An Investigation of the Phenomenon of Shortages of Indian Teachers as Described by Tribal College Leaders in Teacher Preparation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Dell, Cynthia Best

2010-01-01

In Montana, less than 3% of K-12 teachers are American Indian (Montana Office of Public Instruction, 2009). The lack of Indian teachers, which was the problem identified for this dissertation, is of great concern to educational leaders. The shortage of Native American teachers can be correlated to problems in the education of K-12 students…

Solving the Teacher Shortage Problem in Ghana: Critical Perspectives for Understanding the Issues

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cobbold, Cosmas

2015-01-01

The problem of getting sufficient numbers of qualified teachers to staff classrooms is one of the most significant public policy issues facing many countries. In Ghana, the problem of teacher shortage has been a perennial one, necessitated by educational expansion as well as adverse socio-economic and political circumstances, and exacerbated by…

The Congruence of Vocational Interests and the Workplace Environment: Reducing the Language Teacher Shortage

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swanson, Peter B.

2012-01-01

There is a shortage of second/foreign language (S/FL) teachers in many parts of the world, and the rates of attrition are cause for alarm in North America. Canadian and US teachers' (N = 323) were administered the Self-Directed Search vocational interest inventory and the Coping in Stressful Situations scale. Results from this quantitative study…

Teacher Certification and Academic Growth among English Learner Students in the Houston Independent School District. REL 2018-284

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ruiz de Castilla, Verónica

2018-01-01

Aware of the challenges set before the Houston Independent school District by rapid growth in the numbers of English learner students, and a critical shortage of teachers with bilingual certification for more than a decade, members of Regional Educational Laboratory Southwest's English Learners Research Alliance sought information that districts…

Shortage of Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Is an Independent Risk Factor for Mortality in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.

PubMed

Jin, Sanli; Lu, Qian; Su, Chunyan; Pang, Dong; Wang, Tao

♦ BACKGROUND: Limited data are available on clinical outcomes among peritoneal dialysis patients with shortage of appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the shortage of ASM is an independent risk factor for mortality in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. ♦ METHODS: Adult patients undergoing CAPD between March and August 2007 in a single center in China were recruited in this prospective cohort study. Body composition, protein/energy intake, clinical, and biochemical data were collected at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. End points were all-cause mortality by 12 September 2014. The mean follow-up time was 60.21 (± 24.45) months (11.00 - 89.00). ♦ RESULTS: Compared with the baseline, the mean value of ASM in CAPD patients decreased at 12 months (19.40 ± 5.60 vs 21.85 ± 6.14, p < 0.001). According to the estimation of patient survival by Kaplan-Meier, patients with a shortage of ASM had a worse survival rate than those with normal ASM (χ 2 = 16.588, p < 0.001). In the Cox's proportional hazards model, patients' survival was independently associated with a shortage of ASM (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.318, p = 0.024, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.116 - 4.812). Standard daily protein intake (stDPI) and standard daily energy intake (stDEI) in patients with a shortage of ASM were significantly lower than those in patients with normal ASM in the first follow-up year (t = 2.067, p = 0.041; t = 3.673, p = 0.001). ♦ CONCLUSIONS: A shortage of ASM is an independent risk factor for mortality in CAPD patients. Further studies are needed to demonstrate that nutritional intervention helps with improving muscle mass and, consequently, the survival of CAPD patients. Copyright © 2017 International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis.

Teacher Shortages in Urban Schools: The Role of Traditional and Alternative Certification Routes in Filling the Voids.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ng, Jennifer C.

2003-01-01

Examines the impact of teacher recruitment approaches via university-based and alternative certification programs. Asserts that traditional and alternative certification efforts are by themselves limited in their potential to address the problem of teacher shortages in urban schools. Suggests that an organizational view of schools, which looks…

Exploring Higher Education's Response to the Early Childhood Education Teacher Shortage

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matczak, Melissa L.

2017-01-01

This qualitative single case study attempt is to explore how one institution of higher education can be responsive in meeting the needs of a teacher shortage in early childhood education and the factors impacting (hindering and helping) the collaborative partner process of designing an Applied Bachelor's in Science Degree in Elementary Education…

A Qualitative Case Study of the Bilingual Teacher Shortage in One Texas School District

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kennedy, Barbara H.

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine how stakeholders in one Texas school district perceive, experience, and respond to the Spanish bilingual teacher shortage. The research design was qualitative with an exploratory, single case study approach. The case study school district was a mid-sized suburban district in Texas that utilized a dual…

Hiring and Retaining Great Independent School Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Balossi, Matt; Hernández, Natalie R.

2016-01-01

While numerous studies measure teacher effectiveness in public schools, there is little research on teacher quality among independent schools. In fact, the topic of teacher quality in public schools receives widespread media coverage, funding, and special interest. In order to better understand how independent schools describe high-quality…

Characteristics of Independent Music Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Upitis, Rena; Abrami, Philip C.; Brook, Julia; Boese, Karen; King, Matthew

2017-01-01

The purpose of the present study was to learn about the characteristics of independent music teachers, their beliefs about music teaching, and their studio practices. A self-report survey included questions about the teachers' (a) background experiences, (b) pedagogical approaches, (c) use of digital technologies, and (d) professional development…

On Teacher Quality in Independent Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Balossi, Matt; Hernandez, Natalia R.

2016-01-01

Independent schools pride themselves on providing a unique educational experience for students, one that is robust and mission-driven and capitalizes on lower student-to-teacher ratios that allow for more personalized learning and high-quality teachers. Numerous studies measure teacher effectiveness in public schools, yet there is little research…

Teacher Recruitment (Part 1 of a series). Spotlight: Updating Our Agendas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Cheryl

2002-01-01

Describes the teacher shortage and details characteristics of the current generation of potential teachers for private schools, including their work-to-live perspective, independence, and reliance on computers and communication technologies. Asserts that community outreach should be an essential element of recruitment efforts. Outlines aspects of…

5 CFR 337.204 - Severe shortage of candidates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... local or national labor market; (3) The existence of nationwide or geographic skills shortages; (4... geographic locations. OPM may decide independently that such a shortage exists, or may make this decision in... quality of candidates; (6) The desirability of the geographic location of the position(s); (7) The...

5 CFR 337.204 - Severe shortage of candidates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... local or national labor market; (3) The existence of nationwide or geographic skills shortages; (4... geographic locations. OPM may decide independently that such a shortage exists, or may make this decision in... quality of candidates; (6) The desirability of the geographic location of the position(s); (7) The...

5 CFR 337.204 - Severe shortage of candidates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... local or national labor market; (3) The existence of nationwide or geographic skills shortages; (4... geographic locations. OPM may decide independently that such a shortage exists, or may make this decision in... quality of candidates; (6) The desirability of the geographic location of the position(s); (7) The...

The Independent Music Teacher: Practice and Preparation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Uszler, Marienne

1996-01-01

Provides a concise overview of the working conditions and challenges faced by independent music teachers (IMT). Most IMTs function in a number of capacities, as performer, teacher, and entrepreneur. Discusses changing trends in employment, including computer technology and the move for national certification. (MJP)

Level of the Environmental Risks' Awareness of Water Shortage for the Educational Sciences College's Student-Teachers at the World Islamic Sciences and Education University in Jordan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alebous, Tahani

2016-01-01

The study aimed at investigating the degree of awareness of environmental risks of water shortage of students-teachers in the majors of Classroom teachers, Counseling and Special education in the Education Sciences College at WISE and their degree of awareness according to major and gender. The sample of the study which was selected randomly…

The Teacher Aide...An Answer to the Teacher Shortage.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Axford, Roger W.

The Maine State Department of Education and the Continuing Education Division of Maine State University provided a series of summer institutes in 1968 at selected university locations throughout the state for presently employed or prospective teacher aides. Courses were offered to 116 teacher aides in education and the teacher aide, classroom…

Competition for Private and State School Teachers. CEE DP 94

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Green, Francis; Machin, Stephen; Murphy, Richard; Zhu, Yu

2010-01-01

Private schools have historically played an important role in the reproduction of the ruling classes in Britain. They continue to do so, but there is surprisingly little modern research as to how these schools impinge on the economy. In this paper we analyse the role of independent schools in the teachers' labour market. Teacher shortages in…

Morale, Participation and Shortage in White-Majority and White-Minority Schools: Principals' Perceptions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cheema, Jehanzeb R.; Fuller Hamilton, Asia N.

2017-01-01

Prior research has shown that teacher-centred factors such as teacher participation in decision making, teacher morale, and shortage of teaching staff, can affect school performance. In this study we examined how these factors differ between White-majority and White-minority schools both before and after controlling for school characteristics such…

A Longitudinal Investigation of the Relationship between Teacher Preparation and Teacher Retention

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhang, Guili; Zeller, Nancy

2016-01-01

Few issues in education threaten the nation as seriously as the present and growing shortage of teachers. Teacher attrition is high among teachers across the nation and is one of the most serious causes of teacher shortage (Ingersoll, 2004). As policy makers rush to address this problem, research is needed to examine the retention effects of…

Independent School Teachers' Perceptions of Supervision and Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Graybeal, Anne E.

2017-01-01

This dissertation addressed the teacher supervision process in one independent school in the United States. It explored teachers' approaches to giving and receiving feedback, their perceptions of students' motivation for learning versus their own, and the significance of their professional identities as teachers. The study was motivated by three…

The Use of Digital Tools by Independent Music Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Upitis, Rena; Abrami, Philip C.; Boese, Karen

2016-01-01

The present paper explores two aspects of independent music teachers' views and practices: (a) their views on the importance of self-regulation and (b) how they use tools available on mobile devices to enhance their students' learning. A survey involving 1,468 Canadian teachers revealed that most teachers are comfortable using digital technology.…

Unraveling the "Teacher Shortage" Problem: Teacher Retention is the Key.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

2002

This paper examines how the National Commission on Teaching and America's Future will address the high teacher attrition rates. Sections discuss: "The Conventional Wisdom is Wrong" (it is important to focus on how to keep the good teachers who have been recruited, trained, and hired rather than ask how to find and prepare more teachers); "A Closer…

There is No Shortage of Teachers, Just Skilled Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Freeland, Richard M.

2001-01-01

A wave of teacher retirements is expected just as fewer college-bound students express a preference for teaching careers, and more diverse students reach school age. Former U.S. Education Secretary Richard Riley suggested the nation would need more than 2 million new teachers over the next decade. This article presents some perspectives on…

Understanding Teacher Attraction and Retention Drivers: Addressing Teacher Shortages

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ashiedu, Jennifer A.; Scott-Ladd, Brenda D.

2012-01-01

The attraction and retention of teachers is a problem faced by schools worldwide and possibly more so in the public sector. One possible solution to this problem is likely to be better targeting of attraction and retention drivers of value to teachers. This paper presents the findings from a qualitative study conducted in Australia. The study used…

Teachers Need Teachers: An Induction Program for First Year Bilingual Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sosa, Alicia Salinas; Gonzales, Frank

A critical shortage of bilingual teachers exists in Texas. While the Hispanic population has grown at a 39% rate, the number of Hispanic teachers has declined. The Teachers Need Teachers program in San Antonio pairs about 75 new bilingual education teachers with experienced bilingual education teachers, who serve as mentors. Its purpose is to…

Status on Texas Secondary Science Teachers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mount, Jennifer; Fuller, Ed

2009-10-01

One of the most important challenges today facing public schools is the recruitment and retention of highly qualified science teachers. Policy makers in Texas adopted the 4x4 requirements for graduation, which will create an increase in the supply of science teachers. Dr. Fuller analyzed the topics concerning the shortage of secondary math and science teachers. Dr. Fuller's study clearly shows an acute shortage of well-qualified and adequately prepared secondary math and science teachers in Texas schools. The study also explains that schools serving large percentages of poor, minority, and/or low-achieving students have the least qualified teachers and the greatest shortages compared to other non-minority students. Recently, there has been a shift in teacher preparation programs. Most future teachers are being prepared by alternative certification programs and certification by exam. The attrition rates vary depending on teachers' route of certification. There is a shortage of math and science teachers in Texas, but is part of this shortage due to teacher migration? My research will expand on Dr. Fuller's study by looking at the attrition and migration rates on the subgroups of chemistry and physics teachers. Migration is typically overlooked in analytical studies because it does not change the overall supply of teachers. My study will investigate if science teachers are migrating to wealthier districts and/or higher achieving school. This presentation will summarize results found by Dr. Fuller's study as well as look at further research in science teacher attrition and migration rates.

Mentoring New Teachers: Promise and Problems in Times of Teacher Shortage

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martinez, Kay

2004-01-01

Currently enthusiasm for mentoring of new teachers has re-emerged among teacher employing authorities in Australia and the United States. The literature on mentoring provides strong support for the importance of mentoring in retaining good teachers and in invigorating the teaching workforce; it also abounds in practical strategies and processes…

Strategies for Estimating Teacher Supply and Demand Using Student and Teacher Data. REL 2017-197

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lindsay, Jim; Wan, Yinmei; Berg-Jacobson, Alexander; Walston, Jill; Redford, Jeremy

2016-01-01

Every year the U.S. Department of Education reports for each state in the country the grade levels, subject areas, and geographic areas that have experienced teacher shortages (U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education, 2015). A teacher shortage occurs when the number of teachers available in a specific grade, subject matter…

Conceptualizing School-Based Teacher Learning from Teachers' Points of View: Holistically Leveraging Formal, Informal, and Independent Learning Activities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Monty; Dexter, Sara

2016-01-01

Improving in-service teacher education is paramount to improving student learning outcomes, and while research in this area typically examines formal teacher learning opportunities, emerging research indicates that teachers also engage in informal and independent modes of learning. Our inquiry into how teachers learned about integrating technology…

Influencing Technology Education Teachers to Accept Teaching Positions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Steinke, Luke Joseph; Putnam, Alvin Robert

2008-01-01

Technology education is facing a significant teacher shortage. The purpose of this study was to address the technology education teacher shortage by examining the factors that influence technology education teachers to accept teaching positions. The population for the study consisted of technology education teachers and administrators. A survey…

Is Higher Education Confronting Faculty Shortages? ASHE Annual Meeting Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lozier, G. Gregory; Dooris, Michael J.

Retirement policies and possible effects on teacher shortages were examined. Information was obtained concerning: a 5-year summary of faculty retirements by age, the age distribution of each institution's full-time faculty by academic area, and changes over the past 5 years in personnel policies and procedures in response to anticipated faculty…

Selegiline shortage: Causes and costs of a generic drug shortage.

PubMed

Dorsey, E R; Thompson, J P; Dayoub, E J; George, B; Saubermann, L A; Holloway, R G

2009-07-21

In September 2007, shortages of generic selegiline occurred, forcing patients to either switch to more expensive alternatives or forego treatment. We sought to evaluate prescription trends of generic selegiline and to quantify the economic impact of any resulting drug substitution of more expensive alternatives. We analyzed proprietary data from IMS Health on monthly prescriptions in the United States for selegiline and potential substitutes from February 2002 through December 2007. Linear regression was used to predict the number of expected prescriptions after August 2007 had a shortage not occurred. The main outcome measures were the changes in prescriptions filled and the economic impact of drug substitution. Prior to the shortage, total prescriptions filled for generic selegiline decreased 42%, and supply consolidated into one company, Apotex Inc., Toronto, Canada, whose market share increased from 41% to 83%. During the first 4 months of the shortage, Apotex Inc. filled 10,500 fewer prescriptions than projected and other selegiline manufacturers filled 7,400 more than projected for a net shortage of 3,100 prescriptions. The number of branded selegiline capsules filled during this period increased by 1,800 above projections, and 1,300 prescriptions for generic selegiline were not refilled or substituted. The societal cost of substituting generic selegiline with branded capsules was $75,000 over the first 4 months of the shortage. Generic drug shortages carry economic and health implications. Given ongoing consolidation in the generics drug industry, these shortages may become more common and may require heightened regulatory scrutiny of the generic drug industry.

The Professionalization of Independence: New Tensions and Opportunities for Independent School Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Valentine, Stephen J.

2011-01-01

In this article, the author suggests that a successful independent school career, especially in an increasingly professionalized environment, follows the model of the best teachers he knew at the start of his career. They did not walk around looking for "either/or" solutions. Instead, they adopted a "both/and" stance. They taught students and…

The nursing shortage continues as faculty shortage grows.

PubMed

Allen, Linda

2008-01-01

To combat the nursing shortage, efforts to promote nursing as a career have been successful. However, academic nursing institutions are not adequately prepared for this new influx of applicants. The lack of faculty to educate the growing demand for baccalaureate-prepared RNs directly impacts the nursing shortage. The nursing shortage thus directly impacts safe patient care. The main reasons for the lack of faculty to meet the demand for more nurses include the increased age of the current faculty and the declining number of years left to teach, expected increases in faculty retirements, less compensation for academic teaching than positions in clinical areas for master's-prepared nurses, and finally, not enough master's and doctoral-prepared nurses to fill the needed nurse educator positions It is in the best interest of the nursing profession to do what it does best by incorporating the nursing process to solve the faculty shortage and secure its future in order to protect the lives of patients.

Factors Influencing the Recruitment and Retention of Special Education Teachers: An Evaluation of Teacher Retention in a Southeastern Metropolitan School District

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kagler, Fiesta T.

2011-01-01

The national shortage of certified special education teachers has reached crisis proportions. This shortage has been exacerbated by increases in special education populations and high attrition rates of special education teachers. This study examined the factors influencing the recruitment and retention of special education teachers. Several…

Teachers without Borders: Consequences of Teacher Labor Force Mobility

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bastian, Kevin C.; Henry, Gary T.

2015-01-01

Many states have responded to teacher shortages by granting certification to individuals traditionally prepared out-of-state; now, out-of-state prepared teachers comprise a sizable percentage of the teacher workforce in many states. We know little about these teachers, and therefore, in the present study, we estimate the effectiveness of…

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Independent School Teacher Development Inventory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murray, John M.

2012-01-01

In this study the author examined the psychometrics of an instrument, the Independent School Teacher Development Inventory, designed to assess the professional learning opportunities in U.S. independent schools. The inventory was sent to 3,422 independent school administrators and of these, 2,474 returned completed surveys. Exploratory factor…

The Competitive Disadvantage: Teacher Compensation in Rural America. Policy Brief.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jimerson, Lorna

Three components of the teacher shortage are the recruitment challenge, the retention problem, and the demand for teacher quality. Although the teacher shortage problem involves many factors, any solution must address salaries. Rural districts face a threefold disadvantage: teachers are not compensated as well as other rural professionals; rural…

Availability of Special Education Teachers: Trends and Tests.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Katsiyannis, Antonis; Zhang, Dalun; Conroy, Maureen A.

2003-01-01

A study examined trends in teacher availability in special education by analyzing data from annual reports to Congress from 1988-1989 to 1998- 1999. Findings indicate a nationwide shortage of teacher qualified to teach across all disabilities and a dramatic decrease in the teacher shortage rate beginning in the 1993-1994 year. (Contains…

The Association between a Community College's Teacher Education Program and the 4-Year Graduation Rates of Black and Hispanic Teacher Education Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perkins, Britine; Arvidson, Cody

2017-01-01

In response to a shortage of qualified Black and Hispanic teachers, community colleges (CC) have developed certificate programs and Associate of Arts degrees in teacher education to address shortages of minority teachers in the nation's classrooms. We examined one CC's effectiveness in transferring Black and Hispanic students to university teacher…

Tracking the Career Paths of Physics Teachers in Texas

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mount, Jennifer; Marshall, Jill; Fuller, Edward

2013-01-01

In Texas, and some other states, there is a documented shortage of physics teachers, in terms of both number and qualifications. The shortage in Texas is due as much to teachers leaving the field (attrition) as to a lack of teachers entering. There are efforts under way to prepare more and better-qualified physics teachers who will stay in the…

Teacher Preferences for Middle Grades: Insights into Attracting Teacher Candidates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Radcliffe, Rich A.; Mandeville, Thomas F.

2007-01-01

Shortages of middle-level teacher candidates may cause teacher educators to recruit candidates by focusing on what attracts and discourages candidates about teaching at the middle level. The authors used a survey approach (n = 110) to investigate why preservice middle school and high school teachers and in-service middle school teachers chose the…

Discovering Quality in Teacher Education: Perceptions Concerning What Makes an Effective Cooperating Teacher

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stewart, Josh; Lambert, Misty D.; Ulmer, Jonathan D.; Witt, Phillip A.; Carraway, Candis L.

2017-01-01

With a continuous shortage of qualified agricultural science teachers (Foster, Lawver, Smith, 2014; Kantrovich, 2010), it is imperative teacher preparation programs identify and utilize effective cooperating teachers, as well as develop training for in-service teachers that will assist in preparing more effective cooperating teachers. The purpose…

Recruiting New Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Camp, William G.; And Others

1997-01-01

This special theme issue includes: "How Can We Solve the Teacher Shortage?" (Camp); "A Student's Perspective" (Swafford); "Recruitment" (Dyer, Andreasen); "Top 10 Reasons to Become an Agriculture Teacher and FFA Advisor" (Bembardt, McMaben); "Supply and Demand of Agriculture Teachers since 1965"…

The Changing Realities of Teacher Needs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lightfoot, Alfred

1986-01-01

The teaching profession is facing a dramatic crisis as it attempts to deal with both "quantity" (teacher shortages, rising student enrollments, teacher persistence) and "quality" (teacher competence, teacher certification, teacher testing) problems. (CB)

Teacher Shortage and Attrition: Why Do They Leave?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dupriez, Vincent; Delvaux, Bernard; Lothaire, Sandrine

2016-01-01

This article examines the professional integration of beginning teachers in French-speaking Belgium and the factors predicting an exit from the profession during the first years of their careers. The analysis of four successive cohorts of new teachers indicates that exit rates are very high during the first year but show a gradual decline…

Professional Development Needs of Beginning Agricultural Education Teachers in Idaho

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Touchstone, Allison J. L.

2015-01-01

The continuing shortage of agricultural education instructors has been documented across the state and nation. Secondary instructor retention may help reduce the shortage and position changes each year. Identifying the challenges facing beginning teachers as perceived by beginning teachers, veteran teachers, and building administrators can help…

Meeting the Teacher Shortage Head On.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vollmer, Marian L.; And Others

The University of Pittsburgh has exerted concerted efforts to attract and retain liberal arts majors in teacher education, and insure high caliber graduates from its training program. One such program geared to upgrading the professional quality of its graduates is the Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) program at the University's laboratory school.…

Shortage or Surplus? A Long-Term Perspective on the Supply of Scientists and Engineers in the USA and the UK

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Emma

2017-01-01

A "crisis account" of shortages of well-qualified scientists, engineers, mathematicians and technologists has shaped education policy in the UK and the USA for decades. The apparent poor quality of school science education along with insufficient numbers of well-qualified teachers have been linked to skills shortages by government and…

Assessing the Relationship of Teacher Self-Efficacy, Job Satisfaction, and Perception of Work-Life Balance of Louisiana Agriculture Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blackburn, J. Joey; Bunchm, J. C.; Haynes, J. Chris

2017-01-01

Agricultural education has faced a national shortage of qualified teachers since 1965. Initiatives, such as NAAE's TeachAg Campaign, seek to alleviate this shortage through recruitment of new agriculture teachers. However, turnover in the teaching profession remains a problem, with attrition rates approaching 60% reported in some research studies.…

Teacher Efficacy of Alternative and Traditionally Certified Special Education Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Green, Sean Michael

2012-01-01

A teacher shortage in the area of special education has led to an increase in the number of alternatively certified special education teachers. Many alternative certification programs focus on content knowledge rather than pedagogical training, allowing many alternatively certified teachers into the classroom with little pedagogical training.…

Journey to Becoming a Thai English Teacher: New Perspective on Investigating Teacher Attrition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prabjandee, Denchai

2014-01-01

In this study, the author provides a unique perspective on teacher shortage by focusing on teacher retention, in terms of why teachers stay in the teaching profession, rather than focusing on teacher attrition, or why teachers leave the teaching profession. The change in perspective created an opportunity to study the journey of how teachers chose…

Integrated Language and Content Instruction in Qatar Independent Schools: Teachers' Perspectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ellili-Cherif, Maha

2014-01-01

The aim of this study is to explore teachers' attitudes towards the shift to English as a medium of instruction in Qatari Independent schools. It focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of this approach for teachers and students, and the challenges they face in the process of its implementation. Data for the study were collected by means of a…

Retaining Quality Teachers for Alaska.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDiarmid, G. Williamson; Larson, Eric; Hill, Alexandra

This report examines the demand for teachers, teacher turnover, and teacher education in Alaska. Surveys were conducted with school district personnel directors, directors of Alaska teacher education programs, teachers who exited Alaska schools in 2001, and rural and urban instructional aides. Alaska is facing teacher shortages, but these are…

Drug shortages: Implications for medical toxicology.

PubMed

Mazer-Amirshahi, Maryann; Hawley, Kristy L; Zocchi, Mark; Fox, Erin; Pines, Jesse M; Nelson, Lewis S

2015-07-01

Drug shortages have significantly increased over the past decade. There are limited data describing how shortages impact medical toxicology of drugs. To characterize drug shortages affecting the management of poisoned patients. Drug shortage data from January 2001 to December 2013 were obtained from the University of Utah Drug Information Service. Shortage data for agents used to treat poisonings were analyzed. Information on drug type, formulation, reason for shortage, shortage duration, marketing, and whether the drug was available from a single source was collected. The availability of a substitute therapy and whether substitutes were in shortage during the study period were also investigated. Of 1,751 shortages, 141 (8.1%) impacted drugs used to treat poisoned patients, and as of December 2013, 21 (14.9%) remained unresolved. New toxicology shortages increased steadily from the mid-2000s, reaching a high of 26 in 2011. Median shortage duration was 164 days (interquartile range: 76-434). Generic drugs were involved in 85.1% of shortages and 41.1% were single-source products. Parenteral formulations were often involved in shortages (89.4%). The most common medications in shortage were sedative/hypnotics (15.6%). An alternative agent was available for 121 (85.8%) drugs; however, 88 (72.7%) alternatives were also affected by shortages at some point during the study period. When present, the most common reasons reported were manufacturing delays (22.0%) and supply/demand issues (17.0%). Shortage reason was not reported for 48.2% of drugs. Toxicology drug shortages are becoming increasingly prevalent, which can result in both suboptimal treatment and medication errors from using less familiar alternatives. Drug shortages affected a substantial number of critical agents used in the management of poisoned patients. Shortages were often of long duration and for drugs without alternatives. Providers caring for poisoned patients should be aware of current shortages and

Modelling the Effects of Teacher Demand Factors on Teacher Understaffing in Public Secondary Schools in Kenya

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wamukuru, David Kuria

2016-01-01

The secondary school teacher labour market faces many challenges including, escalating teacher wage bill, teacher shortages that occur alongside teacher surpluses, inadequate teacher distribution and inefficient teacher utilization. There is the need therefore to understand the effects of the factors determining demand for secondary school…

The Relationship between Teacher Perceptions of Administrative Support and Teacher Retention

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peronto, Janice L.

2013-01-01

A continued loss of teachers from the already limited supply of those entering the field is likely to create a teacher shortage as student populations continue to rise. Because the supply of teachers does not meet the demand, it is necessary to consider the reasons that teachers leave the profession. The problem addressed in this research study…

Special Education Teacher Retention: An Examination of Selected Veteran Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hogan, Andrea E.

2012-01-01

Special Education Teacher Retention: An Examination of Selected Veteran Teachers is a qualitative study that examined what prompted veteran special education teachers to continue in the critical shortage fields even though they contend with challenging situations that have been a deterrent for others to remain in the classroom (e.g. Nelson, 2001).…

Association between shortage of energy supply and nuclear gene mutations leading to carcinomatous transformation.

PubMed

DU, Jianping

2016-01-01

Anaerobic bacteria use glycolysis, an oxygen-independent metabolic pathway, whereas energy metabolism in the evolved eukaryotic cell is performed via oxidative phosphorylation, with all eukaryotic cell activities depending upon high energy consumption. However, in cancer cells evolving from eukaryotic cells, the energy metabolism switches from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. The shortage of energy supply induces cancer cells to acquire specific characteristics. Base pair renewal is the most energy-consuming process in the cell, and shortage of energy supply may lead to errors in this process; the more prominent the shortage in energy supply, the more errors are likely to occur in base pair renewal, resulting in gene mutations and expression of cancer cell characteristics. Thus, shortage of energy supply is associated with carcinomatous transformation.

