thus constitutively activated. This protein was expressed in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells using a heat shock inducible promoter. The characterization of several independent transgenic lines showed that the expression of activated ΔCPMA4 resulted in a reduced external pH by 0.3-1.2 units, as well as in an increased H + -ATPase activity by 77-155 % (ATP hydrolysis), or 70-306 % (proton pumping) of isolated plasma membranes. In addition, ΔCPMA4-expressing cells were 17-57 % larger than the wild-type cells and displayed abnormal shapes. A proteomic comparison of plasma membranes isolated from ΔCPMA4-expressing and wild-type cells revealed the altered abundance of several proteins involved in cell wall synthesis, transport, and signal transduction. In conclusion, the data obtained in this work showed that H + -ATPase activation is sufficient to induce cell expansion and identified possible actors which intervene in this process.

  10. Long-chain bases and their phosphorylated derivatives differentially regulate cryptogein-induced production of reactive oxygen species in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) BY-2 cells.

    PubMed

    Coursol, Sylvie; Fromentin, Jérôme; Noirot, Elodie; Brière, Christian; Robert, Franck; Morel, Johanne; Liang, Yun-Kuan; Lherminier, Jeannine; Simon-Plas, Françoise

    2015-02-01

    The proteinaceous elicitor cryptogein triggers defence reactions in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) through a signalling cascade, including the early production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the plasma membrane (PM)-located tobacco respiratory burst oxidase homologue D (NtRbohD). Sphingolipid long-chain bases (LCBs) are emerging as potent positive regulators of plant defence-related mechanisms. This led us to question whether both LCBs and their phosphorylated derivatives (LCB-Ps) are involved in the early signalling process triggered by cryptogein in tobacco BY-2 cells. Here, we showed that cryptogein-induced ROS production was inhibited by LCB kinase (LCBK) inhibitors. Additionally, Arabidopsis thaliana sphingosine kinase 1 and exogenously supplied LCB-Ps increased cryptogein-induced ROS production, whereas exogenously supplied LCBs had a strong opposite effect, which was not driven by a reduction in cellular viability. Immunogold-electron microscopy assay also revealed that LCB-Ps are present in the PM, which fits well with the presence of a high LCBK activity associated with this fraction. Our data demonstrate that LCBs and LCB-Ps differentially regulate cryptogein-induced ROS production in tobacco BY-2 cells, and support a model in which a cooperative synergism between LCBK/LCB-Ps and NtRbohD/ROS in the cryptogein signalling pathway is likely at the PM in tobacco BY-2 cells. © 2014 INRA New Phytologist © 2014 New Phytologist Trust.

  11. Phytodetoxification of TNT by transplastomic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) expressing a bacterial nitroreductase.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Long; Rylott, Elizabeth L; Bruce, Neil C; Strand, Stuart E

    2017-09-01

    Expression of the bacterial nitroreductase gene, nfsI, in tobacco plastids conferred the ability to detoxify TNT. The toxic pollutant 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is recalcitrant to degradation in the environment. Phytoremediation is a potentially low cost remediation technique that could be applied to soil contaminated with TNT; however, progress is hindered by the phytotoxicity of this compound. Previous studies have demonstrated that plants transformed with the bacterial nitroreductase gene, nfsI have increased ability to tolerate and detoxify TNT. It has been proposed that plants engineered to express nfsI could be used to remediate TNT on military ranges, but this could require steps to mitigate transgene flow to wild populations. To address this, we have developed nfsI transplastomic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to reduce pollen-borne transgene flow. Here we have shown that when grown on solid or liquid media, the transplastomic tobacco expressing nfsI were significantly more tolerant to TNT, produced increased biomass and removed more TNT from the media than untransformed plants. Additionally, transplastomic plants expressing nfsI regenerated with high efficiency when grown on medium containing TNT, suggesting that nfsI and TNT could together be used to provide a selectable screen for plastid transformation.

  12. Manganese toxicity to chlorophyll synthesis in tobacco callus. [Nicotiana tabacum

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Clairmont, K.B.; Hagar, W.G.; Davis, E.A.

    1986-01-01

    Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pith explants were grown on manganese containing medium. At moderate concentration (10 millimolar), manganese selectivity inhibited chlorophyll synthesis, resulting initially in growth of white callus. Several weeks later the white callus turned brown due to the accumulation of a pigment identified as protoporphyrin IX by its elution profile using high performance liquid chromatography, by its absorption spectrum, and by its fluorescence properties. At a concentration of 100 millimolar manganese the pigment accumulated without growth of the explant.

  13. NtLTP4, a lipid transfer protein that enhances salt and drought stresses tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum.

    PubMed

    Xu, Yang; Zheng, Xinxin; Song, Yunzhi; Zhu, Lifei; Yu, Zipeng; Gan, Liming; Zhou, Shumei; Liu, Hongmei; Wen, Fujiang; Zhu, Changxiang

    2018-06-11

    Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), a class of small, ubiquitous proteins, play critical roles in various environmental stresses. However, their precise biological functions remain unknown. Here we isolated an extracellular matrix-localised LTP, NtLTP4, from Nicotiana tabacum. The overexpression of NtLTP4 in N. tabacum enhanced resistance to salt and drought stresses. Upon exposure to high salinity, NtLTP4-overexpressing lines (OE lines) accumulated low Na + levels. Salt-responsive genes, including Na + /H + exchangers (NHX1) and high-affinity K + transporter1 (HKT1), were dramatically higher in OE lines than in wild-type lines. NtLTP4 might regulate transcription levels of NHX1 and HKT1 to alleviate the toxicity of Na + . Interestingly, OE lines enhanced the tolerance of N. tabacum to drought stress by reducing the transpiration rate. Moreover, NtLTP4 could increase reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme activity and expression levels to scavenge excess ROS under drought and high salinity conditions. We used a two-hybrid yeast system and screened seven putative proteins that interact with NtLTP4 in tobacco. An MAPK member, wound-induced protein kinase, was confirmed to interact with NtLTP4 via co-immunoprecipitation and a firefly luciferase complementation imaging assay. Taken together, this is the first functional analysis of NtLTP4, and proves that NtLTP4 positively regulates salt and drought stresses in N. tabacum.

  14. Site-targeted mutagenesis for stabilization of recombinant monoclonal antibody expressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants

    PubMed Central

    Hehle, Verena K.; Paul, Matthew J.; Roberts, Victoria A.; van Dolleweerd, Craig J.; Ma, Julian K.-C.

    2016-01-01

    This study examined the degradation pattern of a murine IgG1κ monoclonal antibody expressed in and extracted from transformed Nicotiana tabacum. Gel electrophoresis of leaf extracts revealed a consistent pattern of recombinant immunoglobulin bands, including intact and full-length antibody, as well as smaller antibody fragments. N-terminal sequencing revealed these smaller fragments to be proteolytic cleavage products and identified a limited number of protease-sensitive sites in the antibody light and heavy chain sequences. No strictly conserved target sequence was evident, although the peptide bonds that were susceptible to proteolysis were predominantly and consistently located within or near to the interdomain or solvent-exposed regions in the antibody structure. Amino acids surrounding identified cleavage sites were mutated in an attempt to increase resistance. Different Guy’s 13 antibody heavy and light chain mutant combinations were expressed transiently in N. tabacum and demonstrated intensity shifts in the fragmentation pattern, resulting in alterations to the full-length antibody-to-fragment ratio. The work strengthens the understanding of proteolytic cleavage of antibodies expressed in plants and presents a novel approach to stabilize full-length antibody by site-directed mutagenesis.—Hehle, V. K., Paul, M. J., Roberts, V. A., van Dolleweerd, C. J., Ma, J. K.-C. Site-targeted mutagenesis for stabilization of recombinant monoclonal antibody expressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants. PMID:26712217

  15. Response of antioxidant enzymes in Nicotiana tabacum clones during phytoextraction of heavy metals.

    PubMed

    Lyubenova, Lyudmila; Nehnevajova, Erika; Herzig, Rolf; Schröder, Peter

    2009-07-01

    Tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, is a widely used model plant for growth on heavy-metal-contaminated sites. Its high biomass and deep rooting system make it interesting for phytoextraction. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidative activities and glutathione-dependent enzymes of different tobacco clones optimized for better Cd and Zn accumulation in order to characterize their performance in the field. The improved heavy metal resistance also makes the investigated tobacco clones interesting for understanding the plant defense enzyme system in general. Freshly harvested plant material (N. tabacum leaves) was used to investigate the antioxidative cascade in plants grown on heavy metal contaminated sites with and without amendments of different ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate fertilizers. Plants were grown on heavily polluted soils in north-east Switzerland. Leaves were harvested at the field site and directly deep frozen in liquid N(2). Studies were concentrated on the antioxidative enzymes of the Halliwell-Asada cycle, and spectrophotometric measurements of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), glutathione peroxidase (GPX, EC 1.11.1.9), glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2), glutathione S-transferase (GST, EC 2.5.1.18) were performed. We tried to explain the relationship between fertilizer amendments and the activity of the enzymatic defense systems. When tobacco (N. tabacum) plants originating from different mutants were grown under field conditions with varying fertilizer application, the uptake of cadmium and zinc from soil increased with increasing biomass. Depending on Cd and Zn uptake, several antioxidant enzymes showed significantly different activities. Whereas SOD and CAT were usually elevated, several other enzymes, and isoforms of GST were strongly inhibited. Heavy metal uptake represents severe stress to plants, and specific antioxidative enzymes are induced at the

  16. Canine Circovirus 1 (CaCV-1) and Canine Parvovirus 2 (CPV-2): Recurrent Dual Infections in a Papillon Breeding Colony.

    PubMed

    Thaiwong, T; Wise, A G; Maes, R K; Mullaney, T; Kiupel, M

    2016-11-01

    Recurrent outbreaks of sudden death and bloody diarrhea were reported in March 2013 and February 2014 in a breeding colony of Papillon dogs. During the first outbreak, 1 adult dog and 2 eight-month-old puppies died. During the second outbreak, 2 ten-week-old puppies died. One puppy from the first outbreak and 2 puppies from the second outbreak were examined at necropsy. Histologically, all 3 puppies had severe segmental crypt necrosis of the small intestine and marked lymphoid follicle depletion in the spleen and Peyer's patches. Real-time (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated abundant canine parvovirus (CPV-2) DNA (Ct<15) in the affected small intestine, and immunohistochemistry detected large amounts of CPV-2 antigen in intestinal crypt epithelium and Kupffer cells but few positive macrophages in lymphoid organs. All puppies had marked sinusoidal histiocytosis and multifocal granulomatous inflammation in mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen, prompting additional RT-PCR testing for canine circovirus 1 (CaCV-1). Very high levels of CaCV-1 DNA (Ct<13) were detected in small intestine, lymph nodes, and spleen. In situ hybridization for CaCV-1 detected rare positive nuclei of regenerating crypt epithelium but abundant amounts of CaCV-1 nucleic acid in the cytoplasm and nuclei of histiocytes in all lymphoid tissues, including granulomatous inflammatory foci and hepatic Kupffer cells. Significant levels of CaCV-1 DNA were detected in blood and serum (Ct as low as 13) but not feces from 3 surviving dogs at 2 months or 1 year after the outbreak, respectively. We hypothesize that CPV-2 infection predisposed dogs to CaCV-1 infection and ultimately resulted in more severe clinical disease. © The Author(s) 2016.

  17. HP-41CV Flight Performance Advisory System (FPAS) for the E-2C, E-2B, and C-2A Aircraft

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-06-01

    NPS67-82- 003 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California DTIC HP-41CV FLIGHT PERFORMANCE ADVISORY SYSTEM (FPAS) FOR THE E-2C, E-2B, AND C-2A...A’P-𔃻"’f .00 ____________ 4. TITLE9 (and Subtil) SL TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED H1P-41CV FLIGHT PERFORMANCE ADVISORY SYSTEM (FPAS) TECHNICAL REPORT...complement the original design of a Flight Performance Advisory System (FPAS) for the E-2C aircraft. The original design fulfilled the requirements of AE 3001

  18. Solution NMR structure of hypothetical protein CV_2116 encoded by a viral prophage element in Chromobacterium violaceum.

    PubMed

    Yang, Yunhuang; Ramelot, Theresa A; Cort, John R; Garcia, Maite; Yee, Adelinda; Arrowsmith, Cheryl H; Kennedy, Michael A

    2012-01-01

    CV_2116 is a small hypothetical protein of 82 amino acids from the Gram-negative coccobacillus Chromobacterium violaceum. A PSI-BLAST search using the CV_2116 sequence as a query identified only one hit (E = 2e(-07)) corresponding to a hypothetical protein OR16_04617 from Cupriavidus basilensis OR16, which failed to provide insight into the function of CV_2116. The CV_2116 gene was cloned into the p15TvLic expression plasmid, transformed into E. coli, and (13)C- and (15)N-labeled NMR samples of CV_2116 were overexpressed in E. coli and purified for structure determination using NMR spectroscopy. The resulting high-quality solution NMR structure of CV_2116 revealed a novel α + β fold containing two anti-parallel β-sheets in the N-terminal two-thirds of the protein and one α-helix in the C-terminal third of the protein. CV_2116 does not belong to any known protein sequence family and a Dali search indicated that no similar structures exist in the protein data bank. Although no function of CV_2116 could be derived from either sequence or structural similarity searches, the neighboring genes of CV_2116 encode various proteins annotated as similar to bacteriophage tail assembly proteins. Interestingly, C. violaceum exhibits an extensive network of bacteriophage tail-like structures that likely result from lateral gene transfer by incorporation of viral DNA into its genome (prophages) due to bacteriophage infection. Indeed, C. violaceum has been shown to contain four prophage elements and CV_2116 resides in the fourth of these elements. Analysis of the putative operon in which CV_2116 resides indicates that CV_2116 might be a component of the bacteriophage tail-like assembly that occurs in C. violaceum.

  19. CV2/CRMP5-antibody-related Paraneoplastic Optic Neuropathy Associated with Small-cell Lung Cancer.

    PubMed

    Nakajima, Masanori; Uchibori, Ayumi; Ogawa, Yuki; Miyazaki, Tai; Ichikawa, Yaeko; Kaneko, Kimihiko; Takahashi, Toshiyuki; Nakashima, Ichiro; Shiraishi, Hirokazu; Motomura, Masakatsu; Chiba, Atsuro

    2018-06-01

    A 61-year-old woman who had smoked for 41 years developed subacute dizziness, ataxic gait, opsoclonus, and right visual impairment. She had right optic disc swelling and optic nerve gadolinium enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging. She had small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), with CV2/collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP) 5 and HuD antibodies in her serum and cerebrospinal fluid. She was diagnosed with paraneoplastic optic neuropathy (PON) accompanied by paraneoplastic opsoclonus-ataxia syndrome. Her symptoms improved after removing the SCLC. Classical PON is rare in Japan. We recommend assaying for CV2/CRMP5 antibodies and searching for cancer in elderly patients with subacute painless visual impairment.

  20. IJ-OpenCV: Combining ImageJ and OpenCV for processing images in biomedicine.

    PubMed

    Domínguez, César; Heras, Jónathan; Pascual, Vico

    2017-05-01

    The effective processing of biomedical images usually requires the interoperability of diverse software tools that have different aims but are complementary. The goal of this work is to develop a bridge to connect two of those tools: ImageJ, a program for image analysis in life sciences, and OpenCV, a computer vision and machine learning library. Based on a thorough analysis of ImageJ and OpenCV, we detected the features of these systems that could be enhanced, and developed a library to combine both tools, taking advantage of the strengths of each system. The library was implemented on top of the SciJava converter framework. We also provide a methodology to use this library. We have developed the publicly available library IJ-OpenCV that can be employed to create applications combining features from both ImageJ and OpenCV. From the perspective of ImageJ developers, they can use IJ-OpenCV to easily create plugins that use any functionality provided by the OpenCV library and explore different alternatives. From the perspective of OpenCV developers, this library provides a link to the ImageJ graphical user interface and all its features to handle regions of interest. The IJ-OpenCV library bridges the gap between ImageJ and OpenCV, allowing the connection and the cooperation of these two systems. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Conservation and possible reintroduction of an endangered plant based on an analysis of community ecology: a case study of Primulina tabacum Hance in China

    Treesearch

    Hai Ren; Qianmei Zhang; Zhengfeng Wang; Qinfeng Guo; June Wang; Nan Liu; Kaiming Liang

    2010-01-01

    The distribution of the rare and endangered perennial herb Primulina tabacum Hance is restricted to eight karst caves in southern China. To conserve P. tabacum and to evaluate possible reintroduction, we studied its historical distribution and conducted field surveys of both its biotic and physical environment. We used detrended...

  2. The grapevine VvWRKY2 gene enhances salt and osmotic stress tolerance in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum.

    PubMed

    Mzid, Rim; Zorrig, Walid; Ben Ayed, Rayda; Ben Hamed, Karim; Ayadi, Mariem; Damak, Yosra; Lauvergeat, Virginie; Hanana, Mohsen

    2018-06-01

    Our study aims to assess the implication of WRKY transcription factor in the molecular mechanisms of grapevine adaptation to salt and water stresses. In this respect, a full-length VvWRKY2 cDNA, isolated from a Vitis vinifera grape berry cDNA library, was constitutively over-expressed in Nicotiana tabacum seedlings. Our results showed that transgenic tobacco plants exhibited higher seed germination rates and better growth, under both salt and osmotic stress treatments, when compared to wild type plants. Furthermore, our analyses demonstrated that, under stress conditions, transgenic plants accumulated more osmolytes, such as soluble sugars and free proline, while no changes were observed regarding electrolyte leakage, H 2 O 2 , and malondialdehyde contents. The improvement of osmotic adjustment may be an important mechanism underlying the role of VvWRKY 2 in promoting tolerance and adaptation to abiotic stresses. Principal component analysis of our results highlighted a clear partition of plant response to stress. On the other hand, we observed a significant adaptation behaviour response for transgenic lines under stress. Taken together, all our findings suggest that over-expression of VvWRKY2 gene has a compelling role in abiotic stress tolerance and, therefore, would provide a useful strategy to promote abiotic stress tolerance in grape via molecular-assisted breeding and/or new biotechnology tools.

  3. Difference in the distribution and speciation of cellular nickel between nickel-tolerant and non-tolerant Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. BY-2 cells.

    PubMed

    Saito, Akihiro; Saito, Misa; Ichikawa, Yusuke; Yoshiba, Masaaki; Tadano, Toshiaki; Miwa, Eitaro; Higuchi, Kyoko

    2010-02-01

    To evaluate Ni dynamics at the subcellular level, the distribution and speciation of Ni were determined in wild-type (WT) and Ni-tolerant (NIT) tobacco BY-2 cell lines. When exposed to low but toxic levels of Ni, NIT cells were found to contain 2.5-fold more Ni (14% of whole-cell Ni values) in their cell walls than WT cells (6% of whole-cell Ni values). In addition to higher levels of Ni in the apoplast, a higher proportion (94%) of symplastic Ni was localized in the vacuoles of NIT cells than in the vacuoles of WT cells (81%). The concentration of cytosolic Ni in the NIT cells was significantly lower (18 nmol g(-1) FW) than that in the WT cells (85 nmol g(-1) FW). In silico simulation showed that 95% of vacuolar Ni was in the form of Ni-citrate complexes, and that free Ni(2+) was virtually absent in the NIT cells. On the other hand, the amount of free metal ions was markedly increased in WT cells because free citrate was depleted by chelation of Ni. A protoplast viability assay using BCECF-AM further demonstrated that the main mechanism that confers strong Ni tolerance was present in the symplast as opposed to the cell wall.

  4. Microtubule reorganization in tobacco BY-2 cells stably expressing GFP-MBD

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Granger, C. L.; Cyr, R. J.

    2000-01-01

    Microtubule organization plays an important role in plant morphogenesis; however, little is known about how microtubule arrays transit from one organized state to another. The use of a genetically incorporated fluorescent marker would allow long-term observation of microtubule behavior in living cells. Here, we have characterized a Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) cell line that had been stably transformed with a gfp-mbd construct previously demonstrated to label microtubules (J. Marc et al., 1998, Plant Cell 10: 1927-1939). Fluorescence levels were low, but interphase and mitotic microtubule arrays, as well as the transitions between these arrays, could be observed in individual gfp-mbd-transformed cells. By comparing several attributes of transformed and untransformed cells it was concluded that the transgenic cells are not adversely affected by low-level expression of the transgene and that these cells will serve as a useful and accurate model system for observing microtubule reorganization in vivo. Indeed, some initial observations were made that are consistent with the involvement of motor proteins in the transition between the spindle and phragmoplast arrays. Our observations also support the role of the perinuclear region in nucleating microtubules at the end of cell division with a progressive shift of these microtubules and/or nucleating activity to the cortex to form the interphase cortical array.

  5. Reduced and unstratified crust in CV chondrite parent body.

    PubMed

    Ganino, Clément; Libourel, Guy

    2017-08-15

    Early Solar System planetesimal thermal models predict the heating of the chondritic protolith and the preservation of a chondritic crust on differentiated parent bodies. Petrological and geochemical analyses of chondrites have suggested that secondary alteration phases formed at low temperatures (<300 °C) by fluid-rock interaction where reduced and oxidized Vigarano type Carbonaceous (CV) chondrites witness different physicochemical conditions. From a thermodynamical survey of Ca-Fe-rich secondary phases in CV3 chondrites including silica activity (aSiO 2 ), here we show that the classical distinction between reduced and oxidized chondrites is no longer valid and that their Ca-Fe-rich secondary phases formed in similar reduced conditions near the iron-magnetite redox buffer at low aSiO 2 (log(aSiO 2 ) <-1) and moderate temperature (210-610 °C). The various lithologies in CV3 chondrites are inferred to be fragments of an asteroid percolated heterogeneously via porous flow of hydrothermal fluid. Putative 'onion shell' structures are not anymore a requirement for the CV parent body crust.Meteorites may unlock the history of the early solar system. Here, the authors find, through Ca-Fe-rich secondary phases, that the distinction between reduced and oxidized CV chondrites is invalid; therefore, CV3 chondrites are asteroid fragments that percolated heterogeneously via porous flow of hydrothermal fluid.

  6. Cost-effectiveness analysis of a universal mass vaccination program with a PHiD-CV 2+1 schedule in Malaysia.

    PubMed

    Wang, Xiao Jun; Saha, Ashwini; Zhang, Xu-Hao

    2017-01-01

    Currently, two pediatric pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are available in the private market of Malaysia-13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and pneumococcal polysaccharide and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV). This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a universal mass vaccination program with a PHiD-CV 2+1 schedule versus no vaccination or with a PCV13 2+1 schedule in Malaysia. A published Markov cohort model was adapted to evaluate the epidemiological and economic consequences of programs with no vaccination, a PHiD-CV 2+1 schedule or a PCV13 2+1 schedule over a 10-year time horizon. Disease cases, deaths, direct medical costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were estimated. Locally published epidemiology and cost data were used whenever possible. Vaccine effectiveness and disutility data were based on the best available published data. All data inputs and assumptions were validated by local clinical and health economics experts. Analyses were conducted from the perspective of the Malaysian government for a birth cohort of 508,774. Costs and QALYs were discounted at 3% per annum. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Compared with no vaccination, a PHiD-CV 2+1 program was projected to prevent 1109 invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), 24,679 pneumonia and 72,940 acute otitis media (AOM) cases and 103 IPD/pneumonia deaths over 10 years, with additional costs and QALYs of United States dollars (USD) 30.9 million and 1084 QALYs, respectively, at an ICER of USD 28,497/QALY. Compared with a PCV13 2+1 program, PHiD-CV 2+1 was projected to result in similar reductions in IPD cases (40 cases more) but significantly fewer AOM cases (30,001 cases less), with cost savings and additional QALYs gained of USD 5.2 million and 116 QALYs, respectively, demonstrating dominance over PCV13. Results were robust to variations in one-way and

  7. Phosphorus acquisition by citrate- and phytase-exuding Nicotiana tabacum plant mixtures depends on soil phosphorus availability and root intermingling.

    PubMed

    Giles, Courtney D; Richardson, Alan E; Cade-Menun, Barbara J; Mezeli, Malika M; Brown, Lawrie K; Menezes-Blackburn, Daniel; Darch, Tegan; Blackwell, Martin Sa; Shand, Charles A; Stutter, Marc I; Wendler, Renate; Cooper, Patricia; Lumsdon, David G; Wearing, Catherine; Zhang, Hao; Haygarth, Philip M; George, Timothy S

    2018-03-02

    Citrate and phytase root exudates contribute to improved phosphorus (P) acquisition efficiency in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) when both exudates are produced in a P deficient soil. To test the importance of root intermingling in the interaction of citrate and phytase exudates, Nicotiana tabacum plant-lines with constitutive expression of heterologous citrate (Cit) or fungal phytase (Phy) exudation traits were grown under two root treatments (roots separated or intermingled) and in two soils with contrasting soil P availability. Complementarity of plant mixtures varying in citrate efflux rate and mobility of the expressed phytase in soil was determined based on plant biomass and P accumulation. Soil P composition was evaluated using solution 31 P NMR spectroscopy. In the soil with limited available P, positive complementarity occurred in Cit+Phy mixtures with roots intermingled. Root separation eliminated positive interactions in mixtures expressing the less mobile phytase (Aspergillus niger PhyA) whereas positive complementarity persisted in mixtures that expressed the more mobile phytase (Peniophora lycii PhyA). Soils from Cit+Phy mixtures contained less inorganic P and more organic P compared to monocultures. Exudate-specific strategies for the acquisition of soil P were most effective in P-limited soil and depended on citrate efflux rate and the relative mobility of the expressed phytase in soil. Plant growth and soil P utilization in plant systems with complementary exudation strategies are expected to be greatest where exudates persist in soil and are expressed synchronously in space and time. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  8. Why does anatabine, but not nicotine, accumulate in jasmonate-elicited cultured tobacco BY-2 cells?

    PubMed

    Shoji, Tsubasa; Hashimoto, Takashi

    2008-08-01

    Suspension-cultured cells of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) grow rapidly in a highly homogenous population and still exhibit the general behavior of plant cells, and thus are often used as model systems in several areas of plant molecular and cellular biology, including secondary metabolism. While the parental tobacco variety synthesizes nicotine as a major alkaloid, the cultured tobacco cells mainly produce a related alkaloid anatabine, instead of nicotine, when elicited with jasmonates. We report here that cultured BY-2 cells scarcely express N-methylputrescine oxidase (MPO) genes even after jasmonate elicitation. MPO is the second enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway that supplies the pyrrolidine moiety of nicotine and nornicotine, but is predicted to be dispensable for the biosynthesis of anatabine, anabasine and anatalline, which do not contain the pyrrolidine moiety. When MPO was overexpressed in tobacco BY-2 cells, nicotine synthesis was dramatically enhanced while anatabine formation was effectively suppressed. As a complementary approach, we suppressed MPO expression by RNA interference in tobacco hairy roots that normally accumulate nicotine. In the MPO-suppressed roots, the contents of anatabine, anabasine and anatalline, as well as N-methylputrescine and putrescine, markedly increased to compensate for suppressed formation of nicotine and nornicotine. These results identify the transcriptional regulation of MPO as a critical rate-limiting step that restricts nicotine formation in cultured tobacco BY-2 cells.

  9. Root-specific expression of opine genes and opine accumulation in some cultivars of the naturally occurring genetically modified organism Nicotiana tabacum.

    PubMed

    Chen, Ke; de Borne, François Dorlhac; Julio, Emilie; Obszynski, Julie; Pale, Patrick; Otten, Léon

    2016-08-01

    Previous studies have shown that Nicotiana tabacum contains three Agrobacterium-derived T-DNA sequences inherited from its paternal ancestor Nicotiana tomentosiformis. Among these, the TB locus carries an intact mannopine synthase 2' gene (TB-mas2'). This gene is similar to the Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4-mas2' gene that encodes the synthesis of the Amadori compound deoxyfructosyl-glutamine (DFG or santhopine). In this study we show that TB-mas2' is expressed at very low levels in N. tomentosiformis and in most N. tabacum cultivars; however, some cultivars show high TB-mas2' expression levels. The TB-mas2' promoter sequences of low- and high-expressing cultivars are identical. The low/high level of expression segregates as a single Mendelian factor in a cross between a low- and a high-expression cultivar. pTB-mas2'-GUS and pA4-mas2'-GUS reporter genes were stably introduced in N. benthamiana. Both were mainly expressed in the root expansion zone and leaf vasculature. Roots of tobacco cultivars with high TB-mas2' expression contain detectable levels of DFG. © 2016 The Authors The Plant Journal © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  10. Memory immune response and safety of a booster dose of Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV) in JE-CV-primed children

    PubMed Central

    Feroldi, Emmanuel; Capeding, Maria Rosario; Boaz, Mark; Gailhardou, Sophia; Meric, Claude; Bouckenooghe, Alain

    2013-01-01

    Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV) is a licensed vaccine indicated in a single dose administration for primary immunization. This controlled phase III comparative trial enrolled children aged 36–42 mo in the Philippines. 345 children who had received one dose of JE-CV in a study two years earlier, received a JE-CV booster dose. 105 JE-vaccine-naïve children in general good health were randomized to receive JE-CV (JE-vaccine naïve group; 46 children) or varicella vaccine (safety control group; 59 children). JE neutralizing antibody titers were assessed using PRNT50. Immunological memory was observed in children who had received the primary dose of JE-CV before. Seven days after the JE-CV booster dose administration, 96.2% and 66.8% of children were seroprotected and had seroconverted, respectively, and the geometric mean titer (GMT) was 231 1/dil. Twenty-eight days after the JE-CV booster dose seroprotection and seroconversion were achieved in 100% and 95.3% of children, respectively, and the GMT was 2,242 1/dil. In contrast, only 15.4% of JE-CV-vaccine naïve children who had not received any prior JE vaccine were seroprotected seven days after they received JE-CV. One year after receiving the JE-CV booster dose, 99.4% of children remained seroprotected. We conclude that JE-CV is effective and safe, both as a single dose and when administrated as a booster dose. A booster dose increases the peak GMT above the peak level reached after primary immunization and the antibody persistence is maintained at least one year after the JE-CV booster dose administration. Five year follow up is ongoing. PMID:23442823

  11. Memory immune response and safety of a booster dose of Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV) in JE-CV-primed children.

    PubMed

    Feroldi, Emmanuel; Capeding, Maria Rosario; Boaz, Mark; Gailhardou, Sophia; Meric, Claude; Bouckenooghe, Alain

    2013-04-01

    Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV) is a licensed vaccine indicated in a single dose administration for primary immunization. This controlled phase III comparative trial enrolled children aged 36-42 mo in the Philippines. 345 children who had received one dose of JE-CV in a study two years earlier, received a JE-CV booster dose. 105 JE-vaccine-naïve children in general good health were randomized to receive JE-CV (JE-vaccine naïve group; 46 children) or varicella vaccine (safety control group; 59 children). JE neutralizing antibody titers were assessed using PRNT50. Immunological memory was observed in children who had received the primary dose of JE-CV before. Seven days after the JE-CV booster dose administration, 96.2% and 66.8% of children were seroprotected and had seroconverted, respectively, and the geometric mean titer (GMT) was 231 1/dil. Twenty-eight days after the JE-CV booster dose seroprotection and seroconversion were achieved in 100% and 95.3% of children, respectively, and the GMT was 2,242 1/dil. In contrast, only 15.4% of JE-CV-vaccine naïve children who had not received any prior JE vaccine were seroprotected seven days after they received JE-CV. One year after receiving the JE-CV booster dose, 99.4% of children remained seroprotected. We conclude that JE-CV is effective and safe, both as a single dose and when administrated as a booster dose. A booster dose increases the peak GMT above the peak level reached after primary immunization and the antibody persistence is maintained at least one year after the JE-CV booster dose administration. Five year follow up is ongoing.

  12. CvADH1, a member of short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family, is inducible by gibberellin and sucrose in developing watermelon seeds.

    PubMed

    Kim, Joonyul; Kang, Hong-Gyu; Jun, Sung-Hoon; Lee, Jinwon; Yim, Jieun; An, Gynheung

    2003-01-01

    To understand the molecular mechanisms that control seed formation, we selected a seed-preferential gene (CvADH1) from the ESTs of developing watermelon seeds. RNA blot analysis and in situ localization showed that CvADH1 was preferentially expressed in the nucellar tissue. The CvADH1 protein shared about 50% homology with short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase including ABA2 in Arabidopsis thaliana, stem secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase in Forsythia intermedia, and 3beta-hydroxysterol dehydrogenase in Digitalis lanata. We investigated gene-expression levels in seeds from both normally pollinated fruits and those made parthenocarpic via N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea treatment, the latter of which lack zygotic tissues. Whereas the transcripts of CvADH1 rapidly started to accumulate from about the pre-heart stage in normal seeds, they were not detectable in the parthenocarpic seeds. Treating the parthenogenic fruit with GA(3) strongly induced gene expression, up to the level accumulated in pollinated seeds. These results suggest that the CvADH1 gene is induced in maternal tissues by signals made in the zygotic tissues, and that gibberellin might be one of those signals. We also observed that CvADH1 expression was induced by sucrose in the parthenocarpic seeds. Therefore, we propose that the CvADH1 gene is inducible by gibberellin, and that sucrose plays an important role in the maternal tissues of watermelon during early seed development.

  13. Auxin-Dependent Cell Division and Cell Elongation. 1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Activate Different Pathways1

    PubMed Central

    Campanoni, Prisca; Nick, Peter

    2005-01-01

    During exponential phase, the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cell line cv Virginia Bright Italia-0 divides axially to produce linear cell files of distinct polarity. This axial division is controlled by exogenous auxin. We used exponential tobacco cv Virginia Bright Italia-0 cells to dissect early auxin signaling, with cell division and cell elongation as physiological markers. Experiments with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) demonstrated that these 2 auxin species affect cell division and cell elongation differentially; NAA stimulates cell elongation at concentrations that are much lower than those required to stimulate cell division. In contrast, 2,4-D promotes cell division but not cell elongation. Pertussis toxin, a blocker of heterotrimeric G-proteins, inhibits the stimulation of cell division by 2,4-D but does not affect cell elongation. Aluminum tetrafluoride, an activator of the G-proteins, can induce cell division at NAA concentrations that are not permissive for division and even in the absence of any exogenous auxin. The data are discussed in a model where the two different auxins activate two different pathways for the control of cell division and cell elongation. PMID:15734918

  14. Auxin Deprivation Induces Synchronous Golgi Differentiation in Suspension-Cultured Tobacco BY-2 Cells1

    PubMed Central

    Winicur, Zev M.; Feng Zhang, Guo; Andrew Staehelin, L.

    1998-01-01

    To date, the lack of a method for inducing plant cells and their Golgi stacks to differentiate in a synchronous manner has made it difficult to characterize the nature and extent of Golgi retailoring in biochemical terms. Here we report that auxin deprivation can be used to induce a uniform population of suspension-cultured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv BY-2) cells to differentiate synchronously during a 4-d period. Upon removal of auxin, the cells stop dividing, undergo elongation, and differentiate in a manner that mimics the formation of slime-secreting epidermal and peripheral root-cap cells. The morphological changes to the Golgi apparatus include a proportional increase in the number of trans-Golgi cisternae, a switch to larger-sized secretory vesicles that bud from the trans-Golgi cisternae, and an increase in osmium staining of the secretory products. Biochemical alterations include an increase in large, fucosylated, mucin-type glycoproteins, changes in the types of secreted arabinogalactan proteins, and an increase in the amounts and types of molecules containing the peripheral root-cap-cell-specific epitope JIM 13. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that auxin deprivation can be used to induce tobacco BY-2 cells to differentiate synchronously into mucilage-secreting cells. PMID:9625703

  15. Cadmium and zinc activate adaptive mechanisms in Nicotiana tabacum similar to those observed in metal tolerant plants.

    PubMed

    Vera-Estrella, Rosario; Gómez-Méndez, María F; Amezcua-Romero, Julio C; Barkla, Bronwyn J; Rosas-Santiago, Paul; Pantoja, Omar

    2017-09-01

    Tobacco germinated and grew in the presence of high concentrations of cadmium and zinc without toxic symptoms. Evidence suggests that these ions are sequestered into the vacuole by heavy metal/H + exchanger mechanisms. Heavy metal hyperaccumulation and hypertolerance are traits shared by a small set of plants which show specialized physiological and molecular adaptations allowing them to accumulate and sequester toxic metal ions. Nicotiana tabacum was used to test its potential as a metal-accumulator in a glass house experiment. Seed germination was not affected in the presence of increasing concentrations of zinc and cadmium. Juvenile and adult plants could concentrate CdCl 2 and ZnSO 4 to levels exceeding those in the hydroponic growth medium and maintained or increased their leaf dry weight when treated with 0.5- or 1-mM CdCl 2 or 1-mM ZnSO 4 for 5 days. Accumulation of heavy metals did not affect the chlorophyll and carotenoid levels, while variable effects were observed in cell sap osmolarity. Heavy metal-dependent H + transport across the vacuole membrane was monitored using quinacrine fluorescence quenching. Cadmium- or zinc-dependent fluorescence recovery revealed that increasing concentrations of heavy metals stimulated the activities of the tonoplast Cd 2+ or Zn 2+ /H + exchangers. Immunodetection of the V-ATPase subunits showed that the increased proton transport by zinc was not due to changes in protein amount. MTP1 and MTP4 immunodetection and semiquantitative RT-PCR of NtMTP1, NtNRAMP1, and NtZIP1 helped to identify the genes that are likely involved in sequestration of cadmium and zinc in the leaf and root tissue. Finally, we demonstrated that cadmium and zinc treatments induced an accumulation of zinc in leaf tissues. This study shows that N. tabacum possesses a hyperaccumulation response, and thus could be used for phytoremediation purposes.

  16. PlantCV v2: Image analysis software for high-throughput plant phenotyping

    PubMed Central

    Abbasi, Arash; Berry, Jeffrey C.; Callen, Steven T.; Chavez, Leonardo; Doust, Andrew N.; Feldman, Max J.; Gilbert, Kerrigan B.; Hodge, John G.; Hoyer, J. Steen; Lin, Andy; Liu, Suxing; Lizárraga, César; Lorence, Argelia; Miller, Michael; Platon, Eric; Tessman, Monica; Sax, Tony

    2017-01-01

    Systems for collecting image data in conjunction with computer vision techniques are a powerful tool for increasing the temporal resolution at which plant phenotypes can be measured non-destructively. Computational tools that are flexible and extendable are needed to address the diversity of plant phenotyping problems. We previously described the Plant Computer Vision (PlantCV) software package, which is an image processing toolkit for plant phenotyping analysis. The goal of the PlantCV project is to develop a set of modular, reusable, and repurposable tools for plant image analysis that are open-source and community-developed. Here we present the details and rationale for major developments in the second major release of PlantCV. In addition to overall improvements in the organization of the PlantCV project, new functionality includes a set of new image processing and normalization tools, support for analyzing images that include multiple plants, leaf segmentation, landmark identification tools for morphometrics, and modules for machine learning. PMID:29209576

  17. PlantCV v2: Image analysis software for high-throughput plant phenotyping.

    PubMed

    Gehan, Malia A; Fahlgren, Noah; Abbasi, Arash; Berry, Jeffrey C; Callen, Steven T; Chavez, Leonardo; Doust, Andrew N; Feldman, Max J; Gilbert, Kerrigan B; Hodge, John G; Hoyer, J Steen; Lin, Andy; Liu, Suxing; Lizárraga, César; Lorence, Argelia; Miller, Michael; Platon, Eric; Tessman, Monica; Sax, Tony

    2017-01-01

    Systems for collecting image data in conjunction with computer vision techniques are a powerful tool for increasing the temporal resolution at which plant phenotypes can be measured non-destructively. Computational tools that are flexible and extendable are needed to address the diversity of plant phenotyping problems. We previously described the Plant Computer Vision (PlantCV) software package, which is an image processing toolkit for plant phenotyping analysis. The goal of the PlantCV project is to develop a set of modular, reusable, and repurposable tools for plant image analysis that are open-source and community-developed. Here we present the details and rationale for major developments in the second major release of PlantCV. In addition to overall improvements in the organization of the PlantCV project, new functionality includes a set of new image processing and normalization tools, support for analyzing images that include multiple plants, leaf segmentation, landmark identification tools for morphometrics, and modules for machine learning.

  18. PlantCV v2: Image analysis software for high-throughput plant phenotyping

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gehan, Malia A.; Fahlgren, Noah; Abbasi, Arash

    Systems for collecting image data in conjunction with computer vision techniques are a powerful tool for increasing the temporal resolution at which plant phenotypes can be measured non-destructively. Computational tools that are flexible and extendable are needed to address the diversity of plant phenotyping problems. We previously described the Plant Computer Vision (PlantCV) software package, which is an image processing toolkit for plant phenotyping analysis. The goal of the PlantCV project is to develop a set of modular, reusable, and repurposable tools for plant image analysis that are open-source and community-developed. Here in this paper we present the details andmore » rationale for major developments in the second major release of PlantCV. In addition to overall improvements in the organization of the PlantCV project, new functionality includes a set of new image processing and normalization tools, support for analyzing images that include multiple plants, leaf segmentation, landmark identification tools for morphometrics, and modules for machine learning.« less

  19. PlantCV v2: Image analysis software for high-throughput plant phenotyping

    DOE PAGES

    Gehan, Malia A.; Fahlgren, Noah; Abbasi, Arash; ...

    2017-12-01

    Systems for collecting image data in conjunction with computer vision techniques are a powerful tool for increasing the temporal resolution at which plant phenotypes can be measured non-destructively. Computational tools that are flexible and extendable are needed to address the diversity of plant phenotyping problems. We previously described the Plant Computer Vision (PlantCV) software package, which is an image processing toolkit for plant phenotyping analysis. The goal of the PlantCV project is to develop a set of modular, reusable, and repurposable tools for plant image analysis that are open-source and community-developed. Here in this paper we present the details andmore » rationale for major developments in the second major release of PlantCV. In addition to overall improvements in the organization of the PlantCV project, new functionality includes a set of new image processing and normalization tools, support for analyzing images that include multiple plants, leaf segmentation, landmark identification tools for morphometrics, and modules for machine learning.« less

  20. Growth modulation effects of CBM2a under the control of AtEXP4 and CaMV35S promoters in Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum and Eucalyptus camaldulensis.

    PubMed

    Keadtidumrongkul, Pornthep; Suttangkakul, Anongpat; Pinmanee, Phitsanu; Pattana, Kanokwan; Kittiwongwattana, Chokchai; Apisitwanich, Somsak; Vuttipongchaikij, Supachai

    2017-08-01

    The expression of cell-wall-targeted Carbohydrate Binding Modules (CBMs) can alter cell wall properties and modulate growth and development in plants such as tobacco and potato. CBM2a identified in xylanase 10A from Cellulomonas fimi is of particular interest for its ability to bind crystalline cellulose. However, its potential for promoting plant growth has not been explored. In this work, we tested the ability of CBM2a to promote growth when expressed using both CaMV35S and a vascular tissue-specific promoter derived from Arabidopsis expansin4 (AtEXP4) in three plant species: Arabidopsis, Nicotiana tabacum and Eucalyptus camaldulensis. In Arabidopsis, the expression of AtEXP4pro:CBM2a showed trends for growth promoting effects including the increase of root and hypocotyl lengths and the enlargements of the vascular xylem area, fiber cells and vessel cells. However, in N. tabacum, the expression of CBM2a under the control of either CaMV35S or AtEXP4 promoter resulted in subtle changes in the plant growth, and the thickness of secondary xylem and vessel and fiber cell sizes were generally reduced in the transgenic lines with AtEXP4pro:CBM2a. In Eucalyptus, while transgenics expressing CaMV35S:CBM2a showed very subtle changes compared to wild type, those transgenics with AtEXP4pro:CBM2a showed increases in plant height, enlargement of xylem areas and xylem fiber and vessel cells. These data provide comparative effects of expressing CBM2a protein in different plant species, and this finding can be applied for plant biomass improvement.

  1. Ectopic expression of class 1 KNOX genes induce and adventitious shoot regeneration and alter growth and development of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L) and European plum (Prunus domestica L)

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Transgenic plants of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L) and plum (Prunus domestica L) were produced by transforming with apple class 1 KNOX genes (MdKN1 and MdKN2) or corn KN1 gene. Transgenic tobacco plants were regenerated in vitro from transformed leaf discs cultured in a tissue medium lacking cytoki...

  2. Gel-based and gel-free proteomic analysis of Nicotiana tabacum trichomes identifies proteins involved in secondary metabolism and in the (a)biotic stress response.

    PubMed

    Van Cutsem, Emmanuel; Simonart, Géraldine; Degand, Hervé; Faber, Anne-Marie; Morsomme, Pierre; Boutry, Marc

    2011-02-01

    Nicotiana tabacum leaves are covered by trichomes involved in the secretion of large amounts of secondary metabolites, some of which play a major role in plant defense. However, little is known about the metabolic pathways that operate in these structures. We undertook a proteomic analysis of N. tabacum trichomes in order to identify their protein complement. Efficient trichome isolation was obtained by abrading frozen leaves. After homogenization, soluble proteins and a microsomal fraction were prepared by centrifugation. Gel-based and gel-free proteomic analyses were then performed. 2-DE analysis of soluble proteins led to the identification of 1373 protein spots, which were digested and analyzed by MS/MS, leading to 680 unique identifications. Both soluble proteins and microsomal fraction were analyzed by LC MALDI-MS/MS after trypsin digestion, leading to 858 identifications, many of which had not been identified after 2-DE, indicating that the two methods complement each other. Many enzymes putatively involved in secondary metabolism were identified, including enzymes involved in the synthesis of terpenoid precursors and in acyl sugar production. Several transporters were also identified, some of which might be involved in secondary metabolite transport. Various (a)biotic stress response proteins were also detected, supporting the role of trichomes in plant defense. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  3. Opaque Assemblages in CK and CV Carbonaceous Chondrites

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Neff, K. E.; Righter, K.

    2006-01-01

    CK carbonaceous chondrites are the only group of carbonaceous chondrites that exhibit thermal metamorphism. As a result, CKs display features of metamorphism such as silicate darkening, recrystallization and shock veins. Calcium Aluminum Inclusions and Fe-Ni metal are rare. CV carbonaceous chondrites are unequilibrated and have two subgroups; oxidized and reduced. The CV and CK carbonaceous chondrite groups have been compared to each other often because of petrographic similarities, such as overlapping oxygen isotopic ratios. Scientists have suggested the two groups of carbonaceous chondrites formed from the same parent body and CKs are equilibrated CV chondrites [1, 2]. The oxidized CV group has been most closely related to CKs. This study examines the petrology and mineralogy of CKs and CVs focusing on opaque minerals found in the meteorites. Using the oxide, metal and sulfide assemblages, constraints can be placed on the temperature and oxygen fugacity at which the meteorites equilibrated. The temperature and oxygen fugacity of the CK and CV chondrites can be compared in order to help define their formation history.

  4. Plant peroxisomes are degraded by starvation-induced and constitutive autophagy in tobacco BY-2 suspension-cultured cells

    PubMed Central

    Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V.; Schiermeyer, Andreas; Reumann, Sigrun

    2014-01-01

    Very recently, autophagy has been recognized as an important degradation pathway for quality control of peroxisomes in Arabidopsis plants. To further characterize the role of autophagy in plant peroxisome degradation, we generated stable transgenic suspension-cultured cell lines of heterotrophic Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow 2 expressing a peroxisome-targeted version of enhanced yellow fluorescent protein. Indeed, this cell line model system proved advantageous for detailed cytological analyses of autophagy stages and for quantification of cellular peroxisome pools under different culturing conditions and upon inhibitor applications. Complementary biochemical, cytological, and pharmacological analyses provided convincing evidence for peroxisome degradation by bulk autophagy during carbohydrate starvation. This degradation was slowed down by the inhibitor of autophagy, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), but the 3-MA effect ceased at advanced stages of starvation, indicating that another degradation mechanism for peroxisomes might have taken over. 3-MA also caused an increase particularly in peroxisomal proteins and cellular peroxisome numbers when applied under nutrient-rich conditions in the logarithmic growth phase, suggesting a high turnover rate for peroxisomes by basal autophagy under non-stress conditions. Together, our data demonstrate that a great fraction of the peroxisome pool is subject to extensive autophagy-mediated turnover under both nutrient starvation and optimal growth conditions. Our analyses of the cellular pool size of peroxisomes provide a new tool for quantitative investigations of the role of plant peroxisomes in reactive oxygen species metabolism. PMID:25477890

  5. Plant peroxisomes are degraded by starvation-induced and constitutive autophagy in tobacco BY-2 suspension-cultured cells.

    PubMed

    Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V; Schiermeyer, Andreas; Reumann, Sigrun

    2014-01-01

    Very recently, autophagy has been recognized as an important degradation pathway for quality control of peroxisomes in Arabidopsis plants. To further characterize the role of autophagy in plant peroxisome degradation, we generated stable transgenic suspension-cultured cell lines of heterotrophic Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow 2 expressing a peroxisome-targeted version of enhanced yellow fluorescent protein. Indeed, this cell line model system proved advantageous for detailed cytological analyses of autophagy stages and for quantification of cellular peroxisome pools under different culturing conditions and upon inhibitor applications. Complementary biochemical, cytological, and pharmacological analyses provided convincing evidence for peroxisome degradation by bulk autophagy during carbohydrate starvation. This degradation was slowed down by the inhibitor of autophagy, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), but the 3-MA effect ceased at advanced stages of starvation, indicating that another degradation mechanism for peroxisomes might have taken over. 3-MA also caused an increase particularly in peroxisomal proteins and cellular peroxisome numbers when applied under nutrient-rich conditions in the logarithmic growth phase, suggesting a high turnover rate for peroxisomes by basal autophagy under non-stress conditions. Together, our data demonstrate that a great fraction of the peroxisome pool is subject to extensive autophagy-mediated turnover under both nutrient starvation and optimal growth conditions. Our analyses of the cellular pool size of peroxisomes provide a new tool for quantitative investigations of the role of plant peroxisomes in reactive oxygen species metabolism.

  6. Psychophysical scaling of circular vection (CV) produced by optokinetic (OKN) motion: individual differences and effects of practice.

    PubMed

    Kennedy, R S; Hettinger, L J; Harm, D L; Ordy, J M; Dunlap, W P

    1996-01-01

    Vection (V) refers to the compelling visual illusion of self-motion experienced by stationary individuals when viewing moving visual surrounds. The phenomenon is of theoretical interest because of its relevance for understanding the neural basis of ordinary self-motion perception, and of practical importance because it is the experience that makes simulation, virtual reality displays, and entertainment devices more vicarious. This experiment was performed to address whether an optokinetically induced vection illusion exhibits monotonic and stable psychometric properties and whether individuals differ reliably in these (V) perceptions. Subjects were exposed to varying velocities of the circular vection (CV) display in an optokinetic (OKN) drum 2 meters in diameter in 5 one-hour daily sessions extending over a 1 week period. For grouped data, psychophysical scalings of velocity estimates showed that exponents in a Stevens' type power function were essentially linear (slope = 0.95) and largely stable over sessions. Latencies were slightly longer for the slowest and fastest induction stimuli, and the trend over sessions for average latency was longer as a function of practice implying time course adaptation effects. Test-retest reliabilities for individual slope and intercept measures were moderately strong (r = 0.45) and showed no evidence of superdiagonal form. This implies stability of the individual circularvection (CV) sensitivities. Because the individual CV scores were stable, reliabilities were improved by averaging 4 sessions in order to provide a stronger retest reliability (r = 0.80). Individual latency responses were highly reliable (r = 0.80). Mean CV latency and motion sickness symptoms were greater in males than in females. These individual differences in CV could be predictive of other outcomes, such as susceptibility to disorientation or motion sickness, and for CNS localization of visual-vestibular interactions in the experience of self-motion.

  7. Rhizosecretion improves the production of Cyanovirin-N in Nicotiana tabacum through simplified downstream processing.

    PubMed

    Madeira, Luisa M; Szeto, Tim H; Ma, Julian K-C; Drake, Pascal M W

    2016-07-01

    Rhizosecretion has many advantages for the production of recombinant pharmaceuticals, notably facile downstream processing from hydroponic medium. The aim of this study was to increase yields of the HIV microbicide candidate, Cyanovirin-N (CV-N), obtained using this production platform and to develop a simplified methodology for its downstream processing from hydroponic medium. Placing hydroponic cultures on an orbital shaker more than doubled the concentration of CV-N in the hydroponic medium compared to plants which remained stationary, reaching a maximum of approximately 20μg/ml in one week, which is more than 3 times higher than previously reported yields. The protein composition of the hydroponic medium, the rhizosecretome, was characterised in plants cultured with or without the plant growth regulator alpha-napthaleneacetic acid by LC-ESI-MS/MS, and CV-N was the most abundant protein. The issue of large volumes in the rhizosecretion system was addressed by using ion exchange chromatography to concentrate CV-N and partially remove impurities. The semi-purified CV-N was demonstrated to bind to HIV gp120 in an ELISA and to neutralise HIVBa-L with an IC50 of 6nM in a cell-based assay. Rhizosecretion is therefore a practicable and inexpensive method for the production of functional CV-N. Copyright © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  8. Reclassification of Hart and Northwest Africa 6047: Criteria for distinguishing between CV and CK3 chondrites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dunn, Tasha L.; Gross, Juliane

    2017-11-01

    The single parent body model for the CV and CK chondrites (Greenwood et al.) was challenged by Dunn et al., who argued that magnetite compositions could not be reconciled by a single metamorphic sequence (i.e., CV3 → CK3 → CK4-6). Cr isotopic compositions, which are distinguishable between the CV and CK chondrites, also support two different parent bodies (Yin et al.). Despite this, there are many petrographic and mineralogical similarities between the unequilibrated (petrologic type 3) CK chondrites and the CV chondrites (also type 3), which may result in misclassification of samples. Hart and Northwest Africa 6047 (NWA 6047) are an excellent example of this. In this study, we revisit the classification of Hart and NWA 6047 using magnetite compositions, petrography, and compositions of olivine, the most ubiquitous mineral in both CV and CK chondrites. Not only do our results suggest that NWA 6047 and Hart were misclassified, but our assessment of CV and CK3 chondrites has also led to the development of criteria that can be used to distinguish between CV and CK3 chondrites. These criteria include: abundances of Cr2O3, TiO2, NiO, and Al2O3 in magnetite; Fa content and NiO abundance of matrix olivine; FeO content of chondrules; and the chondrule:matrix ratio. Classification as a CV chondrite is also supported by the presence of igneous chondrule rims, calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions, and an elongated petrofabric. However, none of these petrographic characteristics can be used conclusively to distinguish between CV and CK3 chondrites.

  9. Physicochemical characterization of a new pineapple hybrid (FLHORAN41 Cv.).

    PubMed

    Brat, Pierre; Hoang, Lan Nguyen Thi; Soler, Alain; Reynes, Max; Brillouet, Jean-Marc

    2004-10-06

    The physicochemical characteristics (pH, total and soluble solids, and titratable acidity), sugars, organic acids, carotenoids, anthocyanins, volatile compounds, and cell wall polysaccharides of a new pineapple hybrid (FLHORAN41 cultivar) were measured throughout maturation and compared with the Smooth Cayenne cv. At full maturity, the FLHORAN41 cv. has a higher titratable acidity and soluble solids content than the Smooth Cayenne cv. The golden yellow flesh and red-orange to scarlet shell of ripe FLHORAN41 cv. fruits are due to carotenoid and anthocyanin levels that are, respectively, 2.5 and 1.5 times higher than those of the flesh and shell of the ripe Smooth Cayenne cv., respectively. During maturation of the FLHORAN41 cv., there was an increase in all classes of aroma compounds (mainly terpene hydrocarbons and esters), although their relative proportions were similar in both cultivars at full maturity. Cell wall polysaccharides undergo little change during maturation.

  10. Sensory role of actin in auxin-dependent responses of tobacco BY-2.

    PubMed

    Huang, Xiang; Maisch, Jan; Nick, Peter

    2017-11-01

    Polar auxin transport depends on the polar localization of auxin-efflux carriers. The cycling of these carriers between cell interior and plasma membrane depends on actin. The dynamic of actin not only affects auxin transport, but also changes the auxin-responsiveness. To study the potential link between auxin responsiveness and actin dynamics, we investigated developmental responses of the non-transformed BY-2 (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Bright Yellow 2) cell line and the transgenic BY-2 strain GF11 (stably transformed BY-2 cells with a GFP-fimbrin actin-binding domain 2 construct). The developmental process was divided into three distinct stages: cell cycling, cell elongation and file disintegration. Several phenotypes were measured to monitor the cellular responses to different concentrations of exogenous natural auxin (Indole-3-acetic acid, IAA). We found that auxin stimulated and prolonged the mitotic activity, and delayed the exit from the proliferation phase. However, both responses were suppressed in the GF11 line. At the stationary phase of the cultivation cycle, auxin strongly accelerated the cell file disintegration. Interestingly, it was not suppressed but progressed to a more complete disintegration in the GF11 line. During the cultivation cycle, we also followed the organization of actin in the GF11 line and did not detect any significant difference in actin organization from untreated control or exogenous IAA treatment. Therefore, our findings indicate that the specific differences observed in the GF11 line must be linked with a function of actin that is not structural. It means that there is a sensory role of actin for auxin signaling. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

  11. Self-assembling of impurity clusters in AlN:(Ga, BV, CV), (BV, CV = P, As; P, Sb; As, Sb)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Elyukhin, V. A.

    2015-11-01

    The self-assembling conditions of arrays of tetrahedral impurity clusters of two types in zinc blende AlN:(Ga, BV, CV), (BV, CV = P, As; P, Sb; As, Sb) are represented. Doping with one cation and two anion isoelectronic impurities transforms AlN into AlN-rich GaxAl1-xBVyCVzN1-y-z alloy of GaBV, GaCV, GaN, AlBV, AlCV and AlN. The cause of self-assembling is the preference of GaBV, GaCV and AlN bonding over that of GaN, AlBV, AlCV. The conditions are considered from 0 °C to 1000 °C in the dilute and ultra dilute limits for the cation and anion impurities, correspondingly. The temperature ranges between the cluster occurrence and self-assembling completion when the same anion impurities are in clusters are very small. 1P4Ga and 1As4Ga cluster occurrence temperatures are equal, correspondingly, to 797 °C and 736 °C at Ga content 2% and P and As contents 0.01%. 1P4Ga and 1Sb4Ga cluster occurrence temperatures are equal, correspondingly, to 976 °C and 736 °C at the same impurity contents. The cluster densities in AlN:(Ga, As, Sb) are close to those in AlN:(Ga, P, Sb). The results demonstrate that studied semiconductors are promising materials to produce arrays of identical ∼1 nm low band gap objects of two types embedded in the wide band gap matrix.

  12. A New CV3 Chondrite Find

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Treiman, A. H.; Dehart, J. M.

    1992-07-01

    A new meteorite find from West Texas, U.S.A., is a CV3 carbonaceous chondrite. The provisional name of Red Bluff has been proposed to the Nomenclature Committee by R. Farrell. Red Bluff consists of chondrules (56.4%), CAIs (8.3%), amoboid olivine aggregates (0.6%), mineral fragments (0.8%), and Ca-Al chondrules (0.4%) in a fine-grained, clay-rich matrix (33.1%). Chondrules in Red Bluff are spherical to irregular in shape, and from 0.25-3.5 mm diameter in thin section; the average diameter is 0.95 mm, with standard deviation of 0.6 mm (69 chondrules). Three of the chondrules are distinctly larger than the rest; without these three, the average diameter is 0.86 mm (s.d. 0.4 mm). The chondrules are almost all of type I (Fe-poor), as shown by cathodoluminescence and chemical analyses; most are also rich in opaques. Compositions of chondrule olivines average Fa1.9+-1.2 (s.d.); compositions of chondrule pyroxenes average Fs3.4+-3.3 (s.d.). Chondrule varieties include porphyritic olivine, microporphyritic olivine, granular olivine, macroporphyritic olivine, barred olivine, and rare extracentroradial pyroxene (0.25 mm diam.) [1,2]. Two calcium-aluminum chondrules were observed. The largest, 1.5 mm diam., contains spinel, plagioclase, and fassaite, and includes a circular spinel palisade [3]. The other Ca-Al chondrule is within a coarse-grained CAI, and could also be a well-developed spinel palisade [3]. Fine- and coarse-grained CAIs are present but have been studied little; most appear to be type B (melilite+pyroxene+plagioclase). Red Bluff's matrix is composed of fine-grained clay, with minor olivine, "limonite," troilite, and Fe metal. Alignment of grains and oxide-rich streaks in the matrix mark a planar fabric that wraps around chondrules and inclusions. Chondrules are commonly surrounded by shells of dark red alteration, darker than the bulk of matrix material. Red Bluff is weathered. It is stained red by oxidized iron minerals, which are most common as veinlets

  13. Transfer of the cytochrome P450-dependent dhurrin pathway from Sorghum bicolor into Nicotiana tabacum chloroplasts for light-driven synthesis

    PubMed Central

    Gnanasekaran, Thiyagarajan; Karcher, Daniel; Nielsen, Agnieszka Zygadlo; Martens, Helle Juel; Ruf, Stephanie; Kroop, Xenia; Olsen, Carl Erik; Motawie, Mohammed Saddik; Pribil, Mathias; Møller, Birger Lindberg; Bock, Ralph; Jensen, Poul Erik

    2016-01-01

    Plant chloroplasts are light-driven cell factories that have great potential to act as a chassis for metabolic engineering applications. Using plant chloroplasts, we demonstrate how photosynthetic reducing power can drive a metabolic pathway to synthesise a bio-active natural product. For this purpose, we stably engineered the dhurrin pathway from Sorghum bicolor into the chloroplasts of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). Dhurrin is a cyanogenic glucoside and its synthesis from the amino acid tyrosine is catalysed by two membrane-bound cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP79A1 and CYP71E1) and a soluble glucosyltransferase (UGT85B1), and is dependent on electron transfer from a P450 oxidoreductase. The entire pathway was introduced into the chloroplast by integrating CYP79A1, CYP71E1, and UGT85B1 into a neutral site of the N. tabacum chloroplast genome. The two P450s and the UGT85B1 were functional when expressed in the chloroplasts and converted endogenous tyrosine into dhurrin using electrons derived directly from the photosynthetic electron transport chain, without the need for the presence of an NADPH-dependent P450 oxidoreductase. The dhurrin produced in the engineered plants amounted to 0.1–0.2% of leaf dry weight compared to 6% in sorghum. The results obtained pave the way for plant P450s involved in the synthesis of economically important compounds to be engineered into the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, and demonstrate that their full catalytic cycle can be driven directly by photosynthesis-derived electrons. PMID:26969746

  14. CV 100--Still Going Strong

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Abrahams, A. L.

    1976-01-01

    Describes results of a study that used CV 100, a fuel additive for use in oil-fired heating systems, on a trial basis in 12 Ontario schools. The test showed an average 12 percent reduction in fuel costs in the schools using CV 100. (JG)

  15. Profiling of Altered Metabolomic States in Nicotiana tabacum Cells Induced by Priming Agents

    PubMed Central

    Mhlongo, Msizi I.; Steenkamp, Paul A.; Piater, Lizelle A.; Madala, Ntakadzeni E.; Dubery, Ian A.

    2016-01-01

    Metabolomics has developed into a valuable tool for advancing our understanding of plant metabolism. Plant innate immune defenses can be activated and enhanced so that, subsequent to being pre-sensitized, plants are able to launch a stronger and faster defense response upon exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, a phenomenon known as priming. Here, three contrasting chemical activators, namely acibenzolar-S-methyl, azelaic acid and riboflavin, were used to induce a primed state in Nicotiana tabacum cells. Identified biomarkers were then compared to responses induced by three phytohormones—abscisic acid, methyljasmonate, and salicylic acid. Altered metabolomes were studied using a metabolite fingerprinting approach based on liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Multivariate data models indicated that these inducers cause time-dependent metabolic perturbations in the cultured cells and revealed biomarkers of which the levels are affected by these agents. A total of 34 metabolites were annotated from the mass spectral data and online databases. Venn diagrams were used to identify common biomarkers as well as those unique to a specific agent. Results implicate 20 cinnamic acid derivatives conjugated to (i) quinic acid (chlorogenic acids), (ii) tyramine, (iii) polyamines, or (iv) glucose as discriminatory biomarkers of priming in tobacco cells. Functional roles for most of these metabolites in plant defense responses could thus be proposed. Metabolites induced by the activators belong to the early phenylpropanoid pathway, which indicates that different stimuli can activate similar pathways but with different metabolite fingerprints. Possible linkages to phytohormone-dependent pathways at a metabolomic level were indicated in the case of cells treated with salicylic acid and methyljasmonate. The results contribute to a better understanding of the priming phenomenon and advance our knowledge of cinnamic acid derivatives as versatile defense metabolites. PMID

  16. Immediate Effect of Needling at CV-12 (Zhongwan) Acupuncture Point on Blood Glucose Level in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.

    PubMed

    Kumar, Ranjan; Mooventhan, A; Manjunath, Nandi Krishnamurthy

    2017-08-01

    Diabetes mellitus is a major global health problem. Needling at CV-12 has reduced blood glucose level in diabetic rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of needling at CV-12 (Zhongwan) on blood glucose level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Forty T2DM patients were recruited and randomized into either the acupuncture group or placebo control group. The participants in the acupuncture group were needled at CV-12 (4 cun above the center of the umbilicus), and those in the placebo control group were needled at a placebo point on the right side of the abdomen (1 cun beside the CV-12). For both groups, the needle was retained for 30 minutes. Assessments were performed prior to and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16. There was a significant reduction in random blood glucose level in the acupuncture group compared to baseline. No such significant change was observed in the placebo control group. The result of this study suggests that 30 minutes of needling at CV-12 might be useful in reducing blood glucose level in patients with T2DM. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  17. Nitric oxide modulates cadmium influx during cadmium-induced programmed cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells.

    PubMed

    Ma, Wenwen; Xu, Wenzhong; Xu, Hua; Chen, Yanshan; He, Zhenyan; Ma, Mi

    2010-07-01

    Nitric oxide (NO) is a bioactive gas and functions as a signaling molecule in plants exposed to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses including cadmium (Cd(2+)). Cd(2+) is a non-essential and toxic heavy metal, which has been reported to induce programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. Here, we investigated the role of NO in Cd(2+)-induced PCD in tobacco BY-2 cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow 2). In this work, BY-2 cells exposed to 150 microM CdCl(2) underwent PCD with TUNEL-positive nuclei, significant chromatin condensation and the increasing expression of a PCD-related gene Hsr203J. Accompanied with the occurring of PCD, the production of NO increased significantly. The supplement of NO by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) had accelerated the PCD, whereas the NO synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) and NO-specific scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) alleviated this toxicity. To investigate the mechanism by which NO exerted its function, Cd(2+) concentration was measured subsequently. SNP led more Cd(2+) content than Cd(2+) treatment alone. By contrast, the prevention of NO by L-NAME decreased Cd(2+) accumulation. Using the scanning ion-selective electrode technique, we analyzed the pattern and rate of Cd(2+) fluxes. This analysis revealed the promotion of Cd(2+) influxes into cells by application of SNP, while L-NAME and cPTIO reduced the rate of Cd(2+) uptake or even resulted in net Cd(2+) efflux. Based on these founding, we concluded that NO played a positive role in CdCl(2)-induced PCD by modulating Cd(2+) uptake and thus promoting Cd(2+) accumulation in BY-2 cells.

  18. The relationship between CK and CV chondrites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Greenwood, R. C.; Franchi, I. A.; Kearsley, A. T.; Alard, O.

    2010-03-01

    CK chondrites are highly oxidized meteorites containing abundant magnetite and trace amounts of Fe,Ni metal. Although the group is predominately composed of equilibrated meteorites (types 4-6), in recent years a significant number of new samples have been classified as being either CK3 or CK3-anomalous. These unequilibrated CKs often display a close affinity with members of the CV oxidized subgroup. CKs and CVs (oxidized subgroup) may therefore form a continuum and by implication could be derived from a single common parent body. To investigate the relationship between these two groups a detailed study of the oxygen isotope composition, opaque mineralogy and major and trace element geochemistry of a suite of CV and CK chondrites has been undertaken. The results of oxygen isotope analysis confirm the close affinity between CV and CK chondrites, while excluding the possibility of a linkage between the CO and CK groups. Magnetites in both CV and CK chondrites show significant compositional similarities, but high Ti contents are a diagnostic feature of the latter group. The results of major and trace element analysis demonstrate that both CV and CK chondrites show overlapping variation. Supporting evidence for a single common source for both groups comes from their similar cosmic-ray exposure age distributions. Recent reflectance spectral analysis is consistent with both the CVs and CKs being derived from Eos family asteroids, which are believed to have formed by the catastrophic disruption of a single large asteroid. Thus, a range of evidence appears to be consistent with CV and CK chondrites representing samples from a single thermally stratified parent body. In view of the close similarity between CV and CK chondrites some modification of the present classification scheme may be warranted, possibly involving integration of the two groups. One means of achieving this would be to reassigned CK chondrites to a subgroup of the oxidized CVs. It is recognized that a full

  19. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on arsenic accumulation by tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.).

    PubMed

    Hua, Jianfeng; Lin, Xiangui; Yin, Rui; Jiang, Qian; Shao, Yufang

    2009-01-01

    A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (from contaminated or uncontaminated soils) on arsenic (As) uptake of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in As-contaminated soil. Mycorrhizal colonization rate, dry weight, As and P uptake by plants, concentrations of water-extractable As and As fractions were determined. A low mycorrhizal colonization rate (< 25%) was detected. Our research indicated that AM fungi isolated from polluted soils were no more effective than those from unpolluted soils when grown in symbiosis with tobacco. No significant differences were observed in roots and stalks dry weights among all treatments. Leaves and total plant dry weights were much higher in Glomus versiforme treatment than that in control treatment. As contents in roots and stalks from mycorrhizal treatments were much lower than that from control treatment. Total plant As content exhibited the same trend. P concentrations in tobacco were not affected by colonization, nor were stalks, leaves and total plant P contents. Roots P contents were remarkably lower in HN treatments than in other treatments. Meanwhile, decreased soil pH and lower water-extractable As concentrations and higher levels of As fraction bound to well-crystallized hydrous oxides of Fe and Al were found in mycorrhizal treatments than in controls. The protective effect of mycorrhiza against plant As uptake may be associated with changes in As solubility mediated by changing soil pH. These results indicated that under As stress, proper mechanisms employed by AM fungi can protect tobacco against As uptake. Results confirmed that AM fungi can play an important role in food quality and safety.

  20. Potency of Nicotiana tabacum as anti - microfouling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aunurohim, Nurilma, Dian Ahmada; Kuswytasari, Nengah Dwianita

    2017-06-01

    In general, the attachment and growth of organisms on the surface of the object or material immersed in the sea are called Biofouling. Biofouling microscopic called microfouling, where it acts as a precursor of the next engaging organisms that are generally larger in size (called macrofouling). In recent time, biofouling control over the use of chemicals in antifouling paints. Usage tributyltin polishing copolymer paints (TBT - SPC paint) containing TBT has adverse effects on non-target marine organisms. This study uses tobacco dust as an anti-microfouling, which is the waste generated during the process of tobacco leaves. Five of bacterial isolates have been founded at Surabaya coastal in a preliminary test with iron plates. Then those isolates tested to detect and visualized of biofilm. The activity of anti-bacteria had been done and the result is known that more high of tobacco extract given, a diameter of zone inhibit high too. The extract of tobacco dust can be applied most effectively to be anti-microfouling is a concentration of 40%, isolates 3 and 4 are a type of bacteria that is most inhibited growth. So, in this result, Nicotiana tabacum is potential as an anti-microfouling.

  1. Transfer of the cytochrome P450-dependent dhurrin pathway from Sorghum bicolor into Nicotiana tabacum chloroplasts for light-driven synthesis.

    PubMed

    Gnanasekaran, Thiyagarajan; Karcher, Daniel; Nielsen, Agnieszka Zygadlo; Martens, Helle Juel; Ruf, Stephanie; Kroop, Xenia; Olsen, Carl Erik; Motawie, Mohammed Saddik; Pribil, Mathias; Møller, Birger Lindberg; Bock, Ralph; Jensen, Poul Erik

    2016-04-01

    Plant chloroplasts are light-driven cell factories that have great potential to act as a chassis for metabolic engineering applications. Using plant chloroplasts, we demonstrate how photosynthetic reducing power can drive a metabolic pathway to synthesise a bio-active natural product. For this purpose, we stably engineered the dhurrin pathway from Sorghum bicolor into the chloroplasts of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). Dhurrin is a cyanogenic glucoside and its synthesis from the amino acid tyrosine is catalysed by two membrane-bound cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP79A1 and CYP71E1) and a soluble glucosyltransferase (UGT85B1), and is dependent on electron transfer from a P450 oxidoreductase. The entire pathway was introduced into the chloroplast by integrating CYP79A1, CYP71E1, and UGT85B1 into a neutral site of the N. tabacum chloroplast genome. The two P450s and the UGT85B1 were functional when expressed in the chloroplasts and converted endogenous tyrosine into dhurrin using electrons derived directly from the photosynthetic electron transport chain, without the need for the presence of an NADPH-dependent P450 oxidoreductase. The dhurrin produced in the engineered plants amounted to 0.1-0.2% of leaf dry weight compared to 6% in sorghum. The results obtained pave the way for plant P450s involved in the synthesis of economically important compounds to be engineered into the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, and demonstrate that their full catalytic cycle can be driven directly by photosynthesis-derived electrons. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

  2. Degradation of crystal violet by an FeGAC/H2O2 process.

    PubMed

    Chen, Chiing-Chang; Chen, Wen-Ching; Chiou, Mei-Rung; Chen, Sheng-Wei; Chen, Yao Yin; Fan, Huan-Jung

    2011-11-30

    Because of the growing concern over highly contaminated crystal violet (CV) wastewater, an FeGAC/H(2)O(2) process was employed in this research to treat CV-contaminated wastewater. The experimental results indicated that the presence of iron oxide-coated granular activated carbon (FeGAC) greatly improved the oxidative ability of H(2)O(2) for the removal of CV. For instance, the removal efficiencies of H(2)O(2), GAC, FeGAC, GAC/H(2)O(2) and FeGAC/H(2)O(2) processes were 10%, 44%, 40%, 43% and 71%, respectively, at test conditions of pH 3 and 7.4mM H(2)O(2). FeGAC/H(2)O(2) combined both the advantages of FeGAC and H(2)O(2). FeGAC had a good CV adsorption ability and could effectively catalyze the hydrogen peroxide oxidation reaction. Factors (including pH, FeGAC dosage and H(2)O(2) dosage) affecting the removal of CV by FeGAC/H(2)O(2) were investigated in this research as well. In addition, the reaction intermediates were separated and identified using HPLC-ESI-MS. The N-demethylation step might be the main reaction pathway for the removal of CV. The reaction mechanisms for the process proposed in this research might be useful for future application of this technology to the removal of triphenylmethane (TPM) dyes. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  3. Chemical Composition and in Vitro Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and Central Nervous System Activities of the Essential Oils of Citrus medica L. cv. 'Liscia' and C. medica cv. 'Rugosa' Cultivated in Southern Italy.

    PubMed

    Aliberti, Luigi; Caputo, Lucia; De Feo, Vincenzo; De Martino, Laura; Nazzaro, Filomena; Souza, Lucéia Fátima

    2016-09-18

    Citrus medica cv. 'liscia' and C. medica cv. 'rugosa' are two taxa of citron, belonging to the biodiversity of South Italy, in particular of Amalfi Coast, in the Campania region. The chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) from fruit peels of both C. medica cultivars was studied by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. In all, 100 compounds were identified, 82 for C. medica cv. 'liscia', accounting for 91.4% of the total oil, and 88 for C. medica cv. 'rugosa', accounting for 92.0% of the total oil. Monoterpene hydrocarbons are the main constituents in both oils of C. medica cv. 'liscia' (79.1%) and C. medica cv. 'rugosa' (80.2%). In both oils, limonene (67.2%-62.8%) and camphene (8.5%-10.9%) are the main constituents. The antimicrobial activity of the EOs was assayed against some bacterial strains: Bacillus cereus (DSM 4313), Bacillus cereus (DSM 4384), Staphylococcus aureus (DSM 25693), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 50071), and Escherichia coli (DSM 8579). Low concentrations of C. medica cv. 'rugosa' EO showed an inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa and higher concentrations inhibited more B. cereus (4384) and E. coli than S. aureus. The cytotoxicity of the EO was evaluated against SH-SY5Y cell line. The influence of the EO on the expression of adenylate cyclase 1 (ADCY1) was also studied. The antimicrobial activity registered confirm their traditional uses as food preserving agents and led us to hypothesize the possible use of these oils as antimicrobials. The alterations in ADCY1 expression suggested a role for limonene in effects on the central nervous system.

  4. A randomized study of the immunogenicity and safety of Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV) in comparison with SA14-14-2 vaccine in children in the Republic of Korea.

    PubMed

    Kim, Dong Soo; Houillon, Guy; Jang, Gwang Cheon; Cha, Sung-Ho; Choi, Soo-Han; Lee, Jin; Kim, Hwang Min; Kim, Ji Hong; Kang, Jin Han; Kim, Jong-Hyun; Kim, Ki Hwan; Kim, Hee Soo; Bang, Joon; Naimi, Zulaikha; Bosch-Castells, Valérie; Boaz, Mark; Bouckenooghe, Alain

    2014-01-01

    A new live attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV) has been developed based on innovative technology to give protection against JE with an improved immunogenicity and safety profile. In this phase 3, observer-blind study, 274 children aged 12-24 months were randomized 1:1 to receive one dose of JE-CV (Group JE-CV) or the SA14-14-2 vaccine currently used to vaccinate against JE in the Republic of Korea (Group SA14-14-2). JE neutralizing antibody titers were assessed using PRNT50 before and 28 days after vaccination. The primary endpoint of non-inferiority of seroconversion rates on D28 was demonstrated in the Per Protocol analysis set as the difference between Group JE-CV and Group SA14-14-2 was 0.9 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.35; 4.68), which was above the required -10%. Seroconversion and seroprotection rates 28 days after administration of a single vaccine dose were 100% in Group JE-CV and 99.1% in Group SA14-14-2; all children except one (Group SA14-14-2) were seroprotected. Geometric mean titers (GMTs) increased in both groups from D0 to D28; GM of titer ratios were slightly higher in Group JE-CV (182 [95% CI: 131; 251]) than Group SA14-14-2 (116 [95% CI: 85.5, 157]). A single dose of JE-CV was well tolerated and no safety concerns were identified. In conclusion, a single dose of JE-CV or SA14-14-2 vaccine elicited a comparable immune response with a good safety profile. Results obtained in healthy Korean children aged 12-24 months vaccinated with JE-CV are consistent with those obtained in previous studies conducted with JE-CV in toddlers.

  5. EARTH, MOON, SUN, AND CV ACCRETION DISKS

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Montgomery, M. M.

    2009-11-01

    Net tidal torque by the secondary on a misaligned accretion disk, like the net tidal torque by the Moon and the Sun on the equatorial bulge of the spinning and tilted Earth, is suggested by others to be a source to retrograde precession in non-magnetic, accreting cataclysmic variable (CV) dwarf novae (DN) systems that show negative superhumps in their light curves. We investigate this idea in this work. We generate a generic theoretical expression for retrograde precession in spinning disks that are misaligned with the orbital plane. Our generic theoretical expression matches that which describes the retrograde precession of Earths'more » equinoxes. By making appropriate assumptions, we reduce our generic theoretical expression to those generated by others, or to those used by others, to describe retrograde precession in protostellar, protoplanetary, X-ray binary, non-magnetic CV DN, quasar, and black hole systems. We find that spinning, tilted CV DN systems cannot be described by a precessing ring or by a precessing rigid disk. We find that differential rotation and effects on the disk by the accretion stream must be addressed. Our analysis indicates that the best description of a retrogradely precessing spinning, tilted, CV DN accretion disk is a differentially rotating, tilted disk with an attached rotating, tilted ring located near the innermost disk annuli. In agreement with the observations and numerical simulations by others, we find that our numerically simulated CV DN accretion disks retrogradely precess as a unit. Our final, reduced expression for retrograde precession agrees well with our numerical simulation results and with selective observational systems that seem to have main-sequence secondaries. Our results suggest that a major source to retrograde precession is tidal torques like that by the Moon and the Sun on the Earth. In addition, these tidal torques should be common to a variety of systems where one member is spinning and tilted, regardless

  6. Zeatin is indispensable for the G2-M transition in tobacco BY-2 cells.

    PubMed

    Laureys, F; Dewitte, W; Witters, E; Van Montagu, M; Inzé, D; Van Onckelen, H

    1998-04-10

    The importance of N6-isoprenoid cytokinins in the G2-M transition of Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells was investigated. Both cytokinin biosynthesis and entry in mitosis were partially blocked by application at early or late G2 of lovastatin (10 microM), an inhibitor of mevalonic acid synthesis. LC-MS/MS quantification of endogenous cytokinins proved that lovastatin affects cytokinin biosynthesis by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. Out of eight different aminopurines and a synthetic auxin tested for their ability to override lovastatin inhibition of mitosis, only zeatin was active. Our data point to a key role for a well-defined cytokinin (here, zeatin) in the G2-M transition of tobacco BY-2 cells.

  7. Comparative adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ by cow manure and its vermicompost.

    PubMed

    Zhu, Weiqin; Du, Wenhui; Shen, Xuyang; Zhang, Hangjun; Ding, Ying

    2017-08-01

    Organic waste has great potential for use as an amendment to immobilize heavy metals in the environment. Therefore, this study investigates various properties of cow manure (CM) and its derived vermicompost (CV), including the pH, cationic exchangeable capacity (CEC), elemental composition and surface structure, to determine the potential of these waste products to remove Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ from solution. The results demonstrate that CV has a much higher pH, CEC and more irregular pores than CM and is enriched with minerals and ash content but has a lower C, H, O and N content. Adsorption isotherms studies shows that the adsorption of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ onto either CM or CV follows a Langmuir model and presents maximum Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ adsorption capacities of 102.77 mg g -1 and 38.11 mg g -1 onto CM and 170.65 and 43.01 mg g -1 onto CV, respectively. Kinetic studies show that the adsorption of Pb 2+ onto CM and CV fits an Elovich model, whereas the adsorption of Cd 2+ onto CM and CV fits a pseudo-second-order model. Desorption studies indicate that CV is more effective than CM in removing Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ . FTIR analysis demonstrates that the adsorption of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ onto CM mainly depends on existed aliphatic alcohol, aromatic acid as well as new produced carbonates, whereas that onto CV may be contributed by the existed aliphatic alcohol, aromatic acids as well as some carbonates and phosphates. Thus, vermicomposting disposal of cow manure with destination mineral addition may broaden the way of its recycle and environmental usage. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. NtPDR3, an iron-deficiency inducible ABC transporter in Nicotiana tabacum.

    PubMed

    Ducos, Eric; Fraysse, Staffan; Boutry, Marc

    2005-12-19

    In plants, the ABC transporter PDR (pleiotropic drug resistance) subfamily is composed of approximately 15 genes, few of which have been analyzed. We have identified NtPDR3, a Nicotiana tabacum PDR gene belonging to a cluster for which no functional data was previously available. NtPDR3 was found to be induced in suspension cells treated with methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, 1-naphthalene acetic acid, or cembrene, a macrocyclic diterpene. In agreement with the identification of a putative iron deficiency element in the NtPDR3 transcription promoter region, we found that iron deficiency in the culture medium induced NtPDR3 expression, thus suggesting a new function of the PDR transporter family.

  9. Solanum tuberosum L. cv Jayoung Epidermis Extract Inhibits Mite Antigen-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice by Regulating the Th1/Th2 Balance and Expression of Filaggrin.

    PubMed

    Yang, Gabsik; Cheon, Se-Yun; Chung, Kyung-Sook; Lee, Sung-Jin; Hong, Chul-Hee; Lee, Kyung-Tae; Jang, Dae-Sik; Jeong, Jin-Cheol; Kwon, Oh-Keun; Nam, Jung-Hwan; An, Hyo-Jin

    2015-09-01

    Solanum tuberosum L. cv Jayoung (JY) is a potato with dark purple flesh and contains substantial amounts of polyphenols. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of S. tuberosum L. cv JY in a mouse model of Dermatophagoides farinae body (Dfb)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD). The ethanol extract of the peel of JY (EPJ) ameliorated Dfb-induced dermatitis severity, serum levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine. Histological analysis of the skin also revealed that EPJ treatment significantly decreased mast cell infiltration. The suppression of dermatitis by EPJ treatment was accompanied by a decrease in the skin levels of type 2 helper T-cell cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. The induction of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, which leads to a systemic Th2 response, was also decreased in the skin by EPJ. Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB p65 was decreased by EPJ in Dfb-induced NC/Nga mice. The protein expression of filaggrin in the AD-like skin lesions was restored by EPJ treatment. These results suggested that EPJ may be a potential therapeutic tool for the treatment of AD.

  10. The CV period minimum

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kolb, Ulrich; Baraffe, Isabelle

    Using improved, up-to-date stellar input physics tested against observations of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs we calculate the secular evolution of low-donor-mass CVs, including those which form with a brown dwarf donor star. Our models confirm the mismatch between the calculated minimum period (plus or minus in ~= 70 min) and the observed short-period cut-off (~= 80 min) in the CV period histogram. Theoretical period distributions synthesized from our model sequences always show an accumulation of systems at the minimum period, a feature absent in the observed distribution. We suggest that non-magnetic CVs become unobservable as they are effectively trapped in permanent quiescence before they reach plus or minus in, and that small-number statistics may hide the period spike for magnetic CVs. We calculate the minimum period for high mass transfer rate sequences and discuss the relevance of these for explaining the location of CV secondaries in the orbital-period-spectral-type diagram. We also show that a recently suggested revised mass-radius relation for low-mass main-sequence stars cannot explain the CV period gap.

  11. Optimisation of contained Nicotiana tabacum cultivation for the production of recombinant protein pharmaceuticals.

    PubMed

    Colgan, Richard; Atkinson, Christopher J; Paul, Matthew; Hassan, Sally; Drake, Pascal M W; Sexton, Amy L; Santa-Cruz, Simon; James, David; Hamp, Keith; Gutteridge, Colin; Ma, Julian K-C

    2010-04-01

    Nicotiana tabacum is emerging as a crop of choice for production of recombinant protein pharmaceuticals. Although there is significant commercial expertise in tobacco farming, different cultivation practices are likely to be needed when the objective is to optimise protein expression, yield and extraction, rather than the traditional focus on biomass and alkaloid production. Moreover, pharmaceutical transgenic tobacco plants are likely to be grown initially within a controlled environment, the parameters for which have yet to be established. Here, the growth characteristics and functional recombinant protein yields for two separate transgenic tobacco plant lines were investigated. The impacts of temperature, day-length, compost nitrogen content, radiation and plant density were examined. Temperature was the only environmental variable to affect IgG concentration in the plants, with higher yields observed in plants grown at lower temperature. In contrast, temperature, supplementary radiation and plant density all affected the total soluble protein yield in the same plants. Transgenic plants expressing a second recombinant protein (cyanovirin-N) responded differently to IgG transgenic plants to elevated temperature, with an increase in cyanovirin-N concentration, although the effect of the environmental variables on total soluble protein yields was the same as the IgG plants. Planting density and radiation levels were important factors affecting variability of the two recombinant protein yields in transgenic plants. Phenotypic differences were observed between the two transgenic plant lines and non-transformed N. tabacum, but the effect of different growing conditions was consistent between the three lines. Temperature, day length, radiation intensity and planting density all had a significant impact on biomass production. Taken together, the data suggest that recombinant protein yield is not affected substantially by environmental factors other than growth

  12. Characterization of secretory phospholipase A₂ with phospholipase A₁ activity in tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum (L.).