Current Vaccine Shortages and Delays

MedlinePlus

... value="Submit" /> Related Links Vaccines & Immunizations Current Vaccine Shortages & Delays Recommend on Facebook Tweet Share Compartir ... vaccination are included in this update. Chart of Vaccines* in Delay or Shortage National Vaccine Supply Shortages ...

Pre-service Science Teacher Education in Africa: Prospects and Challenges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ogunniyi, M. B.; Rollnick, Marissa

2015-02-01

Since the independence era in the 1950s and 1960s, many African countries have recognised the important role that science plays in the socio-economic development of any country. As a result, various African governments have enacted policies and allocated a large proportion of their gross national product to the science and science education sector of the economy. For instance, many African countries introduced universal primary education and to cater for the bulging student population increased the number of their secondary schools considerably. However, the rapid expansion of educational facilities has to some degree compromised the quality of the science teaching in many African schools. Among the various problems facing science education in Africa since the independence era, however, the most frequently mentioned has been the shortage of qualified science teachers. Science teachers play a critical role in laying the foundation of scientific literacy of a country. Indeed, no education system can outperform the quality of its teachers.

"I Just Want to Teach": Queensland Independent School Teachers and Their Workload

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Timms, Carolyn; Graham, Deborah; Cottrell, David

2007-01-01

Purpose: The present study seeks to elucidate observed mismatches with workload in teacher respondents to a survey exploring aspects of the work environment. Design/methodology/approach: This phase of the study constituted a pen and paper survey of 298 currently serving teachers in independent schools in Queensland, Australia. Measures used in the…

A Study of Variables That Influence Teacher Turnover in the Little Municipal School District

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stokes, Paula Hollingsworth

2013-01-01

A teacher shortage is a recognized problem in research on public schools. Schools across the United States must hire and retain highly qualified teachers, but the literature indicates teachers with fewer than 3 years of experience are often leaving teaching, creating a possible teacher shortage of 4.2 million teachers by the year of 2016.…

The nursing shortage: dynamics and solutions. Reflections on a recurring theme.

PubMed

Abdellah, F G

1990-09-01

The passage of individual state nurse practice acts in the 1900s sharpened and focused attention on the practice and function of professional nurses. However, this had little effect on increasing the demand for nurses. In the 1930s student nurses were in ample supply. They staffed units in hospitals, and seniors served as charge or head nurses. It was World War II when one finally began to see the theme of nursing shortage emerge with a vengeance. The demand far exceeded the supply, creating a severe imbalance. The intervening next 4 decades brought forth many excellent models to minimize the shortage. Even the federal government contributed to the nursing shortage by offering opportunities for better-educated practitioners, teachers, and supervisors. Thus, as the nurse became better prepared, the demand for services increased. Several milestone studies are referenced during the 1970s and 1980s that attempted to balance the nursing shortage equation. The US objectives for the year 2000 provide specific guidelines as to what demands will be placed upon the nurse practitioner and educator. Can we meet those demands? Yes--with the full utilization of information technology to prepare the student and nurse practitioner to take advantage of this enormous information explosion. Will the nursing shortage continue to be a recurring theme? Yes! As nurses become better educated and ready for practice and patient-client problem solving, and as they provide strong voices in health policy formulation, the demands for their services will continue to far exceed the supply.

Tracking the Career Paths of Physics Teachers in Texas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mount, Jennifer; Marshall, Jill; Fuller, Edward

2013-10-01

In Texas, and some other states, there is a documented shortage of physics teachers, in terms of both number and qualifications. The shortage in Texas is due as much to teachers leaving the field (attrition) as to a lack of teachers entering. There are efforts under way to prepare more and better-qualified physics teachers who will stay in the field longer,2 but increasing the overall supply and retention will not necessarily address localized teacher shortages. To investigate this issue, we obtained a database cataloging every teacher who taught science in Texas public schools from 2003 to 2008, indicating the school where they taught during each of those years, the subjects they taught, and their route to certification. This allowed us to track not only teachers entering and leaving the public school system, but also migration between schools within the system. We found that migration poses a much bigger problem than attrition for some schools. We also found patterns in the movement of physics teachers in Texas that we would not necessarily have predicted and that varied substantially depending on certification.

Special Education Teacher Perception of Administrative Supports That Encourage, Decrease Burnout, and Reduce Attrition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beebe, Jay

2017-01-01

The field of special education is facing a shortage of teachers. A shortage of special education teachers is an example of a pressing issue within education. The problem is that teacher attrition rates are among the highest within special education. Many special education teachers are leaving the profession after a few years of teaching for varied…

The STEM shortage paradox

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harris, Margaret

2014-10-01

The UK is believed to suffer from a shortage of scientists and engineers, yet unemployment rates for new graduates in these fields are high. Does that mean the skills shortage doesn't exist, asks Margaret Harris.

New Structures and Approaches for Teacher Preparation: Do They Make a Difference in Teacher Retention?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harris, Steven A.; Camp, William E.; Adkison, Judith

Low initial employment rates and high attrition among teachers are factors recognized as major contributors to the national teacher shortage. This research compared the effectiveness of three teacher preparation methods used in Texas: alternative certification programs (ACPs), Centers for Professional Development and Technology (CPDTs), and…

Maximizing Uncertified Teachers' Potential

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sterling, Donna R.; Frazier, Wendy M.

2010-01-01

New teachers, especially those who are not certified in education, need support to succeed at teaching and remain in the profession. Because there is a growing national shortage of science teachers, many school districts are forced to hire teachers who have science degrees but little training in education or experience teaching. Research shows…

Prescription Drug Shortages: Implications for Ambulatory Pediatrics.

PubMed

Donnelly, Katie A; Zocchi, Mark S; Katy, Tamara A; Fox, Erin R; van den Anker, John N; Mazer-Amirshahi, Maryann E

2018-05-08

To describe contemporary drug shortages affecting general ambulatory pediatrics. Data from January 2001 to December 2015 were obtained from the University of Utah Drug Information Service. Two pediatricians reviewed drug shortages and identified agents used in ambulatory pediatrics. Shortage data were analyzed by the type of drug, formulation, reason for shortage, duration, marketing status, if a pediatric friendly-formulation was available, or if it was a single-source product. The availability of an alternative, and whether that alternative was affected by a shortage, also was noted. Of 1883 products in shortage during the study period, 314 were determined to be used in ambulatory pediatrics. The annual number of new pediatric shortages decreased initially but then increased to a high of 38 in 2011. Of the 314 pediatric shortages, 3.8% were unresolved at the end of the study. The median duration of resolved shortages was 7.6 months. The longest shortage was for ciprofloxacin 500-mg tablets. The most common class involved was infectious disease drugs. Pediatric-friendly dosage forms were affected in 19.1% of shortages. An alternative agent was available for 86% drugs; however, 29% of these also were affected. The most common reason for shortage was manufacturing problems. Drug shortages affected a substantial number of agents used in general ambulatory pediatrics. Shortages for single-source products are a concern if a suitable alternative is unavailable. Providers working in the ambulatory setting must be aware of current shortages and implement mitigation strategies to optimize patient care. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Motivating Factors Influencing Paraprofessionals to Become Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bennett, Shelia Lorraine

2016-01-01

Critical predictions of future teacher shortages across the nation prompt school districts and teacher preparation programs to produce avenues, to identify recruitment plans, and to implement creative opportunities to address the teacher supply and demand. High teacher attrition rates from teachers leaving the profession, early retirements of…

Retaining Black Teachers: An Examination of Black Female Teachers' Intentions to Remain in K-12 Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farinde, Abiola A.; Allen, Ayana; Lewis, Chance W.

2016-01-01

Sixty years after "Brown v. Board of Education," retention trends indicate that there is a Black teacher shortage. Research shows that Black teachers' retention rates are often lower than the retention rates of White teachers. Black teachers report low salaries, lack of administrative support, and other school variables as reasons for…

Teacher Education Graduates' Choice (Not) to Enter the Teaching Profession: Does Teacher Education Matter?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rots, Isabel; Aelterman, Antonia; Devos, Geert

2014-01-01

In an era of recurring teacher shortages, Flanders struggles with a considerable proportion of teacher education graduates who do not enter the teaching profession. This study identifies the predictors of teacher education graduates' choice on job entry (teaching profession or not). A prospective research design with two data collection phases is…

Teacher Pension Incentives and Labor Market Behavior: Evidence from Missouri Administrative Teacher Data. Conference Paper 2009-11

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ni, Shawn; Podgursky, Michael; Ehlert, Mark

2009-01-01

Policy discussions about teacher quality and teacher "shortages" often focus on recruitment and retention of young teachers. However, attention has begun to focus on the incentive effects of teacher retirement benefit systems, particularly given their rising costs and the large unfunded liabilities. In this paper we analyze accrual of…

Study Shows Administrative Shortage.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sullivan, John R., Jr.

1989-01-01

Summarizes "Administrative Shortage in New England: The Evidence, the Causes, the Recommendations." High pressure, long hours, low salaries, and high housing costs are among the reasons cited for the shortage. Recommendations are centered on role identity, staff support, training, and recruitment. (SI)

Urban Mathematics Teacher Retention

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hamdan, Kamal

2010-01-01

Mathematics teachers are both more difficult to attract and more difficult to retain than social sciences teachers. This fact is not unique to the United States; it is reported as being a problem in Europe as well (Howson, 2002). In the United States, however, the problem is particularly preoccupying. Because of the chronic teacher shortages and…

The Impact of Teacher Preparation on Student Achievement in Algebra in a "Hard-to-Staff" Urban PreK-12-University Partnership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gimbert, Belinda G.; Cristol, Dean; Sene, Abdou Marty

2007-01-01

Debate about teacher supply, demand, retention, and attrition has been renewed in recent years by an increased concern about the reduced numbers of prospective teachers entering teacher education programs, the high attrition rate of beginning teachers, and the resulting teacher shortages. U.S. schools are experiencing teacher shortages, especially…

Development of Independence among Future Primary School Teachers by Applying Interactive Learning Methods

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rotova, Natalia Alexandrovna

2018-01-01

The necessity to develop independence among future primary school teachers during the process of studying in higher education institutions is substantiated. The essentials of independence notion are disclosed as efforts of students aimed at reaching the goals single-handedly. The results of the ascertaining experiment on defining the level of…

Preparing High School Physics Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Green, Ben A., Jr.; And Others

Reported are (1) the status of preparation of physics teachers, and (2) recommendations for improving programs preparing physics teachers. The seriously declining high school physics enrollments are attributed, in part, to the shortage, or absence, of competent teachers. The effect this might have on the future supply of physicists is a major…

The Colors of Excellence: Hiring and Keeping Teachers of Color in Independent Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kane, Pearl Rock, Ed.; Orsini, Alfonso J., Ed.

Featuring the findings of a 5-year study on independent schools as well as stories by teachers and students of color, this book offers testimony by independent school faculty of color, including the individual stories of African American, Chinese American, Native American, Cuban American, and Hispanic American educators. It discusses how important…

Superintendents' Perceptions of the Principal Shortage

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pijanowski, John C.; Hewitt, Paul M.; Brady, Kevin P.

2009-01-01

The research literature on the principal shortage is inconsistent regarding the actual scope of the shortage and a clear articulation of factors contributing to the successful recruitment and retention of today's school leaders. Often, critical data related to the principal shortage are ignored, including the number of younger principals…

Teacher labor markets in developed countries.

PubMed

Ladd, Helen F

2007-01-01

Helen Ladd takes a comparative look at policies that the world's industrialized countries are using to assure a supply of high-quality teachers. Her survey puts U.S. educational policies and practices into international perspective. Ladd begins by examining teacher salaries-an obvious, but costly, policy tool. She finds, perhaps surprisingly, that students in countries with high teacher salaries do not in general perform better on international tests than those in countries with lower salaries. Ladd does find, however, that the share of underqualified teachers in a country is closely related to salary. In high-salary countries like Germany, Japan, and Korea, for example, only 4 percent of teachers are underqualified, as against more than 10 percent in the United States, where teacher salaries, Ladd notes, are low relative to those in other industrialized countries. Teacher shortages also appear to stem from policies that make salaries uniform across academic subject areas and across geographic regions. Shortages are especially common in math and science, in large cities, and in rural areas. Among the policy strategies proposed to deal with such shortages is to pay teachers different salaries according to their subject area. Many countries are also experimenting with financial incentive packages, including bonuses and loans, for teachers in specific subjects or geographic areas. Ladd notes that many developed countries are trying to attract teachers by providing alternative routes into teaching, often through special programs in traditional teacher training institutions and through adult education or distance learning programs. To reduce attrition among new teachers, many developed countries have also been using formal induction or mentoring programs as a way to improve new teachers' chances of success. Ladd highlights the need to look beyond a single policy, such as higher salaries, in favor of broad packages that address teacher preparation and certification

The financial impacts of the nursing shortage.

PubMed

Rivers, Patrick A; Tsai, Kai-Li; Munchus, George

2005-01-01

This article examines the multiple factors leading to the nursing shortage and the financial impact of the nursing shortage on hospitals and health care providers, the government, society and educational institutions. Nursing shortages have occurred in this country throughout history, however, the current shortage is especially grappling due to the financial condition of the health care system, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, the Balanced Budget Act, the compounding conditions that have led up to the shortage and the forecasted health care needs. Many solutions have been proposed to improve the nursing shortage. This article provides recommendations to problem solving methods and discusses some current policy alternatives, including recently enacted "nurse-patient ratio" regulation, demonstrated by California state policy and the "Magnet Certification" program developed by American Nursing Credential Center (ANCC). This article further examines the financial impacts on nursing shortage problem.

Heading Off a Ph.D. Shortage.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vaughn, John C.; Rosenzweig, Robert M.

1991-01-01

Discussed is the projected shortage of Ph.D.s in the natural sciences and engineering by the turn of the century. Included are reasons for the shortage and three ways to reduce the projected shortages. Topics discussed include a complete federal strategy, attracting more minorities and women, and institutional reform. (KR)

Competition for Private and State School Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Green, Francis; Machin, Stephen; Murphy, Richard; Zhu, Yu

2008-01-01

We analyse the role of private schools in the teachers' labour market. Private schools employ an increasingly-disproportionate share of teachers in Britain, relative to the number of their pupils. Their teachers are more likely than state school teachers to possess post-graduate qualifications, and to be specialists in shortage subjects.…

Evaluating Teacher-Leaders for Careers as Administrators: Effects of Job Attributes, Teacher Leader Role, and Teaching Assignment Area

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shumate, Brian T.; Munoz, Marco A.; Winter, Paul A.

2005-01-01

Recruitment of public school administrators is an important issue due to the shortage of qualified job applicants nationwide. The shortage of applicants requires school districts to evaluate their internal pools of potential applicants for administrative vacancies. This evaluation research addressed the recruitment of teacher-leaders to serve as…

Vocational Teacher Professional Development. Practice Application Brief No. 11.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Bettina Lankard

Teacher shortages, new technologies, and vocational certification demands are directing attention to the need for professional development of vocational education (VE) teachers. VE teachers can use various strategies to enhance their performance and effectiveness through professional development. Worksite experiences give VE teachers opportunities…

Why Do Teachers Leave? CenterView

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Center for the Future of Teaching and Learning, 2007

2007-01-01

While California has made substantial progress in easing its teacher shortage and reducing the concentration of the least prepared teachers in the lowest achieving schools, the effort to strengthen schools for all students is hampered by the large number of teachers who leave the profession prematurely. Policymakers at the state and local levels…

Why Public Schools Lose Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hanushek, Eric A.; Kain, John F.; Rivkin, Steven G.

2004-01-01

Many school districts experience difficulties attracting and retaining teachers, and the impending retirement of a substantial fraction of public school teachers raises the specter of sever shortages in some public schools. Schools in urban areas serving economically disadvantaged and minority students appear particularly vulnerable. This paper…

Agriculture Teachers: An Endangered Species?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hemp, Paul E.

1979-01-01

Discusses a 1978 survey highlighting some of the factors which may be related to the critical shortage of agriculture teachers in Illinois and the high rate of turnover among these teachers. These factors include the time required on the job, inadequate salaries, and large classes. (JOW)

Targeted Teacher Recruitment: What Is the Issue and Why Does It Matter? Policy Snapshot

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aragon, Stephanie

2018-01-01

Districts across the country are facing severe shortages of teachers--especially in certain subjects (math, science, special education, career and technical education, and bilingual education) and in specific schools (urban, rural, high-poverty, high-minority, and low-achieving). The severity of the teacher shortage problem varies significantly by…

What Are the Problems with Teacher Supply?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, Patrick; Gorard, Stephen; See, Beng Huat

2006-01-01

This paper is based on our studies of teacher recruitment and retention. Using official statistics from a variety of secondary sources, it builds on our previous work on the changing demand for teachers by exploring issues of teacher supply in the UK. Our findings suggest there is no overall shortage of applicants to initial teacher education and…

Growing a New Generation of Music Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burrack, Frederick

2009-01-01

In many parts of the United States, there is a growing shortage of music teachers to take the place of the retiring teachers. This is most evident in rural areas. If music teachers are not available to fill openings, music positions are sometimes combined, spreading music teachers too thin and requiring them to possess multiple music…

Zimbabwean Teachers in South Africa: A Transient Greener Pasture

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de Villiers, Rian; Weda, Zenzele

2017-01-01

Zimbabwean teachers constitute the largest group of migrant teachers in South Africa (Department of Higher Education & Training (DHET), 2013). The main reason South Africa welcomes migrant teachers is to ease the country's own teacher shortage. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore Zimbabwean teachers' motives for migration to…

Teacher Labor Market Conditions in Canada: Balancing Demand and Supply.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Press, Harold; Galway, Gerald; Barnes, Eldred

2002-01-01

Discusses teacher supply-and-demand issues in Canada. Includes a review of current research, the consequences of a teacher surplus, and efforts to address teacher shortages in Newfoundland and Labrador. Suggests teacher labor-market policy implications involving school districts, provisional governments, and teacher-training institutions. (PKP)

Meeting the Need for Special Education Teachers for Culturally Linguistically Diverse Students with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peterson, Patricia; Showalter, Stephen

2010-01-01

Significant personnel shortages in special education have been noted in the 23rd Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of IDEA Act (USDE, 2002). With predictions of even more serious teacher shortages, there is an especially critical need for additional special education teachers for students with disabilities from culturally and…

Nurse Shortage: Fact or Fiction?

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-04-23

nursing fuctions , the perceived nursing shortage can be overcome. Whethec there really is a shortage of registered nurses or merely an insufficient...probably will remain primarily a female profession. Salary is, without question, one of the primary factors that many feel influence the entry-exit rate of

Embracing Teachers as a Vital Literacy Resource

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conley, Mark W.

2018-01-01

The policy reforms over the past 15 years have placed all the responsibility for reading achievement on teachers, with little, if any, support. What many have achieved is declining achievement in comparison with other countries. Moreover, there are increasing teacher shortages, as promising individuals choose other careers and teachers leave the…

The challenges of staffing urban schools with effective teachers.

PubMed

Jacob, Brian A

2007-01-01

Brian Jacob examines challenges faced by urban districts in staffing their schools with effective teachers. He emphasizes that the problem is far from uniform. Teacher shortages are more severe in certain subjects and grades than others, and differ dramatically from one school to another. The Chicago public schools, for example, regularly receive roughly ten applicants for each teaching position. But many applicants are interested in specific schools, and district officials struggle to find candidates for highly impoverished schools. Urban districts' difficulty in attracting and hiring teachers, says Jacob, means that urban teachers are less highly qualified than their suburban counterparts with respect to characteristics such as experience, educational background, and teaching certification. But they may not thus be less effective teachers. Jacob cites recent studies that have found that many teacher characteristics bear surprisingly little relationship to student outcomes. Policies to enhance teacher quality must thus be evaluated in terms of their effect on student achievement, not in terms of conventional teacher characteristics. Jacob then discusses how supply and demand contribute to urban teacher shortages. Supply factors involve wages, working conditions, and geographic proximity between teacher candidates and schools. Urban districts have tried various strategies to increase the supply of teacher candidates (including salary increases and targeted bonuses) and to improve retention rates (including mentoring programs). But there is little rigorous research evidence on the effectiveness of these strategies. Demand also has a role in urban teacher shortages. Administrators in urban schools may not recognize or value high-quality teachers. Human resource departments restrict district officials from making job offers until late in the hiring season, after many candidates have accepted positions elsewhere. Jacob argues that urban districts must improve hiring

Science Teacher Retention: Mentoring and Renewal. Issues in Science Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rhoton, Jack, Ed.; Bowers, Patricia, Ed.

This book discusses science teacher retention and renewal, what kinds of problems beginner teachers face, mentoring programs, and intervention programs that support beginner teachers. Chapters include: (1) "Turnover and Shortages among Science and Mathematics Teachers in the United States" (Richard M. Ingersoll); (2) "Comprehensive Teacher…

The Black Teacher Shortage: A Literature Review of Historical and Contemporary Trends

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Madkins, Tia C.

2011-01-01

Desegregation marked the beginning of a long period of loss of Black teachers within the profession. First, Black teachers were not hired in desegregated schools, and then as other professional opportunities opened up in society, fewer Blacks entered the teacher pipeline. The purpose of this literature review is to synthesize research relevant to…

Attracting and Retaining Teachers in Rural Areas. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Collins, Timothy

This digest examines the rural teacher shortage from a policy perspective and suggests strategies to address the problem. The rural teacher recruitment and retention problem varies across states. An adequate number of teachers are trained each year nationwide, but the problem is with distribution. Recent research on rural teacher recruitment and…

The nursing shortage revisioning the future.

PubMed

Purnell, M J; Horner, D; Gonzalez, J; Westman, N

2001-04-01

A severe shortage of nurses is being experienced nationally and globally. In South Florida, one of the most severely impacted regions in the world, a group of healthcare organizations, educational institutions, and nursing organizations formed the Nursing Shortage Consortium to combat the nursing shortage. Strategic efforts to recruit and retain nurses are underway, with a focus on nurturing interest among young people and increasing opportunities to stimulate their interest, to increase the supply of appropriately prepared professional nurses.

The Role of Principals in Reducing Teacher Turnover and the Shortage of Teachers. Policy Brief 2018-2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fuller, Edward J.; Pendola, Andrew; Young, Michelle D.

2018-01-01

New research has identified teacher working conditions as having a greater effect on teacher turnover than most other factors, including student achievement and student characteristics. Importantly, research has debunked the conventional wisdom that teachers often leave schools because of student characteristics. This brief discusses how teacher…

Drug shortages: the cycle of quantity and quality.

PubMed

Kweder, S L; Dill, S

2013-03-01

Shortages of pharmaceutical drugs pose a serious and growing threat to public health. Although the number of drugs in shortage in the United States in any given year is very small, the number of prescription drug shortages in the country nearly tripled between 2005 and 2010. Drug shortages are becoming more severe as well as more frequent. The affected medicines include cancer treatments, anesthesia drugs, and other drugs that are critical to the treatment and prevention of serious diseases and life-threatening conditions. (The White House, Office of the Press Secretary, Executive Order 13588-Reducing Prescription Drug Shortages (http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/10/31/executive-order-reducing-prescription-drug-shortages)).

The Mathematics Teacher Development with Peer Tutoring Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duffie, William B.; Guida, Frank V.

This project addresses the problem of inadequate mathematics high school teacher staffing and the shortage of mathematics specialists in the elementary school. Regular elementary school teachers interested in becoming certified as high school mathematics teachers, and who had taken at least three college-level mathematics courses, were invited to…

Practices implemented by a Texas charter school system to overcome science teacher shortage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yasar, Bilgehan M.

The purpose of this study was to examine practices used by a charter school system to hire and retain science teachers. The research design for this study was a qualitative case study. This single instrumental case study explored the issue within a bounded system. Purposeful sampling strategy was used to identify the participants who were interviewed individually. Findings of the case study supported that using online resources, advertising in the newspaper, attending job fairs, using alternative certification programs, attracting alumni, contacting the college of educations and hiring internationally helped the charter school system with hiring science teachers. Improving teacher salary scale, implementing teacher mentorship programs, reimbursing teachers for certification and master's programs, providing professional development and supporting teachers helped to retain science teachers. Therefore, this study contributes to determining strategies and techniques, selecting methods and programs, training administrators, and monitoring for successful hiring and retaining science teacher implementation.

Impact of drug shortages on U.S. health systems.

PubMed

Kaakeh, Rola; Sweet, Burgunda V; Reilly, Cynthia; Bush, Colleen; DeLoach, Sherry; Higgins, Barb; Clark, Angela M; Stevenson, James

2011-10-01

A study was performed to quantify the personnel resources required to manage drug shortages, define the impact of drug shortages on health systems nationwide, and assess the adequacy of information resources available to manage drug shortages. An online survey was sent to the 1322 members of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists who were identified as directors of pharmacy. Survey recipients were asked to identify which of the 30 most recent drug shortages listed affected their health system, to identify actions taken to manage the shortage, and to rate the impact of each shortage. Employees responsible for completing predefined tasks were identified, and the average time spent by each type of employee completing these tasks was estimated. Labor costs associated with managing shortages were calculated. A total of 353 respondents completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 27%. Pharmacists and pharmacy technicians spent more time managing drug shortages than did physicians and nurses. There was a significant association between the time spent managing shortages and the size of the institution, the number of shortages managed, and the institution's level of automation. Overall, 70% of the respondents felt that the information resources available to manage drug shortages were not good. The labor costs associated with managing shortages in the United States is an estimated $216 million annually. A survey of directors of pharmacy revealed that labor costs and the time required to manage drug shortages are significant and that current information available to manage drug shortages is considered suboptimal.

76 FR 68295 - Reducing Prescription Drug Shortages

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-03

... Reducing Prescription Drug Shortages By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the... pharmaceutical drugs pose a serious and growing threat to public health. While a very small number of drugs in the United States experience a shortage in any given year, the number of prescription drug shortages...

Math and Science Scholars (MASS) Program: A Model Program for the Recruitment and Retention of Preservice Mathematics and Science Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scott, Timothy P.; Milam, Jennifer L.; Stuessy, Carol L.; Blount, Kit Price; Bentz, Adrienne

2006-01-01

The shortage of certified teachers in mathematics and science in Texas classrooms is a major concern and mirrors national tends. Dramatic increases in shortages of teachers have stimulated the design of new certification programs that recruit and place teachers in classrooms as quickly as possible (Texas Center for Educational Research, 1999).…

U.S. vaccine and immune globulin product shortages, 2001-15.

PubMed

Ziesenitz, Victoria C; Mazer-Amirshahi, Maryann; Zocchi, Mark S; Fox, Erin R; May, Larissa S

2017-11-15

Trends in shortages of vaccines and immune globulin products from 2001 through 2015 in the United States are described. Drug shortage data from January 2001 through December 2015 were obtained from the University of Utah Drug Information Service. Shortage data for vaccines and immune globulins were analyzed, focusing on the type of product, reason for shortage, shortage duration, shortages requiring vaccine deferral, and whether the drug was a single-source product. Inclusion of the product into the pediatric vaccination schedule was also noted. Of the 2,080 reported drug shortages, 59 (2.8%) were for vaccines and immune globulin products. Of those, 2 shortages (3%) remained active at the end of the study period. The median shortage duration was 16.8 months. The most common products on shortage were viral vaccines (58%), especially hepatitis A, hepatitis B, rabies, and varicella vaccines (4 shortages each). A vaccine deferral was required for 21 shortages (36%), and single-source products were on shortage 30 times (51%). The most common reason for shortage was manufacturing problems (51%), followed by supply-and-demand issues (7%). Thirty shortages (51%) were for products on the pediatric schedule, with a median duration of 21.7 months. Drug shortages of vaccines and immune globulin products accounted for only 2.8% of reported drug shortages within a 15-year period, but about half of these shortages involved products on the pediatric vaccination schedule, which may have significant public health implications. Copyright © 2017 by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. All rights reserved.

Solving nursing shortages: a common priority

PubMed Central

Buchan, James; Aiken, Linda

2009-01-01

Aims and objectives This paper provides a context for this special edition. It highlights the scale of the challenge of nursing shortages, but also makes the point that there is a policy agenda that provides workable solutions. Results An overview of nurse:population ratios in different countries and regions of the world, highlighting considerable variations, with Africa and South East Asia having the lowest average ratios. The paper argues that the ‘shortage’ of nurses is not necessarily a shortage of individuals with nursing qualifications, it is a shortage of nurses willing to work in the present conditions. The causes of shortages are multi-faceted, and there is no single global measure of their extent and nature, there is growing evidence of the impact of relatively low staffing levels on health care delivery and outcomes. The main causes of nursing shortages are highlighted: inadequate workforce planning and allocation mechanisms, resource constrained undersupply of new staff, poor recruitment, retention and ‘return’ policies, and ineffective use of available nursing resources through inappropriate skill mix and utilisation, poor incentive structures and inadequate career support. Conclusions What now faces policy makers in Japan, Europe and other developed countries is a policy agenda with a core of common themes. First, themes related to addressing supply side issues: getting, keeping and keeping in touch with relatively scarce nurses. Second, themes related to dealing with demand side challenges. The paper concludes that the main challenge for policy makers is to develop a co-ordinated package of policies that provide a long term and sustainable solution. Relevance to clinical practice This paper highlights the impact that nursing shortages has on clinical practice and in health service delivery. It outlines scope for addressing shortage problems and therefore for providing a more positive staffing environment in which clinical practice can be

What's different about this nursing shortage?

PubMed

Mee, Cheryl L; Robinson, Eileen

2003-01-01

Driven by unprecedented social and demographic changes, this nursing shortage won't be easily fixed by solutions that worked in the past. Here's what makes this shortage unique- and how you can influence the change shaping your profession.

Policy Concerns Relating to Teacher Recruitment and Deployment in Malawi. Education Sector Planning Policy Discussion Papers. Teacher Education Policy Position Papers. Paper # 1

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sedere, Upali M.

2005-01-01

This paper outlines the issues relating to teacher education and teacher supply in Malawi. Malawi has a severe shortage of teachers. Over the years, particularly since EFA the student numbers has gone up yet the teacher supply has not followed the increased student numbers. This paper outlines the broader picture as a basis for further…

Teachers Should Be Concerned, Chosen and Cared For.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDonald, Mary C.

2001-01-01

Describes the strategies employed by the Diocese of Memphis, Tennessee, to alleviate its teacher shortage, including: (1) starting a teacher Recruitment and Retention Leadership Team; and (2) creating a Web site, radio spots, display booths at job fairs, and a teacher recruitment video that was sent to religious communities. States that, for the…

Technology Teacher Education: Alternative Pathways Established in Response to Issues of Supply and Demand in NSW

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cornius-Randall, Rachael

2004-01-01

Teacher shortages have encouraged initiatives to tailor training programs to meet the demand in both past, current and future contexts. Such programs have been streamlined to ensure a rapid response to shortages, in addition to also drawing participants from non-traditional groups as a source of potential educators. Within teacher education,…

Medicine shortages--a study of community pharmacies in Finland.

PubMed

Heiskanen, K; Ahonen, R; Karttunen, P; Kanerva, R; Timonen, J

2015-02-01

To explore the frequency, the reasons behind, and the consequences of medicine shortages in Finnish community pharmacies. During the 27-day study period in the autumn of 2013, randomly selected pharmacies reported on medicines that were in short supply from orders made to wholesalers. Altogether 129 (66%, n=195) pharmacies participated in the study, and the study material consisted of 3311 report forms. Of the study pharmacies, 79.8% had medicine shortages daily or almost daily. Medicines in short supply were most commonly medicines that affect the nervous system (30.8%) and the cardiovascular system (17.5%). The reason behind the shortage was reported to the pharmacies in 11.2% of the shortage cases. The medicine shortages caused problems for the pharmacies in 33.0% of the cases. In most cases (67.0%) the medicine shortages did not cause problems for the pharmacies, usually because a substitutable product was available (48.5%). Medicine shortages are common in Finnish community pharmacies. Medicines in short supply were commonly used medicines. The reason behind the shortage was rarely told to the pharmacies. Medicine shortages caused problems for the pharmacies in one-third of all the shortage cases. These shortages may be significant for the customers or the pharmacies, as they cause customer dissatisfaction and increase the workload of the pharmacy staff. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 3431.5 - Solicitation of veterinarian shortage situations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Solicitation of veterinarian shortage situations... Shortage Situations § 3431.5 Solicitation of veterinarian shortage situations. (a) General. The Secretary will follow the procedures described in this part to solicit veterinarian shortage situations as the...

7 CFR 3431.5 - Solicitation of veterinarian shortage situations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Solicitation of veterinarian shortage situations... Shortage Situations § 3431.5 Solicitation of veterinarian shortage situations. (a) General. The Secretary will follow the procedures described in this part to solicit veterinarian shortage situations as the...

7 CFR 3431.5 - Solicitation of veterinarian shortage situations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Solicitation of veterinarian shortage situations... Shortage Situations § 3431.5 Solicitation of veterinarian shortage situations. (a) General. The Secretary will follow the procedures described in this part to solicit veterinarian shortage situations as the...

Still so Few Male Teachers: Now What?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Shaun Patrick

2010-01-01

A shortage of male teachers at all levels of public education is not a new phenomenon. Gender disparities in teaching have been around for more than a century in the United States. While roughly 39 percent of all elementary and secondary public school teachers were men as early as 1869, only 29 percent of teachers were men by the turn of the…

Mission and Professionalism: What Teachers Can Do.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ause, John

1985-01-01

The growing teacher shortage and increasing bureaucratization of schools make it imperative that new means be developed to make teaching more attractive as a profession. Teacher organizations, professional newsletters, informal discussion groups, networking, ad hoc pressure groups, and alternative schools might provide some route to reform. (KH)

Teacher Professional Development outside the Lecture Room: Voices of Professionally Unqualified Practicing Teachers in Rural Zimbabwe Secondary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mukeredzi, Tabitha Grace

2016-01-01

Attempts to address global pressure to achieve Education for All have been hampered by two fundamental challenges in developing countries, namely an acute shortage of teachers and large rural populations in these countries. In addition, qualified, competent teachers shun working in rural settings. While recruitment of professionally unqualified…

Teaching the Teachers: Peer Observations in Elementary Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schenk, Matthew D.

2016-01-01

The United States is facing an unprecedented teacher shortage. With many studies estimating that 17-33% of teachers leave the profession within their first five years of starting a career, something needs to change to keep new teachers in the classroom. This study evaluates the effectiveness of peer observation as a learning tool to supplement the…

Teacher Supply and Demand in Maryland 1987-1990.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maryland State Board for Higher Education, Annapolis.

This report presents an overview of teacher supply and demand in the state of Maryland. Section I provides a description of the national debate about teacher shortages and raises the question of where imbalances in the supply and demand for teachers exist and how they may be rectified. In section II, the general purposes of the study are presented…

Understanding Beginning Teacher Induction: A Contextualized Examination of Best Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kearney, Sean

2014-01-01

The problems that teachers face early in their careers are a major factor in growing rates of attrition among neophyte teachers. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, high rates of attrition, coupled with and aging teacher population in many countries in the developed world, may cause a teacher shortage crisis in…

Why Do Long-Serving Teachers Stay in the Teaching Profession? Analysing the Motivations of Teachers with 10 or More Years' Experience in England

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chiong, Charleen; Menzies, Loic; Parameshwaran, Meenakshi

2017-01-01

This paper examines the reasons why long-serving teachers remain in the teaching profession. Interest in teacher retention has grown in recent years, both in the UK and internationally, due to concerns over teacher shortage. However, most research on retention has focused on why teachers leave; this paper aims to fill the gap in our understanding…

Medicine shortages: a commentary on causes and mitigation strategies.

PubMed

Iyengar, Swathi; Hedman, Lisa; Forte, Gilles; Hill, Suzanne

2016-09-29

Shortages of medicines and vaccines have been reported in countries of all income levels in recent years. Shortages can result from one or multiple causes, including shortages of raw materials, manufacturing capacity problems, industry consolidation, marketing practices, and procurement and supply chain management. Existing approaches to mitigate shortages include advance notice systems managed through medicine regulatory authorities, special programmes that track medicines, and interventions to improve efficiency of the medicine supply chain. Redistribution of supplies at the national level can mitigate some shortages in the short term. International redistribution and exceptional regulatory approvals may be used in limited circumstances, with the understanding that such approaches are complex and may introduce cost and quality risks. If it is necessary to prioritise patients to receive a medicine that is in shortage, evidence-based practice should be used to ensure optimal allocation. Important steps in reducing medicine shortages and their impact include identifying medicines that are most at risk, developing reporting systems to share information on current and emerging shortages, and improving data from medicine supply chains.

Teacher Migration to and from Australia and New Zealand, and the Place of Cook Islands, Fiji and Vanuatu Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Iredale, Robyn; Voigt-Graf, Carmen; Khoo, Siew-Ean

2009-01-01

The international mobility of teachers is gaining increased attention as particular developing countries become significant sources of supply for more developed countries that have shortages. Most attention so far has focused on Africa's contribution to the United Kingdom workforce. This article examines the patterns of teacher migration for…

Recruitment of Secondary School Physics Teachers--An International Viewpoint.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mayfield, M. R.

This report of the findings of the working group on "recruitment" of the International Congress on the Education of Secondary School Physics Teachers held in Hungary in September, 1970, includes reasons for the shortage of physics teachers (low salaries, excessive class load, lack of prestige, and inadequate programs of teacher preparation),…

Teacher Salaries and the Shortage of High-Quality Teachers in China's Rural Primary and Secondary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Xuehui, An

2018-01-01

Teacher salary level and structure are not only important factors affecting the supply of primary and secondary school teachers, but they are also crucial to attracting, training, and retaining high-quality teachers, thereby impacting the overall quality of education and teaching in schools. The reform of China's basic education management system…

A review of strategies to address the shortage of science and mathematics educators in grades 10-12

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Magano, Florence Lesedi

For an education system to function effectively it is important that its planning functions are executed effectively and efficiently. Among others this implies that the system must know what the teacher supply and demand is and how it will change in time. If the teacher supply and demand is known it could result in sound intervention strategies being developed and implemented. Education planners will be able to plan for the number of bursaries to be awarded and in which subject fields; it will be known how many foreign teachers to employ and for which subjects. This is the basic rationale that underpins this study. This study explored the problem of teacher demand and supply in the Further Education and Training (FET) phase (Grades 10 to 12) in South Africa and offers a critical analysis of strategies adopted by Provincial Education Departments in an endeavour to diminish the demand for teachers, specifically for Mathematics and Science, in rural and poor schools. Initially the study involved a secondary data analysis to extrapolate the demand and supply of teachers in Mathematics and Science over the next ten years. The first key finding of the study was that the data needed for such an analysis does not exist in any reliable form that would facilitate the development of such a projection. What the study had to rely on was anecdotal evidence that suggests that a shortage of Mathematics and Science teachers does exist and that posts are often filled by unqualified and under-qualified staff. In the second phase of the research in which the study explored the effectiveness of strategies developed to address the shortage of Mathematics and Science teachers, a qualitative research approach was adopted within a descriptive interpretive design. The views and opinions of human resource managers responsible for post provisioning in schools were explored through in-depth interviews to understand the types of strategy adopted by the provinces, their potential to alleviate

Causes of drug shortages in the legal pharmaceutical framework.

PubMed

De Weerdt, Elfi; Simoens, Steven; Hombroeckx, Luc; Casteels, Minne; Huys, Isabelle

2015-03-01

Different causes of drug shortages can be linked to the pharmaceutical legal framework, such as: parallel trade, quality requirements, economic decisions to suspend or cease production, etc. However until now no in-depth study of the different regulations affecting drug shortages is available. The aim of this paper is to provide an analysis of relevant legal and regulatory measures in the European pharmaceutical framework which influence drug shortages. Different European and national legislations governing human medicinal products were analyzed (e.g. Directive 2001/83/EC and Directive 2011/62/EU), supplemented with literature studies. For patented drugs, external price referencing may encompass the largest impact on drug shortages. For generic medicines, internal or external reference pricing, tendering as well as price capping may affect drug shortages. Manufacturing/quality requirements also contribute to drug shortages, since non-compliance leads to recalls. The influence of parallel trade on drug shortages is still rather disputable. Price and quality regulations are both important causes of drug shortages or drug unavailability. It can be concluded that there is room for improvement in the pharmaceutical legal framework within the lines drawn by the EU to mitigate drug shortages. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Drug shortage: determinants, consequences and management].

PubMed

Reis, Adriano Max Moreira; Perini, Edson

2008-04-01

The present study analyzes drug shortage as a problem reaching beyond the logistic aspect of the health field and discusses its consequences with respect to quality, safety and cost of health care delivery. The pharmaceutical supply chain and the factors that determine the distribution and availability of drugs are discussed. The contribution of the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee in preventing and managing drug shortage in health institutions is stressed and measures for drug shortage management are suggested. Finally it is emphasized that drugs should be considered health products rather than consumer goods and as such be given a different treatment by the supply chain.

What It Means to Be an Adolescent Teacher-and-Peer-Independent Motivation Type

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krunke, Hannah Marei; Raufelder, Diana

2014-01-01

In order to enhance our understanding of interindividual differences in academic motivation, the present study examined the interplay of personality, psychosocial adjustment and socio-academic factors in a subsample of adolescent students identified as teacher-and-peer-independent motivation type (MT) (N = 295; M[subscript Age] = 13.71) in…

America Reads-Mississippi Future Teacher Corps: A Study of Program Completers' Perception of Factors Influencing the Decision to Become and Remain Classroom Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Deborah Green

2012-01-01

Despite the number of programs in Mississippi that focus on developing and training teachers, the State continues to face a critical teacher shortage. This non-experimental, ex-post facto, quantitative study investigated the America Reads-Mississippi (ARM) Future Teacher Corps (FTC) program, an AmeriCorps program in Mississippi with a mission to…

Skills Shortages in Europe. IRDAC Opinion.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Commission of the European Communities, Brussels (Belgium). Industrial Research and Development Advisory Committee.

In 1989, the Industrial Research and Development Advisory Committee (IRDAC) of the European Community established a Working Party on education and training issues relevant to industry. A subgroup on skill shortages considered the issue from the European and macro-economic point of view. It examined such skills shortages issues as demographic…

Crossing the Primary and Secondary School Divide in Teacher Preparation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Knipe, Sally

2012-01-01

Teacher education courses at universities qualify graduates to teach in age-related contexts of primary/early childhood/secondary that reflect the organisational structure of schools. In terms of teacher employment, for some considerable time, these longstanding organisational divisions have been by-passed whereby a shortage of teachers in…

Drugs, money, and power: the Canadian drug shortage.

PubMed

Kaposy, Chris

2014-03-01

This article describes the shortage of generic injectable medications in Canada that affected hospitals in 2012. It traces the events leading up to the drug shortage, the causes of the shortage, and the responses by health administrators, pharmacists, and ethicists. The article argues that generic drug shortages are an ethical problem because health care organizations and governments have an obligation to avoid exposing patients to resource scarcity. The article also discusses some options governments could pursue in order to secure the drug supply and thereby fulfill their ethical obligations.

Sources of Work-Related Support for Rural Special Education Teachers and Their Relationship to Teacher Satisfaction and Commitment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bassett Berry, Ann

2010-01-01

The shortage of special education teachers is a critical issue facing rural school districts. Administrators face moderate to extreme difficulties recruiting special educators and some are unable to fill positions at all. The retention of teachers to special education positions in rural schools is part of any comprehensive plan to deal with…

African American Teachers and Culturally Relevant Pedagogy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foster, Michele

An overview is presented of research on African American teachers, addressing the large body of literature written by policy analysts, first-person narratives, and the sociological and anthropological literature. Policy research has identified the small number of African American teachers and has studied some reasons for this shortage and some of…

Improving Teacher Retention in California Public Schools. Research Brief. Issue #107

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Public Policy Institute of California, 2006

2006-01-01

California public schools face a number of challenges, including low academic performance and a shortage of fully credentialed teachers. One way to address these particular challenges is through teacher retention. Experienced teachers are more effective at raising student test scores, on average, than are teachers in their first year or two of…

Rethinking Recruitment: The Comprehensive and Strategic Recruitment of Secondary Science Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luft, Julie A.; Wong, Sissy S.; Semken, Steve

2011-01-01

The shortage of science teachers has spurred a discussion about their retention and recruitment. While discussion about retaining science teachers has increased dramatically in just the last few years, science teacher educators have not attended to the recruitment of science teachers with the same tenacity. This paper is our effort to initiate…

Defining Administrative Support and Its Relationship to the Attrition of Teachers of Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cancio, Edward J.; Albrecht, Susan Fread; Johns, Beverley H.

2013-01-01

Special education faces serious shortages of teachers, and the area of special education teaching with the greatest shortage is in the field emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). This study was conducted to identify the perceptions of current teachers of students with EBD on the definition of and the extent and importance of administrative…

Teachers Not Certified by Universities Burden Our Best Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Steadman, Sharilyn C.; Simmons, John S.

2007-01-01

Across America, school districts face a problem of numbers: too many students, too few educators. In some areas, the shortage of classroom teachers is approaching crisis proportions. One solution designed to address the recruitment side of the problem is found in the creation of Non-University Certification Programs (NUCPs). The designs and…

Analyzing the Relationship between Four Teacher Competence Areas and Commitment to Teaching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKim, Aaron J.; Sorensen, Tyson J.; Velez, Jonathan J.; Henderson, Thomas M.

2017-01-01

The success of education depends on highly competent teachers committed to stay in the teaching profession. In agricultural education, the need for teachers committed to teaching agriculture is heightened by the identified shortage of teachers. Previous research has linked teacher competence, most commonly operationalized as self-efficacy, and…

Projections for antiinfective drug shortages and time to actual resolution.

PubMed

McLaughlin, Milena M; Pentoney, Zachary; Skoglund, Erik; Scheetz, Marc H

2014-12-01

The results of a national study of projected versus actual times to resolution of temporary U.S. shortages of antiinfective drugs are presented. Descriptive data on antiinfective drug shortages, including differences between manufacturer-estimated and actual times to shortage resolution, were collected over a one-year period via regular monitoring of the websites of ASHP and the Food and Drug Administration. Inventory data from one large hospital in the Midwest were collected in order to characterize realized shortages (i.e., those for which mitigation was required). During the study period, there were 47 transient shortages of antiinfective medications involving 381 unique products or formulations, of which 40% (n = 19) were emergent shortages. Generic-only and brand-only medications accounted for 53% (n = 25) and 21% (n = 10) of the evaluated shortages, respectively; the median shortage duration was 40 days (interquartile range [IQR], 22-91 days). The reasons for shortages most frequently cited by manufacturers were product or formulation discontinuation (21%), increased demand (12%), and raw material shortfalls (8%). Some shortages were resolved sooner than originally projected, but overall, actual shortage durations exceeded manufacturer-projected durations by a median of 17 days (IQR, 0-52.5 days). Ten realized shortages occurred at the hospital study site, compelling the antimicrobial stewardship team to recommend alternative therapies or restrict the use of drugs in short supply. The actual durations of evaluated antiinfective drug shortages during the study period were longer than the manufacturer-projected durations by a median of 17 days. Copyright © 2014 by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. All rights reserved.

Where are the food animal veterinarian shortage areas anyway?

PubMed

Wang, Tong; Hennessy, David A; O'Connor, Annette M

2012-05-01

In 2010 the United States implemented the Veterinary Medicine Loan Repayment Program (VMLRP) to address perceived regional shortages in certain veterinary occupations, including food animal practice. With county as the unit of analysis, this paper describes a pair of models to evaluate factors associated with being designated a private practice shortage area in 2010. One model is used to explain food animal veterinarian location choices so as to provide an objective evaluation of comparative shortage. The other model seeks to explain the counties chosen as shortage areas. Model results are then used to evaluate the program. On the whole the program appears to perform quite well. For several states, however, VMLRP shortage designations are inconsistent with the food animal veterinarian location model. Comparative shortage is generally more severe in states that have no VMLRP designated private practice shortage counties than in states that do. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mentoring New Special Education Teachers: A Guide for Mentors and Program Developers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duffy, Mary Lou; Forgan, James W.

2004-01-01

Surveys show that 98% of school districts are reporting shortages of special education teachers, and that nearly a quarter of a million new special education teachers will be needed over the next few years. Special education teachers are leaving the field at twice the rate of general education teachers. Why? Special education teachers can quickly…

Teacher Education Recruitment: A Comprehensive Marketing Approach.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Didham, Cheryl K.; Kortokrax-Clark, Deborah

Due to a declining enrollment and a predicted teacher shortage, a specific student recruitment plan was implemented at Bowling Green State University (BGSU) in Ohio. This helped foster a 26 percent increase in teacher education enrollment. With the understanding that an institution must find out what its public expects and what their perceptions…

Professional Development Needs of Mid-Career Agriculture Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smalley, Scott W.; Smith, Amy R.

2017-01-01

Nationwide, agricultural education faces a shortage of teachers (National Teach Ag Campaign, 2014; Foster, Lawver, & Smith, 2016). To remedy this, both recruitment and retention efforts are necessary. While extensive research in agricultural education has focused on needs of beginning teachers, less research has focused on needs of agriculture…

Preparing STEM Teachers: The Key to Global Competitiveness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education (NJ1), 2007

2007-01-01

Like many sectors in society, the teacher preparation community is working to address challenges the nation faces in relation to global competitiveness. This document highlights institutions around the country that are preparing tomorrow's teachers in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Well-known shortages of…

Tailor-Made: Towards a Pedagogy for Educating Second-Career Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tigchelaar, Anke; Brouwer, Niels; Vermunt, Jan D.

2010-01-01

Many countries suffer from teacher shortages. One possible solution to this problem is to recruit second-career teachers. These second-career teachers form an intriguing group. They bring an abundance of previous experiences into a new, professional domain. The purpose of this study is to identify pedagogical principles that support the training…

"At Least I'm the Type of Teacher I Want to Be": Second-Career English Language Teachers' Identity Formation in Hong Kong Secondary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trent, John; Gao, Xuesong

2009-01-01

A teacher shortage in Hong Kong in core subjects, such as English, has led to interest in the recruitment and retention of second-career teachers. Drawing upon Wenger's (1998) theory of identity formation and using data from interviews with eight second-career English language teachers in Hong Kong, this paper explores how second-career teachers…

Nursing shortage: the facts and strategies in Macao society.

PubMed

Liu, Ming; Lam, Bernice; Fong, Pedro; Yuan, Hao Bin

2012-11-19

Historically, Macao, a Special Administrative Region (SAR) in the People's Republic of China, has been troubled by a shortage of nurses. This shortage became especially severe during the period immediately after the handover of Macao from Portugal to the People's Republic of China in 1999. A fast-growing population, an aging population, the risk of epidemics, and competition for personnel with other industries have all contributed to this shortage. In recent years, Macao has implemented the following successful strategies to address the shortage: increased school enrollments, benefits, and professional development, along with the development of a clinical specialist program, a transition program for new graduates, and training for more certified nursing assistants. Strong government support and collaboration among all stakeholders have also served to enhance the nursing work force. In this article, the authors describe the nursing shortage in Macao SAR, discuss factors contributing to the shortage, and present strategies used to manage the shortage. They conclude by emphasizing the importance of increasing salary and professional status and providing transition programs for new graduates.

Effectiveness of an Alternative Certification Program for the Preparation of Elementary Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Follo, Eric J.; Rivard, James J.

2009-01-01

This study focuses on the effectiveness of the alternative elementary teacher certification program at Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan. The program was developed in response to the projected teacher shortage, the need for teachers in subjects such as mathematics and science, the need for teachers in urban schools, and the need for…

The Teacher Supply Pipeline in Illinois: Entrance into and Exit from Teaching. Policy Research Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Presley, Jennifer B.

2002-01-01

This Policy Research Brief summarizes findings from several studies of the Illinois teacher supply pipeline. It describes current teacher shortages, and identifies opportunities to plug leaks in the teacher supply pipeline. (Contains 7 endnotes.)

Teacher Recruitment and Retention: A Study of Why Teachers Stay in a Suburban School District in the Southeastern United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Fabby Terry

2017-01-01

One of the major challenges currently facing public school systems and administrators around the country is the shortage of certified teachers in classrooms. In addition, when school systems are able to find and hire properly certified teachers, school administrators face an even greater challenge in terms of keeping or retaining them. In the…

10 Myths & Realities about Community College Teacher Education Programs. Second Edition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maricopa Community Colleges, 2009

2009-01-01

As community colleges emerge as a solution to the teacher quality and shortage issue, the National Association of Community College Teacher Education Programs (NACCTEP) created this pamphlet in an attempt to dispel any misperceptions individuals may have about the community college role in teacher education. "10 Myths About Community College…

Why Teacher Leaders Don't Want to Be Principals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hewitt, Paul M.; Denny, George S.; Pijanowski, John C.

2011-01-01

This article examines reasons why teachers who were identified by their school principal as leaders or having leadership potential, chose not to become school principals. While the literature reports a shortage of qualified applicants for school administrative positions, the deterrents that teacher leaders most often identify include…

Ph.D. shortage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

The late 1990s will see a shortage of Ph.D. graduates, according to the Association of American Universities, Washington, D.C. AAU's new comprehensive study, “The Ph.D. Shortage: The Federal Role,” reports that competition for new Ph.D.s is already intense and can only intensify because demand is greater than supply in both academic and nonacademic markets.Doctoral education plays an increasingly important role in U.S. research and development programs. Students have a pivotal part in doing research and enriching it with new ideas. The AAU report says that graduate students are “major determinants of the creativity and productivity of U.S. academic research, the source of more than 50% of the nation's basic research.’ The market for doctoral education extends beyond the university. In 1985, about 43% of all Ph.D.s employed in this country were working outside higher education; the demand for doctorate recipients in nonacademic sectors continues to grow.

Strategies to Increase Teacher Supply and Quality: Related Policy Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raizen, Senta

1986-01-01

"Quick fixes" and over-reactive policy mandates don't clearly anticipate long-term implications. Examples are given of the negative effects of scholarship/loan programs, career ladders, changing credentialing requirements, and teacher competency testing, originally devised to avoid teacher shortages. (Author/CB)

Georgia's Grow-Your-Own Teacher Programs Attract the Right Stuff

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swanson, Peter B.

2011-01-01

There is a shortage of educators and there are various factors that account for the lack of teachers. Millions of new teachers will be needed in the near future and the present study juxtaposes the vocational personality profiles of adolescents (N = 262) participating in Future Educators of America programs in Georgia to in-service teachers'…

Teacher Turnover: Examining Exit Attrition, Teaching Area Transfer, and School Migration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boe, Erling E.; Cook, Lynne H.; Sunderland, Robert J.

2008-01-01

The purposes of this research were to quantify trends in three components of teacher turnover and to investigate claims of excessive teacher turnover as the predominant source of teacher shortages. Attrition and teaching area transfer rates were comparable in special and general education and increased substantially from 1991-1992 to 2000-2001.…

Teacher Labour Markets in South Africa and Botswana: A Comparative Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Irving, Margaret

2012-01-01

This article compares key features of the labour markets for teachers across Botswana and South Africa in order to seek possible explanations for the apparently larger teacher shortages in South Africa. It is argued that South African teachers earn relatively lower wages when compared to professionals with comparable qualifications; they have also…

Novice Agriculture Teachers' General Self Efficacy and Sense of Community Connectedness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Langley, G. Curtis; Martin, Michael; Kitchel, Tracy

2014-01-01

The attrition rate for novice teachers can range between 20%-50% in the first five years. This problem has concerned researchers in school-based agricultural education because of the shortage of agriculture teachers and high demands of the job. Researchers narrowed down the reasons why teachers leave the profession including the role of…

Teacher Perceptions of Administrator Leadership Styles Regarding Job Satisfaction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Zachary Tyler

2017-01-01

One of the greatest challenges within education is a growing shortage of teachers (Epps & Foor, 2015). Various factors can be attributed to this phenomenon; however, two major factors that influence teachers to leave the profession are accountability and administrator leadership styles (Weinbaum, Weis, & Beaver, 2012). These two factors…

Teachers for Children with Emotional/Behavioral Disorders: Education's Greatest Challenge?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lauritzen, Paul; Friedman, Stephen J.

1991-01-01

This article describes children having emotional/behavioral disorders, presents data demonstrating the critical shortage of teachers for this population, discusses factors that contribute to this problem, and offers recommendations including giving teachers of these children an additional salary stipend and providing them the option of…

Distance Learning Now an Option: Consortium Tackles FCS Teacher Shortage

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pickard, Mary J.