    PubMed

    Fujikawa, Yukichi; Fujikawa, Ritsuko; Iijima, Noriaki; Esaka, Muneharu

    2012-03-01

    A cDNA encoding protein with homology to plant secretory phospholipase A₂ (sPLA₂), denoted as Nt1 PLA₂, was isolated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The cDNA encodes a mature protein of 118 amino acid residues with a putative signal peptide of 29 residues. The mature form of Nt1 PLA₂ has 12 cysteines, Ca²⁺ binding loop and catalytic site domain that are commonly conserved in plant sPLA₂s. The recombinant Nt1 PLA₂ was expressed as a fusion protein with thioredoxin in E. coli BL21 cells and was purified by an ion exchange chromatography after digestion of the fusion proteins by Factor Xa protease to obtain the mature form. Interestingly, Nt1 PLA₂ could hydrolyze the ester bond at the sn-1 position of glycerophospholipids as well as at the sn-2 position, when the activities were determined using mixed-micellar phospholipids with sodium cholate. Both activities for the sn-1 and -2 positions of glycerophospholipids required Ca²⁺ essentially, and maximal activities were found in an alkaline region when phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol or phosphatidylethanolamine was used as a substrate. The level of Nt1 PLA₂ mRNA was detected at a higher level in tobacco flowers than stem, leaves and roots, and was induced by salicylic acid.

  13. Assembly of the Lactuca sativa, L. cv. Tizian draft genome sequence reveals differences within major resistance complex 1 as compared to the cv. Salinas reference genome.

    PubMed

    Verwaaijen, Bart; Wibberg, Daniel; Nelkner, Johanna; Gordin, Miriam; Rupp, Oliver; Winkler, Anika; Bremges, Andreas; Blom, Jochen; Grosch, Rita; Pühler, Alfred; Schlüter, Andreas

    2018-02-10

    Lettuce (Lactuca sativa, L.) is an important annual plant of the family Asteraceae (Compositae). The commercial lettuce cultivar Tizian has been used in various scientific studies investigating the interaction of the plant with phytopathogens or biological control agents. Here, we present the de novo draft genome sequencing and gene prediction for this specific cultivar derived from transcriptome sequence data. The assembled scaffolds amount to a size of 2.22 Gb. Based on RNAseq data, 31,112 transcript isoforms were identified. Functional predictions for these transcripts were determined within the GenDBE annotation platform. Comparison with the cv. Salinas reference genome revealed a high degree of sequence similarity on genome and transcriptome levels, with an average amino acid identity of 99%. Furthermore, it was observed that two large regions are either missing or are highly divergent within the cv. Tizian genome compared to cv. Salinas. One of these regions covers the major resistance complex 1 region of cv. Salinas. The cv. Tizian draft genome sequence provides a valuable resource for future functional and transcriptome analyses focused on this lettuce cultivar. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  14. Involvement of the putative Ca²⁺-permeable mechanosensitive channels, NtMCA1 and NtMCA2, in Ca²⁺ uptake, Ca²⁺-dependent cell proliferation and mechanical stress-induced gene expression in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) BY-2 cells.

    PubMed

    Kurusu, Takamitsu; Yamanaka, Takuya; Nakano, Masataka; Takiguchi, Akiko; Ogasawara, Yoko; Hayashi, Teruyuki; Iida, Kazuko; Hanamata, Shigeru; Shinozaki, Kazuo; Iida, Hidetoshi; Kuchitsu, Kazuyuki

    2012-07-01

    To gain insight into the cellular functions of the mid1-complementing activity (MCA) family proteins, encoding putative Ca²⁺-permeable mechanosensitive channels, we isolated two MCA homologs of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) BY-2 cells, named NtMCA1 and NtMCA2. NtMCA1 and NtMCA2 partially complemented the lethality and Ca²⁺ uptake defects of yeast mutants lacking mechanosensitive Ca²⁺ channel components. Furthermore, in yeast cells overexpressing NtMCA1 and NtMCA2, the hypo-osmotic shock-induced Ca²⁺ influx was enhanced. Overexpression of NtMCA1 or NtMCA2 in BY-2 cells enhanced Ca²⁺ uptake, and significantly alleviated growth inhibition under Ca²⁺ limitation. NtMCA1-overexpressing BY-2 cells showed higher sensitivity to hypo-osmotic shock than control cells, and induced the expression of the touch-inducible gene, NtERF4. We found that both NtMCA1-GFP and NtMCA2-GFP were localized at the plasma membrane and its interface with the cell wall, Hechtian strands, and at the cell plate and perinuclear vesicles of dividing cells. NtMCA2 transcript levels fluctuated during the cell cycle and were highest at the G1 phase. These results suggest that NtMCA1 and NtMCA2 play roles in Ca²⁺-dependent cell proliferation and mechanical stress-induced gene expression in BY-2 cells, by regulating the Ca²⁺ influx through the plasma membrane.

  15. Isotopic coherence of refractory inclusions from CV and CK meteorites: Evidence from multiple isotope systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shollenberger, Quinn R.; Borg, Lars E.; Render, Jan; Ebert, Samuel; Bischoff, Addi; Russell, Sara S.; Brennecka, Gregory A.

    2018-05-01

    Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) are the oldest dated materials in the Solar System and numerous previous studies have revealed nucleosynthetic anomalies relative to terrestrial rock standards in many isotopic systems. However, most of the isotopic data from CAIs has been limited to the Allende meteorite and a handful of other CV3 chondrites. To better constrain the isotopic composition of the CAI-forming region, we report the first Sr, Mo, Ba, Nd, and Sm isotopic compositions of two CAIs hosted in the CK3 desert meteorites NWA 4964 and NWA 6254 along with two CAIs from the CV3 desert meteorites NWA 6619 and NWA 6991. After consideration of neutron capture processes and the effects of hot-desert weathering, the Sr, Mo, Ba, Nd, and Sm stable isotopic compositions of the samples show clearly resolvable nucleosynthetic anomalies that are in agreement with previous results from Allende and other CV meteorites. The extent of neutron capture, as manifested by shifts in the observed 149Sm-150Sm isotopic composition of the CAIs is used to estimate the neutron fluence experienced by some of these samples and ranges from 8.40 × 1013 to 2.11 × 1015 n/cm2. Overall, regardless of CAI type or host meteorite, CAIs from CV and CK chondrites have similar nucleosynthetic anomalies within analytical uncertainty. We suggest the region that CV and CK CAIs formed was largely uniform with respect to Sr, Mo, Ba, Nd, and Sm isotopes when CAIs condensed and that CAIs hosted in CV and CK meteorites are derived from the same isotopic reservoir.

  16. Effects of idebenone (CV-2619) and its metabolites on respiratory activity and lipid peroxidation in brain mitochondria from rats and dogs.

    PubMed

    Sugiyama, Y; Fujita, T; Matsumoto, M; Okamoto, K; Imada, I

    1985-12-01

    The effects of idebenone (CV-2619) and its metabolites on respiratory activity and lipid peroxidation in isolated brain mitochondria from rats and dogs were studied. CV-2619 was easily reduced by canine brain mitochondria in the presence of respiratory substrates. Reduced CV-2619 (2H-CV-2619) was rapidly oxidized through the cytochrome b chain, indicating that the compound functioned simply as an electron carrier of mitochondrial respiratory system. Both nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)- and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent lipid peroxidations were examined in canine brain mitochondria in the presence of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and Fe3+. NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity was sensitive to NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation. CV-2619 (10(-5)M) strongly inhibited both types of the lipid peroxidation reactions and protected the resultant inactivation of the NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity. Activities of succinate oxidase in rat and canine brain mitochondria were virtually unaffected by CV-2619 and its metabolites (10(-5)-10(-6) M). On the other hand, CV-2619 markedly suppressed the state 3 respiration in glutamate oxidation in a dose dependent manner without any effect on the state 4 respiration and the ADP/O ratio in intact rat brain mitochondria. The inhibitory effect of CV-2619 was also observed in NADH-cytochrome c reductase, but not in NADH-2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP) and NADH-ubiquinone reductases in canine brain mitochondria. These facts and results of inhibitor analysis suggest that the action site of CV-2619 is NADH-linked complex I in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and is different from that of inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation such as rotenone, oligomycin and 2,4-dinitrophenol. Finally, the above findings suggest that CV-2619 acts as an electron carrier in respiratory chains and functions as an antioxidant against membrane damage caused by lipid peroxidation in brain mitochondria. It appears

  17. Anonymous voting for multi-dimensional CV quantum system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rong-Hua, Shi; Yi, Xiao; Jin-Jing, Shi; Ying, Guo; Moon-Ho, Lee

    2016-06-01

    We investigate the design of anonymous voting protocols, CV-based binary-valued ballot and CV-based multi-valued ballot with continuous variables (CV) in a multi-dimensional quantum cryptosystem to ensure the security of voting procedure and data privacy. The quantum entangled states are employed in the continuous variable quantum system to carry the voting information and assist information transmission, which takes the advantage of the GHZ-like states in terms of improving the utilization of quantum states by decreasing the number of required quantum states. It provides a potential approach to achieve the efficient quantum anonymous voting with high transmission security, especially in large-scale votes. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61272495, 61379153, and 61401519), the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20130162110012), and the MEST-NRF of Korea (Grant No. 2012-002521).

  18. Cryopreservation of banana's cv Grand Naine in vitro rhizomes.

    PubMed

    Londe, Luciana C N; Vendrame, Wagner A; Sanaei, Massy; Oliveira, Alexandre B DE

    2018-01-01

    The preservation of banana genetic material is usually performed through seedlings. However, most banana cultivars do not produce seed and are propagated vegetatively. Therefore, cryopreservation is a feasible technique that allows the preservation of banana genotypes indefinitely. For the success of cryopreservation protocols, the selection of cryoprotectants and pre-freezing techniques are important factor. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify the effects of different cryoprotectants with and without 1% phloroglucinol and pre-cooling periods on the development of a protocol for cryopreservation of in vitro rhizomes ofMusa accuminata(AAA) cv Grand Naine banana. The addition of 1% phloroglucinol to the cryoprotective solutions, such as PVS2 enhanced recovery of cryopreserved banana rhizomes. In addition, pre-cooling of explants in ice for 3 hours in PVS2 + 1% of phloroglucinol allowed efficient cryopreservation of banana rhizomes, followed by successful recovery and regeneration of in vitro shoots of banana cv Grand Naine.

  19. [Effect of electroacupuncture at Zhongwan(CV 12) on skin microcirculatory blood perfusion units along the conception vessel in yang-deficiency volunteers].

    PubMed

    Shen, Cimin; Xu, Jinsen; Zheng, Shuxia; Lin, Lijiao; Yang, Xiaomei; Liu, Chunlan

    2016-02-01

    To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) at Zhongwan(CV 12) on the energy metabolism along the conception vessel(CV) in volunteers with yang-deficiency constitution,and to explore the relationship of electroacupuncture regulation and body constitution. Eighteen volunteers with mild constitution and 18 volunteers with yang-deficiency constitution were collected out of 200 students of Fujian University of TCM by body constitution questionnaire. Skin microcirculatory blood perfusion units (MBPU) at Danzhong (CV 17), Xiawan(CV 10) and Qihai(CV 6) of CV were measured by a laser Doppler flowmetry in the normal condition and after EA stimulation at Zhongwan(CV 12) for 20 min. (1)Before treatment, (1)MBPU values at Danzhong(CV 17), Xiawan(CV 10) and Qihai(CV 6) in the yang-deficiency constitution group were lower than those in the mild constitution group,but there was no statistical significance (both P>0. 05) except Danzhong(CV 17) (P<0. 01). (Z)As for the three acupoints in the mild constitution group, MBPU level of Danzhong(CV 17) was higher than that of Xiawan(CV 10) without statistical significance(P->0. 05),and MBPU values of Danzhong(CV 17) and Xiawan(CV 10) were higher than that of Qihai(CV 6) (both P<0. 01). (3About the three acupoints in the yang-deficiency constitution group, MBPU result of Danzhong(CV 17) was lower than the value of Xiawan(CV 10), but higher compared with Qihai(CV 6)(P<0. 05, P<0. 01). MBPU of Xiawan(CV 10) was higher than Qihai (CV 6) as well(P<0. 01). (2) MBPU values of Danzhong(CV 17), Xiawan(CV 10) and Qihai(CV 6) were increased apparently compared with those before treatment after EA stimulation at Zhongwan(CV 12) for 20 min in the two groups(all P<0. 01). (3) The rise rates of MBPU level about Danzhong(CV 17) and Qihai(CV 6) in the yang-deficiency constitution group were higher than those in the mild constitution group without statistical significance after EA at Zhongwan(CV 12) for 20 min(both P>0. 05). The energy metabolism in CV

  20. CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)

    The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2006-10-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal

  1. Aqueous Alteration of the Grosnaja CV3 Carbonaceous Chondrite

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Keller, L. P.; McKay, D. S.

    1993-07-01

    alteration product of matrix olivine. Olivine in matrix is equilibrated (Fa(sub)50). The matrix olivines contain numerous planar defects along (100) planes, which results in strong streaking along a* in electron diffraction patterns. These planar defects in matrix olivines are common in other CV chondrites, including Bali [3] and Mokoia [1]. Chondrule mesostasis is extensively altered to coarse-grained Na-saponite that is coherently interstratified with a 1.4-nm phyllosilicate (as shown by selected-area electron diffraction patterns). The 1.4-nm layers occur individually and in groups up to five layers wide. Serpentine has not been observed in chondrules. The Mg/Mg + Fe (atomic) ratio for the saponite is ~0.9, the same as for the host chondrule olivines. The formation of phyllosilicates in Grosnaja was controlled by local bulk compositions. The abundance of Na and Al in chondrule mesostasis stabilized Na-saponite, while in matrix, the high olivine content resulted in formation of serpentine. Grosnaja is unusual for a CV chondrite in that the dominant phyllosilicates in matrix are serpentine and chlorite, whereas smectite is the dominant phyllosilicate for the other altered CV chondrites [3]. This result suggests that alteration conditions were different for Grosnaja relative to the other CV falls. We believe that the occurrence of chlorite in both matrix and chondrules indicates alteration at temperatures higher than those experienced by the other altered CV chondrites. The heat source for the alteration reactions may be related to the thermal event that equilibrated matrix olivines. Acknowledgements: We thank G. Kurat of the Naturhistorisches Museum for samples of Grosnaja. This work was supported by NASA RTOPs 152-17-40-23 and 199-52-11-02. References: [1] Tomeoka K. and Buseck P. R. (1990) GCA, 54, 1745. [2] Keller L. P. and Buseck P. R. (1990) GCA, 54, 2113. [3] Keller L. P. and Thomas K. L. (1991) LPS XXII, 705. [4] McSween H. Y. (1977) GCA, 41, 1777.

  2. Effects of Colonization of the Roots of Domestic Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Amaroo) by Burkholderia pseudomallei

    PubMed Central

    Constantinoiu, Constantin; Gardiner, Christopher; Warner, Jeffrey

    2015-01-01

    Burkholderia pseudomallei is a saprophytic bacterium that causes melioidosis and is often isolated from rice fields in Southeast Asia, where the infection incidence is high among rice field workers. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between this bacterium and rice through growth experiments where the effect of colonization of domestic rice (Oryza sativa L. cv Amaroo) roots by B. pseudomallei could be observed. When B. pseudomallei was exposed to surface-sterilized seeds, the growth of both the root and the aerosphere was retarded compared to that in controls. The organism was found to localize in the root hairs and endodermis of the plant. A biofilm formed around the root and root structures that were colonized. Growth experiments with a wild rice species (Oryza meridionalis) produced similar retardation of growth, while another domestic cultivar (O. sativa L. cv Koshihikari) did not show retarded growth. Here we report B. pseudomallei infection and inhibition of O. sativa L. cv Amaroo, which might provide insights into plant interactions with this important human pathogen. PMID:25911477

  3. Phenylpropanoid Defences in Nicotiana tabacum Cells: Overlapping Metabolomes Indicate Common Aspects to Priming Responses Induced by Lipopolysaccharides, Chitosan and Flagellin-22

    PubMed Central

    Mhlongo, Msizi I.; Piater, Lizelle A.; Madala, Ntakadzeni E.; Steenkamp, Paul A.; Dubery, Ian A.

    2016-01-01

    Plants have evolved both constitutive and inducible defence strategies to cope with different biotic stimuli and stresses. Exposure of a plant to a challenging stress can lead to a primed state that allows it to launch a more rapid and stronger defence. Here we applied a metabolomic approach to study and compare the responses induced in Nicotiana tabacum cells by microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) molecules, namely lipopolysaccharides (LPS), chitosan (CHT) and flagellin-22 (FLG22). Early response metabolites, extracted with methanol, were analysed by UHPLC-MS/MS. Using multivariate statistical tools the metabolic profiles induced by these elicitors were analysed. In the metabolic fingerprint of these agents a total of 19 cinnamic acid derivatives conjugated to quinic acids (chlorogenic acids), shikimic acid, tyramine, polyamines or glucose were found as discriminant biomarkers. In addition, treatment with the phytohormones salicylic acid (SA), methyljasmonic acid (MJ) and abscisic acid (ABA) resulted in differentially-induced phenylpropanoid pathway metabolites. The results indicate that the phenylpropanoid pathway is activated by these elicitors while hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives are commonly associated with the metabolic response to the MAMPs, and that the activated responses are modulated by both SA and MJ, with ABA not playing a role. PMID:26978774

  4. Heterogeneous compute in computer vision: OpenCL in OpenCV

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gasparakis, Harris

    2014-02-01

    We explore the relevance of Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA) in Computer Vision, both as a long term vision, and as a near term emerging reality via the recently ratified OpenCL 2.0 Khronos standard. After a brief review of OpenCL 1.2 and 2.0, including HSA features such as Shared Virtual Memory (SVM) and platform atomics, we identify what genres of Computer Vision workloads stand to benefit by leveraging those features, and we suggest a new mental framework that replaces GPU compute with hybrid HSA APU compute. As a case in point, we discuss, in some detail, popular object recognition algorithms (part-based models), emphasizing the interplay and concurrent collaboration between the GPU and CPU. We conclude by describing how OpenCL has been incorporated in OpenCV, a popular open source computer vision library, emphasizing recent work on the Transparent API, to appear in OpenCV 3.0, which unifies the native CPU and OpenCL execution paths under a single API, allowing the same code to execute either on CPU or on a OpenCL enabled device, without even recompiling.

  5. The Galectin CvGal1 from the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Binds to Blood Group A Oligosaccharides on the Hemocyte Surface*

    PubMed Central

    Feng, Chiguang; Ghosh, Anita; Amin, Mohammed N.; Giomarelli, Barbara; Shridhar, Surekha; Banerjee, Aditi; Fernández-Robledo, José A.; Bianchet, Mario A.; Wang, Lai-Xi; Wilson, Iain B. H.; Vasta, Gerardo R.

    2013-01-01

    The galectin CvGal1 from the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), which possesses four tandemly arrayed carbohydrate recognition domains, was previously shown to display stronger binding to galactosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine relative to d-galactose. CvGal1 expressed by phagocytic cells is “hijacked” by the parasite Perkinsus marinus to enter the host, where it proliferates and causes systemic infection and death. In this study, a detailed glycan array analysis revealed that CvGal1 preferentially recognizes type 2 blood group A oligosaccharides. Homology modeling of the protein and its oligosaccharide ligands supported this preference over type 1 blood group A and B oligosaccharides. The CvGal ligand models were further validated by binding, inhibition, and competitive binding studies of CvGal1 and ABH-specific monoclonal antibodies with intact and deglycosylated glycoproteins, hemocyte extracts, and intact hemocytes and by surface plasmon resonance analysis. A parallel glycomic study carried out on oyster hemocytes (Kurz, S., Jin, C., Hykollari, A., Gregorich, D., Giomarelli, B., Vasta, G. R., Wilson, I. B. H., and Paschinger, K. (2013) J. Biol. Chem. 288,) determined the structures of oligosaccharides recognized by CvGal1. Proteomic analysis of the hemocyte glycoproteins identified β-integrin and dominin as CvGal1 “self”-ligands. Despite strong CvGal1 binding to P. marinus trophozoites, no binding of ABH blood group antibodies was observed. Thus, parasite glycans structurally distinct from the blood group A oligosaccharides on the hemocyte surface may function as potentially effective ligands for CvGal1. We hypothesize that carbohydrate-based mimicry resulting from the host/parasite co-evolution facilitates CvGal1-mediated cross-linking to β-integrin, located on the hemocyte surface, leading to cell activation, phagocytosis, and host infection. PMID:23824193

  6. In Vitro Assay of Ethanolic Heat Reflux Extract of Nicotiana tabacum L. var Virginia Against Nosocomial Bacteria Pathogen

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pramono, Andri; Fauzantoro, Ahmad; Rizki Hidayati, Irma; Hygea, Arina; Puspita, Oktaviani Sandra; Muktamiroh, Hikmah; Simanjuntak, Kristina; Gozan, Misri

    2018-03-01

    Tobacco plays an important role in international trade as one of the export commodities. Indonesia is one of the good quality export contributors of tobacco leaves in the world. Nevertheless, tobacco is used only as a raw material for the cigarette industries, and the rise on anti-cigarette regulations prompted the exploration of alternative product from tobacco plants. The content of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids in tobacco leaves were reported in literatures as antibacterial. Therefore, this study proposed in vitro assay of the ethanolic heat reflux extract (EHRE) of Nicotiana tabacum var. Virginia against nosocomial bacteria pathogen ((Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Eschericia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212)). Kirby-bauer diffusion method was used for this assay. The concentration of the EHRE for Kirby-bauer assay were 20; 40; 60; 80; and 100%. The presence of clear zones on Kirby-bauer test, against the growth of each nosocomial bacteria pathogen show that tobacco extract has antibacterial effect. Statistical analysis result showed that each extract concentration had significant difference value (p <0,05). This study indicated that the content (alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids) of tobacco leaf extracts (N. tabacum) has potential as antibacterial against nosocomial bacteria pathogen. Nevertheless, optimization of tobacco leaf extract to obtain maximum active ingredient still needs to be done. This study is important for further development of the tobacco leaf extract as antibacterial

  7. Inducing rye 1R chromosome structural changes in common wheat cv. Chinese spring by the gametocidal chromosome 2C of Aegilops cylindrica.

    PubMed

    Shi, Fang; Liu, Kun-Fan; Endo, Takashi R; Wang, Dao-Wen

    2005-05-01

    To generate 1 R deletion and translocation lines, we introduced a 2C chromosome,which was derived from Aegilops cylindrica and was known to have a gametocidal function when added monosomically into common wheat cv. Chinese Spring (CS) and its derivative, into a wheat-rye 1R chromosome disomic addition line (CS-1R"). When the individuals with chromosome constitution 21" + 1R" + 2C' (2n = 45) were selfed, the 1R chromosome structural changes were found to be induced with high frequency (24.1%) among the progenies. By using C-banding and GISH analysis, we analyzed 1R structural changes in 46 F3 individuals, which came from 23 F2 plants. The rearranged 1R chromosomes could be characterized in about 85% of the F3 individuals. This included telosome 1RL (39.1%), iso-chromosome 1 RL (2.2%), whole arm translocation involving 1RL (32.6%), telosome 1RS (4.3%), iso-chromosome 1RS (4.3%), and 1R deletion mutant with break point in the long arm (2.2%). The mutant 1R lines obtained in this study will potentially be useful in mapping the chromosome locations of agronomically important genes located in 1R. This study also demonstrated that molecular markers might be used to identify wheat chromosome arm involved in translocation with 1R.

  8. Tobacco as platform for a commercial production of cyanophycin.

    PubMed

    Nausch, Henrik; Hausmann, Tina; Ponndorf, Daniel; Hühns, Maja; Hoedtke, Sandra; Wolf, Petra; Zeyner, Annette; Broer, Inge

    2016-12-25

    Cyanophycin (CP) is a proteinogenic polymer that can be substituted for petroleum in the production of plastic compounds and can also serve as a source of valuable dietary supplements. However, because there is no economically feasible system for large-scale industrial production, its application is limited. In order to develop a low-input system, CP-synthesis was established in the two commercial Nicotiana tabacum (N. tabacum) cultivars 'Badischer Geudertheimer' (BG) and 'Virginia Golta' (VG), by introducing the cyanophycin-synthetase gene from Thermosynecchococcus elongatus BP-1 (CphA Te ) either via crossbreeding with transgenic N. tabacum cv. Petit Havana SR1 (PH) T2 individual 51-3-2 or by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Both in F1 hybrids (max. 9.4% CP/DW) and T0 transformants (max. 8.8% CP/DW), a substantial increase in CP content was achieved in leaf tissue, compared to a maximum of 1.7% CP/DW in PH T0 transformants of Hühns et al. (2008). In BG CP, yields were homogenous and there was no substantial difference in the variation of the CP content between primary transformants (T0), clones of T0 individuals, T1 siblings and F1 siblings of hybrids. Therefore, BG meets the requirements for establishing a master seed bank for continuous and reliable CP-production. In addition, it was shown that the polymer is not only stable in planta but also during silage, which simplifies storage of the harvest prior to isolation of CP. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  9. CV-990 LSRA

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1992-05-27

    A NASA CV-990, modified as a Landing Systems Research Aircraft (LSRA), is serviced on the ramp at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, before a test of the space shuttle landing gear system. The space shuttle landing gear test unit, operated by a high-pressure hydraulic system, allowed engineers to assess and document the performance of space shuttle main and nose landing gear systems, tires and wheel assemblies, plus braking and nose wheel steering performance. The series of 155 test missions for the space shuttle program provided extensive data about the life and endurance of the shuttle tire systems and helped raise the shuttle crosswind landing limits at Kennedy.

  10. CV pilot deployment concept phase 1, outreach plan — ICF Wyoming.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2016-06-24

    The Wyoming Department of Transportations (WYDOT) Connected Vehicle (CV) Pilot Deployment Program is intended to develop a suite of applications that utilize vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication technology to ...

  11. Isolation and Characterization of CvIV4: A Pain Inducing α- Scorpion Toxin

    PubMed Central

    Rowe, Ashlee H.; Xiao, Yucheng; Scales, Joseph; Linse, Klaus D.; Rowe, Matthew P.; Cummins, Theodore R.; Zakon, Harold H.

    2011-01-01

    Background Among scorpion species, the Buthidae produce the most deadly and painful venoms. However, little is known regarding the venom components that cause pain and their mechanism of action. Using a paw-licking assay (Mus musculus), this study compared the pain-inducing capabilities of venoms from two species of New World scorpion (Centruroides vittatus, C. exilicauda) belonging to the neurotoxin-producing family Buthidae with one species of non-neurotoxin producing scorpion (Vaejovis spinigerus) in the family Vaejovidae. A pain-inducing α-toxin (CvIV4) was isolated from the venom of C. vittatus and tested on five Na+ channel isoforms. Principal Findings C. vittatus and C. exilicauda venoms produced significantly more paw licking in Mus than V. spinigerus venom. CvIV4 produced paw licking in Mus equivalent to the effects of whole venom. CvIV4 slowed the fast inactivation of Nav1.7, a Na+ channel expressed in peripheral pain-pathway neurons (nociceptors), but did not affect the Nav1.8-based sodium currents of these neurons. CvIV4 also slowed the fast inactivation of Nav1.2, Nav1.3 and Nav1.4. The effects of CvIV4 are similar to Old World α-toxins that target Nav1.7 (AahII, BmK MI, LqhIII, OD1), however the primary structure of CvIV4 is not similar to these toxins. Mutant Nav1.7 channels (D1586A and E1589Q, DIV S3–S4 linker) reduced but did not abolish the effects of CvIV4. Conclusions This study: 1) agrees with anecdotal evidence suggesting that buthid venom is significantly more painful than non-neurotoxic venom; 2) demonstrates that New World buthids inflict painful stings via toxins that modulate Na+ channels expressed in nociceptors; 3) reveals that Old and New World buthids employ similar mechanisms to produce pain. Old and New World α-toxins that target Nav1.7 have diverged in sequence, but the activity of these toxins is similar. Pain-inducing toxins may have evolved in a common ancestor. Alternatively, these toxins may be the product of convergent

  12. Connected Vehicle Pilot Deployment Program, Comprehensive Installation Plan - WYDOT CV Pilot

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2018-02-16

    The Wyoming Department of Transportation's (WYDOT) Connected Vehicle (CV) Pilot Deployment Program is intended to develop a suite of applications that utilize vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication technology to re...

  13. Biolistic transformation of tobacco and maize suspension cells using bacterial cells as microprojectiles.

    PubMed

    Rasmussen, J L; Kikkert, J R; Roy, M K; Sanford, J C

    1994-01-01

    We have used both Escherichia coli cells and Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells as microprojectiles to deliver DNA into suspension-cultured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. line NT1) cells using a helium powered biolistic device. In addition, E. coli cells were used as microprojectiles for the transformation of suspension-cultured maize (Zea mays cv. Black Mexican Sweet) cells. Pretreating the bacterial cells with phenol at a concentration of 1.0%, and combining the bacterial cells with tungsten particles increased the rates of transformation. In N. tabacum, we obtained hundreds of transient transformants per bombardment, but were unable to recover any stable transformants. In Z. mays we obtained thousands of transient transformants and an average of six stable transformants per bombardment. This difference is discussed.

  14. Metabolism of methoxychlor by the P450-monooxygenase CYP6G1 involved in insecticide resistance of Drosophila melanogaster after expression in cell cultures of Nicotiana tabacum.

    PubMed

    Joussen, Nicole; Schuphan, Ingolf; Schmidt, Burkhard

    2010-03-01

    Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP6G1 of Drosophila melanogaster was heterologously expressed in a cell suspension culture of Nicotiana tabacum. This in vitro system was used to study the capability of CYP6G1 to metabolize the insecticide methoxychlor (=1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane, 1) against the background of endogenous enzymes of the corresponding non-transgenic culture. The Cyp6g1-transgenic cell culture metabolized 96% of applied methoxychlor (45.8 microg per assay) within 24 h by demethylation and hydroxylation mainly to trishydroxy and catechol methoxychlor (16 and 17%, resp.). About 34% of the metabolism and the distinct formation of trishydroxy and catechol methoxychlor were due to foreign enzyme CYP6G1. Furthermore, methoxychlor metabolism was inhibited by 43% after simultaneous addition of piperonyl butoxide (458 microg), whereas inhibition in the non-transgenic culture amounted to 92%. Additionally, the rate of glycosylation was reduced in both cultures. These results were supported by the inhibition of the metabolism of the insecticide imidacloprid (6; 20 microg, 24 h) in the Cyp6g1-transgenic culture by 82% in the presence of piperonyl butoxide (200 microg). Due to CYP6G1 being responsible for imidacloprid resistance of Drosophila or being involved in DDT resistance, it is likely that CYP6G1 conveys resistance to methoxychlor (1). Furthermore, treating Drosophila with piperonyl butoxide could weaken the observed resistance phenomena.

  15. Single-molecule diffusometry reveals the nucleotide-dependent oligomerization pathways of Nicotiana tabacum Rubisco activase

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Quan; Serban, Andrew J.; Wachter, Rebekka M.; Moerner, W. E.

    2018-03-01

    Oligomerization plays an important role in the function of many proteins, but a quantitative picture of the oligomer distribution has been difficult to obtain using existing techniques. Here we describe a method that combines sub-stoichiometric labeling and recently developed single-molecule diffusometry to measure the size distribution of oligomers under equilibrium conditions in solution, one molecule at a time. We use this technique to characterize the oligomerization behavior of Nicotiana tabacum (Nt) Rubisco activase (Nt-Rca), a chaperone-like AAA-plus ATPase essential in regulating carbon fixation during photosynthesis. We directly observed monomers, dimers, and a tetramer/hexamer mixture and extracted their fractional abundance as a function of protein concentration. We show that the oligomerization pathway of Nt-Rca is nucleotide dependent: ATPγS binding strongly promotes tetramer/hexamer formation from dimers and results in a preferred tetramer/hexamer population for concentrations in the 1-10 μM range. Furthermore, we directly observed dynamic assembly and disassembly processes of single complexes in real time and from there estimated the rate of subunit exchange to be ˜0.1 s-1 with ATPγS. On the other hand, ADP binding destabilizes Rca complexes by enhancing the rate of subunit exchange by >2 fold. These observations provide a quantitative starting point to elucidate the structure-function relations of Nt-Rca complexes. We envision the method to fill a critical gap in defining and quantifying protein assembly pathways in the small-oligomer regime.

  16. Single-molecule diffusometry reveals the nucleotide-dependent oligomerization pathways of Nicotiana tabacum Rubisco activase.

    PubMed

    Wang, Quan; Serban, Andrew J; Wachter, Rebekka M; Moerner, W E

    2018-03-28

    Oligomerization plays an important role in the function of many proteins, but a quantitative picture of the oligomer distribution has been difficult to obtain using existing techniques. Here we describe a method that combines sub-stoichiometric labeling and recently developed single-molecule diffusometry to measure the size distribution of oligomers under equilibrium conditions in solution, one molecule at a time. We use this technique to characterize the oligomerization behavior of Nicotiana tabacum (Nt) Rubisco activase (Nt-Rca), a chaperone-like AAA-plus ATPase essential in regulating carbon fixation during photosynthesis. We directly observed monomers, dimers, and a tetramer/hexamer mixture and extracted their fractional abundance as a function of protein concentration. We show that the oligomerization pathway of Nt-Rca is nucleotide dependent: ATPγS binding strongly promotes tetramer/hexamer formation from dimers and results in a preferred tetramer/hexamer population for concentrations in the 1-10 μM range. Furthermore, we directly observed dynamic assembly and disassembly processes of single complexes in real time and from there estimated the rate of subunit exchange to be ∼0.1 s -1 with ATPγS. On the other hand, ADP binding destabilizes Rca complexes by enhancing the rate of subunit exchange by >2 fold. These observations provide a quantitative starting point to elucidate the structure-function relations of Nt-Rca complexes. We envision the method to fill a critical gap in defining and quantifying protein assembly pathways in the small-oligomer regime.

  17. Segmentation of kidney using C-V model and anatomy priors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lu, Jinghua; Chen, Jie; Zhang, Juan; Yang, Wenjia

    2007-12-01

    This paper presents an approach for kidney segmentation on abdominal CT images as the first step of a virtual reality surgery system. Segmentation for medical images is often challenging because of the objects' complicated anatomical structures, various gray levels, and unclear edges. A coarse to fine approach has been applied in the kidney segmentation using Chan-Vese model (C-V model) and anatomy prior knowledge. In pre-processing stage, the candidate kidney regions are located. Then C-V model formulated by level set method is applied in these smaller ROI, which can reduce the calculation complexity to a certain extent. At last, after some mathematical morphology procedures, the specified kidney structures have been extracted interactively with prior knowledge. The satisfying results on abdominal CT series show that the proposed approach keeps all the advantages of C-V model and overcome its disadvantages.

  18. MIZEX, 1984, NASA CV-990 flight report

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1985-01-01

    During June/July 1984, the NASA CV-990 Airborne Laboratory was utilized in a mission to overly the Fram Strait/East Greenland Sea marginal ice zone (MIZ) during the main summer marginal ice zone experiment (MIZEX '84). The eight data flights were coordinated where possible with overpasses of the Nimbus-7 satellite, and with measurement of sea ice, open ocean, and atmospheric properties at the surface. The surface research teams were based on seven research vessels, some with helicopters: (1) M/V Kvitbjorn, (2) M/V Polarqueen; (3) M/S Haakon Mosby; (4) a M/S H.U. Sverdrup, all from Norway; (5) F/S Polarstern from the Federal Republic of Germany; and (6) the USNS Lynch from the USA. There were also coordinated flights with the NRL P3, NOAA P3, Canadian CV580, and the French B-17 during the overlap portions of their respective missions. Analysis of the real-time data acquired during the mission and uncalibrated data stored on tape has served to indicate the mission was over 90% successful.

  19. Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): the GAMA galaxy group catalogue (G3Cv1)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Robotham, A. S. G.; Norberg, P.; Driver, S. P.; Baldry, I. K.; Bamford, S. P.; Hopkins, A. M.; Liske, J.; Loveday, J.; Merson, A.; Peacock, J. A.; Brough, S.; Cameron, E.; Conselice, C. J.; Croom, S. M.; Frenk, C. S.; Gunawardhana, M.; Hill, D. T.; Jones, D. H.; Kelvin, L. S.; Kuijken, K.; Nichol, R. C.; Parkinson, H. R.; Pimbblet, K. A.; Phillipps, S.; Popescu, C. C.; Prescott, M.; Sharp, R. G.; Sutherland, W. J.; Taylor, E. N.; Thomas, D.; Tuffs, R. J.; van Kampen, E.; Wijesinghe, D.

    2011-10-01

    Using the complete Galaxy and Mass Assembly I (GAMA-I) survey covering ˜142 deg2 to rAB= 19.4, of which ˜47 deg2 is to rAB= 19.8, we create the GAMA-I galaxy group catalogue (G3Cv1), generated using a friends-of-friends (FoF) based grouping algorithm. Our algorithm has been tested extensively on one family of mock GAMA lightcones, constructed from Λ cold dark matter N-body simulations populated with semi-analytic galaxies. Recovered group properties are robust to the effects of interlopers and are median unbiased in the most important respects. G3Cv1 contains 14 388 galaxy groups (with multiplicity ≥2), including 44 186 galaxies out of a possible 110 192 galaxies, implying ˜40 per cent of all galaxies are assigned to a group. The similarities of the mock group catalogues and G3Cv1 are multiple: global characteristics are in general well recovered. However, we do find a noticeable deficit in the number of high multiplicity groups in GAMA compared to the mocks. Additionally, despite exceptionally good local spatial completeness, G3Cv1 contains significantly fewer compact groups with five or more members, this effect becoming most evident for high multiplicity systems. These two differences are most likely due to limitations in the physics included of the current GAMA lightcone mock. Further studies using a variety of galaxy formation models are required to confirm their exact origin. The G3Cv1 catalogue will be made publicly available as and when the relevant GAMA redshifts are made available at .

  20. Methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism-based genome-wide analysis of cytosine methylation profiles in Nicotiana tabacum cultivars.

    PubMed

    Jiao, J; Wu, J; Lv, Z; Sun, C; Gao, L; Yan, X; Cui, L; Tang, Z; Yan, B; Jia, Y

    2015-11-26

    This study aimed to investigate cytosine methylation profiles in different tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivars grown in China. Methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism was used to analyze genome-wide global methylation profiles in four tobacco cultivars (Yunyan 85, NC89, K326, and Yunyan 87). Amplicons with methylated C motifs were cloned by reamplified polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, and analyzed. The results show that geographical location had a greater effect on methylation patterns in the tobacco genome than did sampling time. Analysis of the CG dinucleotide distribution in methylation-sensitive polymorphic restriction fragments suggested that a CpG dinucleotide cluster-enriched area is a possible site of cytosine methylation in the tobacco genome. The sequence alignments of the Nia1 gene (that encodes nitrate reductase) in Yunyan 87 in different regions indicate that a C-T transition might be responsible for the tobacco phenotype. T-C nucleotide replacement might also be responsible for the tobacco phenotype and may be influenced by geographical location.

  1. Limited geographic distribution of the novel cyclovirus CyCV-VN.

    PubMed

    Le, Van Tan; de Jong, Menno D; Nguyen, Van Kinh; Nguyen, Vu Trung; Taylor, Walter; Wertheim, Heiman F L; van der Ende, Arie; van der Hoek, Lia; Canuti, Marta; Crusat, Martin; Sona, Soeng; Nguyen, Hanh Uyen; Giri, Abhishek; Nguyen, Thi Thuy Chinh Bkrong; Ho, Dang Trung Nghia; Farrar, Jeremy; Bryant, Juliet E; Tran, Tinh Hien; Nguyen, Van Vinh Chau; van Doorn, H Rogier

    2014-02-05

    A novel cyclovirus, CyCV-VN, was recently identified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with central nervous system (CNS) infections in central and southern Vietnam. To explore the geographic distribution of this novel virus, more than 600 CSF specimens from patients with suspected CNS infections in northern Vietnam, Cambodia, Nepal and The Netherlands were screened for the presence of CyCV-VN but all were negative. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis between CyCV-VN and another novel cyclovirus recently identified in CSF from Malawian patients indicated that these represent distinct cycloviral species, albeit phylogenetically closely related. The data suggest that CyCV-VN has a limited geographic distribution within southern and central Vietnam. Further research is needed to determine the global distribution and diversity of cycloviruses and importantly their possible association with human disease.

  2. Characterisation of chlorophyll oxidation mediated by peroxidative activity in olives (Olea europaea L.) cv. Hojiblanca.

    PubMed

    Vergara-Domínguez, Honorio; Roca, María; Gandul-Rojas, Beatriz

    2013-08-15

    The oxidation of chlorophyll a (chl a) catalysed by peroxidase (POD) from mesocarp of the olive fruit (Olea europaea L., cv Hojiblanca) in the presence of H2O2 and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), is characterised via the individualised quantification of the products of the enzymatic reaction using a new methodology of HPLC-UV spectrometry. This innovation has allowed the discovery that, in addition to 13(2) OH chl a and 15(1) OH lactone chl a, which are the first products of POD on chl a, the reaction process sequentially creates another series of oxidised chlorophyll derivatives which have not been previously described. Their origins have been linked to POD activity in the presence of 2,4-DCP. Likewise, a study of the effect of the concentration of the various cosubstrates on the POD reaction rate demonstrated that the correct establishment of the relative concentrations of the same ([H2O2]/[2,4-DCP]/[Chl]=1:3:0.02) is crucial to explaining inhibition effects by substrates and carrying out optimum measurements. Therefore, new essential parameters for the determination of POD activity on a chlorophyll substrate are established. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. The potato virus X TGBp2 protein association with the endoplasmic reticulum plays a role in but is not sufficient for viral cell-to-cell movement

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mitra, Ruchira; Krishnamurthy, Konduru; Blancaflor, Elison; Payton, Mark; Nelson, Richard S.; Verchot-Lubicz, Jeanmarie

    2003-01-01

    Potato virus X (PVX) TGBp1, TGBp2, TGBp3, and coat protein are required for virus cell-to-cell movement. Plasmids expressing GFP fused to TGBp2 were bombarded to leaf epidermal cells and GFP:TGBp2 moved cell to cell in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves but not in Nicotiana tabacum leaves. GFP:TGBp2 movement was observed in TGBp1-transgenic N. tabacum, indicating that TGBp2 requires TGBp1 to promote its movement in N. tabacum. In this study, GFP:TGBp2 was detected in a polygonal pattern that resembles the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed TGBp2 has two putative transmembrane domains. Two mutations separately introduced into the coding sequences encompassing the putative transmembrane domains within the GFP:TGBp2 plasmids and PVX genome, disrupted membrane binding of GFP:TGBp2, inhibited GFP:TGBp2 movement in N. benthamiana and TGBp1-expressing N. tabacum, and inhibited PVX movement. A third mutation, lying outside the transmembrane domains, had no effect on GFP:TGBp2 ER association or movement in N. benthamiana but inhibited GFP:TGBp2 movement in TGBp1-expressing N. tabacum and PVX movement in either Nicotiana species. Thus, ER association of TGBp2 may be required but not be sufficient for virus movement. TGBp2 likely provides an activity for PVX movement beyond ER association.

  4. Ionome changes in Xylella fastidiosa-infected Nicotiana tabacum correlate with virulence and discriminate between subspecies of bacterial isolates.

    PubMed

    Oliver, J E; Sefick, S A; Parker, J K; Arnold, T; Cobine, P A; De La Fuente, L

    2014-10-01

    Characterization of ionomes has been used to uncover the basis of nutrient utilization and environmental adaptation of plants. Here, ionomic profiles were used to understand the phenotypic response of a plant to infection by genetically diverse isolates of Xylella fastidiosa, a gram-negative, xylem-limited bacterial plant pathogen. In this study, X. fastidiosa isolates were used to infect a common model host (Nicotiana tabacum 'SR1'), and leaf and sap concentrations of eleven elements together with plant colonization and symptoms were assessed. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that changes in the ionome were significantly correlated with symptom severity and bacterial populations in host petioles. Moreover, plant ionome modification by infection could be used to differentiate the X. fastidiosa subspecies with which the plant was infected. This report establishes host ionome modification as a phenotypic response to infection.

  5. Mesoporous Nb2O5/SiO2 material obtained by sol-gel method and applied as adsorbent of crystal violet dye.

    PubMed

    Umpierres, Cibele S; Prola, Lizie D T; Adebayo, Matthew A; Lima, Eder C; Dos Reis, Glaydson S; Kunzler, Diego D F; Dotto, G L; Arenas, Leliz T; Benvenutti, Edilson V

    2017-03-01

    In this work, SiO 2 /Nb 2 O 5 (SiNb) material was prepared using sol-gel method and employed as adsorbent for removal of crystal violet dye (CV). The material was characterized using nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, FTIR spectroscopy, pH pzc , and SEM-EDS. The analysis of N 2 isotherms revealed the presence of micro- and mesopores in the SiNb sample with specific surface area as high as 747 m 2  g -1 . For the CV adsorption process, variations of several parameters such as of pH, temperature, contact time, and concentration of dye of the process were evaluated. The optimum initial pH of the CV dye solution was 7.0. The adsorption kinetic and equilibrium data for CV adsorption were suitably represented by the general-order and Liu models, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of the CV dye by SiNb was achieved at 303 K, which attained 116 mg g -1 at this temperaure. Dye effluents were simulated and used to check the applicability of the SiNb material for treatment of effluents - the material showed very good efficiency for decolorization of dye effluents.

  6. [Habitat factor analysis for Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii based on spatial information technology].

    PubMed

    Wang, Xiao-ming; Wang, Ke; Ao, Wei-jiu; Deng, Jin-song; Han, Ning; Zhu, Xiao-yun

    2008-11-01

    Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii, a tertiary survival plant, is a rare tree species of significant economic value and expands rapidly in China. Its special habitat factor analysis has the potential value to provide guide information for its planting, management, and sustainable development, because the suitable growth conditions for this tree species are special and strict. In this paper, the special habitat factors for T. grandis cv. Merrillii in its core region, i.e., in seven villages of Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province were analyzed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a series of data, such as IKONOS image, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and field survey data supported by the spatial information technology. The results showed that T. grandis cv. Merrillii exhibited high selectivity of environmental factors such as elevation, slope, and aspect. 96.22% of T. grandis cv. Merrillii trees were located at the elevation from 300 to 600 m, 97.52% of them were found to present on the areas whose slope was less than 300, and 74.43% of them distributed on sunny and half-sunny slopes. The results of PCA analysis indicated that the main environmental factors affecting the habitat of T. grandis cv. Merrillii were moisture, heat, and soil nutrients, and moisture might be one of the most important ecological factors for T. grandis cv. Merrillii due to the unique biological and ecological characteristics of the tree species.

  7. Untargeted metabolomics analysis reveals dynamic changes in azelaic acid- and salicylic acid derivatives in LPS-treated Nicotiana tabacum cells.

    PubMed

    Mhlongo, M I; Tugizimana, F; Piater, L A; Steenkamp, P A; Madala, N E; Dubery, I A

    2017-01-22

    To counteract biotic stress factors, plants employ multilayered defense mechanisms responsive to pathogen-derived elicitor molecules, and regulated by different phytohormones and signaling molecules. Here, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) molecule, was used to induce defense responses in Nicotiana tabacum cell suspensions. Intracellular metabolites were extracted with methanol and analyzed using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-qTOF-MS/MS) platform. The generated data were processed and examined with multivariate and univariate statistical tools. The results show time-dependent dynamic changes and accumulation of glycosylated signaling molecules, specifically those of azelaic acid, salicylic acid and methyl-salicylate as contributors to the altered metabolomic state in LPS-treated cells. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  8. Immunogenicity and Safety of 10-valent Pneumococcal Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Protein D Conjugate Vaccine (PHiD-CV) Administered to Children With Sickle Cell Disease Between 8 Weeks and 2 Years of Age: A Phase III, Open, Controlled Study.

    PubMed

    Sirima, Sodiomon B; Tiono, Alfred; Gansané, Zakaria; Siribié, Mohamadou; Zongo, Angèle; Ouédraogo, Alphonse; François, Nancy; Strezova, Ana; Dobbelaere, Kurt; Borys, Dorota

    2017-05-01

    Immunogenicity, safety and reactogenicity of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) were evaluated in children with sickle cell disease (SCD), who are at increased risk for infections. In this phase III, open-label, single-center, controlled study in Burkina Faso (NCT01175083), children with SCD (S) or without SCD (NS) were assigned to 6 groups (N = 300): children 8-11 weeks of age (<6 months; <6S and <6NS groups) received 3 primary doses and a booster dose of PHiD-CV coadministered with routine childhood vaccines; children 7-11 months of age (7-11S and 7-11NS groups) received 2 primary doses and a booster dose of PHiD-CV; children 12-23 months of age (12-23S and 12-23NS groups) received 2 catch-up doses of PHiD-CV. Pneumococcal antibody responses were measured using 22F-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and functional opsonophagocytic activity. Responses to other antigens were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Adverse events were recorded. One month postprimary vaccination, for each vaccine serotype ≥98% of infants in the <6S and <6NS groups had antibody concentrations ≥0.2 µg/mL, except for 6B (≥85%) and 23F (≥89%). Immune responses to PHiD-CV after age-appropriate vaccination in children <2 years did not appear influenced by SCD. All infants were seroprotected/seropositive for diphtheria, tetanus and Bordetella pertussis antigens postprimary and booster vaccination. Safety and reactogenicity profiles were similar in children with or without SCD. PHiD-CV was immunogenic with an acceptable safety profile in children with and without SCD starting vaccination at 8 weeks to 23 months of age.

  9. Electroacupuncture stimulation at CV4 prevents ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats via Wnt-β-catenin signaling

    PubMed Central

    FAN, HUAILING; JI, FENG; LIN, YING; ZHANG, MULAN; QIN, WEI; ZHOU, QI; WU, QIANG

    2016-01-01

    The present study aimed to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture stimulation at CV4 (also termed Guanyuan) on femoral osteocalcin also termed bone gla protein (BGP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanics, as well as the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway in rats with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (4.5-months old) were randomly divided into sham, Ovx, CV4 and mock groups (n=10/group). With the exception of those in the sham group, the rats were ovariectomized to induce postmenopausal osteoporosis. The rats in the CV4 and mock groups were given electroacupuncture at CV4 and non-acupoint, respectively. The rats in the Ovx model and sham groups underwent identical fixing procedures, but did not undergo electroacupuncture. Following treatment, hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe morphological changes in the left femoral trabecular bone, and a three-point-bending test was used to analyze femur biomechanics and determine the BMD. In addition, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the serum levels of ALP/BGP and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used detect the expression levels of Wnt3a, β-catenin and Runx2. In the present study, it was demonstrated that electroacupuncture at CV4 significantly improved the osteoporotic morphological changes that occurred in the ovariectomized rats, increased serum ALP and BGP levels, enhanced the maximum and fracture loads, increased BMD (P<0.01), and activated the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings demonstrated that electroacupuncture stimulation at CV4 affected bone formation and promoted bone metabolism in rats with postmenopausal osteoporosis, possibly by activating the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway. PMID:26846191

  10. Chemical and physical studies of type 3 chondrites 12: The metamorphic history of CV chondrites and their components

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Guimon, R. Kyle; Symes, Steven J. K.; Sears, Derek W. G.

    1995-01-01

    The induced thermoluminescence (TL) properties of 16 CV and CV-related chondrites, four CK chondrites and Renazzo (CR2) have been measured in order to investigate their metamorphic history. The petrographic, mineralogical and bulk compositional differences among the CV chondrites indicate that the TL sensitivity of the approximately 130 C TL peak is reflecting the abundance of ordered feldspar, especially in chondrule mesostasis, which in turn reflects parent-body metamorphism. The TL properties of 18 samples of homogenized Allende powder heated at a variety of times and temperatures, and cathodoluminescence mosaics of Axtell and Coolidge, showed results consistent with this conclusion. Five refractory inclusions from Allende, and separates from those inclusions, were also examined and yielded trends reflecting variations in mineralogy indicative of high peak temperatures (either metamorphic or igneous) and fairly rapid cooling. The CK chondrites are unique among metamorphosed chondrites in showing no detectable induced TL, which is consistent with literature data that suggests very unusual feldspar in these meteorites. Using TL sensitivity and several mineral systems and allowing for the differences in the oxidized and reduced subgroups, the CV and CV-related meteorites can be divided into petrologic types analogous to those of the ordinary and CO type 3 chondrites. Axtell, Kaba, Leoville, Bali, Arch and ALHA81003 are type 3.0-3.1, while ALH84018, Efremovka, Grosnaja, Allende and Vigarano are type 3.2-3.3 and Coolidge and Loongana 001 are type 3.8. Mokoia is probably a breccia with regions ranging in petrologic type from 3.0 to 3.2. Renazzo often plots at the end of the reduced and oxidized CV chondrite trends, even when those trends diverge, suggesting that in many respects it resembles the unmetamorphosed precursors of the CV chondrites. The low-petrographic types and low-TL peak temperatures of all samples, including the CV3.8 chondrites, indicates metamorphism

  11. A Modeling Study of the Effects of Vocal Tract Movement Duration and Magnitude on the F2 Trajectory in CV Words

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Neely, Kimberly D.; Bunton, Kate; Story, Brad H.

    2016-01-01

    Purpose: This study used a computational vocal tract model to investigate the relationship of diphthong duration and vocal tract movement magnitude to measures of the F2 trajectory in CV words. Method: Three words ("bough," "boy," and "buy") were simulated on the basis of an adult female vocal tract model, in which…

  12. Cyclooxygenase-2 promotes pulmonary intravascular macrophage accumulation by exacerbating BMP signaling in rat experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome.

    PubMed

    Liu, Chang; Gao, Jing; Chen, Bing; Chen, Lin; Belguise, Karine; Yu, Weifeng; Lu, Kaizhi; Wang, Xiaobo; Yi, Bin

    2017-08-15

    One central factor in hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) pathogenesis is intravascular accumulation of activated macrophages in small pulmonary arteries. However, molecular mechanism underlying the macrophage accumulation in HPS is unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore whether elevated COX-2 induces the Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2)/Crossveinless-2 (CV-2) imbalance and then activation of BMP signaling pathway promotes the macrophage accumulation in Common Bile Duct Ligation (CBDL) rat lung. The COX-2/PGE2 signaling activation, the BMP-2/CV-2 imbalance and the activation of Smad1 were evaluated in CBDL rat lung and in cultured pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) under the HPS serum stimulation. The effects of Parecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor), BMP-2 and CV-2 recombinant proteins on 4-week CBDL rat lung were determined, respectively. The COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway was activated in CBDL rat lung in vivo and PMVECs in vitro, which was due to the activation of NF-κB P65. The inhibition of COX-2 by Parecoxib reduced macrophage accumulation, decreased lung angiogenesis and improved HPS. Meanwhile, the CBDL rat lung secreted more BMP-2 but less CV-2, and the imbalance between BMP-2 and CV-2 exacerbated the BMP signaling activation thus promoting the macrophage accumulation and lung angiogenesis. The BMP-2/CV-2 imbalance is dependent on the COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway, and thus the effects of this imbalance can be reversed by adminstration of Parecoxib. Our findings indicate that inhibition of COX-2 by parecoxib can improve the HPS through the repression of BMP signaling and macrophage accumulation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  13. Hyaluronan synthesis in cultured tobacco cells (BY-2) expressing a chlorovirus enzyme: cytological studies.

    PubMed

    Rakkhumkaew, Numfon; Shibatani, Shigeo; Kawasaki, Takeru; Fujie, Makoto; Yamada, Takashi

    2013-04-01

    Extraction of hyaluronan from animals or microbial fermentation has risks including contamination with pathogens and microbial toxins. In this work, tobacco cultured-cells (BY-2) were successfully transformed with a chloroviral hyaluronan synthase (cvHAS) gene to produce hyaluronan. Cytological studies revealed accumulation of HA on the cells, and also in subcellular fractions (protoplasts, miniplasts, vacuoplasts, and vacuoles). Transgenic BY-2 cells harboring a vSPO-cvHAS construct containing the vacuolar targeting signal of sporamin connected to the N-terminus of cvHAS accumulated significant amounts of HA in vacuoles. These results suggested that cvHAS successfully functions on the vacuolar membrane and synthesizes/transports HA into vacuoles. Efficient synthesis of HA using this system provides a new method for practical production of HA. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  14. Alcohol and CV Health: Jekyll and Hyde J-Curves.

    PubMed

    O'Keefe, Evan L; DiNicolantonio, James J; O'Keefe, James H; Lavie, Carl J

    2018-02-16

    A routine of light or moderate alcohol consumption (≤1 drink/day for women and 1 to 2 drinks/day for men) is associated with a lower risk for all-cause mortality, coronary artery disease (CAD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), heart failure (HF), and stroke. Conversely, heavy drinking, (>4 drinks/day) is associated with an increased risk for death and cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD). Excessive alcohol intake trails behind only smoking and obesity among the 3 leading causes of premature deaths in the United States (US). Heavy alcohol use is a common cause of reversible hypertension (HTN), nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation (AF), and stroke (both ischemic and hemorrhagic). Among males aged 15 to 59 years, alcohol abuse is perhaps the leading cause of premature death. As such, the risk-to-benefit ratio of drinking is less favorable in younger individuals. A daily habit of light to moderate drinking is ideal for those who choose to consume alcohol regularly. Red wine in particular before or during the evening meal is linked with the best long-term CV outcomes. Most of the studies on alcohol and health are observational, and correlation does not prove causation. Health care professionals should not advise nondrinkers to begin drinking because of the paucity of randomized outcome data coupled with the potential for alcohol abuse even among seemingly low risk individuals. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  15. Stereoselective oxidation of racemic 1-arylethanols by basil cultured cells of Ocimum basilicum cv. Purpurascens.

    PubMed

    Itoh, Ken-ichi; Nakamura, Kaoru; Utsukihara, Takamitsu; Sakamaki, Hiroshi; Horiuchi, C Akira

    2008-05-01

    The biotransformation of racemic 1-phenylethanol (30 mg) with plant cultured cells of basil (Ocimum basilicum cv. Purpurascens, 5 g wet wt) by shaking 120 rpm at 25 degrees C for 7 days in the dark gave (R)-(+)-1-phenylethanol and acetophenone in 34 and 24% yields, respectively. The biotransformation can be applied to other 1-arylethanols and basil cells oxidized the (S)-alcohols to the corresponding ketones remaining the (R)-alcohols in excellent ee.

  16. Effects of a petunia scaffold/matrix attachment region on copy number dependency and stability of transgene expression in Nicotiana tabacum.

    PubMed

    Dietz-Pfeilstetter, Antje; Arndt, Nicola; Manske, Ulrike

    2016-04-01

    Transgenes in genetically modified plants are often not reliably expressed during development or in subsequent generations. Transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) as well as post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) have been shown to occur in transgenic plants depending on integration pattern, copy number and integration site. In an effort to reduce position effects, to prevent read-through transcription and to provide a more accessible chromatin structure, a P35S-ß-glucuronidase (P35S-gus) transgene flanked by a scaffold/matrix attachment region from petunia (Petun-SAR), was introduced in Nicotiana tabacum plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation. It was found that Petun-SAR mediates enhanced expression and copy number dependency up to 2 gene copies, but did not prevent gene silencing in transformants with multiple and rearranged gene copies. However, in contrast to the non-SAR transformants where silencing was irreversible and proceeded during long-term vegetative propagation and in progeny plants, gus expression in Petun-SAR plants was re-established in the course of development. Gene silencing was not necessarily accompanied by DNA methylation, while the gus transgene could still be expressed despite considerable CG methylation within the coding region.

  17. Production and characterization of anti-(mucin MUC1) single-domain antibody in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cultivar Xanthi).

    PubMed

    Ismaili, Ahmad; Jalali-Javaran, Mokhtar; Rasaee, Mohammad J; Rahbarizadeh, Fatemeh; Forouzandeh-Moghadam, Mehdi; Memari, Hamid Rajabi

    2007-05-01

    Members of the Camelidae (camels, dromedaries, llamas, alpacas, guanacos and vicunas) are known to produce Igs (immunoglobulins) devoid of light chains and CH1s (constant heavy-chain domains). The antigen-specific binding fragments of these heavy-chain antibodies therefore comprise one single domain (the so-called 'VHH') and are of great importance in biotechnological applications. To evaluate the expression and biological activity of sdAbs (single-domain antibodies) in plants, which, on account of their small size and antigen-recognition properties, would have a major impact on antibody-engineering strategies, we constructed a pBI121-VHH gene encoding the recombinant sdAb fragments with specificity for a cancer-associated mucin, MUC1. Analysis of transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cultivar Xanthi) plants by PCR and Western blotting demonstrated the expression of sdAb, while ELISA results with various MUC1 antigens and immunocytochemistry with cancerous cell lines confirmed that the activity of these molecules compared favourably with that of the parent recombinant antibodies. Protein purification was achieved by using sequential (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, gel filtration and immunoaffinity chromatography. Analysis of the purified VHH by ELISA indicated that the purified antibody fragments were able to react successfully with a MUC1-related peptide. These results reaffirm that the tobacco plant is a suitable host for the production of correctly folded VHH antibody fragments with diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

  18. Electroacupuncture stimulation at CV4 prevents ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats via Wnt-β-catenin signaling.

    PubMed

    Fan, Huailing; Ji, Feng; Lin, Ying; Zhang, Mulan; Qin, Wei; Zhou, Qi; Wu, Qiang

    2016-03-01

    The present study aimed to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture stimulation at CV4 (also termed Guanyuan) on femoral osteocalcin also termed bone gla protein (BGP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanics, as well as the Wnt‑β‑catenin signaling pathway in rats with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Female Sprague‑Dawley rats (4.5‑months old) were randomly divided into sham, Ovx, CV4 and mock groups (n=10/group). With the exception of those in the sham group, the rats were ovariectomized to induce postmenopausal osteoporosis. The rats in the CV4 and mock groups were given electroacupuncture at CV4 and non‑acupoint, respectively. The rats in the Ovx model and sham groups underwent identical fixing procedures, but did not undergo electroacupuncture. Following treatment, hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe morphological changes in the left femoral trabecular bone, and a three‑point‑bending test was used to analyze femur biomechanics and determine the BMD. In addition, an enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the serum levels of ALP/BGP and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used detect the expression levels of Wnt3a, β‑catenin and Runx2. In the present study, it was demonstrated that electroacupuncture at CV4 significantly improved the osteoporotic morphological changes that occurred in the ovariectomized rats, increased serum ALP and BGP levels, enhanced the maximum and fracture loads, increased BMD (P<0.01), and activated the Wnt‑β‑catenin signaling pathway. These findings demonstrated that electroacupuncture stimulation at CV4 affected bone formation and promoted bone metabolism in rats with postmenopausal osteoporosis, possibly by activating the Wnt‑β‑catenin signaling pathway.

  19. Structural and functional similarities between osmotin from Nicotiana tabacum seeds and human adiponectin.

    PubMed

    Miele, Marco; Costantini, Susan; Colonna, Giovanni

    2011-02-02

    Osmotin, a plant protein, specifically binds a seven transmembrane domain receptor-like protein to exert its biological activity via a RAS2/cAMP signaling pathway. The receptor protein is encoded in the gene ORE20/PHO36 and the mammalian homolog of PHO36 is a receptor for the human hormone adiponectin (ADIPOR1). Moreover it is known that the osmotin domain I can be overlapped to the β-barrel domain of adiponectin. Therefore, these observations and some already existing structural and biological data open a window on a possible use of the osmotin or of its derivative as adiponectin agonist. We have modelled the three-dimensional structure of the adiponectin trimer (ADIPOQ), and two ADIPOR1 and PHO36 receptors. Moreover, we have also modelled the following complexes: ADIPOQ/ADIPOR1, osmotin/PHO36 and osmotin/ADIPOR1. We have then shown the structural determinants of these interactions and their physico-chemical features and analyzed the related interaction residues involved in the formation of the complexes. The stability of the modelled structures and their complexes was always evaluated and controlled by molecular dynamics. On the basis of these results a 9 residues osmotin peptide was selected and its interaction with ADIPOR1 and PHO36 was modelled and analysed in term of energetic stability by molecular dynamics. To confirm in vivo the molecular modelling data, osmotin has been purified from nicotiana tabacum seeds and its nine residues peptide synthesized. We have used cultured human synovial fibroblasts that respond to adiponectin by increasing the expression of IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta via ADIPOR1. The biological effect on fibroblasts of osmotin and its peptide derivative has been found similar to that of adiponectin confirming the results found in silico.

  20. CERES BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data in HDF (CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)

    Each BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data product contains twenty-four hours of Level-1b data for each CERES scanner instrument mounted on each spacecraft. The BDS includes samples taken in normal and short Earth scan elevation profiles in both fixed and rotating azimuth scan modes (including space, internal calibration, and solar calibration views). The BDS contains Level-0 raw (unconverted) science and instrument data as well as the geolocated converted science and instrument data. The BDS contains additional data not found in the Level-0 input file, including converted satellite position and velocity data, celestial data, converted digital status data, and parameters used in the radiance count conversion equations. The following CERES BDS data sets are currently available: CER_BDS_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2006-11-02] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].

  1. Using CV-GLUE procedure in analysis of wetland model predictive uncertainty.

    PubMed

    Huang, Chun-Wei; Lin, Yu-Pin; Chiang, Li-Chi; Wang, Yung-Chieh

    2014-07-01

    This study develops a procedure that is related to Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE), called the CV-GLUE procedure, for assessing the predictive uncertainty that is associated with different model structures with varying degrees of complexity. The proposed procedure comprises model calibration, validation, and predictive uncertainty estimation in terms of a characteristic coefficient of variation (characteristic CV). The procedure first performed two-stage Monte-Carlo simulations to ensure predictive accuracy by obtaining behavior parameter sets, and then the estimation of CV-values of the model outcomes, which represent the predictive uncertainties for a model structure of interest with its associated behavior parameter sets. Three commonly used wetland models (the first-order K-C model, the plug flow with dispersion model, and the Wetland Water Quality Model; WWQM) were compared based on data that were collected from a free water surface constructed wetland with paddy cultivation in Taipei, Taiwan. The results show that the first-order K-C model, which is simpler than the other two models, has greater predictive uncertainty. This finding shows that predictive uncertainty does not necessarily increase with the complexity of the model structure because in this case, the more simplistic representation (first-order K-C model) of reality results in a higher uncertainty in the prediction made by the model. The CV-GLUE procedure is suggested to be a useful tool not only for designing constructed wetlands but also for other aspects of environmental management. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Exploring the SDSS Data Set with Linked Scatter Plots. I. EMP, CEMP, and CV Stars

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Carbon, Duane F.; Henze, Christopher; Nelson, Bron C., E-mail: Duane.F.Carbon@nasa.gov

    We present the results of a search for extremely metal-poor (EMP), carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP), and cataclysmic variable (CV) stars using a new exploration tool based on linked scatter plots (LSPs). Our approach is especially designed to work with very large spectrum data sets such as the SDSS, LAMOST, RAVE, and Gaia data sets, and it can be applied to stellar, galaxy, and quasar spectra. As a demonstration, we conduct our search using the SDSS DR10 data set. We first created a 3326-dimensional phase space containing nearly 2 billion measures of the strengths of over 1600 spectral features in 569,738 SDSSmore » stars. These measures capture essentially all the stellar atomic and molecular species visible at the resolution of SDSS spectra. We show how LSPs can be used to quickly isolate and examine interesting portions of this phase space. To illustrate, we use LSPs coupled with cuts in selected portions of phase space to extract EMP stars, CEMP stars, and CV stars. We present identifications for 59 previously unrecognized candidate EMP stars and 11 previously unrecognized candidate CEMP stars. We also call attention to 2 candidate He ii emission CV stars found by the LSP approach that have not yet been discussed in the literature.« less

  3. Exploring the SDSS Data Set with Linked Scatter Plots. I. EMP, CEMP, and CV Stars

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carbon, Duane F.; Henze, Christopher; Nelson, Bron C.

    2017-02-01

    We present the results of a search for extremely metal-poor (EMP), carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP), and cataclysmic variable (CV) stars using a new exploration tool based on linked scatter plots (LSPs). Our approach is especially designed to work with very large spectrum data sets such as the SDSS, LAMOST, RAVE, and Gaia data sets, and it can be applied to stellar, galaxy, and quasar spectra. As a demonstration, we conduct our search using the SDSS DR10 data set. We first created a 3326-dimensional phase space containing nearly 2 billion measures of the strengths of over 1600 spectral features in 569,738 SDSS stars. These measures capture essentially all the stellar atomic and molecular species visible at the resolution of SDSS spectra. We show how LSPs can be used to quickly isolate and examine interesting portions of this phase space. To illustrate, we use LSPs coupled with cuts in selected portions of phase space to extract EMP stars, CEMP stars, and CV stars. We present identifications for 59 previously unrecognized candidate EMP stars and 11 previously unrecognized candidate CEMP stars. We also call attention to 2 candidate He II emission CV stars found by the LSP approach that have not yet been discussed in the literature.

  4. [Regularity of Clinical Application of Lianquan (CV 23) in Chinese Ancient Times According to Literature of Traditional Chinese Medicine].

    PubMed

    Deng, Mei-Jun; Liu, Chun-Yan; Xie, Yu; Zhu, Jie-Bin; Xu, Zhen-Hua

    2018-03-25

    To summarize the regularity of application of Lianquan (CV 23) in clinical practice in Chinese ancient times through analysis of ancient traditional Chinese medical (TCM) literature. A total of 60 books involving CV 23 from the 1 156 ancient TCM books listed in the fifth edition of Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine were collected by using CV 23 as the main keyword and "Sheben" "Benchi", and "Jieben" (the other names of CV 23 in TCM)as the supplementary keywords and analyzed systematically. A database was then constructed from the collected data, including the related types of disorders or symptoms, acupoint recipes, and methods of needling and moxibustion, contraindications, etc. A total of 196 articles related to the application of CV 23 from 60 ancient classical books were collected in accordance with the inclusive criteria. Among them, 155 articles are referred to the indications of CV 23, 35 to types of disorders such as asthma, cough, tongue swelling with difficulty in speaking, protracted tongue, acute contraction of tongue root, vomiting, spasm syndrome, stroke, aphtha, problems of mouth and teeth, throat problems, etc. of the internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, and five-sense organs; 64 items are referred to the application of single CV 23, 91 to CV 23-included recipes containing 111 adjunct acupoints, and 78 to stimulation of CV 23 with acupuncture needle, moxibustion, pricking blood, and fire needle. Moreover, of the 111 adjunct acupoints, the most commonly used are Shaoshang (LU 11), Tiantu (CV 22), Hegu (LI 4), Yuye (EX-HN 13), Zhongchong (PC 9), etc. Lianquan (CV 23) is mainly used for glossopharyngeal problems chiefly by syndrome-meridian differentiation. The supplement of complementary acupoints or five-shu points in combination with CV 23 has a synergistic effect. Moxibustion (3 moxa- cones in general) is often employed, and the needling depth is usually about 7.5 mm. The common contraindication of CV 23 is severe tongue swelling.

  5. Enhanced production of resveratrol derivatives in tobacco plants by improving the metabolic flux of intermediates in the phenylpropanoid pathway.

    PubMed

    Jeong, Yu Jeong; An, Chul Han; Woo, Su Gyeong; Park, Ji Hye; Lee, Ki-Won; Lee, Sang-Hoon; Rim, Yeonggil; Jeong, Hyung Jae; Ryu, Young Bae; Kim, Cha Young

    2016-09-01

    The biosynthesis of flavonoids such as anthocyanin and stilbenes has attracted increasing attention because of their potential health benefits. Anthocyanins and stilbenes share common phenylpropanoid precursor pathways. We previously reported that the overexpression of sweetpotato IbMYB1a induced anthocyanin pigmentation in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants. In the present study, transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum SR1) plants (STS-OX and ROST-OX) expressing the RpSTS gene encoding stilbene synthase from rhubarb (Rheum palmatum L. cv. Jangyeop) and the RpSTS and VrROMT genes encoding resveratrol O-methyltransferase from frost grape (Vitis riparia) were generated under the control of 35S promoter. Phenotypic alterations in floral organs, such as a reduction in floral pigments and male sterility, were observed in STS-OX transgenic tobacco plants. However, we failed to obtain STS-OX and ROST-OX plants with high levels of resveratrol compounds. Therefore, to improve the production of resveratrol derivatives in plants, we cross-pollinated flowers of STS-OX or ROST-OX and IbMYB1a-OX transgenic lines (SM and RSM). Phenotypic changes in vegetative and reproductive development of SM and RSM plants were observed. Furthermore, by HPLC and LC-MS analyses, we found enhanced production of resveratrol derivatives such as piceid, piceid methyl ether, resveratrol methyl ether O-hexoside, and 5-methyl resveratrol-3,4'-O-β-D-diglucopyranoside in SM and RSM cross-pollinated lines. Here, total contents of trans- and cis-piceids ranged from approximately 104-240 µg/g fresh weight in SM (F2). Collectively, we suggest that coexpression of RpSTS and IbMYB1a via cross-pollination can induce enhanced production of resveratrol compounds in plants by increasing metabolic flux into stilbenoid biosynthesis.

  6. Safety and immunogenicity of 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) in Nigerian children: Booster dose and 2-dose catch-up regimens in the second year of life.

    PubMed

    Odusanya, Olumuyiwa O; Kuyinu, Yetunde A; Kehinde, Omolara A; Shafi, Fakrudeen; François, Nancy; Yarzabal, Juan Pablo; Dobbelaere, Kurt; Rüggeberg, Jens U; Borys, Dorota; Schuerman, Lode

    2014-01-01

    In a previous study, 3-dose primary vaccination of Nigerian infants with the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) was immunogenic for vaccine pneumococcal serotypes, with comparable tolerability between PHiD-CV and control groups. In an open-label study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01153893), 68 primed children received a PHiD-CV booster dose co-administered with a diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTPa) booster dose at 15-21 months and 36 children unprimed for pneumococcal vaccination received two PHiD-CV catch-up doses (first dose co-administered with DTPa booster dose) at 15-21 and 17-23 months. Adverse events were recorded and immune responses were measured before and one month after vaccination. In both groups, pain was the most frequent solicited local symptom and fever was the most frequent solicited general symptom after the booster dose and each catch-up dose. Few grade 3 solicited symptoms and no vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. After booster vaccination, for each vaccine serotype, at least 98.5% of children had an antibody concentration ≥ 0.2 µg/ml and at least 94.0% had an opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titer ≥ 8. After 2-dose catch-up, for each vaccine serotype, at least 97.1% had an antibody concentration ≥ 0.2 µg/ml, except for serotypes 6B (82.9%) and 23F (88.6%), and at least 91.4% had an OPA titer ≥8, except for serotypes 6B (77.4%) and 19F (85.3%). PHiD-CV induced antibody responses against protein D in both groups. In conclusion, PHiD-CV administered to Nigerian toddlers as a booster dose or 2-dose catch-up was well tolerated and immunogenic for vaccine pneumococcal serotypes and protein D.

  7. A hyper-thermostable α-amylase from Pyrococcus furiosus accumulates in Nicotiana tabacum as functional aggregates.

    PubMed

    Zhu, Hong; Reynolds, L Bruce; Menassa, Rima

    2017-06-19

    Alpha amylase hydrolyzes α-bonds of polysaccharides such as starch and produces malto-oligosaccharides. Its starch saccharification applications make it an essential enzyme in the textile, food and brewing industries. Commercially available α-amylase is mostly produced from Bacillus or Aspergillus. A hyper-thermostable and Ca 2++ independent α-amylase from Pyrococcus furiosus (PFA) expressed in E.coli forms insoluble inclusion bodies and thus is not feasible for industrial applications. We expressed PFA in Nicotiana tabacum and found that plant-produced PFA forms functional aggregates with an accumulation level up to 3.4 g/kg FW (fresh weight) in field conditions. The aggregates are functional without requiring refolding and therefore have potential to be applied as homogenized plant tissue without extraction or purification. PFA can also be extracted from plant tissue upon dissolution in a mild reducing buffer containing SDS. Like the enzyme produced in P. furiosus and in E. coli, plant produced PFA preserves hyper-thermophilicity and hyper-thermostability and has a long shelf life when stored in lyophilized leaf tissue. With tobacco's large biomass and high yield, hyper-thermostable α-amylase was produced at a scale of 42 kg per hectare. Tobacco may be a suitable bioreactor for industrial production of active hyperthermostable alpha amylase.

  8. The draft genome of Corchorus olitorius cv. JRO-524 (Navin).

    PubMed

    Sarkar, Debabrata; Mahato, Ajay Kumar; Satya, Pratik; Kundu, Avijit; Singh, Sangeeta; Jayaswal, Pawan Kumar; Singh, Akshay; Bahadur, Kaushlendra; Pattnaik, Sasmita; Singh, Nisha; Chakraborty, Avrajit; Mandal, Nur Alam; Das, Debajeet; Basu, Tista; Sevanthi, Amitha Mithra; Saha, Dipnarayan; Datta, Subhojit; Kar, Chandan Sourav; Mitra, Jiban; Datta, Karabi; Karmakar, Pran Gobinda; Sharma, Tilak Raj; Mohapatra, Trilochan; Singh, Nagendra Kumar

    2017-06-01

    Here, we present the draft genome (377.3 Mbp) of Corchorus olitorious cv. JRO-524 (Navin), which is a leading dark jute variety developed from a cross between African (cv. Sudan Green) and indigenous (cv. JRO-632) types. We predicted from the draft genome a total of 57,087 protein-coding genes with annotated functions. We identified a large number of 1765 disease resistance-like and defense response genes in the jute genome. The annotated genes showed the highest sequence similarities with that of Theobroma cacao followed by Gossypium raimondii . Seven chromosome-scale genetically anchored pseudomolecules were constructed with a total size of 8.53 Mbp and used for synteny analyses with the cocoa and cotton genomes. Like other plant species, gypsy and copia retrotransposons were the most abundant classes of repeat elements in jute. The raw data of our study are available in SRA database of NCBI with accession number SRX1506532. The genome sequence has been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession LLWS00000000, and the version described in this paper will be the first version (LLWS01000000).

  9. 26Al-26Mg systematics in chondrules from Kaba and Yamato 980145 CV3 carbonaceous chondrites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nagashima, Kazuhide; Krot, Alexander N.; Komatsu, Mutsumi

    2017-03-01

    We report the mineralogy, petrography, and in situ measured 26Al-26Mg systematics in chondrules from the least metamorphosed CV3 (Vigarano-type) chondrites, Kaba and Yamato (Y) 980145. Two Y 980145 chondrules measured show no resolvable excesses in 26Mg (26Mg∗), a decay product of a short-lived (t1/2 ∼0.7 Ma) radionuclide 26Al. Plagioclase in one of the chondrules is replaced by nepheline, indicative of thermal metamorphism. The lack of 26Mg∗ in the Y 980145 chondrules is most likely due to disturbance of their 26Al-26Mg systematics during the metamorphism. Although Kaba experienced extensive metasomatic alteration (<300 °C), it largely avoided subsequent thermal metamorphism, and the 26Al-26Mg systematics of its chondrules appear to be undisturbed. All eight Kaba chondrules measured show 26Mg∗, corresponding to the initial 26Al/27Al ratios [(26Al/27Al)0] ranging from (2.9 ± 1.7) × 10-6 to (6.3 ± 2.7) × 10-6. If CV parent asteroid accreted rapidly after chondrule formation, the inferred (26Al/27Al)0 ratios in Kaba chondrules provide an upper limit on 26Al available in this asteroid at the time of its accretion. The estimated initial abundance of 26Al in the CV asteroid is too low to melt it and contradicts the existence of a molten core in this body suggested from the paleomagnetic records of Allende [Carporzen et al. (2011) Magnetic evidence for a partially differentiated carbonaceous chondrite parent body. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA108, 6386-6389] and Kaba [Gattacceca et al. (2013) More evidence for a partially differentiated CV parent body from the meteorite Kaba. Lunar Planet. Sci.44, abstract#1721].

  10. Association between photosynthesis and contrasting features of minor veins in leaves of summer annuals loading phloem via symplastic versus apoplastic routes.

    PubMed

    Muller, Onno; Cohu, Christopher M; Stewart, Jared J; Protheroe, Johanna A; Demmig-Adams, Barbara; Adams, William W

    2014-09-01

    Foliar vascular anatomy and photosynthesis were evaluated for a number of summer annual species that either load sugars into the phloem via a symplastic route (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Straight Eight; Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Italian Zucchini Romanesco; Citrullus lanatus L. cv. Faerie Hybrid; Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Autumn Gold) or an apoplastic route (Nicotiana tabacum L.; Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Brandywine; Gossypium hirsutum L.; Helianthus annuus L. cv. Soraya), as well as winter annual apoplastic loaders (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Giant Nobel; Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynhold Col-0, Swedish and Italian ecotypes). For all summer annuals, minor vein cross-sectional xylem area and tracheid number as well as the ratio of phloem loading cells to phloem sieve elements, each when normalized for foliar vein density (VD), was correlated with photosynthesis. These links presumably reflect (1) the xylem's role in providing water to meet foliar transpirational demand supporting photosynthesis and (2) the importance of the driving force of phloem loading as well as the cross-sectional area for phloem sap flux to match foliar photosynthate production. While photosynthesis correlated with the product of VD and cross-sectional phloem cell area among symplastic loaders, photosynthesis correlated with the product of VD and phloem cell number per vein among summer annual apoplastic loaders. Phloem cell size has thus apparently been a target of selection among symplastic loaders (where loading depends on enzyme concentration within loading cells) versus phloem cell number among apoplastic loaders (where loading depends on membrane transporter numbers). © 2014 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.

  11. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Exploring the SDSS data set. I. EMP & CV stars (Carbon+, 2017)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carbon, D. F.; Henze, C.; Nelson, B. C.

    2017-08-01

    We present the results of a search for extremely metal-poor (EMP), carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP), and cataclysmic variable (CV) stars using a new exploration tool based on linked scatter plots (LSPs). Our approach is especially designed to work with very large spectrum data sets such as the SDSS, LAMOST, RAVE, and Gaia data sets, and it can be applied to stellar, galaxy, and quasar spectra. As a demonstration, we conduct our search using the SDSS DR10 data set. We first created a 3326-dimensional phase space containing nearly 2 billion measures of the strengths of over 1600 spectral features in 569738 SDSS stars. These measures capture essentially all the stellar atomic and molecular species visible at the resolution of SDSS spectra. We show how LSPs can be used to quickly isolate and examine interesting portions of this phase space. To illustrate, we use LSPs coupled with cuts in selected portions of phase space to extract EMP stars, CEMP stars, and CV stars. We present identifications for 59 previously unrecognized candidate EMP stars and 11 previously unrecognized candidate CEMP stars. We also call attention to 2 candidate He II emission CV stars found by the LSP approach that have not yet been discussed in the literature. (3 data files).

  12. So you want to be a specialist registrar?--What to put in your CV.

    PubMed

    Ellis, P E; Ellis, S G S; O'Brien, K D; Joshi, R I

    2002-02-09

    Dentists applying to a specialist training programme often receive conflicting advice over what to put in their curriculum vitae (CV). We conducted a survey of the Training Programme Directors of the dental specialties to determine what aspects of CV content and presentation styles are considered important. This has allowed us to construct guidelines for what to put in a CV. Recently, structured application forms have become increasingly popular and may be a more objective way to carry out the shortlisting process. The guidelines presented could also be used as a framework for medical personnel departments if structured application forms eventually replace the CV.

  13. Characterization of polyphenols and evaluation of antioxidant capacity in grape pomace of the cv. Malbec.

    PubMed

    Antoniolli, Andrea; Fontana, Ariel R; Piccoli, Patricia; Bottini, Rubén

    2015-07-01

    Low molecular weight polyphenols (LMW-PPs) and anthocyanins, along with the antioxidant capacity, were assessed in grape pomace extract (GPE) of red grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Malbec. Twenty-six phenolics (13 LMW-PPs and 13 anthocyanins) were characterized and quantified by HPLC-MWD and UPLC-ESI-MS. The maximum concentrations of LMW-PPs corresponded to the flavanols (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, whereas malvidin-3-glucoside was the most abundant anthocyanin. Piceatannol, a stilbene analogue to resveratrol with higher antioxidant activity, was firstly identified and quantified in GPE of the cv. Malbec. The antioxidant activity for Malbec GPE determined by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was 2,756 μmol TEg(-1) GPE. Therefore, the data reported sustain the use of winemaking by-products as a cheap source of phenolic compounds suitable for biotechnological applications, as a strategy for sustainable oenology. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Safety and immunogenicity of 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) in Nigerian children

    PubMed Central

    Odusanya, Olumuyiwa O; Kuyinu, Yetunde A; Kehinde, Omolara A; Shafi, Fakrudeen; François, Nancy; Yarzabal, Juan Pablo; Dobbelaere, Kurt; Rüggeberg, Jens U; Borys, Dorota; Schuerman, Lode

    2014-01-01

    In a previous study, 3-dose primary vaccination of Nigerian infants with the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) was immunogenic for vaccine pneumococcal serotypes, with comparable tolerability between PHiD-CV and control groups. In an open-label study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01153893), 68 primed children received a PHiD-CV booster dose co-administered with a diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTPa) booster dose at 15–21 months and 36 children unprimed for pneumococcal vaccination received two PHiD-CV catch-up doses (first dose co-administered with DTPa booster dose) at 15–21 and 17–23 months. Adverse events were recorded and immune responses were measured before and one month after vaccination. In both groups, pain was the most frequent solicited local symptom and fever was the most frequent solicited general symptom after the booster dose and each catch-up dose. Few grade 3 solicited symptoms and no vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. After booster vaccination, for each vaccine serotype, at least 98.5% of children had an antibody concentration ≥0.2 µg/ml and at least 94.0% had an opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titer ≥8. After 2-dose catch-up, for each vaccine serotype, at least 97.1% had an antibody concentration ≥0.2 µg/ml, except for serotypes 6B (82.9%) and 23F (88.6%), and at least 91.4% had an OPA titer ≥8, except for serotypes 6B (77.4%) and 19F (85.3%). PHiD-CV induced antibody responses against protein D in both groups. In conclusion, PHiD-CV administered to Nigerian toddlers as a booster dose or 2-dose catch-up was well tolerated and immunogenic for vaccine pneumococcal serotypes and protein D. PMID:24356787

  15. AstroCV: Astronomy computer vision library

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    González, Roberto E.; Muñoz, Roberto P.; Hernández, Cristian A.

    2018-04-01

    AstroCV processes and analyzes big astronomical datasets, and is intended to provide a community repository of high performance Python and C++ algorithms used for image processing and computer vision. The library offers methods for object recognition, segmentation and classification, with emphasis in the automatic detection and classification of galaxies.

  16. CV-Muzar - The Virtual Community Environment that Uses Multiagent Systems for Formation of Groups

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    de Marchi, Ana Carolina Bertoletti; Moraes, Márcia Cristina

    The purpose of this chapter is to present two agents' societies responsible for group formation (sub-communities) in CV-Muzar (Augusto Ruschi Zoobotanical Museum Virtual Community of the University of Passo Fundo). These societies are integrated to execute a data mining classification process. The first society is a static society that intends preprocessing data, investigating the information about groups in the CV-Muzar. The second society is a dynamical society that will make a classification process by analyzing the existing groups and look for participants that have common subjects in order to constitute a sub-community. The formation of sub-communities is a new functionality within the CV-Muzar that intends to bring the participants together according to two scopes: interest similarity and knowledge complementarities.