2005-01-01

In February 2001, national family and consumer sciences (FCS) leaders, state department of education supervisors, and FCS education providers from 16 higher education institutions representing every region of the U.S. met to establish a national support system and clearinghouse for FCS teacher preparation. Their goal was to aid existing FCS…

Nursing and Allied Health Shortages: TBR Responds.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berryman, Treva

Staff members of the Tennessee Board of Regents (TBR) and the Tennessee Higher Education Commission worked jointly to establish a task force to investigate and develop recommendations for addressing the workforce shortages in nursing and allied health in Tennessee. The investigation established that Tennessee already has a workforce shortage of…

A Mixed-Methods Study of Alternate-Route Teachers' Effect on Student Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spearman, Cassandra Faye

2017-01-01

Due to teacher shortages at the study site, teaching positions in the state that is the focus of this study are filled by alternate route (AR) teachers, who earned bachelor degrees in the fields that were not related to education and received teacher certification through alternative teacher education programs. Because there is limited information…

Development of biosimilars in an era of oncologic drug shortages

PubMed Central

Li, Edward; Subramanian, Janakiraman; Anderson, Scott; Thomas, Dolca; McKinley, Jason; Jacobs, Ira A

2015-01-01

Acute and chronic shortages of various pharmaceuticals and particularly of sterile injectable products are being reported on a global scale, prompting evaluation of more effective strategies to manage current shortages and development of new, high-quality pharmaceutical products to mitigate the risk of potential future shortages. Oncology drugs such as liposomal doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil represent examples of first-choice drugs critically affected by shortages. Survey results indicate that the majority of hospitals and practicing oncologists have experienced drug shortages, which may have compromised patient safety and clinical outcomes, and increased health care costs, due to delays or changes in treatment regimens. Clinical trials evaluating novel agents in combination with standard-of-care drugs are also being affected by drug shortages. Clinical and ethical considerations on treatment objectives, drug indication, and availability of alternative options may help in prioritizing cancer patients involved in active drug shortages. The United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency have identified manufacturing problems, delays in supply, and lack of available active ingredients as the most frequent causes of recent or ongoing drug shortages, and have released specific guidance to monitor, manage, and reduce the risk of shortages. The upcoming loss of exclusivity for a number of anticancer biologics, together with the introduction of an abbreviated approval pathway for biosimilars, raises the question of whether these products will be vulnerable to shortages. Future supply by reliable manufacturers of well characterized biosimilar monoclonal antibodies, developed in compliance with regulatory and manufacturing guidelines and with substantial investments, may contribute to prevent future biologics shortages and ensure access to effective and safe treatment options for patients with cancer. Preclinical and clinical characterization

Common Problems Experienced by First Year Alternatively Certified Teachers: A Qualitative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hung, Li-Ching; Smith, Cary Stacy

2012-01-01

The teacher shortage throughout the United States, especially in areas considered "at-risk," has reached an alarming level. Novice teachers often decide not to return after one year of service, with the number of teachers not returning doubling at five years. One possible means of overcoming these two problems is alternative…

What Can We Do to Strengthen the Teacher Workforce?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gorard, Stephen; See, Beng Huat; Smith, Emma; White, Patrick

2007-01-01

This paper considers recurrent alarms in England, Wales and other developed countries concerning shortages of teachers. It summarises the conclusions from a mixed-methods international study of teacher supply, quality and retention. The research used large-scale secondary data sets from a variety of sources, at both the individual and aggregate…

A Tale of Two Pathways: The Perceptions of Newly Graduated Traditional and in Place Special Education Teacher Candidates on Their Teacher Preparation Experiences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oshita, Linda

2013-01-01

The special education teacher shortage prompted school districts to hire unlicensed teachers on the condition they earn their credentials on-the-job (in place). Although the benefits of traditional student teaching is well documented, little is known about how in place arrangements prepare individuals for teaching special education. Given that…

Study Abroad as Professional Development for FSL Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wernicke, Meike

2010-01-01

In July 2009, a group of over 80 FSL teachers from British Columbia (BC) participated in a two-week sojourn at the "Centre d'Approches vivantes des Langues et des Medias" (CAVILAM) in Vichy, France, as part of an initiative to address the critical shortage of qualified French language teachers in the province. After almost four decades…

A Mentoring Curriculum to Prepare Special Education Teachers: A Study of Program Director Perceptions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Talley, Robin H.

2016-01-01

This study examined the anticipated overall teacher shortage, and the specific reasons why novice special education teachers leave the profession within three to five years. A review of the literature suggested that a 2.5 million teacher shortfall is expected; however, special education teachers leave their teaching assignments two and one-half…

How Much Professional Development Is Enough? Meeting the Needs of Independent Music Teachers Learning to Use a Digital Tool

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Upitis, Rena; Brook, Julia

2017-01-01

Even though there are demonstrated benefits of using online tools to support student musicians, there is a persistent challenge of providing sufficient and effective professional development for independent music teachers to use such tools successfully. This paper describes several methods for helping teachers use an online tool called iSCORE,…

Challenges for Teachers' Professional Learning for Inclusive Education in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florian, Lani; Becirevic, Majda

2011-01-01

Efforts to prepare teachers and other professionals for inclusive education in the Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS/CEE) region are heavily influenced by the legacy of Soviet defectology (the study of children with disabilities) and Soviet traditions of teacher education. The authors identify some…

Key Issue: Recruiting Teachers for Urban and Rural Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hayes, Kathleen

2009-01-01

Teacher shortages are essentially a problem of distribution (Darling-Hammond, 2001; Ingersoll, 2001; National Association of State Boards of Education, 1998; Olson, 2000; Reeves, 2003; Voke, 2002). According to recent studies, hardest to find are teachers who are both qualified and willing to teach in hard-to-staff schools, which included those in…

Special Education Teacher Preparation in Kenya, Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chitiyo, Morgan; Odongo, George; Itimu-Phiri, Ambumulire; Muwana, Florence; Lipemba, Mary

2015-01-01

Researchers have repeatedly identified special education teacher shortage as one of the factors that have stymied the development of special education in many African countries. Highly qualified special education teachers are an integral part of successful national educational systems. In order to ensure an optimum supply of qualified special…

Teacher Preference, Peer Rejection, and Student Aggression: A Prospective Study of Transactional Influence and Independent Contributions to Emotional Adjustment and Grades

PubMed Central

Mercer, Sterett H.

2008-01-01

This study assessed the importance of teacher preference of individual students, relative to peer rejection and student aggression, as an independent predictor of children's emotional adjustment and grades. First, a longitudinal, cross-lagged path analysis was conducted to determine the patterns of influence among teacher preference, peer rejection, and student aggression. Then, parallel growth analyses were examined to test whether lower initial and declining teacher preference, beyond the influence of initial-level and change in peer rejection and student aggression, predicted change in loneliness, depression, social anxiety, and grades. Social adjustment, emotional adjustment, and academic adjustment were assessed in the fall and spring of two consecutive school years with 1,193 third-grade students via peer-, teacher-, and self-report instruments as well as school records. In the cross-lagged path analysis, reciprocal influence over time between teacher preference and peer rejection was found, and student aggression predicted lower teacher preference and higher peer rejection. In the growth analyses, initial and declining teacher preference were independent predictors of increasing loneliness and declining grades. Discussion focuses on the relevance of the results within a transactional model of school adaptation. PMID:19083378

Teacher preference, peer rejection, and student aggression: a prospective study of transactional influence and independent contributions to emotional adjustment and grades.

PubMed

Mercer, Sterett H; DeRosier, Melissa E

2008-12-01

This study assessed the importance of teacher preference of individual students, relative to peer rejection and student aggression, as an independent predictor of children's emotional adjustment and grades. First, a longitudinal, cross-lagged path analysis was conducted to determine the patterns of influence among teacher preference, peer rejection, and student aggression. Then, parallel growth analyses were examined to test whether lower initial and declining teacher preference, beyond the influence of initial level and change in peer rejection and student aggression, predicted change in loneliness, depression, social anxiety, and grades. Social adjustment, emotional adjustment, and academic adjustment were assessed in the fall and spring of two consecutive school years with 1193 third-grade students via peer-, teacher-, and self-report instruments as well as school records. In the cross-lagged path analysis, reciprocal influence over time between teacher preference and peer rejection was found, and student aggression predicted lower teacher preference and higher peer rejection. In the growth analyses, initial and declining teacher preference were independent predictors of increasing loneliness and declining grades. Discussion focuses on the relevance of the results within a transactional model of school adaptation.

The Cost of Mentoring Non-University-Certified Teachers: Who Pays the Price?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Steadman, Sharilyn C.; Simmons, John S.

2007-01-01

Across America today, school districts face a problem of numbers: too many students, too few educators. In some areas, the shortage of classroom teachers is approaching crisis proportions. Attempts to address the problem of teacher supply have focused on either bringing new people into the field of education or keeping beginning teachers in the…

Revisiting the Trajectories of Special Teacher Education in China through Policy and Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Yan; Mu, Guanglun Michael

2014-01-01

The preparation, recruitment, work, and career of teachers are important in education. This is no exemption for special education. However, the shortage of qualified teachers serving students with disabilities has long been an international problem. In China, both the quantity and the quality of special education teachers are of concern. This…

Perils to Self-Efficacy Perceptions and Teacher-Preparation Quality among Special Education Intern Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Yeunjoo; Patterson, Philip P.; Vega, Luis A.

2011-01-01

To reduce teacher shortages, an intern credential has been introduced as a means of alternate certification in California. Individuals who meet the requirement of subject matter competency are eligible for an intern credential, allowing them to teach students in special education programs for two years while completing their coursework…

Is the Supply of Mathematics and Science Teachers Sufficient?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ingersoll, Richard M.; Perda, David

2010-01-01

This study seeks to empirically ground the debate over mathematics and science teacher shortages and evaluate the extent to which there is, or is not, sufficient supply of teachers in these fields. The authors' analyses of nationally representative data from multiple sources show that math and science are the fields most difficult to staff, but…

Stemming Teacher Turnover in Rural Settings: A Follow-Up Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sullivan, Michael E.

This paper describes an alternative certification program that was developed to address the shortage of certified special education teachers in West Virginia. The goal of the program is to provide students from a noneducational background with opportunities at the master's degree level to become special education teachers in one of three…

Importing Educators and Redefining What It Means to Be a Teacher in the U.S.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Books, Sue; de Villiers, Rian

2013-01-01

Unsubstantiated assertions of a U.S. teacher shortage are being used to rationalize recruitment of overseas-trained teachers--a practice fraught with difficulties, including loss to host countries of some of their best educators, abuse of some teachers working in legally precarious situations, and the possibility of displacing U.S. teachers with…

Teachers on the Move: In and Out of the Job Market.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arnold, Anne Jurmu

1983-01-01

Job opportunities still exist for teachers who are willing to go where jobs are. Areas of the country with teacher shortages, subjects in demand, and future trends are explored. Demographics, salaries, and the economic health of various areas are discussed as are opportunities for teaching abroad. (PP)

Developing a Survey Instrument to Explore Career Pathways of Past Teacher Education Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kidd, Lynda

2015-01-01

Despite reported shortages of teachers world-wide, around 50% of teacher education students do not establish themselves in the teaching profession. It is therefore important to confirm the career pathways these students undertake and that teacher education degrees are of benefit to them throughout their career. This paper describes the method used…

Politics, economics, and nursing shortages: a critical look at United States government policies.

PubMed

Elgie, Rob

2007-01-01

The economic concept that the independent actions of buyers and sellers tend to move the market toward equilibrium where there is no shortage or surplus is basic in the classic and current literature of economics. The problem with subsidies is that nurses who receive subsidized educations are able to provide nursing services for less compensation because they paid less or nothing for their educations. Subsidies may be politically appealing, but they override market forces of supply and demand. The demand for nurses and nursing instructors can be met and maintained for generations to come with policies that expand roles and reimbursement for APNs and encourage the nurse and nursing instructor labor markets to correct themselves by providing fair compensation under Magnet status working conditions. Politics and policies meant to correct the nursing shortage should focus less on how to reduce the cost of producing nurses, and more on how to afford to compensate nurses with wages and benefits that achieve market equilibrium.

Balancing Teacher Quality and Quantity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bond, Helen

The world is facing a shortage of trained teachers. According to the 2010 Global Monitoring Report approximately 10.3 million teachers will be needed globally to staff classrooms from Bangkok to Canada. The situation is worse in Sub-Saharan Africa. Estimates suggest that approximately 1.2 million new teachers will be needed in Sub-Saharan Africa alone to achieve universal primary education goals by 2015. Increases in primary school enrollments, drought, and HIV-AIDS have exacerbated the need for well trained teachers. Despite the need, the focus is on balancing quality with quantity. An effective teacher is deemed a critical element, although not the only one, in a student's success in the classroom. This paper focuses on the dilemma of meeting universal primary education goals in Sub-Saharan Africa, while maintaining teacher quality in fragile contexts.

The Teacher Residency: A Practical Path to Recruitment and Retention

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guha, Roneeta; Hyler, Maria E.; Darling-Hammond, Linda

2017-01-01

Recruitment and retention challenges are once again leading to teacher shortages across the nation. Especially in urban and rural school districts, low salaries and poor working conditions often contribute to the difficulties of recruiting and keeping teachers, as can the challenges of the work itself. As a consequence, in many schools--especially…

Bringing Them in: The Experiences of Imported and Overseas-Qualified Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sharplin, Elaine

2009-01-01

This qualitative multiple-site case study explores the experiences of imported and overseas-qualified teachers appointed to fill "difficult-to-staff" Western Australian rural schools. In a climate of global teacher shortages, investigation of the strategies adopted to solve this problem requires empirical examination. The study of six…

Course Compression and School Partnership in Pre-Service Primary Teacher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hope, John

In response to a serious shortage of elementary school teachers, New Zealand's government introduced competitive contracts for new and established providers to develop initial teacher education programs that could be completed over 12-18 months. The University of Auckland developed a compressed, three-semester, post-graduate program taught in…

7 CFR 3431.7 - Notification and use of designated veterinarian shortage situations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... VETERINARY MEDICINE LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAM Designation of Veterinarian Shortage Situations § 3431.7 Notification and use of designated veterinarian shortage situations. The Secretary will publish the designated veterinarian shortage situations on the Agency's Web site and will use the designated veterinarian shortage...

7 CFR 3431.7 - Notification and use of designated veterinarian shortage situations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... of Veterinarian Shortage Situations § 3431.7 Notification and use of designated veterinarian shortage situations. The Secretary will publish the designated veterinarian shortage situations on the Agency's Web site and will use the designated veterinarian shortage situations to solicit VMLRP loan repayment...

7 CFR 3431.7 - Notification and use of designated veterinarian shortage situations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... of Veterinarian Shortage Situations § 3431.7 Notification and use of designated veterinarian shortage situations. The Secretary will publish the designated veterinarian shortage situations on the Agency's Web site and will use the designated veterinarian shortage situations to solicit VMLRP loan repayment...

7 CFR 3431.7 - Notification and use of designated veterinarian shortage situations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... of Veterinarian Shortage Situations § 3431.7 Notification and use of designated veterinarian shortage situations. The Secretary will publish the designated veterinarian shortage situations on the Agency's Web site and will use the designated veterinarian shortage situations to solicit VMLRP loan repayment...

Insights into European Drug Shortages: A Survey of Hospital Pharmacists

PubMed Central

Pauwels, Kim; Simoens, Steven; Casteels, Minne; Huys, Isabelle

2015-01-01

Drug shortages are a complex and global phenomenon. When a drug cannot be delivered at the moment of patient demand, every stakeholder in the health care system is affected. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics, clinical impact, financial impact and management of drug shortages in European hospital pharmacies and identify opportunities for prevention and mitigation of drug shortages in Europe. An online survey was designed based on a review of the literature and interviews and was sent to subscribers of Hospital Pharmacy Europe between June and September 2013. Forty-five percent of respondents (n = 161) indicated that life sustaining or life preserving drugs such as oncology drugs were affected by drug shortages. More than 30% of respondents indicated that drug shortages in Europe were always or often associated with increased costs for hospitals, increased personnel costs and more expensive alternative drugs (n = 161). On the question when information about a drug shortage was obtained, 42% of respondents answered that information from the pharmaceutical company was obtained at the time of no delivery, 50% indicated that information from the wholesaler was obtained at the time of no delivery, while 40% of respondents indicated that information was never or rarely received from the government (n = 161). Fifty seven percent of respondents strongly agreed that an obligation to the producer to notify further shortages could help to solve the problem (n = 161). These results showed that pharmaceutical companies and wholesalers are already involved in the management of drug shortages, while a role is still reserved for the government. Mandatory notification in advance and centralized information can help to reduce workload for hospital pharmacists, will allow early anticipation of drug shortages and will facilitate mitigation of the clinical impact on patients. PMID:25775406

Insights into European drug shortages: a survey of hospital pharmacists.

PubMed

Pauwels, Kim; Simoens, Steven; Casteels, Minne; Huys, Isabelle

2015-01-01

Drug shortages are a complex and global phenomenon. When a drug cannot be delivered at the moment of patient demand, every stakeholder in the health care system is affected. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics, clinical impact, financial impact and management of drug shortages in European hospital pharmacies and identify opportunities for prevention and mitigation of drug shortages in Europe. An online survey was designed based on a review of the literature and interviews and was sent to subscribers of Hospital Pharmacy Europe between June and September 2013. Forty-five percent of respondents (n = 161) indicated that life sustaining or life preserving drugs such as oncology drugs were affected by drug shortages. More than 30% of respondents indicated that drug shortages in Europe were always or often associated with increased costs for hospitals, increased personnel costs and more expensive alternative drugs (n = 161). On the question when information about a drug shortage was obtained, 42% of respondents answered that information from the pharmaceutical company was obtained at the time of no delivery, 50% indicated that information from the wholesaler was obtained at the time of no delivery, while 40% of respondents indicated that information was never or rarely received from the government (n = 161). Fifty seven percent of respondents strongly agreed that an obligation to the producer to notify further shortages could help to solve the problem (n = 161). These results showed that pharmaceutical companies and wholesalers are already involved in the management of drug shortages, while a role is still reserved for the government. Mandatory notification in advance and centralized information can help to reduce workload for hospital pharmacists, will allow early anticipation of drug shortages and will facilitate mitigation of the clinical impact on patients.

Addressing the Shortage of Speech-Language Pathologists in School Settings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Squires, Katie

2013-01-01

There is a shortage of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in this country. This shortage is due, in part, to the limited number of openings in graduate programs and the increased need for SLPs as their scope of practice widens, the autism rate grows, and the population ages. Schools are feeling this shortage the most. There are several reasons…

Projected Supply, Demand, and Shortages of Registered Nurses, 2000-2020.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Health Resources and Services Administration (DHHS/PHS), Rockville, MD. National Center for Health Workforce Analysis.

The supply, demand, and shortages of registered nurses (RNs) were projected and analyzed for 2000-2020. According to the analysis, the national supply of full-time-equivalent registered nurses in 2000 was estimated at 1.89 million versus an estimated demand of 2 million, leaving a shortage of 110,000 (6%). The shortage is expected to grow…

Perceptions on the First Year of Teaching from Alternatively Certified Career and Technical Education Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ball, Aaron E.

2016-01-01

Increasing teacher shortages in Career and Technical Education have resulted in changes in the routes to teacher certification. As the gap widens between available traditionally certified teachers and the openings available, administrators will continue to turn to alternative means to fill positions. Arizona has responded to this by changing…

Academic food-supply veterinarians: future demand and likely shortages.

PubMed

Bruce Prince, J; Andrus, David M; Gwinner, Kevin

2006-01-01

The future demand for and potential shortages of food-supply veterinarians have been the subject of much concern. Using the Delphi forecasting method in a three-phase Web-based survey process, a panel of experts identified the trends and issues shaping the demand for and supply of academic food-animal veterinarians, then forecasted the likely future demand and shortages of food-supply veterinarians employed in academic institutions in the United States and Canada through 2016. The results indicate that there will be increasing future demand and persistent shortages of academic food-supply veterinarians unless current trends are countered with targeted, strategic action. The Delphi panel also evaluated the effectiveness of several strategies for reversing current trends and increasing the number of food-supply veterinarians entering into academic careers. Academic food-supply veterinarians are a key link in the system that produces food-supply veterinarians for all sectors (private practice, government service, etc.); shortages in the academic sector will amplify shortages wherever food-supply veterinarians are needed. Even fairly small shortages have significant public-health, food-safety, animal-welfare, and bio-security implications. Recent events demonstrate that in an increasingly interconnected global economic food supply system, national economies and public health are at risk unless an adequate supply of appropriately trained food-supply veterinarians is available to counter a wide variety of threats ranging from animal and zoonotic diseases to bioterrorism.

The Extent of Autism Knowledge of Novice Alternatively Certified Special Education Teachers in Texas

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hauber, Jennifer Alward; Mehta, Smita Shukla; Combes, Bertina H.

2015-01-01

An increase in the prevalence rate of autism is not necessarily matched by a concurrent increase in the rate of highly qualified special education teachers, resulting in chronic teacher shortages in this area. Alternative certification (AC) is used as a mechanism to alleviate the demand for highly qualified special education teachers. However, AC…

Autonomy in the Preservice Teacher: A Retention Factor for Special Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paige, Susan Mary

2007-01-01

The current shortage of teachers, owing primarily to retention and the shortfall in the field of special education, presents serious staffing concerns for serving children with special needs. Beyond supply considerations, teacher preparation programs are an integral part of the solution. Deci, Koestner, and Ryan (1999) described the role of…

Improving Special Education Teacher Retention: Implications from a Decade of Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Billingsley, Bonnie S.

2002-01-01

A review of the research on the shortage of special education teachers and the role of attrition leads to eight recommendations to improve special educators' work environments and increase retention. Four of these recommendations are: hire certified teachers; use salaries and bonuses as incentives to remain; develop responsive induction programs…

Shortage of Peritoneal Dialysis Solution and the Food and Drug Administration's Response.

PubMed

Jensen, Valerie; Throckmorton, Douglas C

2015-08-07

Although the number of new drug shortages has been lower in recent years than in the past, severe shortages have occurred that have affected large numbers of patients. A new law entitled the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act was enacted in July of 2012, which requires companies to notify the Food and Drug Administration of anticipated shortages. This notification requirement has allowed the Food and Drug Administration to work closely with manufacturers earlier to mitigate and, often, prevent shortages. However, not all shortages are able to be prevented, and the shortage of peritoneal dialysis solution is one that has had a significant effect on patients. The Food and Drug Administration continues to use all available tools to address this shortage with manufacturers, including temporary availability of imported peritoneal dialysis solution from Ireland. Mitigating shortages is a top priority for the Food and Drug Administration, and communication with all stakeholders is essential. Copyright © 2015 by the American Society of Nephrology.

Impact of drug shortages on patients receiving parenteral nutrition after laparotomy.

PubMed

Bible, Jaimee R; Evans, David C; Payne, Brett; Mostafavifar, Lisa

2014-11-01

Drug shortages, including parenteral nutrition (PN) product shortages, continue to increase and have a significant impact on healthcare. The extent to which product shortages affect bowel recovery and outcomes in patients receiving PN is unknown. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of extensive PN product shortages on patients receiving PN after laparotomy for bowel obstruction. A retrospective review was conducted for patients who underwent a laparotomy for small bowel obstruction and received PN postoperatively. Periods of limited and extensive PN product shortages at our institution were defined. PN therapy duration and composition, daily laboratory values, electrolyte supplementation, length of stay, and cost of hospitalization were recorded. Analyses using χ(2), Wilcoxon rank sum, log-rank, and t tests as appropriate were performed using SAS/STAT 9.2. Patients had longer hospital length of stays (20.0 vs 15.2 days; P = .04), trends toward longer PN therapy courses (8.8 vs 6.6 days; P = .13), and a 51% higher hospital cost during the extensive PN drug shortage period. Mean serum electrolyte concentrations were similar while the need for supplemental magnesium replacements increased during the extensive shortage period (75% vs 35%; P = .01). Supplemented patients also required higher doses of magnesium (2.7 vs 1.0 g; P < .01) and more laboratory draws during the extensive shortage period (59% vs 21% required ≥ 2 draws daily; P = .04). Fewer lipid calories were delivered during the extensive shortage period (2.4 vs 4.8 kcal/kg/d; P < .01). PN drug shortages have a negative impact on patient outcomes and require aggressive management strategies. © 2014 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

Evaluation of Parenteral Nutrition Errors in an Era of Drug Shortages.

PubMed

Storey, Michael A; Weber, Robert J; Besco, Kelly; Beatty, Stuart; Aizawa, Kumiko; Mirtallo, Jay M

2016-04-01

Ingredient shortages have forced many organizations to change practices or use unfamiliar ingredients, which creates potential for error. Parenteral nutrition (PN) has been significantly affected, as every ingredient in PN has been impacted in recent years. Ingredient errors involving PN that were reported to the national anonymous MedMARx database between May 2009 and April 2011 were reviewed. Errors were categorized by ingredient, node, and severity. Categorization was validated by experts in medication safety and PN. A timeline of PN ingredient shortages was developed and compared with the PN errors to determine if events correlated with an ingredient shortage. This information was used to determine the prevalence and change in harmful PN errors during periods of shortage, elucidating whether a statistically significant difference exists in errors during shortage as compared with a control period (ie, no shortage). There were 1311 errors identified. Nineteen errors were associated with harm. Fat emulsions and electrolytes were the PN ingredients most frequently associated with error. Insulin was the ingredient most often associated with patient harm. On individual error review, PN shortages were described in 13 errors, most of which were associated with intravenous fat emulsions; none were associated with harm. There was no correlation of drug shortages with the frequency of PN errors. Despite the significant impact that shortages have had on the PN use system, no adverse impact on patient safety could be identified from these reported PN errors. © 2015 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

What's the ROI for resolving the nursing faculty shortage?

PubMed

Kowalski, Karren; Kelley, Brian M

2013-01-01

The nursing faculty shortage will have a fundamental impact on the ability to produce nurses. For most nursing schools and states, however, concerns about the relative merits of different solutions to the nursing faculty shortage are misplaced. Without significantly increased visibility and definition, accompanied by a clear public, private, and health care organization return on investment (ROI), proposing solutions to the nursing faculty shortage is at best premature and at worst irrelevant. There is simply too much competition for resources to expect that a vaguely defined and invisible problem with no rationale for increased investment will receive sufficient support from critical decision makers and constituencies. First must come problem definition, visibility, and ROI. Only then can the case be made for implementing solutions to the nursing faculty shortage.

Nursing shortages and international nurse migration.

PubMed

Ross, S J; Polsky, D; Sochalski, J

2005-12-01

The United Kingdom and the United States are among several developed countries currently experiencing nursing shortages. While the USA has not yet implemented policies to encourage nurse immigration, nursing shortages will likely result in the growth of foreign nurse immigration to the USA. Understanding the factors that drive the migration of nurses is critical as the USA exerts more pull on the foreign nurse workforce. To predict the international migration of nurses to the UK using widely available data on country characteristics. The Nursing and Midwifery Council serves as the source of data on foreign nurse registrations in the UK between 1998 and 2002. We develop and test a regression model that predicts the number of foreign nurse registrants in the UK based on source country characteristics. We collect country-level data from sources such as the World Bank and the World Health Organization. The shortage of nurses in the UK has been accompanied by massive and disproportionate growth in the number of foreign nurses from poor countries. Low-income, English-speaking countries that engage in high levels of bilateral trade experience greater losses of nurses to the UK. Poor countries seeking economic growth through international trade expose themselves to the emigration of skilled labour. This tendency is currently exacerbated by nursing shortages in developed countries. Countries at risk for nurse emigration should adjust health sector planning to account for expected losses in personnel. Moreover, policy makers in host countries should address the impact of recruitment on source country health service delivery.

The American Nursing Shortage: Implications for Community Colleges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Friedel, Janice Nahra

2012-01-01

This article examines national employment and program trends in the nursing profession, the nursing shortage in Iowa, and state policy and community college responses in Iowa. During the seven-year period 2001-2008, two Iowa governors convened special task forces to study the nursing shortage and to make recommendations. The policy responses dealt…

A Profile of California's Secondary Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tripp, Paula J.

2006-01-01

The critical and urgent need for large numbers of secondary family and consumer sciences (FCS) teachers has been thoroughly documented (American Association of Family & Consumer Sciences, 1999; Miller & Meszaros, 1996; Rehm & Jackman, 1995) over the past decade. Projected shortages have become a reality because the demand for…

The Teacher Shortage: A Case of Wrong Diagnosis and Wrong Prescription.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ingersoll, Richard M.

2002-01-01

Investigates the possibility that the organizational characteristics and conditions of schools are driving teacher turnover. Analysis of data from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) indicates that the amount of turnover accounted for by retirement is relatively minor when compared with that associated with other factors such as…

Online Collaboration Processes of Career Changers Seeking Alternative Teacher Certification

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moraes Varjao, Jaqueline Urania

2012-01-01

In March 2011, the U.S. Department of Education released a list of Teacher Shortage Area (TSA) nationwide. In most states the need for certified teachers fall in four main areas: English as a Second Language (ESOL), Mathematics and Science (6-12), and Foreign Language. The current study explored the ways in which career changers enrolled in online…

Indicators of Successful Teacher Recruitment and Retention in Oklahoma Rural Schools. REL 2018-275

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lazarev, Valeriy; Toby, Megan; Zacamy, Jenna; Lin, Li; Newman, Denis

2017-01-01

Recruiting and retaining effective teachers are serious concerns throughout Oklahoma. The Oklahoma State School Boards Association (2016) reported 500 teacher vacancies at the beginning of the 2015/16 school year, according to a survey of school districts, and 53 percent of respondents said the teacher shortage was worse than in the previous year.…

The Demand for Special Education Teachers in Rural Schools Revisited: An Update on Progress

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sindelar, Paul T.; Pua, Daisy J.; Fisher, Tiffany; Peyton, David J.; Brownell, Mary T.; Mason-Williams, Loretta

2018-01-01

In this commentary, we revisit "NCLB and the Demand for Highly Qualified Teachers: Challenges and Solutions for Rural Schools," an article we published in this journal in 2005. We consider the predictions we made then about the impact of the Highly Qualified Teacher mandate on special education teacher (SET) shortages in rural states and…

FCS Tackles Shortage of Healthcare Workers in Nebraska

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gifford, Kathy; Kropp, Karen

2004-01-01

Nebraska, like many states, is facing a shortage of healthcare workers. As a result of this shortage, the Area Health Education Center was formed and the cities of Kearney and Grand Island were selected to develop and implement a Health Care Sciences program for Nebraska. A team of professionals from government agencies, businesses, and secondary…

Energy Shortage: A Benign Crisis?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Armstrong, Ellis L.

1974-01-01

The energy shortage will have a favorable effect on city revitalizing activities as innovative thinking is applied to city and transportation planning, building design, service and recreational facilities, and sewage treatment. (Author/MF)

A Research Note: A Regional Response to National Concerns in Teacher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hunt, Anne-Marie

2011-01-01

How can tertiary education in regions respond innovatively and collaboratively to issues regarding teacher supply and quality, especially in regions of teacher shortages? This research report focuses on one response. The Rotorua regional primary teaching flexible learning option was established by the Christchurch College of Education (CCE) in…

Perceptions of Stress among Native American and Hispanic K-5 Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lotz-Drlik, Jane Elizabeth

2012-01-01

Within the context of a nationwide shortage of teachers of color, stable enrollment of Native American students, and increasing enrollments of Hispanic students, the purpose of this study was to examine self-reported stress among Native American, Hispanic, and Caucasian K-5 teachers. This was a mixed-methods study, with both quantitative and…

An On-Campus, Off-Campus Model for Native Indian Teacher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Owston, Ronald D.; MacIver, Donald A.

Designed essentially for native paraprofessionals in order to meet a shortage of native teachers, a three-week on and five-week off-campus cycle program for Canadian Indian teacher education at the University of New Brunswick allows students to obtain degrees for teaching certification in four academic years and three summers. The participants…

Strategies to address the nursing shortage in Saudi Arabia.

PubMed

Aboshaiqah, A

2016-09-01

To investigate the nursing shortage in Saudi Arabia and specifically the shortage of Saudi nurses in the healthcare workforce and to propose solutions. Literature published from 1993 to 2013 providing relevant information on the nursing shortage, cultural traditions and beliefs, and nursing education and policies in Saudi was accessed from multiple sources including Medline, CINAHL Plus and Google Scholar and from official Saudi government document and was reviewed. Saudi Arabia depends largely on an expatriate workforce, and this applies to nursing. Saudi Arabia is experiencing a nursing shortage in common with most countries in the world and a shortage of Saudi nationals, especially women, in the healthcare workforce. The world shortage of nursing is extrinsic to Saudi, but intrinsic factors include a poor image of the nursing profession in the country that is exacerbated by cultural factors. With the call for the Saudization of the workforce to replace the imported workforce by Saudi nationals, including nurses, through the 1992 Royal Decree, Saudi Arabia faces a problem in attracting and retaining Saudi nationals in the nursing workforce. Solutions are suggested that are aimed at improving the public image of nursing through education and the use of the media and improvements in the workplace by addressing working processes such as teamwork, ensuring adequate staffing levels and addressing some aspects of culture which may make working in nursing more compatible with being a Saudi national. © 2016 International Council of Nurses.

The nursing shortage: breach of ideology as an unexplored cause.

PubMed

Censullo, Joan L

2008-01-01

The worldwide nursing shortage is unprecedented. Studies show increasing demand for nursing services coupled with a finite nursing supply. Many theories have been developed to explain the nursing shortage, to no avail. One unexplored theory is the psychological contract, which explores the impact of unwritten yet real expectations on work relationships. Understanding breach of the psychological contract is essential to resolution of the ongoing nursing shortage.

Scenarios for Dutch Teacher Education. A Trip to Rome: Coach Bus Company or Travel Agency?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Snoek, Marco

2003-01-01

Stimulated by severe teacher shortages, teacher education in the Netherlands is changing toward competence-based, work- based-, and market-oriented programs. A Dutch scenario project was developed in which four scenarios for the future of teacher education emerged. These scenarios were structured by the freedom of schools to define the type of…

Mental health professional shortage areas in rural Appalachia.

PubMed

Hendryx, Michael

2008-01-01

Research on health disparities in Appalachia has rarely compared Appalachia to other geographic areas in such a way as to isolate possible Appalachian effects. This study tests hypotheses that nonmetropolitan Appalachia will have higher levels of mental health professional shortage areas than other nonmetropolitan areas of the same states, but that these disparities will dissipate when accounting for social and economic differences. The study analyzed secondary data for nonmetropolitan counties (N = 618) in the 13 Appalachian states. Appalachian counties were identified from the Appalachian Regional Commission designations. Mental health professional shortages were identified from Health Resources and Services Administration data. Area Resource File data were used to measure county-level income, education, uninsurance, unemployment, race/ethnicity percentages, and urban influence codes. Logistic regression models tested whether Appalachia was significantly associated with shortage areas, and whether the Appalachian effect persisted after accounting for social and economic covariates. Seventy percent of Appalachian nonmetropolitan counties were mental health professional shortage areas, significantly higher than non-Appalachian, nonmetropolitan counties in the same states. The Appalachian effect did not persist after controlling for the full set of other variables; education and race/ethnicity emerged as significant predictors. Appalachia location is associated with mental health professional shortages, but this effect is driven by underlying social differences, in particular by lower education. This method of identifying Appalachia for comparative purposes may be applied to many other health services research questions and to other defined geographic regions.

Academy for Teacher Excellence: Maximizing Synergy among Partners for Promoting College Access for Latino Teacher Candidates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flores, Belinda Bustos; Claeys, Lorena

2011-01-01

This case study discusses how educational entities collaborate in meaningful ways to address teaching force representation and shortages in critical fields for diverse populations in urban education settings. The authors examined how the role of a federally funded program, Academy for Teacher Excellence (ATE), at a Hispanic Serving Institution in…

Hispanic Teachers' Perspective Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction & Retention in Ohio

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arnold, Tyler German

2017-01-01

The American education system is one in which fewer minorities chose to join the profession according to statistical data. Due to an overwhelming shortage of teachers, school districts are beginning to examine their own teaching ranks and asking what they could do differently in their recruitment and retention of teachers. There are such a…

Why Teacher Leaders Don't Want to Be Principals: Evidence from Arkansas

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hewitt, Paul M.; Pijanowski, John C.; Denny, George S.

2009-01-01

This study investigates why teachers, identified by their school principal as being leaders or having leadership potential, chose not to become school principals. At a time in which the literature is reporting a shortage of qualified applicants for school administrative positions the identified reasons most cited by teacher leaders include…

Health worker shortages in Zambia: an assessment of government responses.

PubMed

Gow, Jeff; George, Gavin; Mutinta, Given; Mwamba, Sylvia; Ingombe, Lutungu

2011-11-01

A dire health worker shortage in Zambia's national health programs is adversely impacting the quantity and quality of health care and posing a serious barrier to achieving Millennium Development Goals to improve population health. In 2005, Zambia's Ministry of Health developed a 10-year strategic plan for human resources for health to address the crisis through improved training, hiring, and retention. The plan has neither arrested nor reduced the shortage. We review the causes of the shortage, present results from a health worker survey showing that safe work conditions, manageable workloads, and career advancement opportunities matter more to respondents than financial compensation. We comment on the adequacy of government efforts to address the health worker shortage.

Maryland Teacher Staffing Report 2016-2018

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maryland State Department of Education, 2016

2016-01-01

The Maryland State Department of Education (MSDE), in conjunction with local school systems (LSS) and institutions of higher education (IHE), has conducted an annual educator supply and demand study since 1986, the original purpose of which was to determine critical teacher shortage areas. Although data are collected annually, since 2008 the…

A critical review of the nursing shortage in Malaysia.

PubMed

Barnett, T; Namasivayam, P; Narudin, D A A

2010-03-01

This paper describes and critically reviews steps taken to address the nursing workforce shortage in Malaysia. To address the shortage and to build health care capacity, Malaysia has more than doubled its nursing workforce over the past decade, primarily through an increase in the domestic supply of new graduates. Government reports, policy documents and ministerial statements were sourced from the Ministry of Health Malaysia website and reviewed and analysed in the context of the scholarly literature published about the health care workforce in Malaysia and more generally about the global nursing shortage. An escalation in student numbers and the unprecedented number of new graduates entering the workforce has been associated with other impacts that have been responded to symptomatically rather than through workplace reform. Whilst growing the domestic supply of nurses is a critical key strategy to address workforce shortages, steps should also be taken to address structural and other problems of the workplace to support both new graduates and the retention of more experienced staff. Nursing shortages should not be tackled by increasing the supply of new graduates alone. The creation of a safe and supportive work environment is important to the long-term success of current measures taken to grow the workforce and retain nurses within the Malaysian health care system.

Impact of Drug Shortages on Health System Pharmacies in the Southeastern United States

PubMed Central

Mehta, Brenna; Bookstaver, P. Brandon; Sims, LaVetra D.; Stevenson, Bill

2015-01-01

Background: Drug shortages have become all too common and affect all aspects of the health care delivery system. The increased number of drug shortages has had a negative impact on patient care as well as costly financial implications. Objectives: This article identifies the current problems and negative outcomes drug shortages have caused and provides a framework for how to best prepare for and combat future shortages. It highlights specific problems faced by health care system pharmacies in the Southeastern United States and the managerial responses to address these shortage situations. Methods: A 34-question, multiple-choice survey was distributed to pharmacy directors in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Results: Of 549 surveys distributed, 219 (40%) responses were received. Respondents reported that drug shortages cause 1% to 5% error rates in hospitals and that 60% of the time drug shortages create unsafe conditions for patients and staff. Many of the respondents reported a 300% to 500% markup on medications on the shortage list. Seventy-six percent of institutions have autosubstitutions for drug shortages that have been preapproved by Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Conclusions: The causes of drug shortages are multifaceted, and the safety and financial implications can be costly. In the short term, health care institutions can utilize pharmacists to assist in circumventing the drug shortage problem. The combined efforts of all health care professionals, the US government, manufacturers, and the lay public are necessary to bring awareness and plausible solutions to the drug shortage problems in the long term. PMID:26448658

What the Research Says about Alternative Teacher Certification Programs. Information Capsule. Volume 1104

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blazer, Christie

2012-01-01

The shortage of qualified teachers across the U.S. has contributed to the popularity of alternative certification programs. These programs are designed to attract individuals into the teaching profession by allowing candidates to become certified without having to complete a traditional teacher education program. This Information Capsule reviewed…

When Districts Encounter Teacher Shortages: The Challenges of Recruiting and Retaining Mathematics Teachers in Urban Districts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Edward; Rosenstein, Joseph G.; Swan, Aubrie E.; Khalil, Deena

2008-01-01

Administrators in six urban districts were interviewed to understand the nature and extent of their problems with recruiting and retaining high quality mathematics teachers. Findings suggest that the math staffing challenge is quite complex, and administrators have had to make difficult compromises because of deficiencies in the quantity and…

How Do We Get Them on the Farm? Efforts to Improve Rural Teacher Recruitment and Retention in Arkansas

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maranto, Robert; Shuls, James V.

2012-01-01

Rural schools, particularly high poverty rural schools, often have difficulty hiring and retaining qualified teachers. Here, we discuss three programs the Arkansas Department of Education has used to attract teachers to teacher Geographic Shortage Districts (GSDs) through material incentives. Unfortunately, none of the programs have had much…

Alternative Teacher Certification--An Update. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Otuya, Ebo

This digest reviews alternative certification on the basis of educational quality and the need to fill teacher shortages. Following a definition of traditional certification, the alternative certification route is described as a process designed to certify candidates who have subject-matter competencies, without going through formal teacher…

The Fabrazyme shortage--a call to action for metabolic physicians.

PubMed

Sirrs, Sandra

2011-01-01

The recent shortages of enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry disease have highlighted areas of vulnerability for patients who require this treatment. Guidelines on allocation of limited stock of enzyme replacement therapy are of use for clinicians dealing with the current shortages. However, the community of metabolic physicians must advocate for changes that will minimize the impact of future drug shortages for their patients with lysosomal storage diseases. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Defining Primary Care Shortage Areas: Do GIS-based Measures Yield Different Results?

PubMed

Daly, Michael R; Mellor, Jennifer M; Millones, Marco

2018-02-12

To examine whether geographic information systems (GIS)-based physician-to-population ratios (PPRs) yield determinations of geographic primary care shortage areas that differ from those based on bounded-area PPRs like those used in the Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA) designation process. We used geocoded data on primary care physician (PCP) locations and census block population counts from 1 US state to construct 2 shortage area indicators. The first is a bounded-area shortage indicator defined without GIS methods; the second is a GIS-based measure that measures the populations' spatial proximity to PCP locations. We examined agreement and disagreement between bounded shortage areas and GIS-based shortage areas. Bounded shortage area indicators and GIS-based shortage area indicators agree for the census blocks where the vast majority of our study populations reside. Specifically, 95% and 98% of the populations in our full and urban samples, respectively, reside in census blocks where the 2 indicators agree. Although agreement is generally high in rural areas (ie, 87% of the rural population reside in census blocks where the 2 indicators agree), agreement is significantly lower compared to urban areas. One source of disagreement suggests that bounded-area measures may "overlook" some shortages in rural areas; however, other aspects of the HPSA designation process likely mitigate this concern. Another source of disagreement arises from the border-crossing problem, and it is more prevalent. The GIS-based PPRs we employed would yield shortage area determinations that are similar to those based on bounded-area PPRs defined for Primary Care Service Areas. Disagreement rates were lower than previous studies have found. © 2018 National Rural Health Association.

Editor's Corner: The View from Treeline....Personal Observations Regarding Teacher Recruitment, Training, and Retention.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kopriva, Peter

1989-01-01

This editorial briefly explores issues in special education focusing on: teacher shortages; use of alternative certification; the need for teaching candidates to have knowledge of teaching strategies, classroom management, course planning, and student evaluation; and the need to offer support and guidance to beginning teachers. (JDD)

Global Village versus Culture Shock: The Recruitment and Preparation of Foreign Teachers for U. S. Urban Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dunn, Alyssa Hadley

2011-01-01

Though international teachers have been present in U.S. schools for decades, their recruitment for urban schools as a response to the supposed teacher shortage is a relatively new phenomenon with little research to support it. This study examines international teachers' recruitment and preparation for urban environments. Informed by classroom…

Special Education Teacher Burnout and ACT

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Emery, Debra W.; Vandenberg, Brian

2010-01-01

Special educators are a high risk group, prone to low job satisfaction, low self-efficacy, and increased stress and burnout. The attrition rate of special educators is particularly high, contributing to an overall shortage of qualified teachers throughout the United States. While the problems of special educators are widely discussed in the…

An Exploratory Study of Distinguishing Challenges Faced by Mid-Life Teacher Candidates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tanksley, James F.

2012-01-01

The United States public education system is facing a possible shortage of several hundred thousand teachers over the next decade. To overcome the projected shortfall in teacher supply, schools of education of state university and college systems may need to look to the fastest growing segment of the college student population, the non-traditional…

Why Do They Want to Teach? The Multiple Reasons of Different Groups of Students for Undertaking Teacher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Struyven, Katrien; Jacobs, Karen; Dochy, Filip

2013-01-01

In times of teacher shortage, well-considered, goal-oriented teacher recruitment is important. An understanding of the reasons why different groups of students undertake teacher training would be useful in developing targeted campaigns. Against this background, the research question is as follows: what are the motivations prompting students to…

Medicine shortages in Australia: causes, impact and management strategies in the community setting.

PubMed

Tan, Yee Xi; Moles, Rebekah J; Chaar, Betty B

2016-10-01

Background Medicine shortages are an ongoing global problem. The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) dedicated a website for monitoring of medicine shortages in Australia in May 2014, as part of the Medicine Shortage Information Initiative. This study aimed to explore the views of pharmacists regarding medicine shortages in the community setting and the impact of the TGA website in Australia. Setting Community pharmacies in New South Wales, Australia. Method Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with community pharmacists. Data collected were analysed thematically utilising the framework analysis method. Main outcome measure Qualitative analysis conducted using the framework approach. Results Findings clearly indicated that medicine shortages were experienced on a regular basis, but most participants were unaware of the TGA website. Medicine shortages reportedly impacted both pharmacists and consumers; and various workarounds were undertaken to manage the issue. The "price disclosure policy" was found to be a prominent contributing factor in emerging shortages. Suggestions were made for ways to improve the growing occurrence of shortages. Conclusion Overall, the study found that there was a lack of familiarity with the TGA website, despite experiencing regular shortages of medicines in practice. Also highlighted, was the importance of pharmacists prioritising patient care over business decisions. To reduce prescribing of out-of-stock medicines notifying doctors about shortages was also considered important, to allow for early action to be taken at higher levels of the supply chain. Findings of this study may help direct future policy-making around the world, as medicine shortages is a problem shared by healthcare providers in most countries around the world.

Ethical framework for resource allocation during a drug supply shortage.

PubMed

Gibson, Jennifer L; Bean, Sally; Chidwick, Paula; Godkin, Dianne; Sibbald, Robert W; Wagner, Frank

2012-01-01

Drug supply shortages are common in health systems due to manufacturing and other delays. Frequently, shortages are successfully addressed through conservation and redistribution efforts, with limited impact on patient care. However, when Sandoz Canada Inc. announced in February 2012 that it was reducing production of a number of generic injectable drugs at its Quebec facility, the scope and magnitude of the drug supply shortage were unprecedented in Canada. The potential for an extreme scarcity of some drugs raised ethical concerns about patient care, including the need to limit access to some health services. In this article, the authors describe the development and implementation of an ethical framework to promote equitable access to drugs and healthcare services in the context of a drug supply shortage within and across health systems.

Medical students and physical education students as CPR instructors: an appropriate solution to the CPR-instructor shortage in secondary schools?

PubMed

Cuijpers, P J P M; Bookelman, G; Kicken, W; de Vries, W; Gorgels, A P M

2016-07-01

Integrating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in secondary schools will increase the number of potential CPR providers. However, currently too few certified instructors are available for this purpose. Training medical students and physical education student teachers to become CPR instructors could decrease this shortage. Examine whether medical students and physical education student teachers can provide CPR training for secondary school pupils as well as (i. e., non-inferior to) registered nurses. A total of 144 secondary school pupils were randomly assigned to CPR training by a registered nurse (n = 12), a  medical student (n = 17) or a physical education student teacher (n = 15). CPR performance was assessed after training and after eight weeks in a simulated cardiac arrest scenario on a resuscitation manikin, using manikin software and video recordings. No significant differences were found between the groups on the overall Cardiff Test scores and the correctness of the CPR techniques during the post-training and retention test. All pupils showed sufficient CPR competence, even after eight weeks. Training by medical students or physical education student teachers is non-inferior to training by a registered nurse, suggesting that school teachers, student teachers and medical students can be recruited for CPR training in secondary schools.

Transitions into and out of Teaching: A Longitudinal Analysis of Early Career Teacher Turnover

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perda, David

2013-01-01

There is widespread agreement among researchers and educators that teachers contribute to student learning (Darling-Hammond, 2002; Darling-Hammond; 2005; Ferguson, 1998; Goldhaber, 2003; Palardy and Rumberger, 2008; Rivkin, Hanushek, and Kain, 2005; Wright, Horn, and Sanders, 1997). In the face of teacher shortages and turnover, especially in hard…

Looking under the Bushels: Schools Still Applying Local Solutions to National Teacher Recruitment Problem.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Traviss, Sister Mary Peter

2001-01-01

Discusses the national teacher shortage in Catholic schools. Reports findings from a survey of Catholic school superintendents conducted by the Chief Administrators of Catholic Education. Found that the most effective recruitment efforts were schools seeking teachers from within local communities through parish bulletins and word of mouth. (CJW)

Minority Teachers as Change Agents in the People's Republic of China

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, MaryJo Benton; Kayongo-Male, Diane

2017-01-01

China is becoming an increasingly polarized society, in large part due to the inaccessibility of basic education for minority children. Schools can be vehicles for social change and community building, and teachers can be agents of transformation and hope. The PRC, however, is experiencing a critical shortage of trained teachers willing to serve…

Results of the Salish Projects: Summary and Implications for Science Teacher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yager, Robert E.; Simmons, Patricia

2013-01-01

Science teaching and teacher education in the U.S.A. have been of great national interest recently due to a severe shortage of science (and mathematics) teachers who do not hold strong qualifications in their fields of study. Unfortunately we lack a rigorous research base that helps inform solid practices about various models or elements of…

New Report Predicts Shortage of Geoscientists in the Workforce

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wendel, JoAnna

2014-06-01

By the end of the next decade, there may be a shortage of 135,000 geoscientists in the workforce, according to a report issued by the American Geosciences Institute on 29 May. This shortage is predicted despite rising enrollment in the geosciences and rising salaries for students graduating with bachelor's, master's, and doctorate degrees.

An analysis of news flow on the nation's nurse shortage.

PubMed

Kalisch, B J; Kalisch, P A; Clinton, J

1981-09-01

Using data from national newspaper clipping services, this article analyzes characteristics of 1978 news coverage of the nation's nurse shortage. Based on a content analysis of nearly 3,000 newspaper articles, findings revealed that 14 per cent of the articles mentioned problems of nurse supply. Articles on nurse shortage were most frequent in the Pacific, Mid-Atlantic and South-Atlantic states and occurred least in the West-North Central and East-South Central states. Articles mentioning nurse shortage were more frequently placed on page 1, associated with clinical nursing in hospital settings and explained as the result of maldistribution of nurses, poor salaries, deficient working conditions and lack of job satisfaction. The reading public was confronted with three major consequences of current and continued shortages in nursing: 1) decline in the availability and diversity of health services; 2) erosion in the quality of care offered the public and jeopardized patient welfare; and 3) escalating health care costs. Solutions to the nurse shortage appear to be closely tied to further expansion of the issue among the public, the initiation of remedial governmental action and timely relocation of scarce resources within the health care industry.

The Perils of Being a Male Primary/Junior Teacher: Vulnerability and Accusations of Inappropriate Contact with Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parr, Michael; Gosse, Douglas

2011-01-01

There is a perceived shortage of male teachers in education, particularly at the primary/junior (P/J) level where male teachers in Canada account for a dwindling minority. Included among the many factors inhibiting males from becoming P/J teachers are perceptions that males might be unduly vulnerable to false accusations of inappropriate conduct…

A Promising Solution to Teacher Recruitment Woes. F.E.A. Research and Policy Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Storm, Jeanne

2008-01-01

One of the most pressing challenges in public education today is the recruitment and retention of high quality teachers for America's schools. Research shows teacher shortages exist nationwide but vary by geographic area, content area, demographics, and individual schools. In a recent study of the Future Educators Association[R] (FEA) initiative…

Relationships between Teacher Efficacy and Job Satisfaction among Novice and Experienced Secondary Agricultural Educators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Epps, Rebekah B.; Foor, Ryan M.

2015-01-01

The teacher shortage in the United States is a continuous problem for the American education system. Maintaining a high level of job satisfaction of teachers is an important goal for administrators, superintendents, and school systems. Employees who are more satisfied are generally more productive and committed to the profession. Beliefs in…

An Alternative Graduate Teacher Inclusive Preparation Programme in Early Childhood Education: A Collaboration Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gelfer, Jeffrey I.; Krasch, Delilah J.; O'Hara, Kathleen S.

2015-01-01

Teacher shortages are a pervasive global issue that is expected to continue, especially in low-performing, high-needs schools [O'Connor, E. A., Malow, M. S., & Bisland, B. M. (2011). Mentorship and instruction received during training: Views of alternatively certified teachers. "Educational Review," 63(2), 219-232]. In an effort to…

Factors Influencing Teachers' Use of Multimedia Enhanced Content in Secondary Schools in Tanzania

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mtebe, Joel S.; Mbwilo, Betty; Kissaka, Mussa M.

2016-01-01

Tanzania is faced with a severe shortage of qualified in-service school science and mathematics teachers. While science and mathematics account for 46% of the curriculum, only 28% of teachers are qualified to teach these subjects. In order to overcome this challenge, the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVT) implemented a project…

Drug shortages in Israel: regulatory perspectives, challenges and solutions.

PubMed

Schwartzberg, Eyal; Ainbinder, Denize; Vishkauzan, Alla; Gamzu, Ronni

2017-01-01

Pharmaceutical drug shortages (DSs) are a global problem which presents challenges to countries around the world. Shortages of pharmaceutical products may have a direct detrimental impact on public health and patients' wellbeing by causing delayed, or even lack of, treatment. Moreover, DSs may force both patients and caregivers to use unfamiliar drugs, which could lead to medication errors. The objective of our study was to analyze DSs in Israel during the years 2013-2015, assessing their etiology and exploring the steps taken for their mitigation and prevention. The database of the Israeli Ministry of Health (MoH) on drug shortages contains all the DSs recorded in Israel since 2013, detailing the cause of the DS, its duration, steps taken in its' management and the availability of generic or therapeutic alternatives. Selected examples of DSs from the database are described in this paper in order to identify the causes of DSs, the scope of the problem and possible solutions. Additionally, we have reviewed the recent activities performed by European Medicine Agency (EMA) and the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in their efforts to minimize this problem. Several factors contributing towards DSs in Israel were identified, including quality problems in both the final drug product and in the raw materials, upgrades and improvements of the manufacturing process required by the MoH, manufacturing by a sole supplier, dramatic price decrease in off-patent medications causing the manufacturer to discontinue the distribution of the product in Israel, just-in-time inventory control, and others. One of the most important steps in managing drug shortages was identified to be early notification of the shortage by the Marketing Authorization Holder (MAH) to the MoH. In 2013, the Israeli MoH updated the regulation on drug shortages instructing MAHs on their obligation of early notification to the MoH. Furthermore, various steps dealing with marketing withdrawal of drugs

Intuitive Thinking and Misconceptions of Independent Events: A Case Study of US and French Pre-Service Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nabbout-Cheiban, Marie

2017-01-01

In this article we study the conceptions of an American and a French group of undergraduate pre-service teachers regarding the concept of independent events. Specifically, we study the role that intuition plays in their answers, ascertain the presence of probabilistic biases, and compare the findings with previous results collected on a different…

A Collaborative Program To Prepare Mainstream Teachers: Using Peer Supervision by General and Special Educators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ludlow, Barbara L.; Wienke, Wilfred D.; Henderson, Joan; Klein, Holly

As increasing numbers of students with disabilities are placed in regular classrooms, the shortage of rural special educators means that many rural classroom teachers are the primary providers of individualized programming to meet special needs. Since 1994, West Virginia University has been expanding its existing teacher education programs to…

Tseunis Transformative Teacher Induction Plan, T3IP: TTTIPing the Scale in Favor of Reform

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tseunis, Paula

2011-01-01

Facing a teacher shortage in math, science, and language arts secondary courses, a suburban, unified, K-12 district partnered with a university in the southwest to create a program for alternatively certified teachers. This specialized program permitted candidates to teach with an intern certificate while completing university coursework leading…

Exploring the Special Education versus Regular Education Decisions of Future Teachers in the Rural Midwest

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeSutter, Keri L.; Lemire, Steven Dale

2016-01-01

Persistent shortages of special education teachers, particularly in rural areas, exist across the country. This study assessed the openness of teacher candidates enrolled in an introductory education course at two rural Midwest universities to a special education career path. Survey findings confirmed that work or volunteer experience involving…

A Quantitative Study of the Effectiveness of Teacher Recruitment Strategies in a Rural Midwestern State

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kane, Rose Etta

2010-01-01

A problem in American education is that rural schools have difficulty recruiting licensed teachers. Teacher shortages in mathematics, science, foreign language, and special education are more acute in rural areas. The purpose of this quantitative descriptive survey study was to examine specific recruiting strategies and newly hired licensed…

An Organizational and Task Perspective Model Aimed at Enhancing Teachers' Professional Development and Occupational Expertise

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evers, Arnoud T.; Kreijns, Karel; Van der Heijden, Beatrice I. J. M.; Gerrichhauzen, John T. G.