  17. Ozone-Induced Cell Death in Tobacco Cultivar Bel W3 Plants. The Role of Programmed Cell Death in Lesion Formation

    PubMed Central

    Pasqualini, Stefania; Piccioni, Claudia; Reale, Lara; Ederli, Luisa; Della Torre, Guido; Ferranti, Francesco

    2003-01-01

    Treatment of the ozone-sensitive tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Bel W3) with an ozone pulse (150 nL L–1 for 5 h) induced visible injury, which manifested 48 to 72 h from onset of ozone fumigation. The “classical” ozone symptoms in tobacco cv Bel W3 plants occur as sharply defined, dot-like lesions on the adaxial side of the leaf and result from the death of groups of palisade cells. We investigated whether this reaction had the features of a hypersensitive response like that which results from the incompatible plant-pathogen interaction. We detected an oxidative burst, the result of H2O2 accumulation at 12 h from the starting of fumigation. Ozone treatment induced deposition of autofluorescent compounds and callose 24 h from the start of treatment. Total phenolic content was also strongly stimulated at the 10th and 72nd h from starting fumigation, concomitant with an enhancement in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase a and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase b expression, as evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. There was also a marked, but transient, increase in the mRNA level of pathogenesis-related-1a, a typical hypersensitive response marker. Overall, these results are evidence that ozone triggers a hypersensitive response in tobacco cv Bel W3 plants. We adopted four criteria for detecting programmed cell death in ozonated tobacco cv Bel W3 leaves: (a) early release of cytochrome c from mitochondria; (b) activation of protease; (c) DNA fragmentation by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling of DNA 3′-OH groups; and (d) ultrastructural changes characteristic of programmed cell death, including chromatin condensation and blebbing of plasma membrane. We, therefore, provide evidence that ozone-induced oxidative stress triggers a cell death program in tobacco cv Bel W3. PMID:14612586

  18. First report of downy mildew caused by Plasmopara halstedii on black-eyed susan (Rudbeckia fulgida cv. ‘Goldsturm’) in Maryland

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The North American perennial black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia fulgida cv. ‘Goldsturm’) is an important nursery crop, prized by gardeners and landscapers for its persistent bloom and ease of cultivation. In September 2013 disease symptoms characteristic of downy mildew were observed from multiple plants a...

  19. Aqueous alteration in the Kaba CV3 carbonaceous chondrite

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Keller, Lindsay P.; Buseck, Peter R.

    1990-01-01

    Results from TEM and SEM examinations of the Kaba CV3 carbonaceous chondrite are presented, showing that the chondrules and the matrix of Kaba have undergone pervasive low-temperature aqueous alteration, resulting in the formation of Fe-bearing saponite from glass and enstatite in chondrules, and from anhydrous silicates in matrix. The alteration products in Kaba were found to resemble those in other aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrites such as the Mokoia CV3 and in Orgueil CI chondrites and Y-82162 chondrites. However, Kaba lacks the abundant high-Al phyllosilicates, reported for CAIs from Mokoia, and the serpentine and ferrihydrite, found in Orgueil.

  20. Effects of aluminum oxide nanoparticles on the growth, development, and microRNA expression of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum).

    PubMed

    Burklew, Caitlin E; Ashlock, Jordan; Winfrey, William B; Zhang, Baohong

    2012-01-01

    Nanoparticles are a class of newly emerging environmental pollutions. To date, few experiments have been conducted to investigate the effect nanoparticles may have on plant growth and development. It is important to study the effects nanoparticles have on plants because they are stationary organisms that cannot move away from environmental stresses like animals can, therefore they must overcome these stresses by molecular routes such as altering gene expression. microRNAs (miRNA) are a newly discovered, endogenous class of post-transcriptional gene regulators that function to alter gene expression by either targeting mRNAs for degradation or inhibiting mRNAs translating into proteins. miRNAs have been shown to mediate abiotic stress responses such as drought and salinity in plants by altering gene expression, however no study has been performed on the effect of nanoparticles on the miRNA expression profile; therefore our aim in this study was to classify if certain miRNAs play a role in plant response to Al(2)O(3) nanoparticle stress. In this study, we exposed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants (an important cash crop as well as a model organism) to 0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles and found that as exposure to the nanoparticles increased, the average root length, the average biomass, and the leaf count of the seedlings significantly decreased. We also found that miR395, miR397, miR398, and miR399 showed an extreme increase in expression during exposure to 1% Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles as compared to the other treatments and the control, therefore these miRNAs may play a key role in mediating plant stress responses to nanoparticle stress in the environment. The results of this study show that Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles have a negative effect on the growth and development of tobacco seedlings and that miRNAs may play a role in the ability of plants to withstand stress to Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles in the environment.

  1. Effects of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles on the Growth, Development, and microRNA Expression of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

    PubMed Central

    Burklew, Caitlin E.; Ashlock, Jordan; Winfrey, William B.; Zhang, Baohong

    2012-01-01

    Nanoparticles are a class of newly emerging environmental pollutions. To date, few experiments have been conducted to investigate the effect nanoparticles may have on plant growth and development. It is important to study the effects nanoparticles have on plants because they are stationary organisms that cannot move away from environmental stresses like animals can, therefore they must overcome these stresses by molecular routes such as altering gene expression. microRNAs (miRNA) are a newly discovered, endogenous class of post-transcriptional gene regulators that function to alter gene expression by either targeting mRNAs for degradation or inhibiting mRNAs translating into proteins. miRNAs have been shown to mediate abiotic stress responses such as drought and salinity in plants by altering gene expression, however no study has been performed on the effect of nanoparticles on the miRNA expression profile; therefore our aim in this study was to classify if certain miRNAs play a role in plant response to Al2O3 nanoparticle stress. In this study, we exposed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants (an important cash crop as well as a model organism) to 0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% Al2O3 nanoparticles and found that as exposure to the nanoparticles increased, the average root length, the average biomass, and the leaf count of the seedlings significantly decreased. We also found that miR395, miR397, miR398, and miR399 showed an extreme increase in expression during exposure to 1% Al2O3 nanoparticles as compared to the other treatments and the control, therefore these miRNAs may play a key role in mediating plant stress responses to nanoparticle stress in the environment. The results of this study show that Al2O3 nanoparticles have a negative effect on the growth and development of tobacco seedlings and that miRNAs may play a role in the ability of plants to withstand stress to Al2O3 nanoparticles in the environment. PMID:22606225

  2. Biologically active recombinant human erythropoietin expressed in hairy root cultures and regenerated plantlets of Nicotiana tabacum L.

    PubMed Central

    Schäfer, Holger; Ramamoorthy, Siva; Wink, Michael

    2017-01-01

    Hairy root culture is a potential alternative to conventional mammalian cell culture to produce recombinant proteins due to its ease in protein recovery, low costs and absence of potentially human pathogenic contaminants. The current study focussed to develop a new platform of a hairy root culture system from Nicotiana tabacum for the production of recombinant human EPO (rhEPO), which is regularly produced in mammalian cells. The human EPO construct was amplified with C-terminal hexahistidine tag from a cDNA of Caco-2 cells. Two versions of rhEPO clones, with or without the N-terminal calreticulin (cal) fusion sequence, were produced by cloning the amplified construct into gateway binary vector pK7WG2D. Following Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation of tobacco explants; integration and expression of constructs in hairy roots were confirmed by several tests at DNA, RNA and protein levels. The amount of intracellular rhEPO from hairy root cultures with cal signal peptide was measured up to 66.75 ng g-1 of total soluble protein. The presence of the ER signal peptide (cal) was essential for the secretion of rhEPO into the spent medium; no protein was detected from hairy root cultures without ER signal peptide. The addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone enhanced the stabilization of secreted rhEPO leading to a 5.6 fold increase to a maximum concentration of 185.48 pg rhEPOHR g-1 FW hairy root cultures. The rhizo-secreted rhEPO was separated by HPLC and its biological activity was confirmed by testing distinct parameters for proliferation and survival in retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE). In addition, the rhEPO was detected to an amount 14.8 ng g-1 of total soluble leaf protein in transgenic T0 generation plantlets regenerated from hairy root cultures with cal signal peptide. PMID:28800637

  3. Light equation in eclipsing binary CV Boo: third body candidate in elliptical orbit

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bogomazov, A. I.; Kozyreva, V. S.; Satovskii, B. L.; Krushevska, V. N.; Kuznyetsova, Y. G.; Ehgamberdiev, S. A.; Karimov, R. G.; Khalikova, A. V.; Ibrahimov, M. A.; Irsmambetova, T. R.; Tutukov, A. V.

    2016-12-01

    A short period eclipsing binary star CV Boo is tested for the possible existence of additional bodies in the system with a help of the light equation method. We use data on the moments of minima from the literature as well as from our observations during 2014 May-July. A variation of the CV Boo's orbital period is found with a period of {≈}75 d. This variation can be explained by the influence of a third star with a mass of {≈}0.4 M_{⊙} in an eccentric orbit with e≈0.9. A possibility that the orbital period changes on long time scales is discussed. The suggested tertiary companion is near the chaotic zone around the central binary, so CV Boo represents an interesting example to test its dynamical evolution. A list of 14 minima moments of the binary obtained from our observations is presented.

  4. CV-990 Landing Systems Research Aircraft (LSRA) during final Space Shuttle tire test

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1995-01-01

    A Convair 990 (CV-990) was used as a Landing Systems Research Aircraft (LSRA) at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, to test space shuttle landing gear and braking systems as part of NASA's effort to upgrade and improve space shuttle capabilities. The first flight at Dryden of the CV-990 with shuttle test components occurred in April 1993, and tests continued into August 1995, when this photo shows a test of the shuttle tires. The purpose of this series of tests was to determine the performance parameters and failure limits of the tires. This particular landing was on the dry lakebed at Edwards, but other tests occurred on the main runway there. The CV-990, built in 1962 by the Convair Division of General Dynamics Corp., Ft. Worth, Texas, served as a research aircraft at Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, before it came to Dryden.

  5. Effects of Low O2 Root Stress on Ethylene Biosynthesis in Tomato Plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Heinz 1350) 1

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Tzann-Wei; Arteca, Richard N.

    1992-01-01

    Low O2 conditions were obtained by flowing N2 through the solution in which the tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Heinz 1350) were growing. Time course experiments revealed that low O2 treatments stimulated 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase production in the roots and leaves. After the initiation of low O2 conditions, ACC synthase activity and ACC content in the roots increased and reached a peak after 12 and 20 hours, respectively. The conversion of ACC to ethylene in the roots was inhibited by low levels of O2, and ACC was apparently transported to the leaves where it was converted to ethylene. ACC synthase activity in the leaves was also stimulated by low O2 treatment to the roots, reaching a peak after 24 hours. ACC synthase levels were enhanced by cobalt chloride and aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), although they inhibited ethylene production. Cobalt chloride enhanced ACC synthase only in combination with low O2 conditions in the roots. Under aeration, AOA stimulated ACC synthase activity in both the roots and leaves. However, in combination with low O2 conditions, AOA caused a stimulation in ACC synthase activity in the leaves and no effect in the roots. PMID:16668654

  6. NASA Aircraft on ramp (Aerial view) Sides: (L) QSRA (R) C-8A AWJSRA - Back to Front: CV-990 (711)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1981-01-01

    NASA Aircraft on ramp (Aerial view) Sides: (L) QSRA (R) C-8A AWJSRA - Back to Front: CV-990 (711) C-141 KAO, CV-990 (712) Galileo, T-38, YO-3A, Lear Jet, X-14, U-2, OH-6, CH-47, SH-3G, RSRA, AH-1G, XV-15, UH-1H

  7. The NtAMI1 gene functions in cell division of tobacco BY-2 cells in the presence of indole-3-acetamide.

    PubMed

    Nemoto, Keiichirou; Hara, Masamitsu; Suzuki, Masashi; Seki, Hikaru; Muranaka, Toshiya; Mano, Yoshihiro

    2009-01-22

    Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) cells can be grown in medium containing indole-3-acetamide (IAM). Based on this finding, the NtAMI1 gene, whose product is functionally equivalent to the AtAMI1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana and the aux2 gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes, was isolated from BY-2 cells. Overexpression of the NtAMI1 gene allowed BY-2 cells to proliferate at lower concentrations of IAM, whereas suppression of the NtAMI1 gene by RNA interference (RNAi) caused severe growth inhibition in the medium containing IAM. These results suggest that IAM is incorporated into plant cells and converted to the auxin, indole-3-acetic acid, by NtAMI1.

  8. Isoprene emission aids recovery of photosynthetic performance in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum following high intensity acute UV-B exposure.

    PubMed

    Centritto, Mauro; Haworth, Matthew; Marino, Giovanni; Pallozzi, Emanuele; Tsonev, Tsonko; Velikova, Violeta; Nogues, Isabel; Loreto, Francesco

    2014-09-01

    Isoprene emission by terrestrial plants is believed to play a role in mitigating the effects of abiotic stress on photosynthesis. Ultraviolet-B light (UV-B) induces damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of plants, but the role of isoprene in UV-B tolerance is poorly understood. To investigate this putative protective role, we exposed non-emitting (NE) control and transgenic isoprene emitting (IE) Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) plants to high intensity UV-B exposure. Methanol emissions increased with UV-B intensity, indicating oxidative damage. However, isoprene emission was unaffected during exposure to UV-B radiation, but declined in the 48 h following UV-B treatment at the highest UV-B intensities of 9 and 15 Wm(-2). Photosynthesis and the performance of photosystem II (PSII) declined to similar extents in IE and NE plants following UV-B exposure, suggesting that isoprene emission did not ameliorate the immediate impact of UV-B on photosynthesis. However, after the stress, photosynthesis and PSII recovered in IE plants, which maintained isoprene formation, but not in NE plants. Recovery of IE plants was also associated with elevated antioxidant levels and cycling; suggesting that both isoprene formation and antioxidant systems contributed to reinstating the integrity and functionality of cellular membranes and photosynthesis following exposure to excessive levels of UV-B radiation. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. Purification of nitrate reductase from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia by affinity chromatography using 5'AMP-sepharose and monoclonal antibodies.

    PubMed

    Moureaux, T; Leydecker, M T; Meyer, C

    1989-02-15

    Nitrate reductase was purified from leaves of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia using either 5'AMP-Sepharose chromatography or two steps of immunoaffinity chromatography involving monoclonal antibodies directed against nitrate reductase from maize and against ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from N. plumbaginifolia. Nitrate reductase obtained by the first method was purified 1000-fold to a specific activity of 9 units/mg protein. The second method produced an homogenous enzyme, purified 21,000-fold to a specific activity of 80 units/mg protein. SDS/PAGE of nitrate reductase always resulted in two bands of 107 and 99.5 kDa. The 107-kDa band was the nitrate reductase subunit of N. plumbaginifolia; the smaller one of 99.5 kDa is thought, as commonly reported, to result from proteolysis of the larger protein. The molecular mass of 107 kDa is close to the values calculated from the coding sequences of the two nitrate reductase genes recently cloned from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi).

  10. [Construction of transgenic tobacco expressing tomato GGPS2 gene and analysis of its low light tolerance].

    PubMed

    Li, Cuiping; Dong, Weihua; Zhang, Xingguo

    2015-05-01

    To explore the influence of low light on the synthesis of carotenoids, chlorophyll and the adaptability of transgenic plants with tomato Solanum lycopersicon L. GGPS2 gene, we constructed a vector containing a GGPS2 gene with green fluorescent protein (GFP) as report gene under the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and introduced it into tobacco Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin 38 by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. PCR analysis of the DNA from kanamycin resistant tobacco indicated that the transgenic tobacco containing the nptII gene, SlaGGPS2 gene and without contamination of Agrobacterium. We also detected the root tip of kanamycin resistant tobacco showing characteristic fluorescence. The contents of carotenoid, chlorophyll and photosynthesis of transgenic tobacco increased in comparison with wild tobacco after low light treatment. In addition, leaf mass per unit area, total dry weight, ratio of root to shoot in transgenic tobacco were all higher than that of the wild tobacco, which proved that the transgenic tobacco could increase the accumulation of biomass and promote it transport to root. The transgenic tobacco with SlaGGPS2 gene can increase the contents of carotenoid, chlorophyll, enhance the photosynthetic rate, promote the biomass accumulation and its distribution to root. Hence, the transgenic tobacco with SlaGGPS2 gene had increased low light tolerance and the SlaGGPS2 gene maybe can be used in other crops.

  11. Growth promotion and colonization of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) cv. Alamo by bacterial endophyte Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN

    PubMed Central

    2012-01-01

    Background Switchgrass is one of the most promising bioenergy crop candidates for the US. It gives relatively high biomass yield and can grow on marginal lands. However, its yields vary from year to year and from location to location. Thus it is imperative to develop a low input and sustainable switchgrass feedstock production system. One of the most feasible ways to increase biomass yields is to harness benefits of microbial endophytes. Results We demonstrate that one of the most studied plant growth promoting bacterial endophytes, Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN, is able to colonize and significantly promote growth of switchgrass cv. Alamo under in vitro, growth chamber, and greenhouse conditions. In several in vitro experiments, the average fresh weight of PsJN-inoculated plants was approximately 50% higher than non-inoculated plants. When one-month-old seedlings were grown in a growth chamber for 30 days, the PsJN-inoculated Alamo plants had significantly higher shoot and root biomass compared to controls. Biomass yield (dry weight) averaged from five experiments was 54.1% higher in the inoculated treatment compared to non-inoculated control. Similar results were obtained in greenhouse experiments with transplants grown in 4-gallon pots for two months. The inoculated plants exhibited more early tillers and persistent growth vigor with 48.6% higher biomass than controls. We also found that PsJN could significantly promote growth of switchgrass cv. Alamo under sub-optimal conditions. However, PsJN-mediated growth promotion in switchgrass is genotype specific. Conclusions Our results show B. phytofirmans strain PsJN significantly promotes growth of switchgrass cv. Alamo under different conditions, especially in the early growth stages leading to enhanced production of tillers. This phenomenon may benefit switchgrass establishment in the first year. Moreover, PsJN significantly stimulated growth of switchgrass cv. Alamo under sub-optimal conditions

  12. Nitrogen balance for wheat canopies (Triticum aestivum cv. Veery 10) grown under elevated and ambient CO2 concentrations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Smart, D. R.; Ritchie, K.; Bloom, A. J.; Bugbee, B. B.

    1998-01-01

    We examined the hypothesis that elevated CO2 concentration would increase NO3- absorption and assimilation using intact wheat canopies (Triticum aestivum cv. Veery 10). Nitrate consumption, the sum of plant absorption and nitrogen loss, was continuously monitored for 23 d following germination under two CO2 concentrations (360 and 1000 micromol mol-1 CO2) and two root zone NO3- concentrations (100 and 1000 mmol m3 NO3-). The plants were grown at high density (1780 m-2) in a 28 m3 controlled environment chamber using solution culture techniques. Wheat responded to 1000 micromol mol-1 CO2 by increasing carbon allocation to root biomass production. Elevated CO2 also increased root zone NO3- consumption, but most of this increase did not result in higher biomass nitrogen. Rather, nitrogen loss accounted for the greatest part of the difference in NO3- consumption between the elevated and ambient [CO2] treatments. The total amount of NO3(-)-N absorbed by roots or the amount of NO3(-)-N assimilated per unit area did not significantly differ between elevated and ambient [CO2] treatments. Instead, specific leaf organic nitrogen content declined, and NO3- accumulated in canopies growing under 1000 micromol mol-1 CO2. Our results indicated that 1000 micromol mol-1 CO2 diminished NO3- assimilation. If NO3- assimilation were impaired by high [CO2], then this offers an explanation for why organic nitrogen contents are often observed to decline in elevated [CO2] environments.

  13. Defective secretion of mucilage is the cellular basis for agravitropism in primary roots of Zea mays cv. Ageotropic

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Miller, I.; Moore, R.

    1990-01-01

    Root caps of primary, secondary, and seminal roots of Z. mays cv. Kys secrete large amounts of mucilage and are in close contact with the root all along the root apex. These roots are strongly graviresponsive. Secondary and seminal roots of Z. mays cv. Ageotropic are also strongly graviresponsive. Similarly, their caps secrete mucilage and closely appress the root all along the root apex. However, primary roots of Z. mays cv. Ageotropic are non-responsive to gravity. Their caps secrete negligible amounts of mucilage and contact the root only at the extreme apex of the root along the calyptrogen. These roots become graviresponsive when their tips are coated with mucilage or mucilage-like materials. Peripheral cells of root caps of roots of Z. mays cv. Kys contain many dictyosomes associated with vesicles that migrate to and fuse with the plasmalemma. Root-cap cells of secondary and seminal (i.e. graviresponsive) roots of Z. mays cv. Ageotropic are similar to those of primary roots of Z. mays cv. Kys. However, root-cap cells of primary (i.e. non-graviresponsive) roots of Z. mays cv. Ageotropic have distended dictyosomal cisternae filled with an electron-dense, granular material. Large vesicles full of this material populate the cells and apparently do not fuse with the plasmalemma. Taken together, these results suggest that non-graviresponsiveness of primary roots of Z. mays cv. Ageotropic results from the lack of apoplastic continuity between the root and the periphery of the root cap. This is a result of negligible secretion of mucilage by cells along the edge of the root cap which, in turn, appears to be due to the malfunctioning of dictyosomes in these cells.

  14. a Fast Segmentation Algorithm for C-V Model Based on Exponential Image Sequence Generation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hu, J.; Lu, L.; Xu, J.; Zhang, J.

    2017-09-01

    For the island coastline segmentation, a fast segmentation algorithm for C-V model method based on exponential image sequence generation is proposed in this paper. The exponential multi-scale C-V model with level set inheritance and boundary inheritance is developed. The main research contributions are as follows: 1) the problems of the "holes" and "gaps" are solved when extraction coastline through the small scale shrinkage, low-pass filtering and area sorting of region. 2) the initial value of SDF (Signal Distance Function) and the level set are given by Otsu segmentation based on the difference of reflection SAR on land and sea, which are finely close to the coastline. 3) the computational complexity of continuous transition are successfully reduced between the different scales by the SDF and of level set inheritance. Experiment results show that the method accelerates the acquisition of initial level set formation, shortens the time of the extraction of coastline, at the same time, removes the non-coastline body part and improves the identification precision of the main body coastline, which automates the process of coastline segmentation.

  15. Soft material-based microculture system having air permeable cover sheet for the protoplast culture of Nicotiana tabacum.

    PubMed

    Ju, Jong Il; Ko, Jung-Moon; Kim, So Hyeon; Baek, Ju Yeoul; Cha, Hyeon-Cheol; Lee, Sang Hoon

    2006-08-01

    In plant cell culture, the delivery of nutrition and gas (mainly oxygen) to the cells is the most important factor for viability. In this paper, we propose a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microculture system that is designed to have good aeration. PDMS is known to have excellent air permeability, and through the experimental method, we investigated the relation between the degree of air delivery and the thickness of the PDMS sheet covering the culture chamber. We determined the proper thickness of the cover sheet, and cultured protoplasts of Nicotiana tabacum in a culture chamber covered with a PDMS sheet having thickness of 400 microm. The cells were successfully divided, and lived well inside the culture chamber for 10 days. In addition, protoplasts were cultured inside the culture chambers covered with the cover glass and the PDMS sheet, respectively, and the microcolonies were formed well inside the PDMS covered chamber after 10 days.

  16. Construction of a subgenomic CV-B3 replicon expressing emerald green fluorescent protein to assess viral replication of a cardiotropic enterovirus strain in cultured human cells.

    PubMed

    Wehbe, Michel; Huguenin, Antoine; Leveque, Nicolas; Semler, Bert L; Hamze, Monzer; Andreoletti, Laurent; Bouin, Alexis

    2016-04-01

    Coxsackieviruses B (CV-B) (Picornaviridae) are a common infectious cause of acute myocarditis in children and young adults, a disease, which is a precursor to 10-20% of chronic myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) cases. The mechanisms involved in the disease progression from acute to chronic myocarditis phase and toward the DCM clinical stage are not fully understood but are influenced by both viral and host factors. Subgenomic replicons of CV-B can be used to assess viral replication mechanisms in human cardiac cells and evaluate the effects of potential antiviral drugs on viral replication activities. Our objectives were to generate a reporter replicon from a cardiotropic prototype CV-B3/28 strain and to characterize its replication properties into human cardiac primary cells. To obtain this replicon, a cDNA plasmid containing the full CV-B3/28 genome flanked by a hammerhead ribozyme sequence and an MluI restriction site was generated and used as a platform for the insertion of sequences encoding emerald green fluorescent protein (EmGFP) in place of those encoding VP3. In vitro transcribed RNA from this plasmid was transfected into HeLa cells and human primary cardiac cells and was able to produce EmGFP and VP1-containing polypeptides. Moreover, non-structural protein biological activity was assessed by the specific cleavage of eIF4G1 by viral 2A(pro). Viral RNA replication was indirectly demonstrated by inhibition assays, fluoxetine was added to cell culture and prevented the EmGFP synthesis. Our results indicated that the EmGFP CV-B3 replicon was able to replicate and translate as well as the CV-B3/28 prototype strain. Our EmGFP CV-B3 replicon will be a valuable tool to readily investigate CV-B3 replication activities in human target cell models. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  17. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling Analysis of the Xyloglucan Endotransglucosylase/Hydrolase Gene Family in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.).

    PubMed

    Wang, Meng; Xu, Zongchang; Ding, Anming; Kong, Yingzhen

    2018-05-24

    Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes ( XTHs ) encode enzymes required for the reconstruction and modification of xyloglucan backbones, which will result in changes of cell wall extensibility during growth. A total of 56 NtXTH genes were identified from common tobacco, and 50 cDNA fragments were verified by PCR amplification. The 56 NtXTH genes could be classified into two subfamilies: Group I/II and Group III according to their phylogenetic relationships. The gene structure, chromosomal localization, conserved protein domains prediction, sub-cellular localization of NtXTH proteins and evolutionary relationships among Nicotiana tabacum , Nicotiana sylvestrisis , Nicotiana tomentosiformis , Arabidopsis , and rice were also analyzed. The NtXTHs expression profiles analyzed by the TobEA database and qRT-PCR revealed that NtXTHs display different expression patterns in different tissues. Notably, the expression patterns of 12 NtXTHs responding to environment stresses, including salinity, alkali, heat, chilling, and plant hormones, including IAA and brassinolide, were characterized. All the results would be useful for the function study of NtXTHs during different growth cycles and stresses.

  18. Nicotiana tabacum as model for ozone - plant surface reactions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jud, Werner; Fischer, Lukas; Wohlfahrt, Georg; Tissier, Alain; Canaval, Eva; Hansel, Armin

    2015-04-01

    Elevated tropospheric ozone concentrations are considered a toxic threat to plants, responsible for global crop losses with associated economic costs of several billion dollars per year. The ensuing injuries have been related to the uptake of ozone through the stomatal pores and oxidative effects damaging the internal leaf tissue. A striking question of current research is the environment and plant specific partitioning of ozone loss between gas phase, stomatal or plant surface sink terms. Here we show results from ozone fumigation experiments using various Nicotiana Tabacum varieties, whose surfaces are covered with different amounts of unsaturated diterpenoids exuded by their glandular trichomes. Exposure to elevated ozone levels (50 to 150 ppbv) for 5 to 15 hours in an exceptionally clean cuvette system did neither result in a reduction of photosynthesis nor caused any visible leaf damage. Both these ozone induced stress effects have been observed previously in ozone fumigation experiments with the ozone sensitive tobacco line Bel-W3. In our case ozone fumigation was accompanied by a continuous release of oxygenated volatile organic compounds, which could be clearly associated to their condensed phase precursors for the first time. Gas phase reactions of ozone were avoided by choosing a high enough gas exchange rate of the plant cuvette system. In the case of the Ambalema variety, that is known to exude only the diterpenoid cis-abienol, ozone fumigation experiments yield the volatiles formaldehyde and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK). The latter could be unequivocally separated from isomeric methacrolein (MACR) by the aid of a Selective Reagent Ion Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (SRI-ToF-MS), which was switched every six minutes from H3O+ to NO+ primary ion mode and vice versa. Consistent with the picture of an ozone protection mechanism caused by reactive diterpenoids at the leaf surface are the results from dark-light experiments. The ozone loss obtained from the

  19. Solanum tuberosum L. cv Hongyoung extract inhibits 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice

    PubMed Central

    Kang, Myung Ah; Choung, Se-Young

    2016-01-01

    Solanum tuberosum L. cv Hongyoung (SH) is a widely consumed anthocyanin-rich food and medicinal plant, which possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities. The present study aimed to examine the inhibitory effects of SH extract on atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions induced by the topical application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in NC/Nga mice. SH extract was orally administered to the DNCB-treated NC/Nga mice. The anti-AD effects of SH extract were examined by measuring symptom severity; ear thickness; scratching behavior; serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)E; T-helper (Th)1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine levels in the spleen; mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines; and tissue infiltration of inflammatory cells. The results demonstrated that SH extract inhibited the development of AD-like lesions, and reduced IgE levels and the production of cytokines. Furthermore, SH extract significantly suppressed the expression of AD-associated mRNAs in lesional skin. Histological alterations in the AD-like lesions were visualized using hematoxylin and eosin, and toluidine blue staining in the DNCB-treated group; the alterations were attenuated following SH treatment. In addition, thickening of the epidermis and accumulation of inflammatory cells in the DNCB-treated mice were suppressed by SH treatment. These results suggested that SH extract may suppress the development of AD symptoms through modulation of the Th1 and Th2 responses. PMID:27510042

  20. Thermal stability of oils added with avocado (Persea americana cv. Hass) or olive (Olea europaea cv. Arbequina) leaf extracts during the French potatoes frying.

    PubMed

    Jiménez, Paula; García, Paula; Bustamante, Andrés; Barriga, Andrés; Robert, Paz

    2017-04-15

    Effect of the addition of avocado (Persea americana cv. Hass) or olive (Olea europaea cv. Arbequina) hydroalcoholic leaf extracts (AHE and OHE, respectively) on thermal stability of canola oil (CO) and high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) during French potatoes frying at 180°C was studied. The extracts were characterized by the total phenolic content, phenol chromatographic profiles and antioxidant activity. B-type trimer procyanidins were the major phenolic compounds identified in AHE. OHE showed higher phenol content, antioxidant activity regarding AHE. CO+OHE and HOSO+OHE decreased the formation of polar compounds and showed an anti-polymeric effect with respect to oils without extracts, whereas AHE extract showed a prooxidant effect on HOSO. Therefore, OHE showed an antioxidant effect on HOSO and CO under the studied conditions. In addition, all systems (CO+AHE, HOSO+AHE, CO+OHE and HOSO+OHE) increased the retention of tocopherols. These results demonstrate the potential utility of OHE as natural antioxidant for oils. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Intestinal Permeability and Cellular Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds from Mango (Mangifera indica cv. Ataulfo) Peels.

    PubMed

    Pacheco-Ordaz, Ramón; Antunes-Ricardo, Marilena; Gutiérrez-Uribe, Janet A; González-Aguilar, Gustavo A

    2018-02-08

    Mango ( Mangifera indica cv. Ataulfo) peel contains bound phenolics that may be released by alkaline or acid hydrolysis and may be converted into less complex molecules. Free phenolics from mango cv. Ataulfo peel were obtained using a methanolic extraction, and their cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) and permeability were compared to those obtained for bound phenolics released by alkaline or acid hydrolysis. Gallic acid was found as a simple phenolic acid after alkaline hydrolysis along with mangiferin isomers and quercetin as aglycone and glycosides. Only gallic acid, ethyl gallate, mangiferin, and quercetin were identified in the acid fraction. The acid and alkaline fractions showed the highest CAA (60.5% and 51.5%) when tested at 125 µg/mL. The value of the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) across the Caco-2/HT-29 monolayer of gallic acid from the alkaline fraction was higher (2.61 × 10 -6 cm/s) than in the other fractions and similar to that obtained when tested pure (2.48 × 10 -6 cm/s). In conclusion, mango peels contain bound phenolic compounds that, after their release, have permeability similar to pure compounds and exert an important CAA. This finding can be applied in the development of nutraceuticals using this important by-product from the mango processing industry.

  2. Distribution of Aliphatic Amines in CO, CV, and CK Carbonaceous Chondrites and Relation to Mineralogy and Processing History

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Aponte, Jose C.; Abreu, Neyda M.; Glavin, Daniel P.; Dworkin, Jason P.; Elsila, Jamie E.

    2017-01-01

    The analysis of water-soluble organic compounds in meteorites provides valuable insights into the prebiotic synthesis of organic matter and the processes that occurred during the formation of the solar system. We investigated the concentration of aliphatic monoamines present in hot acid water extracts of the unaltered Antarctic carbonaceous chondrites, Dominion Range (DOM) 08006 (CO3) and Miller Range (MIL) 05013 (CO3), and the thermally altered meteorites, Allende (CV3), LAP 02206 (CV3), GRA 06101 (CV3), Allan Hills (ALH) 85002 (CK4), and EET 92002 (CK5). We have also reviewed and assessed the petrologic characteristics of the meteorites studied here to evaluate the effects of asteroidal processing on the abundance and molecular distributions of monoamines. The CO3, CV3, CK4, and CK5 meteorites studied here contain total concentrations of amines ranging from 1.2 to 4.0 nmol/g of meteorite; these amounts are 1-3 orders of magnitude below those observed in carbonaceous chondrites from the CI, CM, and CR groups. The low-amine abundances for CV and CK chondrites may be related to their extensive degree of thermal metamorphism and/or to their low original amine content. Although the CO3 meteorites, DOM 08006 and MIL 05013, do not show signs of thermal and aqueous alteration, their monoamine contents are comparable to those observed in moderately/extensively thermally altered CV3, CK4, and CK5 carbonaceous chondrites. The low content of monoamines in pristine CO carbonaceous chondrites suggests that the initial amounts, and not asteroidal processes, play a dominant role in the content of monoamines in carbonaceous chondrites. The primary monoamines, methylamine, ethylamine, and n-propylamine constitute the most abundant amines in the CO3, CV3, CK4, and CK5 meteorites studied here. Contrary to the predominance of n-x-amino acid isomers in CO3 and thermally altered meteorites, there appears to be no preference for the larger n-amines.

  3. CERES ERBE-like Instantaneous TOA Estimates (ES-8) in HDF (CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)

    The ES-8 archival data product contains a 24-hour, single-satellite, instantaneous view of scanner fluxes at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reduced from spacecraft altitude unfiltered radiances using Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanner Inversion algorithms and the ERBE shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) Angular Distribution Models (ADMs). The ES-8 also includes the total (TOT), SW, LW, and window (WN) channel radiometric data; SW, LW, and WN unfiltered radiance values; and the ERBE scene identification for each measurement. These data are organized according to the CERES 3.3-second scan into 6.6-second records. As long as there is one valid scanner measurement within a record, the ES-8 record will be generated. The following CERES ES8 data sets are currently available: CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Transient-Ops2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2006-09-30] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].

  4. CERES ERBE-like Instantaneous TOA Estimates (ES-8) in HDF (CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)

    The ES-8 archival data product contains a 24-hour, single-satellite, instantaneous view of scanner fluxes at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reduced from spacecraft altitude unfiltered radiances using Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanner Inversion algorithms and the ERBE shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) Angular Distribution Models (ADMs). The ES-8 also includes the total (TOT), SW, LW, and window (WN) channel radiometric data; SW, LW, and WN unfiltered radiance values; and the ERBE scene identification for each measurement. These data are organized according to the CERES 3.3-second scan into 6.6-second records. As long as there is one valid scanner measurement within a record, the ES-8 record will be generated. The following CERES ES8 data sets are currently available: CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Transient-Ops2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2005-03-29] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].

  5. Leaf Photosynthesis and Respiration of High CO2-Grown Tobacco Plants Selected for Survival under CO2 Compensation Point Conditions 1

    PubMed Central

    Delgado, Esteban; Azcón-Bieto, Joaquim; Aranda, Xavier; Palazón, Javier; Medrano, Hipólito

    1992-01-01

    Four self-pollinated, doubled-haploid tobacco, (Nicotiana tabacum L.) lines (SP422, SP432, SP435, and SP451), selected as haploids by survival in a low CO2 atmosphere, and the parental cv Wisconsin-38 were grown from seed in a growth room kept at high CO2 levels (600-700 parts per million). The selected plants were much larger (especially SP422, SP432, and SP451) than Wisconsin-38 nine weeks after planting. The specific leaf dry weight and the carbon (but not nitrogen and sulfur) content per unit area were also higher in the selected plants. However, the chlorophyll, carotenoid, and alkaloid contents and the chlorophyll a/b ratio varied little. The net CO2 assimilation rate per unit area measured in the growth room at high CO2 was not higher in the selected plants. The CO2 assimilation rate versus intercellular CO2 curve and the CO2 compensation point showed no substantial differences among the different lines, even though these plants were selected for survival under CO2 compensation point conditions. Adult leaf respiration rates were similar when expressed per unit area but were lower in the selected lines when expressed per unit dry weight. Leaf respiration rates were negatively correlated with specific leaf dry weight and with the carbon content per unit area and were positively correlated with nitrogen and sulfur content of the dry matter. The alternative pathway was not involved in respiration in the dark in these leaves. The better carbon economy of tobacco lines selected for low CO2 survival was not apparently related to an improvement of photosynthesis rate but could be related, at least partially, to a significantly reduced respiration (mainly cytochrome pathway) rate per unit carbon. ImagesFigure 1 PMID:16668769

  6. ES4 NPP-FM5 Ed1-CV

    Atmospheric Science Data Center

    2018-06-11

    ... Data Products Catalog:  DPC ES4 R7V1  (PDF) Validation Graphics Readme Files:  Readme R6V1-894 ... Data:  Note:  Edition1-CV is for instrument validation purposes only and not suited for science publications. ...

  7. Degradation of some representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the water-soluble protein extracts from Zea mays L. cv PR32-B10.

    PubMed

    Barone, Roberto; de Biasi, Margherita-Gabriella; Piccialli, Vincenzo; de Napoli, Lorenzo; Oliviero, Giorgia; Borbone, Nicola; Piccialli, Gennaro

    2016-10-01

    The ability of the water-soluble protein extracts from Zea mais L. cv. PR32-B10 to degrade some representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), has been evaluated. Surface sterilized seeds of corn (Zea mais L. Pioneer cv. PR32-B10) were hydroponically cultivated in a growth chamber under no-stressful conditions. The water-soluble protein extracts isolated from maize tissues showed peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities. Incubation of the extracts with naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene, led to formation of oxidized and/or degradation products. GC-MS and TLC monitoring of the processes showed that naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene and pyrene underwent 100%, 78%, 92% and 65% oxidative degradation, respectively, after 120 min. The chemical structure of the degradation products were determined by (1)H NMR and ESI-MS spectrometry. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Changes in the Antioxidant Systems as Part of the Signaling Pathway Responsible for the Programmed Cell Death Activated by Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species in Tobacco Bright-Yellow 2 Cells1

    PubMed Central

    de Pinto, Maria Concetta; Tommasi, Franca; De Gara, Laura

    2002-01-01

    Nitric oxide (NO) has been postulated to be required, together with reactive oxygen species (ROS), for the activation of the hypersensitive reaction, a defense response induced in the noncompatible plant-pathogen interaction. However, its involvement in activating programmed cell death (PCD) in plant cells has been questioned. In this paper, the involvement of the cellular antioxidant metabolism in the signal transduction triggered by these bioactive molecules has been investigated. NO and ROS levels were singularly or simultaneously increased in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Bright-Yellow 2) cells by the addition to the culture medium of NO and/or ROS generators. The individual increase in NO or ROS had different effects on the studied parameters than the simultaneous increase in the two reactive species. NO generation did not cause an increase in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity or induction of cellular death. It only induced minor changes in ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) metabolisms. An increase in ROS induced oxidative stress in the cells, causing an oxidation of the ASC and GSH redox pairs; however, it had no effect on PAL activity and did not induce cell death when it was generated at low concentrations. In contrast, the simultaneous increase of NO and ROS activated a process of death with the typical cytological and biochemical features of hypersensitive PCD and a remarkable rise in PAL activity. Under the simultaneous generation of NO and ROS, the cellular antioxidant capabilities were also suppressed. The involvement of ASC and GSH as part of the transduction pathway leading to PCD is discussed. PMID:12376637

  9. Guidelines on CV networking information flow optimization for Texas.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2017-03-01

    Recognizing the fundamental role of information flow in future transportation applications, the research team investigated the quality and security of information flow in the connected vehicle (CV) environment. The research team identified key challe...

  10. Nicotiana tabacum overexpressing γ-ECS exhibits biotic stress tolerance likely through NPR1-dependent salicylic acid-mediated pathway.

    PubMed

    Ghanta, Srijani; Bhattacharyya, Dipto; Sinha, Ragini; Banerjee, Anindita; Chattopadhyay, Sharmila

    2011-05-01

    The elaborate networks and the crosstalk of established signaling molecules like salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), abscisic acid (ABA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) play key role in plant defense response. To obtain further insight into the mechanism through which GSH is involved in this crosstalk to mitigate biotic stress, transgenic Nicotiana tabacum overexpressing Lycopersicon esculentum gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (LeECS) gene (NtGB lines) were generated with enhanced level of GSH in comparison with wild-type plants exhibiting resistance to pathogenesis as well. The expression levels of non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1)-dependent genes like pathogenesis-related gene 1 (NtPR1), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (NtMAPKK), glutamine synthetase (NtGLS) were significantly enhanced along with NtNPR1. However, the expression levels of NPR1-independent genes like NtPR2, NtPR5 and short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family protein (NtSDRLP) were either insignificant or were downregulated. Additionally, increase in expression of thioredoxin (NtTRXh), S-nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (NtGSNOR1) and suppression of isochorismate synthase 1 (NtICS1) was noted. Comprehensive analysis of GSH-fed tobacco BY2 cell line in a time-dependent manner reciprocated the in planta results. Better tolerance of NtGB lines against biotrophic Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci was noted as compared to necrotrophic Alternaria alternata. Through two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and image analysis, 48 differentially expressed spots were identified and through identification as well as functional categorization, ten proteins were found to be SA-related. Collectively, our results suggest GSH to be a member in cross-communication with other signaling molecules in mitigating biotic stress likely through NPR1-dependent SA-mediated pathway.

  11. Exploring the SDSS Dataset with Linked Scatter Plots: I. EMP, CEMP, and CV Stars

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Carbon, Duane F.; Henze, Christopher; Nelson, Bron C.

    2017-01-01

    We present the results of a search for EMP, CEMP, and cataclysmic variable stars using a new exploration tool based on linked scatter plots (LSPs). Our approach is especially designed to work with very large spectrum data sets such as the SDSS, LAMOST, RAVE, and Gaia data sets and can be applied to stellar, galaxy, and quasar spectra. As a demonstration, we conduct a search for EMP, CEMP, and cataclysmic variable stars in the SDSS DR10 data set. We first created a 3326-dimensional phase space containing nearly 2 billion measures of the strengths of over 1600 spectral features in 569,738 SDSS stars. These measures capture essentially all the stellar atomic and molecular species visible at the resolution of SDSS spectra. We show how LSPs can be used to quickly isolate and examine interesting portions of this phase space. To illustrate, we use LSPs coupled with cuts in selected portions of phase space to extract EMP stars, C-rich EMP stars, and CV stars. We present identifications for 59 previously unrecognized candidate EMP stars and 11 previously unrecognized candidate CEMP stars. We also call attention to 2 candidate He II emission CV stars found by the LSP approach that have not yet been discussed in the literature.

  12. Exploring the SDSS Dataset with Linked Scatter Plots: I. EMP, CEMP, and CV Stars.

    PubMed

    Carbon, Duane F; Henze, Christopher; Nelson, Bron C

    2017-02-01

    We present the results of a search for EMP, CEMP, and cataclysmic variable stars using a new exploration tool based on linked scatter plots (LSPs). Our approach is especially designed to work with very large spectrum data sets such as the SDSS, LAMOST, RAVE, and Gaia data sets and can be applied to stellar, galaxy, and quasar spectra. As a demonstration, we conduct a search for EMP, CEMP, and cataclysmic variable stars in the SDSS DR10 data set. We first created a 3326-dimensional phase space containing nearly 2 billion measures of the strengths of over 1600 spectral features in 569,738 SDSS stars. These measures capture essentially all the stellar atomic and molecular species visible at the resolution of SDSS spectra. We show how LSPs can be used to quickly isolate and examine interesting portions of this phase space. To illustrate, we use LSPs coupled with cuts in selected portions of phase space to extract EMP stars, C-rich EMP stars, and CV stars. We present identifications for 59 previously unrecognized candidate EMP stars and 11 previously unrecognized candidate CEMP stars. We also call attention to 2 candidate He II emission CV stars found by the LSP approach that have not yet been discussed in the literature.

  13. Exploring the SDSS Dataset with Linked Scatter Plots: I. EMP, CEMP, and CV Stars

    PubMed Central

    Carbon, Duane F.; Henze, Christopher; Nelson, Bron C.

    2017-01-01

    We present the results of a search for EMP, CEMP, and cataclysmic variable stars using a new exploration tool based on linked scatter plots (LSPs). Our approach is especially designed to work with very large spectrum data sets such as the SDSS, LAMOST, RAVE, and Gaia data sets and can be applied to stellar, galaxy, and quasar spectra. As a demonstration, we conduct a search for EMP, CEMP, and cataclysmic variable stars in the SDSS DR10 data set. We first created a 3326-dimensional phase space containing nearly 2 billion measures of the strengths of over 1600 spectral features in 569,738 SDSS stars. These measures capture essentially all the stellar atomic and molecular species visible at the resolution of SDSS spectra. We show how LSPs can be used to quickly isolate and examine interesting portions of this phase space. To illustrate, we use LSPs coupled with cuts in selected portions of phase space to extract EMP stars, C-rich EMP stars, and CV stars. We present identifications for 59 previously unrecognized candidate EMP stars and 11 previously unrecognized candidate CEMP stars. We also call attention to 2 candidate He II emission CV stars found by the LSP approach that have not yet been discussed in the literature. PMID:28684884

  14. A comparison of aphasic and non-brain-injured adults on a dichotic CV-syllable listening task.

    PubMed

    Shanks, J; Ryan, W

    1976-06-01

    A dichotic CV-syllable listening task was administered to a group of eleven non-brain-injured adults and to a group of eleven adult aphasics. The results of this study may be summarized as follows: 1)The group of non-brain-injured adults showed a slight right ear advantage for dichotically presented CV-syllables. 2)In comparison with the control group the asphasic group showed a bilateral deficit in response to the dichotic CV-syllables, superimposed on a non-significant right ear advantage. 3) The asphasic group demonstrated a great deal of intersubject variability on the dichotic task with six aphasics showing a right ear preference for the stimuli. The non-brain-injured subjects performed more homogeneously on the task. 4) The two subgroups of aphasics, a right ear advantage group and a left ear advantage group, performed significantly different on the dichotic listening task. 5) Single correct data analysis proved valuable by deleting accuracy of report for an examination of trials in which there was true competition for the single left hemispheric speech processor. These results were analyzed in terms of a functional model of auditory processing. In view of this model, the bilateral deficit in dichotic performance of the asphasic group was accounted for by the presence of a lesion within the dominant left hemisphere, where the speech signals from both ears converge for final processing. The right ear advantage shown by one asphasic subgroup was explained by a lesion interfering with the corpus callosal pathways from the left hemisphere; the left ear advantage observed within the other subgroup was explained by a lesion in the area of the auditory processor of the left hemisphere.

  15. Solanum tuberosum L. cv Hongyoung extract inhibits 2,4‑dinitrochlorobenzene‑induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice.

    PubMed

    Kang, Myung Ah; Choung, Se-Young

    2016-10-01

    Solanum tuberosum L. cv Hongyoung (SH) is a widely consumed anthocyanin-rich food and medicinal plant, which possesses anti‑inflammatory and anti‑allergic activities. The present study aimed to examine the inhibitory effects of SH extract on atopic dermatitis (AD)‑like skin lesions induced by the topical application of 2,4‑dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in NC/Nga mice. SH extract was orally administered to the DNCB‑treated NC/Nga mice. The anti‑AD effects of SH extract were examined by measuring symptom severity; ear thickness; scratching behavior; serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)E; T‑helper (Th)1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine levels in the spleen; mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines; and tissue infiltration of inflammatory cells. The results demonstrated that SH extract inhibited the development of AD‑like lesions, and reduced IgE levels and the production of cytokines. Furthermore, SH extract significantly suppressed the expression of AD‑associated mRNAs in lesional skin. Histological alterations in the AD‑like lesions were visualized using hematoxylin and eosin, and toluidine blue staining in the DNCB‑treated group; the alterations were attenuated following SH treatment. In addition, thickening of the epidermis and accumulation of inflammatory cells in the DNCB‑treated mice were suppressed by SH treatment. These results suggested that SH extract may suppress the development of AD symptoms through modulation of the Th1 and Th2 responses.

  16. Intestinal Permeability and Cellular Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds from Mango (Mangifera indica cv. Ataulfo) Peels

    PubMed Central

    Pacheco-Ordaz, Ramón; González-Aguilar, Gustavo A.

    2018-01-01

    Mango (Mangifera indica cv. Ataulfo) peel contains bound phenolics that may be released by alkaline or acid hydrolysis and may be converted into less complex molecules. Free phenolics from mango cv. Ataulfo peel were obtained using a methanolic extraction, and their cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) and permeability were compared to those obtained for bound phenolics released by alkaline or acid hydrolysis. Gallic acid was found as a simple phenolic acid after alkaline hydrolysis along with mangiferin isomers and quercetin as aglycone and glycosides. Only gallic acid, ethyl gallate, mangiferin, and quercetin were identified in the acid fraction. The acid and alkaline fractions showed the highest CAA (60.5% and 51.5%) when tested at 125 µg/mL. The value of the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) across the Caco-2/HT-29 monolayer of gallic acid from the alkaline fraction was higher (2.61 × 10−6 cm/s) than in the other fractions and similar to that obtained when tested pure (2.48 × 10−6 cm/s). In conclusion, mango peels contain bound phenolic compounds that, after their release, have permeability similar to pure compounds and exert an important CAA. This finding can be applied in the development of nutraceuticals using this important by-product from the mango processing industry. PMID:29419800

  17. Immunogenicity, safety and reactogenicity of the pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) in 2-17-year-old children with asplenia or splenic dysfunction: A phase 3 study.

    PubMed

    Szenborn, L; Osipova, I V; Czajka, H; Kharit, S M; Jackowska, T; François, N; Habib, M A; Borys, D

    2017-09-25

    Immunization with pneumococcal vaccines is an important prophylactic strategy for children with asplenia or splenic dysfunction, who are at high risk of bacterial infections (including S. pneumoniae). This study aimed to assess immunogenicity and safety of pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV, GSK) in this at-risk population. This phase III, multi-centre, open-label, controlled study, in which at-risk children with asplenia or splenic dysfunction were enrolled (age strata: 2-4, 5-10 and 11-17years), was conducted in Poland and the Russian Federation. For the 2-4years at-risk group, healthy age-matched children were enrolled as control. Unprimed children (not previously vaccinated with any pneumococcal vaccine) received 2 PHiD-CV doses (≥2months apart) and pneumococcal vaccine-primed children received 1 dose. Immune responses were assessed pre-vaccination and one month post-each dose. Solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were recorded for 4 and 31days post-vaccination, respectively, and serious AEs (SAEs) throughout the study. Of 52 vaccinated children (18 at-risk primed, 28 at-risk unprimed and 6 control unprimed), 45 (18, 23 and 4, respectively) were included in the according-to-protocol cohort for immunogenicity. Post-vaccination (post-dose 1 in primed and post-dose 2 in unprimed children), for each vaccine pneumococcal serotype and vaccine-related serotype 6A all at-risk children had antibody concentrations ≥0.2µg/mL, and for vaccine-related serotype 19A at least 94.4%. Increases in antibody geometric mean concentrations were observed. For most serotypes, all at-risk children had post-vaccination opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titers ≥8 and increases in OPA geometric mean titers were observed. No safety concerns were raised. One non-fatal SAE (respiratory tract infection, considered not vaccine-related) was reported by one at-risk unprimed child. PHiD-CV was immunogenic and well tolerated in 2

  18. Possibility of Recombination Gain Increase in CV Ions at 4.0 nm Via Coherence

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Luo, Y.; Morozov, A.; Gordon, D.; Sprangle, P.; Svidzinsky, A.; Xia, H.; Scully, M.; Suckewer, S.

    This paper is about the recent experimental results on amplification of the CV line in the "water window" at 4.03 nm from resonance transition to the ground level of He-like ions in recombination scheme. The indication of the amplification of the CV line has been observed when an elongated narrow plasma channel was created, where high intensity 100 fs beams, optimal for creating CV ions in high density plasma, was propagated up to 0.5-0.6 mm. Without channeling the effective plasma length was much shorter and there was no indication of amplification.The large interest in gain generation in He-like ions in the transition to ground state is due to the possibility of applying a recently developed theory of Lasing Without Inversion (LWI) in XUV and X-ray regions to largely increase the gain for such transitions. The presented results of the indication of CV line amplifications are being discussed from the point of view of using LWI as a superradiance gain increase, hence to construct a very compact soft X-ray laser in the "water window".The last part of the paper is related to the application of the ultra-intensive fs plasma laser, which is currently in the process of development by using stimulated Raman backscattering (SRBS) to create a plasma amplifier and compressor, as the pump for compact laser operating in the "water window" and also at shorter wavelengths.

  19. Compound ultrarefractory CAI-bearing inclusions from CV3 carbonaceous chondrites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ivanova, Marina A.; Krot, Alexander N.; Nagashima, Kazuhide; MacPherson, Glenn J.