2011-01-01

Currently, many countries, including the Netherlands, are "plagued" by severe, both quantitative and qualitative, teacher shortages that are even expected to increase in the years to come. Teachers' occupational development, therefore, has become an important issue on the research agenda of the respective countries. It is essential to…

Family and Consumer Sciences Teacher Education: Not for Women Only.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Werhan, Carol

2002-01-01

Discusses the anticipated shortage of teachers in elementary education and family and consumer sciences and the need to recruit men into these positions. Discusses gender stereotypes and other barriers for men in nontraditional teaching fields. (Contains 20 references.) (JOW)

Insights from a Subject Knowledge Enhancement Course for Preparing New Chemistry and Physics Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Inglis, Michael; Mallaburn, Andrea; Tynan, Richard; Clays, Ken; Jones, Robert Bryn

2013-01-01

A recent Government response to shortages of new physics and chemistry teachers is the extended subject knowledge enhancement (SKE) course. Graduates without a physics or chemistry bachelor degree are prepared by an SKE course to enter a Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) programme to become science teachers with a physics or chemistry…

An Analysis of Persistence Factors of 2+2 University Center Teacher Education Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bilbro-Berry, Laura

2013-01-01

The issue of teacher shortages across the state and nation, especially in rural areas, is a complex one. The disparity between the number of teachers produced and what is needed to fill classrooms across the nation in states where student populations are growing is exacerbated by issues of attrition of current educators. Mandates for production of…

Can state-supported interprofessional coalitions cure preceptor shortages?

PubMed

Woodall, Lesli; Smith, Gigi; Garr, David; Hopla, Deborah; Kern, Donna

2018-06-01

The shortage of clinical preceptors compromises the current and future supply of healthcare providers and patient access to primary care. This article describes how an interprofessional coalition in South Carolina formed and sought government support to address the preceptor shortage. Some states have legislated preceptor tax credits and/or deductions to support the clinical education of future primary care healthcare providers. As a result of the coalition's work, a bill to establish similar incentives is pending in the South Carolina legislature.

No Certification, No Training...No Problem: The Influence of Formative Beliefs and Learning Experiences in the Instructional Practice of New Independent School Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Derick Graham

2012-01-01

This study sought to answer the question: "To what extent do prior beliefs about and experiences of teaching and learning influence the instructional practices of new independent school teachers," who are generally not required to have any formal pedagogical training or hold teacher certification prior to beginning full-time employment.…

Standards for the Language Competence of French Immersion Teachers: Is There a Danger of Erosion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Veilleux, Ingrid; Bournot-Trites, Monique

2005-01-01

We examined standards used by Canadian universities and British Columbia school districts to verify the language competence of French Immersion (FI) teachers in a time of shortage, confirmed by 56 per cent of school districts surveyed. Parents and Directors of Human Resources agreed on their minimum expectations about French teachers'…

Increasing Student Access to Qualified Science and Mathematics Teachers through an Urban School-University Partnership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cavallo, Ann M. L.; Ferreira, Maria M.; Roberts, Sally K.

2005-01-01

Urban schools across the United States face a pervasive problem in their science and mathematics programs-a disproportionate number of the teachers in these classrooms are not certified, thus making them underqualified to teach these subject areas. Furthermore, urban schools deal with teacher shortages and attrition in these critical areas. The…

Compassion Fatigue among Secondary Special Education Teachers: A Case Study about Job Stress and Burnout

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Kimberly C.; Palladino, John M.

2011-01-01

In an age with increased teacher preparation requirements, and ever-growing student populations, a great need exists to adequately train and retain highly qualified special education teachers. Special Education is a profession that has long been plagued by shortages of qualified personnel. Many factors contribute to the shortfall of educators in…

Independent Teacher Education Programs: Apocryphal Claims, Illusory Evidence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zeichner, Ken

2016-01-01

Teacher education provided in U.S. colleges and universities has been routinely criticized since its inception in the early nineteenth century. These programs are uneven in quality and can be improved. Advocacy groups and self-proclaimed social entrepreneurs are working aggressively to deregulate the preparation of teachers and to expand…

Struggling for the Soul. The Politics of Schooling and the Construction of the Teacher.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Popkewitz, Thomas S.

This book presents information from a study of Teach for America, an alternative teacher education program that recruits and trains people with degrees in fields other than education to work in urban and rural schools with chronic teacher shortages, poverty, and minority students. The book is an effort to understand how different discourses of…

AACJC/Metropolitan Life Foundation Registered Nurse Shortage Project: Status Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKenney, James F.

The American Association of Community and Junior Colleges's Nurse Shortage Project was designed to alleviate the nurse shortage by helping community colleges improve recruitment, retention, and graduation in nursing programs through direct mini-grants, with a special emphasis on Tech Prep/Associate Degree initiatives between secondary schools and…

Independence Pending: Teacher Behaviors Preceding Learner Problem Solving

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roesler, Rebecca A.

2017-01-01

The purposes of the present study were to identify the teacher behaviors that preceded learners' active participation in solving musical and technical problems and describe learners' roles in the problem-solving process. I applied an original model of problem solving to describe the behaviors of teachers and students in 161 rehearsal frames…

Encouraged or Discouraged? Women Teacher Leaders Becoming Principals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adams, Kathy L.; Hambright, W. Grant

2004-01-01

This article discusses the lack of female teachers in leadership positions. In 1988, The National Association of Elementary School Principals (NAESP) and the National Association of Secondary School Principals (NASSP) commissioned a study to address the administrator shortage. They found that the top three reasons candidates gave for not applying…

The Search for Specialists and Managers. Staff Shortage in Germany.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stahl, Klaus, Ed.

1999-01-01

Despite its high unemployment level, Germany is experiencing a shortage of specialists and managers. Germany's need for highly qualified information technology (IT) workers and engineers is particularly great. Approximately 10,000 posts for computer scientists and IT specialists remained vacant in 1998. Because of the shortage of such specialists,…

78 FR 44459 - Designation of Health Professional(s) Shortage Areas

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-24

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service 42 CFR Part 5 Designation of Health Professional(s) Shortage Areas CFR Correction 0 In Title 42 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 1 to 399... the phrase ``as having a mental health professional(s)'', insert the word ``shortage'' before the...

Robert Noyce Mathematics and Science Teacher Preparation and Retention at Two California State University Campuses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arvizu, Jaime

2013-01-01

There is a persistent and growing shortage in the supply of "highly qualified" future science and mathematics teachers in the nation's classrooms. As a consequence, as many as 53% science and 23% math students take classes from teachers who are teaching out-of-field. Currently, there are many established programs that provide incentives…

The future of the nurse shortage: will wage increases close the gap?

PubMed

Spetz, Joanne; Given, Ruth

2003-01-01

In recent years the U.S. media have been reporting a shortage of registered nurses (RNs). In theory, labor-market shortages are self-correcting; wage increases will bring labor markets into equilibrium, and policy intervention is not necessary. In this paper we develop a simple forecasting model and ask the question: How high must RN wages rise in the future to end the RN shortage? We find that inflation-adjusted wages must increase 3.2-3.8 percent per year between 2002 and 2016, with wages cumulatively rising up to 69 percent, to end the shortage. Total RN expenditures would more than double by 2016.

The Effects of Formalism on Teacher Trainees' Algebraic and Geometric Interpretation of the Notions of Linear Dependency/Independency

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ertekin, E.; Solak, S.; Yazici, E.

2010-01-01

The aim of this study is to identify the effects of formalism in teaching on primary and secondary school mathematics teacher trainees' algebraic and geometric interpretations of the notions of linear dependency/independency. Quantitative research methods are drawn in order to determine differences in success levels between algebraic and geometric…

The social impacts of the energy shortage, behavioral and attitude shifts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-09-01

An analysis of the social impacts of the energy shortage; specifically, an : analysis of shifts in social behavior, or trip-making characteristics, and : shifts in social attitudes towards the energy shortage and conservation policies, : Data were ob...

Male Teachers as Role Models: Addressing Issues of Masculinity, Pedagogy and the Re-Masculinization of Schooling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martino, Wayne John

2008-01-01

This article focuses on the call for more male teachers as role models in elementary schools and treats it as a manifestation of "recuperative masculinity politics" ( Lingard & Douglas, 1999). Attention is drawn to the problematic gap between neo-liberal educational policy-related discussions about male teacher shortage in elementary schools and…

Does Teaching Experience Matter? Examining Biology Teachers' Prior Knowledge for Teaching in an Alternative Certification Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Friedrichsen, Patricia J.; Abell, Sandra K.; Pareja, Enrique M.; Brown, Patrick L.; Lankford, Deanna M.; Volkmann, Mark J.

2009-01-01

Alternative certification programs (ACPs) have been proposed as a viable way to address teacher shortages, yet we know little about how teacher knowledge develops within such programs. The purpose of this study was to investigate prior knowledge for teaching among students entering an ACP, comparing individuals with teaching experience to those…

Alternative Certification and Retention of Secondary Math and Science Teachers: A Study Based on "SASS/TFS"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tai, Robert H.; Liu, Christine Qi; Fan, Xiato

2006-01-01

In light of shortages of mathematics and science teachers, alternative certification was introduced in the mid-1980s. This study examined the effect of alternative certification among math and science teachers who moved to a different school or left the profession. This was accomplished using the national "SASS" and "TFS"…

Republication of "NCLB and the Demand for Highly Qualified Teachers: Challenges and Solutions for Rural Schools"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brownell, Mary T.; Bishop, Anne M.; Sindelar, Paul T.

2018-01-01

Teacher shortages in special education have been a source of long-standing concern for professionals and parents involved in the education of students with disabilities. Because of their geographic location, culture, and lack of resources, rural administrators have always struggled to staff their schools with qualified special education teachers.…

Skill Shortages in the Trades during Economic Downturns. Occasional Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oliver, Damian

2011-01-01

During the recent economic downturn, media and industry reports of skill shortages in the trades continued to appear. The intent of this paper is to examine the evidence for skill shortages in the trades persisting during the economic downturns over the last 20 years, using various indicators. These include employment growth, vacancy rates,…

Dual job holding general practitioners: the effect of patient shortage.

PubMed

Godager, Geir; Lurås, Hilde

2009-10-01

In 2001, a listpatient system with capitation payment was introduced in Norwegian general practice. After an allocation process where each inhabitant was listed with a general practitioner (GP), a considerable share of the GPs got fewer persons listed than they would have preferred. We examine whether GPs who experience a shortage of patients to a larger extent than other GPs seek to hold a second job in the community health service even though the wage rate is low compared with the wage rate in general practice. Assuming utility maximization, we model the effect of patient shortage on a GP's decision to contract for a second job in the community health service. The model predicts a positive relationship between patient shortage and participation in the community health service. This prediction is tested by means of censored regression analyses, taking account of labour supply as a censored variable. We find a significant effect of patient shortage on the number of hours the GPs supply to community health service. The estimated marginal effect is 1.72 hours per week.

Houston, We Have a Problem: Studying the SAS Education Value-Added Assessment System (EVAAS) from Teachers' Perspectives in the Houston Independent School District (HISD)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Collins, Clarin

2012-01-01

This study examined the intended and unintended consequences associated with the Education Value-Added Assessment System (EVAAS) as perceived and experienced by teachers in the Houston Independent School District (HISD). To evaluate teacher effectiveness, HISD is using EVAAS for high-stakes consequences more than any other district or state in the…

Skill shortages in health: innovative solutions using vocational education and training.

PubMed

Kilpatrick, S I; Johns, S S; Millar, P; Le, Q; Routley, G

2007-01-01

This article reports findings of a project funded by the Australian National Council for Vocational Education Research. The project explores solutions to current and projected skills shortages within the health and community services sector, from a vocational education and training perspective. Its purpose is to locate, analyse and disseminate information about innovative models of health training and service delivery that have been developed in response to skill shortages. The article begins with a brief overview of Australian statistics and literature on the structure of the national health workforce and perceived skill shortages. The impact of location (state and rurality), demographics of the workforce, and other relevant factors, on health skill shortages is examined. Drawing on a synthesis of the Australian and international literature on innovative and effective models for addressing health skill shortages and nominations by key stakeholders within the health sector, over 70 models were identified. The models represent a mixture of innovative service delivery models and training solutions from Australia, as well as international examples that could be transposed to the Australian context. They include the skill ecosystem approach facilitated by the Australian National Training Authority Skill Ecosystem Project. Models were selected to represent diversity in terms of the nature of skill shortage addressed, barriers overcome in development of the model, healthcare specialisations, and different customer groups. Key barriers to the development of innovative solutions to skills shortages identified were: policy that is not sufficiently flexible to accommodate changing workplace needs; unwillingness to risk take in order to develop new models; delays in gaining endorsement/accreditation; current vocational education and training (VET) monitoring and reporting systems; issues related to working in partnership, including different cultures, ways of operating

Discovering the Needs Assessment of Qualified STEM Teachers for the High-Need Schools in South Texas

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yang, Jeong; Lee, Young; Park, Sung; Wong-Ratcliff, Monica; Ahangar, Reza; Mundy, Marie-Anne

2015-01-01

Concerns are arising in the United States that a majority of secondary school students fail to achieve mathematics and science proficiency due to teachers who lack adequate knowledge of the subjects. The concerns over shortages of mathematics and science teachers have also reached new heights. In Texas high schools, the teaching areas in…

Independence May Feel Strange

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meyer, Joerg M.

2017-01-01

Stochastic independence is not an easy notion. Because it is part of the probability structure, it can have some surprising non-properties, which is beneficial for teachers and students to see illustrated. Neither is the relationship to causal independence an easy one.

The Impact of a Shortage of Pharmacy-Prepared Ephedrine Syringes on Intraoperative Medication Use.

PubMed

Ladha, Karim S; Nanji, Karen C; Pierce, Eric; Poon, K Trudy; Hyder, Joseph A

2015-08-01

Anesthesia-related medication shortages have become increasingly common in the United States. We tested whether a local shortage of pharmacy-prepared ephedrine syringes, replaced by provider-prepared ephedrine, was associated with provider-level changes in ephedrine and phenylephrine use and patient-level changes in intraoperative hemodynamics. Consecutive patients undergoing general and orthopedic surgery at a tertiary care center were included 1 month before and 1 month after the start of the pharmacy-prepared ephedrine syringe shortage. Lowest mean arterial blood pressure and slowest heart rate were obtained as measures of hemodynamics. Adjusted associations were tested using mixed-effects regression with repeated measures. Three hundred four patients before the shortage and 298 patients after the shortage began were included. The administration of at least 1 bolus of ephedrine was significantly more common before versus during the shortage (148/304 [48.7]% vs 117/298 [39.3]%; P = 0.0199). After adjusting for age, sex, ASA physical status, surgery type, anesthesia provider, and operative duration, patients were significantly less likely to receive ephedrine during the shortage (relative risk [RR] = 0.78 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.61-0.96]; P = 0.0198) and more likely to receive a phenylephrine bolus (RR = 1.27 [95% CI, 1.02-1.51]; P = 0.0357). Patient hemodynamics assessed by slowest heart rate or lowest mean arterial blood pressure did not differ significantly during the shortage. There was an alteration in medication administration patterns during a shortage of pharmacy-prepared syringes. Changes in ephedrine and phenylephrine use were noted; however, patient hemodynamics remained comparable. Provider use patterns were sensitive even to a relative and not absolute medication shortage as observed in this study.

Organ shortage: the greatest challenge facing transplant medicine.

PubMed

Shafran, David; Kodish, Eric; Tzakis, Andreas

2014-07-01

The success of organ transplantation as a treatment for end-stage organ disease has yielded a series of ethical quandaries originating from the issue of organ shortage. Scarcity of organs for transplantation necessitates formulation of just and fair allocation policies as well as ethically viable solutions to bridging the vast gap between organ supply and demand. The concept of "triage" provides a useful paradigm in which to contextualize the organ shortage issue. This entails subjugating the welfare of the individual patient for the benefit of the wider community as an ethically justified response to the challenge of scarcity.

Teachers in Elementary and Secondary Education. Historical Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Center for Education Statistics (ED/OERI), Washington, DC.

Information presented in this report is based on responses from school and district administrators to a survey of existing teacher demand and shortages in elementary and secondary schools during the 1983-84 school year. The survey instrument consisted of three parts, each of which collected a different type of data: (1) "head counts" for the…

A Microeconomic Model of the Personnel Shortage in Public Rehabilitation Agencies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schultz, Jared C.; Millington, Michael J.

2007-01-01

There is a well-documented, growing shortage of rehabilitation counseling professionals in the public sector. Using microeconomics principles, a theoretical model is offered to account for the personnel shortage and propose potential solutions to recruit and retain rehabilitation counselors in the public sector. Suggestions for rehabilitation…

Army Distance Learning: Potential for Reducing Shortages in Army Enlisted Occupations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shanley, Michael G.; Leonard, Henry A.; Winkler, John D.

The potential of distance learning (DL) to expedite the U.S. Army's efforts to redress personnel shortages in Army enlisted occupations was studied by evaluating how DL-based training strategies might affect skill shortages in the following occupations: helicopter repairer; electronic switching system operator; microwave systems…

Promoting teacher quality and retention in special education.

PubMed

Billingsley, Bonnie S

2004-01-01

Qualified special educators are needed to carry out research-based practices in schools. The shortage of special educators, the high numbers of uncertified teachers, and high attrition rates threaten the practice of science in the schoolhouse and, consequently, the education that students with disabilities receive. If teachers are to use research-based practices to benefit students with disabilities, care must be directed toward teachers, what they do, and the complex conditions in which their practice occurs. In this discussion, I focus on four factors that are important to special education teacher retention--responsive induction programs, deliberate role design, positive work conditions and supports, and professional development. These retention-enhancing factors also serve to cultivate qualified special educators by providing the conditions in which they can thrive and grow professionally.

Reframing the Australian nurse teacher competencies: do they reflect the 'REAL' world of nurse teacher practice?

PubMed

Guy, Jacqui; Taylor, Christine; Roden, Janet; Blundell, Jennifer; Tolhurst, Gerda

2011-04-01

The Australian nurse teacher competencies were introduced in 1996; however, the researchers perceived that changes to the health care system and a nursing workforce shortage may have affected nurse teacher roles over the past decade. This study aimed to explore perceptions of nurse teachers on the applicability of the current Australian nurse teacher competencies to practice, and modify the nurse teacher competencies to better reflect current practice. Methodology utilized mixed methods, and data collection was via focus groups, telephone interviews, and survey data. Results revealed that participants were mostly positive about the original competency statements, although there were some variations between items. Themes that emerged from the qualitative data were: changing trends in health care; preparation for teaching; understanding of the competencies, contextual influences on education role; nurse teachers as change agents, and resource management. Conclusions were that the Australian nurse teacher competencies (1996) were reflective of the current generic roles of nurse teachers however some of the competencies needed reframing to meet the current needs of nurse teachers. However, changes needed to be made in areas such as reducing complex language, inclusion of technology, and cultural competencies. Nurse teachers were supportive of the research because they valued the teacher competencies for reflection on their practice and the development of portfolios, job descriptions and performance appraisals. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Financial Energy Conservation Projects at Independent Colleges and Universities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morrell, L. R.

1981-01-01

Factors affecting financial decisions for energy conservation projects at independent colleges and universities and methods that may be used when making a financial investment decision are examined, along with sources of funding for the projects. Projects that result in the conservation of energy resources might, in a time of extreme shortages,…

French Second Language Teacher Education and Continuing Professional Development in Canada: The Roles of Smaller Universities and Related Institutions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heffernan, Peter J.

1991-01-01

Discusses teacher shortages in French language instruction areas in Canada, both core and immersion; the rationalization of programs; staffing and financial support among Alberta's tertiary education; language teacher preparation; and continuing professional development. Suggestions are made as to how a smaller university can better fulfill its…

Forecasting the global shortage of physicians: an economic- and needs-based approach

PubMed Central

Liu, Jenny X; Kinfu, Yohannes; Dal Poz, Mario R

2008-01-01

Abstract Objective Global achievements in health may be limited by critical shortages of health-care workers. To help guide workforce policy, we estimate the future demand for, need for and supply of physicians, by WHO region, to determine where likely shortages will occur by 2015, the target date of the Millennium Development Goals. Methods Using World Bank and WHO data on physicians per capita from 1980 to 2001 for 158 countries, we employ two modelling approaches for estimating the future global requirement for physicians. A needs-based model determines the number of physicians per capita required to achieve 80% coverage of live births by a skilled health-care attendant. In contrast, our economic model identifies the number of physicians per capita that are likely to be demanded, given each country’s economic growth. These estimates are compared to the future supply of physicians projected by extrapolating the historical rate of increase in physicians per capita for each country. Findings By 2015, the global supply of physicians appears to be in balance with projected economic demand. Because our measure of need reflects the minimum level of workforce density required to provide a basic health service that is met in all but the least developed countries, the needs-based estimates predict a global surplus of physicians. However, on a regional basis, both models predict shortages for many countries in the WHO African Region in 2015, with some countries experiencing a needs-based shortage, a demand-based shortage, or both. Conclusion The type of policy intervention needed to alleviate projected shortages, such as increasing health-care training or adopting measures to discourage migration, depends on the type of shortage projected. PMID:18670663

Perspectives from Pre-Service Mathematics and Science Teachers in an Urban Residency Program: Characteristics of Effective Mentors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garza, Rubén; Harter, Rod A.

2016-01-01

The purpose of our study was to examine mathematics and science pre-service teachers' perceptions of their mentoring experiences during their 1st year in the Teaching Residency Program for Critical Shortage Areas, an initiative designed to recruit, prepare, and retain teachers for high-need urban schools. Results from this mixed-methods study…

Teachers Education Development in the Arab Gulf States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rasheed, Mohammed A.

In the first section of this paper, an overview of the teaching profession in the Arab Gulf States is presented. One of the most troubling problems in this area is that education has expanded rapidly, widely, and in an unprecedented manner. This phenomena is coupled with a great shortage of teachers for all subjects and specializations. This…

Comparative decision models for anticipating shortage of food grain production in India

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chattopadhyay, Manojit; Mitra, Subrata Kumar

2018-01-01

This paper attempts to predict food shortages in advance from the analysis of rainfall during the monsoon months along with other inputs used for crop production, such as land used for cereal production, percentage of area covered under irrigation and fertiliser use. We used six binary classification data mining models viz., logistic regression, Multilayer Perceptron, kernel lab-Support Vector Machines, linear discriminant analysis, quadratic discriminant analysis and k-Nearest Neighbors Network, and found that linear discriminant analysis and kernel lab-Support Vector Machines are equally suitable for predicting per capita food shortage with 89.69 % accuracy in overall prediction and 92.06 % accuracy in predicting food shortage ( true negative rate). Advance information of food shortage can help policy makers to take remedial measures in order to prevent devastating consequences arising out of food non-availability.

Demand for temporary agency nurses and nursing shortages.

PubMed

Seo, Sukyong; Spetz, Joanne

2013-08-01

There is an ongoing debate about the reasons for the growth of temporary employment of registered nurses (RNs). Some argue that efficiency incentives to increase flexibility and reduce labor costs are the principal cause, while others point to shortages of RNs as the stronger determinant. Using hospital-level data from California's Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development, we find a significant trend of increasing demand for agency nurses during the years of RN shortage. Demand rose with inpatient days, patient demand fluctuation, and the level of fringe benefits. Competition between hospitals and unionization, however, did not affect hospitals' demand for temporary RNs. © The Author(s) 2014.

The nurse manager: job satisfaction, the nursing shortage and retention.

PubMed

Andrews, Diane Randall; Dziegielewski, Sophia F

2005-07-01

A critical shortage of registered nurses exists in the United States and this shortage is expected to worsen. It is predicted that unless this issue is resolved, the demand for nursing services will exceed the supply by nearly 30% in 2020. Extensive analysis of this pending crisis has resulted in numerous recommendations to improve both recruitment and retention. The purpose of this article is to clearly outline the issues contributing to this problem, and to provide the nurse manager with information regarding specific influences on job satisfaction as it relates to job turnover and employee retention. To accomplish this, an analysis of the literature using both national and international sources is used to formulate the lessons learned as well as strategies and future courses of action designed to address this shortage.

"Dynamic Labor Shortage" In the Offing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olson, Lawrence

1982-01-01

The United States is on the verge of a labor shortage that is partly the result of declining birth rates. An increase in work force participation by older adults, encouraged by reversals of early retirement and other policy changes, would be advantageous to employers, workers, and the economy. (Author/SK)

Gender, Race, and the Politics of Role Modelling: The Influence of Male Teachers. Routledge Research in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martino, Wayne; Rezai-Rashti, Goli

2011-01-01

This book provides an illuminating account of teachers' own reflections on their experiences of teaching in urban schools. It was conceived as a direct response to policy-related and media-generated concerns about male teacher shortage and offers a critique of the call for more male role models in elementary schools to address important issues…

Surgical Procedures in Health Professional Shortage Areas: Impact of a Surgical Incentive Payment Plan.

PubMed

Diaz, Adrian; Merath, Katiuscha; Bagante, Fabio; Chen, Qinyu; Akgul, Ozgur; Beal, Eliza; Idrees, Jay; Olsen, Griffin; Gani, Faiz; Pawlik, Timothy M

2018-05-15

The Affordable Care Act established a Center for Medicare/Medicaid Services based 10% reimbursement bonus for general surgeons in Health Professional Shortage Areas. We sought to assess the impact of the Affordable Care Act Surgery Incentive Payment on surgical procedures performed in Health Professional Shortage Areas. Hospital utilization data from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2015, were used to categorize hospitals according to Health Professional Shortage Area location. A difference-in-differences analysis measured the effect of the Surgery Incentive Payment on year-to-year differences for inpatient and outpatient surgical procedures by hospital type pre- (2006-2010) versus post- (2011-2015) Surgery Incentive Payment implementation. Among 409 unique hospitals that performed surgical procedures for at least 1 year of the study period, 2 performed surgery in a designated Health Professional Shortage Area. The two Health Professional Shortage Area -designated hospitals were located in a rural area, were non-teaching hospitals, and had 196 and 202 hospital beds, respectively. After the enactment of the Surgery Incentive Payment, while non- Health Professional Shortage Areas had only a modest relative decrease in total inpatient procedures (Pre-Surgery Incentive Payment: 4,666,938 versus Post-Surgery Incentive Payment: 4,451,612; Δ-4.6%), the proportional decrease in inpatient surgical procedures at Health Professional Shortage Area hospitals was more marked (Pre-Surgery Incentive Payment: 25,830 versus Post-Surgery Incentive Payment: 21,503; Δ-16.7%). In contrast, Health Professional Shortage Area hospitals proportionally had a greater increase in total outpatient procedures (Pre-Surgery Incentive Payment: 17,840 versus Post-Surgery Incentive Payment: 22,375: Δ+25.4%) versus non- Health Professional Shortage Area hospitals (Pre-Surgery Incentive Payment: 5,863,300 versus Post

Contextual Factors that Foster or Inhibit Para-Teacher Professional Development: The Case of an Indian, Non-Governmental Organization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raval, Harini; McKenney, Susan; Pieters, Jules

2012-01-01

The appointment of para-professionals to overcome skill shortages and/or make efficient use of expensive resources is well established in both developing and developed countries. The present research concerns para-teachers in India. The literature on para-teachers is dominated by training for special needs settings, largely in developed societies.…

Connecting Past, Present and Future: How African American Teacher Candidates' School Experiences Inform Their Motivations to Teach, Educational Philosophies, and Identities as Future Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Brandy

2012-01-01

The stories of students and teacher candidates of Color hold powerful lessons and tremendous insight for educational reform efforts. Yet, rarely do educators and policymakers solicit or critically engage the educational narratives of students of Color. Indeed, despite resurgence in a four-decade long conversation regarding the shortage of teachers…

The Perceived Work Ethic of K-12 Teachers by Generational Status: Generation X vs. Baby Boom Generation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Petty, Gregory C.

2013-01-01

This was an investigation of the work ethic of K-12 educators from Generation X and Baby Boomer generations. Teachers of the baby boom generation were born between 1946 and 1964, and many are beginning to retire. There is an impending teacher shortage due to the large numbers of this group retiring or leaving the profession. School administrators…

Computer Science Teacher Professional Development in the United States: A Review of Studies Published between 2004 and 2014

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Menekse, Muhsin

2015-01-01

While there has been a remarkable interest to make computer science a core K-12 academic subject in the United States, there is a shortage of K-12 computer science teachers to successfully implement computer sciences courses in schools. In order to enhance computer science teacher capacity, training programs have been offered through teacher…

The Impact of Supply and Demand on Doctorates in Physical Education Teacher Education: The Future of the Profession

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boyce, Barbara Ann; Lund, Jackie; O'Neil, Kason

2016-01-01

Quality preparation of doctoral students is a key to the survival of physical education teacher education. Past research has revealed a shortage of students graduating with a doctoral degree in physical education and a general reluctance of teachers to leave their jobs to pursue an advanced degree. As the number of universities preparing new…

Teacher Training by Means of a School-Based Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richter, Barry

2016-01-01

The purpose of the study was to explore how a school-based training model (SBTM) could help to address the shortage of teachers. This model also allows, among other aspects, for poor and disadvantaged students to study while they gain experience. This article reports on the results of the SBTM implemented by a South African university, whereby…

Two-year colleges, Physics, and Teacher Preparation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clay, Keith

2002-05-01

In the midst of a teacher shortage no field suffers more than physics. Half of our secondary physics teachers have less than a minor in physics. Meanwhile half of our future teachers start out at two-year colleges with physicists on staff. The opportunity for community colleges to have an impact on K-12 teaching is tremendous. Project TEACH has been honored as an outstanding teacher preparation program. It is a collaboration of colleges and K-12 schools dedicated to the improvement of teacher preparation, especially in science and math. Based at Green River Community College, Project TEACH unites certification institutions, community colleges, and K-12 school districts in the pre-service and in-service training of teachers. Activities of Project TEACH include recruitment and advising of future teachers, field experience for education students, creation of pre-teaching and para-educator degrees, tutoring from elementary school through college, in-service courses for current teachers, and special math and science courses aimed at future teachers. The yearlong interdisciplinary science sequence blends chemistry, physics, geology, and biology in a hands-on inquiry-based environment. The yearlong math sequence covers arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and probability with inquiry-based pedagogy. The programs developed by Project TEACH are being disseminated to colleges across Washington State and beyond.

The Knowledge Base of Subject Matter Experts in Teaching: A Case Study of a Professional Scientist as a Beginning Teacher

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Diezmann, Carmel M.; Watters, James J.

2015-01-01

One method of addressing the shortage of science and mathematics teachers is to train scientists and other science-related professionals to become teachers. Advocates argue that as discipline experts these career changers can relate the subject matter knowledge to various contexts and applications in teaching. In this paper, through interviews and…

Teacher self-efficacy and perceived autonomy: relations with teacher engagement, job satisfaction, and emotional exhaustion.

PubMed

Skaalvik, Einar M; Skaalvik, Sidsel

2014-02-01

When studied separately, research shows that both teacher self-efficacy and teacher autonomy are associated with adaptive motivational and emotional outcomes. This study tested whether teacher self-efficacy and teacher autonomy are independently associated with engagement, job satisfaction, and emotional exhaustion. 2,569 Norwegian teachers in elementary school and middle school (719 men, 1,850 women; M age = 45.0 yr., SD = 11.5) were administered the Norwegian Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale, the Teacher Autonomy Scale, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, the Teacher Job Satisfaction Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The analysis revealed that both teacher autonomy and self-efficacy were independent predictors of engagement, job satisfaction, and emotional exhaustion. This study suggests that autonomy or decision latitude works positively but through different processes for teachers with high and low mastery expectations.

[Reasons for General Practitioner Shortage – a Comparison Between France and Switzerland].

PubMed

Cerny, Thomas; Rosemann, Thomas; Tandjung, Ryan; Chmiel, Corinne

2016-05-25

Both France and Switzerland face a general practitioner (GP) shortage. What differences or parallels exist between the two countries with regard to the causes for this shortage? What conclusions might be drawn from a systematic comparison? Literature review with qualitative and semi-quantitative content analysis. Parallels exist in the comparing categories work contents, working structure, income and social status, medical school formation, private life, psychological motives. Differences are found in the categories biography and social selection, medical socialisation, residency. In Switzerland, residency is not uniformly structured, rarely institutionally organised and contains only few elements specific to general medicine. In France, medical socialisation not only exalts the specialists, but also strongly devaluates the GPs. By systematic analysis and comparison of both countries' pertinent literature, France and Switzerland can deepen their understanding of GP shortage. This paper identifies possible fields of action from medical school through residency up to workplace conditions that are pivotal in addressing the shortage of GPs.

A Case Study of Factors That Influenced the Attrition or Retention of Two First-Year Special Education Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grant, Marquis C.

2017-01-01

The issue of attrition and retention has been a chronic problem in the field of education for decades. School districts across the United States are experiencing shortages of qualified special education teachers largely due to high turnover rates, with many of these teachers electing not to return after their first year of teaching. In fact,…

Variables Affecting Preservice Teacher Candidate Identification of Teacher Sexual Misconduct

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haverland, Jeffrey A.

2017-01-01

Using a quantitative research model, this study explored variables affecting pre-service teacher candidate identification of teacher sexual misconduct through a scenario-based survey instrument. Independent variables in this study were respondent gender, student gender, teacher gender, student age-related ambiguity (students depicted were 17),…

Math and Science Teachers: Recruiting and Retaining California's Workforce. Policy Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

EdSource, 2008

2008-01-01

Middle and high school math and science teachers provide the foundation for education in the growing science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields. They are crucial to California's efforts to remain competitive in a global economy. This policy brief looks at the shortage and challenges involved in recruiting and retaining fully prepared…

The Agricultural Teacher's Struggle for Balance between Career and Family

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murray, Kathryn; Flowers, Jim; Croom, Barry; Wilson, Beth

2011-01-01

Research has shown that agricultural education graduates are hesitant to enter the profession and seemingly quick to leave, often citing long work hours as a main contributing factor. As the shortage of agricultural teachers continues, there is concern over the balance of career and family and its effect on the profession. The purpose of this…

Why Make It Hard for Teachers to Cross State Borders?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldhaber, Dan; Grout, Cyrus; Holden, Kristian L.

2017-01-01

Barriers to mobility, particularly those imposed by state-level licensure procedures have received growing attention in the media and in reform discussions. Much of this attention is driven by shortages of teachers in some regions and subject areas and the fact that barriers to mobility make it more difficult for states to address such shortages…

Assessment of serious water shortage in the Icelandic water resource system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jonsdottir, H.; Eliasson, J.; Madsen, H.

Water resources are economically important and environmentally extremely vulnerable. The electrical power system in Iceland is hydropower based and due to the country’s isolation, power import is not an option as elsewhere in Europe. In the hydropower system, a water shortage is met by flow augmentation from reservoirs. The management of these reservoirs are a human intervention in a natural flow and therefore necessarily limited by environmental regulations. During a heavy drought, the available water storage in the reservoir may not be sufficient to cater for the demand and consequently there will be a shortage of electrical power. This is politically acceptable as long as it only touches heavy industries but not power deliveries to the common market. Empty or near empty reservoirs cause power shortage that will be felt by homeowners and businesses, until spring thaw sets in and inflow to the reservoirs begins. If such a power shortage event occurs, it will cause heavy social problems and a political decision making will follow. It is commonly agreed, that management methods leading to such a disastrous event as a general power shortage in the whole country, are not acceptable. It is therefore very important to have mathematical tools to estimate the risk of water shortage in the system when searching for the best management method. In view of the fact that the subject is to estimate the risk of events that have to be very rare, i.e. with large recurrence time, stochastic simulation is used to produce synthetically run-off records with adequate length, in order to estimate very rare droughts. The method chosen is to make the run-off series stationary in the mean and the variance and simulating the resulting stationary process. When this method is chosen, future trends in the run-off from climate change and glacier reduction can easily be incorporated in the model. The probabilities of extreme droughts are calculated and their frequencies are compared to

Preparing Future Teachers and Doctoral-Level Leaders in Deaf Education: Meeting the Challenge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Andrews, Jean F.; Covell, John A.

2007-01-01

The deaf education profession faces a critical juncture. First, the 2006 leadership crisis that swept deaf education's flagship institution--Gallaudet University--will propel professionals to think deeply about promoting diversity, equity, and access in deaf education teacher and leadership preparation programs. Second, personnel shortages require…

A Way to End the IC Designer Shortage.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robinson, Arthur L.

1980-01-01

Discusses the problem of the shortage of engineers capable of designing advanced integrated circuits (IC) and presents some suggestions for increasing the number of IC designers in universities and semiconductor companies. (HM)

Current Situation, Determinants, and Solutions to Drug Shortages in Shaanxi Province, China: A Qualitative Study.

PubMed

Yang, Caijun; Wu, Lina; Cai, Wenfang; Zhu, Wenwen; Shen, Qian; Li, Zongjie; Fang, Yu

2016-01-01

Drug shortages were a complex global problem. The aim of this study was to analyze, characterize, and assess the drug shortages, and identify possible solutions in Shaanxi Province, western China. A qualitative methodological approach was conducted during May-June 2015 and December 2015-January 2016. Semi-structured interviews were performed to gather information from representatives of hospital pharmacists, wholesalers, pharmaceutical producers, and local health authorities. Thirty participants took part in the study. Eight traditional Chinese medicines and 87 types of biologicals and chemicals were reported to be in short supply. Most were essential medicines. Five main determinants of drug shortages were detected: too low prices, too low market demands, Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) issues, materials issues, and approval issues for imported drugs. Five different solutions were proposed by the participants: 1) let the market decide the drug price; 2) establish an information platform; 3) establish a reserve system; 4) enhance the communication among the three parties in the supply chain; and 5) improve hospital inventory management. Western China was currently experiencing a serious drug shortage. Numerous reasons for the shortage were identified. Most drug shortages in China were currently because of "too low prices." To solve this problem, all of the stakeholders, especially the government, needed to participate in managing the drug shortages.

How does a shortage of physicians impact on the job satisfaction of health centre staff?

PubMed

Saxén, Ulla; Jaatinen, Pekka T; Kivelä, Sirkka-Liisa

2008-01-01

The aim was to determine how a shortage of physicians at Finnish health centres has affected the job satisfaction of the entire staff. A questionnaire was posted to 2848 employees working with patients at health centres in the Finnish provinces of Satakunta and Varsinais-Suomi. The information concerning the shortage of physicians at health centres was taken from research undertaken by the Finnish Medical Association in October 2003. The health centres were divided into four groups according to the severity of the shortage. The questionnaire was returned by 1447 employees. The staff at health centres with the most severe shortage of physicians were less satisfied with the management of the organization. Employees at health centres with a minor shortage of physicians were more satisfied with the quality of services in their operational unit. The shortage of physicians had no impact on staff satisfaction regarding the operation of their work unit, the strain of dealing with issues within their work environment, feelings of stress, the strain of working under pressure that they experienced, or interest in finding a new job. The majority of healthcare employees are satisfied and motivated in their work. The shortage of physicians has only a slightly negative impact on their satisfaction.

The new regulatory tools of the 2016 Health Law to fight drug shortages in France.

PubMed

Bocquet, François; Degrassat-Théas, Albane; Peigné, Jérôme; Paubel, Pascal

2017-05-01

Drug shortages are becoming worrying for public health in the European Union. The French public authorities first took action against the causes of drug shortages in 2011 with a law, followed by a decree in 2012 to overcome the dysfunctions of the pharmaceutical distribution channel. These texts would establish emergency call centres implemented by pharmaceutical companies for pharmacists and for wholesalers to inform of shortages, and would oblige pharmaceutical companies to inform health authorities of any risk of potential shortage situation; they would also reinforce the declaration regime of the territory served by wholesalers. Through the Health Law of January 2016, France acquired new regulatory tools in order to fight against these shortages and wanted to target the drugs for which they are the most detrimental: the major therapeutic interest (MTI) drugs. Furthermore, this new text reinforces the legal obligations of pharmaceutical companies and of wholesalers for drug shortages and sets out the enforcement of sanctions in case of breach of these obligations. France's goal is ambitious: to implement coercive measures aiming at making the actors of the drug distribution channel aware of their responsibilities in order to take up the public health challenge triggered by drug shortages. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sense of Efficacy in Beginning Teachers Participating in an Alternative Certification Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKinney, Daniel Lee

2014-01-01

Despite the widespread use of alternatively certified personnel by school systems to address shortages of highly qualified teachers, alternative certification programs (ACPs) have appeared largely inconsistent in design and lacked research in effectiveness. Hence, benefit could be gained in evaluating the competency of ACP participants in terms of…

The hospital nursing shortage. A paradox of increasing supply and increasing vacancy rates.

PubMed Central

Aiken, L H

1989-01-01

A serious shortage of nurses has developed since 1984 despite a growing number of employed nurses and a substantial decline in the number of hospital inpatient days. The evidence suggests that the shortage is the result of an increased demand for nurses, not a decline in supply. The increased demand in large part has resulted from the substitution of registered nurses for licensed practical nurses, aides, and other patient services personnel. The substitution was feasible because nurses' wages have been depressed compared with those of other hospital employees. The shortage is likely to abate if nurses' wages increase, making substitution more costly. Even in the absence of continuing wage increases, hospitals could ease the shortage by restructuring patient services and enabling nurses to spend a greater portion of their time in direct patient care. PMID:2669349

Online availability and safety of drugs in shortage: a descriptive study of internet vendor characteristics.

PubMed

Liang, Bryan A; Mackey, Tim K

2012-02-09

Unprecedented drug shortages announced by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have severely affected therapeutic access, patient safety, and public health. With continued shortages, patients may seek drugs online. To assess the prevalence of online marketing for current FDA shortage drugs and potential patient safety risks. We performed a descriptive study of the prevalence of online marketing for shortage drugs-that is, offers for sale of each drug, including characteristics of online drug sellers and intermediary sites marketing these drugs. Of the 72 FDA shortage-listed drugs, 68 (94%) were offered for sale online. We found 291 offers for these drugs, the vast majority (n = 207, 71.1%) by online drug sellers selling direct to consumers. Intermediary sites included data aggregators (n = 22, 8%), forum links (n = 23, 8%), and personal page data links (n = 34, 12%), as well as Flickr social media links (n = 5, 2%), all advertising drugs without a prescription. Of the 91 online drug sellers identified, 31 (34%) had more than 1 shortage drug offered for sale, representing most (n = 148, 71%) of all online drug seller sales offers. The majority of these online drug sellers (n = 21, 68%) were on the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) Not Recommended Sites list. Finally, for shortage drugs with an online drug seller (n = 58, 85%), 53 (91%) had at least one site on the Not Recommended list and 21 (36%) had only sites on the Not Recommended list. FDA shortage drugs are widely marketed over the Internet. Suspect online drug sellers and intermediaries dominate these sales offers. As a critical risk management issue, patients, providers, and policymakers should be extremely cautious in procuring shortage drugs through Internet sourcing.

Online Availability and Safety of Drugs in Shortage: A Descriptive Study of Internet Vendor Characteristics

PubMed Central

Mackey, Tim K

2012-01-01

Background Unprecedented drug shortages announced by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have severely affected therapeutic access, patient safety, and public health. With continued shortages, patients may seek drugs online. Objective To assess the prevalence of online marketing for current FDA shortage drugs and potential patient safety risks. Methods We performed a descriptive study of the prevalence of online marketing for shortage drugs—that is, offers for sale of each drug, including characteristics of online drug sellers and intermediary sites marketing these drugs. Results Of the 72 FDA shortage-listed drugs, 68 (94%) were offered for sale online. We found 291 offers for these drugs, the vast majority (n = 207, 71.1%) by online drug sellers selling direct to consumers. Intermediary sites included data aggregators (n = 22, 8%), forum links (n = 23, 8%), and personal page data links (n = 34, 12%), as well as Flickr social media links (n = 5, 2%), all advertising drugs without a prescription. Of the 91 online drug sellers identified, 31 (34%) had more than 1 shortage drug offered for sale, representing most (n = 148, 71%) of all online drug seller sales offers. The majority of these online drug sellers (n = 21, 68%) were on the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) Not Recommended Sites list. Finally, for shortage drugs with an online drug seller (n = 58, 85%), 53 (91%) had at least one site on the Not Recommended list and 21 (36%) had only sites on the Not Recommended list. Conclusions FDA shortage drugs are widely marketed over the Internet. Suspect online drug sellers and intermediaries dominate these sales offers. As a critical risk management issue, patients, providers, and policymakers should be extremely cautious in procuring shortage drugs through Internet sourcing. PMID:22321731

Coordinating vendor-buyer decisions for imperfect quality items considering trade credit and fully backlogged shortages

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khanna, Aditi; Gautam, Prerna; Jaggi, Chandra K.

2016-03-01

Supply chain management has become a critical issue for modern business environments. In today's world of cooperative decision-making, individual decisions in order to reduce inventory costs may not lead to an overall optimal solution. Coordination is necessary among participants of supply chain to achieve better performance. There are legitimate and important efforts from the vendor to enhance the relation with buyer; one such effort is offering trade credit which has been a driver of growth and development of business between them. The cost of financing is a core consideration in effective financial management, in general and in context of business. Also, due to imperfect production a vendor may produce defective items which results in shortages. Motivated with these aspects, an integrated vendor-buyer inventory model is developed for imperfect quality items with allowable shortages; in which the vendor offers credit period to the buyer for payment. The objective is to minimize the total joint annual costs incurred by the vendor and the buyer by using integrated decision making approach. The expected total annual integrated cost is derived and a solution procedure is provided to find the optimal solution. Numerical analysis shows that the integrated model gives an impressive cost reduction, in comparison to independent decision policies by the vendor and the buyer.

Preparing Teachers for Children in Poverty: The Nashville District Picks up the Mantle for Qualified Instruction in High-Needs Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holt, Camille B.; Garcia, Pedro

2005-01-01

The U.S. Department of Education's "1999-2000 Schools and Staffing Survey" indicated that teacher shortages are 50 percent higher in urban schools than in suburban schools. Almost a third of the teachers leave the profession during the first three years and nearly half leave after five years. In schools serving low-income communities,…

The Shortage of Skilled Workers. Position Papers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Vocational Association, Arlington, VA.

Evidence gathered through interviews with members of trade associations, unions, professional societies, business, and industry as well as data obtained from the Department of Labor, congressional testimony, and publications of the commerical and trade press reveals that the shortage of skilled workers in America is reaching crisis proportions.…

Isotope shortage triggers delays for patients

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gould, Paula

2009-07-01

An unplanned shutdown of a nuclear reactor in Canada is disrupting the supply of medical isotopes across North America and forcing some hospitals to cancel or postpone patients' tests. The closure of the National Research Universal (NRU) reactor in Chalk River, Ontario, has also embarrassed Canadian officials, including a senior government minister who was forced to apologize after calling the isotope shortage a "sexy" career challenge.

Principals' and Special Education Teachers' Perceptions of Special Education Teachers' Roles and Responsibilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mott, Japhia

2013-01-01

This explanatory mixed methods study focuses on the perceptions of principals and special education teachers about special education teachers' roles and responsibilities. An online survey was conducted with 11 principals and 41 special education teachers (Resource Specialists and Special Day Class teachers). Independent semi-structured interviews…

An Analysis of Induction-Year Agricultural Education Teachers' Attitude toward Teaching during the 2011-2012 School Year in Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lawrence, Shannon Gordon

2012-01-01

Teacher shortages are a critical issue for education, and agricultural education has not been exempt from this trend. Many factors possibly contribute to this lack of qualified teachers. Researchers suggest that retention practices, stress factors associated with agricultural education, and job satisfaction may be areas for improvement within the…

Implementing the "Ways of Knowing Through the Realms of Meaning" to Assist Leaders in Retaining Alternatively Certified Teachers: Six National Recommendations for Improving Education in the United States of America

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Butcher, Jennifer; Kritsonis, William Allan

2008-01-01

With both high retirement and high attrition rates among educators and a nationwide increasing student population, more teachers are needed. With the impact of a teacher shortage, educational systems began to examine the alternative certification methods. Alternative routes to teacher education profoundly impact the teaching force. The "Ways…

Effects of group response-cost procedures on cash shortages in a small business

PubMed Central

Marholin, David; Gray, Deanne

1976-01-01

The effect of a group response-cost procedure (accompanied by verbal and written instruction) designed to decrease cash shortages in a small business was evaluated with a reversal design. When cash shortages were subtracted from the six employees' salaries on days in which the shortage exceeded 1% of total daily sales, the magnitude of daily shortages sharply decreased. This response-cost contingency was used only three times throughout the study, with a maximum cost of $8.70 per subject over the 41-day period. The efficacy of the procedures may be due to either increased precision in change calculations, a decreased frequency of stealing from the cash register, increased shortchanging of customers, and/or increased incidents of register under-ringing. Ethical questions relative to the utilization of group punishment procedures are raised, and it was concluded that the procedures used were more humane than commonly used alternatives. PMID:16795515

Tackling Nurse Shortages in OECD Countries. OECD Health Working Papers, No. 19

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simoens, Steven; Villeneuve, Mike; Hurst, Jeremy

2005-01-01

There are reports of current nurse shortages in all but a few OECD countries. With further increases in demand for nurses expected and nurse workforce ageing predicted to reduce the supply of nurses, shortages are likely to persist or even increase in the future, unless action is taken to increase flows into and reduce flows out of the workforce…

Current Situation, Determinants, and Solutions to Drug Shortages in Shaanxi Province, China: A Qualitative Study

PubMed Central

Yang, Caijun; Wu, Lina; Cai, Wenfang; Zhu, Wenwen; Shen, Qian; Li, Zongjie; Fang, Yu

2016-01-01

Objective Drug shortages were a complex global problem. The aim of this study was to analyze, characterize, and assess the drug shortages, and identify possible solutions in Shaanxi Province, western China. Methods A qualitative methodological approach was conducted during May–June 2015 and December 2015–January 2016. Semi-structured interviews were performed to gather information from representatives of hospital pharmacists, wholesalers, pharmaceutical producers, and local health authorities. Results Thirty participants took part in the study. Eight traditional Chinese medicines and 87 types of biologicals and chemicals were reported to be in short supply. Most were essential medicines. Five main determinants of drug shortages were detected: too low prices, too low market demands, Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) issues, materials issues, and approval issues for imported drugs. Five different solutions were proposed by the participants: 1) let the market decide the drug price; 2) establish an information platform; 3) establish a reserve system; 4) enhance the communication among the three parties in the supply chain; and 5) improve hospital inventory management. Conclusions Western China was currently experiencing a serious drug shortage. Numerous reasons for the shortage were identified. Most drug shortages in China were currently because of “too low prices.” To solve this problem, all of the stakeholders, especially the government, needed to participate in managing the drug shortages. PMID:27780218

Predicted shortage of vascular surgeons in the United Kingdom: A matter for debate?

PubMed

Harkin, D W; Beard, J D; Shearman, C P; Wyatt, M G

2016-10-01

Vascular surgery became a new independent surgical specialty in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2013. In this matter for debate we discuss the question, is there a "shortage of vascular surgeons in the United Kingdom?" We used data derived from the "Vascular Surgery United Kingdom Workforce Survey 2014", NHS Employers Electronic Staff Records (ESR), and the National Vascular Registry (NVR) surgeon-level public report to estimate current and predict future workforce requirements. We estimate there are approximately 458 Consultant Vascular Surgeons for the current UK population of 63 million, or 1 per 137,000 population. In several UK Regions there are a large number of relatively small teams (3 or less) of vascular surgeons working in separate NHS Trusts in close geographical proximity. In developed countries, both the number and complexity of vascular surgery procedures (open and endovascular) per capita population is increasing, and concerns have been raised that demand cannot be met without a significant expansion in numbers of vascular surgeons. Additional workforce demand arises from the impact of population growth and changes in surgical work-patterns with respect to gender, working-life-balance and 7-day services. We predict a future shortage of Consultant Vascular Surgeons in the UK and recommend an increase in training numbers and an expansion in the UK Consultant Vascular Surgeon workforce to accommodate population growth, facilitate changes in work-patterns and to create safe sustainable services. Crown Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The global nursing shortage: an overview of issues and actions.

PubMed

Oulton, Judith A

2006-08-01

Today's global nursing shortage is having an adverse impact on health systems around the world. A major initiative by the International Council of Nurses (ICN) yielded important information regarding the shortage and solutions to it. These are organized into five priority areas: policy intervention; macroeconomics and health sector funding; workforce planning and policy, including regulation; positive practice environments; and retention and recruitment (includes migration); and nursing leadership. Internationally momentum is building, providing the opportunity to bring attention to these issues and to take action. This article presents an overview of the global nursing shortage (which, since 2002, has been termed a global crisis), provides the perspectives of the ICN, and discusses the ICN's initiatives regarding that crisis. Founded in 1899, the ICN is the world's first and largest organization for health professionals. As a federation of national nurses' associations in 129 countries, ICN represents the more than 13 million nurses working worldwide. It works to ensure quality nursing care for all, sound health policies globally, the advancement of nursing knowledge, and the presence worldwide of a respected, competent professional workforce.

Consequences of a global enzyme shortage of agalsidase beta in adult Dutch Fabry patients.

PubMed

Smid, Bouwien E; Rombach, Saskia M; Aerts, Johannes M F G; Kuiper, Symen; Mirzaian, Mina; Overkleeft, Hermen S; Poorthuis, Ben J H M; Hollak, Carla E M; Groener, Johanna E M; Linthorst, Gabor E

2011-10-31

Enzyme replacement therapy is currently the only approved therapy for Fabry disease. From June 2009 on, viral contamination of Genzyme's production facility resulted in a worldwide shortage of agalsidase beta leading to involuntary dose reductions (approved dose 1 mg/kg/eow, reduced dose 0.5 mg/kg/m), or switch to agalsidase alpha (administered dose 0.2 mg/kg/eow). An assessment report from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) raised serious concerns about an increase in adverse events at lower dosages of agalsidase beta. We determined the influence of the shortage on clinical event incidence and the most sensitive biochemical marker (lysoGb3) in Dutch Fabry patients. The incidence of clinical events per person per year was calculated from start of agalsidase beta treatment until the shortage, and was compared to the incidence of clinical events during the shortage period. In addition, plasma lysoGb3, eGFR, quality of life (SF-36) and brief pain inventory (BPI) questionnaires were analysed. All thirty-five Dutch Fabry patients using agalsidase beta (17 males) were included. Mean clinical event incidence was unchanged: 0.15 events per person per year before versus 0.15 during the shortage (p = 0.68). In total 28 clinical events occurred in 14 patients during 4.6 treatment years, compared to 7 events in 6 patients during the 1.3 year shortage period. eGFR and BPI scores were not significantly altered. Two SF-36 subscales were significantly but minimally reduced in females. In males, lysoGb3 increased with a median of 8.1 nM (range 2.5-29.2) after 1 year of shortage (p = 0.001). Increases in lysoGb3 were found in both patients switching to agalsidase alpha and on a reduced agalsidase beta dose. Antibody status, treatment duration or clinical event incidence showed no clear correlation to lysoGb3 increases. No increase in clinical event incidence was found in the adult Dutch Fabry cohort during the agalsidase beta shortage. Increases in lysoGb3, however, suggest

Immigration, labor shortages, & U.S. construction markets

Treesearch

Al Schuler

2006-01-01

As discussed in last month's column, according to Dr. Ira Wolfe, author of The Perfect Storm Fact Book, we are witnessing the beginning of a "perfect labor storm."" Globalization and demographic trends are colliding, and the result is a growing shortage of workers who possess the right skills to do the available jobs.

Marketing nursing as a profession: integrated marketing strategies to address the nursing shortage.