    2012-12-01

    Abstract-Two compound calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs), 3N from the oxidized <span class="hlt">CV</span> chondrite Northwest Africa (NWA) 3118 and 33E from the reduced <span class="hlt">CV</span> chondrite Efremovka, contain ultrarefractory (UR) inclusions. 3N is a forsterite-bearing type B (FoB) CAI that encloses UR inclusion 3N-24 composed of Zr,Sc,Y-rich oxides, Y-rich perovskite, and Zr,Sc-rich Al,Ti-diopside. 33E contains a fluffy type A (FTA) CAI and UR CAI 33E-1, surrounded <span class="hlt">by</span> Wark-Lovering rim layers of spinel, Al-diopside, and forsterite, and a common forsterite-rich accretionary rim. 33E-1 is composed of Zr,Sc,Y-rich oxides, Y-rich perovskite, Zr,Sc,Y-rich pyroxenes (Al,Ti-diopside, Sc-rich pyroxene), and gehlenite. 3N-24's UR oxides and Zr,Sc-rich Al,Ti-diopsides are 16O-poor (Δ17O approximately -<span class="hlt">2</span>‰ to -5‰). Spinel in 3N-24 and spinel and Al-diopside in the FoB CAI are 16O-rich (Δ17O approximately -23 ± <span class="hlt">2</span>‰). 33E-1's UR oxides and Zr,Sc-rich Al,Ti-diopsides are 16O-depleted (Δ17O approximately -<span class="hlt">2</span>‰ to -5‰) vs. Al,Ti-diopside of the FTA CAI and spinel (Δ17O approximately -23 ± <span class="hlt">2</span>‰), and Wark-Lovering rim Al,Ti-diopside (Δ17O approximately -7‰ to -19‰). We infer that the inclusions experienced multistage formation in nebular regions with different oxygen-isotope compositions. 3N-24 and 33E-1's precursors formed <span class="hlt">by</span> evaporation/condensation above 1600 °C. 3N and 33E's precursors formed <span class="hlt">by</span> condensation and melting (3N only) at significantly lower temperatures. 3N-24 and 3N's precursors aggregated into a compound object and experienced partial melting and thermal annealing. 33E-1 and 33E avoided melting prior to and after aggregation. They acquired Wark-Lovering and common forsterite-rich accretionary rims, probably <span class="hlt">by</span> condensation, followed <span class="hlt">by</span> thermal annealing. We suggest 3N-24 and 33E-1 originated in a 16O-rich gaseous reservoir and subsequently experienced isotope exchange in a 16O-poor gaseous reservoir. Mechanism and timing of oxygen-isotope exchange remain</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20099085','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20099085"><span>Micropropagation and organogenesis of Anthurium andreanum Lind <span class="hlt">cv</span> Rubrun.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Maira, Oropeza; Alexander, Mejías; Vargas, Teresa Edith</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Tissue culture techniques are routinely used for mass propagation and the establishment of disease free stock material. Virtually all pot type Anthuriums available in the market today are produced <span class="hlt">by</span> tissue culture. In this chapter, we describe an efficient protocol to obtain Anthurium andreanum <span class="hlt">cv</span> Rubrun vitro plants through micropropagation and organogenesis. Seeds from plant spadixes were germinated on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BA. Micro-cuttings from in vitro germinated seedlings were subcultured on MS medium containing <span class="hlt">2</span> mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA. Four-week-old in vitro plants obtained from microcuttings, showed callus proliferation at the stem base. The development of shoots and plantlets was observed from callus tissue. We also describe a detailed method for the histological analysis of callus tissue and a vitro plants acclimatization protocol.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_10 --> <div id="page_11" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="201"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ASInC..12..127J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ASInC..12..127J"><span>PALOMA:A Magnetic <span class="hlt">CV</span> between Polars and Intermediate Polars</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Joshi, Arti; Pandey, J. C.</p> <p></p> <p>Using observations made with XMM-Newton, we present temporal and spectral analysis of an intermediate polar-like object Paloma. We also interpreted Paloma as a key object for magnetic <span class="hlt">CV</span> evolution with an orbital period right within the period gap.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20080012137&hterms=CER&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3DCER','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20080012137&hterms=CER&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3DCER"><span>CERES ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) in HDF ( CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)</p> <p></p> <p>The ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-9 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. All instantaneous shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-8 product for a month are sorted <span class="hlt">by</span> <span class="hlt">2</span>.5-degree spatial regions, <span class="hlt">by</span> day number, and <span class="hlt">by</span> the local hour of observation. The mean of the instantaneous fluxes for a given region-day-hour bin is determined and recorded on the ES-9 along with other flux statistics and scene information. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The ES-9 also contains hourly average fluxes for the month and an overall monthly average for each region. These average fluxes are given for both clear-sky and total-sky scenes. The following CERES ES9 data sets are currently available: CER_ES9_FM1+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_PFM+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_Terra-FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_Terra-FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_FM1+FM3_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_FM1+FM4_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span> CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span> CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span> CER_ES9_Terra-FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span>. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-03-29] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20080012124&hterms=CER&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3DCER','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20080012124&hterms=CER&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3DCER"><span>CERES ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) in HDF ( CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)</p> <p></p> <p>The ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-9 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. All instantaneous shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-8 product for a month are sorted <span class="hlt">by</span> <span class="hlt">2</span>.5-degree spatial regions, <span class="hlt">by</span> day number, and <span class="hlt">by</span> the local hour of observation. The mean of the instantaneous fluxes for a given region-day-hour bin is determined and recorded on the ES-9 along with other flux statistics and scene information. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The ES-9 also contains hourly average fluxes for the month and an overall monthly average for each region. These average fluxes are given for both clear-sky and total-sky scenes. The following CERES ES9 data sets are currently available: CER_ES9_FM1+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_PFM+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_Terra-FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_Terra-FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_FM1+FM3_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_FM1+FM4_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span> CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span> CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span> CER_ES9_Terra-FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span>. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2006-09-30] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20080012129&hterms=CER&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3DCER','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20080012129&hterms=CER&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3DCER"><span>CERES ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) in HDF ( CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)</p> <p></p> <p>The ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-9 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. All instantaneous shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-8 product for a month are sorted <span class="hlt">by</span> <span class="hlt">2</span>.5-degree spatial regions, <span class="hlt">by</span> day number, and <span class="hlt">by</span> the local hour of observation. The mean of the instantaneous fluxes for a given region-day-hour bin is determined and recorded on the ES-9 along with other flux statistics and scene information. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The ES-9 also contains hourly average fluxes for the month and an overall monthly average for each region. These average fluxes are given for both clear-sky and total-sky scenes. The following CERES ES9 data sets are currently available: CER_ES9_FM1+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_PFM+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_Terra-FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_Terra-FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_FM1+FM3_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_FM1+FM4_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span> CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span> CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span> CER_ES9_Terra-FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span>. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2006-10-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SSEle.145...19P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SSEle.145...19P"><span>Analysis and modeling of wafer-level process variability in 28 nm FD-SOI using split <span class="hlt">C-V</span> measurements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pradeep, Krishna; Poiroux, Thierry; Scheer, Patrick; Juge, André; Gouget, Gilles; Ghibaudo, Gérard</p> <p>2018-07-01</p> <p>This work details the analysis of wafer level global process variability in 28 nm FD-SOI using split <span class="hlt">C-V</span> measurements. The proposed approach initially evaluates the native on wafer process variability using efficient extraction methods on split <span class="hlt">C-V</span> measurements. The on-wafer threshold voltage (VT) variability is first studied and modeled using a simple analytical model. Then, a statistical model based on the Leti-UTSOI compact model is proposed to describe the total <span class="hlt">C-V</span> variability in different bias conditions. This statistical model is finally used to study the contribution of each process parameter to the total <span class="hlt">C-V</span> variability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25938695','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25938695"><span>Ryegrass <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Lema and guava <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Paluma biomonitoring suitability for estimating nutritional contamination risks under seasonal climate in Southeastern Brazil.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bulbovas, Patricia; Camargo, Carla Z S; Domingos, Marisa</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>The risks posed <span class="hlt">by</span> nutrient deposition due to air pollution on ecosystems and their respective services to human beings can be appropriately estimated <span class="hlt">by</span> bioindicator plants when they are well acclimated to the study region environmental conditions. This assumption encouraged us to comparatively evaluate the accumulation potential of ryegrass <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Lema and guava <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Paluma macro and micronutrients. We also indicated the most appropriate species for biomonitoring nutrient contamination risks in tropical areas of Southeastern Brazil, which are characterized <span class="hlt">by</span> marked dry and wet seasons and complex mixtures of air pollutants from different sources (industries, vehicle traffic and agriculture). The study was conducted in 14 sites with different neighboring land uses, within the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, central-eastern region of São Paulo State. The exposure experiments with ryegrass and guava were consecutively repeated 40 (28 days each) and 12 (84 days each) times, respectively, from Oct/2010 to Sept/2013. Macro and micronutrients were analyzed and background concentrations and enrichment ratios (ER) were estimated to classify the contamination risk within the study region. Significantly higher ER suggested that ryegrass were the most appropriate accumulator species for N, S, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn deposition and guava for K, Ca, P and B deposition. Based on these biomonitoring adjustments, we concluded that the nutrient deposition was spatially homogeneous in the study area, but clear seasonality in the contamination risk <span class="hlt">by</span> nutritional inputs was evidenced. Significantly higher contamination risk <span class="hlt">by</span> S, Fe, K and B occurred during the dry season and enhanced contamination risk <span class="hlt">by</span> Mn, Cu and Zn were highlighted during the wet season. Distinctly high contamination risk was estimated for S, Fe and Mn in several exposure experiments. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-ED95-43234-1.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-ED95-43234-1.html"><span><span class="hlt">CV</span>-990 Landing Systems Research Aircraft (LSRA) during Space Shuttle tire test</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>1995-08-02</p> <p>A NASA <span class="hlt">CV</span>-990, modified as a Landing Systems Research Aircraft (LSRA), lands on the Edwards AFB main runway in test of the space shuttle landing gear system. In this case, the shuttle tire failed, bursting into flame during the rollout. The space shuttle landing gear test unit, operated <span class="hlt">by</span> a high-pressure hydraulic system, allowed engineers to assess and document the performance of space shuttle main and nose landing gear systems, tires and wheel assemblies, plus braking and nose wheel steering performance. The series of 155 test missions for the space shuttle program provided extensive data about the life and endurance of the shuttle tire systems and helped raise the shuttle crosswind landing limits at Kennedy. The <span class="hlt">CV</span>-990 used as the LSRA was built in 1962 <span class="hlt">by</span> the Convair Division of General Dynamics Corp., Ft. Worth, Texas, served as a research aircraft at Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, before it came to Dryden.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12789503','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12789503"><span>Transformation of triploid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis <span class="hlt">cv</span>. TifEagle) <span class="hlt">by</span> means of biolistic bombardment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhang, G; Lu, S; Chen, T A; Funk, C R; Meyer, W A</p> <p>2003-06-01</p> <p>A transformation system for triploid bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis <span class="hlt">cv</span>. TifEagle) was established with a biolistic bombardment delivery system. Embryogenic callus was induced from stolons and maintained on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 30 microM dicamba, 20 microM benzylaminopurine, and 100 mg/l myo-inositol. Using the hygromycin phosphotransferase ( hpt) gene as the selectable marker gene, we obtained 75 transgenic lines from 18 petri dishes bombarded. Integration of the hpt gene into genomic DNA and transcription of hpt was confirmed <span class="hlt">by</span> Southern and Northern blot analyses, respectively. Through suspension culture screening, we obtained homogeneously transformed plants showing stable transcription of the hpt gene.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22889530','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22889530"><span>Isolation and structure elucidation of tetrameric procyanidins from unripe apples (Malus pumila <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Fuji) <span class="hlt">by</span> NMR spectroscopy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nakashima, Shohei; Oda, Chihiro; Masuda, Susumu; Tagashira, Motoyuki; Kanda, Tomomasa</p> <p>2012-11-01</p> <p>Procyanidins are plant secondary metabolites widely consumed and known to have various physiological functions, but their bioavailability and mechanism of action are still unclear especially for larger oligomers. One of the reasons is scarce information about the detailed structure of oligomeric procyanidins. As for apple, structures of procyanidin components larger than trimers are scarcely known. In this study, 11 tetrameric procyanidins including two known compounds were isolated from unripe apples (Malus pumila <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Fuji) and identified <span class="hlt">by</span> NMR spectroscopic analysis and phloroglucinol degradation. As a result, the detailed structural diversity of tetrameric procyanidins in apple was established. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18239419','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18239419"><span>Antiviral activity of the exopolysaccharide produced <span class="hlt">by</span> Serratia sp. strain Gsm01 against Cucumber mosaic virus.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ipper, Nagesh S; Cho, Saeyoull; Lee, Seon Hwa; Cho, Jun Mo; Hur, Jang Hyun; Lim, Chun Keun</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>The potential of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) from a Serratia sp. strain Gsm01 as an antiviral agent against a yellow strain of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Y) was evaluated in tobacco plants (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Xanthi-nc). The spray treatment of plants using an EPS preparation, 72 before CMV-Y inoculation, protected them against symptom appearance. Fifteen days after challenge inoculation with CMVY, 33.33% of plants showed mosaic symptoms in EPS-treated plants compared with 100% in the control plants. The EPS-treated plants, which showed mosaic symptoms, appeared three days later than the controls. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses of the leaves of the protected plants revealed that the EPS treatment affected virus accumulation in those plants. Analysis of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, and phenols in protected plants revealed enhanced accumulation of these substances. The pathogenesis-related (PR) genes expression represented <span class="hlt">by</span> PR-1b was increased in EPS-treated plants. This is the first report of a systemic induction of protection triggered <span class="hlt">by</span> EPS produced <span class="hlt">by</span> Serratia sp. against CMV-Y.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26592362','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26592362"><span>Discrimination of the sensory quality of the Coffea arabica L. (<span class="hlt">cv</span>. Yellow Bourbon) produced in different altitudes using decision trees obtained <span class="hlt">by</span> the CHAID method.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ramos, Mariana Figueira; Ribeiro, Diego Egídio; Cirillo, Marcelo Ângelo; Borém, Flávio Meira</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>Knowledge of the sensory profile of coffee quality, associated with genetic and environmental factors, is of utmost importance for the international market, as well as for the productive sector. In this context, the goal of this study was to classify the quality of Coffea arabica L., <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Yellow Bourbon, according to different scores obtained through sensory evaluations based on the Specialty Coffee Association of America protocol (SCAA), and <span class="hlt">by</span> means of decision trees resulting from applying the CHAID method (chi-square automatic interaction detection). To that end, we used a database with the sensory characteristics of <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Yellow Bourbon and the environmental characteristics of the Mantiqueira de Minas region, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The method used exhibited promising results regarding accuracy and success rates in order to discriminate coffee sensory quality as a function of the production environment. The results obtained clearly show the effect of the coffee growing environment on the Yellow Bourbon variety, resulting in notable sensory differences in the beverage. It was possible to discriminate <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Yellow Bourbon coffee samples, the sensory evaluations of which resulted in scores of ≥88 points, which are associated with growing environments at altitudes of ≥1200 m. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29163615','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29163615"><span>Assessing the Pathogenic Ability of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum (Ralstonia solanacearum Phylotype I) from Ornamental Rosa spp. Plants.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tjou-Tam-Sin, Napoleon N A; van de Bilt, Jeroen L J; Westenberg, Marcel; Gorkink-Smits, Peggy P M A; Landman, N Marco; Bergsma-Vlami, Maria</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum ( Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype I) isolates found in stunted, yellowing, and wilted ornamental rose ( Rosa spp.) were assessed for their pathogenic ability in two rose cultivars (<span class="hlt">cv</span>. "Armando" and <span class="hlt">cv</span>. "Red Naomi") and in four solanaceous crops: tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum <span class="hlt">cv</span>. "Money Maker"), tobacco ( Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> <span class="hlt">cv</span>. "White Burley"), eggplant ( Solanum melongena <span class="hlt">cv</span>. "Black Beauty") and sweet pepper ( Capsicum annum <span class="hlt">cv</span>. "Yolo Wonder"). Significant differences were observed in susceptibility between the two rose cultivars as well as between the two modes of inoculation performed. The cultivar "Armando" was significantly more susceptible than cultivar "Red Naomi," exhibiting higher disease severity and incidence. Similarly, stem inoculation after wounding was found to be significantly more effective than soil drenching, resulting in higher disease severity. Additionally, a temperature dependency in susceptibility was observed for both cultivars irrespective of the mode of inoculation, however, this was significantly more pronounced upon soil drenching. The solanaceous crops all showed to be susceptible to the R . pseudosolanacearum isolates originated from the Rosa spp. plants. Furthermore, both rose cultivars were able to harbor symptomless infections with other R . pseudosolanacearum and R. solanacearum isolates than those isolated from rose. Our results clearly demonstrated that latent infections in a rose cultivar such as <span class="hlt">cv</span>. "Red Naomi" do occur even at temperatures as low as 20°C. This latency poses high risks for the entire floricultural industry as latently infected Rosa spp. plants are propagated and distributed over various continents, including areas where climatic conditions are optimal for the pathogen.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23573031','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23573031"><span>In vitro regeneration through organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in pigeon pea [ Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] <span class="hlt">cv</span>. JKR105.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Krishna, Gaurav; Reddy, P Sairam; Ramteke, Pramod W; Rambabu, Pogiri; Sohrab, Sayed S; Rana, Debashis; Bhattacharya, Parthasarathi</p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>In vitro regeneration of pigeon pea through organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis was demonstrated with pigeon pea <span class="hlt">cv</span>. JKR105. Embryonic axes explants of pigeon pea showed greater regeneration of shoot buds on <span class="hlt">2</span>.5 mg L(-1) 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in the medium, followed <span class="hlt">by</span> further elongation at lower concentrations. Rooting of shoots was observed on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with <span class="hlt">2</span> % sucrose and 0.5 mg L(-1) 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA). On the other hand, the regeneration of globular embryos from cotyledon explant was faster and greater with thidiazuron (TDZ) than BAP with sucrose as carbohydrate source. These globular embryos were maturated on MS medium with abscisic acid (ABA) and finally germinated on half-strength MS medium at lower concentrations of BAP. Comparison of regeneration pathways in pigeon pea <span class="hlt">cv</span>. JKR105 showed that the turnover of successful establishment of plants achieved through organogenesis was more compared to somatic embryogenesis, despite the production of more embryos than shoot buds.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19840038496&hterms=air+contamination&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dair%2Bcontamination','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19840038496&hterms=air+contamination&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dair%2Bcontamination"><span>Air-sampling inlet contamination <span class="hlt">by</span> aircraft emissions on the NASA <span class="hlt">CV</span>-990 aircraft</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Condon, E. P.; Vedder, J. F.</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>Results of an experimental investigation of the contamination of air sampling inlets <span class="hlt">by</span> aircraft emissions from the NASA <span class="hlt">CV</span>-990 research aircraft are presented. This four-engine jet aircraft is a NASA facility used for many different atmospheric and meteorological experiments, as well as for developing spacecraft instrumentation for remote measurements. Our investigations were performed to provide information on which to base the selection of sampling locations for a series of multi-instrument missions for measuring tropospheric trace gases. The major source of contamination is the exhaust from the jet engines, which generate many of the same gases that are of interest in atmospheric chemistry, as well as other gases that may interfere with sampling measurements. The engine exhaust contains these gases in mixing ratios many orders of magnitude greater than those that occur in the clean atmosphere which the missions seek to quantify. Pressurized samples of air were collected simultaneously from a scoop located forward of the engines to represent clean air and from other multiport scoops at various aft positions on the aircraft. The air samples were analyzed in the laboratory <span class="hlt">by</span> gas chromatography for carbon monoxide, an abundant combustion <span class="hlt">by</span>-product. Data are presented for various scoop locations under various flight conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20018902','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20018902"><span>Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> EIL<span class="hlt">2</span> directly regulates expression of at least one tobacco gene induced <span class="hlt">by</span> sulphur starvation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wawrzyńska, Anna; Lewandowska, Małgorzata; Sirko, Agnieszka</p> <p>2010-03-01</p> <p>Sulphur deficiency severely affects plant growth and their agricultural productivity leading to diverse changes in development and metabolisms. Molecular mechanisms regulating gene expression under low sulphur conditions remain largely unknown. AtSLIM1, a member of the EIN3-like (EIL) family was reported to be a central transcriptional regulator of the plant sulphur response, however, no direct interaction of this protein with any sulphur-responsive promoters was demonstrated. The focus of this study was on the analysis of a promoter region of UP9C, a tobacco gene strongly induced <span class="hlt">by</span> sulphur limitation. Cloning and subsequent examination of this promoter resulted in the identification of a 20-nt sequence (UPE-box), also present in the promoters of several Arabidopsis genes, including three out of four homologues of UP9C. The UPE-box, consisting of two parallel tebs sequences (TEIL binding site), proved to be necessary to bind the transcription factors belonging to the EIL family and of a 5-nt conserved sequence at the 3'-end. The yeast one-hybrid analysis resulted in the identification of one transcription factor (NtEIL<span class="hlt">2</span>) capable of binding to the UPE-box. The interactions of NtEIL<span class="hlt">2</span>, and its homologue from Arabidopsis, AtSLIM1, with DNA were affected <span class="hlt">by</span> mutations within the UPE-box. Transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana have further shown that both factors, NtEIL<span class="hlt">2</span> and AtSLIM1, activate the UP9C promoter. Interestingly, activation <span class="hlt">by</span> NtEIL<span class="hlt">2</span>, but not <span class="hlt">by</span> AtSLIM1, was dependent on the sulphur-deficiency of the plants.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21153407','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21153407"><span>Molecular variability and evolution of the pectate lyase (pel-<span class="hlt">2</span>) parasitism gene in cyst nematodes parasitizing different solanaceous plants.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Geric Stare, Barbara; Fouville, Didier; Širca, Saša; Gallot, Aurore; Urek, Gregor; Grenier, Eric</p> <p>2011-02-01</p> <p>While pectate lyases are major parasitism factors in plant-parasitic nematodes, there is little information on the variability of these genes within species and their utility as pathotype or host range molecular markers. We have analysed polymorphisms of pectate lyase <span class="hlt">2</span> (pel-<span class="hlt">2</span>) gene, which degrades the unesterified polygalacturonate (pectate) of the host cell-wall, in the genus Globodera. Molecular variability of the pel-<span class="hlt">2</span> gene and the predicted protein was evaluated in populations of G. rostochiensis, G. pallida, G. "mexicana" and G. <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>. Seventy eight pel-<span class="hlt">2</span> sequences were obtained and aligned. Point mutations were observed at 373 positions, 57% of these affect the coding part of the gene and produce 129 aa replacements. The observed polymorphism does not correlate either to the pathotypes proposed in potato cyst nematodes (PCN) or the subspecies described in tobacco cyst nematodes. The trees reveal a topology different from the admitted species topology as G. rostochiensis and G. pallida sequences are more similar to each other than to G. <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>. Species-specific sites, potentially applicable for identification, and sites distinguishing PCN from tobacco cyst nematodes, were identified. As both G. rostochiensis and G. pallida display the same host range, but distinct from G. <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>, which cannot parasitize potato plants, it is tempting to speculate that pel-<span class="hlt">2</span> genes polymorphism may be implicated in this adaptation, a view supported <span class="hlt">by</span> the fact that no active pectate lyase <span class="hlt">2</span> was found in G. "mexicana", a close relative of G. pallida that is unable to develop on cultivated potato varieties.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20843304','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20843304"><span>Determinants and prognostic implications of cardiac troponin T measured <span class="hlt">by</span> a sensitive assay in type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes mellitus.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hallén, Jonas; Johansen, Odd Erik; Birkeland, Kåre I; Gullestad, Lars; Aakhus, Svend; Endresen, Knut; Tjora, Solve; Jaffe, Allan S; Atar, Dan</p> <p>2010-09-15</p> <p>The cardiac troponins are biomarkers used for diagnosis of myocardial injury. They are also powerful prognostic markers in many diseases and settings. Recently introduced high-sensitivity assays indicate that chronic cardiac troponin elevations are common in response to cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) morbidity. Type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes mellitus (T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM) confers a high risk of <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease, but little is known about chronic cardiac troponin elevations in diabetic subjects. Accordingly, we aimed to understand the prevalence, determinants, and prognostic implications of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) elevations measured with a high-sensitivity assay in patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM. cTnT was measured in stored, frozen serum samples from 124 subjects enrolled in the Asker and Bærum Cardiovascular Diabetes trial at baseline and at <span class="hlt">2</span>-year follow-up, if available (96 samples available). Results were analyzed in relation to baseline variables, hospitalizations, and group assignment (multifactorial intensive versus conventional diabetes care for lowering <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk). One-hundred thirteen (90%) had detectable cTnT at baseline and of those, 22 (18% of the total population) subjects had values above the 99th percentile for healthy controls (13.5 ng/L). Levels at baseline were associated with conventional <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk factors (age, renal function, gender). There was a strong correlation between cTnT levels at the two time-points (r=0.92, p>0.001). Risk for hospitalizations during follow-up increased step-wise <span class="hlt">by</span> quartiles of hscTnT measured at baseline (p=0.058). Elevations of cTnT above the 99th percentile measured <span class="hlt">by</span> a highly sensitive assay were encountered frequently in a population of T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM patients. cTnT levels appeared to be stable over time and associated with conventional <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk factors. Although a clear trend was present, no statistically robust associations with adverse outcomes could be found.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21063907','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21063907"><span>Crystallization of the photosystem II core complex and its chlorophyll binding subunit CP43 from transplastomic plants of Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Piano, Dario; El Alaoui, Sabah; Korza, Henryk J; Filipek, Renata; Sabala, Izabela; Haniewicz, Patrycja; Buechel, Claudia; De Sanctis, Daniele; Bochtler, Matthias</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>Photosystem II from transplastomic plants of Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> with a hexahistidine tag at the N-terminal end of the PsbE subunit (α-chain of the cytochrome b(559)) was purified according to the protocol of Fey et al. (BBA 12:1501-1509, 2008). The protein sample was then subjected to two additional gel filtration runs in order to increase its homogeneity and to standardize the amount of detergent. Large three dimensional crystals of the core complex were obtained. Crystals of one of its chlorophyll binding subunits (CP43) in isolation grew in very similar conditions that differed only in the concentration of the detergent. Diffraction of Photosystem II and CP43 crystals at various synchrotron beamlines was limited to a resolution of 7 and 14 Å, respectively. In both cases the diffraction quality was insufficient for an unambiguous assignment of the crystallographic lattice or space group.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1339585-mouse-fat-storage-inducing-transmembrane-protein-fit2-promotes-lipid-droplet-accumulation-plants','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1339585-mouse-fat-storage-inducing-transmembrane-protein-fit2-promotes-lipid-droplet-accumulation-plants"><span>Mouse fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein <span class="hlt">2</span> (FIT<span class="hlt">2</span>) promotes lipid droplet accumulation in plants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Cai, Yingqi; McClinchie, Elizabeth; Price, Ann; ...</p> <p>2017-01-18</p> <p>Fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein <span class="hlt">2</span> (FIT<span class="hlt">2</span>) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized protein that plays an important role in lipid droplet (LD) formation in animal cells. However, no obvious homologue of FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> is found in plants. We tested the function of FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> in plant cells <span class="hlt">by</span> ectopically expressing mouse (Mus musculus) FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> in Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> suspension-cultured cells, Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Confocal microscopy indicated that the expression of FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> dramatically increased the number and size of LDs in leaves of N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis, and lipidomics analysis and mass spectrometry imaging confirmed the accumulation of neutral lipids inmore » leaves. FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> also increased seed oil content <span class="hlt">by</span> ~13% in some stable, overexpressing lines of Arabidopsis. Furthermore, when expressed transiently in leaves of N. benthamiana or suspension cells of N. <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>, FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> localized specifically to the ER and was often concentrated at certain regions of the ER that resembled ER-LD junction sites. FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> also colocalized at the ER with other proteins known to be involved in triacylglycerol biosynthesis or LD formation in plants, but not with ER resident proteins involved in electron transfer or ERvesicle exit sites. Collectively, these results demonstrate that mouse FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> promotes LD accumulation in plants, a surprising functional conservation in the context of a plant cell given the apparent lack of FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> homologues in higher plants. Our results suggest also that FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> expression represents an effective synthetic biology strategy for elaborating neutral lipid compartments in plant tissues for potential biofuel or bioproduct purposes.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1339585-mouse-fat-storage-inducing-transmembrane-protein-fit2-promotes-lipid-droplet-accumulation-plants','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1339585-mouse-fat-storage-inducing-transmembrane-protein-fit2-promotes-lipid-droplet-accumulation-plants"><span>Mouse fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein <span class="hlt">2</span> (FIT<span class="hlt">2</span>) promotes lipid droplet accumulation in plants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Cai, Yingqi; McClinchie, Elizabeth; Price, Ann</p> <p></p> <p>Fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein <span class="hlt">2</span> (FIT<span class="hlt">2</span>) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized protein that plays an important role in lipid droplet (LD) formation in animal cells. However, no obvious homologue of FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> is found in plants. We tested the function of FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> in plant cells <span class="hlt">by</span> ectopically expressing mouse (Mus musculus) FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> in Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> suspension-cultured cells, Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Confocal microscopy indicated that the expression of FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> dramatically increased the number and size of LDs in leaves of N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis, and lipidomics analysis and mass spectrometry imaging confirmed the accumulation of neutral lipids inmore » leaves. FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> also increased seed oil content <span class="hlt">by</span> ~13% in some stable, overexpressing lines of Arabidopsis. Furthermore, when expressed transiently in leaves of N. benthamiana or suspension cells of N. <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>, FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> localized specifically to the ER and was often concentrated at certain regions of the ER that resembled ER-LD junction sites. FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> also colocalized at the ER with other proteins known to be involved in triacylglycerol biosynthesis or LD formation in plants, but not with ER resident proteins involved in electron transfer or ERvesicle exit sites. Collectively, these results demonstrate that mouse FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> promotes LD accumulation in plants, a surprising functional conservation in the context of a plant cell given the apparent lack of FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> homologues in higher plants. Our results suggest also that FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> expression represents an effective synthetic biology strategy for elaborating neutral lipid compartments in plant tissues for potential biofuel or bioproduct purposes.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21344295','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21344295"><span>Consequences of transforming narrow leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius [L.]) with an ipt gene under control of a flower-specific promoter.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Atkins, Craig A; Emery, R J Neil; Smith, Penelope M C</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>Phenotypes of five transgenic lines of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius [L] <span class="hlt">cv</span> Merrit) stably transformed with the isopentenyl pyrophosphate transferase (ipt) gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens coupled to a flower-specific promoter (TP12) from Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> [L.] are described. Expression of the transgene was detected in floral tissues and in shoot apical meristems on all orders of inflorescence. In each transgenic line there was significant axillary bud outgrowth at all nodes on the main stem with pronounced branch development from the more basal nodes in three of the lines. The lowest basal branches developed in a manner similar to the upper stem axillary branches on <span class="hlt">cv</span> Merrit and bore fruits, which, in two lines, contained a significant yield of filled seeds at maturity. Senescence of the cotyledons was delayed in all lines with green cotyledons persisting beyond anthesis in one case. IPT expression increased cytokinin (CK) levels in flowers, meristem tissues and phloem exudates in a form specific manner, which was suggestive of localized flower and meristem production with significant long-distance re-distribution in phloem. The total number of fruits formed (pod set) on some transgenic lines was increased compared to <span class="hlt">cv</span> Merrit. Grain size compared to <span class="hlt">cv</span> Merrit was not significantly altered in transgenic lines.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160013531','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160013531"><span>James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Integrated Science Instruments Module (ISIM) Cryo-Vacuum (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) Test Campaign Summary</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Yew, Calinda; Whitehouse, Paul; Lui, Yan; Banks, Kimberly</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>JWST Integrated Science Instruments Module (ISIM) has completed its system-level testing program at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). In March 2016, ISIM was successfully delivered for integration with the Optical Telescope Element (OTE) after the successful verification of the system through a series of three cryo-vacuum (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) tests. The first test served as a risk reduction test; the second test provided the initial verification of the fully-integrated flight instruments; and the third test verified the system in its final flight configuration. The complexity of the mission has generated challenging requirements that demand highly reliable system performance and capabilities from the Space Environment Simulator (SES) vacuum chamber. As JWST progressed through its <span class="hlt">CV</span> testing campaign, deficiencies in the test configuration and support equipment were uncovered from one test to the next. Subsequent upgrades and modifications were implemented to improve the facility support capabilities required to achieve test requirements. This paper: (1) provides an overview of the integrated mechanical and thermal facility systems required to achieve the objectives of JWST ISIM testing, (<span class="hlt">2</span>) compares the overall facility performance and instrumentation results from the three ISIM <span class="hlt">CV</span> tests, and (3) summarizes lessons learned from the ISIM testing campaign.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4552748','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4552748"><span>Psychometric Properties of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCI-<span class="hlt">CV</span>) in Chilean Children and Adolescents</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Martínez-González, Agustín E.; Rodríguez-Jiménez, Tíscar; Piqueras, José A.; Vera-Villarroel, Pablo; Godoy, Antonio</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in the development of assessment tools for obsessive-compulsive symptomatology in children and adolescents. The Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCI-<span class="hlt">CV</span>) is a well-established assessment self-report, with special interest for the assessment of dimensions of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). This instrument has shown to be useful for clinical and non-clinical populations in two languages (English and European Spanish). Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the OCI-<span class="hlt">CV</span> in a Chilean community sample. The sample consisted of 816 children and adolescents with a mean age of 14.54 years (SD = <span class="hlt">2</span>.21; range = 10–18 years). Factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent/divergent validity, and gender/age differences were examined. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a 6-factor structure (Doubting/Checking, Obsessing, Hoarding, Washing, Ordering, and Neutralizing) with one second-order factor. Good estimates of reliability (including internal consistency and test-retest), evidence supporting the validity, and small age and gender differences (higher levels of OCD symptomatology among older participants and women, respectively) are found. The OCI-<span class="hlt">CV</span> is also an adequate scale for the assessment of obsessions and compulsions in a general population of Chilean children and adolescents. PMID:26317404</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS1003a2035A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS1003a2035A"><span>Information Hiding In Digital Video Using DCT, DWT and <span class="hlt">Cv</span>T</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Abed Shukur, Wisam; Najah Abdullah, Wathiq; Kareem Qurban, Luheb</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>The type of video that used in this proposed hiding a secret information technique is .AVI; the proposed technique of a data hiding to embed a secret information into video frames <span class="hlt">by</span> using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Curvelet Transform (<span class="hlt">Cv</span>T). An individual pixel consists of three color components (RGB), the secret information is embedded in Red (R) color channel. On the receiver side, the secret information is extracted from received video. After extracting secret information, robustness of proposed hiding a secret information technique is measured and obtained <span class="hlt">by</span> computing the degradation of the extracted secret information <span class="hlt">by</span> comparing it with the original secret information via calculating the Normalized cross Correlation (NC). The experiments shows the error ratio of the proposed technique is (8%) while accuracy ratio is (92%) when the Curvelet Transform (<span class="hlt">Cv</span>T) is used, but compared with Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), the error rates are 11% and 14% respectively, while the accuracy ratios are (89%) and (86%) respectively. So, the experiments shows the Poisson noise gives better results than other types of noises, while the speckle noise gives worst results compared with other types of noises. The proposed technique has been established <span class="hlt">by</span> using MATLAB R2016a programming language.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3909080','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3909080"><span>GmWRKY53, a water- and salt-inducible soybean gene for rapid dissection of regulatory elements in <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cell culture</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Tripathi, Prateek; Rabara, Roel C.; Lin, Jun; Rushton, Paul J.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Drought is the major cause of crop losses worldwide. Water stress-inducible promoters are important for understanding the mechanisms of water stress responses in crop plants. Here we utilized tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L.) Bright Yellow <span class="hlt">2</span> (<span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span>) cell system in presence of polyethylene glycol, salt and phytohormones. Extension of the system to 85 mM NaCl led to inducibility of up to 10-fold with the water stress and salt responsive soybean GmWRKY53 promoter. Upon ABA and JA treatment fold inducibility was up to 5-fold and 14-fold, respectively. Thus, we hypothesize that GmWRKY53 could be used as potential model candidate for dissecting drought regulatory elements as well as understanding crosstalk utilizing a rapid heterologous system of <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> culture. PMID:23511199</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27283783','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27283783"><span>Elucidating the physiological and biochemical responses of different tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) genotypes to lead toxicity.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Maodzeka, Antony; Hussain, Nazim; Wei, Liquan; Zvobgo, Gerald; Mapodzeke, James Mutemachani; Adil, Muhammad Faheem; Jabeen, Salma; Wang, Feng; Jiang, Lixi; Shamsi, Imran Haider</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>In the present study, the effects of lead (Pb) uptake and toxicity were investigated in a hydroponic culture using 7 tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L.) genotypes (Bina 1 [B1], Kutsaga Mammoth 10 [KM10], Nanjing 3 [N3], Kutsaga 35 [K35], Kutsaga E1 [KE1], Cocker 176 [C176], and Kutsaga RK6 [KRK6]) that differed in Pb tolerance. Lead was applied as a solution of Pb nitrate at concentrations of 0 μM, 10 μM, 250 μM, and 500 μM. After 4 wk of Pb treatment, tissue biomass and photosynthetic parameters were measured and elemental analysis was performed. The results showed decreases in growth and photosynthetic parameters with increases in Pb concentration compared with the control. The least reduction in the recorded physiological parameters was noted in K35, whereas the greatest reduction was observed in N3, which is an obvious indication of genotypic differences. Activities of peroxidase, catalase, and malondialdehyde increased significantly with increases in Pb concentration, with genotypes K35 and N3 showing the least and the greatest reduction, respectively. The results demonstrate the phototoxic nature of Pb on plants, and it can be concluded that in Pb-prone areas genotypes K35 and B1 can be used for cultivation because they can grow efficiently in the presence of high Pb concentrations while restricting Pb uptake in the aboveground parts, as seen <span class="hlt">by</span> the higher Pb tolerance index. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:175-181. © 2016 SETAC. © 2016 SETAC.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23291945','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23291945"><span>Safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a booster dose of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>) in Malian children.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dicko, Alassane; Santara, Gaoussou; Mahamar, Almahamoudou; Sidibe, Youssoufa; Barry, Amadou; Dicko, Yahia; Diallo, Aminata; Dolo, Amagana; Doumbo, Ogobara; Shafi, Fakrudeen; François, Nancy; Strezova, Ana; Borys, Dorota; Schuerman, Lode</p> <p>2013-02-01</p> <p>Primary vaccination with the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>) was previously shown to be immunogenic and well tolerated in Malian children. Data on booster vaccination with a fourth consecutive dose of PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> are available for Europe, Asia and Latin America but are lacking for Africa. The present study evaluated further the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a fourth consecutive (booster) dose of PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>. Low incidences of AEs with grade 3 intensity (<span class="hlt">2</span>.1% of subjects) were observed. There were no reports of large swelling reactions and serious adverse events. One month post-booster vaccination, for each vaccine pneumococcal serotype, at least 97.8% of subjects had antibody concentrations ≥ 0.<span class="hlt">2</span> μg/ml, and at least 97.1% of subjects had opsonophagocytic activity ≥ 8. From pre- to post-booster, a 12.3-fold increase in anti-protein D geometric mean concentration was observed. This phase III, open-label study was conducted in Ouelessebougou, Mali, between November 2009 and June 2010. The study population consisted of Malian children previously primed (3 doses) with PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> in study NCT00678301 receiving a fourth consecutive (booster) dose of PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> in the second year of life. The incidences of adverse events (AEs) with grade 3 intensity (primary objective) or of any intensity (secondary objective), and the immunogenicity (secondary objective) of the PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> booster dose were assessed. A booster dose of PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> was well tolerated when administered to Malian children in the second year of life and was highly immunogenic for all 10 vaccine pneumococcal serotypes and NTHi protein D. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00985465).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27987528','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27987528"><span>Mouse fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein <span class="hlt">2</span> (FIT<span class="hlt">2</span>) promotes lipid droplet accumulation in plants.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cai, Yingqi; McClinchie, Elizabeth; Price, Ann; Nguyen, Thuy N; Gidda, Satinder K; Watt, Samantha C; Yurchenko, Olga; Park, Sunjung; Sturtevant, Drew; Mullen, Robert T; Dyer, John M; Chapman, Kent D</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein <span class="hlt">2</span> (FIT<span class="hlt">2</span>) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized protein that plays an important role in lipid droplet (LD) formation in animal cells. However, no obvious homologue of FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> is found in plants. Here, we tested the function of FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> in plant cells <span class="hlt">by</span> ectopically expressing mouse (Mus musculus) FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> in Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> suspension-cultured cells, Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Confocal microscopy indicated that the expression of FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> dramatically increased the number and size of LDs in leaves of N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis, and lipidomics analysis and mass spectrometry imaging confirmed the accumulation of neutral lipids in leaves. FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> also increased seed oil content <span class="hlt">by</span> ~13% in some stable, overexpressing lines of Arabidopsis. When expressed transiently in leaves of N. benthamiana or suspension cells of N. <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>, FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> localized specifically to the ER and was often concentrated at certain regions of the ER that resembled ER-LD junction sites. FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> also colocalized at the ER with other proteins known to be involved in triacylglycerol biosynthesis or LD formation in plants, but not with ER resident proteins involved in electron transfer or ER-vesicle exit sites. Collectively, these results demonstrate that mouse FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> promotes LD accumulation in plants, a surprising functional conservation in the context of a plant cell given the apparent lack of FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> homologues in higher plants. These results suggest also that FIT<span class="hlt">2</span> expression represents an effective synthetic biology strategy for elaborating neutral lipid compartments in plant tissues for potential biofuel or bioproduct purposes. © 2016 The Authors. Plant Biotechnology Journal published <span class="hlt">by</span> Society for Experimental Biology and The Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28982196','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28982196"><span>Effect of mechanical damage and wound healing on the viscoelastic properties of stems of flax cultivars (Linum usitatissimum L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Eden and <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Drakkar).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Paul-Victor, Cloé; Dalle Vacche, Sara; Sordo, Federica; Fink, Siegfried; Speck, Thomas; Michaud, Véronique; Speck, Olga</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>As plant fibres are increasingly used in technical textiles and their composites, underlying principles of wound healing in living plant fibres are relevant to product quality, and provide inspiration for biomimetic healing in synthetic materials. In this work, two Linum usitatissimum cultivars differing in their stem mechanical properties, <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Eden (stems resistant to lodging) and <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Drakkar (with more flexible stems), were grown without wound or with stems previously wounded with a cut parallel or transversal to the stem. To investigate wound healing efficiency, growth traits, stem biomechanics with Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and anatomy were analysed after 25-day recovery. Longitudinal incisions formed open wounds while transversal incisions generated stem growth restoring the whole cross-section but not the original stem organisation. In the case of transversal wound healing, all the bast fibre bundles in the perturbed area became lignified and pulled apart <span class="hlt">by</span> parenchyma cells growth. Both Linum cultivars showed a healing efficiency from 79% to 95% with higher scores for transversal healing. Morphological and anatomical modifications of Linum were related to mechanical properties and healing ability. Alongside with an increased understanding of wound healing in plants, our results highlight their possible impact on textile quality and fibre yield.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5628913','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5628913"><span>Effect of mechanical damage and wound healing on the viscoelastic properties of stems of flax cultivars (Linum usitatissimum L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Eden and <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Drakkar)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Paul-Victor, Cloé; Dalle Vacche, Sara; Sordo, Federica; Fink, Siegfried; Speck, Thomas; Michaud, Véronique</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>As plant fibres are increasingly used in technical textiles and their composites, underlying principles of wound healing in living plant fibres are relevant to product quality, and provide inspiration for biomimetic healing in synthetic materials. In this work, two Linum usitatissimum cultivars differing in their stem mechanical properties, <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Eden (stems resistant to lodging) and <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Drakkar (with more flexible stems), were grown without wound or with stems previously wounded with a cut parallel or transversal to the stem. To investigate wound healing efficiency, growth traits, stem biomechanics with Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and anatomy were analysed after 25-day recovery. Longitudinal incisions formed open wounds while transversal incisions generated stem growth restoring the whole cross-section but not the original stem organisation. In the case of transversal wound healing, all the bast fibre bundles in the perturbed area became lignified and pulled apart <span class="hlt">by</span> parenchyma cells growth. Both Linum cultivars showed a healing efficiency from 79% to 95% with higher scores for transversal healing. Morphological and anatomical modifications of Linum were related to mechanical properties and healing ability. Alongside with an increased understanding of wound healing in plants, our results highlight their possible impact on textile quality and fibre yield. PMID:28982196</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25518947','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25518947"><span>Cyclovirus Cy<span class="hlt">CV</span>-VN species distribution is not limited to Vietnam and extends to Africa.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Garigliany, Mutien-Marie; Hagen, Ralf Matthias; Frickmann, Hagen; May, Jürgen; Schwarz, Norbert Georg; Perse, Amanda; Jöst, Hanna; Börstler, Jessica; Shahhosseini, Nariman; Desmecht, Daniel; Mbunkah, Herbert Afegenwi; Daniel, Achukwi Mbunkah; Kingsley, Manchang Tanyi; Campos, Renata de Mendonca; de Paula, Vanessa Salete; Randriamampionona, Njary; Poppert, Sven; Tannich, Egbert; Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael; Cadar, Daniel; Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas</p> <p>2014-12-18</p> <p>Cycloviruses, small ssDNA viruses of the Circoviridae family, have been identified in the cerebrospinal fluid from symptomatic human patients. One of these species, cyclovirus-Vietnam (Cy<span class="hlt">CV</span>-VN), was shown to be restricted to central and southern Vietnam. Here we report the detection of Cy<span class="hlt">CV</span>-VN species in stool samples from pigs and humans from Africa, far beyond their supposed limited geographic distribution.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AIPC.1558..594R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AIPC.1558..594R"><span>Automatic tracking of red blood cells in micro channels using Open<span class="hlt">CV</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rodrigues, Vânia; Rodrigues, Pedro J.; Pereira, Ana I.; Lima, Rui</p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>The present study aims to developan automatic method able to track red blood cells (RBCs) trajectories flowing through a microchannel using the Open Source Computer Vision (Open<span class="hlt">CV</span>). The developed method is based on optical flux calculation assisted <span class="hlt">by</span> the maximization of the template-matching product. The experimental results show a good functional performance of this method.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/news/announcement-ceres-fm6-edition1-cv-product-release','SCIGOV-ASDC'); return false;" href="https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/news/announcement-ceres-fm6-edition1-cv-product-release"><span>Announcement of CERES FM6 Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span> Product Release</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/">Atmospheric Science Data Center </a></p> <p></p> <p>2018-06-14</p> <p>The Atmospheric Science Data Center (ASDC) at NASA Langley Research Center in collaboration with the CERES Science Team ... be found at the CERES data table:   http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/project/ceres/ceres_table   Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span> is for instrument ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27903558','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27903558"><span>Cost-effectiveness analysis of routine pneumococcal vaccination in the UK: a comparison of the PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> vaccine and the PCV-13 vaccine using a Markov model.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Delgleize, Emmanuelle; Leeuwenkamp, Oscar; Theodorou, Eleni; Van de Velde, Nicolas</p> <p>2016-11-30</p> <p>In 2010, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) replaced the 7-valent vaccine (introduced in 2006) for vaccination against invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs), pneumonia and acute otitis media (AOM) in the UK. Using recent evidence on the impact of PCVs and epidemiological changes in the UK, we performed a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) to compare the pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>) with PCV-13 in the ongoing national vaccination programme. CEA was based on a published Markov model. The base-case scenario accounted only for direct medical costs. Work days lost were considered in alternative scenarios. Calculations were based on serotype and disease-specific vaccine efficacies, serotype distributions and UK incidence rates and medical costs. Health benefits and costs related to IPD, pneumonia and AOM were accumulated over the lifetime of a UK birth cohort. Vaccination of infants at <span class="hlt">2</span>, 4 and 12 months with PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> or PCV-13, assuming complete coverage and adherence. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was computed <span class="hlt">by</span> dividing the difference in costs between the programmes <span class="hlt">by</span> the difference in quality-adjusted life-years (QALY). Under our model assumptions, both vaccines had a similar impact on IPD and pneumonia, but PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> generated a greater reduction in AOM cases (161 918), AOM-related general practitioner consultations (31 070) and tympanostomy tube placements (2399). At price parity, PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> vaccination was dominant over PCV-13, saving 734 QALYs as well as £3.68 million to the National Health Service (NHS). At the lower list price of PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>, the cost-savings would increase to £45.77 million. This model projected that PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> would provide both incremental health benefits and cost-savings compared with PCV-13 at price parity. Using PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> could result in substantial budget savings to the NHS. These savings could be used to implement other life-saving interventions</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24121807','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24121807"><span>Two aspartate residues at the putative p10 subunit of a type II metacaspase from Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L. may contribute to the substrate-binding pocket.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Acosta-Maspons, Alexis; Sepúlveda-García, Edgar; Sánchez-Baldoquín, Laura; Marrero-Gutiérrez, Junier; Pons, Tirso; Rocha-Sosa, Mario; González, Lien</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Metacaspases are cysteine proteases present in plants, fungi, prokaryotes, and early branching eukaryotes, although a detailed description of their cellular function remains unclear. Currently, three-dimensional (3D) structures are only available for two metacaspases: Trypanosoma brucei (MCA<span class="hlt">2</span>) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Yca1). Furthermore, metacaspases diverged from animal caspases of known structure, which limits straightforward homology-based interpretation of functional data. We report for the first time the identification and initial characterization of a metacaspase of Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L., NtMC1. <span class="hlt">By</span> combining domain search, multiple sequence alignment (MSA), and protein fold-recognition studies, we provide compelling evidences that NtMC1 is a plant metacaspase type II, and predict its 3D structure using the crystal structure of two type I metacaspases (MCA<span class="hlt">2</span> and Yca1) and Gsu0716 protein from Geobacter sulfurreducens as template. Analysis of the predicted 3D structure allows us to propose Asp353, at the putative p10 subunit, as a new member of the aspartic acid triad that coordinates the P1 arginine/lysine residue of the substrate. Nevertheless, site-directed mutagenesis and expression analysis in bacteria and Nicotiana benthamiana indicate the functionality of both Asp348 and Asp353. Through the co-expression of mutant and wild-type proteins <span class="hlt">by</span> transient expression in N. benthamiana leaves we found that polypeptide processing seems to be intramolecular. Our results provide the first evidence in plant metacaspases concerning the functionality of the putative p10 subunit.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983SPIE..384..109B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983SPIE..384..109B"><span>Stray Light Analyis With The HP-41C/<span class="hlt">CV</span> Calculator</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bamberg, Jack A.</p> <p>1983-10-01</p> <p>A stray radiation analysis program (nicknamed MINI-APART after its namesake: APART) suitable for use on the HP-41C/<span class="hlt">CV</span> calculator is described. The program is ideally suited for quick estimates of stray light performance in well-baffled optical systems, which are limited <span class="hlt">by</span> scatter from the first optical element. Critical path models are described, including single scatter, double scatter, diffraction-scatter, and thermal emission-scatter. Program use is illustrated, and several comparisons are made with the results obtained <span class="hlt">by</span> the large stray radiation programs, GUERAP-3 and APART/PADE.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19760006048','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19760006048"><span>NASA/ESA <span class="hlt">CV</span>-990 spacelab simulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1975-01-01</p> <p>Due to interest in the application of simplified techniques used to conduct airborne science missions at NASA's Ames Research Center, a joint NASA/ESA endeavor was established to conduct an extensive Spacelab simulation using the NASA <span class="hlt">CV</span>-990 airborne laboratory. The scientific payload was selected to perform studies in upper atmospheric physics and infrared astronomy with principal investigators from France, the Netherlands, England, and several groups from the United States. Communication links between the 'Spacelab' and a ground based mission operations center were limited consistent with Spacelab plans. The mission was successful and provided extensive data relevant to Spacelab objectives on overall management of a complex international payload; experiment preparation, testing, and integration; training for proxy operation in space; data handling; multiexperimenter use of common experimenter facilities (telescopes); multiexperiment operation <span class="hlt">by</span> experiment operators; selection criteria for Spacelab experiment operators; and schedule requirements to prepare for such a Spacelab mission.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24102245','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24102245"><span>Isoprene emission protects photosynthesis but reduces plant productivity during drought in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) plants.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ryan, Annette C; Hewitt, C Nicholas; Possell, Malcolm; Vickers, Claudia E; Purnell, Anna; Mullineaux, Philip M; Davies, William J; Dodd, Ian C</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Isoprene protects the photosynthetic apparatus of isoprene-emitting plants from oxidative stress. The role of isoprene in the response of plants to drought is less clear. Water was withheld from transgenic isoprene-emitting and non-emitting tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) plants, to examine: the response of isoprene emission to plant water deficit; a possible relationship between concentrations of the drought-induced phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and isoprene; and whether isoprene affected foliar reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels. Isoprene emission did not affect whole-plant water use, foliar ABA concentration or leaf water potential under water deficit. Compared with well-watered controls, droughted non-emitting plants significantly increased ROS content (31-46%) and lipid peroxidation (30-47%), concomitant with decreased operating and maximum efficiencies of photosystem II photochemistry and lower leaf and whole-plant water use efficiency (WUE). Droughted isoprene-emitting plants showed no increase in ROS content or lipid peroxidation relative to well-watered controls, despite isoprene emission decreasing before leaf wilting. Although isoprene emission protected the photosynthetic apparatus and enhanced leaf and whole-plant WUE, non-emitting plants had 8-24% more biomass under drought, implying that isoprene emission incurred a yield penalty. © 2013 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2013 New Phytologist Trust.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28371610','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28371610"><span>Short Exogenous Peptides Regulate Expression of CLE, KNOX1, and GRF Family Genes in Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fedoreyeva, L I; Dilovarova, T A; Ashapkin, V V; Martirosyan, Yu Ts; Khavinson, V Kh; Kharchenko, P N; Vanyushin, B F</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Exogenous short biologically active peptides epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly), bronchogen (Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu), and vilon (Lys-Glu) at concentrations 10 -7 -10 -9  M significantly influence growth, development, and differentiation of tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) callus cultures. Epitalon and bronchogen, in particular, both increase growth of calluses and stimulate formation and growth of leaves in plant regenerants. Because the regulatory activity of the short peptides appears at low peptide concentrations, their action to some extent is like that of the activity of phytohormones, and it seems to have signaling character and epigenetic nature. The investigated peptides modulate in tobacco cells the expression of genes including genes responsible for tissue formation and cell differentiation. These peptides differently modulate expression of CLE family genes coding for known endogenous regulatory peptides, the KNOX1 genes (transcription factor genes) and GRF (growth regulatory factor) genes coding for respective DNA-binding proteins such as topoisomerases, nucleases, and others. Thus, at the level of transcription, plants have a system of short peptide regulation of formation of long-known peptide regulators of growth and development. The peptides studied here may be related to a new generation of plant growth regulators. They can be used in the experimental botany, plant molecular biology, biotechnology, and practical agronomy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15672219','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15672219"><span>Pest and disease resistance enhanced <span class="hlt">by</span> heterologous suppression of a Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cytochrome P450 gene CYP72A<span class="hlt">2</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Smigocki, Ann C; Wilson, Dennis</p> <p>2004-12-01</p> <p>The functional role of the Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cytochrome P450 gene CYP72A<span class="hlt">2</span> was investigated in transgenic plants. N. <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> plants transformed with a sense or antisense CYP72A<span class="hlt">2</span> construct exhibited diminished heights, branched stems, smaller leaves and deformed flowers. Western blot analysis revealed reduced levels of a 58 kDa protein corresponding to CYP72A<span class="hlt">2</span>, suggesting that the CYP72A<span class="hlt">2</span> homolog was suppressed in the sense and antisense plants. Transgenic plants had increased resistance to Manduca sexta larvae that consumed about 35 to 90 less of transgenic versus control leaves. A virulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci induced a disease-limiting response followed <span class="hlt">by</span> a delayed and decreased development of disease symptoms in the transgenics. CYP72A<span class="hlt">2</span> gene mediated resistance suggests that the plant-pest or -pathogen interactions may have been modified <span class="hlt">by</span> changes in bioactive metabolite pools.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25799504','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25799504"><span>Functional characterization of a strong bi-directional constitutive plant promoter isolated from cotton leaf curl Burewala virus.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Khan, Zainul A; Abdin, Malik Z; Khan, Jawaid A</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus (CLCuBuV), belonging to the genus Begomovirus, possesses single-stranded monopartite DNA genome. The bidirectional promoters representing Rep and coat protein (CP) genes of CLCuBuV were characterized and their efficacy was assayed. Rep and CP promoters of CLCuBuV and 35S promoter of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) were fused with β-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter genes. GUS activity in individual plant cells driven <span class="hlt">by</span> Rep, CP and 35S promoters was estimated using real-time PCR and fluorometric GUS assay. Histochemical staining of GUS in transformed tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Xanthi) leaves showed highest expression driven <span class="hlt">by</span> Rep promoter followed <span class="hlt">by</span> 35S promoter and CP promoter. The expression level of GUS driven <span class="hlt">by</span> Rep promoter in transformed tobacco plants was shown to be two to four-fold higher than that of 35S promoter, while the expression <span class="hlt">by</span> CP promoter was slightly lower. Further, the expression of GFP was monitored in agroinfiltrated leaves of N. benthamiana, N. <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plants using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Rep promoter showed strong consistent transient expression in tobacco and cotton leaves as compared to 35S promoter. The strong constitutive CLCuBuV Rep promoter developed in this study could be very useful for high level expression of transgenes in a wide variety of plant cells.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19840064486&hterms=physical+chemistry&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dphysical%2Bchemistry','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19840064486&hterms=physical+chemistry&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dphysical%2Bchemistry"><span>The mineral chemistry and origin of inclusion matrix and meteorite matrix in the Allende <span class="hlt">CV</span>3 chondrite</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kornacki, A. S.; Wood, J. A.</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>The mineralogy and mineral chemistry of the inclusion and meteorite matrices in the Allende <span class="hlt">CV</span>3 chondrite are described, and the physical and chemical parameters of the conventional equilibrium condensation model of the origin of chondrite meteorites are evaluated. An alternative model of the origin of the mafic constituent of Allende inclusions is presented, on the basis of a new model of chondrule petrogenesis and the physical evolution of the primitive solar nebula. The model shows that the mineral chemistry of the olivine matrix in Allende <span class="hlt">CV</span>3 seems to preserve a good record of nebular and planetary processes, including: (1) vapor-to-solid condensation under relatively oxidizing nonequilibrium conditions; (<span class="hlt">2</span>) Fe/Mg equilibration in the meteorite parent body; and (3) recrystallization and incipient melting in the solar nebula.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28932252','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28932252"><span>Transient Expression of Lumbrokinase (PI239) in Tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) Using a Geminivirus-Based Single Replicon System Dissolves Fibrin and Blood Clots.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dickey, Alexia; Wang, Nan; Cooper, Edwin; Tull, Lauren; Breedlove, Drew; Mason, Hugh; Liu, Dehu; Wang, Kevin Yueju</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Lumbrokinases, a group of fibrinolytic enzymes extracted from earthworm, have been widely used to prevent and treat various cardiovascular diseases. They specifically target fibrin to effectively degrade thrombi without major side effects. Plant expression systems are becoming potential alternative expression platforms for producing pharmaceutical proteins. In this work, a lumbrokinase (PI239) was produced from a plant system. Both wild-type (WT) and plant codon-optimized (OP) PI239 gene sequences were synthesized and cloned into a geminivirus-based single-vector DNA replicon system. Both vectors were independently expressed in tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) leaves transiently <span class="hlt">by</span> agroinfiltration. Overexpressed PI239 resulted in sudden tissue necrosis 3 days after infiltration. Remaining proteins were purified through His-tag affinity chromatography and analyzed with SDS-PAGE and Western blot methods. Purified PI239 successfully degraded artificial fibrin with relative activity of 13,400 U/mg when compared with commercial lumbrokinase product. In vitro tests demonstrated that plant-derived PI239 dissolved human blood clots and that the plant expression system is capable of producing functional PI239.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015hst..prop14331D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015hst..prop14331D"><span>The first mass and angular momentum loss measurements for a <span class="hlt">CV</span>-like binary</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Drake, Jeremy</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>The period distribution of close binaries, cataclysmic variables, novae and single-degenerate SN1a progenitor candidates is largely controlled <span class="hlt">by</span> magnetically-driven mass and angular momentum loss (AML) from the M dwarf secondary. The mass loss rates for these spun-up stars remain essentially unknown and impossible to observe directly, with likely values in the range 1e-12 to 1e-15 Msun/yr. AML presciptions for CVs differ <span class="hlt">by</span> orders of magnitude. One way to measure the mass loss rate is to observe the dM wind accrete onto its WD companion in a pre-<span class="hlt">CV</span> very close to Roche Lobe overflow but lacking the obscuring complications and emission from an accretion disk. The measurement can be combined with realistic MHD models to understand the accretion fraction, the mass that escapes, and the AML. The best-studied nearby pre-<span class="hlt">CV</span> is QS Vir (48pc, P=3.6hr). However, its wind accretion rates measured from 1999 HST UV spectra of the WD metal absorption lines and 2006 XMM-Newton CCD spectroscopy differ <span class="hlt">by</span> a factor of a thousand, pointing to either a dominant CME stochastic component, or a magnetic switch found in MHD simulations and driven <span class="hlt">by</span> cyclic activity on the M dwarf. HST COS spectra combined with XMM-Newton monitoring on timescales from weeks to years will tease out CME vs cyclic accretion variations. UV and X-ray measurements will provide the first consistency check of both accretion rate measurement methods. MHD models tailored to the system will enable the first quasi-direct measurements of the mass loss and AML from a <span class="hlt">CV</span>-like binary. Our project requires 6 HST/COS orbits in Cycles 22-24, and 60ksec on XMM in Cycle 22</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014hst..prop13754D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014hst..prop13754D"><span>The first mass and angular momentum loss measurements for a <span class="hlt">CV</span>-like binary</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Drake, Jeremy</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>The period distribution of close binaries, cataclysmic variables, novae and single-degenerate SN1a progenitor candidates is largely controlled <span class="hlt">by</span> magnetically-driven mass and angular momentum loss (AML) from the M dwarf secondary. The mass loss rates for these spun-up stars remain essentially unknown and impossible to observe directly, with likely values in the range 1e-12 to 1e-15 Msun/yr. AML presciptions for CVs differ <span class="hlt">by</span> orders of magnitude. One way to measure the mass loss rate is to observe the dM wind accrete onto its WD companion in a pre-<span class="hlt">CV</span> very close to Roche Lobe overflow but lacking the obscuring complications and emission from an accretion disk. The measurement can be combined with realistic MHD models to understand the accretion fraction, the mass that escapes, and the AML. The best-studied nearby pre-<span class="hlt">CV</span> is QS Vir (48pc, P=3.6hr). However, its wind accretion rates measured from 1999 HST UV spectra of the WD metal absorption lines and 2006 XMM-Newton CCD spectroscopy differ <span class="hlt">by</span> a factor of a thousand, pointing to either a dominant CME stochastic component, or a "magnetic switch" found in MHD simulations and driven <span class="hlt">by</span> cyclic activity on the M dwarf. HST COS spectra combined with XMM-Newton monitoring on timescales from weeks to years will tease out CME vs cyclic accretion variations. UV and X-ray measurements will provide the first consistency check of both accretion rate measurement methods. MHD models tailored to the system will enable the first quasi-direct measurements of the mass loss and AML from a <span class="hlt">CV</span>-like binary. Our project requires 6 HST/COS orbits in Cycles 22-24, and 60ksec on XMM in Cycle 22</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016hst..prop14702D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016hst..prop14702D"><span>The first mass and angular momentum loss measurements for a <span class="hlt">CV</span>-like binary</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Drake, Jeremy</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>The period distribution of close binaries, cataclysmic variables, novae and single-degenerate SN1a progenitor candidates is largely controlled <span class="hlt">by</span> magnetically-driven mass and angular momentum loss (AML) from the M dwarf secondary. The mass loss rates for these spun-up stars remain essentially unknown and impossible to observe directly, with likely values in the range 1e-12 to 1e-15 Msun/yr. AML presciptions for CVs differ <span class="hlt">by</span> orders of magnitude. One way to measure the mass loss rate is to observe the dM wind accrete onto its WD companion in a pre-<span class="hlt">CV</span> very close to Roche Lobe overflow but lacking the obscuring complications and emission from an accretion disk. The measurement can be combined with realistic MHD models to understand the accretion fraction, the mass that escapes, and the AML. The best-studied nearby pre-<span class="hlt">CV</span> is QS Vir (48pc, P=3.6hr). However, its wind accretion rates measured from 1999 HST UV spectra of the WD metal absorption lines and 2006 XMM-Newton CCD spectroscopy differ <span class="hlt">by</span> a factor of a thousand, pointing to either a dominant CME stochastic component, or a magnetic switch found in MHD simulations and driven <span class="hlt">by</span> cyclic activity on the M dwarf. HST COS spectra combined with XMM-Newton monitoring on timescales from weeks to years will tease out CME vs cyclic accretion variations. UV and X-ray measurements will provide the first consistency check of both accretion rate measurement methods. MHD models tailored to the system will enable the first quasi-direct measurements of the mass loss and AML from a <span class="hlt">CV</span>-like binary. Our project requires 6 HST/COS orbits in Cycles 22-24, and 60ksec on XMM in Cycle 22</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1080996','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1080996"><span>Activity and Accumulation of Cell Division-Promoting Phenolics in Tobacco Tissue Cultures 1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Teutonico, Rita A.; Dudley, Matthew W.; Orr, John D.; Lynn, David G.; Binns, Andrew N.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>Dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucosides (DCGs) are derivatives of the phenylpropanoid pathway that have been isolated from Catharansus roseus L. (Vinca rosea) crown gall tumors. Fractions containing purified DCGs have been shown previously to promote the growth of cytokinin-requiring tissues of tobacco in the absence of exogenous cytokinins. In this study, we utilized synthetic DCG isomers to confirm the cell division-promoting activity of DCG isomers A and B and show that they neither promote shoot meristem initiation on Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L., <span class="hlt">cv</span> Havana 425, leaf explants nor induce betacyanin synthesis in amaranth seedlings. Analysis of cultured tobacco pith tissue demonstrated that DCG accumulation was stimulated <span class="hlt">by</span> cytokinin treatment and correlated with cytokinin-induced cell division. Thus, the accumulation of metabolites that could replace cytokinin in cell division bioassays is stimulated <span class="hlt">by</span> cytokinins. These data support the model that DCGs are a component of a cytokinin-mediated regulatory circuit controlling cell division. ImagesFigure <span class="hlt">2</span> PMID:16668384</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17965214','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17965214"><span>Anaerobic 1-alkene metabolism <span class="hlt">by</span> the alkane- and alkene-degrading sulfate reducer Desulfatibacillum aliphaticivorans strain <span class="hlt">CV</span>2803T.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Grossi, Vincent; Cravo-Laureau, Cristiana; Méou, Alain; Raphel, Danielle; Garzino, Frédéric; Hirschler-Réa, Agnès</p> <p>2007-12-01</p> <p>The alkane- and alkene-degrading, marine sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfatibacillum aliphaticivorans strain <span class="hlt">CV</span>2803(T), known to oxidize n-alkanes anaerobically <span class="hlt">by</span> fumarate addition at C-<span class="hlt">2</span>, was investigated for its 1-alkene metabolism. The total cellular fatty acids of this strain were predominantly C-(even number) (C-even) when it was grown on C-even 1-alkenes and predominantly C-(odd number) (C-odd) when it was grown on C-odd 1-alkenes. Detailed analyses of those fatty acids <span class="hlt">by</span> gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after 6- to 10-week incubations allowed the identification of saturated <span class="hlt">2</span>- and 4-ethyl-, <span class="hlt">2</span>- and 4-methyl-, and monounsaturated 4-methyl-branched fatty acids with chain lengths that correlated with those of the 1-alkene. The growth of D. aliphaticivorans on (per)deuterated 1-alkenes provided direct evidence of the anaerobic transformation of these alkenes into the corresponding 1-alcohols and into linear as well as 10- and 4-methyl-branched fatty acids. Experiments performed with [(13)C]bicarbonate indicated that the initial activation of 1-alkene <span class="hlt">by</span> the addition of inorganic carbon does not occur. These results demonstrate that D. aliphaticivorans metabolizes 1-alkene <span class="hlt">by</span> the oxidation of the double bond at C-1 and <span class="hlt">by</span> the subterminal addition of organic carbon at both ends of the molecule [C-<span class="hlt">2</span> and C-(omega-1)]. The detection of ethyl-branched fatty acids from unlabeled 1-alkenes further suggests that carbon addition also occurs at C-3. Alkylsuccinates were not observed as potential initial intermediates in alkene metabolism. Based on our observations, the first pathways for anaerobic 1-alkene metabolism in an anaerobic bacterium are proposed. Those pathways indicate that diverse initial reactions of 1-alkene activation can occur simultaneously in the same strain of sulfate-reducing bacterium.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2168147','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2168147"><span>Anaerobic 1-Alkene Metabolism <span class="hlt">by</span> the Alkane- and Alkene-Degrading Sulfate Reducer Desulfatibacillum aliphaticivorans Strain <span class="hlt">CV</span>2803T▿</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Grossi, Vincent; Cravo-Laureau, Cristiana; Méou, Alain; Raphel, Danielle; Garzino, Frédéric; Hirschler-Réa, Agnès</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>The alkane- and alkene-degrading, marine sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfatibacillum aliphaticivorans strain <span class="hlt">CV</span>2803T, known to oxidize n-alkanes anaerobically <span class="hlt">by</span> fumarate addition at C-<span class="hlt">2</span>, was investigated for its 1-alkene metabolism. The total cellular fatty acids of this strain were predominantly C-(even number) (C-even) when it was grown on C-even 1-alkenes and predominantly C-(odd number) (C-odd) when it was grown on C-odd 1-alkenes. Detailed analyses of those fatty acids <span class="hlt">by</span> gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after 6- to 10-week incubations allowed the identification of saturated <span class="hlt">2</span>- and 4-ethyl-, <span class="hlt">2</span>- and 4-methyl-, and monounsaturated 4-methyl-branched fatty acids with chain lengths that correlated with those of the 1-alkene. The growth of D. aliphaticivorans on (per)deuterated 1-alkenes provided direct evidence of the anaerobic transformation of these alkenes into the corresponding 1-alcohols and into linear as well as 10- and 4-methyl-branched fatty acids. Experiments performed with [13C]bicarbonate indicated that the initial activation of 1-alkene <span class="hlt">by</span> the addition of inorganic carbon does not occur. These results demonstrate that D. aliphaticivorans metabolizes 1-alkene <span class="hlt">by</span> the oxidation of the double bond at C-1 and <span class="hlt">by</span> the subterminal addition of organic carbon at both ends of the molecule [C-<span class="hlt">2</span> and C-(ω-1)]. The detection of ethyl-branched fatty acids from unlabeled 1-alkenes further suggests that carbon addition also occurs at C-3. Alkylsuccinates were not observed as potential initial intermediates in alkene metabolism. Based on our observations, the first pathways for anaerobic 1-alkene metabolism in an anaerobic bacterium are proposed. Those pathways indicate that diverse initial reactions of 1-alkene activation can occur simultaneously in the same strain of sulfate-reducing bacterium. PMID:17965214</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2946276','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2946276"><span>Determinants and prognostic implications of Cardiac Troponin T measured <span class="hlt">by</span> a sensitive assay in Type <span class="hlt">2</span> Diabetes Mellitus</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Background The cardiac troponins are biomarkers used for diagnosis of myocardial injury. They are also powerful prognostic markers in many diseases and settings. Recently introduced high-sensitivity assays indicate that chronic cardiac troponin elevations are common in response to cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) morbidity. Type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes mellitus (T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM) confers a high risk of <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease, but little is known about chronic cardiac troponin elevations in diabetic subjects. Accordingly, we aimed to understand the prevalence, determinants, and prognostic implications of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) elevations measured with a high-sensitivity assay in patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM. Methods cTnT was measured in stored, frozen serum samples from 124 subjects enrolled in the Asker and Bærum Cardiovascular Diabetes trial at baseline and at <span class="hlt">2</span>-year follow-up, if availabe (96 samples available). Results were analyzed in relation to baseline variables, hospitalizations, and group assignment (multifactorial intensive versus conventional diabetes care for lowering <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk). Results One-hundred thirteen (90 %) had detectable cTnT at baseline and of those, 22 (18 % of the total population) subjects had values above the 99th percentile for healthy controls (13.5 ng/L). Levels at baseline were associated with conventional <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk factors (age, renal function, gender). There was a strong correlation between cTnT levels at the two time-points (r = 0.92, p > 0.001). Risk for hospitalizations during follow-up increased step-wise <span class="hlt">by</span> quartiles of hscTnT measured at baseline (p = 0.058). Conclusions Elevations of cTnT above the 99th percentile measured <span class="hlt">by</span> a highly sensitive assay were encountered frequently in a population of T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM patients. cTnT levels appeared to be stable over time and associated with conventional <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk factors. Although a clear trend was present, no statistically robust associations with adverse outcomes could be found. PMID:20843304</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040141873&hterms=pollen&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dpollen','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040141873&hterms=pollen&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dpollen"><span>Developmental regulation of the gene for chimeric calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in anthers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Poovaiah, B. W.; Xia, M.; Liu, Z.; Wang, W.; Yang, T.; Sathyanarayanan, P. V.; Franceschi, V. R.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>Chimeric Ca(<span class="hlt">2</span>+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) was cloned from developing anthers of lily (Lilium longiflorum Thumb. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Nellie White) and tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Xanthi). Previous biochemical characterization and structure/function studies had revealed that CCaMK has dual modes of regulation <span class="hlt">by</span> Ca(<span class="hlt">2</span>+) and Ca(<span class="hlt">2</span>+)/calmodulin. The unique structural features of CCaMK include a catalytic domain, a calmodulin-binding domain, and a neural visinin-like Ca(<span class="hlt">2</span>+)-binding domain. The existence of these three features in a single polypeptide distinguishes it from other kinases. Western analysis revealed that CCaMK is expressed in a stage-specific manner in developing anthers. Expression of CCaMK was first detected in pollen mother cells and continued to increase, reaching a peak around the tetrad stage of meiosis. Following microsporogenesis, CCaMK expression rapidly decreased and at later stages of microspore development, no expression was detected. A tobacco genomic clone of CCaMK was isolated and transgenic tobacco plants were produced carrying the CCaMK promoter fused to the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene. Both CCaMK mRNA and protein were detected in the pollen sac and their localizations were restricted to the pollen mother cells and tapetal cells. Consistent results showing a stage-specific expression pattern were obtained <span class="hlt">by</span> beta-glucuronidase analysis, in-situ hybridization and immunolocalization. The stage- and tissue-specific appearance of CCaMK in anthers suggests that it could play a role in sensing transient changes in free Ca(<span class="hlt">2</span>+) concentration in target cells, thereby controlling developmental events in the anther.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE10031E..5FO','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE10031E..5FO"><span>Real-time detecting and tracking ball with Open<span class="hlt">CV</span> and Kinect</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Osiecki, Tomasz; Jankowski, Stanislaw</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>This paper presents a way to detect and track ball with using the Open<span class="hlt">CV</span> and Kinect. Object and people recognition, tracking are more and more popular topics nowadays. Described solution makes it possible to detect ball based on the range, which is set <span class="hlt">by</span> the user and capture information about ball position in three dimensions. It can be store in the computer and use for example to display trajectory of the ball.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5905845','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5905845"><span>Cardiovascular effects of sodium glucose cotransporter <span class="hlt">2</span> inhibitors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Cavaiola, Tricia Santos; Pettus, Jeremy</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>As the first cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) outcome trial of a glucose-lowering agent to demonstrate a reduction in the risk of <span class="hlt">CV</span> events in patients with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes mellitus (T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM), the EMPAgliflozin Removal of Excess Glucose: Cardiovascular OUTCOME Event Trial in Type <span class="hlt">2</span> Diabetes Mellitus Patients (EMPA-REG OUTCOME®) trial, which investigated the sodium glucose cotransporter <span class="hlt">2</span> (SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span>) inhibitor empagliflozin, has generated great interest among health care professionals. <span class="hlt">CV</span> outcomes data for another SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span> inhibitor, canagliflozin, have been published recently in the CANagliflozin CardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS) Program, as have <span class="hlt">CV</span> data from the retrospective real-world study Comparative Effectiveness of Cardiovascular Outcomes in New Users of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-<span class="hlt">2</span> Inhibitors (CVD-REAL), which compared SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span> inhibitors with other classes of glucose-lowering drugs. This review discusses the results of these three studies and, with a focus on EMPA-REG OUTCOME, examines the possible mechanisms <span class="hlt">by</span> which SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span> inhibitors may reduce <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk in patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM. PMID:29695924</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29695924','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29695924"><span>Cardiovascular effects of sodium glucose cotransporter <span class="hlt">2</span> inhibitors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cavaiola, Tricia Santos; Pettus, Jeremy</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>As the first cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) outcome trial of a glucose-lowering agent to demonstrate a reduction in the risk of <span class="hlt">CV</span> events in patients with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes mellitus (T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM), the EMPAgliflozin Removal of Excess Glucose: Cardiovascular OUTCOME Event Trial in Type <span class="hlt">2</span> Diabetes Mellitus Patients (EMPA-REG OUTCOME ® ) trial, which investigated the sodium glucose cotransporter <span class="hlt">2</span> (SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span>) inhibitor empagliflozin, has generated great interest among health care professionals. <span class="hlt">CV</span> outcomes data for another SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span> inhibitor, canagliflozin, have been published recently in the CANagliflozin CardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS) Program, as have <span class="hlt">CV</span> data from the retrospective real-world study Comparative Effectiveness of Cardiovascular Outcomes in New Users of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-<span class="hlt">2</span> Inhibitors (CVD-REAL), which compared SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span> inhibitors with other classes of glucose-lowering drugs. This review discusses the results of these three studies and, with a focus on EMPA-REG OUTCOME, examines the possible mechanisms <span class="hlt">by</span> which SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span> inhibitors may reduce <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk in patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21401618','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21401618"><span>Impact of mitochondrial alternative oxidase expression on the response of Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> to cold temperature.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Jia; Rajakulendran, Nirusan; Amirsadeghi, Sasan; Vanlerberghe, Greg C</p> <p>2011-08-01</p> <p>The plant mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) includes a non-energy conserving alternative oxidase (AOX) thought to dampen reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation <span class="hlt">by</span> the ETC and/or facilitate carbon metabolism <span class="hlt">by</span> uncoupling it from ATP turnover. When wild-type (WT) Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> grown at 28°C/22°C (light/dark) were transferred to 12°C/5°C, they showed a large induction of leaf Aox1a mRNA and AOX protein within 24 h. Transfer to cold also resulted in a large accumulation of monosaccharides, an increase in transcript level of genes encoding important ROS-scavenging enzymes and a moderate increase in lipid peroxidation. Transgenic plants with suppressed AOX level showed less cold-induced sugar accumulation than WT while transgenic plants with enhanced AOX levels showed enhanced sugar accumulation. This is inconsistent with the hypothesis that AOX acts to burn excess carbohydrate, but rather suggests a role for AOX to aid sugar accumulation, at least during cold stress. At 28°C/22°C, plants with suppressed AOX had elevated levels of lipid peroxidation compared with WT, while plants with enhanced AOX had reduced lipid peroxidation. This is consistent with the hypothesis that AOX dampens ROS generation and oxidative damage. However, this inverse relationship between AOX level and lipid peroxidation did not hold upon shift to cold. Under this stress condition, plants with strong suppression of AOX show enhanced induction of ROS-scavenging enzymes compared with WT and decline in lipid peroxidation. These data suggest that, under stress conditions, the lack of AOX enhances a mitochondrial stress-signaling pathway able to increase the ROS-scavenging capacity of the cell. Copyright © Physiologia Plantarum 2011.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24261301','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24261301"><span>[Effect of preconditioning of thermopaste application at Shenque (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 8) on stretch reflex induced <span class="hlt">by</span> procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids in patients with hemorrhoids].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Jun; Wen, Yong; Yue, Chao-Chi; Li, Ya-Ling</p> <p>2013-08-01</p> <p>To observe clinical effect, feasibility and security of preconditioning of thermopaste application at Shenque (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 8) for relieving stretch reflex induced <span class="hlt">by</span> procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH). A total of 100 cases of mixed hemorrhoids (stage III and IV) patients were randomized into 1.0 h, 0.5 h, 0 h and control (no application) groups (n = 25 in each group) according to a random number table. Thermopaste was applied to Shenque (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 8) 1.0 h and 0.5 h before PPH or conducted simultaneously with PPH. The mean arterial pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation of patients before and after anastomose operation, and the incidence of adverse reactions within 24 hours after the procedure were monitored and recorded. The patient's pain degree was assessed <span class="hlt">by</span> using visual analogue scale. After the preconditioning, of the 25 patients in the 0.5 h group (0.5 h G), 14 experienced marked improvement (in the stretch reflex during PPH), 10 had an improvement, and 1 was invalid, respectively. The markedly effective rate and the total effective rate were 56% and 96%, respectively. The therapeutic effects for inhibiting stretch reflect being from the better to the poorer were 0.5 h G > 1.0 h G > 0 h G >NG. The heart rate and blood pressure from more stable to lesser stable were 0.5 h G> 1.0 h G > 0 h G > NG. The patients' pain reaction during operation and their adverse effects of nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention and abdominal pain, etc. occurred during operation also presented the same tendency in the 4 groups. Thermopaste application to Shenque (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 8) can effectively prevent and control visceral reflex in patients undergoing PPH, which effect is significantly better when conducted 0.5 hour before the operation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23898552','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23898552"><span>Biochemical markers assisted screening of Fusarium wilt resistant Musa paradisiaca (L.) <span class="hlt">cv</span>. puttabale micropropagated clones.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Venkatesh; Krishna, V; Kumar, K Girish; Pradeepa, K; Kumar, S R Santosh; Kumar, R Shashi</p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>An efficient protocol was standardized for screening of panama wilt resistant Musa paradisiaca <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Puttabale clones, an endemic cultivar of Karnataka, India. The synergistic effect of 6-benzyleaminopurine (<span class="hlt">2</span> to 6 mg/L) and thidiazuron (0.1 to 0.5 mg/L) on MS medium provoked multiple shoot induction from the excised meristem. An average of 30.10 +/- 5.95 shoots was produced per propagule at 4 mg/L 6-benzyleaminopurine and 0.3 mg/L thidiazuron concentrations. Elongation of shoots observed on 5 mg/L BAP augmented medium with a mean length of 8.38 +/- 0.30 shoots per propagule. For screening of disease resistant clones, multiple shoot buds were mutated with 0.4% ethyl-methane-sulfonate and cultured on MS medium supplemented with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC) culture filtrate (5-15%). Two month old co-cultivated secondary hardened plants were used for screening of disease resistance against FOC <span class="hlt">by</span> the determination of biochemical markers such as total phenol, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, oxidative enzymes like peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase and PR-proteins like chitinase, beta-1-3 glucanase activities. The mutated clones of M. paradisiaca <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Puttabale cultured on FOC culture filtrate showed significant increase in the levels of biochemical markers as an indicative of acquiring disease resistant characteristics to FOC wilt.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21500071','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21500071"><span>The determination of mercury in mushrooms <span class="hlt">by</span> <span class="hlt">CV</span>-AAS and ICP-AES techniques.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jarzynska, Grazyna; Falandysz, Jerzy</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>This research presents an example of an excellent applied study on analytical problems due to hazardous mercury determination in environmental materials and validity of published results on content of this element in wild growing mushrooms. The total mercury content has been analyzed in a several species of wild-grown mushrooms and some herbal origin certified reference materials, using two analytical methods. One method was commonly known and well validated the cold-vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy (<span class="hlt">CV</span>-AAS) after a direct sample pyrolysis coupled to the gold wool trap, which was a reference method. A second method was a procedure that involved a final mercury measurement using the inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) at λ 194.163 nm, which was used <span class="hlt">by</span> some authors to report on a high mercury content of a large sets of wild-grown mushrooms. We found that the method using the ICP-AES at λ 194.163 nm gave inaccurate and imprecise results. The results of this study imply that because of unsuitability of total mercury determination using the ICP-AES at λ 194.163 nm, the reports on great concentrations of this metal in a large sets of wild-grown mushrooms, when examined using this method, have to be studied with caution, since data are highly biased.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2592913','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2592913"><span>Long-Term Fungal Inhibitory Activity of Water-Soluble Extracts of Phaseolus vulgaris <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Pinto and Sourdough Lactic Acid Bacteria during Bread Storage▿</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Coda, Rossana; Rizzello, Carlo G.; Nigro, Franco; De Angelis, Maria; Arnault, Philip; Gobbetti, Marco</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>The antifungal activity of proteinaceous compounds from different food matrices was investigated. In initial experiments, water-soluble extracts of wheat sourdoughs, cheeses, and vegetables were screened <span class="hlt">by</span> agar diffusion assays with Penicillium roqueforti DPPMAF1 as the indicator fungus. Water-soluble extracts of sourdough fermented with Lactobacillus brevis AM7 and Phaseolus vulgaris <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Pinto were selected for further study. The crude water-soluble extracts of L. brevis AM7 sourdough and P. vulgaris <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Pinto had a MIC of 40 mg of peptide/ml and 30.9 mg of protein/ml, respectively. MICs were markedly lower when chemically synthesized peptides or partially purified protein fractions were used. The water-soluble extract of P. vulgaris <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Pinto showed inhibition toward a large number of fungal species isolated from bakeries. Phaseolin alpha-type precursor, phaseolin, and erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin precursor were identified in the water-soluble extract of P. vulgaris <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Pinto <span class="hlt">by</span> nano liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. When the antifungal activity was assayed <span class="hlt">by</span> sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, all three proteins were inhibitory. A mixture of eight peptides was identified from the water-soluble extract of sourdough L. brevis AM7, and five of these exhibited inhibitory activity. Bread was made at the pilot plant scale <span class="hlt">by</span> sourdough fermentation with L. brevis AM7 and addition of the water-soluble extract (27%, vol/wt; 5 mg of protein/ml) of P. vulgaris <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Pinto. Slices of bread packed in polyethylene bags did not show contamination <span class="hlt">by</span> fungi until at least 21 days of storage at room temperature, a level of protection comparable to that afforded <span class="hlt">by</span> 0.3% (wt/wt) calcium propionate. PMID:18849463</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18849463','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18849463"><span>Long-term fungal inhibitory activity of water-soluble extracts of Phaseolus vulgaris <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Pinto and sourdough lactic acid bacteria during bread storage.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Coda, Rossana; Rizzello, Carlo G; Nigro, Franco; De Angelis, Maria; Arnault, Philip; Gobbetti, Marco</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>The antifungal activity of proteinaceous compounds from different food matrices was investigated. In initial experiments, water-soluble extracts of wheat sourdoughs, cheeses, and vegetables were screened <span class="hlt">by</span> agar diffusion assays with Penicillium roqueforti DPPMAF1 as the indicator fungus. Water-soluble extracts of sourdough fermented with Lactobacillus brevis AM7 and Phaseolus vulgaris <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Pinto were selected for further study. The crude water-soluble extracts of L. brevis AM7 sourdough and P. vulgaris <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Pinto had a MIC of 40 mg of peptide/ml and 30.9 mg of protein/ml, respectively. MICs were markedly lower when chemically synthesized peptides or partially purified protein fractions were used. The water-soluble extract of P. vulgaris <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Pinto showed inhibition toward a large number of fungal species isolated from bakeries. Phaseolin alpha-type precursor, phaseolin, and erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin precursor were identified in the water-soluble extract of P. vulgaris <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Pinto <span class="hlt">by</span> nano liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. When the antifungal activity was assayed <span class="hlt">by</span> sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, all three proteins were inhibitory. A mixture of eight peptides was identified from the water-soluble extract of sourdough L. brevis AM7, and five of these exhibited inhibitory activity. Bread was made at the pilot plant scale <span class="hlt">by</span> sourdough fermentation with L. brevis AM7 and addition of the water-soluble extract (27%, vol/wt; 5 mg of protein/ml) of P. vulgaris <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Pinto. Slices of bread packed in polyethylene bags did not show contamination <span class="hlt">by</span> fungi until at least 21 days of storage at room temperature, a level of protection comparable to that afforded <span class="hlt">by</span> 0.3% (wt/wt) calcium propionate.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/380353','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/380353"><span>The photosynthetic and stomatal response of Medicago sativa <span class="hlt">cv</span>. saranac to free-air CO{sub <span class="hlt">2</span>} enrichment (F.A.C.E.) and nitrogen</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Bridson, N.P.</p> <p>1996-08-01</p> <p>Plots of Medicago sativa <span class="hlt">cv</span>. saranac were grown in the field at ambient (355 {mu}mol CO{sub <span class="hlt">2</span>} mol{sup -1} air) or elevated (600{mu}mol CO{sub <span class="hlt">2</span>} mol{sup -1} air) CO{sub <span class="hlt">2</span>} concentrations. High (200kg yr{sup -1}) or low (20kg yr{sup -1}) nitrogen levels were applied to two isogeneic lines, one able and one unable to use nitrogen fixing bacteria. Plants were in the second year of field growth. Exposure to elevated CO{sub <span class="hlt">2</span>} was via a Free-Air CO{sub <span class="hlt">2</span>} Enrichment System (FACE). Elevated CO{sub <span class="hlt">2</span>} increased diurnal assimilation <span class="hlt">by</span> between 12% and 92%. Analysis of A/C{sub i} responses showed that effectivemore » nitrogen fertilisation was more important to rubisCO and RuBP activity than elevated CO{sub <span class="hlt">2</span>}. No acclimation was consistently observed. Leaves lower down the canopy were found to have lower Vc{sub max} and J{sub max} values, though age may be the cause of the latter effect. FACE conditions have only a small effect on these responses. There was some evidence found for the down-regulation of photosynthesis in the late afternoon. The FACE conditions had no affect on stomatal density but did increase epidermal cell density.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3024989','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3024989"><span>Glutathione Transferase from Trichoderma virens Enhances Cadmium Tolerance without Enhancing Its Accumulation in Transgenic Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Dixit, Prachy; Mukherjee, Prasun K.; Ramachandran, V.; Eapen, Susan</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Background Cadmium (Cd) is a major heavy metal pollutant which is highly toxic to plants and animals. Vast agricultural areas worldwide are contaminated with Cd. Plants take up Cd and through the food chain it reaches humans and causes toxicity. It is ideal to develop plants tolerant to Cd, without enhanced accumulation in the edible parts for human consumption. Glutathione transferases (GST) are a family of multifunctional enzymes known to have important roles in combating oxidative stresses induced <span class="hlt">by</span> various heavy metals including Cd. Some GSTs are also known to function as glutathione peroxidases. Overexpression/heterologous expression of GSTs is expected to result in plants tolerant to heavy metals such as Cd. Results Here, we report cloning of a glutathione transferase gene from Trichoderma virens, a biocontrol fungus and introducing it into Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> plants <span class="hlt">by</span> Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. Transgenic nature of the plants was confirmed <span class="hlt">by</span> Southern blot hybridization and expression <span class="hlt">by</span> reverse transcription PCR. Transgene (TvGST) showed single gene Mendelian inheritance. When transgenic plants expressing TvGST gene were exposed to different concentrations of Cd, they were found to be more tolerant compared to wild type plants, with transgenic plants showing lower levels of lipid peroxidation. Levels of different antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione transferase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guiacol peroxidase and catalase showed enhanced levels in transgenic plants expressing TvGST compared to control plants, when exposed to Cd. Cadmium accumulation in the plant biomass in transgenic plants were similar or lower than wild-type plants. Conclusion The results of the present study suggest that transgenic tobacco plants expressing a Trichoderma virens GST are more tolerant to Cd, without enhancing its accumulation in the plant biomass. It should be possible to extend the present results to crop plants for developing Cd tolerance and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20080012136&hterms=CER&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DCER','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20080012136&hterms=CER&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DCER"><span>CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)</p> <p></p> <p>The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed <span class="hlt">2</span>.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from <span class="hlt">2</span>.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to <span class="hlt">2</span>.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES4_Terra-FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES4_PFM+FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span> CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span> CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span> CER_ES4_Terra-FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span>. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-03-29] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=<span class="hlt">2</span>.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=<span class="hlt">2</span>.5 degree; Horizontal</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26209936','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26209936"><span>Cytotoxic diterpenoids from Jatropha curcas <span class="hlt">cv</span>. nigroviensrugosus CY Yang Roots.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, JieQing; Yang, YuanFeng; Xia, JianJun; Li, XuYang; Li, ZhongRong; Zhou, Lin; Qiu, MingHua</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p>An investigation of phytochemicals from the roots of Jatropha curcas <span class="hlt">cv</span>. nigroviensrugosus resulted in the isolation of twenty diterpenoids, including lathyranlactone, an unusual diterpenoid lactone possessing a 5/13/3 tricyclic skeleton, jatrocurcasenones A-E and jatrophodiones B-E, as well as 10 known analogues. All isolates were evaluated for cytotoxicity against the HL-60, SMMC-772, A-549, MCF-7 and SW480 human tumor cell lines using the MTS viability assay. Four of the known analogues showed cytotoxic activity in these cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from <span class="hlt">2</span>.0 to 23.0 μM. Moreover, the assessment of their cytotoxic structure-activity relationships showed the epoxy ring between C-5 and C-6 and the hydroxyl group at C-<span class="hlt">2</span> were the key functionalities for cytotoxicity. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16436433','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16436433"><span>Production and properties of the native Chromobacterium violaceum fucose-binding lectin (<span class="hlt">CV</span>-IIL) compared to homologous lectins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA-IIL) and Ralstonia solanacearum (RS-IIL).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zinger-Yosovich, Keren; Sudakevitz, Dvora; Imberty, Anne; Garber, Nachman C; Gilboa-Garber, Nechama</p> <p>2006-02-01</p> <p>Chromobacterium violaceum is a versatile, violet pigment (violacein)-producing beta-proteobacterium, confined to tropical and subtropical regions, dwelling in soil and water, like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Ralstonia solanacearum. These three bacteria are saprophytes that occasionally become aggressive opportunistic pathogens virulently attacking animals (the first two) and plants (the third). The recent availability of their genome sequences enabled identification in the C. violaceum genome of an ORF (locus no. 1744) that is similar to those of P. aeruginosa and R. solanacearum lectins, PA-IIL and RS-IIL, respectively. A recombinant protein, <span class="hlt">CV</span>-IIL, encoded <span class="hlt">by</span> that ORF exhibited fucose>mannose-specific lectin activity resembling PA-IIL. This paper describes production and properties of the native <span class="hlt">CV</span>-IIL, which, like PA-IIL and RS-IIL, is probably also a quorum-sensing-driven secondary metabolite, appearing concomitantly with violacein. Its formation is repressed in the <span class="hlt">CV</span>026 mutant of C. violaceum, which lacks endogenous N-acylhomoserine lactone. The upstream extragenic sequence of its ORF contains a 20 bp sequence (5'-101-120) with partial similarities to the luxI-box and the related P. aeruginosa and R. solanacearum promoter boxes of quorum-sensing-controlled genes. The lectin level is augmented <span class="hlt">by</span> addition of trehalose to the medium. The subunit size of <span class="hlt">CV</span>-IIL (around 11.86 kDa) is similar to those of PA-IIL (11.73 kDa) and RS-IIL (11.60 kDa). Like PA-IIL, in the tetrameric form <span class="hlt">CV</span>-IIL preferentially agglutinates alpha1-<span class="hlt">2</span> fucosylated H-positive human erythrocytes (regardless of their A, B or O type), as opposed to the O(h) Bombay type, but differs from it in having no interaction with rabbit erythrocytes and in displaying stronger affinity to l-galactose than to l-fucose. The greater similarity of <span class="hlt">CV</span>-IIL to PA-IIL than to RS-IIL might be related to the selective adaptation of both C. violaceum and P. aeruginosa to animal tissues versus the preferential homing</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29080426','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29080426"><span>Overexpression of an aquaglyceroporin gene from Trichoderma harzianum improves water-use efficiency and drought tolerance in Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Vieira, Pabline Marinho; Santos, Mirella Pupo; Andrade, Cristiana Moura; Souza-Neto, Otacílio Antônio; Ulhoa, Cirano José; Aragão, Francisco José Lima</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Aquaporins (AQPs) and aquaglyceroporins (AQGPs) are integral membrane proteins that mediate the transport of water and solutes, such as glycerol and urea, across membranes. AQP and AQGP genes represent a valuable tool for biotechnological improvement of plant tolerance to environmental stresses. We previously isolated a gene encoding for an aquaglyceroporin (ThAQGP), which was up-regulated in Trichoderma harzianum during interaction with the plant pathogen Fusarium solani. This gene was introduced into Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> and plants were physiologically characterized. Under favorable growth conditions, transgenic progenies did not had differences in both germination and growth rates when compared to wild type. However, physiological responses under drought stress revealed that transgenic plants presented significantly higher transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic efficiency and faster turgor recovery than wild type. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated the presence of ThAQGP transcripts in transgenic lines, showing the cause-effect relationship between the observed phenotype and the expression of the transgene. Our results underscore the high potential of T. harzianum as a source of genes with promising applications in transgenic plants tolerant to drought stress. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27914810','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27914810"><span>Transcriptome analysis of resistant and susceptible tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) in response to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infection.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xing, Xuexia; Li, Xiaohui; Zhang, Mingzhen; Wang, Yuan; Liu, Bingyang; Xi, Qiliang; Zhao, Ke; Wu, Yunjie; Yang, Tiezhao</p> <p>2017-01-22</p> <p>The root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita reproduces on the roots of tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>), damaging crops, reducing crop yield, and causing economic losses annually. The development of resistant genotypes is an alternative strategy to effectively control these losses. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for host pathogenesis and defense responses in tobacco specifically against RKNs remain poorly understood. Here, root transcriptome analysis of resistant (Yuyan12) and susceptible (Changbohuang) tobacco varieties infected with RKNs was performed. Moreover, 2623 and 545 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RKN-infected roots were observed in Yuyan12 and Changbohuang, respectively, compared to those in non-infected roots, including 289 DEGs commonly expressed in the two genotypes. Among these DEGs, genes encoding cell wall modifying proteins, auxin-related proteins, the ROS scavenging system, and transcription factors involved in various biological and physiochemical processes were significantly expressed in both the resistant and susceptible genotypes. This work is thus the first report on the relationships in the RKN-tobacco interaction using transcriptome analysis, and the results provide important information on the mechanism of RKN resistance in tobacco. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28269261','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28269261"><span>Vibro<span class="hlt">CV</span>: a computer vision-based vibroarthrography platform with possible application to Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wiens, Andrew D; Prahalad, Sampath; Inan, Omer T</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>Vibroarthrography, a method for interpreting the sounds emitted <span class="hlt">by</span> a knee during movement, has been studied for several joint disorders since 1902. However, to our knowledge, the usefulness of this method for management of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) has not been investigated. To study joint sounds as a possible new biomarker for pediatric cases of JIA we designed and built Vibro<span class="hlt">CV</span>, a platform to capture vibroarthrograms from four accelerometers; electromyograms (EMG) and inertial measurements from four wireless EMG modules; and joint angles from two Sony Eye cameras and six light-emitting diodes with commercially-available off-the-shelf parts and computer vision via Open<span class="hlt">CV</span>. This article explains the design of this turn-key platform in detail, and provides a sample recording captured from a pediatric subject.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20051035','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20051035"><span>Tobacco as a production platform for biofuel: overexpression of Arabidopsis DGAT and LEC<span class="hlt">2</span> genes increases accumulation and shifts the composition of lipids in green biomass.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Andrianov, Vyacheslav; Borisjuk, Nikolai; Pogrebnyak, Natalia; Brinker, Anita; Dixon, Joseph; Spitsin, Sergei; Flynn, John; Matyszczuk, Paulina; Andryszak, Karolina; Laurelli, Marilyn; Golovkin, Maxim; Koprowski, Hilary</p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>When grown for energy production instead for smoking, tobacco can generate a large amount of inexpensive biomass more efficiently than almost any other agricultural crop. Tobacco possesses potent oil biosynthesis machinery and can accumulate up to 40% of seed weight in oil. In this work, we explored two metabolic engineering approaches to enhance the oil content in tobacco green tissues for potential biofuel production. First, an Arabidopsis thaliana gene diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) coding for a key enzyme in triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis, was expressed in tobacco under the control of a strong ribulose-biphosphate carboxylase small subunit promoter. This modification led to up to a 20-fold increase in TAG accumulation in tobacco leaves and translated into an overall of about a twofold increase in extracted fatty acids (FA) up to 5.8% of dry biomass in Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> <span class="hlt">cv</span> Wisconsin, and up to 6% in high-sugar tobacco variety NC-55. Modified tobacco plants also contained elevated amounts of phospholipids. This increase in lipids was accompanied <span class="hlt">by</span> a shift in the FA composition favourable for their utilization as biodiesel. Second, we expressed in tobacco Arabidopsis gene LEAFY COTYLEDON <span class="hlt">2</span> (LEC<span class="hlt">2</span>), a master regulator of seed maturation and seed oil storage under the control of an inducible Alc promoter. Stimulation of LEC<span class="hlt">2</span> expression in mature tobacco plants <span class="hlt">by</span> acetaldehyde led to the accumulation of up to 6.8% per dry weight of total extracted FA. The obtained data reveal the potential of metabolically modified plant biomass for the production of biofuel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9675E..2CZ','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9675E..2CZ"><span>Camera calibration method of binocular stereo vision based on Open<span class="hlt">CV</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhong, Wanzhen; Dong, Xiaona</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>Camera calibration, an important part of the binocular stereo vision research, is the essential foundation of 3D reconstruction of the spatial object. In this paper, the camera calibration method based on Open<span class="hlt">CV</span> (open source computer vision library) is submitted to make the process better as a result of obtaining higher precision and efficiency. First, the camera model in Open<span class="hlt">CV</span> and an algorithm of camera calibration are presented, especially considering the influence of camera lens radial distortion and decentering distortion. Then, camera calibration procedure is designed to compute those parameters of camera and calculate calibration errors. High-accurate profile extraction algorithm and a checkboard with 48 corners have also been used in this part. Finally, results of calibration program are presented, demonstrating the high efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approach. The results can reach the requirement of robot binocular stereo vision.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6905633-pathways-nitrogen-assimilation-cowpea-nodules-studied-using-sup-sub-allopurinol-vigna-unguiculata-walp-cv-vita','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6905633-pathways-nitrogen-assimilation-cowpea-nodules-studied-using-sup-sub-allopurinol-vigna-unguiculata-walp-cv-vita"><span>Pathways of nitrogen assimilation in cowpea nodules studied using /sup 15/N/sub <span class="hlt">2</span>/ and allopurinol. [Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. <span class="hlt">cv</span> Vita</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Atkins, C.A.; Storer, P.J.; Pate, J.S.</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>In the presence of 0.5 millimolar allopurinol (4-hydroxypyrazolo (3,4-d)pyrimidine), an inhibitor of NAD:xanthine oxidoreductase (EC 1.<span class="hlt">2.3.2</span>), intact attached nodules of cowpea (vigna unguiculata L. Walp. <span class="hlt">cv</span> Vita 3) formed (/sup 15/N)xanthine from /sup 15/N/sub <span class="hlt">2</span>/ at rates equivalent to those of ureide synthesis, confirming the direct assimilation of fixed nitrogen into purines. Xanthine accumulated in nodules and was exported in increasing amounts in xylem of allopurinol-treated plants. Other intermediates of purine oxidation, de novo purine synthesis, and ammonia assimilation did not increase and, over the time course of experiments (4 hours), allopurinol had no effect on nitrogenase (EC 1.87.99.<span class="hlt">2</span>) activity.more » Negligible /sup 15/N -labeling of asparagine from /sup 15/N/sub <span class="hlt">2</span>/ was observed, suggesting that the significant pool (up to 14 micromoles per gram of nodule fresh weight) of this amide in cowpea nodules was not formed directly from fixation but may have accumulated as a consequence of phloem delivery.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25830489','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25830489"><span>Immunogenicity and safety of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>) co-administered with DTPa vaccine in Japanese children: A randomized, controlled study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Iwata, Satoshi; Kawamura, Naohisa; Kuroki, Haruo; Tokoeda, Yasunobu; Miyazu, Mitsunobu; Iwai, Asayuki; Oishi, Tomohiro; Sato, Tomohide; Suyama, Akari; François, Nancy; Shafi, Fakrudeen; Ruiz-Guiñazú, Javier; Borys, Dorota</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>This phase III, randomized, open-label, multicenter study (NCT01027845) conducted in Japan assessed the immunogenicity, safety, and reactogenicity of 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>, given intramuscularly) co-administered with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine (DTPa, given subcutaneously). Infants (N=360 ) were randomized (<span class="hlt">2</span>:1) to receive either PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> and DTPa (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> group) or DTPa alone (control group) as 3-dose primary vaccination (3-4-5 months of age) and booster vaccination (17-19 months of age). Immune responses were measured before and one month after primary/booster vaccination and adverse events (AEs) were recorded. Post-primary immune responses were non-inferior to those in pivotal/efficacy European or Latin American pneumococcal protein D-conjugate vaccine studies. For each PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> serotype, at least 92.6% of infants post-primary vaccination and at least 97.7% of children post-booster had pneumococcal antibody concentrations ≥0.<span class="hlt">2</span> μg/ml, and at least 95.4% post-primary and at least 98.1% post-booster had opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titers ≥8 . Geometric mean antibody concentrations and OPA titers (except OPA titer for 6B) were higher post-booster than post-priming for each serotype. All PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>-vaccinated children had anti-protein D antibody concentrations ≥100 EL.U/ml one month post-primary/booster vaccination and all were seroprotected/seropositive against each DTPa antigen. Redness and irritability were the most common solicited AEs in both groups. Incidences of unsolicited AEs were comparable between groups. Serious AEs were reported for 47 children (28 in PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> group); none were assessed as vaccine-related. In conclusion, PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> induced robust immune responses and was well tolerated when co-administered with DTPa in a 3-dose priming plus booster regimen to Japanese children.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22493914','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22493914"><span>[Effect of aconite cake-separated moxibustion at Guanyuan (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 4) and Mingmen (GV 4) on thyroid function in patients of Hashimoto's thyroiditis].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xia, Yong; Xia, Ming-Zhe; Li, Yi; Liu, Shi-Min; Ju, Zi-Yong; He, Jin-Sen</p> <p>2012-02-01</p> <p>To explore the effects on thyroid function in patients of Hashimoto's thyroiditis treated with aconite cake-separated moxibustion and option the better therapeutic program. Eighty-five cases were randomly divided into a moxibustion group (42 cases) and a western medication group (43 cases). The moxibustion group was treated <span class="hlt">by</span> aconite cake-separated moxibustion therapy with acupoints of two groups [(1) Danzhong (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 17), Zhongwan (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 12), Guanyuan (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 4); (<span class="hlt">2</span>) Dazhui (GV 14), Shenshu (BL 23), Mingmen (GV 4)] alternatively and oral administration of 25 microg Euthyrox everyday. The western medication group was oral administration of 25 microg Euthyrox everyday. Indices of thyroid function before and after treatment and clinical effect were compared between two groups. The clinical total effective rate and effective rate of thyroid function were 25.0% (10/40), 87.5% (35/40) in moxibustion group respectively, 7.53% (3/40) and 57.5% (23/40) in western medication group, with significant differences between two groups (both P < 0.05). Content of serum free thyroxine index (FT4) increased significantly in the moxibustion group after treatment (P < 0.01); content of serum supersensitive thyrotropin (S-TSH) in the moxibustion group was lower than that of western medication group, and contents of serum FT4 and free triiodothyronine (FT3) were higher than those of western medication group, but with no significant differences (all P > 0.05). Aconite cake-separated moxibustion at Guanyuan (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 4) and Mingmen (GV 4) combined with oral administration of Euthyrox can improve clinical symptoms and thyroid function in patients of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which is better than simple oral administration of Euthyrox.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22070974','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22070974"><span>Distribution and change patterns of free IAA, ABP 1 and PM H⁺-ATPase during ovary and ovule development of Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Dan; Deng, Yingtian; Zhao, Jie</p> <p>2012-01-15</p> <p>Auxin plays key roles in flower induction, embryogenesis, seed formation and seedling development, but little is known about whether auxin regulates the development of ovaries and ovules before pollination. In the present report, we measured the content of free indole-3-acetic (IAA) in ovaries of Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L., and localized free IAA, auxin binding protein 1 (ABP1) and plasma membrane (PM) H⁺-ATPase in the ovaries and ovules. The level of free IAA in the developmental ovaries increased gradually from the stages of ovular primordium to the functional megaspore, but slightly decreased when the embryo sacs formed. Immunoenzyme labeling clearly showed that both IAA and ABP1 were distributed in the ovules, the edge of the placenta, vascular tissues and the ovary wall, while PM H⁺-ATPase was mainly localized in the ovules. <span class="hlt">By</span> using immunogold labeling, the subcellular distributions of IAA, ABP1 and PM H⁺-ATPase in the ovules were also shown. The results suggest that IAA, ABP1 and PM H⁺-ATPase may play roles in the ovary and ovule initiation, formation and differentiation. Crown Copyright © 2011. Published <span class="hlt">by</span> Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26222189','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26222189"><span>Membrane topology of Golgi-localized probable S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase in tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Jianping; Hayashi, Kyoko; Matsuoka, Ken</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases (MTases) transfer methyl groups to substrates. In this study, a novel putative tobacco SAM-MTase termed Golgi-localized methyl transferase 1 (GLMT1) has been characterized. GLMT1 is comprised of 611 amino acids with short N-terminal region, putative transmembrane region, and C-terminal SAM-MTase domain. Expression of monomeric red fluorescence protein (mRFP)-tagged protein in tobacco <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cell indicated that GLMT1 is a Golgi-localized protein. Analysis of the membrane topology <span class="hlt">by</span> protease digestion suggested that both C-terminal catalytic region and N-terminal region seem to be located to the cytosolic side of the Golgi apparatus. Therefore, GLMT1 might have a different function than the previously studied SAM-MTases in plants.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5640533-calcium-transport-vesicles-from-carrot-cells-stimulation-calmodulin-phosphatidylserine-daucus-carota-cv-danvers','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5640533-calcium-transport-vesicles-from-carrot-cells-stimulation-calmodulin-phosphatidylserine-daucus-carota-cv-danvers"><span>Calcium transport in vesicles from carrot cells: Stimulation <span class="hlt">by</span> calmodulin and phosphatidylserine. [Daucus carota <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Danvers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Wenling Hsieh; Sze, Heven</p> <p>1991-05-01</p> <p>The transport properties of Ca-pumping ATPases from carrot (Daucus carota <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Danvers) tissue culture cells were studied. ATP dependent Ca transport in vesicles that comigrated with an ER marker, was stimulated 3-4 fold <span class="hlt">by</span> calmodulin. Cyclopiazonic acid (a specific inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase) partially inhibited oxalate-stimulated Ca transport activity; however, it had little or not effect on calmodulin-stimulated Ca uptake. The results suggested the presence of two types of Ca ATPases, and ER- and a plasma membrane-type. Incubation of membranes with (gamma{sup 32}P)ATP resulted in the formation of a single acyl ({sup 32}P) phosphoprotein of 120 kDa. Formationmore » of this phosphoprotein was dependent on Ca, and enhanced <span class="hlt">by</span> La {sup 3+}, characteristic of the plasma membrane CaATPase. Acidic phospholipids, like phosphatidylserine, stimulated Ca transport, similar to their effect on the erythrocyte plasma membrane CaATPase. These results would indicate that the calmodulin-stimulated Ca transport originated in large part from a plasma membrane-type Ca pump of 120 kDa.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5302409','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5302409"><span>Determination of Volatiles <span class="hlt">by</span> Odor Activity Value and Phenolics of <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Ayvalik Early-Harvest Olive Oil</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Guclu, Gamze; Sevindik, Onur; Kelebek, Hasim; Selli, Serkan</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Ayvalik is an important olive cultivar producing high quality oils in Turkey. In the present study, volatile and phenolic compositions of early-harvest extra virgin olive oil (<span class="hlt">cv</span>. Ayvalik) were determined. The solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) technique was used for the extraction of volatile components. The aromatic extract obtained <span class="hlt">by</span> SAFE was representative of the olive oil odor. A total of 32 aroma compounds, including alcohols, aldehydes, terpenes, esters, and an acid, were identified in the olive oil. Aldehydes and alcohols were qualitatively and quantitatively the most dominant volatiles in the oil sample. Of these, six volatile components presented odor activity values (OAVs) greater than one, with (Z)-3-hexenal (green), hexanal (green-sweet) and nonanal (fatty-pungent) being those with the highest OAVs in olive oil. A total of 14 phenolic compounds were identified and quantified <span class="hlt">by</span> liquid chromatography combined with a diode array detector and ion spray mass spectrometry. The major phenolic compounds were found as 3,4-DHPEA-EDA, 3,4-DHPEA-EA and p-HPEA-EDA. PMID:28231141</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=280022','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=280022"><span>Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Nellie White)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Conditions were optimized for transient transformation of Lilium longiflorum <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Nellie White using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Bulb scale and basal meristem explants were inoculated with A. tumefaciens strain AGL1 containing the binary vector pCAMBIA 2301 which has the uidA gene that codes for ß-gl...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18322907','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18322907"><span>Assessment of the severity of dementia: validity and reliability of the Chinese (Cantonese) version of the Hierarchic Dementia Scale (<span class="hlt">CV</span>-HDS).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Poon, Vickie Wan-kei; Lam, Linda Chiu-wa; Wong, Samuel Yeung-shan</p> <p>2008-09-01</p> <p>With the rapid growth of the older population, early detection of cognitive deficits is crucial in slowing down functional deterioration of the elderly persons. To examine the validity and reliability of the Chinese (Cantonese) version of the Hierarchic Dementia Scale (<span class="hlt">CV</span>-HDS) for Chinese older persons in Hong Kong. The HDS was translated into Cantonese Chinese. The content and cultural validity were evaluated <span class="hlt">by</span> six expert panel members. Sixty-two participants with diagnosis of dementia were recruited for evaluation. Inter-rater reliability, test-retest reliability, internal consistency and concurrent validity were examined. The <span class="hlt">CV</span>-HDS demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties. inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability were high (alpha=0.89 and alpha=0.94 respectively). High value of Cronbach's alpha (alpha=0.94) demonstrated good internal consistency. The concurrent validity of <span class="hlt">CV</span>-HDS, through correlation with its scores with that of the Chinese version of Mini Mental Status Examination, was established (ranged from r=0.58 to r=0.78, p<0.01). The <span class="hlt">CV</span>-HDS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing severity of cognitive impairment in Cantonese speaking Chinese people with dementia. It facilitates treatment planning to optimize the effects of functional training and rehabilitation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201...65M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201...65M"><span>High precision Al-Mg systematics of forsterite-bearing Type B CAIs from <span class="hlt">CV</span>3 chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>MacPherson, G. J.; Bullock, E. S.; Tenner, T. J.; Nakashima, D.; Kita, N. T.; Ivanova, M. A.; Krot, A. N.; Petaev, M. I.; Jacobsen, S. B.</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>In order to further elucidate possible temporal relationships between different varieties of calcium-, aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs), we measured the aluminum-magnesium isotopic systematics of seven examples of the rare type known as forsterite-bearing Type B (FoB) inclusions from four different <span class="hlt">CV</span>3 carbonaceous chondrites: Allende, Efremovka, NWA 3118, and Vigarano. The primary phases (forsterite, Al-Ti-rich diopside, spinel, melilite, and anorthite) in each inclusion were analyzed in situ using high-precision secondary ion mass-spectrometry (SIMS). In all cases, minerals with low Al/Mg ratios (all except anorthite) yield well-defined internal Al-Mg isochrons, with a range of initial 26Al/27Al ratios [(26Al/27Al)0] ranging from (5.30 ± 0.22) × 10-5 down to (4.17 ± 0.43) × 10-5. Anorthite in all cases is significantly disturbed relative to the isochrons defined <span class="hlt">by</span> the other phases in the same CAIs, and in several cases contains no resolved excesses of radiogenic 26Mg (δ26Mg∗) even at 27Al/24Mg ratios greater than 1000. The fact that some FoBs preserve (26Al/27Al)0 of ∼5.<span class="hlt">2</span> × 10-5, close to the canonical value of (5.23 ± 0.13) × 10-5 inferred from bulk magnesium-isotope measurements of <span class="hlt">CV</span> CAIs (B. Jacobsen et al., 2008), demonstrates that FoBs began forming very early, contemporaneous with other more-refractory CAIs. The range of (26Al/27Al)0 values further shows that FoBs continued to be reprocessed over ∼200,000 years of nebular history, consistent with results obtained for other types of igneous CAIs in <span class="hlt">CV</span> chondrites. The absence of any correlation between of CAI + FoB formation or reprocessing times with bulk composition or CAI type means that there is no temporal evolutionary sequence between the diverse CAI types. The initial δ26Mg∗ value in the most primitive FoB (SJ101) is significantly lower than the canonical solar system value of -0.040 ± 0.029‰.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17805977','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17805977"><span>Assessment of the utility of the tomato fruit-specific E8 promoter for driving vaccine antigen expression.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>He, Zhu-Mei; Jiang, Xiao-Ling; Qi, Yu; Luo, Di-Qing</p> <p>2008-06-01</p> <p>To assess the utility of the tomato fruit-specific E8 gene's promoter for driving vaccine antigen expression in plant, the <span class="hlt">2.2</span> kb and 1.1 kb E8 promoters were isolated and sequenced from Lycopersicon esculentum <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Jinfeng #1. The 1.1 kb promoter was fused to vaccine antigen HBsAg M gene for the transfer to Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>, and the CaMV 35S promoter was used for comparison. Cholera toxin B (ctb) gene under the control of the 1.1 kb promoter was transformed into both N. <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> and L. esculentum. Southern blot hybridization confirmed the stable integration of the target genes into the tomato and tobacco genomes. ELISA assay showed that the expression product of HBsAg M gene under the control of the 1.1 kb E8 promoter could not be detected in transgenic tobacco tissues such as leaves, flowers, and seeds. In contrast, the expression of HBsAg M gene driven <span class="hlt">by</span> CaMV 35S promoter could be detected in transgenic tobacco. ELISA assay for CTB proved that the 1.1 kb E8 promoter was able to direct the expression of exotic gene in ripe fruits of transgenic tomato, but expression was absent in leaf, flower, and unripe fruit of tomato, and CTB protein was not detected in transgenic tobacco tissues such as leaves, flowers, and seeds when the gene was under the control of the 1.1 kb E8 promoter. The results indicated that the E8 promoter acted not only in an organ-specific, but also in a species-specific fashion in plant transformation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.P51A2123O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.P51A2123O"><span>Core Problem: Does the <span class="hlt">CV</span> Parent Body Magnetization require differentiation?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>O'Brien, T.; Tarduno, J. A.; Smirnov, A. V.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Evidence for the presence of past dynamos from magnetic studies of meteorites can provide key information on the nature and evolution of parent bodies. However, the suggestion of a past core dynamo for the <span class="hlt">CV</span> parent body based on the study of the Allende meteorite has led to a paradox: a core dynamo requires differentiation, evidence for which is missing in the meteorite record. The key parameter used to distinguish core dynamo versus external field mechanisms is absolute field paleointensity, with high values (>>1 μT) favoring the former. Here we explore the fundamental requirements for absolute field intensity measurement in the Allende meteorite: single domain grains that are non-interacting. Magnetic hysteresis and directional data define strong magnetic interactions, negating a standard interpretation of paleointensity measurements in terms of absolute paleofield values. The Allende low field magnetic susceptibility is dominated <span class="hlt">by</span> magnetite and FeNi grains, whereas the magnetic remanence is carried <span class="hlt">by</span> an iron sulfide whose remanence-carrying capacity increases with laboratory cycling at constant field values, indicating reordering. The iron sulfide and FeNi grains are in close proximity, providing mineralogical context for interactions. We interpret the magnetization of Allende to record the intense early solar wind with metal-sulfide interactions amplifying the field, giving the false impression of a higher field value in some prior studies. An undifferentiated <span class="hlt">CV</span> parent body is thus compatible with Allende's magnetization. Early solar wind magnetization should be the null hypothesis for evaluating the source of magnetization for chondrites and other meteorites.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16094528','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16094528"><span>In vitro induction of tetraploid plants from diploid Zizyphus jujuba Mill. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Zhanhua.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gu, X F; Yang, A F; Meng, H; Zhang, J R</p> <p>2005-12-01</p> <p>Tetraploid plants of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Zhanhua were obtained with in vitro colchicine treatment. Shoot tips from in vitro-grown plants were treated with five different concentrations of colchicine (0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.1, 0.3%) in liquid MS medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962), and shaken (100 rpm) at 25 degrees C in darkness for 24, 48, 72 or 96 h, respectively. Tetraploids were obtained at a frequency of over 3% <span class="hlt">by</span> using 0.05% colchicine (48 h, 72 h) and 0.1% colchicine (24 h, 48 h) treatment as determined <span class="hlt">by</span> flow cytometry. Cytological and morphological evidence confirmed the results of flow cytometric analysis. The chromosome number of diploid plants was 24 and that of tetraploid plants was 48. The stomata sizes of tetraploid plants were significantly larger than those of diploid plants, while the frequency of stomata were reduced significantly. Similarly, the chloroplast number of guard cells of tetraploid plants increased significantly. The selected tetraploid plants were grafted onto mature trees of Z. jujuba Mill. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Zhanhua in the field, resulted in thicker stems, rounder and succulent leaves, larger flowers and a delay in florescence time (3-4 days later) than diploid plants.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19166336','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19166336"><span>Antiatherosclerotic effects of Artemisia princeps Pampanini <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Sajabal in LDL receptor deficient mice.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Han, Jong-Min; Kim, Min-Jung; Baek, Seung-Hwa; An, Sojin; Jin, Yue-Yan; Chung, Hae-Gon; Baek, Nam-In; Choi, Myung-Sook; Lee, Kyung-Tae; Jeong, Tae-Sook</p> <p>2009-02-25</p> <p>Antiatherosclerotic effects of ethanolic extracts of Artemisia princeps Pampanini <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Sajabal (ESJ) were investigated in low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient (LDLR(-/-)) mice. The Western diet-induced high levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride were similar in the ESJ and control groups. However, circulating oxidized LDL was significantly decreased in the ESJ group (p < 0.05). ESJ also markedly decreased aortic expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and reduced the aortic lesion formation and macrophage accumulation <span class="hlt">by</span> 36.7% (p < 0.05) and 43% (p < 0.01) in the control group, respectively. Additionally, ESJ inhibited atherogenic properties with cytokine-induced surface expression of cell adhesion molecules, chemokines, and monocyte adhesion to the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and simultaneously suppressed nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. These results suggest that ethanolic extracts of Artemisia princeps Pampanini <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Sajabal contributes to the antiatherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory activities in LDLR(-/-) mice.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23899926','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23899926"><span>Angiopoietin-<span class="hlt">2</span> serum levels correlate with severity, early onset and cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>López-Mejías, Raquel; Corrales, Alfonso; Genre, Fernanda; Hernández, José L; Ochoa, Rodrigo; Blanco, Ricardo; González-Juanatey, Carlos; Martín, Javier; Llorca, Javier; González-Gay, Miguel A</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and high risk of cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) disease. Angiopoietin-<span class="hlt">2</span> (Angpt-<span class="hlt">2</span>), a marker of endothelial cell activation, has been proposed as a mediator of angiogenesis, which might play an important role in the regulation of endothelial integrity and inflammation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether Angpt-<span class="hlt">2</span> is related to severity and <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease in RA patients. Angpt-<span class="hlt">2</span> serum levels were measured <span class="hlt">by</span> enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 290 patients with RA. A control group of 100 individuals frequency matched <span class="hlt">by</span> age and sex and classic <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk factors and <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease was also assessed. Eighty-four patients with RA (28.9%) had experienced <span class="hlt">CV</span> events. Also, extra-articular manifestations were present in 41 (14%) of these patients. Although there were not significant differences between patients and controls, a correlation between age at the time of disease onset and Angpt-<span class="hlt">2</span> was observed in RA patients (r=-0.31; p=0.02). Angpt-<span class="hlt">2</span> serum levels also correlated positively with extra-articular disease (mean±standard deviation in RA patients with and without extra-articular manifestations were 2476±1716 pg/ml and 1897±1228 pg/ml, respectively; p=0.01). Moreover, after adjustment for sex, age at RA diagnosis and <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk factors, Angpt-<span class="hlt">2</span> levels were higher in RA patients with <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease than in RA patients without <span class="hlt">CV</span> complications (2472±1826 pg/ml vs. 1875±1101 pg/ml; p=0.05). Angpt-<span class="hlt">2</span> serum levels remained significantly higher in RA patients with <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease compared to those without <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease after additional adjustment for extra-articular manifestations (p=0.04). Our results show that Angpt-<span class="hlt">2</span> serum levels correlate with disease severity, early onset and <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease in RA patients.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17043084','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17043084"><span>Molecular interaction between Methylobacterium extorquens and seedlings: growth promotion, methanol consumption, and localization of the methanol emission site.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Abanda-Nkpwatt, Daniel; Müsch, Martina; Tschiersch, Jochen; Boettner, Mewes; Schwab, Wilfried</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Four Methylobacterium extorquens strains were isolated from strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Elsanta) leaves, and one strain, called ME4, was tested for its ability to promote the growth of various plant seedlings. Seedling weight and shoot length of Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>, Lycopersicon esculentum, Sinapis alba, and Fragaria vesca increased significantly in the presence of the pink-pigmented facultative methylotroph (PPFM), but the germination behaviour of seeds from six other plants was not affected. The cell-free supernatant of the bacterial culture stimulated germination, suggesting the production of a growth-promoting agent <span class="hlt">by</span> the methylotroph. Methanol emitted from N. <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> seedlings, as determined <span class="hlt">by</span> proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), ranged from 0.4 to 0.7 ppbv (parts per billion <span class="hlt">by</span> volume), while significantly lower levels (0.005 to 0.01 ppbv) of the volatile alcohol were measured when the seedlings were co-cultivated with M. extorquens ME4, demonstrating the consumption of the gaseous methanol <span class="hlt">by</span> the bacteria. Additionally, <span class="hlt">by</span> using cells of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris transformed with the pPICHS/GFP vector harbouring a methanol-sensitive promoter in combination with the green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter gene, stomata were identified as the main source of the methanol emission on tobacco cotyledons. Methylobacterium extorquens strains can nourish themselves using the methanol released <span class="hlt">by</span> the stomata and release an agent promoting the growth of the seedlings of some crop plants.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29231593','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29231593"><span>[Impacts on urodynamic parameters and the protein expressions of M<span class="hlt">2</span> and M3 receptors of detrusor in the rats of detrusor hyperreflexia treated with ginger-salt-isolated moxibustion at "Shenque" (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 8)].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Yi; Wang, Xuerui; Li, Tianran; Lin, Liting; Shi, Guangxia; Fu, Yuanbo; Liu, Cunzhi</p> <p>2017-04-12</p> <p>To discuss the effects on detrusor hyperreflexia treated with ginger-salt-isolated moxibustion at "Shenque" (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 8) and its mechanism. Thirty female adult SD rats were selected. The model of detrusor hyperreflexia was prepared with complete spinal transection at T 9 , of which, 20 rats were randomized into a model group (10 rats) and a moxibustion group (10 rats). A sham-operation group (10 rats) was set up for sham-spinal transection. In the moxibustion group, when urine incontinence occurred (about in <span class="hlt">2</span> weeks of modeling), the ginger-salt-isolated moxibustion at "Shenque" (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 8) was given, 3 moxa cones each time, once a day, continuously for 7 days. After treatment, in each group, the urodynamic parameters were determined, after which, the bladder detrusor was collected. Western blot was used to determine the protein expressions of M<span class="hlt">2</span> and M3 receptors. Compared with the sham-operation group, the micturition interval was shortened apparently ( P <0.01); the maximal bladder pressure was increased apparently ( P <0.01); the protein expression of M<span class="hlt">2</span> receptor in the detrusor was increased significantly ( P <0.05) and that of M3 receptor had no apparent change ( P >0.05) in the rats of the model group. Compared with the model group, the micturition interval was longer apparently ( P <0.01), the maximal bladder pressure was reduced apparently ( P <0.01), the protein expression of M<span class="hlt">2</span> receptor in the detrusor was reduced significantly ( P <0.05) and that of M3 receptor had no apparent change ( P >0.05) in the rats of the moxibustion group.Compared with the sham-operation group, the results of the above indicators were not different significantly in the moxibustion group (all P >0.05). The ginger-salt-isolated moxibustion at "Shenque" (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 8) suppresses the overactive bladder in the rat with spinal transection and its effect mechanism is possibly relevant with reducing the protein expression of detrusor M<span class="hlt">2</span> and inhibiting the excessive contraction of the detrusor.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=166644','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=166644"><span>Molecular Characterization of Plant Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes Belonging to the UbcP4/E<span class="hlt">2</span>-C/UBCx/UbcH10 Gene Family1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Criqui, Marie Claire; de Almeida Engler, Janice; Camasses, Alain; Capron, Arnaud; Parmentier, Yves; Inzé, Dirk; Genschik, Pascal</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>The anaphase promoting complex or cyclosome is the ubiquitin-ligase that targets destruction box-containing proteins for proteolysis during the cell cycle. Anaphase promoting complex or cyclosome and its activator (the fizzy and fizzy-related) proteins work together with ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (UBCs) (E<span class="hlt">2</span>s). One class of E<span class="hlt">2</span>s (called E<span class="hlt">2</span>-C) seems specifically involved in cyclin B1 degradation. Although it has recently been shown that mammalian E<span class="hlt">2</span>-C is regulated at the protein level during the cell cycle, not much is known concerning the expression of these genes. Arabidopsis encodes two genes belonging to the E<span class="hlt">2</span>-C gene family (called UBC19 and UBC20). We found that UBC19 is able to complement fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) UbcP4-140 mutant, indicating that the plant protein can functionally replace its yeast ortholog for protein degradation during mitosis. In situ hybridization experiments were performed to study the expression of the E<span class="hlt">2</span>-C genes in various tissues of plants. Their transcripts were always, but not exclusively, found in tissues active for cell division. Thus, the UBC19/20 E<span class="hlt">2</span>s may have a key function during cell cycle, but may also be involved in ubiquitylation reactions occurring during differentiation and/or in differentiated cells. Finally, we showed that a translational fusion protein between UBC19 and green fluorescent protein localized both in the cytosol and the nucleus in stable transformed tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> <span class="hlt">cv</span> Bright Yellow <span class="hlt">2</span>) cells. PMID:12427990</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4159881','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4159881"><span>Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of the Lycopene ε-Cyclase Gene via Virus-Induced Gene Silencing and Its Expression Pattern in Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Shi, Yanmei; Wang, Ran; Luo, Zhaopeng; Jin, Lifeng; Liu, Pingping; Chen, Qiansi; Li, Zefeng; Li, Feng; Wei, Chunyang; Wu, Mingzhu; Wei, Pan; Xie, He; Qu, Lingbo; Lin, Fucheng; Yang, Jun</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Lycopene ε-cyclase (ε-LCY) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of α-branch carotenoids through the cyclization of lycopene. Two cDNA molecules encoding ε-LCY (designated Ntε-LCY1 and Ntε-LCY<span class="hlt">2</span>) were cloned from Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>. Ntε-LCY1 and Ntε-LCY<span class="hlt">2</span> are encoded <span class="hlt">by</span> two distinct genes with different evolutionary origins, one originating from the tobacco progenitor, Nicotiana sylvestris, and the other originating from Nicotiana tomentosiformis. The two coding regions are 97% identical at the nucleotide level and 95% identical at the amino acid level. Transcripts of Ntε-LCY were detectable in both vegetative and reproductive organs, with a relatively higher level of expression in leaves than in other tissues. Subcellular localization experiments using an Ntε-LCY1-GFP fusion protein demonstrated that mature Ntε-LCY1 protein is localized within the chloroplast in Bright Yellow <span class="hlt">2</span> suspension cells. Under low-temperature and low-irradiation stress, Ntε-LCY transcript levels substantially increased relative to control plants. Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-mediated silencing of ε-LCY in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in an increase of β-branch carotenoids and a reduction in the levels of α-branch carotenoids. Meanwhile, transcripts of related genes in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway observably increased, with the exception of β-OHase in the TRV-ε-lcy line. Suppression of ε-LCY expression was also found to alleviate photoinhibition of Potosystem II in virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) plants under low-temperature and low-irradiation stress. Our results provide insight into the regulatory role of ε-LCY in plant carotenoid biosynthesis and suggest a role for ε-LCY in positively modulating low temperature stress responses. PMID:25153631</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25153631','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25153631"><span>Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the lycopene ε-cyclase gene via virus-induced gene silencing and its expression pattern in Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shi, Yanmei; Wang, Ran; Luo, Zhaopeng; Jin, Lifeng; Liu, Pingping; Chen, Qiansi; Li, Zefeng; Li, Feng; Wei, Chunyang; Wu, Mingzhu; Wei, Pan; Xie, He; Qu, Lingbo; Lin, Fucheng; Yang, Jun</p> <p>2014-08-22</p> <p>Lycopene ε-cyclase (ε-LCY) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of α-branch carotenoids through the cyclization of lycopene. Two cDNA molecules encoding ε-LCY (designated Ntε-LCY1 and Ntε-LCY<span class="hlt">2</span>) were cloned from Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>. Ntε-LCY1 and Ntε-LCY<span class="hlt">2</span> are encoded <span class="hlt">by</span> two distinct genes with different evolutionary origins, one originating from the tobacco progenitor, Nicotiana sylvestris, and the other originating from Nicotiana tomentosiformis. The two coding regions are 97% identical at the nucleotide level and 95% identical at the amino acid level. Transcripts of Ntε-LCY were detectable in both vegetative and reproductive organs, with a relatively higher level of expression in leaves than in other tissues. Subcellular localization experiments using an Ntε-LCY1-GFP fusion protein demonstrated that mature Ntε-LCY1 protein is localized within the chloroplast in Bright Yellow <span class="hlt">2</span> suspension cells. Under low-temperature and low-irradiation stress, Ntε-LCY transcript levels substantially increased relative to control plants. Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-mediated silencing of ε-LCY in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in an increase of β-branch carotenoids and a reduction in the levels of α-branch carotenoids. Meanwhile, transcripts of related genes in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway observably increased, with the exception of β-OHase in the TRV-ε-lcy line. Suppression of ε-LCY expression was also found to alleviate photoinhibition of Potosystem II in virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) plants under low-temperature and low-irradiation stress. Our results provide insight into the regulatory role of ε-LCY in plant carotenoid biosynthesis and suggest a role for ε-LCY in positively modulating low temperature stress responses.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAP...123p1423S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAP...123p1423S"><span>Suppression in the electrical hysteresis <span class="hlt">by</span> using CaF<span class="hlt">2</span> dielectric layer for p-GaN MIS capacitors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sang, Liwen; Ren, Bing; Liao, Meiyong; Koide, Yasuo; Sumiya, Masatomo</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>The capacitance-voltage (<span class="hlt">C-V</span>) hysteresis in the bidirectional measurements of the p-GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitor is suppressed <span class="hlt">by</span> using a CaF<span class="hlt">2</span> dielectric layer and a post annealing treatment. The density of trapped charge states at the CaF<span class="hlt">2</span>/p-GaN interface is dramatically reduced from 1.3 × 1013 cm<span class="hlt">2</span> to 1.1 × 1011/cm<span class="hlt">2</span> compared to that of the Al<span class="hlt">2</span>O3/p-GaN interface with a large <span class="hlt">C-V</span> hysteresis. It is observed that the disordered oxidized interfacial layer can be avoided <span class="hlt">by</span> using the CaF<span class="hlt">2</span> dielectric. The downward band bending of p-GaN is decreased from 1.51 to 0.85 eV as a result of the low-density oxides-related trap states. Our work indicates that the CaF<span class="hlt">2</span> can be used as a promising dielectric layer for the p-GaN MIS structures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24892763','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24892763"><span>Efficacy of pneumococcal nontypable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>) in young Latin American children: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tregnaghi, Miguel W; Sáez-Llorens, Xavier; López, Pio; Abate, Hector; Smith, Enrique; Pósleman, Adriana; Calvo, Arlene; Wong, Digna; Cortes-Barbosa, Carlos; Ceballos, Ana; Tregnaghi, Marcelo; Sierra, Alexandra; Rodriguez, Mirna; Troitiño, Marisol; Carabajal, Carlos; Falaschi, Andrea; Leandro, Ana; Castrejón, Maria Mercedes; Lepetic, Alejandro; Lommel, Patricia; Hausdorff, William P; Borys, Dorota; Ruiz Guiñazú, Javier; Ortega-Barría, Eduardo; Yarzábal, Juan P; Schuerman, Lode</p> <p>2014-06-01</p> <p>The relationship between pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-induced antibody responses and protection against community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and acute otitis media (AOM) is unclear. This study assessed the impact of the ten-valent pneumococcal nontypable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>) on these end points. The primary objective was to demonstrate vaccine efficacy (VE) in a per-protocol analysis against likely bacterial CAP (B-CAP: radiologically confirmed CAP with alveolar consolidation/pleural effusion on chest X-ray, or non-alveolar infiltrates and C-reactive protein ≥ 40 µg/ml); other protocol-specified outcomes were also assessed. This phase III double-blind randomized controlled study was conducted between 28 June 2007 and 28 July 2011 in Argentine, Panamanian, and Colombian populations with good access to health care. Approximately 24,000 infants received PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> or hepatitis control vaccine (hepatitis B for primary vaccination, hepatitis A at booster) at <span class="hlt">2</span>, 4, 6, and 15-18 mo of age. Interim analysis of the primary end point was planned when 535 first B-CAP episodes, occurring ≥<span class="hlt">2</span> wk after dose 3, were identified in the per-protocol cohort. After a mean follow-up of 23 mo (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>, n = 10,295; control, n = 10,201), per-protocol VE was 22.0% (95% CI: 7.7, 34.<span class="hlt">2</span>; one-sided p = 0.002) against B-CAP (conclusive for primary objective) and 25.7% (95% CI: 8.4%, 39.6%) against World Health Organization-defined consolidated CAP. Intent-to-treat VE was 18.<span class="hlt">2</span>% (95% CI: 5.5%, 29.1%) against B-CAP and 23.4% (95% CI: 8.8%, 35.7%) against consolidated CAP. End-of-study per-protocol analyses were performed after a mean follow-up of 28-30 mo for CAP and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>, n = 10,211; control, n = 10,140) and AOM (n = 3,010 and <span class="hlt">2</span>,979, respectively). Per-protocol VE was 16.1% (95% CI: -1.1%, 30.4%; one-sided p = 0.032) against clinically confirmed AOM, 67.1% (95% CI: 17.0%, 86.9%) against vaccine serotype clinically</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4370823','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4370823"><span>Functional Characterization of a Strong Bi-directional Constitutive Plant Promoter Isolated from Cotton Leaf Curl Burewala Virus</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Khan, Zainul A.; Abdin, Malik Z.; Khan, Jawaid A.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus (CLCuBuV), belonging to the genus Begomovirus, possesses single-stranded monopartite DNA genome. The bidirectional promoters representing Rep and coat protein (CP) genes of CLCuBuV were characterized and their efficacy was assayed. Rep and CP promoters of CLCuBuV and 35S promoter of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) were fused with β-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter genes. GUS activity in individual plant cells driven <span class="hlt">by</span> Rep, CP and 35S promoters was estimated using real-time PCR and fluorometric GUS assay. Histochemical staining of GUS in transformed tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Xanthi) leaves showed highest expression driven <span class="hlt">by</span> Rep promoter followed <span class="hlt">by</span> 35S promoter and CP promoter. The expression level of GUS driven <span class="hlt">by</span> Rep promoter in transformed tobacco plants was shown to be two to four-fold higher than that of 35S promoter, while the expression <span class="hlt">by</span> CP promoter was slightly lower. Further, the expression of GFP was monitored in agroinfiltrated leaves of N. benthamiana, N. <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plants using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Rep promoter showed strong consistent transient expression in tobacco and cotton leaves as compared to 35S promoter. The strong constitutive CLCuBuV Rep promoter developed in this study could be very useful for high level expression of transgenes in a wide variety of plant cells. PMID:25799504</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19136647','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19136647"><span>The plastidial <span class="hlt">2</span>-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway provides the isoprenyl moiety for protein geranylgeranylation in tobacco <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gerber, Esther; Hemmerlin, Andréa; Hartmann, Michael; Heintz, Dimitri; Hartmann, Marie-Andrée; Mutterer, Jérôme; Rodríguez-Concepción, Manuel; Boronat, Albert; Van Dorsselaer, Alain; Rohmer, Michel; Crowell, Dring N; Bach, Thomas J</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation are important posttranslational modifications in eukaryotic cells. We visualized in transformed Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> Bright Yellow-<span class="hlt">2</span> (<span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span>) cells the geranylgeranylation and plasma membrane localization of GFP-BD-CVIL, which consists of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the C-terminal polybasic domain (BD) and CVIL isoprenylation motif from the Oryza sativa calmodulin, CaM61. Treatment with fosmidomycin (Fos) or oxoclomazone (OC), inhibitors of the plastidial <span class="hlt">2</span>-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, caused mislocalization of the protein to the nucleus, whereas treatment with mevinolin, an inhibitor of the cytosolic mevalonate pathway, did not. The nuclear localization of GFP-BD-CVIL in the presence of MEP pathway inhibitors was completely reversed <span class="hlt">by</span> all-trans-geranylgeraniol (GGol). Furthermore, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose (DX) reversed the effects of OC, but not Fos, consistent with the hypothesis that OC blocks 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthesis, whereas Fos inhibits its conversion to <span class="hlt">2</span>-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate. <span class="hlt">By</span> contrast, GGol and DX did not rescue the nuclear mislocalization of GFP-BD-CVIL in the presence of a protein geranylgeranyltransferase type 1 inhibitor. Thus, the MEP pathway has an essential role in geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) biosynthesis and protein geranylgeranylation in <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cells. GFP-BD-CVIL is a versatile tool for identifying pharmaceuticals and herbicides that interfere either with GGPP biosynthesis or with protein geranylgeranylation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3454380','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3454380"><span>Chloroplast NADPH-Dependent Thioredoxin Reductase from Chlorella vulgaris Alleviates Environmental Stresses in Yeast Together with <span class="hlt">2</span>-Cys Peroxiredoxin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Machida, Takeshi; Ishibashi, Akiko; Kirino, Ai; Sato, Jun-ichi; Kawasaki, Shinji; Niimura, Youichi; Honjoh, Ken-ichi; Miyamoto, Takahisa</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Chloroplast NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase (NTRC) catalyzes the reduction of <span class="hlt">2</span>-Cys peroxiredoxin (<span class="hlt">2</span>-Cys Prx) and, thus, probably functions as an antioxidant system. The functions of the enzyme in oxidative and salt stresses have been reported previously. We have previously identified and characterized NTRC in Chlorella vulgaris. In the present study, we isolated a full-length cDNA clone encoding <span class="hlt">2</span>-Cys Prx from C. vulgaris and investigated the involvement of Chlorella NTRC/<span class="hlt">2</span>-Cys Prx system in several environmental stress tolerances <span class="hlt">by</span> using yeast as a eukaryotic model. Deduced Chlorella <span class="hlt">2</span>-Cys Prx was homologous to those of chloroplast <span class="hlt">2</span>-Cys Prxs from plants, and two conserved cysteine residues were found in the deduced sequence. Enzyme assay showed that recombinant mature C. vulgaris NTRC (m<span class="hlt">Cv</span>NTRC) transferred electrons from NADPH to recombinant mature C. vulgaris <span class="hlt">2</span>-Cys Prx (m<span class="hlt">Cv</span>Prx), and m<span class="hlt">Cv</span>Prx decomposed hydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and peroxynitrite <span class="hlt">by</span> cooperating with m<span class="hlt">Cv</span>NTRC. Based on the results, the m<span class="hlt">CvNTRC/mCv</span>Prx antioxidant system was identified in Chlorella. The antioxidant system genes were expressed in yeast separately or coordinately. Stress tolerances of yeast against freezing, heat, and menadione-induced oxidative stresses were significantly improved <span class="hlt">by</span> expression of m<span class="hlt">Cv</span>NTRC, and the elevated tolerances were more significant when both m<span class="hlt">Cv</span>NTRC and m<span class="hlt">Cv</span>Prx were co-expressed. Our results reveal a novel feature of NTRC: it functions as an antioxidant system with <span class="hlt">2</span>-Cys Prx in freezing and heat stress tolerances. PMID:23029353</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9817E..0KF','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9817E..0KF"><span>Automatic segmentation of Leishmania parasite in microscopic images using a modified <span class="hlt">CV</span> level set method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Farahi, Maria; Rabbani, Hossein; Talebi, Ardeshir; Sarrafzadeh, Omid; Ensafi, Shahab</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Visceral Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that affects liver, spleen and bone marrow. According to World Health Organization report, definitive diagnosis is possible just <span class="hlt">by</span> direct observation of the Leishman body in the microscopic image taken from bone marrow samples. We utilize morphological and <span class="hlt">CV</span> level set method to segment Leishman bodies in digital color microscopic images captured from bone marrow samples. Linear contrast stretching method is used for image enhancement and morphological method is applied to determine the parasite regions and wipe up unwanted objects. Modified global and local <span class="hlt">CV</span> level set methods are proposed for segmentation and a shape based stopping factor is used to hasten the algorithm. Manual segmentation is considered as ground truth to evaluate the proposed method. This method is tested on 28 samples and achieved 10.90% mean of segmentation error for global model and 9.76% for local model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28822287','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28822287"><span>Blue light induced free radicals from riboflavin in degradation of crystal violet <span class="hlt">by</span> microbial viability evaluation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liang, Ji-Yuan; Yuann, Jeu-Ming P; Hsie, Zong-Jhe; Huang, Shiuh-Tsuen; Chen, Chiing-Chang</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>Crystal violet (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) is applied in daily use mainly as a commercial dye and antimicrobial agent. Waste water containing <span class="hlt">CV</span> may affect aquatic ecosystems. Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B <span class="hlt">2</span> , is non-toxic and an essential vitamin required for the functions of the human body. Riboflavin is photosensitive to UV and visible light in terms of generating reactive oxygen species. This study investigated the potential application of blue light on riboflavin, so as to come up with an effective way of degrading <span class="hlt">CV</span> during its treatment. Photosensitivity of <span class="hlt">CV</span> leading to degradation in the presence of riboflavin was investigated <span class="hlt">by</span> light intensity, exposure time, and irradiation dosage. The degradation of <span class="hlt">CV</span> during riboflavin photolysis treatment was studied <span class="hlt">by</span> a UV/vis spectrometry and chromatography. The effects of <span class="hlt">CV</span> degradation on microbial viability are relevant when considering the influences on the ecosystem. This study proved that riboflavin photochemical treatment with blue light degrades <span class="hlt">CV</span> dye <span class="hlt">by</span> ROS formation. The riboflavin photolysis-treated <span class="hlt">CV</span> solution appeared to be transparent during conformational transformations of the <span class="hlt">CV</span> that was rearranged <span class="hlt">by</span> free radical species generated from riboflavin photolysis. After riboflavin photolysis, colony-forming units (CFUs) were determined for each <span class="hlt">CV</span> solution. CFU preservation was 85.<span class="hlt">2</span>% for the <span class="hlt">CV</span> dissolved riboflavin solution treated with blue light irradiation at <span class="hlt">2</span>.0mW/cm <span class="hlt">2</span> for 120min. Degradation of <span class="hlt">CV</span> <span class="hlt">by</span> riboflavin photochemical procedures can greatly reduce antimicrobial ability and serve as an environmental friendly waste water treatment method. Our results presented here concerning riboflavin photolysis in degradation of <span class="hlt">CV</span> provide a novel technique, and a simple and safe practice for environmental decontamination processes. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19970028996&hterms=wheat&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dwheat','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19970028996&hterms=wheat&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dwheat"><span>Morphological Analyses of Spring Wheat (CIMMYT <span class="hlt">cv</span>. PCYT-10) Somaclones</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Campbell, W. F.; Carman, J. G.; Hashim, Z. N.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>The objectives of this study were to induce callus from single immature wheat embryos, produce multiple seedlings from the induced callus, and analyse the somaclonal regenerants for potential grain production in a space garden. Immature wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (<span class="hlt">cv</span>. PCYT-10), embryos were excised 10 to 12 days post-anthesis and cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog's inorganic salts. Embryos cultured on medium containing kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) at 0.5mg/l plus <span class="hlt">2</span> or 3mg/l dicamba (1-methoxy-3,6- dichlorobenzoic acid) or 0.<span class="hlt">2</span>mg/l <span class="hlt">2</span>,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid produced calli from which 24, 35 and 39% of the explant tissue exhibited regenerants, respectively. The size of flag leaves, plant heights, tillers per plant, spike lengths, awn lengths, and seeds per spike were significantly different in regenerants of two-selfed recurrent generations (SC(sub 1), SC(sub <span class="hlt">2</span>)) than in parental controls. However, there were no significant differences in spikelets per spike between the SC(sub <span class="hlt">2</span>) and parental controls. Desirable characteristics that were obtained included longer spikes, more seeds per spike, supernumerary spikelets, and larger flag leaves, variants that should be useful in wheat improvement programs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4514407','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4514407"><span>Immunogenicity and safety of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>) co-administered with DTPa vaccine in Japanese children: A randomized, controlled study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Iwata, Satoshi; Kawamura, Naohisa; Kuroki, Haruo; Tokoeda, Yasunobu; Miyazu, Mitsunobu; Iwai, Asayuki; Oishi, Tomohiro; Sato, Tomohide; Suyama, Akari; François, Nancy; Shafi, Fakrudeen; Ruiz-Guiñazú, Javier; Borys, Dorota</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>This phase III, randomized, open-label, multicenter study (NCT01027845) conducted in Japan assessed the immunogenicity, safety, and reactogenicity of 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>, given intramuscularly) co-administered with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine (DTPa, given subcutaneously). Infants (N=360 ) were randomized (<span class="hlt">2</span>:1) to receive either PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> and DTPa (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> group) or DTPa alone (control group) as 3-dose primary vaccination (3–4–5 months of age) and booster vaccination (17–19 months of age). Immune responses were measured before and one month after primary/booster vaccination and adverse events (AEs) were recorded. Post-primary immune responses were non-inferior to those in pivotal/efficacy European or Latin American pneumococcal protein D-conjugate vaccine studies. For each PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> serotype, at least 92.6% of infants post-primary vaccination and at least 97.7% of children post-booster had pneumococcal antibody concentrations ≥0.<span class="hlt">2</span> μg/ml, and at least 95.4% post-primary and at least 98.1% post-booster had opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titers ≥8 . Geometric mean antibody concentrations and OPA titers (except OPA titer for 6B) were higher post-booster than post-priming for each serotype. All PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>-vaccinated children had anti-protein D antibody concentrations ≥100 EL.U/ml one month post-primary/booster vaccination and all were seroprotected/seropositive against each DTPa antigen. Redness and irritability were the most common solicited AEs in both groups. Incidences of unsolicited AEs were comparable between groups. Serious AEs were reported for 47 children (28 in PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> group); none were assessed as vaccine-related. In conclusion, PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> induced robust immune responses and was well tolerated when co-administered with DTPa in a 3-dose priming plus booster regimen to Japanese children. PMID:25830489</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007A%26A...473..511S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007A%26A...473..511S"><span>Paloma (RX J0524+42): the missing link in magnetic <span class="hlt">CV</span> evolution?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Schwarz, R.; Schwope, A. D.; Staude, A.; Rau, A.; Hasinger, G.; Urrutia, T.; Motch, C.</p> <p>2007-10-01</p> <p>Decent optical photometry of the canditate magnetic <span class="hlt">CV</span> Paloma has uncovered three persistent periods at 157, 146, and 136 min, which we interpret as the manifestation of the orbital motion of the system, the white dwarf's spin, and a related side-band frequency of the other two. All three periodicities are caused <span class="hlt">by</span> a double-humped modulation of about 1 mag appearing only at certain fractions of the beat cycle, and it probably originates from one or two accretion spots. Our data is consistent with two plausible solutions, with the spin period being either 146 or 136 min. The appearance of a corresponding spin-folded light curve suggests two different scenarios, for which either pole switching between two diametrically opposed accretion regions (for P_spin = 146 min) or pole migration of one single spot (with P_spin = 136 min) is the preferred accretion mode. Complementary ROSAT X-ray observations and low-resolution spectroscopy provide supporting evidence of the magnetic nature of the object. Depending on the choice of the spin period, the degree of asynchronism with respect to the orbital period is 7% or 14%, implying a beat period of 0.7 or 1.4 days. Thus, the source populates the gap between the near-synchronous polars (<<span class="hlt">2</span>%) and the DQ Herculis stars with long spin periods (e.g. EX Hya, V1025 Cen, DW Cnc). With an orbital period right within the period gap, Paloma is a key object for magnetic <span class="hlt">CV</span> evolution: it might be the first bona fide transition object between the DQ Her and AM Her system with a white dwarf currently in the process of synchronisation. Based in part on observations made at Observatoire de Haute Provence (CNRS), France.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-09/pdf/2010-22496.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-09/pdf/2010-22496.pdf"><span>75 FR 54887 - Determination of Regulatory Review Period for Purposes of Patent Extension; REPEL-<span class="hlt">CV</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-09-09</p> <p>... regulatory review period for REPEL-<span class="hlt">CV</span> and is publishing this notice of that determination as required <span class="hlt">by</span> law. FDA has made the determination because of the submission of an application to the Director of Patents... extension that the Director of Patents and Trademarks may award (half the testing phase must be subtracted...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26043851','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26043851"><span>Immunodiagnostic Properties of Wucheraria bancrofti SXP-1, a Potential Filarial Diagnostic Candidate Expressed in Tobacco Plant, Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ganapathy, Mathangi; Chakravarthi, M; Charles, S Jason; Harunipriya, P; Jaiganesh, S; Subramonian, N; Kaliraj, P</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>Transgenic tobacco plants were developed expressing WbSXP-1, a diagnostic antigen isolated from the cDNA library of L3 stage larvae of Wucheraria bancrofti. This antigen produced <span class="hlt">by</span> recombinant Escherichia coli has been demonstrated <span class="hlt">by</span> to be successful as potential diagnostic candidate against lymphatic filariasis. A rapid format simple and qualitative flow through immune-filtration diagnostic kit has been developed for the identification of IgG antibodies to the recombinant WbSXP-1 and is being marketed <span class="hlt">by</span> M/S Span Diagnostics Ltd in India and Africa. Here, we present the results of experiments on the transformation and expression of the same filarial antigen, WbSXP-1, in tobacco plant, Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>, to produce plant-based diagnostic antigen. It was possible to successfully transform the tobacco plant with WbSXP-1, the integration of the parasite-specific gene in plants was confirmed <span class="hlt">by</span> PCR amplification and the expression of the filarial protein <span class="hlt">by</span> Western blotting. The immunoreactivity of the plant-produced WbSXP-1 was assessed based on its reaction with the monoclonal antibodies developed against the E. coli-produced protein. Immunological screening using clinical sera from patients indicates that the plant-produced protein is comparable to E. coli-produced diagnostic antigen. The result demonstrated that plants can be used as suitable expression systems for the production of diagnostic proteins against lymphatic filariasis, a neglected tropical infectious disease which has a negative impact on socioeconomic development. This is the first report of the integration, expression and efficacy of a diagnostic candidate of lymphatic filariasis in plants.Key MessageTransgenic tobacco plants with WbSXP-1, a filarial diagnostic candidate, were developed. The plant-produced protein showed immunoreactivity on par with the E. coli product.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=316330','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=316330"><span>Increased and Altered Fragrance of Tobacco Plants after Metabolic Engineering Using Three Monoterpene Synthases from Lemon</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lücker, Joost; Schwab, Wilfried; van Hautum, Bianca; Blaas, Jan; van der Plas, Linus H. W.; Bouwmeester, Harro J.; Verhoeven, Harrie A.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Wild-type tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) plants emit low levels of terpenoids, particularly from the flowers. <span class="hlt">By</span> genetic modification of tobacco <span class="hlt">cv</span> Petit Havana SR1 using three different monoterpene synthases from lemon (Citrus limon L. Burm. f.) and the subsequent combination of these three into one plant <span class="hlt">by</span> crossings, we show that it is possible to increase the amount and alter the composition of the blend of monoterpenoids produced in tobacco plants. The transgenic tobacco plant line with the three introduced monoterpene synthases is emitting β-pinene, limonene, and γ-terpinene and a number of side products of the introduced monoterpene synthases, from its leaves and flowers, in addition to the terpenoids emitted <span class="hlt">by</span> wild-type plants. The results show that there is a sufficiently high level of substrate accessible for the introduced enzymes. PMID:14718674</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16667892','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16667892"><span>Cell wall invertase in tobacco crown gall cells : enzyme properties and regulation <span class="hlt">by</span> auxin.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Weil, M; Rausch, T</p> <p>1990-12-01</p> <p>The cell wall invertase from an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-transformed Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> cell line (SR1-C58) was purified. The heterogeneously glycosylated enzyme has the following properties: M(r) 63,000, pH optimum at 4.7, K(m sucrose) 0.6 millimolar (at pH 4.7), pl 9.5. Enzyme activity is inhibited <span class="hlt">by</span> micromolar concentrations of HgCl(<span class="hlt">2</span>) but is insensitive to H(<span class="hlt">2</span>)O(<span class="hlt">2</span>), N-ethylmaleimide and dithiothreitol. Upon transfer of transformed cells from the stationary phase to fresh medium, a cycloheximide- and tunicamycin-sensitive de novo formation of cell wall invertase is demonstrated in the absence or presence of sucrose. While in an auxin mutant (lacking gene 1;SR1-3845) 1 micromolar 1-naphthaleneacetic acid led to a further increased activity, the wild-type transformed cell line (SR1-C58) responded with a decreased activity compared to the control. An analysis of cell wall invertase in and around tumors initiated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain C58) on Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> stem and Kalanchoë daigremontiana leaves revealed gradients of activity. The results indicate that the auxin-stimulated cell wall invertase is essential for the establishment of the tumor sink.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1820973','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1820973"><span>Methylation of Gibberellins <span class="hlt">by</span> Arabidopsis GAMT1 and GAMT<span class="hlt">2</span>[W</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Varbanova, Marina; Yamaguchi, Shinjiro; Yang, Yue; McKelvey, Katherine; Hanada, Atsushi; Borochov, Roy; Yu, Fei; Jikumaru, Yusuke; Ross, Jeannine; Cortes, Diego; Ma, Choong Je; Noel, Joseph P.; Mander, Lew; Shulaev, Vladimir; Kamiya, Yuji; Rodermel, Steve; Weiss, David; Pichersky, Eran</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Arabidopsis thaliana GAMT1 and GAMT<span class="hlt">2</span> encode enzymes that catalyze formation of the methyl esters of gibberellins (GAs). Ectopic expression of GAMT1 or GAMT<span class="hlt">2</span> in Arabidopsis, tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>), and petunia (Petunia hybrida) resulted in plants with GA deficiency and typical GA deficiency phenotypes, such as dwarfism and reduced fertility. GAMT1 and GAMT<span class="hlt">2</span> are both expressed mainly in whole siliques (including seeds), with peak transcript levels from the middle until the end of silique development. Within whole siliques, GAMT<span class="hlt">2</span> was previously shown to be expressed mostly in developing seeds, and we show here that GAMT1 expression is also localized mostly to seed, suggesting a role in seed development. Siliques of null single GAMT1 and GAMT<span class="hlt">2</span> mutants accumulated high levels of various GAs, with particularly high levels of GA1 in the double mutant. Methylated GAs were not detected in wild-type siliques, suggesting that methylation of GAs <span class="hlt">by</span> GAMT1 and GAMT<span class="hlt">2</span> serves to deactivate GAs and initiate their degradation as the seeds mature. Seeds of homozygous GAMT1 and GAMT<span class="hlt">2</span> null mutants showed reduced inhibition of germination, compared with the wild type, when placed on plates containing the GA biosynthesis inhibitor ancymidol, with the double mutant showing the least inhibition. These results suggest that the mature mutant seeds contained higher levels of active GAs than wild-type seeds. PMID:17220201</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25496260','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25496260"><span>Validation of the Chinese version of the dementia screening questionnaire for individuals with intellectual disabilities (DSQIID-<span class="hlt">CV</span>).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, R S Y; Kwok, H W M; Deb, S; Chui, E M C; Chan, L K; Leung, D P K</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>An increasing number of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are at risk of developing age-related disorders such as dementia because of a dramatic increase in life expectancy in this population in the recent years. There is no validated dementia screening instrument for Chinese people with ID. The Dementia Screening Questionnaire for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (DSQIID) was reported to be a valid, user-friendly, easy-to-use observer-rated instrument. It was developed in the UK and has good psychometric properties. Validation of a Chinese version of the DSQIID will facilitate its application among the Chinese population. The DSQIID was translated into the Chinese version (DSQIID-<span class="hlt">CV</span>). <span class="hlt">By</span> purposive sampling, service users with ID aged 40 years or over were recruited through two large centres serving adults with ID in Hong Kong. Carers who had taken care of the participants continuously for the past 6 months were invited to complete the DSQIID-<span class="hlt">CV</span>. All participants were examined <span class="hlt">by</span> qualified psychiatrists to determine the presence or absence of dementia. Two hundred people with ID whose age ranged between 40 and 73 years (mean 51 years, SD=7.34 years) were recruited to the study. A clinical diagnosis of dementia was established in 13 participants. An overall total score of 22 as a screening cut-off provided the optimum levels of specificity (0.995) and sensitivity (0.923). The DSQIID-<span class="hlt">CV</span> showed good internal consistency (alpha=0.945) for all its 53 items, and excellent test-retest reliability (0.978, n=46) and inter-rater reliability (1.000, n=47). Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a four-factor solution explaining 45% of the total variance. The DSQIID-<span class="hlt">CV</span> is shown to have robust psychometric properties. It is the first valid and reliable dementia screening instrument for Chinese adults with ID. © 2014 MENCAP and International Association of the Scientific Study of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70015042','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70015042"><span>Graphical method for determining the coefficient of consolidation <span class="hlt">cv</span> from a flow-pump permeability test</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Morin, Roger H.; Olsen, Harold W.; Nelson, Karl R.; Gill, James D.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>A graphical method has been developed for determining the coefficient of consolidation from the transient phases of a flow-pump permeability test. The flow pump can be used to infuse fluid into or withdraw fluid from a laboratory sediment specimen at a constant volumetric rate in order to obtain data that can be used to calculate permeability using Darcy's law. Representative type-curve solutions to the associated forced-flow and pressure-decay models are derived. These curves provide the basis for graphically evaluating the permeability k, the coefficient of consolidation <span class="hlt">cv</span>, and the coefficient of volume change mv. The curve-matching technique is easy and rapid. Values of k, <span class="hlt">cv</span> and mv for a laterally confined kaolinite specimen were determined <span class="hlt">by</span> this graphical method and appear to be in reasonably good agreement with numerically derived estimates (within 20%). Discrepancies between the two sets of results seem to be largely a function of data quality.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9631E..1TZ','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9631E..1TZ"><span>A real-time camera calibration system based on Open<span class="hlt">CV</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Hui; Wang, Hua; Guo, Huinan; Ren, Long; Zhou, Zuofeng</p> <p>2015-07-01</p> <p>Camera calibration is one of the essential steps in the computer vision research. This paper describes a real-time Open<span class="hlt">CV</span> based camera calibration system, and developed and implemented in the VS2008 environment. Experimental results prove that the system to achieve a simple and fast camera calibration, compared with MATLAB, higher precision and does not need manual intervention, and can be widely used in various computer vision system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26681448','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26681448"><span>Verbal cues effectively orient children's auditory attention in a <span class="hlt">CV</span>-syllable dichotic listening paradigm.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Phélip, Marion; Donnot, Julien; Vauclair, Jacques</p> <p>2015-12-18</p> <p>In their groundbreaking work featuring verbal dichotic listening tasks, Mondor and Bryden showed that tone cues do not enhance children's attentional orienting, in contrast to adults. The magnitude of the children's right-ear advantage was not attenuated when their attention was directed to the left ear. Verbal cues did, however, appear to favour the orientation of attention at around 10 years, although stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs), which ranged between 450 and 750 ms, were not rigorously controlled. The aim of our study was therefore to investigate the role of both types of cues in a typical <span class="hlt">CV</span>-syllable dichotic listening task administered to 8- to 10-year-olds, applying a protocol as similar as possible to that used <span class="hlt">by</span> Mondor and Bryden, but controlling for SOA as well as for cued ear. Results confirmed that verbal cues are more effective than tone cues in orienting children's attention. However, in contrast to adults, no effect of SOA was observed. We discuss the relative difficulty young children have processing <span class="hlt">CV</span> syllables, as well as the role of top-down processes in attentional orienting abilities.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4043495','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4043495"><span>Efficacy of Pneumococcal Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae Protein D Conjugate Vaccine (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>) in Young Latin American Children: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Tregnaghi, Miguel W.; Sáez-Llorens, Xavier; López, Pio; Abate, Hector; Smith, Enrique; Pósleman, Adriana; Calvo, Arlene; Wong, Digna; Cortes-Barbosa, Carlos; Ceballos, Ana; Tregnaghi, Marcelo; Sierra, Alexandra; Rodriguez, Mirna; Troitiño, Marisol; Carabajal, Carlos; Falaschi, Andrea; Leandro, Ana; Castrejón, Maria Mercedes; Lepetic, Alejandro; Lommel, Patricia; Hausdorff, William P.; Borys, Dorota; Guiñazú, Javier Ruiz; Ortega-Barría, Eduardo; Yarzábal, Juan P.; Schuerman, Lode</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Background The relationship between pneumococcal conjugate vaccine–induced antibody responses and protection against community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and acute otitis media (AOM) is unclear. This study assessed the impact of the ten-valent pneumococcal nontypable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>) on these end points. The primary objective was to demonstrate vaccine efficacy (VE) in a per-protocol analysis against likely bacterial CAP (B-CAP: radiologically confirmed CAP with alveolar consolidation/pleural effusion on chest X-ray, or non-alveolar infiltrates and C-reactive protein ≥ 40 µg/ml); other protocol-specified outcomes were also assessed. Methods and Findings This phase III double-blind randomized controlled study was conducted between 28 June 2007 and 28 July 2011 in Argentine, Panamanian, and Colombian populations with good access to health care. Approximately 24,000 infants received PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> or hepatitis control vaccine (hepatitis B for primary vaccination, hepatitis A at booster) at <span class="hlt">2</span>, 4, 6, and 15–18 mo of age. Interim analysis of the primary end point was planned when 535 first B-CAP episodes, occurring ≥<span class="hlt">2</span> wk after dose 3, were identified in the per-protocol cohort. After a mean follow-up of 23 mo (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>, n = 10,295; control, n = 10,201), per-protocol VE was 22.0% (95% CI: 7.7, 34.<span class="hlt">2</span>; one-sided p = 0.002) against B-CAP (conclusive for primary objective) and 25.7% (95% CI: 8.4%, 39.6%) against World Health Organization–defined consolidated CAP. Intent-to-treat VE was 18.<span class="hlt">2</span>% (95% CI: 5.5%, 29.1%) against B-CAP and 23.4% (95% CI: 8.8%, 35.7%) against consolidated CAP. End-of-study per-protocol analyses were performed after a mean follow-up of 28–30 mo for CAP and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>, n = 10,211; control, n = 10,140) and AOM (n = 3,010 and <span class="hlt">2</span>,979, respectively). Per-protocol VE was 16.1% (95% CI: −1.1%, 30.4%; one-sided p = 0.032) against clinically confirmed AOM</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28382593','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28382593"><span>Uncertainty in measurements of the photorespiratory CO<span class="hlt">2</span> compensation point and its impact on models of leaf photosynthesis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Walker, Berkley J; Orr, Douglas J; Carmo-Silva, Elizabete; Parry, Martin A J; Bernacchi, Carl J; Ort, Donald R</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>Rates of carbon dioxide assimilation through photosynthesis are readily modeled using the Farquhar, von Caemmerer, and Berry (FvCB) model based on the biochemistry of the initial Rubisco-catalyzed reaction of net C 3 photosynthesis. As models of CO <span class="hlt">2</span> assimilation rate are used more broadly for simulating photosynthesis among species and across scales, it is increasingly important that their temperature dependencies are accurately parameterized. A vital component of the FvCB model, the photorespiratory CO <span class="hlt">2</span> compensation point (Γ * ), combines the biochemistry of Rubisco with the stoichiometry of photorespiratory release of CO <span class="hlt">2</span> . This report details a comparison of the temperature response of Γ * measured using different techniques in three important model and crop species (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>, Triticum aestivum, and Glycine max). We determined that the different Γ * determination methods produce different temperature responses in the same species that are large enough to impact higher-scale leaf models of CO <span class="hlt">2</span> assimilation rate. These differences are largest in N. <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> and could be the result of temperature-dependent increases in the amount of CO <span class="hlt">2</span> lost from photorespiration per Rubisco oxygenation reaction.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29053632','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29053632"><span>Protective Effect of Flavonoids from Ziziphus jujuba <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Jinsixiaozao against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury <span class="hlt">by</span> Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Huang, Weizhen; Wang, Yongjie; Jiang, Xiaoyan; Sun, Yueyue; Zhao, Zhongxi; Li, Siying</p> <p>2017-10-20</p> <p>This study was aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant activities and hepatoprotective effect of flavonoids from Ziziphus jujub a <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Jinsixiaozao (ZJF). The composition of ZJF was analyzed <span class="hlt">by</span> high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and antioxidant properties were investigated <span class="hlt">by</span> biological assays in vitro. The hepatoprotective activity of ZJF was evaluated in acetaminophen (APAP)-treated BALB/c mice. Results indicate that ZJF displayed significant antioxidant capacity. Pretreatment with ZJF significantly decreased APAP-elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin (TB). Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were enhanced with ZJF administration, while malondialdehyde (MDA) level and glutathione (GSH) depletion were reduced. Meanwhile, ZJF reversed the suppression of nuclear factor erythroid <span class="hlt">2</span>-related factor <span class="hlt">2</span> (Nrf<span class="hlt">2</span>) nuclear translocation, and up-regulated the protein expression of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1) in liver damage mice. Furthermore, ZJF attenuated APAP-induced inflammatory mediator production, such as nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Expression of p65 showed that ZJF dampened nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. The results strongly indicate that the hepatoprotective role of ZJF in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity might result from its induction of antioxidant defense via activation of Nrf<span class="hlt">2</span> and reduction of inflammation via inhibition of NF-κB.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApPhL.112m1601M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApPhL.112m1601M"><span>Electronic excitation induced defect dynamics in HfO<span class="hlt">2</span> based MOS devices investigated <span class="hlt">by</span> in-situ electrical measurements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Manikanthababu, N.; Vajandar, S.; Arun, N.; Pathak, A. P.; Asokan, K.; Osipowicz, T.; Basu, T.; Nageswara Rao, S. V. S.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>In-situ I-V and <span class="hlt">C-V</span> characterization studies were carried out to determine the device quality of atomic layer deposited HfO<span class="hlt">2</span> (<span class="hlt">2</span>.7 nm)/SiO<span class="hlt">2</span> (0.6 nm)/Si-based metal oxide semiconductor devices during 120 MeV Ag ion irradiation. The influence of various tunneling mechanisms has been investigated <span class="hlt">by</span> analyzing the I-V characteristics as a function of ion fluence. The nature of the defects created is tentatively identified <span class="hlt">by</span> the determination of the significant tunneling processes. While the ion induced annealing of defects is observed at lower fluences, ion induced intermixing and radiation damage is found to be significant at higher fluences. The <span class="hlt">C-V</span> characteristics also reveal significant changes at the interface and oxide trap densities: an increase in the oxide layer thickness occurs through the formation of an HfSiO interlayer. The interlayer is due to the swift heavy ion induced intermixing, which has been confirmed <span class="hlt">by</span> X-TEM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25246493','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25246493"><span>Genotype influences sulfur metabolism in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) under elevated CO<span class="hlt">2</span> and NaCl stress.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rodríguez-Hernández, María del Carmen; Moreno, Diego A; Carvajal, Micaela; Martínez-Ballesta, María del Carmen</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Climatic change predicts elevated salinity in soils as well as increased carbon dioxide dioxide [CO<span class="hlt">2</span>] in the atmosphere. The present study aims to determine the effect of combined salinity and elevated [CO<span class="hlt">2</span>] on sulfur (S) metabolism and S-derived phytochemicals in green and purple broccoli (<span class="hlt">cv</span>. Naxos and <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Viola, respectively). Elevated [CO<span class="hlt">2</span>] involved the amelioration of salt stress, especially in <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Viola, where a lower biomass reduction <span class="hlt">by</span> salinity was accompanied <span class="hlt">by</span> higher sodium (Na(+)) and chloride (Cl(-)) compartmentation in the vacuole. Moreover, salinity and elevated [CO<span class="hlt">2</span>] affected the mineral and glucosinolate contents and the activity of biosynthetic enzymes of S-derived compounds and the degradative enzyme of glucosinolate metabolism, myrosinase, as well as the related amino acids and the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). In <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Naxos, elevated [CO<span class="hlt">2</span>] may trigger the antioxidant response to saline stress <span class="hlt">by</span> means of increased GSH concentration. Also, in <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Naxos, indolic glucosinolates were more influenced <span class="hlt">by</span> the NaCl×CO<span class="hlt">2</span> interaction whereas in <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Viola the aliphatic glucosinolates were significantly increased <span class="hlt">by</span> these conditions. Salinity and elevated [CO<span class="hlt">2</span>] enhanced the S cellular partitioning and metabolism affecting the myrosinase-glucosinolate system. © The Author 2014. Published <span class="hlt">by</span> Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21384381','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21384381"><span>Stimulation of glucose uptake <span class="hlt">by</span> Musa sp. (<span class="hlt">cv</span>. elakki bale) flower and pseudostem extracts in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bhaskar, Jamuna J; Salimath, Paramahans V; Nandini, Chilkunda D</p> <p>2011-06-01</p> <p>Glucose uptake study plays a major role in diabetes research. Impaired glucose uptake has been implicated in the development of hyperglycemia during diabetes. Banana plant is known for its anti-diabetic properties and our earlier report revealed that banana flower and pseudostem of Musa sp. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. elakki bale is beneficial during diabetes in rat models. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential effect of banana flower and pseudostem extracts on glucose uptake in Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells using <span class="hlt">2</span>-[N-(7-nitrobenz-<span class="hlt">2</span>-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-<span class="hlt">2</span>-deoxy-D-glucose (<span class="hlt">2</span>-NBDG), a fluorescent analogue of <span class="hlt">2</span>-deoxyglucose. Methanol and aqueous extracts of banana flower and pseudostem were more potent in promoting glucose uptake in EAT cells, in comparison to acetone and ethanol extracts. At 20 µg dosage, highest net glucose uptake was observed in aqueous extracts of banana flower (18.17 ± 0.43 nmol L⁻¹) and pseudostem (19.69 ± 0.41 nmol L⁻¹). Total polyphenol content was higher in methanol (9.031 ± 0.036 g kg⁻¹) and aqueous (6.862 ± 0.024 g kg⁻¹) extracts of banana flower compared to pseudostem, which were 0.442 ± 0.006 and 0.811 ± 0.011 g kg⁻¹, respectively. Banana flower and pseudostem extracts are able to promote glucose uptake into the cells, presumably through glucose transporters 1 and 3, which could be beneficial in diabetes. Glucose uptake is likely promoted <span class="hlt">by</span> phenolic acids besides other bioactives. It can be hypothesized that consumption of nutraceutical-rich extract of banana flower and pseudostem could replace some amount of insulin being taken for diabetes. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278086','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278086"><span>A randomised trial to evaluate the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>) co-administered with routine childhood vaccines in Singapore and Malaysia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lim, Fong Seng; Koh, Mia Tuang; Tan, Kah Kee; Chan, Poh Chong; Chong, Chia Yin; Shung Yehudi, Yeo Wee; Teoh, Yee Leong; Shafi, Fakrudeen; Hezareh, Marjan; Swinnen, Kristien; Borys, Dorota</p> <p>2014-10-02</p> <p>The immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>) co-administered with routine childhood vaccines were evaluated among infants from Singapore and Malaysia, where PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> has been licensed. In the primary vaccination phase, 298 infants from Singapore and 168 infants from Malaysia were randomised to receive the Phase III Clinical (Clin) or the Commercial (Com) lot of PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> at <span class="hlt">2</span>, 3, and 5 months of age. In the booster vaccination phase, 238 toddlers from Singapore received one dose of the PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> Commercial lot at 18-21 months of age. Immune responses to pneumococcal polysaccharides were measured using 22F-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and functional opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) assay and to protein D, using ELISA. Immune responses induced <span class="hlt">by</span> primary vaccination with the PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> Commercial lot were non-inferior to the Phase III Clinical lot in terms of adjusted antibody geometric mean concentration (GMC) ratios for each vaccine pneumococcal serotype and protein D. For each vaccine pneumococcal serotype, ≥93.6% and ≥88.5% of infants from Malaysia and Singapore had post-primary vaccination antibody concentrations ≥0.<span class="hlt">2</span> μg/mL and OPA titres ≥8, in the Clin and Com groups, respectively. For each vaccine pneumococcal serotype, ≥60.8% and ≥98.<span class="hlt">2</span>% of toddlers from Singapore had pre- and post-booster antibody concentrations ≥0.<span class="hlt">2</span> μg/mL, in the Clin and Com groups, respectively. All children, except one, had measurable anti-protein D antibodies and the primary and booster doses of the co-administered vaccines were immunogenic. The incidence of each grade 3 solicited symptom was ≤11.1% in both study phases. No serious adverse events considered causally related to vaccination were reported throughout the study. PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> given as three-dose primary vaccination to infants in Singapore and Malaysia and booster vaccination to toddlers in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4892731','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4892731"><span>Effects of down-regulating ornithine decarboxylase upon putrescine-associated metabolism and growth in Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Dalton, Heidi L.; Blomstedt, Cecilia K.; Neale, Alan D.; Gleadow, Ros; DeBoer, Kathleen D.; Hamill, John D.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Transgenic plants of Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L. homozygous for an RNAi construct designed to silence ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) had significantly lower concentrations of nicotine and nornicotine, but significantly higher concentrations of anatabine, compared with vector-only controls. Silencing of ODC also led to significantly reduced concentrations of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine), tyramine and phenolamides (caffeoylputrescine and dicaffeoylspermidine) with concomitant increases in concentrations of amino acids ornithine, arginine, aspartate, glutamate and glutamine. Root transcript levels of S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase, S-adenosyl methionine synthase and spermidine synthase (polyamine synthesis enzymes) were reduced compared with vector controls, whilst transcript levels of arginine decarboxylase (putrescine synthesis), putrescine methyltransferase (nicotine production) and multi-drug and toxic compound extrusion (alkaloid transport) proteins were elevated. In contrast, expression of two other key proteins required for alkaloid synthesis, quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (nicotinic acid production) and a PIP-family oxidoreductase (nicotinic acid condensation reactions), were diminished in roots of odc-RNAi plants relative to vector-only controls. Transcriptional and biochemical differences associated with polyamine and alkaloid metabolism were exacerbated in odc-RNAi plants in response to different forms of shoot damage. In general, apex removal had a greater effect than leaf wounding alone, with a combination of these injury treatments producing synergistic responses in some cases. Reduced expression of ODC appeared to have negative effects upon plant growth and vigour with some leaves of odc-RNAi lines being brittle and bleached compared with vector-only controls. Together, results of this study demonstrate that ornithine decarboxylase has important roles in facilitating both primary and secondary metabolism in Nicotiana. PMID</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28447076','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28447076"><span>Promising cardiovascular and blood pressure effects of the SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span> inhibitors: a new class of antidiabetic drugs.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chrysant, S G</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Patients with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes mellitus (T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM) exhibit an increased risk of cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) events. Treatment of these patients with traditional as well as newer glucose-lowering drugs has not demonstrated superiority in <span class="hlt">CV</span> outcomes compared to placebo, despite effective control of diabetes. However, the recently FDA-approved sodium-glucose cotransporter <span class="hlt">2</span> (SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span>) inhibitors for the treatment of T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM have demonstrated promising <span class="hlt">CV</span>-protecting and blood pressure-lowering effects in addition to their effectiveness in glucose lowering, making them a novel class of drugs for the treatment of T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM. So far, there are three SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span> inhibitors approved <span class="hlt">by</span> the FDA and EMA for the treatment of T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM: canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin. They exert their antihyperglycemic effect through inhibition of SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span> in the kidney and significantly reduce glucose reabsorption from the proximal renal tubule. <span class="hlt">By</span> blocking glucose reabsorption, they lead to loss of calories, weight, abdominal and total body fat, blood pressure and <span class="hlt">CV</span> complications. One <span class="hlt">CV</span> outcomes randomized trial and several short-term studies have shown reductions in <span class="hlt">CV</span> events and blood pressure in patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM. It is the hope that large ongoing long-term outcome studies will provide further much-needed information, when they are completed. Copyright 2017 Clarivate Analytics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1468080','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1468080"><span>Ultrastructural study on the follicle-associated epithelium of nasal-associated lymphoid tissue in specific pathogen-free (SPF) and conventional environment-adapted (SPF-<span class="hlt">CV</span>) rats</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>JEONG, KWANG IL; SUZUKI, HODAKA; NAKAYAMA, HIROYUKI; DOI, KUNIO</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>Membranous (M) cells in follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) play an important role in the mucosal immunity through transport of a variety of foreign antigens to the underlying mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). We aimed to investigate the ultrastructure of M cells in the FAE covering nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) both in specific pathogen-free (SPF) rats and in conventional environment-adapted (SPF-<span class="hlt">CV</span>) rats aged 8–38 wk. In NALT of both SPF and SPF-<span class="hlt">CV</span> rats, FAE included the nonciliated microvillous cell, which appears to be an analogue of M cell previously described in other MALT. In SPF rats, M cells increased in number only slightly with age, and they maintained morphological uniformity irrespective of age. In SPF-<span class="hlt">CV</span> rats, M cells selectively increased in number resulting in prominent expansion of FAE surface area in parallel with the duration of maintenance in a conventional environment. In addition, M cells in SPF-<span class="hlt">CV</span> rats showed heterogeneity in their surface morphology such as the length and number of microvilli and cell surface area and outline. In addition, the FAE was stratified <span class="hlt">by</span> various subtypes of M cells, which were characterised <span class="hlt">by</span> several subcellular alterations including the presence of many keratin filaments, homogeneous dark bodies and extensive cytoplasmic interfoliation with wide intercellular spaces filled with amorphous proteinaceous material. These characteristics of M cells in SPF-<span class="hlt">CV</span> rat were intimately related with a preferential influx of immunocompetent cells into the FAE, which was not seen or was very rare in SPF rats irrespective of age. The results suggest the possibility that NALT may effectively carry out the mucosal immune response against antigenic stimuli of different magnitude through the unique dynamics of M cells which seem to be influenced <span class="hlt">by</span> the infiltration of immunocompetent cells. PMID:10853966</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5213090-biological-activities-indoleacetylamino-acids-use-auxins-tissue-culture','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5213090-biological-activities-indoleacetylamino-acids-use-auxins-tissue-culture"><span>Biological activities of indoleacetylamino acids and their use as auxins in tissue culture</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Hangarter, R.P.; Peterson, M.D.; Good, N.E.</p> <p>1980-05-01</p> <p>The auxin activities of a number of indoleacetylamino acid conjugates have been determined in three test systems: growth of tomato hypocotyl explants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Marglobe); growth of tobacco callus cultures (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Wisconsin 38); and ethylene production from pea stems (Pisum sativum L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Alaska). The activities of the conjugates differ greatly depending on the amino acid moiety. Indoleacetyl-L-alanine supports rapid callus growth from the tomato hypocotyls while inhibiting growth of shoots and roots. Indoleacetlyglycine behaves in a similar manner but is somewhat less effective in supporting callus growth and in inhibiting growth of shoots andmore » roots. Indoleacetylglycine behaves in a similar manner but is somewhat less effective in supporting callus growth and in inhibiting shoot formation. The other amino acid conjugates tested (valine, leucine, aspartic acid, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, and proline) support shoot formation without supporting root formation or much callus growth. The tobacco callus system, which forms abundant shoots in the presence or absence of free indoleacetic acid, produces only rapid undifferentiated growth in the presence of indoleacetyl-L-alanine and indoleacetylglycine. The other conjugates inhibit shoot formatin weakly if at all. Most of the conjugates induce sustained ethylene production from the pea stems but at rates well below the initial rates observed with free indoleacetic acid. Many, but not all of the effects of conjugates such as indoleacetyl-L-alanine can be mimicked <span class="hlt">by</span> frequent renewals of the supply of free indoleacetic acid.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6506964-tst-from-geofinder-traverse-data-hp41cv-programmable-calculator','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6506964-tst-from-geofinder-traverse-data-hp41cv-programmable-calculator"><span>TST from geofinder traverse data on HP41<span class="hlt">CV</span> programmable calculator</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Carman, G.J.</p> <p></p> <p>Using program subroutines designed for the HP41<span class="hlt">CV</span> programmable calculator and the geometric data recorded from Geofinder traversing or other pace-and-compass-type methods, the true stratigraphic thickness (TST) of dipping or gently folded strata is calculated at a rate of about 30 seconds per station. TST information is therefore readily available for reviewing stratigraphic and structure data and for post survey graphical plots.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21145411','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21145411"><span>Multiple antibacterial histone H<span class="hlt">2</span>B proteins are expressed in tissues of American oyster.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Seo, Jung-Kil; Stephenson, Jeana; Noga, Edward J</p> <p>2011-03-01</p> <p>We have previously identified a histone H<span class="hlt">2</span>B isomer (<span class="hlt">cv</span>H<span class="hlt">2</span>B-1) from tissue extracts of the bivalve mollusk, the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica). In this paper, we isolate an additional three antibacterial proteins from acidified gill extract <span class="hlt">by</span> preparative acid-urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Extraction of these proteins from tissue was best accomplished <span class="hlt">by</span> briefly boiling the tissues in a weak acetic acid solution. Addition of protease inhibitors while boiling resulted in somewhat lower yields, with one protein being totally absent with this method. Via mass spectrometry, the masses of one of these purified proteins was 13607.0Da (peak <span class="hlt">2</span>), which is consistent with the molecular weight of histone H<span class="hlt">2</span>B. In addition, via western-blotting using anti-calf histone H<span class="hlt">2</span>B antibody, all three proteins were positive and were thus named <span class="hlt">cv</span>H<span class="hlt">2</span>B-<span class="hlt">2</span>, <span class="hlt">cv</span>H<span class="hlt">2</span>B-3 and <span class="hlt">cv</span>H<span class="hlt">2</span>B-4. The antibacterial activity of <span class="hlt">cv</span>H<span class="hlt">2</span>B-<span class="hlt">2</span> was similar to that of <span class="hlt">cv</span>H<span class="hlt">2</span>B-1, with activity against a Gram-positive bacterium (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis; minimum effective concentration [MEC] 52-57μg/mL) but inactive against Staphylococcus aureus (MEC>250μg/mL). However, both proteins had relatively potent activity against the Gram-negative oyster pathogen Vibrio parahemolyticus (MEC 11.5-14μg/mL) as well as the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus (MEC 21.3-25.3μg/mL). <span class="hlt">cv</span>H<span class="hlt">2</span>B-3 and <span class="hlt">cv</span>H<span class="hlt">2</span>B-4 also had similarly strong activity against Vibrio vulnificus. These data provide further evidence for the antimicrobial function of histone H<span class="hlt">2</span>B isomers in modulating bacterial populations in oyster tissues. The combined estimated concentrations of these histone H<span class="hlt">2</span>B isomers were far above the inhibitory concentrations for the tested vibrios, including human pathogens. Our results indicate that the highly conserved histone proteins might be important components not only of immune defenses in oysters but have the potential to influence the abundance of a</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140012796','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140012796"><span>Contrasting Size Distributions of Chondrules and Inclusions in Allende <span class="hlt">CV</span>3</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Fisher, Kent R.; Tait, Alastair W.; Simon, Jusin I.; Cuzzi, Jeff N.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>There are several leading theories on the processes that led to the formation of chondrites, e.g., sorting <span class="hlt">by</span> mass, <span class="hlt">by</span> X-winds, turbulent concentration, and <span class="hlt">by</span> photophoresis. The juxtaposition of refractory inclusions (CAIs) and less refractory chondrules is central to these theories and there is much to be learned from their relative size distributions. There have been a number of studies into size distributions of particles in chondrites but only on relatively small scales primarily for chondrules, and rarely for both Calcium Aluminum-rich Inclusions (CAIs) and chondrules in the same sample. We have implemented macro-scale (25 cm diameter sample) and high-resolution microscale sampling of the Allende <span class="hlt">CV</span>3 chondrite to create a complete data set of size frequencies for CAIs and chondrules.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5007345','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5007345"><span>The Development of DNA Based Methods for the Reliable and Efficient Identification of Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> in Tobacco and Its Derived Products</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Fan, Wei; Li, Rong; Li, Sifan; Ping, Wenli; Li, Shujun; Naumova, Alexandra; Peelen, Tamara; Yuan, Zheng; Zhang, Dabing</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Reliable methods are needed to detect the presence of tobacco components in tobacco products to effectively control smuggling and classify tariff and excise in tobacco industry to control illegal tobacco trade. In this study, two sensitive and specific DNA based methods, one quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay and the other loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay, were developed for the reliable and efficient detection of the presence of tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) in various tobacco samples and commodities. Both assays targeted the same sequence of the uridine 5′-monophosphate synthase (UMPS), and their specificities and sensitivities were determined with various plant materials. Both qPCR and LAMP methods were reliable and accurate in the rapid detection of tobacco components in various practical samples, including customs samples, reconstituted tobacco samples, and locally purchased cigarettes, showing high potential for their application in tobacco identification, particularly in the special cases where the morphology or chemical compositions of tobacco have been disrupted. Therefore, combining both methods would facilitate not only the detection of tobacco smuggling control, but also the detection of tariff classification and of excise. PMID:27635142</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2651461','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2651461"><span>Tobacco Arp3 is localized to actin-nucleating sites in vivo</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Maisch, Jan; Fišerová, Jindřiška; Fischer, Lukáš; Nick, Peter</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>The polarity of actin is a central determinant of intracellular transport in plant cells. To visualize actin polarity in living plant cells, the tobacco homologue of the actin-related protein 3 (ARP3) was cloned and a fusion with the red fluorescent protein (RFP) was generated. Upon transient expression of these fusions in the tobacco cell line <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Bright Yellow <span class="hlt">2</span>), punctate structures were observed near the nuclear envelope and in the cortical plasma. These dots could be shown to decorate actin filaments <span class="hlt">by</span> expressing RFP–ARP3 in a marker line, where actin was tagged <span class="hlt">by</span> GFP (green fluorescent protein)–FABD (fimbrin actin-binding domain <span class="hlt">2</span>). When actin filaments were disrupted <span class="hlt">by</span> latrunculin B or <span class="hlt">by</span> prolonged cold treatment, and subsequently allowed to recover, the actin filaments reformed from the RFP–ARP3 structures, that therefore represented actin nucleation sites. The intracellular distribution of these sites was followed during the formation of pluricellular files, and it was observed that the density of RFP–ARP3 increased in the apex of the polarized, terminal cells of a file, whereas it was equally distributed in the central cells of a file. These findings are interpreted in terms of position-dependent differences of actin organization. PMID:19129161</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25518685','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25518685"><span>[Ability of typical greenery shrubs of Beijing to adsorb and arrest PM<span class="hlt">2</span>.5 ].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liang, Dan; Wang, Bin; Wang, Yun-qi; Zhang, Hui-lan; Yang, Song-nan; Li, Ang</p> <p>2014-09-01</p> <p>Four typical types of green shrubs of Beijing (Euonymus japonicus, Buxus microphylla, Berberis thunbergii <span class="hlt">cv</span>. atropurpurea, Taxus cuspidate <span class="hlt">cv</span>. nana) were selected to study their capacities in adsorbing and arresting PM<span class="hlt">2</span>.5 using both field observations and air chamber simulations. Concurrently, in order to analyze the pollution characteristics of Beijing in winter and spring, the PM<span class="hlt">2</span>.5 concentrations of December 2012 to May 2013 were collected. Experimental results showed that: From the gas chamber experiments, the ability to adsorb and arrest PM<span class="hlt">2</span>.5 was in the order of Berberis thunbergii <span class="hlt">cv</span>. atropurpurea > Buxus microphylla > Taxus cuspidate <span class="hlt">cv</span>. nana > Euonymus japonicus, mainly due to the differences in leaf characteristics; Outside measurement results showed that the ability to adsorb and arrest PM<span class="hlt">2</span>.5 was ranked as Buxus microphylla > Berberis thunbergii <span class="hlt">cv</span>. atropurpurea > Taxus cuspidate <span class="hlt">cv</span>. nana > Euonymus japonicus. Chamber simulation and outdoor observation showed that Buxus microphylla and Berberis thunbergii <span class="hlt">cv</span>. atropurpurea had strong ability to adsorb and arrest PM<span class="hlt">2</span>.5; Meanwhile, the slight differences between the chamber simulation and outdoor observation results might be related to plant structure. Compared to tree species, the planting condition of shrub species was loose, and it greened quickly; <span class="hlt">By</span> analyzing the Beijing PM<span class="hlt">2</span>.5 concentration values in winter and spring, it was found that the PM<span class="hlt">2</span>.5 concentration was particularly high in the winter of Beijing, and evergreen shrubs maintained the ability to adsorb and arrest PM<span class="hlt">2</span>.5.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5359246','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5359246"><span>Core Microbiota and Metabolome of Vitis vinifera L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Corvina Grapes and Musts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Stefanini, Irene; Carlin, Silvia; Tocci, Noemi; Albanese, Davide; Donati, Claudio; Franceschi, Pietro; Paris, Michele; Zenato, Alberto; Tempesta, Silvano; Bronzato, Alberto; Vrhovsek, Urska; Mattivi, Fulvio; Cavalieri, Duccio</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The composition and changes of the fungal population and of the metabolites present in grapes and in ferments of Vitis vinifera L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Corvina, one of the major components of the Amarone musts, were dissected aiming at the identification of constant characteristics possibly influenced <span class="hlt">by</span> the productive process. The fungal populations and metabolomic profiles were analyzed in three different vintages. 454-pyrosequencing on the ribosomal ITS1 region has been used to identify the fungal population present in Corvina grapes and fresh must. Samples were also subjected to metabolomics analysis measuring both free volatile compounds and glycosylated aroma precursors through an untargeted approach with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Albeit strongly dependent on the climate, both the mycobiota and metabolome of Corvina grapes and fresh musts show some characteristics recursive in different vintages. Such persistent characteristics are likely determined <span class="hlt">by</span> the method adopted to produce Amarone or other dry wines made from partially dried grapes. In particular, the harsh conditions imposed <span class="hlt">by</span> the prolonged withering appear to contribute to the shaping of the fungal populations. The fungal genera and metabolites present in different vintages in V. vinifera L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Corvina grapes and fresh musts represent core components of the peculiar technique of production of Amarone. Their identification allows the in-depth understanding and improved control of the process of production of this economically and culturally relevant wine. PMID:28377754</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28714880','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28714880"><span>Upregulation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) Enhances Ethylene Biosynthesis and Accelerates Flower Senescence in Transgenic Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dek, Mohd Sabri Pak; Padmanabhan, Priya; Sherif, Sherif; Subramanian, Jayasankar; Paliyath, And Gopinadhan</p> <p>2017-07-15</p> <p>Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a key enzyme that phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol at 3'-hydroxyl position of the inositol head group initiating the generation of several phosphorylated phosphatidylinositols, collectively referred to as phosphoinositides. The function of PI3K in plant senescence and ethylene signal transduction process was studied <span class="hlt">by</span> expression of Solanum lycopersicum PI3K in transgenic Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> , and delineating its effect on flower senescence. Detached flowers of transgenic tobacco plants with overexpressed Sl - PI3K (OX) displayed accelerated senescence and reduced longevity, when compared to the flowers of wild type plants. Flowers from PI3K-overexpressing plants showed enhanced ethylene production and upregulated expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase 1 ( ACO1 ). Real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed that PI3K was expressed at a higher level in OX flowers than in the control. Seedlings of OX-lines also demonstrated a triple response phenotype with characteristic exaggerated apical hook, shorter hypocotyls and increased sensitivity to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate than the control wild type seedlings. In floral tissue from OX-lines, Solanum lycopersicum phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase green fluorescent protein (PI3K-GFP) chimera protein was localized primarily in stomata, potentially in cytoplasm and membrane adjacent to stomatal pores in the guard cells. Immunoblot analysis of PI3K expression in OX lines demonstrated increased protein level compared to the control. Results of the present study suggest that PI3K plays a crucial role in senescence <span class="hlt">by</span> enhancing ethylene biosynthesis and signaling.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22453801','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22453801"><span>Effect of tropospheric ozone on morphological characteristics of Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L., Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Petunia×Hybrida L. in ambient air conditions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Borowiak, Klaudia; Wujeska, Agnieszka</p> <p>2012-03-01</p> <p>The cumulative ozone effect on morphological parameters (visible leaf injury, plant height and leaf growth, number of bean pods, petunia flowers and stalks) was examined in this study. Well-known ozonesensitive (Bel W3) and ozone-resistant (Bel B) tobacco cultivars as well as bean <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Nerina and petunia <span class="hlt">cv</span>. White cascade, both recognized as ozone sensitive, were used in the experiment. Investigations were carried out at two exposure sites varying in tropospheric ozone levels. Ozone negatively affected the leaf growth of both tobacco cultivars and bean. A negative relation was also found for ozone concentration and tobacco plant height. Number of petunia flowers and stalks and bean pods was positively correlated with ozone concentration. This could have been connected with earlier plant maturation due to faster generative development of plants in ozone-stress conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21212958','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21212958"><span>Ectopic expression of class 1 KNOX genes induce adventitious shoot regeneration and alter growth and development of tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L) and European plum (Prunus domestica L).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Srinivasan, C; Liu, Zongrang; Scorza, Ralph</p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>Transgenic plants of tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L) and European plum (Prunus domestica L) were produced <span class="hlt">by</span> transforming with the apple class 1 KNOX genes (MdKN1 and MdKN<span class="hlt">2</span>) or corn KNOX1 gene. Transgenic tobacco plants were regenerated in vitro from transformed leaf discs cultured in a medium lacking cytokinin. Ectopic expression of KNOX genes retarded shoot growth <span class="hlt">by</span> suppressing elongation of internodes in transgenic tobacco plants. Expression of each of the three KNOX1 genes induced malformation and extensive lobbing in tobacco leaves. In situ regeneration of adventitious shoots was observed from leaves and roots of transgenic tobacco plants expressing each of the three KNOX genes. In vitro culture of leaf explants and internode sections excised from in vitro grown MdKN1 expressing tobacco shoots regenerated adventitious shoots on MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) basal medium in the absence of exogenous cytokinin. Transgenic plum plants that expressed the MdKN<span class="hlt">2</span> or corn KNOX1 gene grew normally but MdKN1 caused a significant reduction in plant height, leaf shape and size and produced malformed curly leaves. A high frequency of adventitious shoot regeneration (96%) was observed in cultures of leaf explants excised from corn KNOX1-expressing transgenic plum shoots. In contrast to KNOX1-expressing tobacco, leaf and internode explants of corn KNOX1-expressing plum required synthetic cytokinin (thidiazuron) in the culture medium to induce adventitious shoot regeneration. The induction of high-frequency regeneration of adventitious shoots in vitro from leaves and stem internodal sections of plum through the ectopic expression of a KNOX1 gene is the first such report for a woody perennial fruit trees.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5859802-tobacco-plants-transformed-bean-alpha-ai-gene-express-inhibitor-insect-alpha-amylase-seeds-nicotiana-tabacum-tenebrio-molitor','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5859802-tobacco-plants-transformed-bean-alpha-ai-gene-express-inhibitor-insect-alpha-amylase-seeds-nicotiana-tabacum-tenebrio-molitor"><span>Tobacco plants transformed with the bean. alpha. ai gene express an inhibitor of insect. alpha. -amylase in their seeds. [Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>; Tenebrio molitor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Altabella, T.; Chrispeels, M.J.</p> <p></p> <p>Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds contain a putative plant defense protein that inhibits insect and mammalian but not plant {alpha}-amylases. We recently presented strong circumstantial evidence that this {alpha}-amylase inhibitor ({alpha}Al) is encoded <span class="hlt">by</span> an already-identified lectin gene whose product is referred to as lectin-like-protein (LLP). We have now made a chimeric gene consisting of the coding sequence of the lectin gene that encodes LLP and the 5{prime} and 3{prime} flanking sequences of the lectin gene that encodes phytohemagglutinin-L. When this chimeric gene was expressed in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>), we observed in the seeds a series of polypeptides (M{submore » r} 10,000-18,000) that cross-react with antibodies to the bean {alpha}-amylase inhibitor. Most of these polypeptides bind to a pig pancreas {alpha}-amylase affinity column. An extract of the seeds of the transformed tobacco plants inhibits pig pancreas {alpha}-amylase activity as well as the {alpha}-amylase present in the midgut of Tenebrio molitor. We suggest that introduction of this lectin gene (to be called {alpha}ai) into other leguminous plants may be a strategy to protect the seeds from the seed-eating larvae of Coleoptera.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2638710','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2638710"><span>Boron Nutrition of Tobacco <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> Cells. V. Oxidative Damage is the Major Cause of Cell Death Induced <span class="hlt">by</span> Boron Deprivation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Koshiba, Taichi; Kobayashi, Masaru; Matoh, Toru</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for vascular plants. However, it remains unclear how B deficiency leads to various metabolic disorders and cell death. To understand this mechanism, we analyzed the physiological changes in suspension-cultured tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cells upon B deprivation. When 3-day-old cells were transferred to B-free medium, cell death was detectable as early as 12 h after treatment. The B-deprived cells accumulated more reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides than control cells, and showed a slight but significant decrease in the cellular ascorbate pool. Supplementing the media with lipophilic antioxidants effectively suppressed the death of B-deprived cells, suggesting that the oxidative damage is the immediate and major cause of cell death under B deficiency. Dead cells in B-free culture exhibited a characteristic morphology with a shrunken cytoplasm, which is often seen in cells undergoing programmed cell death (PCD). However, they did not display other hallmarks of PCD such as internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, decreased ascorbate peroxidase expression and protection from death <span class="hlt">by</span> cycloheximide. These results suggest that the death of tobacco cells induced <span class="hlt">by</span> B deprivation is not likely to be a typical PCD. PMID:19054807</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22026590','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22026590"><span>Health and economic impact of PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> in Canada and the UK: a Markov modelling exercise.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Knerer, Gerhart; Ismaila, Afisi; Pearce, David</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The spectrum of diseases caused <span class="hlt">by</span> Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) represents a large burden on healthcare systems around the world. Meningitis, bacteraemia, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and acute otitis media (AOM) are vaccine-preventable infectious diseases that can have severe consequences. The health economic model presented here is intended to estimate the clinical and economic impact of vaccinating birth cohorts in Canada and the UK with the 10-valent, pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>) compared with the newly licensed 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13). The model described herein is a Markov cohort model built to simulate the epidemiological burden of pneumococcal- and NTHi-related diseases within birth cohorts in the UK and Canada. Base-case assumptions include estimates of vaccine efficacy and NTHi infection rates that are based on published literature. The model predicts that the two vaccines will provide a broadly similar impact on all-cause invasive disease and CAP under base-case assumptions. However, PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> is expected to provide a substantially greater reduction in AOM compared with PCV-13, offering additional savings of Canadian $9.0 million and £4.9 million in discounted direct medical costs in Canada and the UK, respectively. The main limitations of the study are the difficulties in modelling indirect vaccine effects (herd effect and serotype replacement), the absence of PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>- and PCV-13-specific efficacy data and a lack of comprehensive NTHi surveillance data. Additional limitations relate to the fact that the transmission dynamics of pneumococcal serotypes have not been modelled, nor has antibiotic resistance been accounted for in this paper. This cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that, in Canada and the UK, PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>'s potential to protect against NTHi infections could provide a greater impact on overall disease burden than</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EPJWC.17510004H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EPJWC.17510004H"><span>Non-perturbative determination of <span class="hlt">cV</span>, ZV and ZS/ZP in Nf = 3 lattice QCD</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Heitger, Jochen; Joswig, Fabian; Vladikas, Anastassios; Wittemeier, Christian</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>We report on non-perturbative computations of the improvement coefficient <span class="hlt">cV</span> and the renormalization factor ZV of the vector current in three-flavour O(a) improved lattice QCD with Wilson quarks and tree-level Symanzik improved gauge action. To reduce finite quark mass effects, our improvement and normalization conditions exploit massive chiral Ward identities formulated in the Schrödinger functional setup, which also allow deriving a new method to extract the ratio ZS/ZP of scalar to pseudoscalar renormalization constants. We present preliminary results of a numerical evaluation of ZV and <span class="hlt">cV</span> along a line of constant physics with gauge couplings corresponding to lattice spacings of about 0:09 fm and below, relevant for phenomenological applications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22357129-banana-project-misaligned-precessing-stellar-rotation-axes-cv-velorum','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22357129-banana-project-misaligned-precessing-stellar-rotation-axes-cv-velorum"><span>The BANANA project. V. Misaligned and precessing stellar rotation axes in <span class="hlt">CV</span> Velorum</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Albrecht, Simon; Winn, Joshua N.; Triaud, Amaury</p> <p></p> <p>As part of the Binaries Are Not Always Neatly Aligned project (BANANA), we have found that the eclipsing binary <span class="hlt">CV</span> Velorum has misaligned rotation axes. Based on our analysis of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect, we find sky-projected spin-orbit angles of β{sub p} = –52° ± 6° and β{sub s} = 3° ± 7° for the primary and secondary stars (B<span class="hlt">2</span>.5V + B<span class="hlt">2</span>.5V, P = 6.9 days). We combine this information with several measurements of changing projected stellar rotation speeds (vsin i {sub *}) over the last 30 yr, leading to a model in which the primary star's obliquity is ≈65°, andmore » its spin axis precesses around the total angular momentum vector with a period of about 140 yr. The geometry of the secondary star is less clear, although a significant obliquity is also implicated <span class="hlt">by</span> the observed time variations in the vsin i {sub *}. <span class="hlt">By</span> integrating the secular tidal evolution equations backward in time, we find that the system could have evolved from a state of even stronger misalignment similar to DI Herculis, a younger but otherwise comparable binary.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19194724','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19194724"><span>Temperature is the key to altitudinal variation of phenolics in Arnica montana L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. ARBO.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Albert, Andreas; Sareedenchai, Vipaporn; Heller, Werner; Seidlitz, Harald K; Zidorn, Christian</p> <p>2009-05-01</p> <p>Plants in alpine habitats are exposed to many environmental stresses, in particular temperature and radiation extremes. Recent field experiments on Arnica montana L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. ARBO indicated pronounced altitudinal variation in plant phenolics. Ortho-diphenolics increased with altitude compared to other phenolic compounds, resulting in an increase in antioxidative capacity of the tissues involved. Factors causing these variations were investigated <span class="hlt">by</span> climate chamber (CC) experiments focusing on temperature and ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation. Plants of A. montana L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. ARBO were grown in CCs under realistic climatic and radiation regimes. Key factors temperature and UV-B radiation were altered between different groups of plants. Subsequently, flowering heads were analyzed <span class="hlt">by</span> HPLC for their contents of flavonoids and caffeic acid derivatives. Surprisingly, increased UV-B radiation did not trigger any change in phenolic metabolites in Arnica. In contrast, a pronounced increase in the ratio of B-ring ortho-diphenolic (quercetin) compared to B-ring monophenolic (kaempferol) flavonols resulted from a decrease in temperature <span class="hlt">by</span> 5 degrees C in the applied climate regime. In conclusion, enhanced UV-B radiation is probably not the key factor triggering shifts in the phenolic composition in Arnica grown at higher altitudes but rather temperature, which decreases with altitude.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20709726','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20709726"><span>NMR metabolomics of esca disease-affected Vitis vinifera <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Alvarinho leaves.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lima, Marta R M; Felgueiras, Mafalda L; Graça, Gonçalo; Rodrigues, João E A; Barros, António; Gil, Ana M; Dias, Alberto C P</p> <p>2010-09-01</p> <p>Esca is a destructive disease that affects vineyards leading to important losses in wine production. Information about the response of Vitis vinifera plants to this disease is scarce, particularly concerning changes in plant metabolism. In order to study the metabolic changes in Vitis plants affected <span class="hlt">by</span> esca, leaves from both infected and non-affected cordons of V. vinifera <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Alvarinho (collected in the Vinho Verde region, Portugal) were analysed. The metabolite composition of leaves from infected cordons with visible symptoms [diseased leaves (dl)] and from asymptomatic cordons [healthy leaves (hl)] was evaluated <span class="hlt">by</span> 1D and <span class="hlt">2</span>D (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the NMR spectra showed a clear separation between dl and hl leaves, indicating differential compound production due to the esca disease. NMR/PCA analysis allowed the identification of specific compounds characterizing each group, and the corresponding metabolic pathways are discussed. Altogether, the study revealed a significant increase of phenolic compounds in dl, compared with hl, accompanied <span class="hlt">by</span> a decrease in carbohydrates, suggesting that dl are rerouting carbon and energy from primary to secondary metabolism. Other metabolic alterations detected comprised increased levels of methanol, alanine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid in dl, which might be the result of the activation of other defence mechanisms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26108783','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26108783"><span>Coniferyl alcohol hinders the growth of tobacco <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cells and Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Väisänen, Enni E; Smeds, Annika I; Fagerstedt, Kurt V; Teeri, Teemu H; Willför, Stefan M; Kärkönen, Anna</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p>Externally added coniferyl alcohol at high concentrations reduces the growth of Nicotiana cells and seedlings. Coniferyl alcohol is metabolized <span class="hlt">by</span> <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cells to several compounds. Coniferyl alcohol (CA) is a common monolignol and a building block of lignin. The toxicity of monolignol alcohols has been stated in the literature, but there are only few studies suggesting that this is true. We investigated the physiological effects of CA on living plant cells in more detail. Tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) Bright yellow-<span class="hlt">2</span> cells (<span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span>) and Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings both showed concentration-dependent growth retardation in response to 0.5-5 mM CA treatment. In some cases, CA addition caused cell death in <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cultures, but this response was dependent on the growth stage of the cells. Based on LC-MS/MS analysis, <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cells did not accumulate the externally supplemented CA, but metabolized it to ferulic acid, ferulic acid glycoside, coniferin, and to some other phenolic compounds. In addition to growth inhibition, CA caused the formation of a lignin-like compound detected <span class="hlt">by</span> phloroglucinol staining in N. benthamiana roots and occasionally in <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cells. To prevent this, we added potassium iodide (KI, at 5 mM) to overcome the peroxidase-mediated CA polymerization to lignin. KI had, however, toxic effects on its own: in N. benthamiana seedlings, it caused reduction in growth; in <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cells, reduction in growth and cell viability. Surprisingly, CA restored the growth of KI-treated <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cells and N. benthamiana seedlings. Our results suggest that CA at high concentrations is toxic to plant cells.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17280708','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17280708"><span>The influence of EDDS and EDTA on the uptake of heavy metals of Cd and Cu from soil with tobacco Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Evangelou, Michael W H; Bauer, Uwe; Ebel, Mathias; Schaeffer, Andreas</p> <p>2007-06-01</p> <p>Phytoextraction, the use of plants to extract contaminants from soils and groundwater, is a promising approach for cleaning up soils contaminated with heavy metals. In order to enhance phytoextraction the use of chelating agents has been proposed. This study aims to assess whether ethylene diamine disuccinate (EDDS), a biodegradable chelator, can be used for enhanced phytoextraction purposed, as an alternative to ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA). EDDS revealed a higher toxicity to tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) in comparison to EDTA, but no toxicity to microorganisms. The uptake of Cu was increased <span class="hlt">by</span> the addition of EDTA and EDDS, while no increase was observed in the uptake of Cd. Both chelating agents showed a very low root to shoot translocation capability and the translocation factor was lower than the one of the control. Heavy metals where significantly more phytoavailable than in the control, even after harvesting, resulting in a high heavy metal leaching possibility, probably owing to a low biodegradation rate of EDDS. New seedlings which were transplanted into the EDDS treated pots 7d after the phytoextraction experiment, showed signs of necrosis and chlorosis, which resulted in a significantly lower biomass in comparison to the control. The seedlings on the EDTA treated pots showed no toxicity signs. Contrary to previous opinions the results of this study revealed the chelating agents EDTA and EDDS as unsuitable for enhanced phytoextraction using tobacco.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29156563','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29156563"><span>WNT Inhibitory Activity of Malus Pumila miller <span class="hlt">cv</span> Annurca and Malus domestica <span class="hlt">cv</span> Limoncella Apple Extracts on Human Colon-Rectal Cells Carrying Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Mutations.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Riccio, Gennaro; Maisto, Maria; Bottone, Sara; Badolati, Nadia; Rossi, Giovanni Battista; Tenore, Gian Carlo; Stornaiuolo, Mariano; Novellino, Ettore</p> <p>2017-11-18</p> <p>Inhibitors of the Wingless-related Integration site (WNT)/β-catenin pathway have recently been under consideration as potential chemopreventive agents against Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP). This autosomal-dominant syndrome is caused <span class="hlt">by</span> germline mutations in the gene coding for the protein APC and leads to hyperactivation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, uncontrolled intestinal cell proliferation and formation of adenocarcinomas. The aim of the present work was to: (i) test, on in vitro cultures of cells carrying FAP mutations and on ex vivo biopsies of FAP patients, the WNT inhibitory activity of extracts from two common southern Italian apples, Malus pumila Miller <span class="hlt">cv</span>. 'Annurca' and Malus domestica <span class="hlt">cv</span> 'Limoncella'; (ii) identify the mechanisms underpinning their activities and; (iii) evaluate their potency upon gastrointestinal digestion. We here show that both Annurca and Limoncella apple extracts act as WNT inhibitors, mostly thanks to their polyphenolic contents. They inhibit the pathway in colon cells carrying FAP mutations with active dilutions falling in ranges close to consumer-relevant concentrations. Food-grade manufacturing of apple extracts increases their WNT inhibitory activity as result of the conversion of quercetin glycosides into the aglycone quercetin, a potent WNT inhibitor absent in the fresh fruit extract. However, in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion severely affected WNT inhibitory activity of apple extracts, as result of a loss of polyphenols. In conclusion, our results show that apple extracts inhibit the WNT pathway in colon cells carrying FAP mutations and represent a potential nutraceutical alternative for the treatment of this pathology. Enteric coating is advisable to preserve the activity of the extracts in the colon-rectal section of the digestive tract.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5707734','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5707734"><span>WNT Inhibitory Activity of Malus Pumila miller <span class="hlt">cv</span> Annurca and Malus domestica <span class="hlt">cv</span> Limoncella Apple Extracts on Human Colon-Rectal Cells Carrying Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Mutations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Maisto, Maria; Bottone, Sara; Badolati, Nadia; Rossi, Giovanni Battista; Novellino, Ettore</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Inhibitors of the Wingless-related Integration site (WNT)/β-catenin pathway have recently been under consideration as potential chemopreventive agents against Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP). This autosomal-dominant syndrome is caused <span class="hlt">by</span> germline mutations in the gene coding for the protein APC and leads to hyperactivation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, uncontrolled intestinal cell proliferation and formation of adenocarcinomas. The aim of the present work was to: (i) test, on in vitro cultures of cells carrying FAP mutations and on ex vivo biopsies of FAP patients, the WNT inhibitory activity of extracts from two common southern Italian apples, Malus pumila Miller <span class="hlt">cv</span>. ‘Annurca’ and Malus domestica <span class="hlt">cv</span> ‘Limoncella’; (ii) identify the mechanisms underpinning their activities and; (iii) evaluate their potency upon gastrointestinal digestion. We here show that both Annurca and Limoncella apple extracts act as WNT inhibitors, mostly thanks to their polyphenolic contents. They inhibit the pathway in colon cells carrying FAP mutations with active dilutions falling in ranges close to consumer-relevant concentrations. Food-grade manufacturing of apple extracts increases their WNT inhibitory activity as result of the conversion of quercetin glycosides into the aglycone quercetin, a potent WNT inhibitor absent in the fresh fruit extract. However, in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion severely affected WNT inhibitory activity of apple extracts, as result of a loss of polyphenols. In conclusion, our results show that apple extracts inhibit the WNT pathway in colon cells carrying FAP mutations and represent a potential nutraceutical alternative for the treatment of this pathology. Enteric coating is advisable to preserve the activity of the extracts in the colon-rectal section of the digestive tract. PMID:29156563</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160013530','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160013530"><span>James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Integrated Science Instruments Module (ISIM) Cryo-Vacuum (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) Test Campaign Summary</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Yew, Calinda; Lui, Yan; Whitehouse, Paul; Banks, Kimberly</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>JWST Integrated Science Instruments Module (ISIM) completed its system-level space simulation testing program at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). In March 2016, ISIM was successfully delivered to the next level of integration with the Optical Telescope Element (OTE), to form OTIS (OTE + ISIM), after concluding a series of three cryo-vacuum (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) tests. During these tests, the complexity of the mission has generated challenging requirements that demand highly reliable system performance and capabilities from the Space Environment Simulator (SES) vacuum chamber. The first test served as a risk reduction test; the second test provided the initial verification of the fully-integrated flight instruments; and the third test verified the system in its final flight configuration following mechanical environmental tests (vibration and acoustics). From one test to the next, shortcomings of the facility were uncovered and associated improvements in operational capabilities and reliability of the facility were required to enable the project to verify system-level requirements. This paper: (1) provides an overview of the integrated mechanical and thermal facility systems required to achieve the objectives of JWST ISIM testing, (<span class="hlt">2</span>) compares the overall facility performance and instrumentation results from the three ISIM <span class="hlt">CV</span> tests, and (3) summarizes lessons learned from the ISIM testing campaign.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.4243C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.4243C"><span>Detection of CO<span class="hlt">2</span> leakage <span class="hlt">by</span> the surface-soil CO<span class="hlt">2</span>-concentration monitoring (SCM) system in a small scale CO<span class="hlt">2</span> release test</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chae, Gitak; Yu, Soonyoung; Sung, Ki-Sung; Choi, Byoung-Young; Park, Jinyoung; Han, Raehee; Kim, Jeong-Chan; Park, Kwon Gyu</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>Monitoring of CO<span class="hlt">2</span> release through the ground surface is essential to testify the safety of CO<span class="hlt">2</span> storage projects. We conducted a feasibility study of the multi-channel surface-soil CO<span class="hlt">2</span>-concentration monitoring (SCM) system as a soil CO<span class="hlt">2</span> monitoring tool with a small scale injection. In the system, chambers are attached onto the ground surface, and NDIR sensors installed in each chamber detect CO<span class="hlt">2</span> in soil gas released through the soil surface. Before injection, the background CO<span class="hlt">2</span> concentrations were measured. They showed the distinct diurnal variation, and were positively related with relative humidity, but negatively with temperature. The negative relation of CO<span class="hlt">2</span> measurements with temperature and the low CO<span class="hlt">2</span> concentrations during the day imply that CO<span class="hlt">2</span> depends on respiration. The daily variation of CO<span class="hlt">2</span> concentrations was damped with precipitation, which can be explained <span class="hlt">by</span> dissolution of CO<span class="hlt">2</span> and gas release out of pores through the ground surface with recharge. For the injection test, 4.<span class="hlt">2</span> kg of CO<span class="hlt">2</span> was injected 1 m below the ground for about 30 minutes. In result, CO<span class="hlt">2</span> concentrations increased in all five chambers, which were located less than <span class="hlt">2</span>.5 m of distance from an injection point. The Chamber 1, which is closest to the injection point, showed the largest increase of CO<span class="hlt">2</span> concentrations; while Chamber <span class="hlt">2</span>, 3, and 4 showed the peak which is <span class="hlt">2</span> times higher than the average of background CO<span class="hlt">2</span>. The CO<span class="hlt">2</span> concentrations increased back after decreasing from the peak around 4 hours after the injection ended in Chamber <span class="hlt">2</span>, 4, and 5, which indicated that CO<span class="hlt">2</span> concentrations seem to be recovered to the background around 4 hours after the injection ended. To determine the leakage, the data in Chamber <span class="hlt">2</span> and 5, which had low increase rates in the CO<span class="hlt">2</span> injection test, were used for statistical analysis. The result shows that the coefficient of variation (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) of CO<span class="hlt">2</span> measurements for 30 minutes is efficient to determine a leakage signal, with reflecting the abnormal change in CO<span class="hlt">2</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19279181','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19279181"><span>Cervid herpesvirus <span class="hlt">2</span> causes respiratory and fetal infections in semidomesticated reindeer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>das Neves, Carlos G; Rimstad, Espen; Tryland, Morten</p> <p>2009-05-01</p> <p>Members of the viral subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae establish latency from which they can be reactivated. Bovine herpesvirus 1 causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis in cattle, as well as abortion and weak calves. Serological evidence of alphaherpesvirus infection has been reported for wild and semidomesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Norway. To address the possibility that reindeer alphaherpesvirus (cervid herpesvirus <span class="hlt">2</span> [<span class="hlt">Cv</span>HV-<span class="hlt">2</span>]) infection might affect the respiratory system and in part explain the relatively high mortality of reindeer calves during their first year, tissue samples were obtained from reindeer and reindeer fetuses at slaughterhouses in Finnmark County, Norway. A nested pan-alphaherpesvirus PCR amplification targeting the highly conserved UL27 gene (encoding glycoprotein B) was used. Sequencing of amplicons revealed the presence of <span class="hlt">Cv</span>HV-<span class="hlt">2</span> DNA. The detection of <span class="hlt">Cv</span>HV-<span class="hlt">2</span> DNA in trigeminal ganglia (27 of 143 samples), nasal swabs (5 of 75 samples), and fetal tissues (12 of 48 samples) indicates that <span class="hlt">Cv</span>HV-<span class="hlt">2</span> infection is endemic in this reindeer population. Moreover, the virus is transmitted horizontally <span class="hlt">by</span> the respiratory route, establishing latency in the trigeminal ganglion, and vertically to the fetus through the placenta. Further studies should focus on the reproductive impact of <span class="hlt">Cv</span>HV-<span class="hlt">2</span> infection in reindeer.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19760029858&hterms=papers+scientists&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dpapers%2Bscientists','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19760029858&hterms=papers+scientists&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dpapers%2Bscientists"><span>NASA/ESA <span class="hlt">CV</span>-990 airborne simulation of Spacelab</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mulholland, D.; Neel, C.; De Waard, J.; Lovelett, R.; Weaver, L.; Parker, R.</p> <p>1975-01-01</p> <p>The paper describes the joint NASA/ESA extensive Spacelab simulation using the NASA <span class="hlt">CV</span>-990 airborne laboratory. The scientific payload was selected to conduct studies in upper atmospheric physics and infrared astronomy. Two experiment operators from Europe and two from the U.S. were selected to live aboard the aircraft along with a mission manager for a six-day period and operate the experiments in behalf of the principal scientists. The mission was successful and provided extensive data relevant to Spacelab objectives on overall management of a complex international payload; experiment preparation, testing, and integration; training for proxy operation in space; data handling; multiexperimenter use of common experimenter facilities (telescopes); and schedule requirements to prepare for such a Spacelab mission.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26858569','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26858569"><span>Improvement of efficient in vitro regeneration potential of mature callus induced from Malaysian upland rice seed (Oryza sativa <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Panderas).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mohd Din, Abd Rahman Jabir; Iliyas Ahmad, Fauziah; Wagiran, Alina; Abd Samad, Azman; Rahmat, Zaidah; Sarmidi, Mohamad Roji</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>A new and rapid protocol for optimum callus production and complete plant regeneration has been assessed in Malaysian upland rice (Oryza sativa) <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Panderas. The effect of plant growth regulator (PGR) on the regeneration frequency of Malaysian upland rice (<span class="hlt">cv</span>. Panderas) was investigated. Mature seeds were used as a starting material for callus induction experiment using various concentrations of <span class="hlt">2</span>,4-D and NAA. Optimal callus induction frequency at 90% was obtained on MS media containing <span class="hlt">2</span>,4-D (3 mg L(-1)) and NAA (<span class="hlt">2</span> mg L(-1)) after 6 weeks while no significant difference was seen on tryptophan and glutamine parameters. Embryogenic callus was recorded as compact, globular and light yellowish in color. The embryogenic callus morphology was further confirmed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. For regeneration, induced calli were treated with various concentrations of Kin (0.5-1.5 mg L(-1)), BAP, NAA and 0.5 mg L(-1) of TDZ. The result showed that the maximum regeneration frequency (100%) was achieved on MS medium containing BAP (0.5 mg L(-1)), Kin (1.5 mg L(-1)), NAA (0.5 mg L(-1)) and TDZ (0.5 mg L(-1)) within four weeks. Developed shoots were successfully rooted on half strength MS free hormone medium and later transferred into a pot containing soil for acclimatization. This cutting-edge finding is unique over the other existing publishable data due to the good regeneration response <span class="hlt">by</span> producing a large number of shoots.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18986729','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18986729"><span>The aux1 gene of the Ri plasmid is sufficient to confer auxin autotrophy in tobacco <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nemoto, Keiichirou; Hara, Masamitsu; Goto, Shingo; Kasai, Kouji; Seki, Hikaru; Suzuki, Masashi; Oka, Atsuhiro; Muranaka, Toshiya; Mano, Yoshihiro</p> <p>2009-05-01</p> <p>Tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) Bright Yellow-<span class="hlt">2</span> (<span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span>) cells are rapidly proliferating meristematic cells that require auxin for culture in vitro. We have established several transgenic <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cell lines that carry the T-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834, which harbors an agropine-type root-inducing (Ri) plasmid. Two of these lines, BYHR-3 and BYHR-7, were used to test the role of auxin in the proliferation of plant cells. The lines grew rapidly in Linsmaier-Skoog (LS) medium lacking auxin and other phytohormones. The TR-DNA, containing the aux1 (tryptophan monooxygenase) and aux<span class="hlt">2</span> (indoleacetamide hydrolase) genes, was present in the genomes of both transgenic lines, whereas the TL-DNA, containing the rolA, B, C and D genes, was present in the genome of BYHR-7 but not BYHR-3. Since the introduction of the rolABCD genes alone did not affect the auxin requirement of <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cells, the aux1 and aux<span class="hlt">2</span> genes, but not the rolABCD genes, appear to be relevant to the auxin autotrophy of these transgenic lines. Furthermore, the overexpression of aux1 allowed <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cells to grow rapidly in the absence of auxin, suggesting the existence in plant cells of an unidentified gene whose product is functionally equivalent or similar to that of aux<span class="hlt">2</span> of the Ri plasmid.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=240130','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=240130"><span>Two synthetic Sp1-binding sites functionally substitute for the 21-base-pair repeat region to activate simian virus 40 growth in <span class="hlt">CV</span>-1 cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lednicky, J; Folk, W R</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>The 21-bp repeat region of simian virus 40 (SV40) activates viral transcription and DNA replication and contains binding sites for many cellular proteins, including Sp1, LSF, ETF, Ap<span class="hlt">2</span>, Ap4, GT-1B, H16, and p53, and for the SV40 large tumor antigen. We have attempted to reduce the complexity of this region while maintaining its growth-promoting capacity. Deletion of the 21-bp repeat region from the SV40 genome delays the expression of viral early proteins and DNA replication and reduces virus production in <span class="hlt">CV</span>-1 cells. Replacement of the 21-bp repeat region with two copies of DNA sequence motifs bound with high affinities <span class="hlt">by</span> Sp1 promotes SV40 growth in <span class="hlt">CV</span>-1 cells to nearly wild-type levels, but substitution <span class="hlt">by</span> motifs bound less avidly <span class="hlt">by</span> Sp1 or bound <span class="hlt">by</span> other activator proteins does not restore growth. This indicates that Sp1 or a protein with similar sequence specificity is primarily responsible for the function of the 21-bp repeat region. We speculate about how Sp1 activates both SV40 transcription and DNA replication. Images PMID:1328672</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19750054714&hterms=Wolf+Rayet+star&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3DWolf%253FRayet%2Bstar','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19750054714&hterms=Wolf+Rayet+star&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3DWolf%253FRayet%2Bstar"><span>The light curve of <span class="hlt">CV</span> Serpentis, the sometimes-eclipsing Wolf-Rayet star</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Schild, R.; Liller, W.</p> <p>1975-01-01</p> <p>New photoelectric observations of the B-magnitude of <span class="hlt">CV</span> Ser made in 1973 and 1974 show no clear evidence of an eclipse, but they establish night-to-night variability of several percent, a systematic brightness change of 0.035 mag during a portion of the single orbit observed in 1973, and irregular flaring in 1974. We made iris photometer measurements of Harvard patrol plates taken between 1905 June and 1953 July, and find no evidence of a very deep eclipse such as observed <span class="hlt">by</span> Hjellming and Hiltner. We present several new light curves and discuss then in the light of the recent results of Cowley et al.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3277488','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3277488"><span>Saxagliptin for the treatment of type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes mellitus: assessing cardiovascular data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Patients with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes mellitus (T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM) are at high risk for cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) disease; however, conclusive evidence that glycemic control leads to improved cardiovascular outcomes is lacking. Saxagliptin is a potent, selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor approved as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM. Saxagliptin was evaluated in a series of phase III trials as monotherapy; add-on therapy to metformin, a sulfonylurea, or a thiazolidinedione; and as initial therapy in combination with metformin. Saxagliptin consistently improved glycemic control (as reflected <span class="hlt">by</span> significant decreases in glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, and postprandial glucose compared with controls) and was generally well tolerated. In these analyses, saxagliptin had clinically neutral effects on body weight, blood pressure, lipid levels, and other markers of <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk compared with controls. A retrospective meta-analysis of 8 phase II and phase III trials found no evidence that saxagliptin increases <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk in patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM (Cox proportional hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.23-0.80 for major adverse cardiovascular events retrospectively adjudicated). Instead, it raised the hypothesis that saxagliptin may reduce the risk of major adverse <span class="hlt">CV</span> events. A long-term <span class="hlt">CV</span> outcome trial, Saxagliptin Assessment of Vascular Outcomes Recorded in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus-THrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 53 (SAVOR-TIMI 53) is currently ongoing to determine whether saxagliptin reduces <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk in T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM. PMID:22248301</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25509730','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25509730"><span>[Medicinal vesiculation combined with quick cupping at Shenque (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 8) for allergic rhinitis with syndrome of yang deficiency: a randomized controlled trial].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ke, Zheng-hua; Long, Sheng-hua</p> <p>2014-09-01</p> <p>To compare the clinical efficacy differences between medicinal vesiculation combined with quick cupping at Shenque (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 8) and regular medication for allergic rhinitis with syndrome of yang deficiency. Eighty-two cases were randomly divided into an observation group (42 cases) and a control group (40 cases). The observation group was treated with medicinal vesiculation combined with quick cupping at Shenque (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 8). The medicinal vesiculation was applied at Feishu (BL 13), Gaohuang (BL 43), Fengmen (BL 12), Mingmen (GV 4) on the dog days in the summer, one treatment on the 1st dog-day, <span class="hlt">2</span>nd dog-day and last dog-day respectively with an interval of 10 days between two treatments. Three treatments were taken as one course, and totally one course was given. The quick cupping was applied at Shenque (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 8), once a day, ten treatments were taken as one course, and totally three courses was given. The control group was treated with oral administration of loratadine and nasal spray of budesonide. The loratadine was given 10 mg per time, once a day for continuous 14 days; budesonide was given once a day, ten treatments were taken as one course, and totally three courses was given. The clinical efficacy in two groups after treatment was observed, and the contents of immune globulin E (IgE), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in peripheral serum were measured before and after the treatments. Of all the 82 patients, 79 cases completed the treatment, and 1 patient in the observation group and <span class="hlt">2</span> patients in the control group dropped out. The effective rate was 87.8% (36/41) in the observation group, which was superior to 78.9% (30/38) in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, both groups effectively reduced the contents of IgE, IL-4, IL-5 and TNF-α, and the observation group had superior effect on reducing IgE and IL-4 to the control group (P<0.05). The medicinal vesiculation combined with quick cupping at Shenque (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 8) have</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28510870','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28510870"><span>Factors affecting ozone sensitivity of tobacco Bel-W3 seedlings.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cheng, Ji-Fang; Sun, En-Jang</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Since 1962, the tobacco variety Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Bel-W3 has been used worldwide as an ozone (O3) bio-indicator. The use of indicator plants to monitor O3 pollution has proven problematic when trying to correlate the severity of injury to ambient O3 concentration. The aim of the present study was to study factors affecting the O3 sensitivity of Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Bel-W3 seedlings. In chronic O3 pre-exposure tests, tobacco plants were cultured from seeds in charcoal-filtered air (CF) and noncharcoal-filtered ambient air (NF) for 21 days. During these periods, the mean O3 concentrations of the CF and NF treatments were 5.5 ± 0.<span class="hlt">2</span> and 14.7 ± 0.4 ppb h -1 , respectively (p < 0.001). At the end of the culturing period, no O3-induced foliar injury was observed in any of the plants. The O3 sensitivity of the tobacco plants was determined <span class="hlt">by</span> exposing the plants to 150 ppb O3 for 8 hours in a fumigation chamber. The leaf injury index percentages (LII%) of indicator plants via the CF and NF treatments were 58.0 ± 3.<span class="hlt">2</span>% and 43.1 ± 4.0%, respectively (p < 0.01). Twenty-one-day-old tobacco seedlings grown in NF air were used to test the effects of exposed leaves on O3 sensitivity. After removing the cotyledons and all true leaves, the NF seedlings with their apical buds intact were transferred to CF air. After another 7 days of culturing, the newly developed leaves were approximately 1 cm in length. After O3 treatment, the LII% values of the newly developed leaves from the untreated and defoliated seedlings were <span class="hlt">2</span>.5 ± 1.7% and 27.6 ± 1.3%, respectively (p < 0.001). In acute O3 exposure tests, 21-day-old seedlings grown in CF air were fumigated with 150 ppb O3 for 8 hours in one day or for 4 hours/day in two consecutive days. The LII% values for the two groups were 63.5 ± 7.4% and 20.1 ± 4.3%, respectively (p < 0.001). The present findings suggest that plant pre-exposure to O3 is a critical factor influencing</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28804946','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28804946"><span>Coefficient of Variance as Quality Criterion for Evaluation of Advanced Hepatic Fibrosis Using <span class="hlt">2</span>D Shear-Wave Elastography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lim, Sanghyeok; Kim, Seung Hyun; Kim, Yongsoo; Cho, Young Seo; Kim, Tae Yeob; Jeong, Woo Kyoung; Sohn, Joo Hyun</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>To compare the diagnostic performance for advanced hepatic fibrosis measured <span class="hlt">by</span> <span class="hlt">2</span>D shear-wave elastography (SWE), using either the coefficient of variance (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) or the interquartile range divided <span class="hlt">by</span> the median value (IQR/M) as quality criteria. In this retrospective study, from January 2011 to December 2013, 96 patients, who underwent both liver stiffness measurement <span class="hlt">by</span> <span class="hlt">2</span>D SWE and liver biopsy for hepatic fibrosis grading, were enrolled. The diagnostic performances of the <span class="hlt">CV</span> and the IQR/M were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves with areas under the curves (AUCs) and were compared <span class="hlt">by</span> Fisher's Z test, based on matching the cutoff points in an interactive dot diagram. All P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. When using the cutoff value IQR/M of 0.21, the matched cutoff point of <span class="hlt">CV</span> was 20%. When a cutoff value of <span class="hlt">CV</span> of 20% was used, the diagnostic performance for advanced hepatic fibrosis ( ≥ F3 grade) with <span class="hlt">CV</span> of less than 20% was better than that in the group with <span class="hlt">CV</span> greater than or equal to 20% (AUC 0.967 versus 0.786, z statistic = <span class="hlt">2</span>.23, P = .025), whereas when the matched cutoff value IQR/M of 0.21 showed no difference (AUC 0.918 versus 0.927, z statistic = -0.178, P = .859). The validity of liver stiffness measurements made <span class="hlt">by</span> <span class="hlt">2</span>D SWE for assessing advanced hepatic fibrosis may be judged using CVs, and when the <span class="hlt">CV</span> is less than 20% it can be considered "more reliable" than using IQR/M of less than 0.21. © 2017 <span class="hlt">by</span> the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16971215','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16971215"><span>Physiological and biochemical responses resulting from nitrite accumulation in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Ibiza F1).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ezzine, Monia; Ghorbel, Mohamed Habib</p> <p>2006-10-01</p> <p>The sensitivity of hydroponically cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Ibiza F1) submitted to nitrite treatments (0.25-10mM KNO(<span class="hlt">2</span>)) for 7d was studied. Increasing nitrite levels in the culture medium led to several disruptions of tomato plants, reflected <span class="hlt">by</span> reductions of both dry matter per plant, chlorophyll concentrations and the appearance of chlorosis symptoms at the leaf surface. This behaviour was accompanied <span class="hlt">by</span> stimulation of nitrite, nitrate and ammonia ion accumulation, mainly in roots and old leaves. Higher proteolytic and gaiacol peroxidase (GPX, EC. 1.11.1.7) activities and malonyldialdehyde content were also noted. Protein content of the different plant organs was decreased <span class="hlt">by</span> nitrite treatment. These physiological and biochemical parameters were chosen as they are stress indicators. Taken together, our data partly explain the harmful effects of nitrite ions, when excessive in the culture medium.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28986504','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28986504"><span>Causes of Death in a Contemporary Cohort of Patients With Type <span class="hlt">2</span> Diabetes and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Insights From the TECOS Trial.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sharma, Abhinav; Green, Jennifer B; Dunning, Allison; Lokhnygina, Yuliya; Al-Khatib, Sana M; Lopes, Renato D; Buse, John B; Lachin, John M; Van de Werf, Frans; Armstrong, Paul W; Kaufman, Keith D; Standl, Eberhard; Chan, Juliana C N; Distiller, Larry A; Scott, Russell; Peterson, Eric D; Holman, Rury R</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>We evaluated the specific causes of death and their associated risk factors in a contemporary cohort of patients with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We used data from the Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS) study ( n = 14,671), a cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) safety trial adding sitagliptin versus placebo to usual care in patients with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes and ASCVD (median follow-up 3 years). An independent committee blinded to treatment assignment adjudicated each cause of death. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify risk factors associated with each outcome. A total of 1,084 deaths were adjudicated as the following: 530 <span class="hlt">CV</span> (1.<span class="hlt">2</span>/100 patient-years [PY], 49% of deaths), 338 non-<span class="hlt">CV</span> (0.77/100 PY, 31% of deaths), and 216 unknown (0.49/100 PY, 20% of deaths). The most common <span class="hlt">CV</span> death was sudden death ( n = 145, 27% of <span class="hlt">CV</span> death) followed <span class="hlt">by</span> acute myocardial infarction (MI)/stroke ( n = 113 [MI n = 48, stroke n = 65], 21% of <span class="hlt">CV</span> death) and heart failure (HF) ( n = 63, 12% of <span class="hlt">CV</span> death). The most common non-<span class="hlt">CV</span> death was malignancy ( n = 154, 46% of non-<span class="hlt">CV</span> death). The risk of specific <span class="hlt">CV</span> death subcategories was lower among patients with no baseline history of HF, including sudden death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.4; P = 0.0036), MI/stroke death (HR 0.47; P = 0.049), and HF death (HR 0.29; P = 0.0057). In this analysis of a contemporary cohort of patients with diabetes and ASCVD, sudden death was the most common subcategory of <span class="hlt">CV</span> death. HF prevention may represent an avenue to reduce the risk of specific <span class="hlt">CV</span> death subcategories. © 2017 <span class="hlt">by</span> the American Diabetes Association.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29540325','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29540325"><span>Cardiovascular Events Associated With SGLT-<span class="hlt">2</span> Inhibitors Versus Other Glucose-Lowering Drugs: The CVD-REAL <span class="hlt">2</span> Study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kosiborod, Mikhail; Lam, Carolyn S P; Kohsaka, Shun; Kim, Dae Jung; Karasik, Avraham; Shaw, Jonathan; Tangri, Navdeep; Goh, Su-Yen; Thuresson, Marcus; Chen, Hungta; Surmont, Filip; Hammar, Niklas; Fenici, Peter</p> <p>2018-06-12</p> <p>Randomized trials demonstrated a lower risk of cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) events with sodium-glucose cotransporter-<span class="hlt">2</span> inhibitors (SGLT-<span class="hlt">2</span>i) in patients with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes (T<span class="hlt">2</span>D) at high <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk. Prior real-world data suggested similar SGLT-<span class="hlt">2</span>i effects in T<span class="hlt">2</span>D patients with a broader risk profile, but these studies focused on heart failure and death and were limited to the United States and Europe. The purpose of this study was to examine a broad range of <span class="hlt">CV</span> outcomes in patients initiated on SGLT-<span class="hlt">2</span>i versus other glucose-lowering drugs (oGLDs) across 6 countries in the Asia Pacific, the Middle East, and North American regions. New users of SGLT-<span class="hlt">2</span>i and oGLDs were identified via claims, medical records, and national registries in South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Israel, Australia, and Canada. Propensity scores for SGLT-<span class="hlt">2</span>i initiation were developed in each country, with 1:1 matching. Hazard ratios (HRs) for death, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), death or HHF, MI, and stroke were assessed <span class="hlt">by</span> country and pooled using weighted meta-analysis. After propensity-matching, there were 235,064 episodes of treatment initiation in each group; ∼27% had established <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease. Patient characteristics were well-balanced between groups. Dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, ipragliflozin, canagliflozin, tofogliflozin, and luseogliflozin accounted for 75%, 9%, 8%, 4%, 3%, and 1% of exposure time in the SGLT-<span class="hlt">2</span>i group, respectively. Use of SGLT-<span class="hlt">2</span>i versus oGLDs was associated with a lower risk of death (HR: 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.37 to 0.70; p < 0.001), HHF (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.82; p = 0.001), death or HHF (HR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.76; p < 0.001), MI (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.88; p < 0.001), and stroke (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.55 to 0.84; p < 0.001). Results were directionally consistent across both countries and patient subgroups, including those with and without <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease. In this large, international study of patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>D from the Asia Pacific, the Middle</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288244','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288244"><span>Purification and characterization of peroxidase from avocado (Persea americana Mill, <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Hass).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rojas-Reyes, José O; Robles-Olvera, Victor; Carvajal-Zarrabal, Octavio; Castro Matinez, Claudia; Waliszewski, Krzysztof N; Aguilar-Uscanga, María Guadalupe</p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>Avocado (Persea americana Mill, <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Hass) fruit ranks tenth in terms of the most important products for Mexico. Avocado products are quite unstable due to the presence of oxidative enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. The present study is to characterize the activity of purified avocado peroxidase from avocado in order to ascertain the biochemical and kinetic properties and their inhibition conditions. Purification was performed <span class="hlt">by</span> Sephacryl S 200 HR gel filtration chromatography and its estimated molecular weight was 40 kDa. The zymogram showed an isoelectric point of 4.7. Six substrates were tested in order to ascertain the affinity of the enzyme for these substrates. The purified peroxidase was found to have low Km (0.296 mM) and high catalytic efficiency (2688 mM(-1) s(-1)) using <span class="hlt">2,2</span>'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), optimum activity being reached at 51°C, pH 3.8. The addition of dithiothreitol, β-mercaptoethanol, ascorbic acid, sodium azide, L-cysteine and Tween-20 had high inhibitory effects, while metals ions such as Cu(+), Fe(<span class="hlt">2</span>+) and Mn(<span class="hlt">2</span>+) had weak inhibitory activity on purified avocado peroxidase. The purified avocado peroxidase exhibits high inhibition (Ki = 0.37 µM) with 1.97 µM n-propyl gallate using ABTS as substrate at 51°C, pH 3.8 for 10 min. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20180317','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20180317"><span>Control of rotting and browning of Longan fruit <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Biew Kiew after harvested <span class="hlt">by</span> sulphur dioxide treatment under various storage temperatures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chitbanchong, W; Sardsud, V; Whangchai, K; Koslanund, R; Thobunluepop, P</p> <p>2009-11-15</p> <p>The experiment of Longan fruit <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Biew Kiew, untreated (control) and treated with SO<span class="hlt">2</span> treatment were stored under <span class="hlt">2</span> +/- <span class="hlt">2</span> and 7 +/- <span class="hlt">2</span> degrees C for 0, <span class="hlt">2</span>, 4, 6 and 8 weeks were studied. The treatment of fresh longan fruit with SO<span class="hlt">2</span> fumigation combined with the suitable storage condition improved the overall longan fruit quality, especially on inner and outer peel tissue and aril color than no SO<span class="hlt">2</span> treatment. Treatment stabilizes peel color with no subsequent loss of color during storage (fruit color were bright-yellowish color). When the fruit showed during SO<span class="hlt">2</span> treatment, increasing of storage duration and temperatures, the dark color of inner and outer peel of longan fruit was appeared, this was correlated with the increasing of PPO activity. The activity of PPO enzyme in control fruit (no SO<span class="hlt">2</span> treatment) gradually lower than SO<span class="hlt">2</span> treatments. Fruit exposed to cool storage temperature (<span class="hlt">2</span> degrees C) exhibited a lower PPO enzymatic activity compared to those kept in high storage temperature (7 degrees C). Moreover, PPO enzymatic activity significantly increased over the storage durations The additional SO<span class="hlt">2</span> treatment no subsequent loss of weight of longan fruit during storage. However, the sulphite residues could detect immediately after SO<span class="hlt">2</span> treatment in all part of longan fruit, especially on aril tissue. The SEM evaluation found that the surface cracking was also impair the physiological function of the cuticle and increasing water permeability, which may cause water soaking at the inner side of the peel. The injured cell would accelerate the oxidation of phenolic substances and the oxidative products resulted in dark color of inner and outer peel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5288965','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5288965"><span>Antidiabetic and anticancer activities of Mangifera indica <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Okrong leaves</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ganogpichayagrai, Aunyachulee; Palanuvej, Chanida; Ruangrungsi, Nijsiri</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Diabetes and cancer are a major global public health problem. Plant-derived agents with undesirable side-effects were required. This study aimed to evaluate antidiabetic and anticancer activities of the ethanolic leaf extract of Mangifera indica <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Okrong and its active phytochemical compound, mangiferin. Antidiabetic activities against yeast α-glucosidase and rat intestinal α-glucosidase were determined using 1 mM of p-nitro phenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside as substrate. Inhibitory activity against porcine pancreatic α-amylase was performed using 1 mM of <span class="hlt">2</span>-chloro-4 nitrophenol-α-D-maltotroside-3 as substrate. Nitrophenol product was spectrophotometrically measured at 405 nm. Anticancer activity was evaluated against five human cancer cell lines compared to two human normal cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-<span class="hlt">2</span>-yl)-<span class="hlt">2</span>,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Mango leaf extract and mangiferin exhibited dose-dependent inhibition against yeast α-glucosidase with the IC50 of 0.0503 and 0.5813 mg/ml, respectively, against rat α-glucosidase with the IC50 of 1.4528 and 0.4333 mg/ml, respectively, compared to acarbose with the IC50 of 11.9285 and 0.4493 mg/ml, respectively. For anticancer activity, mango leaf extract, at ≥200 μg/ml showed cytotoxic potential against all tested cancer cell lines. In conclusion, mango leaf possessed antidiabetic and anticancer potential in vitro. PMID:28217550</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016APS..MARR28002K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016APS..MARR28002K"><span>Interface investigation of solution processed high- κ ZrO<span class="hlt">2</span>/Si MOS structure <span class="hlt">by</span> DLTS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kumar, Arvind; Mondal, Sandip; Rao, Ksr Koteswara</p> <p></p> <p>The interfacial region is dominating due to the continuous downscaling and integration of high- k oxides in CMOS applications. The accurate characterization of high- k oxides/semiconductor interface has the significant importance towards its usage in memory and thin film devices. The interface traps at the high - k /semiconductor interface can be quantified <span class="hlt">by</span> deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) with better accuracy in contrast to capacitance-voltage (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) and conductance technique. We report the fabrication of high- k ZrO<span class="hlt">2</span> films on p-Si substrate <span class="hlt">by</span> a simple and inexpensive sol-gel spin-coating technique. Further, the ZrO<span class="hlt">2</span>/Si interface is characterized through DLTS. The flat-band voltage (VFB) and the density of slow interface states (oxide trapped charges) extracted from <span class="hlt">CV</span> characteristics are 0.37 V and <span class="hlt">2</span>x10- 11 C/cm<span class="hlt">2</span>, respectively. The activation energy, interface state density and capture cross-section quantified <span class="hlt">by</span> DLTS are EV + 0.42 eV, 3.4x1011 eV- 1 cm- <span class="hlt">2</span> and 5.8x10- 18 cm<span class="hlt">2</span>, respectively. The high quality ZrO<span class="hlt">2</span> films own high dielectric constant 15 with low leakage current density might be an appropriate insulating layer in future electronic application. The low value of interface state density and capture cross-section are the indication of high quality interface and the defect present at the interface may not affect the device performance to a great extent. The DLTS study provides a broad understanding about the traps present at the interface of spin-coated ZrO<span class="hlt">2</span>/Si.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16653207','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16653207"><span>Coordinate regulation of cytochrome and alternative pathway respiration in tobacco.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Vanlerberghe, G C; McIntosh, L</p> <p>1992-12-01</p> <p>In suspension cells of NT1 tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L. <span class="hlt">cv</span> bright yellow), inhibition of the cytochrome pathway of respiration with antimycin A induced a large increase in the capacity of the alternative pathway over a period of approximately 12 h, as confirmed in both whole cells and isolated mitochondria. The increase in alternative pathway capacity required de novo RNA and protein synthesis and correlated closely with the increase of a 35-kD alternative oxidase protein. When the cytochrome pathway of intact cells was inhibited <span class="hlt">by</span> antimycin A, respiration proceeded exclusively through the alternative pathway, reached rates significantly higher than before antimycin A addition, and was not stimulated <span class="hlt">by</span> p-trifluoromethoxycarbonylcyanide (FCCP). When inhibition of the cytochrome pathway was relieved, alternative pathway capacity and the level of the 35-kD alternative oxidase protein declined. Respiration rate also declined and could once again be stimulated <span class="hlt">by</span> FCCP. These observations show that the capacities of the mitochondrial electron transport pathways can be regulated in a coordinate fashion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17602276','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17602276"><span>New aspects of membrane dynamics of Amoeba proteus contractile vacuole revealed <span class="hlt">by</span> vital staining with FM 4-64.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nishihara, E; Shimmen, T; Sonobe, S</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>The contractile vacuole (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) cycle of Amoeba proteus has been studied <span class="hlt">by</span> phase contrast and electron microscopy. However, the understanding of membrane dynamics in this cycle is still poor. In this study, we used live imaging <span class="hlt">by</span> fluorescence microscopy to obtain new insights. We succeeded in staining the <span class="hlt">CV</span> with a styryl dye, FM 4-64 (N-(3-triethylammoniumpropyl)-4-(6-(4-(diethylamino)phenyl)hexatrienyl)pyridinium dibromide), and obtained the following results. (1) The <span class="hlt">CV</span> membrane was directly stained with the dye in the external medium when the <span class="hlt">CV</span> pore opened upon contraction. This indicates that transfer of plasma membrane to the <span class="hlt">CV</span> does not occur. (<span class="hlt">2</span>) The membrane dynamics during the <span class="hlt">CV</span> cycle were elucidated. In particular, the fluorescent <span class="hlt">CV</span> membrane was maintained as an aggregate just after contraction and the vacuole re-formed from the aggregate. Staining was maintained during continued contraction cycles. We conclude that the <span class="hlt">CV</span> membrane is maintained during the <span class="hlt">CV</span> cycle.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011REDS..166..313S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011REDS..166..313S"><span>DLTS and in situ <span class="hlt">C-V</span> analysis of trap parameters in swift 50 MeV Li3+ ion-irradiated Ni/SiO<span class="hlt">2</span>/Si MOS capacitors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shashank, N.; Singh, Vikram; Gupta, Sanjeev K.; Madhu, K. V.; Akhtar, J.; Damle, R.</p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>Ni/SiO<span class="hlt">2</span>/Si MOS structures were fabricated on n-type Si wafers and were irradiated with 50 MeV Li3+ ions with fluences ranging from 1×1010 to 1×1012 ions/cm<span class="hlt">2</span>. High frequency <span class="hlt">C-V</span> characteristics are studied in situ to estimate the build-up of fixed and oxide charges. The nature of the charge build-up with ion fluence is analyzed. Defect levels in bulk Si and its properties such as activation energy, capture cross-section, trap concentration and carrier lifetimes are studied using deep-level transient spectroscopy. Electron traps with energies ranging from 0.069 to 0.523 eV are observed in Li ion-irradiated devices. The dependence of series resistance, substrate doping and accumulation capacitance on Li ion fluence are clearly explained. The study of dielectric properties (tan δ and quality factor) confirms the degradation of the oxide layer to a greater extent due to ion irradiation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..333a2109T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..333a2109T"><span>Sign Language Translator Application Using Open<span class="hlt">CV</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Triyono, L.; Pratisto, E. H.; Bawono, S. A. T.; Purnomo, F. A.; Yudhanto, Y.; Raharjo, B.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>This research focuses on the development of sign language translator application using Open<span class="hlt">CV</span> Android based, this application is based on the difference in color. The author also utilizes Support Machine Learning to predict the label. Results of the research showed that the coordinates of the fingertip search methods can be used to recognize a hand gesture to the conditions contained open arms while to figure gesture with the hand clenched using search methods Hu Moments value. Fingertip methods more resilient in gesture recognition with a higher success rate is 95% on the distance variation is 35 cm and 55 cm and variations of light intensity of approximately 90 lux and 100 lux and light green background plain condition compared with the Hu Moments method with the same parameters and the percentage of success of 40%. While the background of outdoor environment applications still can not be used with a success rate of only 6 managed and the rest failed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27860474','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27860474"><span>[Phenolic compounds in leaves insertions of Mentha × villosa Huds. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Snežná].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tekeľová, Daniela; Bittner Fialová, Silvia; Tóth, Jaroslav; Czigle, Szilvia</p> <p></p> <p>Lamiaceae plants mostly accumulate active ingredients in their leaves. The subfamily Nepetoideae, including the genus Mentha L., is characterized <span class="hlt">by</span> the presence of essential oil and antioxidant phenolics, chiefly hydroxycinnamic acids with predominance of rosmarinic acid, and flavonoids. Mentha × piperita and M. spicata are the most broadly used mints in both medicine and industry, while M. x villosa is less known in our country. Herbal drugs in the form of leaves are usually analysed unpartitioned, while single leaves insertions have only been studied occasionally. Therefore, the aim of this work was the quantification of the active compounds content in the leaves pairs of Mentha × villosa Huds. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Snežná, using pharmacopoeial methods: total hydroxycinnamic derivatives expressed as rosmarinic acid (THD) and luteolin-type flavonoids. THD content ranged from 6.7% to 9.4% in the leaves pairs water extracts, and from 6.6% to 14.0% in methanol extracts. Flavonoids contents, expressed as luteolin-7-O-glucoside, ranged from 4.0% to 8.8% in water extracts, and from 4.0% to 10.5% in methanol extracts. Antioxidant activity (DPPH) expressed as SC50 ranged from 10.<span class="hlt">2</span> to 16.9 μg.ml-1 (drug dry weight) in water extracts, and from 10.7 to 21.6 μg.ml-1 in methanol extracts. The highest content of phenolic compounds as well as the highest antioxidant activity were found to be in the top sheet, while the lowest content of phenolic compounds and lowest antioxidant activity were detected in the leaves of the middle stem part.Key words: Mentha × villosa Huds <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Snežná hydroxycinnamic derivatives rosmarinic acid luteolin-7-O-glucoside DPPH.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18633734','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18633734"><span>Properties of a cationic peroxidase from Citrus jambhiri <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Adalia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mohamed, Saleh A; El-Badry, Mohamed O; Drees, Ehab A; Fahmy, Afaf S</p> <p>2008-08-01</p> <p>The major pool of peroxidase activity is present in the peel of some Egyptian citrus species and cultivars compared to the juice and pulp. Citrus jambhiri <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Adalia had the highest peroxidase activity among the examined species. Four anionic and one cationic peroxidase isoenzymes from C. jambhiri were detected using the purification procedure including ammonium sulfate precipitation, chromatography on diethylaminoethanol-cellulose, carboxymethyl-cellulose, and Sephacryl S-200 columns. Cationic peroxidase POII is proved to be pure, and its molecular weight was 56 kDa. A study of substrate specificity identified the physiological role of POII, which catalyzed the oxidation of some phenolic substrates in the order of o-phenylenediamine > guaiacol > o-dianisidine > pyrogallol > catechol. The kinetic parameters (K (m), V (max), and V (max)/K (m)) of POII for hydrolysis toward H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span> and electron donor substrates were studied. The enzyme had pH and temperature optima at 5.5 and 40 degrees C, respectively. POII was stable at 10-40 degrees C and unstable above 50 degrees C. The thermal inactivation profile of POII is biphasic and characterized <span class="hlt">by</span> a rapid decline in activity on exposure to heat. The most of POII activity (70-80%) was lost at 50, 60, and 70 degrees C after 15, 10, and 5 min of incubation, respectively. Most of the examined metal ions had a very slight effect on POII except of Li+, Zn<span class="hlt">2</span>+, and Hg<span class="hlt">2</span>+, which had partial inhibitory effects. In the present study, the instability of peroxidase above 50 degrees C makes the high temperature short time treatment very efficient for the inactivation of peel peroxidase contaminated in orange juice to avoid the formation of off-flavors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DFDL31002C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DFDL31002C"><span>Very-high-Reynolds-number vortex dynamics via Coherent-vorticity-Preserving (<span class="hlt">Cv</span>P) Large-eddy simulations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chapelier, Jean-Baptiste; Wasistho, Bono; Scalo, Carlo</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>A new approach to Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) is introduced, where subgrid-scale (SGS) dissipation is applied proportionally to the degree of local spectral broadening, hence mitigated in regions dominated <span class="hlt">by</span> large-scale vortical motion. The proposed <span class="hlt">Cv</span>P-LES methodology is based on the evaluation of the ratio of the test-filtered to resolved (or grid-filtered) enstrophy: σ = ξ ∧ / ξ . Values of σ = 1 indicate low sub-test-filter turbulent activity, justifying local deactivation of any subgrid-scale model. Values of σ < 1 span conditions ranging from incipient spectral broadening σ <= 1 , to equilibrium turbulence σ =σeq < 1 , where σeq is solely as a function of the test-to-grid filter-width ratio Δ ∧ / Δ , derived assuming a Kolmogorov's spectrum. Eddy viscosity is fully restored for σ <=σeq . The proposed approach removes unnecessary SGS dissipation, can be applied to any eddy-viscosity model, is algorithmically simple and computationally inexpensive. A <span class="hlt">Cv</span>P-LES of a pair of unstable helical vortices, representative of rotor-blade wake dynamics, show the ability of the method to sort the coherent motion from the small-scale dynamics. This work is funded <span class="hlt">by</span> subcontract KSC-17-001 between Purdue University and Kord Technologies, Inc (Huntsville), under the US Navy Contract N68335-17-C-0159 STTR-Phase II, Purdue Proposal No. 00065007, Topic N15A-T002.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26041732','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26041732"><span>Over-expression of Trxo1 increases the viability of tobacco <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cells under H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span> treatment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ortiz-Espín, Ana; Locato, Vittoria; Camejo, Daymi; Schiermeyer, Andreas; De Gara, Laura; Sevilla, Francisca; Jiménez, Ana</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p>Reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydrogen peroxide, play a critical role in the regulation of plant development and in the induction of plant defence responses during stress adaptation, as well as in plant cell death. The antioxidant system is responsible for controlling ROS levels in these processes but redox homeostasis is also a key factor in plant cell metabolism under normal and stress situations. Thioredoxins (Trxs) are ubiquitous small proteins found in different cell compartments, including mitochondria and nuclei (Trxo1), and are involved in the regulation of target proteins through reduction of disulphide bonds, although their role under oxidative stress has been less well studied. This study describes over-expression of a Trxo1 for the first time, using a cell-culture model subjected to an oxidative treatment provoked <span class="hlt">by</span> H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span>. Control and over-expressing PsTrxo1 tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cells were treated with 35 mm H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span> and the effects were analysed <span class="hlt">by</span> studying the growth dynamics of the cultures together with oxidative stress parameters, as well as several components of the antioxidant systems involved in the metabolism of H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span>. Analysis of different hallmarks of programmed cell death was also carried out. Over-expression of PsTrxo1 caused significant differences in the response of TBY-<span class="hlt">2</span> cells to high concentrations of H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span>, namely higher and maintained viability in over-expressing cells, whilst the control line presented a severe decrease in viability and marked indications of oxidative stress, with generalized cell death after 3 d of treatment. In over-expressing cells, an increase in catalase activity, decreases in H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span> and nitric oxide contents and maintenance of the glutathione redox state were observed. A decreased content of endogenous H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span> may be responsible in part for the delayed cell death found in over-expressing cells, in which changes in oxidative parameters and antioxidants were less extended after the oxidative</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28749197','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28749197"><span>Cardiovascular benefits and safety of non-insulin medications used in the treatment of type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes mellitus.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yandrapalli, Srikanth; Jolly, George; Horblitt, Adam; Sanaani, Abdallah; Aronow, Wilbert S</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Diabetes mellitus is a growing in exponential proportions. If the current growth trend continues, it may result in every third adult in the United States having diabetes mellitus <span class="hlt">by</span> 2050, and every 10 th adult worldwide. Type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes mellitus (T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM) confers a <span class="hlt">2</span>- to 3-fold increased risk of cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) events compared with non-diabetic patients, and <span class="hlt">CV</span> mortality is responsible for around 80% mortality in this population. Patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM can have other features of insulin resistance-metabolic syndrome like hypertension, lipid abnormalities, and obesity which are all associated with increased <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease and stroke risk even in the absence of T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM. The management of a T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM calls for employing a holistic risk factor control approach. Metformin is the first line therapy for T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM and has been shown to have cardiovascular beneficial effects. Intense debate regarding the risk of myocardial infarction with rosiglitazone led to regulatory agencies necessitating cardiovascular outcome trials with upcoming anti-diabetic medications. Glucagon like peptide-1 agonists and sodium glucose co-transporter-<span class="hlt">2</span> inhibitors have shown promising <span class="hlt">CV</span> safety and additional <span class="hlt">CV</span> benefit in recent clinical trials. These drugs have favorable effects on traditional <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk factors. The findings from these studies further support that fact that <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk factor control plays an important role in reducing morbidity and mortality in T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM patients. This review article will discuss briefly the cardiovascular safety and benefits of the oral medications which are currently being used for T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM and will then discuss in detail about the newer medications being investigated for the treatment of T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3436584','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3436584"><span>A Mechanism of Intracellular P<span class="hlt">2</span>X Receptor Activation*</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Sivaramakrishnan, Venketesh; Fountain, Samuel J.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>P<span class="hlt">2</span>X receptors (P<span class="hlt">2</span>XRs) are ATP-activated calcium-permeable ligand-gated ion channels traditionally viewed as sensors of extracellular ATP during diverse physiological processes including pain, inflammation, and taste. However, in addition to a cell surface residency P<span class="hlt">2</span>XRs also populate the membranes of intracellular compartments, including mammalian lysosomes, phagosomes, and the contractile vacuole (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) of the amoeba Dictyostelium. The function of intracellular P<span class="hlt">2</span>XRs is unclear and represents a major gap in our understanding of ATP signaling. Here, we exploit the genetic versatility of Dictyostelium to investigate the effects of physiological concentrations of ATP on calcium signaling in isolated CVs. Within the <span class="hlt">CV</span>, an acidic calcium store, P<span class="hlt">2</span>XRs are orientated to sense luminal ATP. Application of ATP to isolated vacuoles leads to luminal translocation of ATP and release of calcium. Mechanisms of luminal ATP translocation and ATP-evoked calcium release share common pharmacology, suggesting that they are linked processes. The ability of ATP to mobilize stored calcium is reduced in vacuoles isolated from P<span class="hlt">2</span>XAR knock-out amoeba and ablated in cells devoid of P<span class="hlt">2</span>XRs. Pharmacological inhibition of luminal ATP translocation or depletion of <span class="hlt">CV</span> calcium attenuates <span class="hlt">CV</span> function in vivo, manifesting as a loss of regulatory cell volume decrease following osmotic swelling. We propose that intracellular P<span class="hlt">2</span>XRs regulate vacuole activity <span class="hlt">by</span> acting as calcium release channels, activated <span class="hlt">by</span> translocation of ATP into the vacuole lumen. PMID:22736763</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24238718','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24238718"><span>The long-term effect of zinc soil contamination on selected free amino acids playing an important role in plant adaptation to stress and senescence.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pavlíková, Daniela; Zemanová, Veronika; Procházková, Dagmar; Pavlík, Milan; Száková, Jiřina; Wilhelmová, Naďa</p> <p>2014-02-01</p> <p>Increased endogenous plant cytokinin (CK) content through transformation with an isopentyl transferase (ipt) gene has been associated with improved plant stress tolerance. The objective of this study is to determine amino acid changes associated with elevated CK production in ipt transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L., <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Wisconsin 38). Nontransformed (WT) and transformed tobacco plants with ipt gene controlled <span class="hlt">by</span> senescence-activated promoter (SAG) were exposed to zinc soil contamination (tested levels Zn1=250, Zn<span class="hlt">2</span>=500, Zn3=750 mg kg(-1) soil). The Zn effect on plant stress metabolism resulted in changes in levels of selected free amino acids playing an important role in adaptation to stress and plant senescence (alanine, leucine, proline, methionine and γ-aminobutyrate) and differed for transformed and nontransformed tobacco plants. Analyses of amino acids confirmed that SAG tobacco plants had improved zinc tolerance compared with the WT plants. The enhanced Zn tolerance of SAG plants was associated with the maintenance of accumulation of proline, methionine and γ-aminobutyrate. The concentrations of leucine and alanine did not show significant differences between plant lines. © 2013 Published <span class="hlt">by</span> Elsevier Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=523397','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=523397"><span>Use of Phenylboronic Acids to Investigate Boron Function in Plants. Possible Role of Boron in Transvacuolar Cytoplasmic Strands and Cell-to-Wall Adhesion</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bassil, Elias; Hu, Hening; Brown, Patrick H.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>The only defined physiological role of boron in plants is as a cross-linking molecule involving reversible covalent bonds with cis-diols on either side of borate. Boronic acids, which form the same reversible bonds with cis-diols but cannot cross-link two molecules, were used to selectively disrupt boron function in plants. In cultured tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> <span class="hlt">cv</span> <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span>) cells, addition of boronic acids caused the disruption of cytoplasmic strands and cell-to-cell wall detachment. The effect of the boronic acids could be relieved <span class="hlt">by</span> the addition of boron-complexing sugars and was proportional to the boronic acid-binding strength of the sugar. Experiments with germinating petunia (Petunia hybrida) pollen and boronate-affinity chromatography showed that boronic acids and boron compete for the same binding sites. The boronic acids appear to specifically disrupt or prevent borate-dependent cross-links important for the structural integrity of the cell, including the organization of transvacuolar cytoplasmic strands. Boron likely plays a structural role in the plant cytoskeleton. We conclude that boronic acids can be used to rapidly and reversibly induce boron deficiency-like responses and therefore are useful tools for investigating boron function in plants. PMID:15466241</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4705290','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4705290"><span>Improvement of efficient in vitro regeneration potential of mature callus induced from Malaysian upland rice seed (Oryza sativa <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Panderas)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Mohd Din, Abd Rahman Jabir; Iliyas Ahmad, Fauziah; Wagiran, Alina; Abd Samad, Azman; Rahmat, Zaidah; Sarmidi, Mohamad Roji</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>A new and rapid protocol for optimum callus production and complete plant regeneration has been assessed in Malaysian upland rice (Oryza sativa) <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Panderas. The effect of plant growth regulator (PGR) on the regeneration frequency of Malaysian upland rice (<span class="hlt">cv</span>. Panderas) was investigated. Mature seeds were used as a starting material for callus induction experiment using various concentrations of <span class="hlt">2</span>,4-D and NAA. Optimal callus induction frequency at 90% was obtained on MS media containing <span class="hlt">2</span>,4-D (3 mg L−1) and NAA (<span class="hlt">2</span> mg L−1) after 6 weeks while no significant difference was seen on tryptophan and glutamine parameters. Embryogenic callus was recorded as compact, globular and light yellowish in color. The embryogenic callus morphology was further confirmed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. For regeneration, induced calli were treated with various concentrations of Kin (0.5–1.5 mg L−1), BAP, NAA and 0.5 mg L−1 of TDZ. The result showed that the maximum regeneration frequency (100%) was achieved on MS medium containing BAP (0.5 mg L−1), Kin (1.5 mg L−1), NAA (0.5 mg L−1) and TDZ (0.5 mg L−1) within four weeks. Developed shoots were successfully rooted on half strength MS free hormone medium and later transferred into a pot containing soil for acclimatization. This cutting-edge finding is unique over the other existing publishable data due to the good regeneration response <span class="hlt">by</span> producing a large number of shoots. PMID:26858569</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=186104&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=pre+AND+experimental+AND+research&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=186104&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=pre+AND+experimental+AND+research&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>USE OF REPEATED BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE IN RABBITS TO ASSESS POLLUTANT-INDUCED LUNG CHANGES IN AN ANIMAL MODEL OF CARDIOVASCULAR (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) DISEASE.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Animal models of coronary heart disease (e.g., hyperlipidemic rabbits) are being used to investigate epidemiologic associations between higher levels of air pollution and adverse <span class="hlt">CV</span> consequences. Mechanisms <span class="hlt">by</span> which pollutant-induced lung or systemic inflammation leads to acute C...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16711386','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16711386"><span>[Premature assembly of nucleolus-derived foci induced <span class="hlt">by</span> a reversible hypotonic shock in metaphase <span class="hlt">CV</span>1 and HeLa cells].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zharskaia, O O; Zatsepina, O V</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>The assembly of nucleolus-derived foci (NDF) in the cytoplasm of telophase cells is an early stage of nucleolus reassembly during mitosis. In current literature, significant attention is paid to the molecular composition of NDF and their participation in reassembly of the mature nucleolus. However, very little is known about mechanisms controlling the NDF formation. The authors have demonstrated for the first time that a reversible action of low ionic strength buffers (lypotonic shock treatment) on living mitotic human HeLa and green monkey <span class="hlt">CV</span>1 cells triggers a premature assembly of NDF at metaphase. Like the true NDF, i. e., those assembled in telophase mitosis, NDF prematurally induced at metaphase contain RNA and proteins required for rRNA processing (fibrillarin, B23/nucliophosmin, C23/nucleolin), but lack UBF, an auxiliary factor of RNA polymerase I. We have assumed that a reversible action of hypotonic shock on metaphase cells may result in temporal increase in intracellular [Ca<span class="hlt">2</span>+](i) that, in its turn, may induce a premature assembly of NDF under isotonic conditions. The structural integrity of the mitotic spindle apparently plays an essential role in the response of metaphase cells to hypotonic shock treatments.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890018744','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890018744"><span>Interpretation of F106B and <span class="hlt">CV</span>580 in-flight lightning data and form factor determination</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rudolph, T.; Horembala, J.; Eriksen, F. J.; Weigel, H. S.; Elliott, J. R.; Parker, S. L.; Perala, R. A.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>Two topics of in-flight aircraft/lightning interaction are addressed. The first is the analysis of measured data from the NASA F106B Thunderstorm Research Aircraft and the <span class="hlt">CV</span>580 research program run <span class="hlt">by</span> the FAA and Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. The <span class="hlt">CV</span>580 data was investigated in a mostly qualitative sense, while the F106B data was subjected to both statistical and quantitative analysis using linear triggered lightning finite difference models. The second main topic is the analysis of field mill data and the calibration of the field mill systems. The calibration of the F106B field mill system was investigated using an improved finite difference model of the aircraft having a spatial resolution of one-quarter meter. The calibration was applied to measured field mill data acquired during the 1985 thunderstorm season. The experimental determination of form factors useful for field mill calibration was also investigated both experimentally and analytically. The experimental effort involved the use of conducting scale models and an electrolytic tank. An analytic technique was developed to aid in the understanding of the experimental results.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ssi..conf..265R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ssi..conf..265R"><span>Cathodic Properties of Al-DOPED LiCoO<span class="hlt">2</span> Prepared <span class="hlt">by</span> Molten Salt Method for Li-Ion Batteries</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Reddy, M. V.; Rao, G. V. Subba; Chowdari, B. V. R.</p> <p>2006-06-01</p> <p>Layered Li(Co1-xAlx)O<span class="hlt">2</span>, x=0.05-0.25 phases have been prepared <span class="hlt">by</span> using the one-pot molten salt method at 850 °C in air and characterized <span class="hlt">by</span> X-ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement, SEM-EDAX, chemical analysis, BET surface area and density methods. Cathodic properties were studied at ambient temperature in cells with Li-metal as the counter electrode <span class="hlt">by</span> cyclic voltammetry (<span class="hlt">CV</span>), galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling (up to 130 cycles) and Impedance spectroscopy. Single-phase compounds with hexagonal layer structure formed for all x. Results showed that for x≥0.05, the Li-de-intercalation potential during the first charge-cycle occurs at a value slightly higher than that shown <span class="hlt">by</span> pure LiCoO<span class="hlt">2</span> and the structural transitions that occur at ˜4.1 V and ˜ 4.<span class="hlt">2</span> V are suppressed. However, the transition at ˜4.5 V is not suppressed. As a consequence, the long-term cyclability of Li(Co1-xAlx)O<span class="hlt">2</span> is greatly improved, when cycled in the potential ranges <span class="hlt">2</span>.5-4.3 V and <span class="hlt">2</span>.5-4.4 V at the current rate of 30 mA/g. Higher 10th cycle capacities were noted for x≥0.1-0.<span class="hlt">2</span> in the <span class="hlt">2</span>.5-4.5 V range but capacity-fading was noted, <span class="hlt">by</span> 5-7 % at the end of 55 cycles. The observed <span class="hlt">CV</span> and impedance data have been analyzed and interpreted.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29546517','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29546517"><span>Impact of cadmium on forage kale (Brassica oleracea var. viridis <span class="hlt">cv</span> "Prover") after 3-,10- and 56-day exposure to a Cd-spiked field soil.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bernard, Fabien; Dumez, Sylvain; Lemière, Sébastien; Platel, Anne; Nesslany, Fabrice; Deram, Annabelle; Vandenbulcke, Franck; Cuny, Damien</p> <p>2018-03-15</p> <p>Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element for living organisms and is widespread in metal-contaminated soils. As organisms which can grow up on these polluted areas, plants have some protection mechanisms against Cd issues. Among the plant kingdom, the Brassicaceae family includes species which are known to be able to tolerate and accumulate Cd in their tissues. In this study, Brassica oleracea var. viridis <span class="hlt">cv</span> "Prover" was exposed to a range of artificially Cd-contaminated soils (from <span class="hlt">2</span>.5 up to 20 mg kg -1 ) during 3, 10, and 56 days and the effects on life traits, photosynthesis activity, antioxidant enzymatic activities were studied. Metal accumulation was quantified, as well as DNA damage, <span class="hlt">by</span> means of the comet assay and immunodetection of 8-OHdG levels. Globally, B. oleracea was relatively tolerant to those Cd exposures. However, comet assay and detection of 8-OHdG revealed some DNA damage but which are not significant. According to metal accumulation analysis, B. oleracea var. viridis <span class="hlt">cv</span> Prover could be a good candidate for alternative growing in contaminated areas.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ApSS..389..567L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ApSS..389..567L"><span>Fabrication of magnetic alginate beads with uniform dispersion of CoFe<span class="hlt">2</span>O4 <span class="hlt">by</span> the polydopamine surface functionalization for organic pollutants removal</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Xiaoli; Lu, Haijun; Zhang, Yun; He, Fu; Jing, Lingyun; He, Xinghua</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>A simple and efficient method for production of magnetic composites <span class="hlt">by</span> decorating CoFe<span class="hlt">2</span>O4 with polydopamine (PDA) through oxidative polymerization of dopamine was conducted. Further, magnetic alginate beads with porous structure containing well-dispersed CoFe<span class="hlt">2</span>O4-PDA were fabricated <span class="hlt">by</span> ionic crosslinking technology. The resulting SA@CoFe<span class="hlt">2</span>O4-PDA beads were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffractometer, vibrating sample magnetometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Adsorption potential of SA@CoFe<span class="hlt">2</span>O4-PDA beads for organic dyes including Methylene Blue (MB), Crystal Violet (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) and Malachite Green (MG) was evaluated. SA@CoFe<span class="hlt">2</span>O4-PDA beads exhibited excellent adsorption performances due to the composite effect, large surface area and porous structure. Organic dyes could be removed from water solution with high efficiency in a wide pH range of 4.0-9.0. Moreover, it exhibited much higher adsorptivity towards MB and <span class="hlt">CV</span> with the maximum adsorption capacities of 466.60 and 456.52 mg/g, respectively, which were much higher than that of MG (248.78 mg/g). Ca-electrolyte had obvious adverse effects on MB and <span class="hlt">CV</span> adsorption than MG. FTIR and XPS demonstrated that carboxylate, catechol, hydroxyl and amine groups might be involved in adsorption of organic dyes. The characteristics of wide pH range, high adsorption capacity and convenient magnetic separation would make SA@CoFe<span class="hlt">2</span>O4-PDA beads as effective adsorbent for removal of organic dyes from wastewater.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29713728','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29713728"><span>Empagliflozin in women with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes and cardiovascular disease - an analysis of EMPA-REG OUTCOME®.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zinman, Bernard; Inzucchi, Silvio E; Wanner, Christoph; Hehnke, Uwe; George, Jyothis T; Johansen, Odd Erik; Fitchett, David</p> <p>2018-04-30</p> <p>The global epidemic of type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes affects women and men equally; however, the relative impact on the cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) system appears greater for women than men when compared with peers without diabetes. Furthermore, women are often under-represented in <span class="hlt">CV</span> outcome trials, resulting in less certainty about the impact of <span class="hlt">CV</span> prevention therapies across the sexes. The EMPA-REG OUTCOME® trial, which included 28.5% women, found that empagliflozin, given in addition to standard of care, reduced the risk of <span class="hlt">CV</span> death <span class="hlt">by</span> 38%, heart failure (HF) hospitalisation <span class="hlt">by</span> 35% and a composite endpoint for incident or worsening nephropathy <span class="hlt">by</span> 39%. Here we report a secondary analysis of the trial to determine the relative effects of empagliflozin in women vs men. The population studied were individuals with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes (HbA 1c 53-86 mmol/mol [7-10%] and eGFR >30 ml min -1 [1.73 m] -<span class="hlt">2</span> ), with established atherosclerotic <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease. Individuals were randomised to receive empagliflozin 10 mg or 25 mg, or placebo once daily in addition to standard of care, and followed. The trial continued until ≥691 individuals had experienced an adjudicated event included in the primary outcome. All <span class="hlt">CV</span> outcome events, including HF hospitalisations and deaths were prospectively adjudicated <span class="hlt">by</span> blinded clinical events committees. At baseline, the demographic profile of the 2004 women (age ± standard deviation 63.6 ± 8.8 years) compared with the 5016 men (age 63.0 ± 8.6 years) in the trial was largely similar, with the exception that LDL-cholesterol was numerically higher in women (<span class="hlt">2</span>.5 ± 1.0 vs <span class="hlt">2</span>.1 ± 0.9 mmol/l), consistent with lower rates of lipid-lowering therapies (75.4% vs 83.<span class="hlt">2</span>%). Women were also less likely to have smoked (31.5% vs 69.9%). The annualised incidence rate for women in the placebo group was numerically lower than in men for <span class="hlt">CV</span> death (1.58% vs <span class="hlt">2</span>.19%), numerically higher for HF hospitalisation (1.75% vs 1.33%) and similar for renal events (7.22% vs</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28742644','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28742644"><span>Update on SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span> Inhibitors-New Data Released at the American Diabetes Association.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lee, Sara</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>Sodium-glucose cotransporter <span class="hlt">2</span> (SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span>) inhibitors are one of the newer classes of antiglycemic agents approved for the management of patients with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes mellitus. Due to their unique mechanism of action, SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span> inhibitors have shown to be beneficial beyond glucose control. The improvement in cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) outcomes was first observed in the landmark EMPA-REG OUTCOMES study. Following these results, numerous <span class="hlt">CV</span> outcome trials were designed to identify whether the beneficial <span class="hlt">CV</span> and renal effects observed with empagliflozin are unique or a drug class effect. The benefit of SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span> inhibition was confirmed <span class="hlt">by</span> the CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS) Program, presented at the American Diabetes Association 77th Scientific Sessions. With over 10,000 patients, the CANVAS Program integrated data from two large <span class="hlt">CV</span> outcome studies. Canagliflozin achieved a 14% reduction in the composite endpoint of <span class="hlt">CV</span> mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), or nonfatal stroke, and a 33% reduction in the risk of hospitalization for heart failure (HF) compared with placebo. Potential renal protective effects were also observed with canagliflozin; however, an increased risk of amputation with canagliflozin was seen in both CANVAS studies. The class effect of SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span> inhibitors was also confirmed in new analyses of the The Comparative Effectiveness of Cardiovascular Outcomes (CVD-REAL) study, which aimed to evaluate SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span> inhibitors (dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, and empagliflozin) in broader patient populations with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes mellitus. In patients who were new to SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span> inhibitors, significant reductions in rates of <span class="hlt">CV</span> death and hospitalization for HF were observed compared with any other glucose-lowering agents. SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span> inhibitors were also associated with lower rates in hospitalization for HF in patients with and without <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease. In addition, substudies of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial further provided insight on the efficacy of empagliflozin across</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25098400','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25098400"><span>Synthesis of 1,3-bis(tetracyano-<span class="hlt">2</span>-azulenyl-3-butadienyl)azulenes <span class="hlt">by</span> the [<span class="hlt">2+2</span>] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization of 1,3-bis(azulenylethynyl)azulenes with tetracyanoethylene.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shoji, Taku; Maruyama, Mitsuhisa; Maruyama, Akifumi; Ito, Shunji; Okujima, Tetsuo; Toyota, Kozo</p> <p>2014-09-08</p> <p>1,3-Bis(azulenylethynyl)azulene derivatives 9-14 have been prepared <span class="hlt">by</span> palladium-catalyzed alkynylation of 1-ethynylazulene 8 with 1,3-diiodoazulene 1 or 1,3-diethynylazulene <span class="hlt">2</span> with the corresponding haloazulenes 3-7 under Sonogashira-Hagihara conditions. Bis(alkynes) 9-14 reacted with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) in a formal [<span class="hlt">2+2</span>] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization reaction to afford the corresponding new bis(tetracyanobutadiene)s (bis(TCBDs)) 15-20 in excellent yields. The redox behavior of bis(TCBD)s 15-20 was examined <span class="hlt">by</span> using <span class="hlt">CV</span> and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), which revealed their reversible multistage reduction properties under the electrochemical conditions. Moreover, a significant color change of alkynes 9-14 and TCBDs 15-20 was observed <span class="hlt">by</span> visible spectroscopy under the electrochemical reduction conditions. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4577997','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4577997"><span>Over-expression of Trxo1 increases the viability of tobacco <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cells under H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span> treatment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ortiz-Espín, Ana; Locato, Vittoria; Camejo, Daymi; Schiermeyer, Andreas; De Gara, Laura; Sevilla, Francisca; Jiménez, Ana</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Background and Aims Reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydrogen peroxide, play a critical role in the regulation of plant development and in the induction of plant defence responses during stress adaptation, as well as in plant cell death. The antioxidant system is responsible for controlling ROS levels in these processes but redox homeostasis is also a key factor in plant cell metabolism under normal and stress situations. Thioredoxins (Trxs) are ubiquitous small proteins found in different cell compartments, including mitochondria and nuclei (Trxo1), and are involved in the regulation of target proteins through reduction of disulphide bonds, although their role under oxidative stress has been less well studied. This study describes over-expression of a Trxo1 for the first time, using a cell-culture model subjected to an oxidative treatment provoked <span class="hlt">by</span> H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span>. Methods Control and over-expressing PsTrxo1 tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cells were treated with 35 mm H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span> and the effects were analysed <span class="hlt">by</span> studying the growth dynamics of the cultures together with oxidative stress parameters, as well as several components of the antioxidant systems involved in the metabolism of H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span>. Analysis of different hallmarks of programmed cell death was also carried out. Key Results Over-expression of PsTrxo1 caused significant differences in the response of TBY-<span class="hlt">2</span> cells to high concentrations of H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span>, namely higher and maintained viability in over-expressing cells, whilst the control line presented a severe decrease in viability and marked indications of oxidative stress, with generalized cell death after 3 d of treatment. In over-expressing cells, an increase in catalase activity, decreases in H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span> and nitric oxide contents and maintenance of the glutathione redox state were observed. Conclusions A decreased content of endogenous H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span> may be responsible in part for the delayed cell death found in over-expressing cells, in which changes in oxidative parameters and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21098029','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21098029"><span>SNF1-related protein kinases <span class="hlt">2</span> are negatively regulated <span class="hlt">by</span> a plant-specific calcium sensor.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bucholc, Maria; Ciesielski, Arkadiusz; Goch, Grażyna; Anielska-Mazur, Anna; Kulik, Anna; Krzywińska, Ewa; Dobrowolska, Grażyna</p> <p>2011-02-04</p> <p>SNF1-related protein kinases <span class="hlt">2</span> (SnRK<span class="hlt">2</span>s) are plant-specific enzymes involved in environmental stress signaling and abscisic acid-regulated plant development. Here, we report that SnRK<span class="hlt">2</span>s interact with and are regulated <span class="hlt">by</span> a plant-specific calcium-binding protein. We screened a Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Matchmaker cDNA library for proteins interacting with Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> osmotic stress-activated protein kinase (NtOSAK), a member of the SnRK<span class="hlt">2</span> family. A putative EF-hand calcium-binding protein was identified as a molecular partner of NtOSAK. To determine whether the identified protein interacts only with NtOSAK or with other SnRK<span class="hlt">2</span>s as well, we studied the interaction of an Arabidopsis thaliana orthologue of the calcium-binding protein with selected Arabidopsis SnRK<span class="hlt">2</span>s using a two-hybrid system. All kinases studied interacted with the protein. The interactions were confirmed <span class="hlt">by</span> bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay, indicating that the binding occurs in planta, exclusively in the cytoplasm. Calcium binding properties of the protein were analyzed <span class="hlt">by</span> fluorescence spectroscopy using Tb(3+) as a spectroscopic probe. The calcium binding constant, determined <span class="hlt">by</span> the protein fluorescence titration, was <span class="hlt">2</span>.5 ± 0.9 × 10(5) M(-1). The CD spectrum indicated that the secondary structure of the protein changes significantly in the presence of calcium, suggesting its possible function as a calcium sensor in plant cells. In vitro studies revealed that the activity of SnRK<span class="hlt">2</span> kinases analyzed is inhibited in a calcium-dependent manner <span class="hlt">by</span> the identified calcium sensor, which we named SCS (SnRK<span class="hlt">2</span>-interacting calcium sensor). Our results suggest that SCS is involved in response to abscisic acid during seed germination most probably <span class="hlt">by</span> negative regulation of SnRK<span class="hlt">2</span>s activity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24579361','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24579361"><span>[Effects of electroacupuncture of "Guanyuan" (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 4)-"Zhongji" (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 3) on ovarian P450 arom and P450c 17alpha expression and relevant sex hormone levels in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sun, Jie; Zhao, Ji-meng; Ji, Rong; Liu, Hui-rong; Shi, Yin; Jin, Chun-lan</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on ovarian P 450 arom and P 450 c 17 alpha (aromatases) expression and related sex hormone levels in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rats. Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group and EA group (10 rats/group). PCOS model was made <span class="hlt">by</span> intragastric administration of letrozole at 1 mg/kg per day for consecutive 21 days. "Guanyuan" (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 4) and "Zhongji" (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 3) acupoints were stimulated 20 min <span class="hlt">by</span> EA (<span class="hlt">2</span> mA, <span class="hlt">2</span> Hz), once daily for consecutive 14 days. The damp ovarian weight was weighed and the pathological changes of the ovarian tissue were observed after H. E. staining. Ultrastructural changes of the ovarian tissue were observed <span class="hlt">by</span> transmission electron microscope. Immunohistochemical staining was adopted to detect ovarian follicle granulosa cell P 450 arom and follicle membrane cell P 450 c 17 alpha expression. The contents of estradiol (E <span class="hlt">2</span>), estrone (E 1), androstenedione (ASD), testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the ovarian tissue were measured <span class="hlt">by</span> ELISA. Compared with the normal group, there was a significant increase in the damp weight of both left and right ovarian tissues in the model group (P < 0.01). After EA, the ovarian weight was remarkably reduced (P < 0.01). Pathological changes of the ovarian tissue such as thickening of the superficial albugineous coat of the ovary, thinning of the granular cell layer, and disappearance of the intraovular oocytes and coronaradiata under light microscope, and mitochondrion swelling, fracture or disappearance of mitochondrial cristae, and enlargement of the endoplasmic reticulum, etc. after modeling were obviously improved in the EA group. In comparison to the control group, the expression of the follicle granulosa cell P450 arom was significantly down-regulated and that of follicle membrane cell P 450 c 17 alpha was significantly upregulated in the model group (P < 0.01). After EA</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5859730-photocontrol-expression-genes-encoding-chlorophyll-binding-proteins-small-subunit-ribulose-bisphosphate-carboxylase-etiolated-seedlings-lycopersicon-esculentum-nicotiana-tabacum','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5859730-photocontrol-expression-genes-encoding-chlorophyll-binding-proteins-small-subunit-ribulose-bisphosphate-carboxylase-etiolated-seedlings-lycopersicon-esculentum-nicotiana-tabacum"><span>Photocontrol of the expression of genes encoding chlorophyll a/b binding proteins and small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in etiolated seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum (L. ) and Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> (L. )</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Wehmeyer, B.; Cashmore, A.R.; Schaefer, E.</p> <p></p> <p>Phytochrome and the blue ultraviolet-A photoreceptor control light-induced expression of genes encoding the chlorophyll a/b binding protein of photosystem II and photosystem I and the genes for the small subunit of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in etiolated seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) and Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> (tobacco). A high irradiance response also controls the induction of these genes. Genes encoding photosystem II- and I-associated chlorophyll a/b binding proteins both exhibit a transient rapid increase in expression in response to light pulse or to continuous irradiation. In contrast, genes encoding the small subunit exhibit a continuous increase in expression in response to light.more » These distinct expression characteristics are shown to reflect differences at the level of transcription.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040142176&hterms=cdna&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dcdna','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040142176&hterms=cdna&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dcdna"><span>Acid-growth response and alpha-expansins in suspension cultures of bright yellow <span class="hlt">2</span> tobacco</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Link, B. M.; Cosgrove, D. J.</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>The possibility that Bright Yellow <span class="hlt">2</span> (<span class="hlt">BY</span><span class="hlt">2</span>) tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L.) suspension-cultured cells possess an expansin-mediated acid-growth mechanism was examined <span class="hlt">by</span> multiple approaches. <span class="hlt">BY</span><span class="hlt">2</span> cells grew three times faster upon treatment with fusicoccin, which induces an acidification of the cell wall. Exogenous expansins likewise stimulated <span class="hlt">BY</span><span class="hlt">2</span> cell growth 3-fold. Protein extracted from <span class="hlt">BY</span><span class="hlt">2</span> cell walls possessed the expansin-like ability to induce extension of isolated walls. In western-blot analysis of <span class="hlt">BY</span><span class="hlt">2</span> wall protein, one band of 29 kD was recognized <span class="hlt">by</span> anti-expansin antibody. Six different classes of alpha-expansin mRNA were identified in a <span class="hlt">BY</span><span class="hlt">2</span> cDNA library. Northern-blot analysis indicated moderate to low abundance of multiple alpha-expansin mRNAs in <span class="hlt">BY</span><span class="hlt">2</span> cells. From these results we conclude that <span class="hlt">BY</span><span class="hlt">2</span> suspension-cultured cells have the necessary components for expansin-mediated cell wall enlargement.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28654012','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28654012"><span>I-V and <span class="hlt">C-V</span> Characterization of a High-Responsivity Graphene/Silicon Photodiode with Embedded MOS Capacitor.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Luongo, Giuseppe; Giubileo, Filippo; Genovese, Luca; Iemmo, Laura; Martucciello, Nadia; Di Bartolomeo, Antonio</p> <p>2017-06-27</p> <p>We study the effect of temperature and light on the I-V and <span class="hlt">C-V</span> characteristics of a graphene/silicon Schottky diode. The device exhibits a reverse-bias photocurrent exceeding the forward current and achieves a photoresponsivity as high as <span class="hlt">2</span>.5 A / W . We show that the enhanced photocurrent is due to photo-generated carriers injected in the graphene/Si junction from the parasitic graphene/SiO₂/Si capacitor connected in parallel to the diode. The same mechanism can occur with thermally generated carriers, which contribute to the high leakage current often observed in graphene/Si junctions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22302511','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22302511"><span>Elevated CO<span class="hlt">2</span> differentially affects photosynthetic induction response in two Populus species with different stomatal behavior.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tomimatsu, Hajime; Tang, Yanhong</p> <p>2012-08-01</p> <p>To understand dynamic photosynthetic characteristics in response to fluctuating light under a high CO(<span class="hlt">2</span>) environment, we examined photosynthetic induction in two poplar genotypes from two species, Populus koreana 9 trichocarpa <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Peace and Populus euramericana <span class="hlt">cv</span>. I-55, respectively. Stomata of <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Peace barely respond to changes in photosynthetic photon flux density (PFD), whereas those of <span class="hlt">cv</span>. I-55 show a normal response to variations in PFD at ambient CO(<span class="hlt">2</span>). The plants were grown under three CO<span class="hlt">2</span> regimes (380, 700, and 1,020 μmol CO(<span class="hlt">2</span>) mol(-1) in air) for approximately <span class="hlt">2</span> months. CO<span class="hlt">2</span> gas exchange was measured in situ in the three CO<span class="hlt">2</span> regimes under a sudden PFD increase from 20 to 800 μmol m(-<span class="hlt">2</span>) s(-1). In both genotypes, plants grown under higher CO(<span class="hlt">2</span>) conditions had a higher photosynthetic induction state, shorter induction time, and reduced induction limitation to photosynthetic carbon gain. Plants of <span class="hlt">cv</span>. I-55 showed a much larger increase in induction state and decrease in induction time under high CO(<span class="hlt">2</span>) regimes than did plants of <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Peace. These showed that, throughout the whole induction process, genotype <span class="hlt">cv</span>. I-55 had a much smaller reduction of leaf carbon gain under the two high CO(<span class="hlt">2</span>) regimes than under the ambient CO(<span class="hlt">2</span>) regime, while the high CO(<span class="hlt">2</span>) effect was smaller in genotype <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Peace. The results suggest that a high CO(<span class="hlt">2</span>) environment can reduce both biochemical and stomatal limitations of leaf carbon gain during the photosynthetic induction process, and that a rapid stomatal response can further enhance the high CO(<span class="hlt">2</span>) effect.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2852673','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2852673"><span>Auxin polar transport is essential for the development of zygote and embryo in Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L. and correlated with ABP1 and PM H+-ATPase activities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Chen, Dan; Ren, Yujun; Deng, Yingtian; Zhao, Jie</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Auxin is an important plant growth regulator, and plays a key role in apical–basal axis formation and embryo differentiation, but the mechanism remains unclear. The level of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) during zygote and embryo development of Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L. is investigated here using the techniques of GC-SIM-MS analysis, immunolocalization, and the GUS activity assay of DR5::GUS transgenic plants. The distribution of ABP1 and PM H+-ATPase was also detected <span class="hlt">by</span> immunolocalization, and this is the first time that integral information has been obtained about their distribution in the zygote and in embryo development. The results showed an increase in IAA content in ovules and the polar distribution of IAA, ABP1, and PM H+-ATPase in the zygote and embryo, specifically in the top and basal parts of the embryo proper (EP) during proembryo development. For information about the regulation mechanism of auxin, an auxin transport inhibitor TIBA (<span class="hlt">2</span>,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid) and exogenous IAA were, respectively, added to the medium for the culture of ovules at the zygote and early proembryo stages. Treatment with a suitable IAA concentration promoted zygote division and embryo differentiation, while TIBA treatment obviously suppressed these processes and caused the formation of abnormal embryos. The distribution patterns of IAA, ABP1, and PM H+-ATPase were also disturbed in the abnormal embryos. These results indicate that the polar distribution and transport of IAA begins at the zygote stage, and affects zygote division and embryo differentiation in tobacco. Moreover, ABP1 and PM H+-ATPase may play roles in zygote and embryo development and may also be involved in IAA signalling transduction. PMID:20348352</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3901204','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3901204"><span>Root exudation and root development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Tizian) as affected <span class="hlt">by</span> different soils</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Neumann, G.; Bott, S.; Ohler, M. A.; Mock, H.-P.; Lippmann, R.; Grosch, R.; Smalla, K.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Development and activity of plant roots exhibit high adaptive variability. Although it is well-documented, that physicochemical soil properties can strongly influence root morphology and root exudation, particularly under field conditions, a comparative assessment is complicated <span class="hlt">by</span> the impact of additional factors, such as climate and cropping history. To overcome these limitations, in this study, field soils originating from an unique experimental plot system with three different soil types, which were stored at the same field site for 10 years and exposed to the same agricultural management practice, were used for an investigation on effects of soil type on root development and root exudation. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Tizian) was grown as a model plant under controlled environmental conditions in a minirhizotrone system equipped with root observation windows (rhizoboxes). Root exudates were collected <span class="hlt">by</span> placing sorption filters onto the root surface followed <span class="hlt">by</span> subsequent extraction and GC-MS profiling of the trapped compounds. Surprisingly, even in absence of external stress factors with known impact on root exudation, such as pH extremes, water and nutrient limitations/toxicities or soil structure effects (use of sieved soils), root growth characteristics (root length, fine root development) as well as profiles of root exudates were strongly influenced <span class="hlt">by</span> the soil type used for plant cultivation. The results coincided well with differences in rhizosphere bacterial communities, detected in field-grown lettuce plants cultivated on the same soils (Schreiter et al., this issue). The findings suggest that the observed differences may be the result of plant interactions with the soil-specific microbiomes. PMID:24478764</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24478764','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24478764"><span>Root exudation and root development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Tizian) as affected <span class="hlt">by</span> different soils.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Neumann, G; Bott, S; Ohler, M A; Mock, H-P; Lippmann, R; Grosch, R; Smalla, K</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Development and activity of plant roots exhibit high adaptive variability. Although it is well-documented, that physicochemical soil properties can strongly influence root morphology and root exudation, particularly under field conditions, a comparative assessment is complicated <span class="hlt">by</span> the impact of additional factors, such as climate and cropping history. To overcome these limitations, in this study, field soils originating from an unique experimental plot system with three different soil types, which were stored at the same field site for 10 years and exposed to the same agricultural management practice, were used for an investigation on effects of soil type on root development and root exudation. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Tizian) was grown as a model plant under controlled environmental conditions in a minirhizotrone system equipped with root observation windows (rhizoboxes). Root exudates were collected <span class="hlt">by</span> placing sorption filters onto the root surface followed <span class="hlt">by</span> subsequent extraction and GC-MS profiling of the trapped compounds. Surprisingly, even in absence of external stress factors with known impact on root exudation, such as pH extremes, water and nutrient limitations/toxicities or soil structure effects (use of sieved soils), root growth characteristics (root length, fine root development) as well as profiles of root exudates were strongly influenced <span class="hlt">by</span> the soil type used for plant cultivation. The results coincided well with differences in rhizosphere bacterial communities, detected in field-grown lettuce plants cultivated on the same soils (Schreiter et al., this issue). The findings suggest that the observed differences may be the result of plant interactions with the soil-specific microbiomes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2868347','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2868347"><span>Simultaneous treatment to attain blood pressure and lipid goals and reduced <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk burden using amlodipine/atorvastatin single-pill therapy in treated hypertensive participants in a randomized controlled trial</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Grimm, Richard; Malik, Mobin; Yunis, Carla; Sutradhar, Santosh; Kursun, Attila</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>TOGETHER investigated whether targeting multiple cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) risk factors using single-pill amlodipine/atorvastatin (AML/ATO) and therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) results in greater blood pressure (BP)/lipid control and additional reduction in estimated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk compared with blood pressure intervention only using amlodipine (AML) + TLC. TOGETHER was a 6-week, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy trial using hypertensive participants with additional <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk factors without CVD/diabetes. Participants were randomized to either AML/ATO (5 to 10/20 mg) + TLC or AML (5 to 10 mg) + TLC. The primary end point was the difference in proportion of participants attaining both BP (<140/90 mm Hg) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (<100 mg/dL) goals at week 6. At week 6, 67.8% of participants receiving AML/ATO + TLC attained the combined BP/LDL-C goal versus 9.6% with AML + TLC (RD [A–B]: 58.<span class="hlt">2</span>; 95% CI [48.1 to 68.4] P < 0.001; OR: 19.0; 95% CI 9.1 to 39.6; P < 0.001). Significant reductions from baseline in LDL-C, total cholesterol and triglycerides and estimated 10-year Framingham risk were also observed. Treatment with AML/ATO was well tolerated. In conclusion, a multifactorial <span class="hlt">CV</span> management approach is more effective in achieving combined BP/LDL-C targets as well as <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk reduction compared with BP intervention only in this patient population. PMID:20479948</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4849023','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4849023"><span>Changes in Air CO<span class="hlt">2</span> Concentration Differentially Alter Transcript Levels of NtAQP1 and NtPIP<span class="hlt">2</span>;1 Aquaporin Genes in Tobacco Leaves</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Secchi, Francesca; Schubert, Andrea; Lovisolo, Claudio</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The aquaporin specific control on water versus carbon pathways in leaves is pivotal in controlling gas exchange and leaf hydraulics. We investigated whether Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> aquaporin 1 (NtAQP1) and Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> plasma membrane intrinsic protein <span class="hlt">2</span>;1 (NtPIP<span class="hlt">2</span>;1) gene expression varies in tobacco leaves subjected to treatments with different CO<span class="hlt">2</span> concentrations (ranging from 0 to 800 ppm), inducing changes in photosynthesis, stomatal regulation and water evaporation from the leaf. Changes in air CO<span class="hlt">2</span> concentration ([CO<span class="hlt">2</span>]) affected net photosynthesis (Pn) and leaf substomatal [CO<span class="hlt">2</span>] (Ci). Pn was slightly negative at 0 ppm air CO<span class="hlt">2</span>; it was one-third that of ambient controls at 200 ppm, and not different from controls at 800 ppm. Leaves fed with 800 ppm [CO<span class="hlt">2</span>] showed one-third reduced stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E), and their gs was in turn slightly lower than in 200 ppm– and in 0 ppm–treated leaves. The 800 ppm air [CO<span class="hlt">2</span>] strongly impaired both NtAQP1 and NtPIP<span class="hlt">2</span>;1 gene expression, whereas 0 ppm air [CO<span class="hlt">2</span>], a concentration below any in vivo possible conditions and specifically chosen to maximize the gene expression alteration, increased only the NtAQP1 transcript level. We propose that NtAQP1 expression, an aquaporin devoted to CO<span class="hlt">2</span> transport, positively responds to CO<span class="hlt">2</span> scarcity in the air in the whole range 0–800 ppm. On the contrary, expression of NtPIP<span class="hlt">2</span>;1, an aquaporin not devoted to CO<span class="hlt">2</span> transport, is related to water balance in the leaf, and changes in parallel with gs. These observations fit in a model where upregulation of leaf aquaporins is activated at low Ci, while downregulation occurs when high Ci saturates photosynthesis and causes stomatal closure. PMID:27089333</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28758551','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28758551"><span>Retention of a reconstructed nipple using a <span class="hlt">C-V</span> flap with different layer thicknesses in the C-flap.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sowa, Yoshihiro; Itsukage, Sizu; Sakaguchi, Kouichi; Taguchi, Tetsuya; Numajiri, Toshiaki</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">C-V</span> flap for nipple reconstruction is now one of standard surgical techniques. But decreased projection is still a problem. In recent years, it has been suggested that projection can be more easily maintained when raising of the C-flap is performed with a split thickness dermis. In this study, we examined whether decrease of projection can be prevented <span class="hlt">by</span> raising of a C-flap with a split dermis rather than with full dermis. A total of 49 consecutive patients who underwent reconstruction of a nipple using the <span class="hlt">C-V</span> flap technique were enrolled. The patients included 22 who underwent surgery using a C-flap with a full thickness dermis (Group F), and 27 who underwent surgery with raising of a flap with a split thickness dermis (Group S). The size of the reconstructed nipple was measured at <span class="hlt">2</span> weeks, 6 months and 1 year postoperatively for comparison between Groups F and S. Partial necrosis of the C-flap end occurred in 4 subjects in only Group S. The decrease in projection after 1 year postoperatively in Group S was significantly lower than that in Group F. In contrast, the teat base size in Group F tended to be greater than that in Group S, suggesting a tendency for an expanded base using a flap with a full dermis. Our results indicated that it is recommended to use a C-flap with a split dermis for cases with high projection of the nipple on the contralateral side.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013SPIE.8745E..1QL','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013SPIE.8745E..1QL"><span>Infrared small target detection technology based on Open<span class="hlt">CV</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Liu, Lei; Huang, Zhijian</p> <p>2013-05-01</p> <p>Accurate and fast detection of infrared (IR) dim target has very important meaning for infrared precise guidance, early warning, video surveillance, etc. In this paper, some basic principles and the implementing flow charts of a series of algorithms for target detection are described. These algorithms are traditional two-frame difference method, improved three-frame difference method, background estimate and frame difference fusion method, and building background with neighborhood mean method. On the foundation of above works, an infrared target detection software platform which is developed <span class="hlt">by</span> Open<span class="hlt">CV</span> and MFC is introduced. Three kinds of tracking algorithms are integrated in this software. In order to explain the software clearly, the framework and the function are described in this paper. At last, the experiments are performed for some real-life IR images. The whole algorithm implementing processes and results are analyzed, and those algorithms for detection targets are evaluated from the two aspects of subjective and objective. The results prove that the proposed method has satisfying detection effectiveness and robustness. Meanwhile, it has high detection efficiency and can be used for real-time detection.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013SPIE.8907E..0CL','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013SPIE.8907E..0CL"><span>Infrared small target detection technology based on Open<span class="hlt">CV</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Liu, Lei; Huang, Zhijian</p> <p>2013-09-01</p> <p>Accurate and fast detection of infrared (IR) dim target has very important meaning for infrared precise guidance, early warning, video surveillance, etc. In this paper, some basic principles and the implementing flow charts of a series of algorithms for target detection are described. These algorithms are traditional two-frame difference method, improved three-frame difference method, background estimate and frame difference fusion method, and building background with neighborhood mean method. On the foundation of above works, an infrared target detection software platform which is developed <span class="hlt">by</span> Open<span class="hlt">CV</span> and MFC is introduced. Three kinds of tracking algorithms are integrated in this software. In order to explain the software clearly, the framework and the function are described in this paper. At last, the experiments are performed for some real-life IR images. The whole algorithm implementing processes and results are analyzed, and those algorithms for detection targets are evaluated from the two aspects of subjective and objective. The results prove that the proposed method has satisfying detection effectiveness and robustness. Meanwhile, it has high detection efficiency and can be used for real-time detection.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19750053327&hterms=face+time&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dface%2Btime','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19750053327&hterms=face+time&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dface%2Btime"><span>Application of the MOS <span class="hlt">C-V</span> technique to determine impurity concentrations and surface parameters on the diffused face of silicon solar cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Weinberg, I.</p> <p>1975-01-01</p> <p>An experimental and theoretical investigation of the feasibility of using the MOS <span class="hlt">C-V</span> (capacitance-voltage) technique to determine impurity and surface state concentrations on the diffused face of Si solar cells with Ta<span class="hlt">2</span>O5 coatings. Impurity concentration 10 A from the diffused surface is found to be <span class="hlt">2</span>.9 times 10 to the 20th power per cu cm. Charge density in surface and oxide states is <span class="hlt">2</span>.1 times 10 to the 13th power per sq cm. These data agree with theoretical predictions.-</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3336956','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3336956"><span>The genetics of domestication of yardlong bean, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. unguiculata <span class="hlt">cv</span>.-gr. sesquipedalis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kongjaimun, Alisa; Kaga, Akito; Tomooka, Norihiko; Somta, Prakit; Vaughan, Duncan A.; Srinives, Peerasak</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Background and Aims The genetics of domestication of yardlong bean [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. unguiculata <span class="hlt">cv</span>.-gr. sesquipedalis] is of particular interest because the genome of this legume has experienced divergent domestication. Initially, cowpea was domesticated from wild cowpea in Africa; in Asia a vegetable form of cowpea, yardlong bean, subsequently evolved from cowpea. Information on the genetics of domestication-related traits would be useful for yardlong bean and cowpea breeding programmes, as well as comparative genome study among members of the genus Vigna. The objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for domestication-related traits in yardlong bean and compare them with previously reported QTLs in closely related Vigna. Methods Two linkage maps were developed from BC1F1 and F<span class="hlt">2</span> populations from the cross between yardlong bean (V. unguiculata ssp. unguiculata <span class="hlt">cv</span>.-gr. sesquipedalis) accession JP81610 and wild cowpea (V. unguiculata ssp. unguiculata var. spontanea) accession TVnu457. Using these linkage maps, QTLs for 24 domestication-related traits were analysed and mapped. QTLs were detected for traits related to seed, pod, stem and leaf. Key Results Most traits were controlled <span class="hlt">by</span> between one and 11 QTLs. QTLs for domestication-related traits show co-location on several narrow genomic regions on almost all linkage groups (LGs), but especially on LGs 3, 7, 8 and 11. Major QTLs for sizes of seed, pod, stem and leaf were principally located on LG7. Pleiotropy or close linkage of genes for the traits is suggested in these chromosome regions. Conclusions This is the first report of QTLs for domestication-related traits in yardlong bean. The results provide a foundation for marker-assisted selection of domestication-related QTLs in yardlong bean and enhance understanding of domestication in the genus Vigna. PMID:22419763</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27698079','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27698079"><span>Side Effects of <span class="hlt">CV</span> Medications Following Hospitalization for ACS Are Associated With More Frequent Health-Care Contacts.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Le, Rachel J; Cullen, Michael W; Lahr, Brian D; Wright, R Scott; Kopecky, Stephen L</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Patients hospitalized for first acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are frequently discharged on multiple new medications. The short-term tolerability of these medications is unknown. This single-center cohort study assessed 30-day health-care utilization and how it may be impacted <span class="hlt">by</span> medication prescribing trends. We included Olmsted County patients presenting with ACS and previously undiagnosed coronary artery disease in 2008 to 2009. All health-care contacts were reviewed 30 days after index hospital discharge for potential adverse medication effects including documented hypotension or bradycardia, or symptoms likely attributed to the medications. The study included 86 patients; their mean age was 63 (standard deviation: 15.5 years). Antianginal or antihypertensive cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) medications were prescribed to 98% of patients at discharge; 76% were prescribed <span class="hlt">2</span> or more. There were 233 health-care contacts in 30 days; 90 (39%) of these contacts were unscheduled. More <span class="hlt">CV</span> medications tended to be prescribed to patients with unscheduled contacts, both pre-ACS ( P = .045) and upon hospital discharge ( P = .051). Hypotension and/or bradycardia at follow-up occurred in 52 patients (60%). Surprisingly, there was no association between hypotension and/or bradycardia at follow-up and increased health-care utilization ( P = .12). Potential adverse drug effects were reported in 34 (40%) patients. These patients had significantly more total health-care contacts ( P < .001) and unscheduled health-care contacts (median 0 vs 1.5; P < .001). Symptoms of adverse drug effects were associated with more frequent health-care utilization after ACS. Clinicians need to consider this while striving to increase patient compliance with post-ACS medications and optimize care transitions.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24196746','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24196746"><span>Phytochrome-mediated synthesis of novel growth inhibitors, A-<span class="hlt">2</span>α and β, and dwarfism in peas.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Noguchi, H; Hashimoto, T</p> <p>1990-05-01</p> <p>Variations in the content of A-<span class="hlt">2</span>α and β, novel endogenous growth inhibitors, andcis,trans- andtrans, trans-xanthoxins were determined in 6- or 7-d-old, dark-grown seedlings of peas (Pisum sativum L. cvs. Progress No. 9, dwarf, and Alaska, tall) under various treatments with red light (R), and compared with R-induced growth inhibition. After transfer of the plants to continuous R the contents of the A-<span class="hlt">2</span>s in <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Progress increased after a 20-min lag, and reached plateaus after 12 h, whereas they remained almost unchanged in darkness. Both the rates of increase of the A-<span class="hlt">2</span>s and the plateau levels were proportional to the logarithm of the irradiance applied. After a 10-min R pulse, the contents of both A-<span class="hlt">2</span>α and β increased with the same rapidity to reach peaks after 6 h, and then gradually decreased to the initial levels after about 24 h. The effect of R was shown to be phytochrome-dependent, being nullified <span class="hlt">by</span> far-red light. The level of neithercis,trans- nortrans,trans-xanthoxin showed such a close correlation with growth inhibition, although both xanthoxins increased as a result of phytochrome action. It is highly suggestive that the A-<span class="hlt">2</span>s, rather than the xanthoxins, are responsible for phytochrome-dependent growth inhibition in <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Progress. In <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Alaska, in contrast, R-induced increase of the A-<span class="hlt">2</span>s was rapid but slight, and could not explain the transient growth inhibition, which was found to be as large as that in <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Progress shortly after the onset of R. The large content of the A-<span class="hlt">2</span>s in <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Progress in the steady state under continuous R, compared with that in <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Alaska, may explain the dwarfism of <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Progress.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24815725','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24815725"><span>Test-retest reliability of a continuous glucose monitoring system in individuals with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Terada, Tasuku; Loehr, Sarah; Guigard, Emmanuel; McCargar, Linda J; Bell, Gordon J; Senior, Peter; Boulé, Normand G</p> <p>2014-08-01</p> <p>This study determined the test-retest reliability of a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) (iPro™<span class="hlt">2</span>; Medtronic, Northridge, CA) under standardized conditions in individuals with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes (T<span class="hlt">2</span>D). Fourteen individuals with T<span class="hlt">2</span>D spent two nonconsecutive days in a calorimetry unit. On both days, meals, medication, and exercise were standardized. Glucose concentrations were measured continuously <span class="hlt">by</span> CGMS, from which daily mean glucose concentration (GLU(mean)), time spent in hyperglycemia (t(>10.0 mmol/L)), and meal, exercise, and nocturnal mean glucose concentrations, as well as glycemic variability (SD(w), percentage coefficient of variation [%<span class="hlt">cv</span>(w)], mean amplitude of glycemic excursions [MAGEc, MAGE(ave), and MAGE(abs.gos)], and continuous overlapping net glycemic action [CONGA(n)]) were estimated. Absolute and relative reliabilities were investigated using coefficient of variation (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) and intraclass correlation, respectively. Relative reliability ranged from 0.77 to 0.95 (P<0.05) for GLU(mean) and meal, exercise, and nocturnal glycemia with <span class="hlt">CV</span> ranging from 3.9% to 11.7%. Despite significant relative reliability (R=0.93; P<0.01), t(>10.0 mmol/L) showed larger <span class="hlt">CV</span> (54.7%). Among the different glycemic variability measures, a significant between-day difference was observed in MAGEc, MAGE(ave), CONGA6, and CONGA12. The remaining measures (i.e., SD(w), %<span class="hlt">cv</span>(w), MAGE(abs.gos), and CONGA1-4) indicated no between-day differences and significant relative reliability. In individuals with T<span class="hlt">2</span>D, CGMS-estimated glycemic profiles were characterized <span class="hlt">by</span> high relative and absolute reliability for both daily and shorter-term measurements as represented <span class="hlt">by</span> GLUmean and meal, exercise, and nocturnal glycemia. Among the different methods to calculate glycemic variability, our results showed SD(w), %<span class="hlt">cv</span>(w), MAGE(abs.gos), and CONGAn with n ≤ 4 were reliable measures. These results suggest the usefulness of CGMS in clinical trials utilizing repeated measured.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15108218','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15108218"><span>The relationships between half-life (t1/<span class="hlt">2</span>) and mean residence time (MRT) in the two-compartment open body model.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sobol, Eyal; Bialer, Meir</p> <p>2004-05-01</p> <p>In the one-compartment model following i.v. administration the mean residence time (MRT) of a drug is always greater than its half-life (t(1/<span class="hlt">2</span>)). However, following i.v. administration, drug plasma concentration (C) versus time (t) is best described <span class="hlt">by</span> a two-compartment model or a two exponential equation:C=Ae(-alpha t)+Be(-beta t), where A and B are concentration unit-coefficients and alpha and beta are exponential coefficients. The relationships between t(1/<span class="hlt">2</span>) and MRT in the two-compartment model have not been explored and it is not clear whether in this model too MRT is always greater than t(1/<span class="hlt">2</span>). In the current paper new equations have been developed that describe the relationships between the terminal t(1/<span class="hlt">2</span>) (or t(1/<span class="hlt">2</span> beta)) and MRT in the two-compartment model following administration of i.v. bolus, i.v. infusion (zero order input) and oral administration (first order input). A critical value (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) equals to the quotient of (1-ln<span class="hlt">2</span>) and (1-beta/alpha) (<span class="hlt">CV</span>=(1-ln<span class="hlt">2</span>)/(1-beta/alpha)=0.307/(1-beta/alpha)) has been derived and was compared with the fraction (f(1)) of drug elimination or AUC (AUC-area under C vs t curve) associated with the first exponential term of the two-compartment equation (f(1)=A/alpha/AUC). Following i.v. bolus, <span class="hlt">CV</span> ranges between a minimal value of 0.307 (1-ln<span class="hlt">2</span>) and infinity. As long as f(1)<<span class="hlt">CV</span>,MRT>t(1/<span class="hlt">2</span>) and vice versa, and when f(1)=<span class="hlt">CV</span>, then MRT=t(1/<span class="hlt">2</span>). Following i.v. infusion and oral administration the denominator of the <span class="hlt">CV</span> equation does not change but its numerator increases to (0.307+beta T/<span class="hlt">2</span>) (T-infusion duration) and (0.307+beta/ka) (ka-absorption rate constant), respectively. Examples of various drugs are provided. For every drug that after i.v. bolus shows two-compartment disposition kinetics the following conclusions can be drawn (a) When f(1)<0.307, then f(1)<<span class="hlt">CV</span> and thus, MRT>t(1/<span class="hlt">2</span>). (b) When beta/alpha>ln<span class="hlt">2</span>, then <span class="hlt">CV</span>>1>f(1) and thus(,) MRT>t(1/<span class="hlt">2</span>). (c) When ln<span class="hlt">2</span>>beta/alpha>(ln4-1), then 1><span class="hlt">CV</span>>0.5 and thus, in order for t(1/<span class="hlt">2</span>)>MRT, f(1</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28039815','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28039815"><span>Differential phenolic production in leaves of Vitis vinifera <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Alvarinho affected with esca disease.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lima, Marta R M; Felgueiras, Mafalda L; Cunha, Ana; Chicau, Gisela; Ferreres, Federico; Dias, Alberto C P</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Esca is a destructive disease of complex etiology affecting grapevines worldwide. A major constraint to the study and control of esca is that the disease is not diagnosed until external leaf and/or fruit symptoms are visible; however external symptoms usually appear several years after infection onset. We studied the phenolic content of V. vinifera <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Alvarinho leaves using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS)/LC-MS. Leaves from affected cordons with and without visible symptoms (diseased and apparently healthy leaves, respectively) and leaves from asymptomatic cordons (healthy leaves) were analyzed. Application of principal components analysis (PCA) to HPLC data showed a clear separation between diseased, apparently healthy, and healthy leaves, with the apparently healthy leaves clustered in a medial position. Several compounds were highly correlated with diseased leaves indicating a differential phenolic production due to esca disease in V. vinifera <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Alvarinho leaves. Total phenolic production was shown to significantly increase in diseased leaves, compared to healthy leaves, with apparently healthy leaves containing a medial amount. Trans-caffeoyltartaric acid, trans-coumaroyl-tartaric acid, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, kaempferol-3-glucoside and myricetin were identified among the compounds associated with disease and their content shown to change similarly to total phenolic production. This study shows that it is possible to discriminate between diseased, healthy and apparently healthy leaves <span class="hlt">by</span> applying PCA to HPLC data. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=366129','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=366129"><span>False Broomrape: A Physiological Disorder Caused <span class="hlt">by</span> Growth-Regulator Imbalance 1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hamilton, James L.; Lowe, Richie H.; Skoog, Folke</p> <p>1972-01-01</p> <p>False broomrape on tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) can be induced <span class="hlt">by</span> applying cytokinins to the roots, <span class="hlt">by</span> causing an increase in the cytokinin-auxin ratio in the roots, <span class="hlt">by</span> removing the apical and auxillary buds, or <span class="hlt">by</span> applying extracts from tobacco with false broomrape to the roots of healthy plants. It can be prevented <span class="hlt">by</span> treating debudded plants with auxin. Images PMID:16658161</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23004353','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23004353"><span>Enhancement of viniferin production in Vitis vinifera L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Alphonse Lavallée Cell suspensions <span class="hlt">by</span> low-energy ultrasound alone and in combination with methyl jasmonate.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Santamaria, Anna Rita; Innocenti, Marzia; Mulinacci, Nadia; Melani, Fabrizio; Valletta, Alessio; Sciandra, Ilaria; Pasqua, Gabriella</p> <p>2012-11-07</p> <p>This study examined for the first time the effect of low-energy ultrasound (US), used alone or in combination with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), on viniferin production in cell cultures of Vitis vinifera L. <span class="hlt">cv</span> Alphonse Lavallée. Cell suspensions were exposed for <span class="hlt">2</span> min to US (power 30, 60, and 90 mW cm(-3)). The highest viniferin production was obtained at 30 mW cm(-3). When sonication was performed twice, the effect on viniferin production was negligible, whereas triple sonication slightly increased production. US treatment at 30 mW cm(-3) for 5 min decreased viniferin production and induced cellular death. The combined use of MeJA and US (<span class="hlt">2</span> min) increased the production of δ-viniferin, the dominant stilbene, more than each elicitor used alone. These results suggest that low-energy US, alone and in combination with MeJA, can act as a physical elicitor to stimulate viniferin production in V. vinifera cell cultures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/32380','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/32380"><span>Automated and connected vehicle (AV/<span class="hlt">CV</span>) test bed to improve transit, bicycle, and pedestrian safety : technical report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>Crashes involving transit vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians are a concern in Texas, especially in urban areas. This research explored the potential of automated and connected vehicle (AV/<span class="hlt">CV</span>) technology to reduce or eliminate these crashes. The pr...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23145175','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23145175"><span>Molecular and pharmacological characterization of serotonin 5-HT<span class="hlt">2</span>α and 5-HT7 receptors in the salivary glands of the blowfly Calliphora vicina.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Röser, Claudia; Jordan, Nadine; Balfanz, Sabine; Baumann, Arnd; Walz, Bernd; Baumann, Otto; Blenau, Wolfgang</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Secretion in blowfly (Calliphora vicina) salivary glands is stimulated <span class="hlt">by</span> the biogenic amine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), which activates both inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP(3))/Ca(<span class="hlt">2</span>+) and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) signalling pathways in the secretory cells. In order to characterize the signal-inducing 5-HT receptors, we cloned two cDNAs (<span class="hlt">Cv</span>5-ht<span class="hlt">2</span>α, <span class="hlt">Cv</span>5-ht7) that share high similarity with mammalian 5-HT(<span class="hlt">2</span>) and 5-HT(7) receptor genes, respectively. RT-PCR demonstrated that both receptors are expressed in the salivary glands and brain. Stimulation of <span class="hlt">Cv</span>5-ht<span class="hlt">2</span>α-transfected mammalian cells with 5-HT elevates cytosolic [Ca(<span class="hlt">2</span>+)] in a dose-dependent manner (EC(50) = 24 nM). In <span class="hlt">Cv</span>5-ht7-transfected cells, 5-HT produces a dose-dependent increase in [cAMP](i) (EC(50) = 4 nM). We studied the pharmacological profile for both receptors. Substances that appear to act as specific ligands of either <span class="hlt">Cv</span>5-HT(<span class="hlt">2</span>α) or <span class="hlt">Cv</span>5-HT(7) in the heterologous expression system were also tested in intact blowfly salivary gland preparations. We observed that 5-methoxytryptamine (100 nM) activates only the <span class="hlt">Cv</span>5-HT(<span class="hlt">2</span>α) receptor, 5-carboxamidotryptamine (300 nM) activates only the <span class="hlt">Cv</span>5-HT(7) receptor, and clozapine (1 µM) antagonizes the effects of 5-HT via <span class="hlt">Cv</span>5-HT(7) in blowfly salivary glands, providing means for the selective activation of each of the two 5-HT receptor subtypes. This study represents the first comprehensive molecular and pharmacological characterization of two 5-HT receptors in the blowfly and permits the analysis of the physiological role of these receptors, even when co-expressed in cells, and of the modes of interaction between the Ca(<span class="hlt">2</span>+)- and cAMP-signalling cascades.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22489069-temperature-dependence-frequency-dispersion-iiiv-metal-oxide-semiconductor-capture-emission-process-border-traps','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22489069-temperature-dependence-frequency-dispersion-iiiv-metal-oxide-semiconductor-capture-emission-process-border-traps"><span>Temperature dependence of frequency dispersion in III–V metal-oxide-semiconductor <span class="hlt">C-V</span> and the capture/emission process of border traps</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Vais, Abhitosh, E-mail: Abhitosh.Vais@imec.be; Martens, Koen; DeMeyer, Kristin</p> <p>2015-08-03</p> <p>This paper presents a detailed investigation of the temperature dependence of frequency dispersion observed in capacitance-voltage (<span class="hlt">C-V</span>) measurements of III-V metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices. The dispersion in the accumulation region of the capacitance data is found to change from 4%–9% (per decade frequency) to ∼0% when the temperature is reduced from 300 K to 4 K in a wide range of MOS capacitors with different gate dielectrics and III-V substrates. We show that such significant temperature dependence of <span class="hlt">C-V</span> frequency dispersion cannot be due to the temperature dependence of channel electrostatics, i.e., carrier density and surface potential. We also show that the temperaturemore » dependence of frequency dispersion, and hence, the capture/emission process of border traps can be modeled <span class="hlt">by</span> a combination of tunneling and a “temperature-activated” process described <span class="hlt">by</span> a non-radiative multi-phonon model, instead of a widely believed single-step elastic tunneling process.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28504544','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28504544"><span>Radial Ultrashort TE Imaging Removes the Need for Breath-Holding in Hepatic Iron Overload Quantification <span class="hlt">by</span> R<span class="hlt">2</span>* MRI.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tipirneni-Sajja, Aaryani; Krafft, Axel J; McCarville, M Beth; Loeffler, Ralf B; Song, Ruitian; Hankins, Jane S; Hillenbrand, Claudia M</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>The objective of this study is to evaluate radial free-breathing (FB) multiecho ultrashort TE (UTE) imaging as an alternative to Cartesian FB multiecho gradient-recalled echo (GRE) imaging for quantitative assessment of hepatic iron content (HIC) in sedated patients and subjects unable to perform breath-hold (BH) maneuvers. FB multiecho GRE imaging and FB multiecho UTE imaging were conducted for 46 test group patients with iron overload who could not complete BH maneuvers (38 patients were sedated, and eight were not sedated) and 16 control patients who could complete BH maneuvers. Control patients also underwent standard BH multiecho GRE imaging. Quantitative R<span class="hlt">2</span>* maps were calculated, and mean liver R<span class="hlt">2</span>* values and coefficients of variation (CVs) for different acquisitions and patient groups were compared using statistical analysis. FB multiecho GRE images displayed motion artifacts and significantly lower R<span class="hlt">2</span>* values, compared with standard BH multiecho GRE images and FB multiecho UTE images in the control cohort and FB multiecho UTE images in the test cohort. In contrast, FB multiecho UTE images produced artifact-free R<span class="hlt">2</span>* maps, and mean R<span class="hlt">2</span>* values were not significantly different from those measured <span class="hlt">by</span> BH multiecho GRE imaging. Motion artifacts on FB multiecho GRE images resulted in an R<span class="hlt">2</span>* <span class="hlt">CV</span> that was approximately twofold higher than the R<span class="hlt">2</span>* <span class="hlt">CV</span> from BH multiecho GRE imaging and FB multiecho UTE imaging. The R<span class="hlt">2</span>* <span class="hlt">CV</span> was relatively constant over the range of R<span class="hlt">2</span>* values for FB multiecho UTE, but it increased with increases in R<span class="hlt">2</span>* for FB multiecho GRE imaging, reflecting that motion artifacts had a stronger impact on R<span class="hlt">2</span>* estimation with increasing iron burden. FB multiecho UTE imaging was less motion sensitive because of radial sampling, produced excellent image quality, and yielded accurate R<span class="hlt">2</span>* estimates within the same acquisition time used for multiaveraged FB multiecho GRE imaging. Thus, FB multiecho UTE imaging is a viable alternative for accurate HIC assessment</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24518320','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24518320"><span>Relationships between harvest time and wine composition in Vitis vinifera L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Cabernet Sauvignon <span class="hlt">2</span>. Wine sensory properties and consumer preference.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bindon, Keren; Holt, Helen; Williamson, Patricia O; Varela, Cristian; Herderich, Markus; Francis, I Leigh</p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>A series of five Vitis vinifera L. <span class="hlt">cv</span> Cabernet Sauvignon wines were produced from sequentially-harvested grape parcels, with alcohol concentrations between 12% v/v and 15.5% v/v. A multidisciplinary approach, combining sensory analysis, consumer testing and detailed chemical analysis was used to better define the relationship between grape maturity, wine composition and sensory quality. The sensory attribute ratings for dark fruit, hotness and viscosity increased in wines produced from riper grapes, while the ratings for the attributes red fruit and fresh green decreased. Consumer testing of the wines revealed that the lowest-alcohol wines (12% v/v) were the least preferred and wines with ethanol concentration between 13% v/v and 15.5% v/v were equally liked <span class="hlt">by</span> consumers. Partial least squares regression identified that many sensory attributes were strongly associated with the compositional data, providing evidence of wine chemical components which are important to wine sensory properties and consumer preferences, and which change as the grapes used for winemaking ripen. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5240734','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5240734"><span>Loss of Inositol Phosphorylceramide Sphingolipid Mannosylation Induces Plant Immune Responses and Reduces Cellulose Content in Arabidopsis[OPEN</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ishikawa, Toshiki; Rennie, Emilie A.; Lao, Jeemeng; Yan, Jingwei; Tsai, Alex Yi-Lin; Baidoo, Edward E.K.; Demura, Taku; Kawai-Yamada, Maki</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs) are a class of glycosylated sphingolipids found in plants, fungi, and protozoa. These lipids are abundant in the plant plasma membrane, forming ∼25% of total plasma membrane lipids. Little is known about the function of the glycosylated headgroup, but two recent studies have indicated that they play a key role in plant signaling and defense. Here, we show that a member of glycosyltransferase family 64, previously named ECTOPICALLY PARTING CELLS1, is likely a Golgi-localized GIPC-specific mannosyl-transferase, which we renamed GIPC MANNOSYL-TRANSFERASE1 (GMT1). Sphingolipid analysis revealed that the Arabidopsis thaliana gmt1 mutant almost completely lacks mannose-carrying GIPCs. Heterologous expression of GMT1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) <span class="hlt">cv</span> Bright Yellow <span class="hlt">2</span> resulted in the production of non-native mannosylated GIPCs. gmt1 displays a severe dwarfed phenotype and a constitutive hypersensitive response characterized <span class="hlt">by</span> elevated salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide levels, similar to that we previously reported for the Golgi-localized, GIPC-specific, GDP-Man transporter GONST1 (Mortimer et al., 2013). Unexpectedly, we show that gmt1 cell walls have a reduction in cellulose content, although other matrix polysaccharides are unchanged. PMID:27895225</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011BSRSL..80..125D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011BSRSL..80..125D"><span>Tracing WR wind structures <span class="hlt">by</span> using the orbiting companion in the 29d WC8d + O8-9IV binary <span class="hlt">CV</span> Ser</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>David-Uraz, Alexandre; Moffat, Anthony F. J.; Chené, André Nicolas; Lange, Nicholas</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>We have obtained continuous, high-precision, broadband visible photometry from the MOST satellite of <span class="hlt">CV</span> Ser over more than a full orbit in order to link the small-scale light-curve variations to extinction due to wind structures in the WR component, thus permitting us to trace these structures. The light-curve presented unexpected characteristics, in particular eclipses with a varying depth. Parallel optical spectroscopy from the Mont Megantic Observatory and Dominion Astrophysical Observatory was obtained to refine the orbital and wind-collision parameters, as well as to reveal line emission from clumps.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2649396','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2649396"><span>Analysis of the Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> Stigma/Style Transcriptome Reveals Gene Expression Differences between Wet and Dry Stigma Species1[W][OA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Quiapim, Andréa C.; Brito, Michael S.; Bernardes, Luciano A.S.; daSilva, Idalete; Malavazi, Iran; DePaoli, Henrique C.; Molfetta-Machado, Jeanne B.; Giuliatti, Silvana; Goldman, Gustavo H.; Goldman, Maria Helena S.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>The success of plant reproduction depends on pollen-pistil interactions occurring at the stigma/style. These interactions vary depending on the stigma type: wet or dry. Tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) represents a model of wet stigma, and its stigmas/styles express genes to accomplish the appropriate functions. For a large-scale study of gene expression during tobacco pistil development and preparation for pollination, we generated 11,216 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from stigmas/styles and created the TOBEST database. These ESTs were assembled in 6,177 clusters, from which 52.1% are pistil transcripts/genes of unknown function. The 21 clusters with the highest number of ESTs (putative higher expression levels) correspond to genes associated with defense mechanisms or pollen-pistil interactions. The database analysis unraveled tobacco sequences homologous to the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genes involved in specifying pistil identity or determining normal pistil morphology and function. Additionally, 782 independent clusters were examined <span class="hlt">by</span> macroarray, revealing 46 stigma/style preferentially expressed genes. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction experiments validated the pistil-preferential expression for nine out of 10 genes tested. A search for these 46 genes in the Arabidopsis pistil data sets demonstrated that only 11 sequences, with putative equivalent molecular functions, are expressed in this dry stigma species. The reverse search for the Arabidopsis pistil genes in the TOBEST exposed a partial overlap between these dry and wet stigma transcriptomes. The TOBEST represents the most extensive survey of gene expression in the stigmas/styles of wet stigma plants, and our results indicate that wet and dry stigmas/styles express common as well as distinct genes in preparation for the pollination process. PMID:19052150</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29139315','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29139315"><span>Statin use and risk for type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes: what clinicians should know.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Maki, Kevin C; Diwadkar-Navsariwala, Veda; Kramer, Melvyn W</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Statins are the first line of pharmacologic treatment for the management of hypercholesterolemia in patients at risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) disease. In recent years, several randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies have reported increased risk for new-onset type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes mellitus (T<span class="hlt">2</span>D) with statin treatment, particularly with use of high-intensity statins that reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <span class="hlt">by</span> 50% or more. This paper summarizes the data from RCTs and observational studies for statin-associated T<span class="hlt">2</span>D risk, and puts into perspective this evidence, weighed against the established benefits of statin therapy for <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk reduction. In RCTs, the increase in T<span class="hlt">2</span>D risk with statin therapy appears to be attributable mainly to those with major T<span class="hlt">2</span>D risk factors. The increase in incidence of T<span class="hlt">2</span>D in those with major risk is approximately 25% for statin use, compared to placebo, and for intensive statin therapy compared to moderate-intensity statin therapy. However, in those with major T<span class="hlt">2</span>D risk factors, the number of <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease events prevented for each excess case of T<span class="hlt">2</span>D is close to or greater than one, indicating that the risk-benefit ratio still strongly favors use of statin therapy, or intensive statin therapy, for patients with sufficient <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease risk to warrant cholesterol-lowering drug therapy. Recommendations are summarized for evaluation of the T<span class="hlt">2</span>D risk factor profile before initiation of and during statin therapy. In addition, the importance of lifestyle management and other preventive measures is emphasized for management of risks for both T<span class="hlt">2</span>D and <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease events in patients receiving statin therapy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18449499','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18449499"><span>In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Jaceosidin from Artemisia princeps Pampanini <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Sajabal.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kim, Min-Jung; Han, Jong-Min; Jin, Yue-Yan; Baek, Nam-In; Bang, Myun-Ho; Chung, Hae-Gon; Choi, Myung-Sook; Lee, Kyung-Tae; Sok, Dai-Eun; Jeong, Tae-Sook</p> <p>2008-04-01</p> <p>Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) plays a key role in the inflammatory processes of atherosclerosis. Jaceosidin isolated from the methanolic extracts of the aerial parts of Artemisia princeps Pampanini <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Sajabal was tested for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Jaceosidin inhibited the Cu(<span class="hlt">2</span>+)-mediated LDL oxidation with IC(50) values of 10.<span class="hlt">2</span> microM in the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay as well as the macrophage-mediated LDL oxidation. The antioxidant activities of jaceosidin were exhibited in the conjugated diene production, relative electrophoretic mobility, and apoB-100 fragmentation on copper-mediated LDL oxidation. Jaceosidin also inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) concerning in regulation of NF-kappaB signaling. And jaceosidin inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activity, nitric oxide (NO) production, and suppressed expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.8812K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.8812K"><span>Using the concentration-volume (<span class="hlt">C-V</span>) fractal model in the delineation of gold mineralized zones within the Tepeoba porphyry Cu-Mo-Au, Balikesir, NW Turkey</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kumral, Mustafa; Abdelnasser, Amr; Karaman, Muhittin; Budakoglu, Murat</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The Tepeoba porphyry Cu-Mo-Au mineralization that located at the Biga peninsula (W Turkey) developed around the Eybek pluton concentrated at its southern contact. This mineralization that hosted in the hornfels rocks of Karakaya Complex is associated with three main alteration zones; potassic, phyllic and propylitic alterations along the fault controlled margins of the Eybek pluton and quartz stockwork veining as well as brecciation zones. As well as two mineralized zones were occurred in the mine area; hypogene and oxidation/supergene zone. The hypogene zone has differentiated alteration types; high potassic and low phyllic alteration, while the oxidation/supergene zone has high phyllic and propylitic alterations. This work deals with the delineation of gold mineralized zone within this porphyry deposit using the concentration-volume (<span class="hlt">C-V</span>) fractal model. Five zones of gold were calculated using its power-law <span class="hlt">C-V</span> relationship that revealed that the main phase of gold mineralization stated at 5.3083 ppm Au concentration. In addition, the <span class="hlt">C-V</span> log-log plot shows that the highly and moderately Au mineralization zone developed in western part of deposit correlated with oxidation zone related to propylitic alteration. On the other hand, its weakly mineralization zone has a widespread in the hypogene zone related to potassic alteration. This refers to the enrichment of gold and depletion of copper at the oxidation/supergene zone is due to the oxidation/supergene alteration processes that enrich the deposits <span class="hlt">by</span> the meteoric water. Keywords: Concentration-volume (<span class="hlt">C-V</span>) fractal model; gold mineralized zone; Tepeoba porphyry Cu-Mo-Au; Balikesir; NW Turkey.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26578430','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26578430"><span>Utility of Saxagliptin in the Treatment of Type <span class="hlt">2</span> Diabetes: Review of Efficacy and Safety.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jain, Rajeev</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>Type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes mellitus (T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM) is a complex disease in which multiple organs and hormones contribute to the pathogenesis of disease. The intestinal hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), secreted in response to nutrient ingestion, increases insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and reduces glucagon secretion from pancreatic α-cells. GLP-1 is inactivated <span class="hlt">by</span> the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme. Saxagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor that prevents the degradation of endogenous GLP-1 and prolongs its actions on insulin and glucagon secretion. This article reviews the efficacy and safety of saxagliptin in patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM. A PubMed literature search was conducted to identify relevant, peer-reviewed saxagliptin clinical trial articles published between January 2008 and June 2015. Search terms included "saxagliptin" and "DPP-4 inhibitors". In clinical trials, saxagliptin significantly improved glycemic control when used as monotherapy or as add-on therapy to other antidiabetes agents and was associated with a low risk of hypoglycemia. In a large cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) outcomes trial (SAVOR) in patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM and with established <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease or multiple <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk factors, saxagliptin neither increased nor decreased <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk compared with placebo as assessed <span class="hlt">by</span> the composite end point of death from <span class="hlt">CV</span> causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. Unexpectedly, more patients in the saxagliptin (3.5%) than in the placebo group (<span class="hlt">2</span>.8%) were hospitalized for heart failure. Saxagliptin demonstrated statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in glycemic control and a low risk of hypoglycemia in patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM. However, this positive profile needs to be tempered <span class="hlt">by</span> the observation of an increased risk of hospitalization for heart failure in the SAVOR trial. Results from ongoing <span class="hlt">CV</span> outcome trials with other DPP-4 inhibitors may provide additional data on how best to manage patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM who are at risk for heart failure. Astra</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29767671','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29767671"><span>Significance of an Increase in Diastolic Blood Pressure during a Stress Test in Terms of Comorbidities and Long-term Total and <span class="hlt">CV</span> Mortality.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sydó, Nóra; Sydó, Tibor; Gonzalez Carta, Karina A; Hussain, Nasir; Merkely, Béla; Murphy, Joseph G; Squires, Ray W; Lopez-Jimenez, Francisco; Allison, Thomas G</p> <p>2018-05-15</p> <p>A decrease in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with exercise is considered normal, but the significance of an increase in DBP has not been validated. Our aim was to determine the relationship of DBP increasing on a stress test regarding comorbidities and mortality. Our database was reviewed from 1993-2010 using the first stress test of a patient. Non-Minnesota residence, baseline <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease, rest DBP <60 or >100 mmHg, and age <30 or ≥80 were exclusion criteria. DBP response was classified Normal if peak DBP-rest DBP <0, Borderline 0-9, Abnormal ≥10mmHg. Mortality was determined from Mayo Clinic records and Minnesota Death Index. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship of DBP response to presence of comorbidities. Cox regression was used to determine total and <span class="hlt">CV</span> mortality risk <span class="hlt">by</span> DBP response. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex and resting DBP. 20760 patients were included (51±11 years, female n=7314). Rest/peak averaged DBP 82±8/69 ±15 mmHg in normal vs 79±9/82±9 mmHg in borderline vs 76±9/92±11 mmHg in abnormal DBP response. There were 1582 deaths (8%) with 557 (3%) <span class="hlt">CV</span> deaths over 12±5 years of follow-up. In patients with borderline and abnormal DBP response, odds ratios for obesity, hypertension, diabetes and current smoking were significant, while hazard ratios for total and <span class="hlt">CV</span> death were not significant compared to patients with normal DBP response. DBP response to exercise is significantly associated with important comorbidities at the time of the stress test but does not add to the prognostic yield of stress test.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25035992','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25035992"><span>Extraction of arbutin and its comparative content in branches, leaves, stems, and fruits of Japanese pear Pyrus pyrifolia <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Kousui.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sasaki, Chizuru; Ichitani, Masaki; Kunimoto, Ko-Ki; Asada, Chikako; Nakamura, Yoshitoshi</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Arbutin is a tyrosinase inhibitor and is extensively used as a human skin-whitening agent. This study investigated the optimum conditions for extracting arbutin <span class="hlt">by</span> ultrasonic homogenization from discarded branches pruned from Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Kousui) trees. The arbutin content was measured in the branches and also in the leaves, stems, fruit peel, and fruit flesh.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5245806','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5245806"><span>Advances in the management of cardiovascular risk for patients with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes: perspectives from the Academy for Cardiovascular Risk, Outcomes and Safety Studies in Type <span class="hlt">2</span> Diabetes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Schernthaner, Guntram; Jarvis, Sarah; Lotan, Chaim; Prázný, Martin; Wanner, Christoph; Wascher, Thomas C</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Diabetes is a global health emergency projected to affect 642 million people <span class="hlt">by</span> 2040. Type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes (T<span class="hlt">2</span>D) represents 90% of diabetes cases and is associated with a range of cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) risk factors that are more than double the incidence of <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease and significantly increase mortality rates. Diabetes treatments have typically focused on improving glycemic control but their effect on <span class="hlt">CV</span> outcomes has remained uncertain. In 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) looked to address this knowledge gap and mandated <span class="hlt">CV</span> outcome trials (CVOTs) for all new antidiabetic therapies. In 2015, EMPA-REG OUTCOME® became the first CVOT to present results for a sodium/glucose cotransporter <span class="hlt">2</span> (SGLT<span class="hlt">2</span>; also known as SLC5A<span class="hlt">2</span>) inhibitor, empagliflozin. Subsequently, a regional meeting of the Academy for Cardiovascular Risk, Outcomes and Safety Studies in Type <span class="hlt">2</span> Diabetes (ACROSS T<span class="hlt">2</span>D) brought together a respected faculty of international experts and 150 physicians from 14 countries to discuss the current unmet medical needs of patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>D, the results from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study and the implications of these results for clinical practice. This article summarizes the current scientific evidence and the discussions that took place at the ACROSS T<span class="hlt">2</span>D regional meeting, which was held in Vienna, Austria, on May 30, 2016. PMID:28144148</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17179184','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17179184"><span>Perianth bottom-specific blue color development in Tulip <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Murasakizuisho requires ferric ions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shoji, Kazuaki; Miki, Naoko; Nakajima, Noriyuki; Momonoi, Kazumi; Kato, Chiharu; Yoshida, Kumi</p> <p>2007-02-01</p> <p>The entire flower of Tulipa gesneriana <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Murasakizuisho is purple, except the bottom, which is blue. To elucidate the mechanism of the different color development in the same petal, we prepared protoplasts from the purple and blue epidermal regions and measured the flavonoid composition <span class="hlt">by</span> HPLC, the vacuolar pH <span class="hlt">by</span> a proton-selective microelectrode, and element contents <span class="hlt">by</span> the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) method. Chemical analyses revealed that the anthocyanin and flavonol compositions in both purple and blue colored protoplasts were the same; delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside (1) and major three flavonol glycosides, manghaslin (<span class="hlt">2</span>), rutin (3) and mauritianin (4). The vacuolar pH values of the purple and blue protoplasts were 5.5 and 5.6, respectively, without any significant difference. However, the Fe(3+) content in the blue protoplast was approximately 9.5 mM, which was 25 times higher than that in the purple protoplasts. We could reproduce the purple solution <span class="hlt">by</span> mixing 1 with two equimolar concentrations of flavonol with lambda(vismax) = 539 nm, which was identical to that of the purple protoplasts. Furthermore, addition of Fe(3+) to the mixture of 1-4 gave the blue solution with lambda(vismax) = 615 nm identical to that of the blue protoplasts. We have established that Fe(3+) is essential for blue color development in the tulip.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20355014','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20355014"><span>Characterisation of a haemagglutinin from Hokkaido red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Hokkaido red bean).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wong, Jack H; Wan, Chung T; Ng, Tzi B</p> <p>2010-01-15</p> <p>A haemagglutinin was purified from Japanese Hokkaido red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Hokkaido red bean) with a procedure that included three chromatographic media. Haemagglutinating activity was adsorbed on DEAE cellulose, Affi-gel blue gel and Mono S. The pure haemagglutinin was a homodimer and each subunit was around 30 kDa in molecular mass. The haemagglutinating activity of this agglutinin could not be inhibited <span class="hlt">by</span> a variety of simple sugars at 200 mmol L(-1) concentration including alpha-L-fucose, D(+)-galactose, D(+)-glucose, D(+)-glucosamine, D(-)galactosamine, galacturonic acid, (+)-lactose, D(+)-melibose, L(-)-mannose, D(+)-mannose, D-mannosamine, D(+)-raffinose, L-rhamnose, (+)-xylose and galacturonic acid. The haemagglutinating activity was fully retained at pH 4-11 and at 0-80 degrees C, but was completely lost at extreme pH values (0-<span class="hlt">2</span> and 13-14) and at very high temperatures (90 degrees C and 100 degrees C). The haemagglutinin exhibited a weak mitogenic activity toward mouse splenocytes, a stronger anti-proliferative activity than Con A toward HepG<span class="hlt">2</span> (human hepatoma) cells and inhibited >80% of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity at 3.3 micromol L(-1). It was devoid of anti-fungal activity. Hokkaido red bean haemagglutinin possesses a potent anti-proliferative effect on HepG<span class="hlt">2</span> cells. Copyright (c) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28025462','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28025462"><span>Empagliflozin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Asian Patients With Type <span class="hlt">2</span> Diabetes and Established Cardiovascular Disease - Results From EMPA-REG OUTCOME®.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kaku, Kohei; Lee, Jisoo; Mattheus, Michaela; Kaspers, Stefan; George, Jyothis; Woerle, Hans-Juergen</p> <p>2017-01-25</p> <p>In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME ® trial, empagliflozin added to standard of care reduced the risk of 3-point major adverse cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) events (3-point MACE: composite of <span class="hlt">CV</span> death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or non-fatal stroke) <span class="hlt">by</span> 14%, <span class="hlt">CV</span> death <span class="hlt">by</span> 38%, hospitalization for heart failure <span class="hlt">by</span> 35%, and all-cause mortality <span class="hlt">by</span> 32% in patients with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes (T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM) and established <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease. We investigated the effects of empagliflozin in patients of Asian race.Methods and Results:Patients were randomized to receive empagliflozin 10 mg, empagliflozin 25 mg, or placebo. Of 7,020 patients treated, 1,517 (21.6%) were of Asian race. The reduction in 3-point MACE in Asian patients was consistent with the overall population: 3-point MACE occurred in 79/1,006 patients (7.9%) in the pooled empagliflozin group vs. 58/511 patients (11.4%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio: 0.68 [95% confidence interval: 0.48-0.95], P-value for treatment <span class="hlt">by</span> race interaction (Asian, White, Black/African-American): 0.0872). The effects of empagliflozin on the components of MACE, all-cause mortality, and heart failure outcomes in Asian patients were consistent with the overall population (P-values for interaction <span class="hlt">by</span> race >0.05). The adverse event profile of empagliflozin in Asian patients was similar to the overall trial population. Reductions in the risk of <span class="hlt">CV</span> outcomes and mortality with empagliflozin in Asian patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM and established <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease were consistent with the overall trial population.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22125160','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22125160"><span>Molecular mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene Eg-3 in cultivated oat (Avena sativa L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Rollo).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mohler, Volker; Zeller, Friedrich J; Hsam, Sai L K</p> <p>2012-05-01</p> <p>Powdery mildew is a prevalent fungal disease affecting oat (Avena sativa L.) production in Europe. Common oat cultivar Rollo was previously shown to carry the powdery mildew resistance gene Eg-3 in common with cultivar Mostyn. The resistance gene was mapped with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers from Triticeae group-1 chromosomes using a population of F(3) lines from a cross between A. byzantina <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Kanota and A. sativa <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Rollo. This comparative mapping approach positioned Eg-3 between cDNA-RFLP marker loci cmwg706 and cmwg733. Since both marker loci were derived from the long arm of barley chromosome 1H, the subchromosomal location of Eg-3 was assumed to be on the long arm of oat chromosome 17. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker technology featured as an efficient means for obtaining markers closely linked to Eg-3.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19780022206','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19780022206"><span>NASA/ESA <span class="hlt">CV</span>-990 Spacelab Simulation (ASSESS <span class="hlt">2</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1977-01-01</p> <p>Cost effective techniques for addressing management and operational activities on Spacelab were identified and analyzed during a ten day NASA-ESA cooperative mission with payload and flight responsibilities handled <span class="hlt">by</span> the organization assigned for early Spacelabs. Topics discussed include: (1) management concepts and interface relationships; (<span class="hlt">2</span>) experiment selection; (3) hardware development; (4) payload integration and checkout; (5) selection and training of mission specialists and payload specialists; (6) mission control center/payload operations control center interactions with ground and flight problems; (7) real time interaction during flight between principal investigators and the mission specialist/payload specialist flight crew; and (8) retrieval of scientific data and its analysis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040121787&hterms=chloride&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dchloride','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040121787&hterms=chloride&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dchloride"><span>Effect of ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and root-zone acidity on inorganic ion content of tobacco</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Vessey, J. K.; Raper, C. D. Jr; Henry, L. T.; Raper CD, J. r. (Principal Investigator)</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>Tobacco plants (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L. <span class="hlt">cv</span> NC82) were supplied with (NH4)<span class="hlt">2</span>SO4 or NH4Cl at root-zone pH of 6.0 and 4.5 in hydroponic culture for 28 days. Dry matter accumulation, total N and C content, and leaf area and number were not affected <span class="hlt">by</span> the NH4+ source or root-zone pH. Plants supplied with NH4Cl accumulated up to 1.<span class="hlt">2</span> mM Cl g DW-1, but accumulated 37% less inorganic H<span class="hlt">2</span>PO4- and 47% less SO4(<span class="hlt">2</span>-) than plants supplied with (NH4)<span class="hlt">2</span>SO4. The large Cl- accumulation resulted in NH4Cl- supplied plants having a 31% higher inorganic anion (NO3-, H<span class="hlt">2</span>, PO4-, SO4(<span class="hlt">2</span>-), and Cl-) charge. This higher inorganic anion charge in the NH4Cl-supplied plants was balanced <span class="hlt">by</span> a similar increase in K+ charge. Plants supplied with NH4Cl accumulated greater concentrations of Cl- in leaves (up to 5.1% of DW) than plants supplied with (NH4)<span class="hlt">2</span>SO4 (less than -% DW). Despite the high Cl- concentration of leaves in NH4Cl supplied plants, these plants showed no symptoms of Cl- toxicity. This demonstrates that toxicity symptoms are not due solely to an interaction between high Cl- concentration in tissue and NH4+ nutrition. The increase in root-zone acidity to pH 4.5 from 6.0 did not induce toxicity symptoms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24630410','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24630410"><span>ICP OES and <span class="hlt">CV</span> AAS in determination of mercury in an unusual fatal case of long-term exposure to elemental mercury in a teenager.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lech, Teresa</p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>In this work, a case of deliberate self-poisoning is presented. A 14-year-old girl suddenly died during one of the several hospitalizations. Abdominal computer tomography showed a large number of metallic particles in the large intestine. Analysis of blood and internal organs for mercury and other toxic metals carried out <span class="hlt">by</span> inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) revealed high concentrations of mercury in kidneys and liver (64,200 and 2470ng/g, respectively), less in stomach (90ng/g), and none in blood. Using cold vapor-atomic absorption spectrometry (<span class="hlt">CV</span> AAS), high levels of mercury were confirmed in all examined materials, including blood (87ng/g), and additionally in hair. The results of analysis obtained <span class="hlt">by</span> two techniques revealed that the exposure to mercury was considerable (some time later, it was stated that the mercury originated from thermometers that had been broken over the course of about 1 year, because of Münchausen syndrome). <span class="hlt">CV</span> AAS is a more sensitive technique, particularly for blood samples (negative results using ICP OES), and tissue samples - with LOQ: 0.63ng/g of Hg (<span class="hlt">CV</span> AAS) vis-à-vis 70ng/g of Hg (ICP OES). However, ICP OES may be used as a screening technique for autopsy material in acute poisoning <span class="hlt">by</span> a heavy metal, even one as volatile as mercury. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21337254','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21337254"><span>Chemical composition and bioactivity of Citrus medica L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Diamante essential oil obtained <span class="hlt">by</span> hydrodistillation, cold-pressing and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Menichini, Federica; Tundis, Rosa; Bonesi, Marco; de Cindio, Bruno; Loizzo, Monica R; Conforti, Filomena; Statti, Giancarlo A; Menabeni, Roberta; Bettini, Ruggero; Menichini, Francesco</p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>The chemical composition of the essential oil of Citrus medica L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Diamante peel obtained <span class="hlt">by</span> hydrodistillation, cold-pressing and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction techniques was determined <span class="hlt">by</span> GC/MS analysis. Forty-six components were fully characterised. Limonene and γ-terpinene were the major components of the oils obtained <span class="hlt">by</span> hydrodistillation (HD) and cold-pressing (CP), while citropten was the major constituent in the oil obtained <span class="hlt">by</span> supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities were evaluated. The essential oil obtained <span class="hlt">by</span> hydrodistillation exerted the highest inhibitory activity against BChE (IC₅₀ value of 154.6 µg mL⁻¹) and AChE (IC₅₀ value of 171.3 µg mL⁻¹. Interestingly, the oil obtained <span class="hlt">by</span> cold-pressing exhibited a selective inhibitory activity against AChE. The essential oils have also been evaluated for the inhibition of NO production in LPS induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. The oil obtained <span class="hlt">by</span> hydrodistillation exerted a significant inhibition of NO production with an IC₅₀ value of 17 µg mL⁻¹ (IC₅₀ of positive control 53 µg mL⁻¹).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19937342','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19937342"><span>Effect of nitrate supply and mycorrhizal inoculation on characteristics of tobacco root plasma membrane vesicles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Moche, Martin; Stremlau, Stefanie; Hecht, Lars; Göbel, Cornelia; Feussner, Ivo; Stöhr, Christine</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Plant plasma membrane (pm) vesicles from mycorrhizal tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Samsun) roots were isolated with negligible fungal contamination <span class="hlt">by</span> the aqueous two-phase partitioning technique as proven <span class="hlt">by</span> fatty acid analysis. Palmitvaccenic acid became apparent as an appropriate indicator for fungal membranes in root pm preparations. The pm vesicles had a low specific activity of the vanadate-sensitive ATPase and probably originated from non-infected root cells. In a phosphate-limited tobacco culture system, root colonisation <span class="hlt">by</span> the vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus mosseae, is inhibited <span class="hlt">by</span> external nitrate in a dose-dependent way. However, detrimental high concentrations of 25 mM nitrate lead to the highest colonisation rate observed, indicating that the defence system of the plant is impaired. Nitric oxide formation <span class="hlt">by</span> the pm-bound nitrite:NO reductase increased in parallel with external nitrate supply in mycorrhizal roots in comparison to the control plants, but decreased under excess nitrate. Mycorrhizal pm vesicles had roughly a twofold higher specific activity as the non-infected control plants when supplied with 10-15 mM nitrate.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5183605','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5183605"><span>Bensulfuron-Methyl Treatment of Soil Affects the Infestation of Whitefly, Aphid, and Tobacco Mosaic Virus on Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Li, Renyi; Islam, Saif Ul; Wu, Zujian; Ye, Xiujuan</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) is widely used in paddy soil for weed control. BSM residue in the soil has been known to inhibit the growth of sensitive crop plants. However, it is unknown whether BSM residue can affect the agrosystem in general. In this study, we have found significant effects of BSM on the infestation of Bemisia tabaci, Myzus persicae, and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>. The soil was treated with BSM before the pest inoculation. The herbicide-treated tobaccos showed resistance to B. tabaci, but this resistance could not be detected until 15-day post-infestation when smaller number of adults B. tabaci appeared. In M. persicae assay, the longevity of all development stages of insects, and the fecundity of insects were not significantly affected when feeding on BSM-treated plants. In TMV assay, the BSM treatment also reduced virus-induced lesions in early infection time. However, the titer of TMV in BSM treated plants increased greatly over time and was over 40-fold higher than the mock-infected control plants after 20 days. Further studies showed that BSM treatment increased both jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) levels in tobacco, as well as the expression of target genes in the JA and SA signaling pathways, such as NtWIPK, NtPR1a, and NtPAL. NtPR1a and NtPAL were initially suppressed after virus-inoculation, while NtRDR1 and NtRDR6, which play a key role in fighting virus infection, only showed up- or were down-regulated 20 days post virus-inoculation. Taken together, our results suggested that BSM residue in the soil may affect the metabolism of important phytohormones such as JA and SA in sensitive plants and consequently affect the plant immune response against infections such as whitefly, aphids, and viruses. PMID:28083007</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28526416','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28526416"><span>Treatment Strategy for Type <span class="hlt">2</span> Diabetes with Obesity: Focus on Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ji, Qiuhe</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>The progressive nature of type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes mellitus (T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM) calls for step-wise intensification of therapy for maintaining normal glycemic levels and lowering cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) risk. Because obesity is a prominent risk factor and comorbidity of T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM, it further elevates the <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk in T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM. Therefore, it is vital to manage weight, obesity, and glycemic parameters for effective T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM management. Few oral antidiabetic drugs (sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones) and insulin are not suitable for obese patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM because these drugs cause weight gain. The present review discusses the place of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in the treatment of obese patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM and the significance of these drugs in the prevention of future <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk in patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM. A literature search of PubMed and EMBASE was conducted <span class="hlt">by</span> using the search terms T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM, GLP-1RAs, obesity, and cardiovascular complication. Randomized controlled trials measuring the effect of GLP-1RAs versus that of placebo on <span class="hlt">CV</span> outcomes were included in the review. GLP-1RAs have emerged as a therapeutic alternative; these drugs exert their actions <span class="hlt">by</span> providing glycemic control, improving insulin resistance and ö̇-cell function, and reducing weight. The risk of hypoglycemia with GLP-1RAs is minimal; however, GLP-1RAs are associated with gastrointestinal adverse events and raise concerns regarding pancreatitis. Combining GLP-1RAs with insulin analogues results in higher efficacy, a lowered insulin dose, and reduced insulin-related hypoglycemia and weight gain. Longer acting GLP-1RAs are also associated with improvement in medication adherence. Improvement in <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk factors such as blood pressure and lipid profile further increases their usability for improving <span class="hlt">CV</span> outcomes. Overall, the properties of GLP-1RAs make them suitable for combination with oral antidiabetic drugs in the early stages of T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM and with insulins in the later stages for optimizing comprehensive management of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-ARC-1981-AC81-0122-2.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-ARC-1981-AC81-0122-2.html"><span>ARC-1981-AC81-0122-<span class="hlt">2</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>1981-02-25</p> <p>NASA Aircraft on ramp (Aerial view) Sides: (L) QSRA (R) C-8A AWJSRA - Back to Front: <span class="hlt">CV</span>-990 (711) C-141 KAO, <span class="hlt">CV</span>-990 (712) Galileo, T-38, YO-3A, Lear Jet, X-14, U-<span class="hlt">2</span>, OH-6, CH-47, SH-3G, RSRA, AH-1G, XV-15, UH-1H</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeCoA.227...19C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeCoA.227...19C"><span>Chronology of formation of early solar system solids from bulk Mg isotope analyses of <span class="hlt">CV</span>3 chondrules</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Hsin-Wei; Claydon, Jennifer L.; Elliott, Tim; Coath, Christopher D.; Lai, Yi-Jen; Russell, Sara S.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>We have analysed the petrography, major element abundances and bulk Al-Mg isotope systematics of 19 ferromagnesian chondrules from the <span class="hlt">CV</span>3 chondrites Allende, Mokoia, and Vigarano, together with an Al-rich chondrule and refractory olivine from Mokoia. Co-variations of Al/Mg with Na/Mg and Ti/Mg in our bulk chondrules suggest their compositions are dominantly controlled <span class="hlt">by</span> reworking of different proportions of chondrule components (e.g. mafic minerals and mesostatis); their precursors are thus fragments from prior generations of chondrules. Our samples show a range in fractionation corrected 26Mg/24Mg (Δ‧26Mg) ∼ 60 ppm, relative to precisions <±5 ppm (<span class="hlt">2</span>se) and these values broadly covary with 27Al/24Mg. The data can be used to calculate model initial 26Al/27Al, or (26Al/27Al)0, of the chondrule precursors. Our resolvably radiogenic chondrules yield model (26Al/27Al)0 ∼ 1-<span class="hlt">2</span> × 10-5, equivalent to model "ages" of precursor formation ≦1 Ma post CAI. However, many of our chondrules show near solar Δ‧26Mg and no variability despite a range in 27Al/24Mg. This suggests their derivation either from younger precursor chondrules or open system behaviour once 26Al was effectively extinct ((26Al/27Al)0 < 0.8 × 10-5, given the resolution here). Evidence for the latter explanation is provided <span class="hlt">by</span> marked rims of orthopyroxene replacing olivine, indicating reaction of chondrules with a surrounding silicate vapour. Concurrent isotopic exchange of Mg with a near chondritic vapour during late reworking could explain their isotopic systematics. One ferromagnesian object is dominated <span class="hlt">by</span> a high Mg# olivine with elevated Ti and Ca abundances. This refractory olivine has a markedly negative Δ‧26Mg = -16 ± 3 ppm (<span class="hlt">2</span>se), reflecting its early removal (model age of <0.5 Ma post CAI), from a reservoir with evolving Δ‧26Mg. If representative of the chondrule forming region, this grain defines a minimum interval of radiogenic ingrowth for <span class="hlt">CV</span> chondrites commensurate with (26Al</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28203643','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28203643"><span>Establishing elements of a synthetic biology platform for Vaccinia virus production: BioBrick™ design, serum-free virus production and microcarrier-based cultivation of <span class="hlt">CV</span>-1 cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Shuchang; Ruban, Ludmila; Wang, Yaohe; Zhou, Yuhong; Nesbeth, Darren N</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>Vaccinia virus (VACV) is an established vector for vaccination and is beginning to prove effective as an oncolytic agent. Industrial production of VACV stands to benefit in future from advances made <span class="hlt">by</span> synthetic biology in genome engineering and standardisation. The <span class="hlt">CV</span>-1 cell line can be used for VACV propagation and has been used extensively with the CRISPR/Cas9 system for making precise edits of the VACV genome. Here we take first steps toward establishing a scalable synthetic biology platform for VACV production with <span class="hlt">CV</span>-1 cells featuring standardised biological tools and serum free cell cultivation. We propose a new BioBrick™ plasmid backbone format for inserting transgenes into VACV. We then test the performance of <span class="hlt">CV</span>-1 cells in propagation of a conventional recombinant Lister strain VACV, VACVL-15 RFP, in a serum-free process. <span class="hlt">CV</span>-1 cells grown in 5% foetal bovine serum (FBS) Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) were adapted to growth in OptiPRO and VP-SFM brands of serum-free media. Specific growth rates of 0.047 h -1 and 0.044 h -1 were observed for cells adapted to OptiPRO and VP-SFM respectively, compared to 0.035 h -1 in 5% FBS DMEM. Cells adapted to OptiPRO and to 5% FBS DMEM achieved recovery ratios of over 96%, an indication of their robustness to cryopreservation. Cells adapted to VP-SFM showed a recovery ratio of 82%. Virus productivity in static culture, measured as plaque forming units (PFU) per propagator cell, was 75 PFU/cell for cells in 5% FBS DMEM. VP-SFM and OptiPRO adaptation increased VACV production to 150 PFU/cell and 350 PFU/cell respectively. Boosted PFU/cell from OptiPRO-adapted cells persisted when 5% FBS DMEM or OptiPRO medium was observed during the infection step and when titre was measured using cells adapted to 5% FBS DMEM or OptiPRO medium. Finally, OptiPRO-adapted <span class="hlt">CV</span>-1 cells were successfully cultivated using Cytodex-1 microcarriers to inform future scale up studies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3493529','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3493529"><span>Molecular and Pharmacological Characterization of Serotonin 5-HT<span class="hlt">2</span>α and 5-HT7 Receptors in the Salivary Glands of the Blowfly Calliphora vicina</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Röser, Claudia; Jordan, Nadine; Balfanz, Sabine; Baumann, Arnd; Walz, Bernd; Baumann, Otto; Blenau, Wolfgang</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Secretion in blowfly (Calliphora vicina) salivary glands is stimulated <span class="hlt">by</span> the biogenic amine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), which activates both inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)/Ca<span class="hlt">2</span>+ and cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) signalling pathways in the secretory cells. In order to characterize the signal-inducing 5-HT receptors, we cloned two cDNAs (<span class="hlt">Cv</span>5-ht<span class="hlt">2</span>α, <span class="hlt">Cv</span>5-ht7) that share high similarity with mammalian 5-HT<span class="hlt">2</span> and 5-HT7 receptor genes, respectively. RT-PCR demonstrated that both receptors are expressed in the salivary glands and brain. Stimulation of <span class="hlt">Cv</span>5-ht<span class="hlt">2</span>α-transfected mammalian cells with 5-HT elevates cytosolic [Ca<span class="hlt">2</span>+] in a dose-dependent manner (EC50 = 24 nM). In <span class="hlt">Cv</span>5-ht7-transfected cells, 5-HT produces a dose-dependent increase in [cAMP]i (EC50 = 4 nM). We studied the pharmacological profile for both receptors. Substances that appear to act as specific ligands of either <span class="hlt">Cv</span>5-HT<span class="hlt">2</span>α or <span class="hlt">Cv</span>5-HT7 in the heterologous expression system were also tested in intact blowfly salivary gland preparations. We observed that 5-methoxytryptamine (100 nM) activates only the <span class="hlt">Cv</span>5-HT<span class="hlt">2</span>α receptor, 5-carboxamidotryptamine (300 nM) activates only the <span class="hlt">Cv</span>5-HT7 receptor, and clozapine (1 µM) antagonizes the effects of 5-HT via <span class="hlt">Cv</span>5-HT7 in blowfly salivary glands, providing means for the selective activation of each of the two 5-HT receptor subtypes. This study represents the first comprehensive molecular and pharmacological characterization of two 5-HT receptors in the blowfly and permits the analysis of the physiological role of these receptors, even when co-expressed in cells, and of the modes of interaction between the Ca<span class="hlt">2</span>+- and cAMP-signalling cascades. PMID:23145175</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27873332','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27873332"><span>Monitoring of compositional changes during berry ripening in grape seed extracts of <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Sangiovese (Vitis vinifera L.).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bombai, Giuseppe; Pasini, Federica; Verardo, Vito; Sevindik, Onur; Di Foggia, Michele; Tessarin, Paola; Bregoli, Anna Maria; Caboni, Maria F; Rombolà, Adamo D</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Seed oil and flours have been attracting the interest of researchers and industry, since they contain various bioactive components. We monitored the effects of ripening on lipids, monomeric flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins and tocols concentration in seed extracts from organically cultivated <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Sangiovese vines. Linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid, followed <span class="hlt">by</span> oleic, palmitic and stearic acids. The tocols detected were α-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol and γ-tocotrienol. The proanthocyanidins degree of polymerisation ranged from dimers to dodecamers; moreover, monomeric flavan-3-ols and polymeric proanthocyanidins were detected. Total flavan-3-ols (monomers, oligomers and polymers) concentration in grape seeds decreased during ripening. Fatty acids reached the highest level in post-veraison. The concentration of these compounds varied considerably during ripening. Capric acid has been found for the first time in grape seeds. α-Tocopherol and γ-tocotrienol decreased during ripening, while α-tocotrienol increased. The HPLC analysis with fluorimetric detection, conducted for the first time on <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Sangiovese, revealed that the concentration of flavan-3-ols monomers, oligomeric proanthocyanidins and polymers greatly changed during ripening. These results suggest that the timing of bunch harvest plays a crucial role in the valorisation of grape seed flour. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014SeScT..29d5004K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014SeScT..29d5004K"><span>Electrical properties of GaN-based metal-insulator-semiconductor structures with Al<span class="hlt">2</span>O3 deposited <span class="hlt">by</span> atomic layer deposition using water and ozone as the oxygen precursors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kubo, Toshiharu; Freedsman, Joseph J.; Iwata, Yasuhiro; Egawa, Takashi</p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>Al<span class="hlt">2</span>O3 deposited <span class="hlt">by</span> atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used as an insulator in metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures for GaN-based MIS-devices. As the oxygen precursors for the ALD process, water (H<span class="hlt">2</span>O), ozone (O3), and both H<span class="hlt">2</span>O and O3 were used. The chemical characteristics of the ALD-Al<span class="hlt">2</span>O3 surfaces were investigated <span class="hlt">by</span> x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. After fabrication of MIS-diodes and MIS-high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) with the ALD-Al<span class="hlt">2</span>O3, their electrical properties were evaluated <span class="hlt">by</span> current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (<span class="hlt">C-V</span>) measurements. The threshold voltage of the <span class="hlt">C-V</span> curves for MIS-diodes indicated that the fixed charge in the Al<span class="hlt">2</span>O3 layer is decreased when using both H<span class="hlt">2</span>O and O3 as the oxygen precursors. Furthermore, MIS-HEMTs with the H<span class="hlt">2</span>O + O3-based Al<span class="hlt">2</span>O3 showed good dc I-V characteristics without post-deposition annealing of the ALD-Al<span class="hlt">2</span>O3, and the drain leakage current in the off-state region was suppressed <span class="hlt">by</span> seven orders of magnitude.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25305244','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25305244"><span>BrMYB4, a suppressor of genes for phenylpropanoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis, is down-regulated <span class="hlt">by</span> UV-B but not <span class="hlt">by</span> pigment-inducing sunlight in turnip <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Tsuda.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhang, Lili; Wang, Yu; Sun, Mei; Wang, Jing; Kawabata, Saneyuki; Li, Yuhua</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>The regulation of light-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis in Brassica rapa subsp. rapa <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Tsuda turnip was investigated using an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutant R30 with light-independent pigmentation. TILLING (targeting induced local lesions in genomes) and subsequent analysis showed that a stop codon was inserted in the R<span class="hlt">2</span>R3-MYB transcription factor gene BrMYB4 and that the encoded protein (BrMYB4mu) had lost its C-terminal region. In R30, anthocyanin accumulated in the below-ground portion of the storage root of <span class="hlt">2</span>-month-old plants. In 4-day-old seedlings and <span class="hlt">2</span>-month-old plants, expression of BrMYB4 was similar between R30 and the wild type (WT), but the expression of the cinnamate 4-hydroxylase gene (BrC4H) was markedly enhanced in R30 in the dark. In turnip seedlings, BrMYB4 expression was suppressed <span class="hlt">by</span> UV-B irradiation in the WT, but this negative regulation was absent in R30. Concomitantly, BrC4H was repressed <span class="hlt">by</span> UV-B irradiation in the WT, but stayed at high levels in R30. A gel-shift assay revealed that BrMYB4 could directly bind to the promoter region of BrC4H, but BrMYB4mu could not. The BrMYB4-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) protein could enter the nucleus in the presence of BrSAD<span class="hlt">2</span> (an importin β-like protein) nuclear transporter, but BrMYB4mu-eGFP could not. These results showed that BrMYB4 functions as a negative transcriptional regulator of BrC4H and mediates UV-B-dependent phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, while BrMYB4mu has lost this function. In the storage roots, the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes was enhanced in R30 in the dark and in sunlight in both the WT and R30. However, in the WT, anthocyanin-inducing sunlight did not suppress BrMYB4 expression. Therefore, sunlight-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis does not seem to be regulated <span class="hlt">by</span> BrMYB4. © The Author 2014. Published <span class="hlt">by</span> Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=159388','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=159388"><span>Regulation of Sterol Content in Membranes <span class="hlt">by</span> Subcellular Compartmentation of Steryl-Esters Accumulating in a Sterol-Overproducing Tobacco Mutant.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gondet, L.; Bronner, R.; Benveniste, P.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>The study of sterol overproduction in tissues of LAB 1-4 mutant tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L. <span class="hlt">cv</span> Xanthi) (P. Maillot-Vernier, H. Schaller, P. Benveniste, G. Belliard [1989] Biochem Biophys Res Commun 165: 125-130) over several generations showed that the overproduction phenotype is stable in calli, with a 10-fold stimulation of sterol content when compared with wild-type calli. However, leaves of LAB 1-4 plants obtained after two steps of self-fertilization were characterized <span class="hlt">by</span> a mere 3-fold stimulation, whereas calli obtained from these plants retained a typical sterol-overproducing mutant phenotype (i.e. a 10-fold increase of sterol content). These results suggest that the expression of the LAB 1-4 phenotype is dependent on the differentiation state of cells. Most of the sterols accumulating in the mutant tissues were present as steryl-esters, which were minor species in wild-type tissues. Subcellular fractionation showed that in both mutant and wild-type tissues, free sterols were associated mainly with microsomal membranes. In contrast, the bulk of steryl-esters present in mutant tissues was found in the soluble fraction of cells. Numerous lipid droplets were detected in the hyaloplasm of LAB 1-4 cells <span class="hlt">by</span> cytochemical and cytological techniques. After isolation, these lipid granules were shown to contain steryl-esters. These results show that the overproduced sterols of mutant tissues accumulate as steryl-esters in hyaloplasmic bodies. The esterification process thus allows regulation of the amount of free sterols in membranes <span class="hlt">by</span> subcellular compartmentation. PMID:12232218</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29307088','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29307088"><span>Physiological traits of endornavirus-infected and endornavirus-free common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) <span class="hlt">cv</span> Black Turtle Soup.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Khankhum, S; Valverde, R A</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>This study evaluated the physiological traits of eight lines of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Black Turtle Soup, four of which were double-infected with Phaseolus vulgaris endornavirus 1 and Phaseolus vulgaris endornavirus <span class="hlt">2</span>, and four of which were endornavirus-free. Plants from all eight lines were morphologically similar and did not show statistically significant differences in plant height, wet weight, number of days to flowering and pod formation, pods per plant, pod thickness, seed size, number of seeds per pod, and anthocyanin content. However, the endornavirus-infected lines had faster seed germination, longer radicle, lower chlorophyll content, higher carotene content, longer pods, and higher weight of 100 seeds, all of which were statistically significant. The endornaviruses were not associated with visible pathogenic effects.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/9443','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/9443"><span>Simulation Model for the Convair <span class="hlt">CV</span>-880 and Boeing 720 B Aircraft-Autopilot Systems in the Approach Configuration</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>1971-07-01</p> <p>This report presents the basic equations and data required to simulate the Convair <span class="hlt">CV</span>-880 and Boeing 720 B aircraft-autopilot systems in the approach configuration from altitude and heading hold down to flare. The approach maneuver is discussed in Se...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23597191','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23597191"><span>Smoking cessation and the risk of cardiovascular disease outcomes predicted from established risk scores: results of the Cardiovascular Risk Assessment among Smokers in Primary Care in Europe (<span class="hlt">CV</span>-ASPIRE) study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mallaina, Pablo; Lionis, Christos; Rol, Hugo; Imperiali, Renzo; Burgess, Andrew; Nixon, Mark; Malvestiti, Franco Mondello</p> <p>2013-04-18</p> <p>Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This multicenter, cross-sectional survey was designed to estimate the cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) risk attributable to smoking using risk assessment tools, to better understand patient behaviors and characteristics related to smoking, and characterize physician practice patterns. 1,439 smokers were recruited from Europe during 2011. Smokers were ≥40 years old, smoked > 10 cigarettes/day and had recent measurements on blood pressure and lipids. <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk was calculated using the SCORE system, Framingham risk equations, and Progetto CUORE model. The <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk attributable to smoking was evaluated using a simulated control (hypothetical non-smoker) with identical characteristics as the enrolled smoker. Risks assessed included <span class="hlt">CV</span> mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD), CVD and hard CHD. Demographics, comorbidities, primary reasons for consultation, behavior towards previous attempts to quit, and interest in smoking cessation was assessed. Dependence on nicotine was evaluated using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. GP practice patterns were assessed through a questionnaire. The prediction models consistently demonstrated a high <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk attributable to smoking. For instance, the SCORE model demonstrated that this study population of smokers have a 100% increased probability of death due to cardiovascular disease in the next 10-years compared to non-smokers. A considerable amount of patients would like to hear from their GP about the different alternatives available to support their quitting attempt. The findings of this study reinforce the importance of smoking as a significant predictor of long-term cardiovascular events. One of the best gains in health could be obtained <span class="hlt">by</span> tackling the most important modifiable risk factors; these results suggest smoking is among the most important.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15351324','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15351324"><span>Differential effect of Coriolus versicolor (Yunzhi) extract on cytokine production <span class="hlt">by</span> murine lymphocytes in vitro.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ho, C Y; Lau, Clara B S; Kim, C F; Leung, K N; Fung, K P; Tse, T F; Chan, Helen H L; Chow, Moses S S</p> <p>2004-11-01</p> <p>Being one of the commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs, Coriolus versicolor (<span class="hlt">CV</span>), also named as Yunzhi, was known to possess both anti-tumor and immunopotentiating activities. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro immunomodulatory effect of a standardized ethanol-water extract prepared from <span class="hlt">CV</span> on the proliferation of murine splenic lymphocytes using the MTT assay, and the production of six T helper (Th)-related cytokines using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The results showed that the <span class="hlt">CV</span> extract significantly augmented the proliferation of murine splenic lymphocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner, maximally <span class="hlt">by</span> <span class="hlt">2</span>.4-fold. Moreover, the production of two Th1-related cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-<span class="hlt">2</span> and IL-12, in culture supernatants from the <span class="hlt">CV</span> extract-activated lymphocytes was prominently upregulated at 48 and 72 h. Positive correlations were found between the levels of these two cytokines and the MTT-based proliferative response. In contrast, the production of two other Th1-related cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-18, was significantly augmented only at 24 h, but not at 48 and 72 h. On the other hand, the levels of two Th<span class="hlt">2</span>-related cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-6 were undetectable in the culture supernatants of lymphocytes treated with the <span class="hlt">CV</span> extract. The <span class="hlt">CV</span> extract was suggested to be a lymphocyte mitogen <span class="hlt">by</span> differentially enhancing the production of Th1-related cytokines.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20080012060&hterms=CER&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3DCER','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20080012060&hterms=CER&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3DCER"><span>CERES BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data in HDF (CER_BDS_Terra-FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)</p> <p></p> <p>Each BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data product contains twenty-four hours of Level-1b data for each CERES scanner instrument mounted on each spacecraft. The BDS includes samples taken in normal and short Earth scan elevation profiles in both fixed and rotating azimuth scan modes (including space, internal calibration, and solar calibration views). The BDS contains Level-0 raw (unconverted) science and instrument data as well as the geolocated converted science and instrument data. The BDS contains additional data not found in the Level-0 input file, including converted satellite position and velocity data, celestial data, converted digital status data, and parameters used in the radiance count conversion equations. The following CERES BDS data sets are currently available: CER_BDS_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_BDS_Terra-FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition<span class="hlt">2</span> CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span> CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span> CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span> CER_BDS_Terra-FM<span class="hlt">2</span>_Edition1-<span class="hlt">CV</span>. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2006-01-01] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28381225','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28381225"><span>Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A is a stronger predictor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in type-<span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes mellitus.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Wei-Ping; Neradilek, Moni B; Gu, Fu-Sheng; Isquith, Daniel A; Sun, Zhi-Jun; Wu, Xing; Li, Hong-Wei; Zhao, Xue-Qiao</p> <p>2017-04-05</p> <p>The risk prediction of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) for future cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) events post acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with type-<span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes mellitus (T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM) was investigated in comparison to other risk factors. PAPP-A was measured at hospital admission in 320 consecutive ACS patients (136 with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM and 184 without). All patients were followed for <span class="hlt">2</span> years for occurrence of <span class="hlt">CV</span> death, non-fatal MI or stroke. Effect of PAPP-A on the <span class="hlt">CV</span> event risk was estimated using Cox regression models. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were generated to demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of PAPP-A in predicting <span class="hlt">CV</span> events. ACS patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM had higher PAPP-A (19.29 ± 16.36 vs. 13.29 ± 13.90 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and higher rate of <span class="hlt">CV</span> events <span class="hlt">2</span> years post ACS (27.<span class="hlt">2</span> vs. 13.6%, p = 0.002) than those without. Higher levels of PAPP-A were significantly associated with increased risk of <span class="hlt">CV</span> events during <span class="hlt">2</span>-year follow-up [HR = <span class="hlt">2</span>.97 for 1 SD increase in log 10 (PAPP-A), 95% CI <span class="hlt">2</span>.11-4.18, p < 0.001] in T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM and (HR = 3.16, 95% CI <span class="hlt">2</span>.27-4.39, p < 0.001) in non-T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM. Among patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM, PAPP-A showed a larger area under the curve (AUC 0.79) that was significantly more predictive than hsCRP (AUC 0.64), eGFR (AUC 0.66) and LVEF < 50% (AUC 0.52); predictive ability did not improve significantly <span class="hlt">by</span> including those factors into the model. Patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM had higher levels of PAPP-A and increased risk of <span class="hlt">CV</span> events. Elevated PAPP-A compared to other risk factors was a stronger predictor for future <span class="hlt">CV</span> events <span class="hlt">2</span> years post ACS in patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM. Trial registration ISRCTN10805074. Registered on 20 January 2017, retrospectively registered.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16604461','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16604461"><span>Efficient and stable transformation of Lactuca sativa L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Cisco (lettuce) plastids.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kanamoto, Hirosuke; Yamashita, Atsushi; Asao, Hiroshi; Okumura, Satoru; Takase, Hisabumi; Hattori, Masahira; Yokota, Akiho; Tomizawa, Ken-Ichi</p> <p>2006-04-01</p> <p>Transgenic plastids offer unique advantages in plant biotechnology, including high-level foreign protein expression. However, broad application of plastid genome engineering in biotechnology has been largely hampered <span class="hlt">by</span> the lack of plastid transformation systems for major crops. Here we describe the development of a plastid transformation system for lettuce, Lactuca sativa L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Cisco. The transforming DNA carries a spectinomycin-resistance gene (aadA) under the control of lettuce chloroplast regulatory expression elements, flanked <span class="hlt">by</span> two adjacent lettuce plastid genome sequences allowing its targeted insertion between the rbcL and accD genes. On average, we obtained 1 transplastomic lettuce plant per bombardment. We show that lettuce leaf chloroplasts can express transgene-encoded GFP to approximately 36% of the total soluble protein. All transplastomic T0 plants were fertile and the T1 progeny uniformly showed stability of the transgene in the chloroplast genome. This system will open up new possibilities for the efficient production of edible vaccines, pharmaceuticals, and antibodies in plants.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24221671','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24221671"><span>Plant regeneration from protoplasts of embryogenic cell suspensions of Coffea arabica L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. caturra.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Acuna, J R; de Pena, M</p> <p>1991-09-01</p> <p>Coffee plants were regenerated from protoplasts isolated from embryogenic cell suspension cultures derived from somatic embryos of Coffea arabica L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. caturra. Yields of viable protoplasts ranged from 1×10(5) to 6×10(5) protoplast/g fresh weight. Protoplast preparations usually contained no contaminating cells, and when present, the number of cells never exceeded 0.1% of the total. Plating efficiencies of protoplast ranged from 1 to 10%. Embryogenic protocolonies obtained after several subcultures in a medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l each of benzylaminopurine, <span class="hlt">2</span>,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and naphtaleneacetic acid, were transferred to a medium lacking plant growth regulators. Well differentiated embryos were formed in selected protocolonies that contained many embryos-like structures. Approximately 70% of the somatic embryos developed into green rooted plantlets which were succesfully transferred to vessels containing sterilized scoria. Plants grown for two months in scoria were finally transferred to greenhouse.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1080862','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1080862"><span>Nitrate-Dependent O<span class="hlt">2</span> Evolution in Intact Leaves 1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>de la Torre, Angel; Delgado, Begoña; Lara, Catalina</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>Evolution of O<span class="hlt">2</span> <span class="hlt">by</span> illuminated intact detached leaves from barley (Hordeum vulgare L. <span class="hlt">cv</span> Athos) and pea (Pisum sativum L. <span class="hlt">cv</span> Lincoln) in a CO<span class="hlt">2</span>-saturating atmosphere was enhanced when KNO3 (1-<span class="hlt">2</span>.5 millimolar) had been previously supplied through the transpiration stream. The extra O<span class="hlt">2</span> evolution observed after feeding KNO3 increased with the light intensity, being maximal at near saturating photon flux densities and resulting in no changes in the initial slope of the O<span class="hlt">2</span> versus light-intensity curve. No stimulation of O<span class="hlt">2</span> evolution was otherwise observed after feeding KCl or NH4Cl. The data indicate that nitrate assimilation uses photosynthetically generated reductant and stimulates the rate of non-cyclic electron flow <span class="hlt">by</span> acting as a second electron-accepting assimilatory process in addition to CO<span class="hlt">2</span> fixation. PMID:16668272</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28946268','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28946268"><span>Pistachio oil (Pistacia vera L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Uzun): Characterization of key odorants in a representative aromatic extract <span class="hlt">by</span> GC-MS-olfactometry and phenolic profile <span class="hlt">by</span> LC-ESI-MS/MS.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sonmezdag, Ahmet Salih; Kelebek, Hasim; Selli, Serkan</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Volatile, aroma-active, and phenolic compounds of pistachio oil obtained from <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Uzun were investigated in the current study. To obtain a representative aromatic extract, three of the most widely used extraction methods were compared using a representative test; the solvent-assisted flavour extraction (SAFE) aromatic extract from pistachio oil was found to be the most representative. A total of 50 aroma compounds were determined in pistachio oil and it was found that terpenes, aldehydes, and alcohols were the most abundant volatile compounds. Applying GC-MS-olfactometry and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) resulted in a total of 14 aroma-active areas being detected in the extract of pistachio oil. In the phenolic fraction obtained <span class="hlt">by</span> the LC-ESI-MS/MS method, a total of 12 phenolic compounds was found in the pistachio oil, of which seven compounds were reported for the first time. Eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside and protocatechuic acid were the most dominant phenolic compounds. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24222501','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24222501"><span>In vitro propagation and assessment of the genetic fidelity of Musa acuminata (AAA) <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Vaibalhla derived from immature male flowers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hrahsel, Lalremsiami; Basu, Adreeja; Sahoo, Lingaraj; Thangjam, Robert</p> <p>2014-02-01</p> <p>An efficient in vitro propagation method has been developed for the first time for Musa acuminata (AAA) <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Vaibalhla, an economically important banana cultivar of Mizoram, India. Immature male flowers were used as explants. Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with plant growth regulators (PGRs) were used for the regeneration process. Out of different PGR combinations, MS medium supplemented with <span class="hlt">2</span> mg L(-1) 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) + 0.5 mg L(-1) α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) was optimal for production of white bud-like structures (WBLS). On this medium, explants produced the highest number of buds per explant (4.30). The highest percentage (77.77) and number (3.51) of shoot formation from each explants was observed in MS medium supplemented with <span class="hlt">2</span> mg L(-1) kinetin + 0.5 mg L(-1) NAA. While MS medium supplemented with a combination of <span class="hlt">2</span> mg L(-1) BAP + 0.5 mg L(-1) NAA showed the maximum shoot length (14.44 cm). Rooting efficiency of the shoots was highest in the MS basal medium without any PGRs. The plantlets were hardened successfully in the greenhouse with 96% survival rate. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were employed to assess the genetic stability of in vitro regenerated plantlets of M. acuminata (AAA) <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Vaibalhla. Eight RAPD and 8 ISSR primers were successfully used for the analysis from the 40 RAPD and 30 ISSR primers screened initially. The amplified products were monomorphic across all the regenerated plants and were similar to the mother plant. The present standardised protocol will find application in mass production, conservation and genetic transformation studies of this commercially important banana.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25786733','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25786733"><span>How will climate change influence grapevine <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Tempranillo photosynthesis under different soil textures?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Leibar, Urtzi; Aizpurua, Ana; Unamunzaga, Olatz; Pascual, Inmaculada; Morales, Fermín</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>While photosynthetic responses to elevated CO<span class="hlt">2</span>, elevated temperature, or water availability have previously been reported for grapevine as responses to single stress factors, reports on the combined effect of multiple stress factors are scarce. In the present work, we evaluated effects of simulated climate change [CC; 700 ppm CO<span class="hlt">2</span>, 28/18 °C, and 33/53% relative humidity (RH), day/night] versus current conditions (375 ppm CO<span class="hlt">2</span>, 24/14 °C, and 45/65% RH), water availability (well-irrigated vs. water deficit), and different types of soil textures (41, 19, and 8% of soil clay contents) on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Tempranillo) photosynthesis. Plants were grown using the fruit-bearing cutting model. CC increased the photosynthetic activity of grapevine plants grown under well-watered conditions, but such beneficial effects of elevated CO<span class="hlt">2</span>, elevated temperature, and low RH were abolished <span class="hlt">by</span> water deficit. Under water-deficit conditions, plants subjected to CC conditions had similar photosynthetic rates as those grown under current conditions, despite their higher sub-stomatal CO<span class="hlt">2</span> concentrations. As expected, water deficit reduced photosynthetic activity in association with inducing stomatal closure that prevents water loss. Evidence for photosynthetic downregulation under elevated CO<span class="hlt">2</span> was observed, with decreases in photosynthetic capacity and leaf N content and increases in the C/N ratio in plants subjected to CC conditions. Soil texture had no marked effects on photosynthesis and did not modify the photosynthetic response to CC and water-deficit conditions. However, in mature well-irrigated plants grown in the soils with the highest sand content, an important decrease in stomatal conductance was observed as well as a slight decrease in the utilization of absorbed light in photosynthetic electron transport (measured as photochemical quenching), possibly related to a low water-retention capacity of these soils even under well-watered conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20018972-hyperaccumulation-cadmium-hairy-roots-thlaspi-caerulescens','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20018972-hyperaccumulation-cadmium-hairy-roots-thlaspi-caerulescens"><span>Hyperaccumulation of cadmium <span class="hlt">by</span> hairy roots of Thlaspi caerulescens</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Nedelkoska, T.V.; Doran, P.M.</p> <p></p> <p>Hairy roots were used to investigate cadmium uptake <span class="hlt">by</span> Thlaspi caerulescens, a metal hyperaccumulator plant with potential applications in phytoremediation and phytomining. Experiments were carried out in nutrient media under conditions supporting root growth. Accumulation of Cd in short-term (9-h) experiments varied with initial medium pH and increased after treating the roots with H{sup +}-ATPase inhibitor. The highest equilibrium Cd content measured in T. caerulescens roots was 62,800 {micro}g g{sup {minus}1} dry weight, or 6.3% dry weight, at a liquid Cd concentration of 3,710 ppm. Cd levels in live T. caerulescens roots were 1.5- to 1.7-fold those in hairy rootsmore » of nonhyperaccumulator species exposed to the same Cd concentration, but similar to the Cd content of auto-claved T. caerulescens roots. The ability to grow at Cd concentrations of up to 100 ppm clearly distinguished T. caerulescens hairy roots from the nonhyperaccumulators. The specific growth rate of T. caerulescens roots was essentially unaffected <span class="hlt">by</span> 20 to 50 ppm Cd in the culture medium; in contrast, N. <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> roots turned dark brown at 20 ppm and growth was negligible. Up to 10,600 {micro}g g{sup {minus}1} dry weight Cd was accumulated <span class="hlt">by</span> growing T. caerulescens hairy roots. Measurement of Cd levels in while roots and in the cell wall fraction revealed significant differences in the responses of T. caerulescens and N. <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> roots to 20 ppm Cd. Most metal was transported directly into the symplasm of N. <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> roots within 3 days of exposure; in contrast, T. caerulescens roots stored virtually all of their Cd in the wall fraction for the first 7 to 10 days. This delay in transmembrane uptake may represent an important defensive strategy against Cd poisoning in T. caerulescens, allowing time for activation of intracellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxification.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24072357','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24072357"><span>Band structure engineering of TiO<span class="hlt">2</span> nanowires <span class="hlt">by</span> n-p codoping for enhanced visible-light photoelectrochemical water-splitting.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhang, Daoyu; Yang, Minnan</p> <p>2013-11-14</p> <p>The advantages of one-dimensional nanostructures, such as excellent charge separation and charge transport, low charge carrier recombination losses and so on, render them the photocatalysts of choice for many applications that exploit solar energy. In this work, based on very recently synthesized ultrathin anatase TiO<span class="hlt">2</span> nanowires, we explore the possibility of these wires as photocatalysts for photoelectrochemical water-splitting via the mono-doping (C, N, V, and Cr) and n-p codoping (<span class="hlt">C&V</span>, C&Cr, N&V, and N&Cr) schemes. Our first-principles calculations predict that the C&Cr and <span class="hlt">C&V</span> codoped ANWs may be strong candidates for photoelectrochemical water-splitting, because they have a substantially reduced band gap of <span class="hlt">2</span>.49 eV, appropriate band edge positions, no carrier recombination centers, and enhanced optical absorption in the visible light region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeCoA.230...83F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeCoA.230...83F"><span>Chemical 3D-imaging of glass inclusions from allende (<span class="hlt">CV</span>3) olivine via SIMS: A new insight on chondrule formation conditions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Florentin, L.; Deloule, E.; Faure, F.; Mangin, D.</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Natural glass inclusions - hosted in Mg-rich olivines from Allende (<span class="hlt">CV</span>3) type I chondrules - and synthetic melt inclusions - trapped in forsterite crystallized from CMAS (CaO-MgO-Al<span class="hlt">2</span>O3-SiO<span class="hlt">2</span>) melts - were mapped <span class="hlt">by</span> Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) for CMAS major oxides. The first ever 3D chemical images of extra-terrestrial glass inclusions were obtained, along with chemical depth profiles for each oxide. Results show similar patterns for both synthetic glass inclusions (trapped in olivine formed <span class="hlt">by</span> slow crystallization in a magmatic liquid) and natural inclusions from Allende's olivines. No incompatible-rich boundary layer or diffusion pattern was observed in either case. The absence of an incompatible-rich boundary layer suggests that the olivine overgrowth surrounding glass inclusions in Allende's olivines was formed during slow cooling of the host olivine and likely the surrounding chondrule. This provides new constraints on the cooling rates of type I chondrules.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=321745','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=321745"><span>Mango (Mangifera indica L.) <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Kent fruit mesocarp de novo transcriptome assembly identifies gene families important for ripening</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Fruit ripening is a physiological and biochemical process genetically programmed to regulate fruit quality parameters like firmness, flavor, odor and color, as well as production of ethylene in climacteric fruit. In this study, a transcriptomic analysis of mango (Mangifera indica L.) mesocarp <span class="hlt">cv</span>. "K...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4649869','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4649869"><span>Global Cardiovascular Risk Assessment <span class="hlt">by</span> Family Physicians in Suez Canal University-Family Medicine Centers-Egypt</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Nour-Eldein, Hebatallah; Abdelsalam, Shimaa A.; Nasr, Gamila M.; Abdelwahed, Hassan A.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Background: The close sustained contact of family physician with their patients and local community makes preventive care an integral part of their routine work. Most cardiovascular diseases (CVD) can be prevented <span class="hlt">by</span> addressing their risk factors. There are several guidelines that recommend different <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk assessment tools to support <span class="hlt">CV</span> prevention strategies. Aim: This study aimed to assess awareness and attitude of global <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk assessment and use of their tools <span class="hlt">by</span> family physicians; aiming to improve <span class="hlt">CV</span> prevention service. Methods: The current study is a cross-sectional descriptive analytic. Sixty-five family physicians were asked to respond to, validated anonymous questionnaire to collect data about characteristics of family physicians, their awareness, attitude, current use, barriers, and recommendations of global <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk assessment. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18 was used for data entry and analysis. Results: Awareness of guidelines of global <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk assessment was relatively higher regarding the American guidelines (30.8%) than that recommended <span class="hlt">by</span> World Health Organization (WHO) for Egypt (20.<span class="hlt">2</span>%). 50.8% of participants had favorable attitude. There was statistical significant relationship between attitude scores and physician characteristics; age (P = 0.003), qualification (P = 0.001) and number of patients seen per week (P = 0.009). Routine use of global <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk assessment tools was reported only (23%) <span class="hlt">by</span> family physicians. Conclusion: Relative higher attitude scores than use of global <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk assessment tools in practice. The most frequent barriers were related to lack of resources and shortage in training/skills and the raised suggestions were towards training. PMID:26664843</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26664843','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26664843"><span>Global Cardiovascular Risk Assessment <span class="hlt">by</span> Family Physicians in Suez Canal University-Family Medicine Centers-Egypt.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nour-Eldein, Hebatallah; Abdelsalam, Shimaa A; Nasr, Gamila M; Abdelwahed, Hassan A</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The close sustained contact of family physician with their patients and local community makes preventive care an integral part of their routine work. Most cardiovascular diseases (CVD) can be prevented <span class="hlt">by</span> addressing their risk factors. There are several guidelines that recommend different <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk assessment tools to support <span class="hlt">CV</span> prevention strategies. This study aimed to assess awareness and attitude of global <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk assessment and use of their tools <span class="hlt">by</span> family physicians; aiming to improve <span class="hlt">CV</span> prevention service. The current study is a cross-sectional descriptive analytic. Sixty-five family physicians were asked to respond to, validated anonymous questionnaire to collect data about characteristics of family physicians, their awareness, attitude, current use, barriers, and recommendations of global <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk assessment. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18 was used for data entry and analysis. Awareness of guidelines of global <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk assessment was relatively higher regarding the American guidelines (30.8%) than that recommended <span class="hlt">by</span> World Health Organization (WHO) for Egypt (20.<span class="hlt">2</span>%). 50.8% of participants had favorable attitude. There was statistical significant relationship between attitude scores and physician characteristics; age (P = 0.003), qualification (P = 0.001) and number of patients seen per week (P = 0.009). Routine use of global <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk assessment tools was reported only (23%) <span class="hlt">by</span> family physicians. Relative higher attitude scores than use of global <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk assessment tools in practice. The most frequent barriers were related to lack of resources and shortage in training/skills and the raised suggestions were towards training.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeCoA.224..116H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeCoA.224..116H"><span>Formation of chondrules in a moderately high dust enriched disk: Evidence from oxygen isotopes of chondrules from the Kaba <span class="hlt">CV</span>3 chondrite</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hertwig, Andreas T.; Defouilloy, Céline; Kita, Noriko T.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Oxygen three-isotope analysis <span class="hlt">by</span> secondary ion mass spectrometry of chondrule olivine and pyroxene in combination with electron microprobe analysis were carried out to investigate 24 FeO-poor (type I) and <span class="hlt">2</span> FeO-rich (type II) chondrules from the Kaba (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) chondrite. The Mg#'s of olivine and pyroxene in individual chondrules are uniform, which confirms that Kaba is one of the least thermally metamorphosed <span class="hlt">CV</span>3 chondrites. The majority of chondrules in Kaba contain olivine and pyroxene that show indistinguishable Δ17O values (= δ17O - 0.52 × δ18O) within analytical uncertainties, as revealed <span class="hlt">by</span> multiple spot analyses of individual chondrules. One third of chondrules contain olivine relict grains that are either 16O-rich or 16O-poor relative to other indistinguishable olivine and/or pyroxene analyses in the same chondrules. Excluding those isotopically recognized relicts, the mean oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O, δ17O, and Δ17O) of individual chondrules are calculated, which are interpreted to represent those of the final chondrule melt. Most of these isotope ratios plot on or slightly below the primitive chondrule mineral (PCM) line on the oxygen three-isotope diagram, except for the pyroxene-rich type II chondrule that plots above the PCM and on the terrestrial fractionation line. The Δ17O values of type I chondrules range from ∼-8‰ to ∼-4‰; the pyroxene-rich type II chondrule yields ∼0‰, the olivine-rich type II chondrule ∼-<span class="hlt">2</span>‰. In contrast to the ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite Acfer 094, the Yamato 81020 CO3, and the Allende <span class="hlt">CV</span>3 chondrite, type I chondrules in Kaba only possess Δ17O values below -3‰ and a pronounced bimodal distribution of Δ17O values, as evident for those other chondrites, was not observed for Kaba. Investigation of the Mg#-Δ17O relationship revealed that Δ17O values tend to increase with decreasing Mg#'s, similar to those observed for CR chondrites though data from Kaba cluster at the high Mg# (>98) and the low Δ17O</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JGRE..11612007E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JGRE..11612007E"><span>Magnetic characteristics of <span class="hlt">CV</span> chondrules with paleointensity implications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Emmerton, Stacey; Muxworthy, Adrian R.; Hezel, Dominik C.; Bland, Philip A.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>We have conducted a detailed magnetic study on 45 chondrules from two carbonaceous chondrites of the <span class="hlt">CV</span> type: (1) Mokoia and (<span class="hlt">2</span>) Allende. Allende has been previously extensively studied and is thought to have a high potential of retaining an extra-terrestrial paleofield. Few paleomagnetic studies of Mokoia have previously been undertaken. We report a range of magnetic measurements including hysteresis, first-order reversal curve analysis (FORCs), demagnetization characteristics, and isothermal remanent (IRM) acquisition behavior on both Mokoia and Allende chondrules. The Mokoia chondrules displayed more single domain-like behavior than the Allende chondrules, suggesting smaller grain sizes and higher magnetic stability. The Mokoia chondrules also had higher average concentrations of magnetic minerals and a larger range of magnetic characteristics than the Allende chondrules. IRM acquisition analysis found that both sets of chondrules have the same dominant magnetic mineral, likely to be a FeNi phase (taenite, kamacite, and/or awaruite) contributing to 48% of the Mokoia chondrules and 42% of the Allende chondrule characteristics. FORC analysis revealed that generally the Allende chondrules displayed low-field coercivity distributions with little interactions, and the Mokoia chondrules show clear single-domain like distributions. Paleointensity estimates for the two meteorites using the REMc and Preisach methods yielded estimates between 13 and 60 μT and 3-56 μT, respectively, for Allende and 3-140 μT and 1-110 μT, respectively, for Mokoia. From the data, we suggest that Mokoia chondrules carry a non-primary remagnetization, and while Allende is more likely than Mokoia to retain its primary magnetization, it also displays signs of post accretionary magnetization.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7610168','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7610168"><span>Structural analysis, plastid localization, and expression of the biotin carboxylase subunit of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase from tobacco.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shorrosh, B S; Roesler, K R; Shintani, D; van de Loo, F J; Ohlrogge, J B</p> <p>1995-06-01</p> <p>Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase, EC 6.4.1.<span class="hlt">2</span>) catalyzes the synthesis of malonyl-coenzyme A, which is utilized in the plastid for de novo fatty acid synthesis and outside the plastid for a variety of reactions, including the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids and flavonoids. Recent evidence for both multifunctional and multisubunit ACCase isozymes in dicot plants has been obtained. We describe here the isolation of a tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L. <span class="hlt">cv</span> bright yellow <span class="hlt">2</span> [NT1]) cDNA clone (E3) that encodes a 58.4-kD protein that shares 80% sequence similarity and 65% identity with the Anabaena biotin carboxylase subunit of ACCase. Similar to other biotin carboxylase subunits of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the E3-encoded protein contains a putative ATP-binding motif but lacks a biotin-binding site (methionine-lysine-methionine or methionine-lysine-leucine). The deduced protein sequence contains a putative transit peptide whose function was confirmed <span class="hlt">by</span> its ability to direct in vitro chloroplast uptake. The subcellular localization of this biotin carboxylase has also been confirmed to be plastidial <span class="hlt">by</span> western blot analysis of pea (Pisum sativum), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and castor (Ricinus communis L.) plastid preparations. Northern blot analysis indicates that the plastid biotin carboxylase transcripts are expressed at severalfold higher levels in castor seeds than in leaves.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=157403','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=157403"><span>Structural analysis, plastid localization, and expression of the biotin carboxylase subunit of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase from tobacco.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Shorrosh, B S; Roesler, K R; Shintani, D; van de Loo, F J; Ohlrogge, J B</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase, EC 6.4.1.<span class="hlt">2</span>) catalyzes the synthesis of malonyl-coenzyme A, which is utilized in the plastid for de novo fatty acid synthesis and outside the plastid for a variety of reactions, including the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids and flavonoids. Recent evidence for both multifunctional and multisubunit ACCase isozymes in dicot plants has been obtained. We describe here the isolation of a tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L. <span class="hlt">cv</span> bright yellow <span class="hlt">2</span> [NT1]) cDNA clone (E3) that encodes a 58.4-kD protein that shares 80% sequence similarity and 65% identity with the Anabaena biotin carboxylase subunit of ACCase. Similar to other biotin carboxylase subunits of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the E3-encoded protein contains a putative ATP-binding motif but lacks a biotin-binding site (methionine-lysine-methionine or methionine-lysine-leucine). The deduced protein sequence contains a putative transit peptide whose function was confirmed <span class="hlt">by</span> its ability to direct in vitro chloroplast uptake. The subcellular localization of this biotin carboxylase has also been confirmed to be plastidial <span class="hlt">by</span> western blot analysis of pea (Pisum sativum), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and castor (Ricinus communis L.) plastid preparations. Northern blot analysis indicates that the plastid biotin carboxylase transcripts are expressed at severalfold higher levels in castor seeds than in leaves. PMID:7610168</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1927c0036T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1927c0036T"><span>Comparative study of CO<span class="hlt">2</span> and H<span class="hlt">2</span>O activation in the synthesis of carbon electrode for supercapacitors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Taer, E.; Apriwandi, Yusriwandi, Mustika, W. S.; Zulkifli, Taslim, R.; Sugianto, Kurniasih, B.; Agustino, Dewi, P.</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>The physical activation for the comparative study of carbon electrode synthesized for supercapacitor applications made from rubber wood sawdust has been performed successfully. Comparison of physical activation used in this research is based on the different gas activation such as CO<span class="hlt">2</span> and H<span class="hlt">2</span>O. The CO<span class="hlt">2</span> and H<span class="hlt">2</span>O activation are made <span class="hlt">by</span> using an integrated carbonization and activation system. The carbonization process is performed in N<span class="hlt">2</span> atmosphere followed <span class="hlt">by</span> CO<span class="hlt">2</span> and H<span class="hlt">2</span>O activation process. The carbonization process at temperature of 600°C, the CO<span class="hlt">2</span> and H<span class="hlt">2</span>O activation process at a temperature of 900°C and maintained at this condition for <span class="hlt">2</span> h and 3 h. The electrochemical properties were analyzed using cyclic voltammetric (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) method. The <span class="hlt">CV</span> results show that the carbon electrode with CO<span class="hlt">2</span> activation has better capacitive properties than H<span class="hlt">2</span>O, the highest specific capacitance obtained is 93.22 F/g for 3 h of activation time. In addition, the analysis of physical properties such as surface morphology and degree of crystallinity was also performed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=202402','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=202402"><span>Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation, and Hydrogen Oxidation <span class="hlt">by</span> Pigeon Pea Bradyrhizobium spp. in Symbiotic Association with Pigeon Pea, Cowpea, and Soybean †</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Nautiyal, C. S.; Hegde, S. V.; van Berkum, P.</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>The pigeon pea strains of Bradyrhizobium CC-1, CC-8, UASGR(S), and F4 were evaluated for nodulation, effectiveness for N<span class="hlt">2</span> fixation, and H<span class="hlt">2</span> oxidation with homologous and nonhomologous host plants. Strain CC-1 nodulated Macroptilium atropurpureum, Vigna unguiculata, Glycine max, and G. soja but did not nodulate Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Trifolium repens. Strain F4 nodulated G. max <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Peking and PI 434937 (Malayan), but the symbioses formed were poor. Similarly, G. max <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Peking, <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Bragg, PI 434937, PR 13-28-<span class="hlt">2</span>-8-7, and HM-1 were nodulated <span class="hlt">by</span> strain CC-1, and symbioses were also poor. G. max <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Williams and <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Clark were not nodulated. H<span class="hlt">2</span> uptake activity was expressed with pigeon pea and cowpea, but not with soybean. G. max <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Bragg grown in Bangalore, India, in local soil not previously exposed to Bradyrhizobium japonicum formed nodules with indigenous Bradyrhizobium spp. Six randomly chosen isolates, each originating from a different nodule, formed effective symbioses with pigeon pea host ICPL-407, nodulated PR 13-28-<span class="hlt">2</span>-8-7 soybean forming moderately effective symbioses, and did not nodulate Williams soybean. These results indicate the six isolates to be pigeon pea strains although they originated from soybean nodules. Host-determined nodulation of soybean <span class="hlt">by</span> pigeon pea Bradyrhizobium spp. may depend upon the ancestral backgrounds of the cultivars. The poor symbioses formed <span class="hlt">by</span> the pigeon pea strains with soybean indicate that this crop should be inoculated with B. japonicum for its cultivation in soils containing only pigeon pea Bradyrhizobium spp. PMID:16347542</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3060700','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3060700"><span>The rate of nitrite reduction in leaves as indicated <span class="hlt">by</span> O<span class="hlt">2</span> and CO<span class="hlt">2</span> exchange during photosynthesis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Eichelmann, H.; Oja, V.; Peterson, R.B.; Laisk, A.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Light response (at 300 ppm CO<span class="hlt">2</span> and 10–50 ppm O<span class="hlt">2</span> in N<span class="hlt">2</span>) and CO<span class="hlt">2</span> response curves [at absorbed photon fluence rate (PAD) of 550 μmol m−<span class="hlt">2</span> s−1] of O<span class="hlt">2</span> evolution and CO<span class="hlt">2</span> uptake were measured in tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> L.) leaves grown on either NO3− or NH4+ as N source and in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), and amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) leaves grown on NH4NO3. Photosynthetic O<span class="hlt">2</span> evolution in excess of CO<span class="hlt">2</span> uptake was measured with a stabilized zirconia O<span class="hlt">2</span> electrode and an infrared CO<span class="hlt">2</span> analyser, respectively, and the difference assumed to represent the rate of electron flow to acceptors alternative to CO<span class="hlt">2</span>, mainly NO<span class="hlt">2</span>−, SO42−, and oxaloacetate. In NO3−-grown tobacco, as well as in sorghum, amaranth, and young potato, the photosynthetic O<span class="hlt">2</span>–CO<span class="hlt">2</span> flux difference rapidly increased to about 1 μmol m−<span class="hlt">2</span> s−1 at very low PADs and the process was saturated at 50 μmol quanta m−<span class="hlt">2</span> s−1. At higher PADs the O<span class="hlt">2</span>–CO<span class="hlt">2</span> flux difference continued to increase proportionally with the photosynthetic rate to a maximum of about <span class="hlt">2</span> μmol m−<span class="hlt">2</span> s−1. In NH4+-grown tobacco, as well as in potato during tuber filling, the low-PAD component of surplus O<span class="hlt">2</span> evolution was virtually absent. The low-PAD phase was ascribed to photoreduction of NO<span class="hlt">2</span>− which successfully competes with CO<span class="hlt">2</span> reduction and saturates at a rate of about 1 μmol O<span class="hlt">2</span> m−<span class="hlt">2</span> s−1 (9% of the maximum O<span class="hlt">2</span> evolution rate). The high-PAD component of about 1 μmol O<span class="hlt">2</span> m−<span class="hlt">2</span> s−1, superimposed on NO<span class="hlt">2</span>− reduction, may represent oxaloacetate reduction. The roles of NO<span class="hlt">2</span>−, oxaloacetate, and O<span class="hlt">2</span> reduction in the regulation of ATP/NADPH balance are discussed. PMID:21239375</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/32381','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/32381"><span>Automated and connected vehicle (AV/<span class="hlt">CV</span>) test bed to improve transit, bicycle, and pedestrian safety : concept of operations plan.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>This document presents the Concept of Operations (ConOps) Plan for the Automated and Connected Vehicle (AV/<span class="hlt">CV</span>) Test Bed to Improve Transit, Bicycle, and Pedestrian Safety. As illustrated in Figure 1, the plan presents the overarching vision and goals...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28489885','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28489885"><span>Visit-to-visit glycemic variability is a strong predictor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes mellitus: Competing risk analysis using a national cohort from the Taiwan diabetes study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chiu, Hsien-Tsai; Li, Tsai-Chung; Li, Chia-Ing; Liu, Chiu-Shong; Lin, Wen-Yuan; Lin, Cheng-Chieh</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>This study aims to examine the association between visit-to-visit glucose variability, which was measured <span class="hlt">by</span> coefficient of variation (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a large number of patients with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes with an average follow-up of 7.58 years. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 27,257 patients with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes who participated in the National Diabetes Case Management Program in Taiwan. Visit-to-visit variability in HbA1c and FPG at baseline and the incidence of COPD were analyzed using a modified Cox proportional hazards model considering competing risks. A total of <span class="hlt">2</span>,346 incident cases of COPD. Patients were grouped into tertiles of FPG-<span class="hlt">CV</span> and HbA1c-<span class="hlt">CV</span>. The incidence rates in the first, second, and third tertiles were 9.87, 11.06, and 13.19, respectively, for FPG-<span class="hlt">CV</span> and 10.<span class="hlt">2</span>, 11.81, and 12.07, for HbA1c-<span class="hlt">CV</span> per 1000 person-years. After adjusting for age, gender, diabetes duration, treatment type, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, baseline FPG and HbA1c levels, and complications, both FPG-<span class="hlt">CV</span> and HbA1c-<span class="hlt">CV</span> were independently associated with COPD. The hazard ratios of COPD for the third terile compared with the first tertile of FPG-<span class="hlt">CV</span> were 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-1.40). Moreover, the hazard ratios of COPD for the third and second tertiles compared with the first tertile of HbA1c-<span class="hlt">CV</span> were 1.13 (1.02-1.25) and 1.13 (1.02-1.26), respectively. Patients with FPG-<span class="hlt">CV</span> higher than 34.6% or HbA1c-<span class="hlt">CV</span> higher than 8.4% exhibited an increased risk of COPD. This finding confirmed the linear relationship of FPG-<span class="hlt">CV</span> and HbA1c-<span class="hlt">CV</span> to COPD. Visit-to-visit variability in FPG and HbA1c levels are strong predictors of COPD in patients with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes. Future studies should focus on lung dysfunction in diabetes, and adequate glucose control strategy in regular clinical practices must be established for COPD prevention.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28243741','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28243741"><span>Biological Variation of Chloride and Sodium in Sweat Obtained <span class="hlt">by</span> Pilocarpine Iontophoresis in Adults: How Sure are You About Sweat Test Results?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Willems, Philippe; Weekx, Steven; Meskal, Anissa; Schouwers, Sofie</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The measurement of chloride and sodium concentrations in sweat is an important test for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of this study was to assess the analytical variation (<span class="hlt">CV</span> A ) and within-subject (<span class="hlt">CV</span> I ) and between-subject (<span class="hlt">CV</span> G ) biological variation of chloride and sodium concentrations in sweat, collected <span class="hlt">by</span> pilocarpine iontophoresis and to determine their effect on the clinical interpretation of sweat test results. Twelve Caucasian adults (six male and six female) without symptoms suggestive for CF and with a mean age of 41 years (range 28-59) were included in the study. At least eight samples of sweat were collected from each individual <span class="hlt">by</span> pilocarpine iontophoresis. Chloride and sodium concentrations were measured in duplicate for each sample using ion selective electrodes. After the removal of outliers, the <span class="hlt">CV</span> A , <span class="hlt">CV</span> I , and <span class="hlt">CV</span> G of chloride and sodium were determined, and their impact on measurement uncertainty and reference change value were calculated. The <span class="hlt">CV</span> A , <span class="hlt">CV</span> I , and <span class="hlt">CV</span> G of chloride in sweat samples were 6.5, 17.7, and 47.<span class="hlt">2</span>%, respectively. The <span class="hlt">CV</span> A , <span class="hlt">CV</span> I , and <span class="hlt">CV</span> G of sodium sweat samples were 6.0, 17.5, and 42.6%, respectively. Our study indicates that sweat chloride and sodium concentration results must be interpreted with great care. Different components of variation, particularly the biological variations, have a considerable impact on the interpretation of these results. If no pre-analytical, analytical, or post-analytical errors are suspected, repeated sweat testing to confirm first-measurement results might not be desirable.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1953c0250A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1953c0250A"><span>High rate performance supercapacitor based on Nb<span class="hlt">2</span>O5 nanoparticles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ahmed, Sultan; Ahmed, Ahsan; Rafat, M.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>In the present communication, we report the successful preparation of Nb<span class="hlt">2</span>O5 nanoparticles from precursor NbCl5 using hydrothermal method, followed <span class="hlt">by</span> thermal annealing. The surface morphology of the as-prepared material was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) while crystal structure and vibrational response was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The observed results indicate the successful synthesis of Nb<span class="hlt">2</span>O5 nanoparticles. The electrochemical properties of the material was investigated in two-electrode assembly in 1 M LiClO4 solution using the techniques of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (<span class="hlt">CV</span>). Both EIS and <span class="hlt">CV</span> studies show high rate performance of the assembled supercapacitor cells. Fabricated cell offers low response time (˜17.1 ms), and the shape of <span class="hlt">CV</span> pattern remains almost rectangular, even for high scan rates (˜20 V s-1).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25254921','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25254921"><span>A method of analysis for T-<span class="hlt">2</span> toxin and neosolaniol <span class="hlt">by</span> UPLC-MS/MS in apple fruit inoculated with Trichothecium roseum.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tang, Yamei; Xue, Huali; Bi, Yang; Li, Yongcai; Wang, Yi; Zhao, Ying; Shen, Keping</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Trichothecenes are one of the most important groups of mycotoxins produced <span class="hlt">by</span> Trichothecium roseum, which causes core rot of apple. A reliable and sensitive method was developed and successfully applied for the rapid detection of trichothecenes including T-<span class="hlt">2</span> toxin and neosolaniol in harvested apple using UPLC-MS/MS. After the extraction of the two mycotoxins from the apple matrix with methanol/water (80/20, v/v), the concentrated extracts were cleaned-up <span class="hlt">by</span> PriboFast M270 columns and then analysed <span class="hlt">by</span> UPLC-MS/MS. T-<span class="hlt">2</span> toxin and neosolaniol were effectively separated as unique peaks. The validity of this method was established <span class="hlt">by</span> its linearity (R(<span class="hlt">2</span>) ≥ 0.9995), precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 3.6%), accuracy, selectivity, limit of detection of <span class="hlt">2</span>-5 μg kg(-1), limit of quantification of 5-10 μg kg(-1) and average recovery of 73-96%. Levels of T-<span class="hlt">2</span> toxin were found in the range 7.1-128.4 µg kg(-1) in the core rot lesion of three cultivars apple (cvs. Red Delicious, Fuji and Ralls). T-<span class="hlt">2</span> was detected not only in the lesion, but also in the tissue without any disease symptoms. However, neosolaniol was only detected in the lesion on 'Red Delicious' apples. In addition, the concentration of T-<span class="hlt">2</span> toxin in the susceptible cultivar (<span class="hlt">cv</span>. Fuji) was significantly higher than that in the resistant one (<span class="hlt">cv</span>. Ralls). This method proved to be suitable at detecting T-<span class="hlt">2</span> and neosolaniol simultaneously in apples infected with T. roseum.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT.......141H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT.......141H"><span>Strong metal support interaction of Pt on TiO<span class="hlt">2</span> grown <span class="hlt">by</span> atomic layer deposition and physical vapor deposition for fuel cell applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hansen, Robin Paul</p> <p></p> <p>Several roadblocks prevent the large-scale commercialization of hydrogen fuel cells, including the stability of the Pt catalysts and their substrates, as well as the high cost of Pt. This is particularly true for the cathode, which requires a higher Pt loading because of the slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The problem with the stability of the substrate can be solved <span class="hlt">by</span> replacing the traditional carbon support with a conductive metal oxide such as reduced TiO<span class="hlt">2</span>, which will not easily corrode and should result in longer lasting fuel cells. In this study, Pt was deposited either <span class="hlt">by</span> atomic layer deposition (ALD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD). The typical size of the Pt islands that were grown using these deposition techniques was 3-8 nm. One factor that can inhibit the catalytic activity of a metal catalyst on a metal oxide is the strong metal support interaction (SMSI). This is where a metal on a reducible metal oxide can be encapsulated <span class="hlt">by</span> a layer of the metal oxide support material at elevated temperatures. The processing of materials through atomic layer deposition can exceed this temperature. The TiO<span class="hlt">2</span> substrates used in this study were either grown <span class="hlt">by</span> ALD, which results in a polycrystalline anatase film, or were single-crystal rutile TiO<span class="hlt">2</span>(110) samples prepared in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). The Pt/TiO<span class="hlt">2</span> samples were tested electrochemically using cyclic voltammetry (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) to determine the level of catalytic activity. To determine the effect of the SMSI interaction on the catalytic activity of the PVD grown samples, <span class="hlt">CV</span> was performed on samples that were annealed in high vacuum after Pt deposition. Additional characterization was performed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and four point probe analysis. Platinum that was deposited <span class="hlt">by</span> PVD was used as a standard since it is not affected <span class="hlt">by</span> the SMSI at the low temperature of the substrate during deposition</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15769134','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15769134"><span>Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) hydroperoxide lyase greatly increases C6 aldehyde formation in transgenic leaves.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fukushige, Hirotada; Hildebrand, David F</p> <p>2005-03-23</p> <p>Fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase (HL) is the key enzyme for the production of the "green note"compounds, leaf aldehyde [(<span class="hlt">2</span>E)-hexenal] and leaf alcohol [(3Z)-hexenol], in plant tissues. A cDNA encoding HL was cloned from leaves of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and expressed in Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>. The enzyme is 3 times more active with 13-hydroperoxylinolenic acid than with 13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid. The activity against 9-hydroperoxides of polyunsaturated fatty acids is minimal. Enzyme activity of the watermelon HL in the transgenic leaves was approximately 50 times higher than endogenous HL activity in the wild-type N. <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> plants. When compared with Arabidopsis HL also expressed in N. <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>, the highest HL activity is 10 times higher in watermelon HL overexpressing leaves than in Arabidopsis HL overexpressers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5217383','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5217383"><span>Concurrent Label-Free Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Dystrophin Isoform Dp427 and the Myofibrosis Marker Collagen in Crude Extracts from mdx-4<span class="hlt">cv</span> Skeletal Muscles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Murphy, Sandra; Zweyer, Margit; Mundegar, Rustam R.; Henry, Michael; Meleady, Paula; Swandulla, Dieter; Ohlendieck, Kay</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The full-length dystrophin protein isoform of 427 kDa (Dp427), the absence of which represents the principal abnormality in X-linked muscular dystrophy, is difficult to identify and characterize <span class="hlt">by</span> routine proteomic screening approaches of crude tissue extracts. This is probably related to its large molecular size, its close association with the sarcolemmal membrane, and its existence within a heterogeneous glycoprotein complex. Here, we used a careful extraction procedure to isolate the total protein repertoire from normal versus dystrophic mdx-4<span class="hlt">cv</span> skeletal muscles, in conjunction with label-free mass spectrometry, and successfully identified Dp427 <span class="hlt">by</span> proteomic means. In contrast to a considerable number of previous comparative studies of the total skeletal muscle proteome, using whole tissue proteomics we show here for the first time that the reduced expression of this membrane cytoskeletal protein is the most significant alteration in dystrophinopathy. This agrees with the pathobiochemical concept that the almost complete absence of dystrophin is the main defect in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and that the mdx-4<span class="hlt">cv</span> mouse model of dystrophinopathy exhibits only very few revertant fibers. Significant increases in collagens and associated fibrotic marker proteins, such as fibronectin, biglycan, asporin, decorin, prolargin, mimecan, and lumican were identified in dystrophin-deficient muscles. The up-regulation of collagen in mdx-4<span class="hlt">cv</span> muscles was confirmed <span class="hlt">by</span> immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting. Thus, this is the first mass spectrometric study of crude tissue extracts that puts the proteomic identification of dystrophin in its proper pathophysiological context. PMID:28248273</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27736293','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27736293"><span>Antibody persistence and immunologic memory in children vaccinated with 4 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: Results from <span class="hlt">2</span> long-term follow-up studies.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wysocki, Jacek; Brzostek, Jerzy; Konior, Ryszard; Panzer, Falko G; François, Nancy A; Ravula, Sudheer M; Kolhe, Devayani A; Song, Yue; Dieussaert, Ilse; Schuerman, Lode; Borys, Dorota</p> <p>2017-03-04</p> <p>To investigate long-term antibody persistence following the administration of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>), we present results of <span class="hlt">2</span> follow-up studies assessing antibody persistence following <span class="hlt">2</span> 3+1 schedules up to 4 (NCT00624819 - Study A) and 5 years (NCT00891176 - Study B) post-booster vaccination. In Study A, antibody persistence was measured one, <span class="hlt">2</span> and 4 years post-booster in children previously primed and boosted with PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>, or primed with the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vCRM) and boosted with either PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> or 7vCRM. In Study B, PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> was co-administered with meningococcal vaccines, and pneumococcal antibody persistence was measured <span class="hlt">2</span>, 3 and 5 years post-booster. An age-matched control group, unvaccinated against Streptococcus pneumoniae, was enrolled in Study A, allowing assessment of immunologic memory <span class="hlt">by</span> administration of one dose of PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> to both primed (4 years post-booster) and unprimed 6-year-old children. Four years post-booster (Study A), antibody concentrations and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titers remained higher compared to the pre-booster timepoint, with no major differences between the 3 primed groups. Antibody persistence was also observed in Study B, with minimal differences between groups. The additional PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> dose administered 4 years post-booster in Study A elicited more robust immune responses in primed children than in unprimed children. Long-term serotype-specific antibody persistence and robust immunologic memory responses observed in these <span class="hlt">2</span> studies suggest induction of long-term protection against pneumococcal disease after PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> vaccination.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=partial+AND+credit+AND+model&pg=6&id=EJ877935','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=partial+AND+credit+AND+model&pg=6&id=EJ877935"><span>Using Multidimensional Rasch Analysis to Validate the Chinese Version of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ-<span class="hlt">CV</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Lee, John Chi-Kin; Zhang, Zhonghua; Yin, Hongbiao</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>This article used the multidimensional random coefficients multinomial logit model to examine the construct validity and detect the substantial differential item functioning (DIF) of the Chinese version of motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ-<span class="hlt">CV</span>). A total of 1,354 Hong Kong junior high school students were administered the…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21344180','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21344180"><span>1,8-cineole inhibits both proliferation and elongation of <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> cultured tobacco cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yoshimura, Hiroko; Sawai, Yu; Tamotsu, Satoshi; Sakai, Atsushi</p> <p>2011-03-01</p> <p>Volatile monoterpenes such as 1,8-cineole inhibit the growth of Brassica campestris seedlings in a dose-dependent manner, and the growth-inhibitory effects are more severe for roots than hypocotyls. The preferential inhibition of root growth may be explained if the compounds inhibit cell proliferation more severely than cell elongation because root growth requires both elongation and proliferation of the constituent cells, whereas hypocotyl growth depends exclusively on elongation of existing cells. In order to examine this possibility, <span class="hlt">BY</span>-<span class="hlt">2</span> suspension-cultured tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) cells were treated with 1,8-cineole, and the inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and on cell elongation were assessed quantitatively. Treatment with 1,8-cineole lowered both the mitotic index and elongation of the cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) for cell elongation was lower than that for cell proliferation. Moreover, 1,8-cineole also inhibited starch synthesis, with IC₅₀ lower than that for cell proliferation. Thus, the inhibitory effects of 1,8-cineole were not specific to cell proliferation; rather, 1,8-cineole seemed inhibitory to a variety of physiological activities when it was in direct contact with target cells. Based on these results, possible mechanisms for the mode of action of 1,8-cineole and for its preferential inhibition on root growth are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071938','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071938"><span>CCN<span class="hlt">2</span> (CTGF) gene polymorphism is a novel prognostic risk factor for cardiovascular outcomes in hemodialysis patients.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cozzolino, Mario; Biondi, Maria Luisa; Banfi, Elena; Riser, Bruce L; Mehmeti, Florjan; Cusi, Daniele; Gallieni, Maurizio</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The very high cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) mortality and morbidity rates in hemodialysis (HD) patients are greatly related to atherosclerosis. CCN<span class="hlt">2</span> (connective tissue growth factor/CTGF) is a profibrotic factor that is secreted <span class="hlt">by</span> endothelial cells, involved in atherogenesis, promoting fibroblast proliferation and matrix production. CCN<span class="hlt">2</span> protein is significantly increased in complicated fibrous plaques and enhances monocyte migration into atherosclerotic lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between CCN<span class="hlt">2</span> gene polymorphism and <span class="hlt">CV</span> morbidity and mortality in HD patients. 98 HD patients, followed for 24 months, were genotyped for the common polymorphism on the CCN<span class="hlt">2</span> gene (G-945C). HD patient characteristics were: age 64 ± 13 years, males 64%, diabetes 24%, hypertension 62%, smokers 38%, dyslipidemia 28%, all undergoing standard HD three times weekly. All-cause mortality was not associated with CCN<span class="hlt">2</span> polymorphism (G-945C). In contrast, however, the GG genotype was strongly associated with <span class="hlt">CV</span> mortality: OR 13 (1.49-155), p = 0.0048. Interestingly, the GG genotype was also greatly associated with the serious <span class="hlt">CV</span> events of stroke and myocardial infarction in surviving HD patients: OR 13.3 (<span class="hlt">2</span>.5-87.08), p = 0.0001. We demonstrate for the first time that CCN<span class="hlt">2</span> gene polymorphism is a prognostic risk factor for <span class="hlt">CV</span> morbidity and mortality in HD patients. These data may have important implications for better understanding the link between accelerated atherosclerosis and increased mortality in HD population. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21924670','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21924670"><span>Optical, electrical and dielectric properties of TiO<span class="hlt">2</span>-SiO<span class="hlt">2</span> films prepared <span class="hlt">by</span> a cost effective sol-gel process.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Vishwas, M; Rao, K Narasimha; Gowda, K V Arjuna; Chakradhar, R P S</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>Titanium dioxide (TiO(<span class="hlt">2</span>)) and silicon dioxide (SiO(<span class="hlt">2</span>)) thin films and their mixed films were synthesized <span class="hlt">by</span> the sol-gel spin coating method using titanium tetra isopropoxide (TTIP) and tetra ethyl ortho silicate (TEOS) as the precursor materials for TiO(<span class="hlt">2</span>) and SiO(<span class="hlt">2</span>) respectively. The pure and composite films of TiO(<span class="hlt">2</span>) and SiO(<span class="hlt">2</span>) were deposited on glass and silicon substrates. The optical properties were studied for different compositions of TiO(<span class="hlt">2</span>) and SiO(<span class="hlt">2</span>) sols and the refractive index and optical band gap energies were estimated. MOS capacitors were fabricated using TiO(<span class="hlt">2</span>) films on p-silicon (100) substrates. The current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (<span class="hlt">C-V</span>) characteristics were studied and the electrical resistivity and dielectric constant were estimated for the films annealed at 200°C for their possible use in optoelectronic applications. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25129845','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25129845"><span>Is guava phenolic metabolism influenced <span class="hlt">by</span> elevated atmospheric CO<span class="hlt">2</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mendes de Rezende, Fernanda; Pereira de Souza, Amanda; Silveira Buckeridge, Marcos; Maria Furlan, Cláudia</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Seedlings of Psidium guajava <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Pedro Sato were distributed into four open-top chambers: two with ambient CO(<span class="hlt">2</span>) (∼390 ppm) and two with elevated CO(<span class="hlt">2</span>) (∼780 ppm). Monthly, five individuals of each chamber were collected, separated into root, stem and leaves and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Chemical parameters were analyzed to investigate how guava invests the surplus carbon. For all classes of phenolic compounds analyzed only tannins showed significant increase in plants at elevated CO(<span class="hlt">2</span>) after 90 days. There was no significant difference in dry biomass, but the leaves showed high accumulation of starch under elevated CO(<span class="hlt">2</span>). Results suggest that elevated CO(<span class="hlt">2</span>) seems to be favorable to seedlings of P. guajava, due to accumulation of starch and tannins, the latter being an important anti-herbivore substance. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3786905','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3786905"><span>The Role of Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitric Oxide in the Induction of Plant-Encoded RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase 1 in the Basal Defense against Tobacco Mosaic Virus</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Shi, Kai; Li, Xin; Zhang, Guan-Qun; Xia, Xiao-Jian; Chen, Zhi-Xiang; Yu, Jing-Quan</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Plant RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase 1 (RDR1) is an important element of the RNA silencing pathway in the plant defense against viruses. RDR1 expression can be elicited <span class="hlt">by</span> viral infection and salicylic acid (SA), but the mechanisms of signaling during this process remains undefined. The involvement of hydrogen peroxide (H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span>) and nitric oxide (NO) in RDR1 induction in the compatible interactions between Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV) and Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>, Nicotiana benthamiana, and Arabidopsis thaliana was examined. TMV inoculation onto the lower leaves of N. <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> induced the rapid accumulation of H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span> and NO followed <span class="hlt">by</span> the increased accumulation of RDR1 transcripts in the non-inoculated upper leaves. Pretreatment with exogenous H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span> and NO on upper leaf led to increased RDR1 expression and systemic TMV resistance. Conversely, dimethylthiourea (an H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span> scavenger) and <span class="hlt">2</span>-(4-carboxyphenyl)- 4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (an NO scavenger) partly blocked TMV- and SA-induced RDR1 expression and increased TMV susceptibility, whereas pretreatment with exogenous H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span> and NO failed to diminish TMV infection in N. benthamiana plants with naturally occurring RDR1 loss-of-function. Furthermore, in N. <span class="hlt">tabacum</span> and A. thaliana, TMV-induced H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span> accumulation was NO-dependent, whereas NO generation was not affected <span class="hlt">by</span> H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span>. These results suggest that, in response to TMV infection, H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span> acts downstream of NO to mediate induction of RDR1, which plays a critical role in strengthening RNA silencing to restrict systemic viral infection. PMID:24098767</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26232564','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26232564"><span>Antioxidant and enzymatic responses to oxidative stress induced <span class="hlt">by</span> pre-harvest water supply reduction and ripening on mango (Mangifera indica L. <span class="hlt">cv</span>. 'Cogshall') in relation to carotenoid content.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rosalie, Rémy; Joas, Jacques; Deytieux-Belleau, Christelle; Vulcain, Emmanuelle; Payet, Bertrand; Dufossé, Laurent; Léchaudel, Mathieu</p> <p>2015-07-20</p> <p>The effects of a reduction in water supply during fruit development and postharvest fruit ripening on the oxidative status and the antioxidant defense system were studied in the mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.) <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Cogshall. Changes in non-enzymatic (ascorbate) and enzymatic (SOD, CAT, APX, MDHAR, DHAR and GR) antioxidants, as well as oxidative parameters (H<span class="hlt">2</span>O<span class="hlt">2</span> and MDA) and major carotenoids, were measured in unripe and ripe fruits from well-irrigated and non-irrigated trees. Under non-limiting water supply conditions, ripening induced oxidation as a result of the production of ROS and decreased ascorbate content. Antioxidant enzymatic systems were activated to protect fruit tissues and to regenerate the ascorbate pool. The carotenoid pool, mainly represented <span class="hlt">by</span> β-carotene and esterified violaxanthine isomers, accumulated naturally during mango ripening. The suppression of irrigation decreased fruit size and induced accumulation of ABA and of its storage form, ABA-GE, in fruit pulp from the earliest harvest. It also increased oxidation, which was observable <span class="hlt">by</span> the high levels of ascorbate measured at the early stages at harvest, and <span class="hlt">by</span> the delay in the time it took to reach the pseudo constant carotene-to-xanthophyll ratio in ripe fruits. Nevertheless, differences between the irrigation treatments on the antioxidant system in ripe fruits were not significant, mainly because of the drastic changes in this system during ripening. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24303020','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24303020"><span>Insights from the complete chloroplast genome into the evolution of Sesamum indicum L.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhang, Haiyang; Li, Chun; Miao, Hongmei; Xiong, Songjin</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the oldest oilseed crops. In order to investigate the evolutionary characters according to the Sesame Genome Project, apart from sequencing its nuclear genome, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of S. indicum <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Yuzhi 11 (white seeded) using Illumina and 454 sequencing. Comparisons of chloroplast genomes between S. indicum and the 18 other higher plants were then analyzed. The chloroplast genome of <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Yuzhi 11 contains 153,338 bp and a total of 114 unique genes (KC569603). The number of chloroplast genes in sesame is the same as that in Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>, Vitis vinifera and Platanus occidentalis. The variation in the length of the large single-copy (LSC) regions and inverted repeats (IR) in sesame compared to 18 other higher plant species was the main contributor to size variation in the cp genome in these species. The 77 functional chloroplast genes, except for ycf1 and ycf<span class="hlt">2</span>, were highly conserved. The deletion of the cp ycf1 gene sequence in cp genomes may be due either to its transfer to the nuclear genome, as has occurred in sesame, or direct deletion, as has occurred in Panax ginseng and Cucumis sativus. The sesame ycf<span class="hlt">2</span> gene is only 5,721 bp in length and has lost about 1,179 bp. Nucleotides 1-585 of ycf<span class="hlt">2</span> when queried in BLAST had hits in the sesame draft genome. Five repeats (R10, R12, R13, R14 and R17) were unique to the sesame chloroplast genome. We also found that IR contraction/expansion in the cp genome alters its rate of evolution. Chloroplast genes and repeats display the signature of convergent evolution in sesame and other species. These findings provide a foundation for further investigation of cp genome evolution in Sesamum and other higher plants.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22234149','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22234149"><span>Cardiovascular safety with linagliptin in patients with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes mellitus: a pre-specified, prospective, and adjudicated meta-analysis of a phase 3 programme.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Johansen, Odd Erik; Neubacher, Dietmar; von Eynatten, Maximilian; Patel, Sanjay; Woerle, Hans-Juergen</p> <p>2012-01-10</p> <p>This study investigated the cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) safety profile of the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor linagliptin versus comparator treatments. This was a pre-specified meta-analysis of <span class="hlt">CV</span> events in linagliptin or comparator-treated patients with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes mellitus (T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM) from eight Phase 3 studies. All suspected <span class="hlt">CV</span> events were prospectively adjudicated <span class="hlt">by</span> a blinded independent expert committee. The primary endpoint was a composite of <span class="hlt">CV</span> death, stroke, myocardial infarction, and hospitalization for unstable angina. Three secondary composite endpoints derived from the adjudicated <span class="hlt">CV</span> events were also pre-specified. Risk estimates were calculated using several statistical methods including Cox regression analysis. Of 5239 treated patients (mean ± SD HbA1c 65 ± 10 mmol/mol [8.0 ± 0.9%], age 58 ± 10 years, BMI 29 ± 5 kg/m<span class="hlt">2</span>), 3319 received linagliptin once daily (5 mg, 3159; 10 mg, 160) and 1920 received comparators (placebo, 977; glimepiride 1-4 mg, 781; voglibose 0.6 mg, 162). Cumulative exposure (patient-years) was 2060 for linagliptin and 1372 for comparators. Primary <span class="hlt">CV</span> events occurred in 11 (0.3%) patients receiving linagliptin and 23 (1.<span class="hlt">2</span>%) receiving comparators. The hazard ratio (HR) for the primary endpoint showed significantly lower risk with linagliptin than comparators (HR 0.34 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16-0.70]) as did estimates for all secondary endpoints (HR ranging from 0.34 to 0.55 [all upper 95% CIs < 1.0]). These results from a large Phase 3 programme support the hypothesis that linagliptin may have <span class="hlt">CV</span> benefits in patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM. © 2012 Johansen et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17086563','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17086563"><span>Use of cyclo-oxygenase <span class="hlt">2</span> inhibitors (COX-<span class="hlt">2</span>) and prescription non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) in UK and USA populations. Implications for COX-<span class="hlt">2</span> cardiovascular profile.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Arellano, Félix M; Yood, Marianne Ulcickas; Wentworth, Charles E; Oliveria, Susan A; Rivero, Elena; Verma, Anila; Rothman, Kenneth J</p> <p>2006-12-01</p> <p>COX-<span class="hlt">2</span> and NSAIDS differ in their gastrointestinal (GI) and cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) toxicity from pharmacological, clinical and epidemiologic point of views. Describe the patterns of use of NSAIDS and COX-<span class="hlt">2</span> in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database in UK and the PharMetrics database in USA. We examined the experience of 10 distinct cohorts of new users of diclofenac, naproxen, ibuprofen, piroxicam, other NSAIDS, meloxicam, celecoxib, etoricoxib, rofecoxib and valdecoxib. The study period was 1 January 1995 through 2004 (31 March in UK and 28 February in USA). We collected information on covariates including history of upper GI disease, <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease, hepatic disease, dosage, concomitant medication, and visits to a rheumatologist. We identified 486 076 unique patient-drug pairs in UK and 1 533 239 in USA. In UK population 78 201 (16%) were COX-<span class="hlt">2</span> users and in PharMetrics 324 206 (21%) were COX-<span class="hlt">2</span> users. Diclofenac and ibuprofen (NSAIDS), and celecoxib and rofecoxib (COX-<span class="hlt">2</span>) were the agents prescribed most frequently. The duration of therapy was longer among celecoxib and rofecoxib users than among other users. More COX-<span class="hlt">2</span> users than NSAIDS users received concomitant gastroprotective agents (GPA), corticosteroids and anti-platelet therapy, and had a history of thromboembolic events and hypertension. PharMetrics patients were prescribed higher doses of NSAIDS and COX-<span class="hlt">2</span>. The use of any single agent for more than 90 days was uncommon, but more frequent in PharMetrics. Switching was uncommon and was generally to a NSAID. Our results confirm some previous findings from other authors such as the presence of both GI and <span class="hlt">CV</span> channelling to COX-<span class="hlt">2</span> agents but refute others, such as the frequency of drug switching between these agents. The typical use of COX-<span class="hlt">2</span> agents in practice is for shorter duration, and at lower doses, than was employed in randomized clinical trials. This difference may help clarify the apparent discrepancy with respect to <span class="hlt">CV</span> toxicity between the results from</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24919480','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24919480"><span>Chemical composition, aroma evaluation, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity of volatile oil extracted from Brassica rapa <span class="hlt">cv</span>. "yukina" used in Japanese traditional food.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Usami, Atsushi; Motooka, Ryota; Takagi, Ayumi; Nakahashi, Hiroshi; Okuno, Yoshiharu; Miyazawa, Mitsuo</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The chemical composition of the volatile oil extracted from the aerial parts of Brassica rapa <span class="hlt">cv</span>. "yukina" was analyzed using GC-MS, GC-PFPD, and GC-O. A total of 50 compounds were identified. The most prominent constituents were (E)-1,5-heptadiene (40.27%), 3-methyl-3-butenenitrile (25.97%) and 3-phenylpropanenitrile (12.41%). With regard to aroma compounds, 12 compounds were identified <span class="hlt">by</span> GC-O analysis. The main aroma-active compounds were dimethyl tetrasulfide (sulphury-cabbage, FD = 64), 3-phenylpropanenitrile (nutty, FD = 64), 3-methylindole (pungent, FD = 64), and methional (potato, FD = 32). The antioxidant activity of the aroma-active compounds of the oil was determined using an oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay using fluorescein as the fluorescent probe. The ORAC values were found to be 785 ± 67 trolox equivalents (μmol TE/g) for B. rapa <span class="hlt">cv</span>. "yukina" oil. The results obtained showed that the volatile oil extracted from the aerial parts is a good dietary source of antioxidants.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27376831','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27376831"><span>Cardiovascular safety of empagliflozin in patients with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes: a meta-analysis of data from randomized placebo-controlled trials.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Salsali, A; Kim, G; Woerle, H J; Broedl, U C; Hantel, S</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>To assess the effect of empagliflozin on cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) risk in patients with type <span class="hlt">2</span> diabetes (T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM) through a meta-analysis of data from eight placebo-controlled trials. Data were analysed from eight randomized placebo-controlled trials undertaken to investigate the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg once daily in patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM, comprising patients at low/medium and high <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk. Suspected <span class="hlt">CV</span> events were prospectively adjudicated. The empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg groups were pooled for the primary analysis. The primary endpoint was a composite of <span class="hlt">CV</span> death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), non-fatal stroke and hospitalization for unstable angina [4-point major adverse <span class="hlt">CV</span> events (MACE)]. The secondary endpoint was a composite of <span class="hlt">CV</span> death, non-fatal MI and non-fatal stroke (3-point MACE). Risk estimates were calculated using Cox regression analysis. A total of 3835 patients received placebo and 7457 received empagliflozin. Total exposure was 7448.3 years for placebo and 15482.1 years for empagliflozin. Four-point MACE occurred in 365 (9.5%) patients receiving placebo and 635 (8.5%) patients receiving empagliflozin [hazard ratio for empagliflozin vs. placebo 0.86 (95% CI 0.76, 0.98)]. Three-point MACE occurred in 307 (8.0%) patients receiving placebo and 522 (7.0%) patients receiving empagliflozin [hazard ratio for empagliflozin vs. placebo 0.84 (95% CI 0.73, 0.96)]. In a meta-analysis of data from eight randomized trials involving 11 292 patients with T<span class="hlt">2</span>DM at low/medium or high <span class="hlt">CV</span> risk, empagliflozin was associated with a reduced risk of 4-point MACE and 3-point MACE compared with placebo. © 2016 The Authors. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism published <span class="hlt">by</span> John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170005741','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170005741"><span>NWA10758: A New <span class="hlt">CV</span>3 Chondrite Bearing a Giant CAI with Hibonite-Rich Wark-Lovering Rim</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ross, D. K.; Simon, J. I.; Zolensky, M.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Northwest Africa (NWA) 10758 is a newly identified carbonaceous chondrite that is a Bali-like oxidized <span class="hlt">CV</span>3. The large Ca-Al rich inclusion (CAI) in this sample is approx. <span class="hlt">2</span>.4 x 1.4 cm. The CAI is transitional in composition between type A and type B, with interior mineralogy dominated <span class="hlt">by</span> melilite, plus less abundant spinel and Al-Ti rich diopside, and only very minor anorthite (Fig. 1A). This CAI is largely free of secondary alteration in the exposed section we examined, with almost no nepheline, sodalite or Ca-Fe silicates. The Wark-Lovering (WL) rim on this CAI is dominated <span class="hlt">by</span> hibonite, with lower abundances of spinel and perovskite, and with hibonite locally overlain <span class="hlt">by</span> melilite plus perovskite (as in Fig. 1B). Note that the example shown in 1B is exceptional. Around most of the CAI, hibonite + spinel + perovskite form the WL rim, without overlying melilite. The WL rim can be unusually thick, ranging from approx. 20 microns up to approx. 150 microns. A well-developed, stratified accretionary rim infills embayments of the CAI, and thins over protuberances in the convoluted CAI surface.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..1413543P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..1413543P"><span><span class="hlt">CV</span>-Dust: Atmospheric aerosol in the Cape Verde region: carbon and soluble fractions of PM10</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pio, C.; Nunes, T.; Cardoso, J.; Caseiro, A.; Custódio, D.; Cerqueira, M.; Patoilo, D.; Almeida, S. M.; Freitas, M. C.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>Every year, billions of tons of eroded mineral soils from the Saharan Desert and the Sahel region, the largest dust source in the world, cross Mediterranean towards Europe, western Asia and the tropical North Atlantic Ocean as far as the Caribbean and South America. Many aspects of the direct and indirect effects of dust on climate are not well understood and the bulk and surface chemistry of the mineral dust particles determines interactions with gaseous and other particle species. The quantification of the magnitude of warming or cooling remains open because of the strong variability of the atmospheric dust burden and the lack of representative data for the spatial and temporal distribution of the dust composition. <span class="hlt">CV</span>-Dust is a project that aims at provide a detailed data on the size distribution and the size-resolved chemical and mineralogical composition of dust emitted from North Africa using a natural laboratory like Cape Verde. This archipelago is located in an area of massive dust transport from land to ocean, and is thus ideal to set up sampling devices that are able to characterize and quantify dust transported from Africa. Moreover, Cape Verde's future economic prospects depend heavily on the encouragement of tourism, therefore it is essential to elucidate the role of Saharan dust may play in the degradation of Cape Verde air quality. The main objectives of <span class="hlt">CV</span>-Dust project are: 1) to characterize the chemical and mineralogical composition of dust transported from Africa <span class="hlt">by</span> setting up an orchestra of aerosol sampling devices in the strategic archipelago of Cape Verde; <span class="hlt">2</span>) to identify the sources of particles in Cape Verde <span class="hlt">by</span> using receptor models; 3) to elucidate the role Saharan dust may play in the degradation of Cape Verde air quality; 4) to model processes governing dust production, transport, interaction with the radiation field and removal from the atmosphere. Here we present part of the data obtained throughout the last year, involving a set of more</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3532254','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3532254"><span>An Ancient Duplication of Apple MYB Transcription Factors Is Responsible for Novel Red Fruit-Flesh Phenotypes1[C][W</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Chagné, David; Lin-Wang, Kui; Espley, Richard V.; Volz, Richard K.; How, Natalie M.; Rouse, Simon; Brendolise, Cyril; Carlisle, Charmaine M.; Kumar, Satish; De Silva, Nihal; Micheletti, Diego; McGhie, Tony; Crowhurst, Ross N.; Storey, Roy D.; Velasco, Riccardo; Hellens, Roger P.; Gardiner, Susan E.; Allan, Andrew C.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Anthocyanin accumulation is coordinated in plants <span class="hlt">by</span> a number of conserved transcription factors. In apple (Malus × domestica), an R<span class="hlt">2</span>R3 MYB transcription factor has been shown to control fruit flesh and foliage anthocyanin pigmentation (MYB10) and fruit skin color (MYB1). However, the pattern of expression and allelic variation at these loci does not explain all anthocyanin-related apple phenotypes. One such example is an open-pollinated seedling of <span class="hlt">cv</span> Sangrado that has green foliage and develops red flesh in the fruit cortex late in maturity. We used methods that combine plant breeding, molecular biology, and genomics to identify duplicated MYB transcription factors that could control this phenotype. We then demonstrated that the red-flesh cortex phenotype is associated with enhanced expression of MYB110a, a paralog of MYB10. Functional characterization of MYB110a showed that it was able to up-regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>). The chromosomal location of MYB110a is consistent with a whole-genome duplication event that occurred during the evolution of apple within the Maloideae family. Both MYB10 and MYB110a have conserved function in some cultivars, but they differ in their expression pattern and response to fruit maturity. PMID:23096157</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1379600-loss-inositol-phosphorylceramide-sphingolipid-mannosylation-induces-plant-immune-responses-reduces-cellulose-content-arabidopsis','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1379600-loss-inositol-phosphorylceramide-sphingolipid-mannosylation-induces-plant-immune-responses-reduces-cellulose-content-arabidopsis"><span>Loss of Inositol Phosphorylceramide Sphingolipid Mannosylation Induces Plant Immune Responses and Reduces Cellulose Content in Arabidopsis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Fang, Lin; Ishikawa, Toshiki; Rennie, Emilie A.; ...</p> <p>2016-11-28</p> <p>Glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs) are a class of glycosylated sphingolipids found in plants, fungi, and protozoa. These lipids are abundant in the plant plasma membrane, forming ~25% of total plasma membrane lipids. Little is known about the function of the glycosylated headgroup, but two recent studies have indicated that they play a key role in plant signaling and defense. Here, we show that a member of glycosyltransferase family 64, previously named ECTOPICALLY PARTING CELLS1, is likely a Golgi-localized GIPC-specific mannosyl-transferase, which we renamed GIPC MANNOSYL-TRANSFERASE1 (GMT1). Sphingolipid analysis revealed that the Arabidopsis thaliana gmt1 mutant almost completely lacks mannose-carrying GIPCs. Heterologousmore » expression of GMT1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) <span class="hlt">cv</span> Bright Yellow <span class="hlt">2</span> resulted in the production of non-native mannosylated GIPCs. gmt1 displays a severe dwarfed phenotype and a constitutive hypersensitive response characterized <span class="hlt">by</span> elevated salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide levels, similar to that we previously reported for the Golgi-localized, GIPC-specific, GDP-Man transporter GONST1 (Mortimer et al., 2013). Unexpectedly, we show that gmt1 cell walls have a reduction in cellulose content, although other matrix polysaccharides are unchanged.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=155877','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=155877"><span>Overexpression of Polygalacturonase in Transgenic Apple Trees Leads to a Range of Novel Phenotypes Involving Changes in Cell Adhesion1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Atkinson, Ross G.; Schröder, Roswitha; Hallett, Ian C.; Cohen, Daniel; MacRae, Elspeth A.</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>Polygalacturonases (PGs) cleave runs of unesterified GalUA that form homogalacturonan regions along the backbone of pectin. Homogalacturonan-rich pectin is commonly found in the middle lamella region of the wall where two adjacent cells abut and its integrity is important for cell adhesion. Transgenic apple (Malus domestica Borkh. <span class="hlt">cv</span> Royal Gala) trees were produced that contained additional copies of a fruit-specific apple PG gene under a constitutive promoter. In contrast to previous studies in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana <span class="hlt">tabacum</span>) where PG overexpression had no effect on the plant (K.W. Osteryoung, K. Toenjes, B. Hall, V. Winkler, A.B. Bennett [1990] Plant Cell <span class="hlt">2</span>: 1239–1248), PG overexpression in transgenic apple led to a range of novel phenotypes. These phenotypes included silvery colored leaves and premature leaf shedding due to reduced cell adhesion in leaf abscission zones. Mature leaves had malformed and malfunctioning stomata that perturbed water relations and contributed to a brittle leaf phenotype. Chemical and ultrastructural analyses were used to relate the phenotypic changes to pectin changes in the leaf cell walls. The modification of apple trees <span class="hlt">by</span> a single PG gene has offered a new and unexpected perspective on the role of pectin and cell wall adhesion in leaf morphology and stomatal development. PMID:12011344</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25277445','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25277445"><span>Activation of salicylic acid metabolism and signal transduction can enhance resistance to Fusarium wilt in banana (Musa acuminata L. AAA group, <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Cavendish).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Zhuo; Jia, Caihong; Li, Jingyang; Huang, Suzhen; Xu, Biyu; Jin, Zhiqiang</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Fusarium wilt caused <span class="hlt">by</span> the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubens (Foc) is the most serious disease that attacks banana plants. Salicylic acid (SA) can play a key role in plant-microbe interactions. Our study is the first to examine the role of SA in conferring resistance to Foc TR4 in banana (Musa acuminata L. AAA group, <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Cavendish), which is the greatest commercial importance cultivar in Musa. We used quantitative real-time reverse polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to analyze the expression profiles of 45 genes related to SA biosynthesis and downstream signaling pathways in a susceptible banana cultivar (<span class="hlt">cv</span>. Cavendish) and a resistant banana cultivar (<span class="hlt">cv</span>. Nongke No. 1) inoculated with Foc TR4. The expression of genes involved in SA biosynthesis and downstream signaling pathways was suppressed in a susceptible cultivar and activated in a resistant cultivar. The SA levels in each treatment arm were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. SA levels were decreased in the susceptible cultivar and increased in the resistant cultivar. Finally, we examined the contribution of exogenous SA to Foc TR4 resistance in susceptible banana plants. The expression of genes involved in SA biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways as well as SA levels were significantly increased. The results suggest that one reason for banana susceptibility to Foc TR4 is that expression of genes involved in SA biosynthesis and SA levels are suppressed and that the induced resistance observed in banana against Foc TR4 might be a case of salicylic acid-dependent systemic acquired resistance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5360132','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5360132"><span>Antibody persistence and immunologic memory in children vaccinated with 4 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: Results from <span class="hlt">2</span> long-term follow-up studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Wysocki, Jacek; Brzostek, Jerzy; Konior, Ryszard; Panzer, Falko G.; François, Nancy A.; Ravula, Sudheer M.; Kolhe, Devayani A.; Song, Yue; Dieussaert, Ilse; Schuerman, Lode; Borys, Dorota</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>ABSTRACT To investigate long-term antibody persistence following the administration of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>), we present results of <span class="hlt">2</span> follow-up studies assessing antibody persistence following <span class="hlt">2</span> 3+1 schedules up to 4 (NCT00624819 – Study A) and 5 years (NCT00891176 – Study B) post-booster vaccination. In Study A, antibody persistence was measured one, <span class="hlt">2</span> and 4 years post-booster in children previously primed and boosted with PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span>, or primed with the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vCRM) and boosted with either PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> or 7vCRM. In Study B, PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> was co-administered with meningococcal vaccines, and pneumococcal antibody persistence was measured <span class="hlt">2</span>, 3 and 5 years post-booster. An age-matched control group, unvaccinated against Streptococcus pneumoniae, was enrolled in Study A, allowing assessment of immunologic memory <span class="hlt">by</span> administration of one dose of PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> to both primed (4 years post-booster) and unprimed 6-year-old children. Four years post-booster (Study A), antibody concentrations and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titers remained higher compared to the pre-booster timepoint, with no major differences between the 3 primed groups. Antibody persistence was also observed in Study B, with minimal differences between groups. The additional PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> dose administered 4 years post-booster in Study A elicited more robust immune responses in primed children than in unprimed children. Long-term serotype-specific antibody persistence and robust immunologic memory responses observed in these <span class="hlt">2</span> studies suggest induction of long-term protection against pneumococcal disease after PHiD-<span class="hlt">CV</span> vaccination. PMID:27736293</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1351588-reducing-interface-recombination-cu-ga-se-atomic-layer-deposited-buffer-layers','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1351588-reducing-interface-recombination-cu-ga-se-atomic-layer-deposited-buffer-layers"><span>Reducing interface recombination for Cu(In,Ga)Se <span class="hlt">2</span> <span class="hlt">by</span> atomic layer deposited buffer layers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Hultqvist, Adam; Li, Jian V.; Kuciauskas, Darius</p> <p>2015-07-20</p> <p>Partial CuInGaSe<span class="hlt">2</span> (CIGS) solar cell stacks with different atomic layer deposited buffer layers and pretreatments were analyzed <span class="hlt">by</span> photoluminescence (PL) and capacitance voltage (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) measurements to investigate the buffer layer/CIGS interface. Atomic layer deposited ZnS, ZnO, and SnOx buffer layers were compared with chemical bath deposited CdS buffer layers. Band bending, charge density, and interface state density were extracted from the <span class="hlt">CV</span> measurement using an analysis technique new to CIGS. The surface recombination velocity calculated from the density of interface traps for a ZnS/CIGS stack shows a remarkably low value of 810 cm/s, approaching the range of single crystalline II-VImore » systems. Both the PL spectra and its lifetime depend on the buffer layer; thus, these measurements are not only sensitive to the absorber but also to the absorber/buffer layer system. Pretreatment of the CIGS prior to the buffer layer deposition plays a significant role on the electrical properties for the same buffer layer/CIGS stack, further illuminating the importance of good interface formation. Finally, ZnS is found to be the best performing buffer layer in this study, especially if the CIGS surface is pretreated with potassium cyanide.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1386071-reducing-interface-recombination-cu-ga-se-atomic-layer-deposited-buffer-layers','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1386071-reducing-interface-recombination-cu-ga-se-atomic-layer-deposited-buffer-layers"><span>Reducing interface recombination for Cu(In,Ga)Se <span class="hlt">2</span> <span class="hlt">by</span> atomic layer deposited buffer layers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Hultqvist, Adam; Li, Jian V.; Kuciauskas, Darius</p> <p>2015-07-20</p> <p>Partial CuInGaSe<span class="hlt">2</span> (CIGS) solar cell stacks with different atomic layer deposited buffer layers and pretreatments were analyzed <span class="hlt">by</span> photoluminescence (PL) and capacitance voltage (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) measurements to investigate the buffer layer/CIGS interface. Atomic layer deposited ZnS, ZnO, and SnOx buffer layers were compared with chemical bath deposited CdS buffer layers. Band bending, charge density, and interface state density were extracted from the <span class="hlt">CV</span> measurement using an analysis technique new to CIGS. The surface recombination velocity calculated from the density of interface traps for a ZnS/CIGS stack shows a remarkably low value of 810 cm/s, approaching the range of single crystalline II–VImore » systems. Both the PL spectra and its lifetime depend on the buffer layer; thus, these measurements are not only sensitive to the absorber but also to the absorber/buffer layer system. Pretreatment of the CIGS prior to the buffer layer deposition plays a significant role on the electrical properties for the same buffer layer/CIGS stack, further illuminating the importance of good interface formation. Finally, ZnS is found to be the best performing buffer layer in this study, especially if the CIGS surface is pretreated with potassium cyanide.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25813276','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25813276"><span>Circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme <span class="hlt">2</span> activity in patients with chronic kidney disease without previous history of cardiovascular disease.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Anguiano, Lidia; Riera, Marta; Pascual, Julio; Valdivielso, José Manuel; Barrios, Clara; Betriu, Angels; Mojal, Sergi; Fernández, Elvira; Soler, María José</p> <p>2015-07-01</p> <p>Patients with cardiovascular (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) disease have an increased circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme <span class="hlt">2</span> (ACE<span class="hlt">2</span>) activity, but there is little information about changes in ACE<span class="hlt">2</span> in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients without history of <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease. We examined circulating ACE<span class="hlt">2</span> activity in CKD patients at stages 3-5 (CKD3-5) and in dialysis (CKD5D) without any history of <span class="hlt">CV</span> disease. Circulating ACE<span class="hlt">2</span> activity was measured in human ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-plasma samples from the NEFRONA study (n = 2572): control group (CONT) (n = 568), CKD3-5 (n = 1458) and CKD5D (n = 546). Different clinical and analytical variables such as gender; age; history of diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia and hypertension; glycaemic, renal, lipid and anaemia profiles; vitamin D analogues treatment and antihypertensive treatments (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blockade) were analysed. Circulating ACE<span class="hlt">2</span> and ACE activities were measured using modified fluorimetric assay for EDTA-plasma samples, where zinc chloride was added to recover enzymatic activity. In CKD3-5 and CKD5D, significant decrease in circulating ACE<span class="hlt">2</span> activity was observed when compared with CONT, but no differences were found between CKD3-5 and CKD5 when performing paired case-control studies. <span class="hlt">By</span> multivariate linear regression analysis, male gender and advanced age were identified as independent predictors of ACE<span class="hlt">2</span> activity in all groups. Diabetes was identified as independent predictor of ACE<span class="hlt">2</span> activity in CKD3-5. Significant increase in the activity of circulating ACE was found in CKD3-5 and CKD5D when compared with CONT and in CKD5D when compared with CKD3-5. <span class="hlt">By</span> multiple regression analysis, female gender and younger age were identified as independent predictors of ACE activity in CONT and CKD3-5. Diabetes was also identified as an independent predictor of ACE activity in CKD3-5 patients. Circulating ACE<span class="hlt">2</span> and ACE activities can be measured in human EDTA-plasma samples with zinc</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19685719','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19685719"><span>[Effect of preventive acupuncture and moxibustion at "Guanyuan" (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 4) on the expression of HSP 70 and HSP 70 mRNA in spleen and the contents of serum IL-<span class="hlt">2</span>, TNF-alpha in menopausal rats].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Xiao-Hong; Wang, Hong-Bin; Xu, Li-Li; Song, Xiao-Lin; Zheng, Ling; He, Yu-Wei; Zhang, Lu-Fen</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>To observe the influence of preventive acupuncture (PA) and preventive moxibustion (PM) at "Guanyuan" (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 4) on the immune function in natural climacteric rats. A total of 160 female SD rats were randomized into control, PA and PM groups, the former one group was further divided into 10 month (mon), 12 mon, 14 mon and 16 mon subgroups, and the later two groups were further divided into 12 mon, 14 mon and 16 mon subgroups, with 16 rats in each. In addition, other 16 female SD rats aged 3.5 mon were used as the young control (YC) group. "Guanyuan" (<span class="hlt">CV</span> 4) was punctured with an acupuncture needle and the needle was retained for 20 min, or given with one ignited moxa-cone from the age of 10 mon on. The treatment was conducted twice every week, 8 weeks altogether. The expression of HSP 70 and HSP 70 mRNA of the spleen tissue was detected <span class="hlt">by</span> using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization respectively, and serum IL-<span class="hlt">2</span> and TNF-alpha contents were assayed <span class="hlt">by</span> using radio-immunoassay. In comparison with YC group, 1) the expression of spleen HSP 70 and HSP 70 mRNA increased significantly in 10 mon control (mon-C), 12 mon-PM and 12 mon-PA groups, and 14 mon-PA group (only HSP 70 mRNA) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); <span class="hlt">2</span>) HSP 70 expression decreased remarkably in 14 mon-C, 16 mon-C and 16 mon-PA groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); 3) IL-<span class="hlt">2</span> contents decreased evidently in 12 mon-C and 14 mon-C groups, and TNF-alpha contents increased obviously in 12 mon-PM, 12 mon-PA and 16 mon-C groups (P < 0.05). In comparison with the corresponding same age control groups, HSP 70 and HSP 70 mRNA expression increased significantly in 12 mon-PM and 12 mon-PA groups, 14 mon-PM and 16 mon-PM (HSP 70 only), 14 mon-PA (HSP 70 mRNA only) groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); IL-<span class="hlt">2</span> level of 12 mon-PM group, and TNF-alpha contents of 12 mon-PM and 12 mon-PA groups increased markedly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). No significant differences were found between PM and PA groups in most different age groups (P > 0.05). Both preventive</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5124697','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5124697"><span>Expression Profiles and DNA-Binding Affinity of Five ERF Genes in Bunches of Vitis vinifera <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Cardinal Treated with High Levels of CO<span class="hlt">2</span> at Low Temperature</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Romero, Irene; Vazquez-Hernandez, Maria; Escribano, M. I.; Merodio, Carmen; Sanchez-Ballesta, M. T.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Ethylene response factors (ERFs) play an important role in plants <span class="hlt">by</span> regulating defense response through interaction with various stress pathways. After harvest, table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) are subject to a range of problems associated with postharvest storage at 0°C, such as fungal attack, water loss and rachis browning. The application of a 3-day high CO<span class="hlt">2</span> treatment maintained fruit quality and activated the induction of transcription factors belonging to different families such as ERF. In this paper, we have isolated five VviERFs from table grapes <span class="hlt">cv</span>. Cardinal, whose deduced amino acid sequence contained the conserved apetalous (AP<span class="hlt">2</span>)/ERF domain. The phylogeny and putative conserved motifs in VviERFs were analyzed and compared with those previously reported in Vitis. VviERFs-c gene expression was studied <span class="hlt">by</span> quantitative real-time RT-PCR in the different tissues of bunches stored at low temperature and treated with high levels of CO<span class="hlt">2</span>. The results showed that in most of the tissues analyzed, VviERFs-c gene expression was induced <span class="hlt">by</span> the storage under normal atmosphere although the application of high levels of CO<span class="hlt">2</span> caused a greater increase in the VviERFs-c transcript accumulation. The promoter regions of two PRs (pathogenesis related proteins), Vcchit1b and Vcgns1, were obtained and the in silico analysis revealed the presence of a cis-acting ethylene response element (GCC box). In addition, expression of these two PR genes was analyzed in the pulp and rachis of CO<span class="hlt">2</span>-treated and non-treated table grapes stored at 0°C and results showed significant correlations with VviERF<span class="hlt">2</span>-c and VviERF6L7-c gene expression in rachis, and between VviERF11-c and Vcchit1b in pulp. Finally <span class="hlt">by</span> using electro mobility shift assays, we denoted differences in binding of VviERFs to the GCC sequences present in the promoters of both PRs, with VviERF6L7-c being the only member which did not bind to any tested probe. Overall, our results suggest that the beneficial effect of high CO<span class="hlt">2</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29472694','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29472694"><span>Improving accuracies of genomic predictions for drought tolerance in maize <span class="hlt">by</span> joint modeling of additive and dominance effects in multi-environment trials.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dias, Kaio Olímpio Das Graças; Gezan, Salvador Alejandro; Guimarães, Claudia Teixeira; Nazarian, Alireza; da Costa E Silva, Luciano; Parentoni, Sidney Netto; de Oliveira Guimarães, Paulo Evaristo; de Oliveira Anoni, Carina; Pádua, José Maria Villela; de Oliveira Pinto, Marcos; Noda, Roberto Willians; Ribeiro, Carlos Alexandre Gomes; de Magalhães, Jurandir Vieira; Garcia, Antonio Augusto Franco; de Souza, João Cândido; Guimarães, Lauro José Moreira; Pastina, Maria Marta</p> <p>2018-07-01</p> <p>Breeding for drought tolerance is a challenging task that requires costly, extensive, and precise phenotyping. Genomic selection (GS) can be used to maximize selection efficiency and the genetic gains in maize (Zea mays L.) breeding programs for drought tolerance. Here, we evaluated the accuracy of genomic selection (GS) using additive (A) and additive + dominance (AD) models to predict the performance of untested maize single-cross hybrids for drought tolerance in multi-environment trials. Phenotypic data of five drought tolerance traits were measured in 308 hybrids along eight trials under water-stressed (WS) and well-watered (WW) conditions over two years and two locations in Brazil. Hybrids' genotypes were inferred based on their parents' genotypes (inbred lines) using single-nucleotide polymorphism markers obtained via genotyping-<span class="hlt">by</span>-sequencing. GS analyses were performed using genomic best linear unbiased prediction <span class="hlt">by</span> fitting a factor analytic (FA) multiplicative mixed model. Two cross-validation (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) schemes were tested: <span class="hlt">CV</span>1 and <span class="hlt">CV</span><span class="hlt">2</span>. The FA framework allowed for investigating the stability of additive and dominance effects across environments, as well as the additive-<span class="hlt">by</span>-environment and the dominance-<span class="hlt">by</span>-environment interactions, with interesting applications for parental and hybrid selection. Results showed differences in the predictive accuracy between A and AD models, using both <span class="hlt">CV</span>1 and <span class="hlt">CV</span><span class="hlt">2</span>, for the five traits in both water conditions. For grain yield (GY) under WS and using <span class="hlt">CV</span>1, the AD model doubled the predictive accuracy in comparison to the A model. Through <span class="hlt">CV</span><span class="hlt">2</span>, GS models benefit from borrowing information of correlated trials, resulting in an increase of 40% and 9% in the predictive accuracy of GY under WS for A and AD models, respectively. These results highlight the importance of multi-environment trial analyses using GS models that incorporate additive and dominance effects for genomic predictions of GY under drought in maize single</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApSS..359..853Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApSS..359..853Z"><span>Preparation of sensitive and recyclable porous Ag/TiO<span class="hlt">2</span> composite films for SERS detection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Zhengyi; Yu, Jiajie; Yang, Jingying; Lv, Xiang; Wang, Tianhe</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Porous Ag/TiO<span class="hlt">2</span> composite films were prepared <span class="hlt">by</span> spin coating of titania on normal glass slides and subsequent photochemical deposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The films were characterized <span class="hlt">by</span> XRD and FESEM to reveal micro structural and morphological differences between films obtained under varied conditions. The SERS properties of these films were investigated using aqueous crystal violet (<span class="hlt">CV</span>) as probe molecules. The results indicate that the content of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and photo-reduction time had significant influences on both the microstructure and SERS performance of Ag/TiO<span class="hlt">2</span> films. The highest SERS sensitivity that allowed as low as 10-10 M aqueous <span class="hlt">CV</span> to be detected, was achieved with the PEG/(C4H9O)4Ti molar ratio being 0.08% and with 30 min of UV irradiation. With this film a linear relationship was established through experiment between SERS intensity and <span class="hlt">CV</span> concentration from 10-10 to 10-5 M, which could be used as a calibration curve for <span class="hlt">CV</span> concentration measurement. In addition, the film could be reused as a SERS substrate for up to four times without significantly losing SERS sensitivity if a simple regeneration was followed. It is visualized that the Ag/TiO<span class="hlt">2</span> film on glass has potentials for being developed into a practical SERS substrate with high sensitivity and good reusability.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. 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