PubMed

Somers, Mark John; Finch, Linda; Birnbaum, Dee

2010-07-01

The nursing shortage in the United States is at a crisis level characterized by critical shortages of highly trained nurses and of nursing faculty. Key issues in addressing these shortages include awareness and image-building, along with enhanced outreach programs. Although these issues are related to marketing theory, most studies in this area are based on a vocational choice model. This study was grounded in marketing theory and the results offer a new perspective for addressing the nursing shortage. In-depth interviews conducted with 31 first-year nursing students indicated that there were two distinct segments among nursing students: traditionals and instrumentals. Traditionals were attracted to nursing as a helping profession while instrumentals were interested in career-related rewards such as variety, mobility, and compensation. These findings were discussed in terms of building awareness and marketing programs for nursing students that are integrated across schools of nursing, private foundations and public agencies.

Water shortages and extreme events: a call for research.

PubMed

Carmichael, Catriona; Odams, Sue; Murray, Virginia; Sellick, Matthew; Colbourne, Jeni

2013-09-01

Water shortages as a result of extreme weather events, such as flooding and severe cold, have the potential to affect significant numbers of people. Therefore, the need to build robust, coordinated plans based on scientific evidence is crucial. The literature review outlined in this short communication was conducted as part of a joint Drinking Water Inspectorate and Health Protection Agency (now Public Health England) report which aimed to review the scientific evidence base on extreme events, water shortages and the resulting health impacts. A systematic literature review was undertaken to identify published literature from both peer-reviewed and grey literature sources. The retrieved literature was then assessed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network quality assessment. The authors found very few scientific studies. However, a great deal of valuable grey literature was retrieved and used by the research team. In total, six main themes of importance that were identified by the review and discussed included health impacts, water quantity and quality, alternative supplies, vulnerable groups, communication with those affected and the emergency response. The authors conclude that more research needs to be conducted on health impacts and extreme events water shortages in order to build the future knowledge base and development of resilience.

42 CFR 5.3 - Procedures for designation of health professional(s) shortage areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Procedures for designation of health professional(s... SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS DESIGNATION OF HEALTH PROFESSIONAL(S) SHORTAGE AREAS § 5.3 Procedures for designation of health professional(s) shortage areas. (a) Using data available to the Department from national...

Making Visible Teacher Reports of Their Teaching Experiences: The Early Childhood Teacher Experiences Scale

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fantuzzo, John; Perlman, Staci; Sproul, Faith; Minney, Ashley; Perry, Marlo A.; Li, Feifei

2012-01-01

The study developed multiple independent scales of early childhood teacher experiences (ECTES). ECTES was co-constructed with preschool, kindergarten, and first grade teachers in a large urban school district. Demographic, ECTES, and teaching practices data were collected from 584 teachers. Factor analyses documented three teacher experience…

Is there a shortage of laboratory animal veterinarians?

PubMed

Schub, T

2001-06-01

There is evidence of a shortage of qualified laboratory animal veterinarians. Based on conversations with directors of animal care programs and heads of laboratory animal medicine training program, the author explores the problem of attracting veterinary school graduates to the field.

Community Health Crisis: Solving the Nurse Shortage.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vitiello, Erie

2003-01-01

Describes how Los Rios Community College District (LRCCD), California, the major provider of nursing graduates to the Sacramento area, addressed the issue of the nursing shortage crisis. LRCCD faced the dual issues of student/faculty ratio restrictions of 10/1 and funding that accommodated a 40/1 ratio. Describes LRCCD's new off-campus,…

A looming public health crisis: the nursing shortage of today.

PubMed

Ross, Jacqueline

2002-10-01

The present and anticipated nursing shortage poses a public health concern. This is a unique shortage because nursing is encountering both an increased demand for nursing care and a lower supply of nurses available to deliver it. Nurses, known for patient advocacy, are ethically bound to provide competent, quality care. Currently, nurses comprise the largest group of health care providers in the United States. Through increased understanding of the current situation, the profession will be in a better position to advocate and promote nursing as a viable, attractive career. Copyright 2002 by American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses.

Longitudinal Effects of Induction on Teaching Skills and Attrition Rates of Beginning Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Helms-Lorenz, Michelle; van de Grift, Wim; Maulana, Ridwan

2016-01-01

The teaching profession faces a shortage as well as a decline of teaching skills. A possible way to mitigate this is to implement evidence-based induction arrangements. Seventy-one schools with 338 beginning secondary education teachers were randomly allocated to an experimental or a control group. The experimental schools used induction…

[The evolution of nursing shortage and strategies to face it: a longitudinal study in 11 hospitals].

PubMed

Stringhetta, Francesca; Dal Ponte, Adriana; Palese, Alvisa

2012-01-01

To describe the perception of the evolution of nursing shortage from 2000 to 2009 according to Nursing Coordinators and the strategies to face it. Nursing coordinators of 11 hospitals or districts of Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trentino Alto Adige and Veneto regions were interviewed in 2000, 2004 and 2009 to collect data and assess their perception on nurses' shortage. In the first interview the medium gap between staff planned and in service was -5.4%; in 2004 -9.4% and in 2009 -3.3%. The shortage, once with a seasonal trend is now constant and appreciated in all the wards. In years 2000 and 2004 on average 5 strategies to face the shortage were implemented, in 2009 7. No systematic strategies have been used with the exception of the unification of wards, mainly during summer for letting people go on holydays. According to Nursing Coordinators the effects of the shortage are already observable (although not quantified) on patients and nurses. The nurses' shortage has been one of the challenges of the last 10 years. Its causes have changed but not the strategies implemented.

Addressing Teacher Shortages in Disadvantaged Schools: Lessons from Two Institute of Education Sciences Studies. NCEE Evaluation Brief. NCEE 2013-4018

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Melissa; McConnell, Sheena; Constantine, Jill; Chiang, Hanley

2013-01-01

Schools serving low-income students struggle to attract effective teachers, particularly in science and math. In response to these staffing difficulties, states have tried to lower the barriers to becoming a teacher by establishing "alternative routes to certification." These routes enable teachers to begin teaching before completing all…

A Shortage of Medical Residency Positions: Parallels with Psychology.

PubMed

LaPaglia, Donna; Robiner, William N; Yozwiak, John A; Brosig, Cheryl; Cubic, Barbara; Leventhal, Gerald

2015-12-01

Physician shortages in the US are expected to intensify with the implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. These shortages may negatively impact access to care, quality of care, and confidence in the system's ability to adequately provide for health needs in the US. Concerns regarding physician demand underscore how critical Graduate Medical Education funding is to preparing the physician workforce. In 2014 5.6 % of US medical school seniors did not match into residency. Psychology has faced longstanding training imbalance issues with a misalignment between the number of internship positions and the number of applicants. The authors summon attention to the damaging effects a training imbalance poses to a health care profession, its trainees, and ultimately the public it serves.

Unpredictable drug shortages: an ethical framework for short-term rationing in hospitals.

PubMed

Rosoff, Philip M

2012-01-01

Periodic and unexpected shortages of drugs, biologics, and even medical devices have become commonplace in the United States. When shortages occur, hospitals and clinics need to decide how to ration their available stock. When such situations arise, institutions can choose from several different allocation schemes, such as first-come, first-served, a lottery, or a more rational and calculated approach. While the first two approaches sound reasonable at first glance, there are a number of problems associated with them, including the inability to make fine, individual patient-centered decisions. They also do not discriminate between what kinds of patients and what types of uses may be more deserving or reasonable than others. In this article I outline an ethically acceptable procedure for rationing drugs during a shortage in which demand outstrips supply.

Causes of shortage and delay in material supply: a preliminary study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahman, M. M.; Yap, Y. H.; Ramli, N. R.; Dullah, M. A.; Shamsuddin, M. S. W.

2017-11-01

Shortage and delay in materials supply is argued to be one of the most important factors that lead to delay in construction project delivery globally. However, the relevant underlying reasons vary from country to country. As such, this paper summarises the outcomes of a study that targeted identifying causes of shortage and delay in materials supply in Brunei Darussalam. The study was conducted through fifteen semi-structured interviews of contractors and materials suppliers in Brunei. The study identified six causes of shortageof materials and nine causes of delay in materials supply in Brunei. The most importantcausefor shortage of materials relates to the origin or availability of construction materials. On the other hand, the most influential cause of delay in material supply was found to be poor materials procurement and inventory management system, which has other underlying reasons such as late identification of the type of materials needed. The observations are expected to help in formulating or reviewing relevant policies, in order to ensure on-time project delivery.

The No Child Left Behind Act and the Teacher Shortage. Policy Briefs: Education Reform. Volume 2, Number 7

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malone, David M.

2002-01-01

Spurred on by regulations outlined in the No Child Left Behind Education Act of 2001 (NCLB), educators and policy makers are gearing up to solve the problem of producing enough highly qualified teachers to meet the country's rapidly growing demand. According to the U.S. Department of Education, rising enrollments and increasing teacher retirements…

A Recruitment Program for Critical Shortage Elementary Level Special Education Teachers and Related Service Personnel.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Teas, Brenda

A county (Harris County, Texas) education agency, along with Special Education Directors and Personnel Officers from the county's 24 school districts, identified problems in recruiting special education teachers and such related service personnel as psychologists, psychological associates, educational diagnosticians, speech therapists, art…

Empowering Preschool Teachers to Identify Mental Health Problems: A Task-Sharing Intervention in Ethiopia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Desta, Menelik; Deyessa, Negussie; Fish, Irving; Maxwell, Benjamin; Zerihun, Tigist; Levine, Saul; Fox, Claire; Giedd, Jay; Zelleke, Tesfaye G.; Alem, Atalay; Garland, Ann F.

2017-01-01

In Ethiopia there is a severe shortage of child mental health professionals. Identification and intervention for young children's mental health problems is crucial to improve developmental trajectories and reduce the severity of emotional and behavioral disorders. Teachers can play an important role in early problem detection. This role is…

Preparing Secondary Stem Teachers for High-Need Schools: Challenges of an Urban Residency Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garza, Rubén; Duchaine, Ellen L.; Reynosa, Raymond

2013-01-01

Teaching residency programs that blend coursework with clinical experiences have emerged nationwide to prepare aspiring teachers for the demanding reality of teaching in high-need urban schools. The Teaching Residency Program for Critical Shortage Areas was created to help urban school districts with the challenge of recruiting and retaining…

Teacher's Guide to Independence National Historical Park.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Park Service (Dept. of Interior), Philadelphia, PA. Independence National Historical Park.

Independence National Historical Park, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is operated by the National Park Service. The park was authorized by an Act of Congress on June 28, 1948, and formally established on July 4, 1956. The mission of Independence National Historical Park is to preserve its stories, buildings, and artifacts as a source of…

Consequences of a global enzyme shortage of agalsidase beta in adult Dutch Fabry patients

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Enzyme replacement therapy is currently the only approved therapy for Fabry disease. From June 2009 on, viral contamination of Genzyme's production facility resulted in a worldwide shortage of agalsidase beta leading to involuntary dose reductions (approved dose 1 mg/kg/eow, reduced dose 0.5 mg/kg/m), or switch to agalsidase alpha (administered dose 0.2 mg/kg/eow). An assessment report from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) raised serious concerns about an increase in adverse events at lower dosages of agalsidase beta. We determined the influence of the shortage on clinical event incidence and the most sensitive biochemical marker (lysoGb3) in Dutch Fabry patients. Methods The incidence of clinical events per person per year was calculated from start of agalsidase beta treatment until the shortage, and was compared to the incidence of clinical events during the shortage period. In addition, plasma lysoGb3, eGFR, quality of life (SF-36) and brief pain inventory (BPI) questionnaires were analysed. Results All thirty-five Dutch Fabry patients using agalsidase beta (17 males) were included. Mean clinical event incidence was unchanged: 0.15 events per person per year before versus 0.15 during the shortage (p = 0.68). In total 28 clinical events occurred in 14 patients during 4.6 treatment years, compared to 7 events in 6 patients during the 1.3 year shortage period. eGFR and BPI scores were not significantly altered. Two SF-36 subscales were significantly but minimally reduced in females. In males, lysoGb3 increased with a median of 8.1 nM (range 2.5 - 29.2) after 1 year of shortage (p = 0.001). Increases in lysoGb3 were found in both patients switching to agalsidase alpha and on a reduced agalsidase beta dose. Antibody status, treatment duration or clinical event incidence showed no clear correlation to lysoGb3 increases. Conclusions No increase in clinical event incidence was found in the adult Dutch Fabry cohort during the agalsidase beta shortage

Medicine shortages in Fiji: A qualitative exploration of stakeholders' views.

PubMed

Walker, Josephine; Chaar, Betty B; Vera, Numa; Pillai, Alvish S; Lim, Jessy S; Bero, Lisa; Moles, Rebekah J

2017-01-01

Medicine access is a human right; yet, concerningly, there are international instances of shortages. Quantitative data has allowed WHO to propose global solutions; however, individualised understanding of specific regions is still required to work towards national solutions. Fiji has an established issue with medication supply and the aim of this study was to use qualitative methods to gain a fuller understanding of this context. Semi-structured interviews were used to gain the perspective of key stakeholders involved in the Fijian medicine supply chain in regards to causes, impacts and possible solutions of medicine shortages. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data. In total, 48 stakeholders participated and the information was synthesised into three main themes, causes, impacts and solutions and the sub-themes including; political, system and patient causes, adverse health effects on patients, professional dissatisfaction, monetary loss and loss of faith in the health system, workarounds, operation improvements, government intervention and education and training. The situation in Fiji is not dissimilar to other instances of shortages around the world and hence international solutions like that proposed by WHO are feasible; however, they must be modified to be uniquely Fijian to work in this context.

Combating the Attrition of Teachers of Students with EBD: What Can Administrators Do?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cancio, Edward Joseph; Albrecht, Susan Fread; Johns, Beverley Holden

2014-01-01

Students with emotional/behavioral disorders (EBD) can present intensive needs, requiring the intervention and instruction of well-trained and qualified teachers who work with them in the classroom. However, schools face serious shortages in the field of special education, particularly for staff who work with this population of children (McLeskey,…

3 CFR 13588 - Executive Order 13588 of October 31, 2011. Reducing Prescription Drug Shortages

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... shortages are becoming more severe as well as more frequent. The affected medicines include cancer..., early disclosure of a shortage can help hospitals, doctors, and patients make alternative arrangements... lifesaving medicines. Sec. 2. Broader Reporting of Manufacturing Discontinuances. To the extent permitted by...

The Impact of the Perspectives of Teachers and Parents on the Literacy Media Selections for Independent Study of Students Who Are Visually Impaired

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Argyropoulos, Vassilios S.; Sideridis, Georgios D.; Katsoulis, Philippos

2008-01-01

This study explored the choices of literacy media for independent study of students with visual impairments. The predictors that were taken into account were teachers' use of technology, experience in teaching, and mastery of braille and the knowledge of braille of students, parents, and close friends.

Shortage of psychotropic medications in community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia: Causes and solutions.

PubMed

Al-Ruthia, Yazed Sulaiman; Mansy, Wael; Barasin, Mohammad; Ghawaa, Yazeed Mohammad; AlSultan, Mohammed; Alsenaidy, Mohammad A; Alhawas, Solaiman; AlGhadeer, Sultan

2017-07-01

Background: Patients with mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety, who seek medical care in private psychiatric clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, have recently expressed concerns to doctors about difficulty in filling psychotropic medications, such as Amitriptyline and Aripiprazole, at retail community pharmacies. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a shortage of some commonly prescribed psychotropic medications in retail community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia, and if so, to explore the possible reasons behind the shortage of these medications. Methods: The availability of 28 commonly prescribed psychotropic medications was checked in multiple retail community pharmacies in 4 different regions of Saudi Arabia. Further, potential reasons behind the shortage of some psychotropic medications in retail community pharmacies were also explored. Results: Amitriptyline, Amoxapine, Aripiprazole, Bupropion, Buspirone, Duloxetine, Haloperidol, Hydroxyzine, Lithium, Prochlorperazine, Procyclidine, Promethazine, Thioridazine, Trazodone, and Trifluoperazine were unavailable in over half of the 248 community pharmacies surveyed. Four possible reasons behind the shortage of these medications were reported by 31 pharmacists working in different retail community pharmacies' purchasing departments, with a majority (58.06%) reporting the primary reason for a shortage of these medications that they are slow-moving items with low profit margins. Conclusions: The findings of this study should expedite the reform process in both the Ministry of Health and the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) to publish and enforce an essential list of medications for retail community pharmacies, which should include the most commonly prescribed psychotropic medications.

The Need to Develop Independent Intelligence: The Roles and Responsibilities of Teacher Educators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gomez, Doris Santoro

2006-01-01

This article builds a case for generating a new metaphor for teacher education that will sustain and nourish teacher intelligence. This intelligence requires that teacher educators prepare their students to be highly sensitive to dynamic classroom relations, to be aware of their positions as teachers, and to develop purposeful educational…

Update on the diagnostic radiologist shortage.

PubMed

Sunshine, Jonathan H; Maynard, C Douglas; Paros, Joan; Forman, Howard P

2004-02-01

The purpose of this study is to present the latest information available on the shortage of diagnostic radiologists. Four sources of information are available, and we present their data: first, the number of jobs for diagnostic radiologists advertised in Radiology and the American Journal of Roentgenology; second, vacancies in academic radiology departments as of July 1, 2003, ascertained by a survey of these departments; third, the ratio of job listings to job seekers at a major professional placement service, the Professional Bureau of the American College of Radiology (ACR); and fourth, diagnostic radiologists' self-reported workload burden, from the ACR's 2003 Survey of Diagnostic Radiologists. Jobs advertised in September-November 2003 (latest data available) were 28% fewer than in the same months of 2002. Vacancies per department averaged 3.9 in 2003, compared with 5.4 in 2001 and 5.1 in 2002. Listings per seeker were 1.4 in 2002 (latest data available) compared with 3.0 or more in 1999 and 2000. Responses to a question directly tying changes in workload to changes in income indicated that reported desires for workload reduction and workload increase were approximately equal. All four information sources have important limitations, but all indicate that the shortage has considerably eased. We plan to study the causes of this easing and continue to monitor the situation.

One Size Doesn't Fit All: Teacher Education in Developing Pacific Island Countries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Serow, Penelope; Taylor, Neil; Burnett, Greg; Sullivan, Terence; Smardon, Dianne; Tarrant, Jodana; Angell, Emily

2014-01-01

In global terms, the world is facing chronic teacher shortages "that will persist beyond 2015 for future decades to come if current trends continue" (UNESCO, 2013). UNESCO reports that the East Asia and Pacific Region need to fill an additional 57,000 teaching positions to achieve universal primary education standards. The closing of the…

Mental Health Professional Shortage Areas in Rural Appalachia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hendryx, Michael

2008-01-01

Context: Research on health disparities in Appalachia has rarely compared Appalachia to other geographic areas in such a way as to isolate possible Appalachian effects. Purpose: This study tests hypotheses that nonmetropolitan Appalachia will have higher levels of mental health professional shortage areas than other nonmetropolitan areas of the…

The NNP/DNP shortage: transforming neonatal nurse practitioners into DNPs.

PubMed

Pressler, Jana L; Kenner, Carole A

2009-01-01

Neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs) represent a high-demand specialty practice that is especially targeted for US secondary and tertiary care neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). NNPs make primary decisions about the caregiving of high-risk newborns at the time of admission, throughout hospitalization, at transfer, and at discharge that require an advanced knowledge base in neonatology as well as NICU clinical experience. NNPs prepared at the master's level are currently in very short supply, with some estimates suggesting that for each NNP who graduates, there are 80 positions open across the country. Even with the present shortage, due to the high cost of NNP education, NNP programs are diminishing and those that are remaining are not graduating a sufficient number of new NNPs each year to keep up with the demand. To add to the basic shortage problem, in 2004 the American Association of Colleges of Nursing decided that by 2015, the terminal degree for all nurse practitioners should move from the master's degree to the doctor of nursing practice (DNP) degree. That decision added a minimum of 12 months of full-time education to the advanced education requirements for nurse practitioners. What impact will the decision to require a DNP degree have on NNP specialty practice? Will even more NNP programs close because of faculty shortages of NNPs prepared at the DNP level? If a worse shortage occurs in the number of NNPs prepared to practice in NICUs, will physician assistants or other nonphysician clinicians who meet the need for advanced neonatal care providers replace NNPs? What steps, if any, can nursing take to ensure that NNP specialty practice is still needed and survives after supplementing the DNP requirement to NNP education?

Successful Transitions: The Texas Educational Aide Exemption Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mann, George; Henderson, Eddie; Riney, Mark

This paper describes an initiative designed to address the various problems that paraprofessional school personnel face in becoming certified teachers. Personnel directors from the Amarillo Independent School District, Texas, met with college personnel to discuss problems in helping teaching aides become certified in shortage areas. They…

Hospital nurse wages and staffing, 1977 to 2002: cycles of shortage and surplus.

PubMed

Spetz, Joanne

2004-09-01

The author reviews the causes of nursing shortages and surpluses and examines data from California hospitals to demonstrate how these cycles are expressed in the demand for and wages of nurses. Nursing shortages have been reported cyclically for more than 50 years in the United States. There has been little data analysis demonstrating the relationship between the current shortage and changes in wages and nurse staffing. Analysis of longitudinal hospital and patient data from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development. Summary statistics of patient utilization, nurse staffing, and nurse wages were computed. The data demonstrate that cyclical shortages are accompanied by higher wages and employment. This has been true in recent years. However, in medical-surgical units, hours per patient day declined between 2001 and 2002, perhaps reflecting the inability of hospitals to find more nurses to meet staffing goals. Nurse staffing per patient day and per discharge have remained stable, despite concerns about low staffing levels. Improved measures of patient care needs and studies of the precise staffing requirements for different types of patients and configurations of staff are required to make recommendations about staffing and policy.

Three Years Evaluation of Drug Shortages from Educational Pharmacies in Tehran

PubMed Central

Gholami, Kheirollah; Kamalinia, Golnaz; Ahmadian Attari, Mohammad Mahdi; Salamzadeh, Jamshid

2012-01-01

The effectiveness of any drug supply systems in providing a trustworthy supply of essential drugs is a critical issue. To evaluate this effectiveness, it is necessary to watch over the status of the essential medicines in any country impartially and continuously. Some countries and also the World Health Organization (WHO) have codified a list of minimum medicines needed for a basic health care system and published them in assortments as a list of essential medicines. The aim of this study was to give an evaluation of the shortages status in Iran and identify the strengths and weaknesses of policies made in Ministry of Health during the years 2005 to 2008 in providing the essential drugs based on the WHO list of essential medicines. The reports used in this retrospective study were collected from the central purchasing unit of one of the main chain drugstores in the country (13-Aban Pharmacy) every 2 to 3 weeks. In these reports, a drug is added to the list of shortages when the requested drug is not delivered. The reports were studied and the results were analyzed based on the WHO list of essential medicines and the national drug list of Iran. The shortages always included 20 to 40 medicines from the list of essential drugs compiled by WHO. Based on this finding, the Ministry of Health and particularly Food and Drug Organization can compile a National List of Essential Medicines and try to always supply them and prevent their shortage. PMID:24250480

Medicine shortages in Fiji: A qualitative exploration of stakeholders’ views

PubMed Central

Chaar, Betty B.; Vera, Numa; Pillai, Alvish S.; Lim, Jessy S.; Bero, Lisa; Moles, Rebekah J.

2017-01-01

Objectives Medicine access is a human right; yet, concerningly, there are international instances of shortages. Quantitative data has allowed WHO to propose global solutions; however, individualised understanding of specific regions is still required to work towards national solutions. Fiji has an established issue with medication supply and the aim of this study was to use qualitative methods to gain a fuller understanding of this context. Methods Semi-structured interviews were used to gain the perspective of key stakeholders involved in the Fijian medicine supply chain in regards to causes, impacts and possible solutions of medicine shortages. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data. Results In total, 48 stakeholders participated and the information was synthesised into three main themes, causes, impacts and solutions and the sub-themes including; political, system and patient causes, adverse health effects on patients, professional dissatisfaction, monetary loss and loss of faith in the health system, workarounds, operation improvements, government intervention and education and training. Conclusions The situation in Fiji is not dissimilar to other instances of shortages around the world and hence international solutions like that proposed by WHO are feasible; however, they must be modified to be uniquely Fijian to work in this context. PMID:28582409

The APSU 0.5m Telescope - A Hands-On Learning Environment for Secondary Teachers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Allyn Smith, J.; Buckner, S. L.; Pirkle, S. F.

2012-05-01

Physical science teachers with hands-on experience are critical to secondary education learning. In "Before It’s Too Late," the U.S. Department of Education (2000) estimated "about 56% of high school students taking physical science are taught by out-of-field teachers." In Tennessee, the problem is even greater, while the demand is increasing. This project aims to address the shortage of well-prepared physics and astronomy teachers. Austin Peay State University has recently installed a 0.5m telescope with imaging and rudimentary spectroscopic capability. We are committed to working with the College of Education to bring secondary teachers in training and practicing secondary teachers to the telescope to experience basic operations and conduct small research projects. This is done via classes and summer workshops. We describe the program setup, expectations for the participants, learning outcomes, and the evaluation process.

Learning by Doing: The Characteristics, Effectiveness, and Persistence of Teachers Who Were Teaching Assistants First

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fortner, C. Kevin; Kershaw, David C.; Bastian, Kevin C.; Lynn, Heather H.

2015-01-01

Background/Context: In response to a shortage of highly qualified teachers, states and school districts have enacted a number of policy innovations over the last two decades. While researchers have evaluated many of these reforms, little is known about the initial effectiveness of individuals with prior teaching assistant experience. We review…

78 FR 75959 - Agency Information Collection (Regulation on Reduction of Nursing Shortages in State Homes...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-13

... DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS [OMB Control No. 2900-0709] Agency Information Collection (Regulation on Reduction of Nursing Shortages in State Homes; Application for Assistance for Hiring and... INFORMATION: Title: Regulation on Reduction of Nursing Shortages in State Homes; Application for Assistance...

Learning from Experience: A New Approach for Teacher Upgrading = Apprendre par l'experience: Une nouvelle approche en matiere de formation et de perfectionnement des enseignants. Notes, Comments...No. 190.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barkatoolah, Amina B. S.

Two of Unesco's major education programs, the universalizaation of basic education and literacy education, have emphasized the need for teachers trained in their particular disciplines and pedagogical techniques. Developing countries, faced with a shortage of qualified teachers, have realized that they cannot rely solely on the formal education…

42 CFR Appendix E to Part 5 - Criteria for Designation of Areas Having Shortages of Podiatric Professional(s)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... barriers (such as economic or cultural barriers). C. Determination of Degree of Shortage. Designated areas... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Criteria for Designation of Areas Having Shortages... OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS DESIGNATION OF HEALTH PROFESSIONAL(S) SHORTAGE AREAS...

7 CFR 3431.5 - Solicitation of veterinarian shortage situations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Solicitation of veterinarian shortage situations. 3431.5 Section 3431.5 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) COOPERATIVE STATE RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND EXTENSION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE VETERINARY MEDICINE LOAN...

Preparing Special Educators Highly Qualified in Content: Alternative Route Certification for Unlicensed Teachers in Rural Georgia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Childre, Amy L.

2014-01-01

The shortage of highly qualified special educators is most pronounced in rural schools serving populations characterized by poverty, low achievement, disability, and cultural diversity. The result is often untrained teachers serving students with the greatest education needs. This article describes efforts by a university in rural middle Georgia…

How Teachers Learn: The Roles of Formal, Informal, and Independent Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, W. Monty; Dexter, Sara

2014-01-01

A qualitative study of math and science teachers at two middle schools identifies how their system for learning to integrate technology into their teaching goes beyond what school leaders typically consider when planning for teachers' learning. In addition to (a) the district-initiated, or formal, system of professional development (PD) and…

Experiences of nurses on the critical shortage of medical equipment at a rural district hospital in South Africa: a qualitative study.

PubMed

Moyimane, Merriam Bautile; Matlala, Sogo France; Kekana, Mokoko Percy

2017-01-01

Medical equipment is an essential health intervention tool used by nurses for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease and for rehabilitation of patients. However, access to functioning medical equipment is a challenge in low- and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization estimated that 50 to 80 percent of medical equipment in developing countries is not working, creating a barrier to the ability of the health system to deliver health services to patients. This study explored and described the lived experiences of nurses working at a district hospital with a critical shortage of medical equipment. A qualitative, exploratory, phenomenological and descriptive study design was used. A purposive sampling was used to select participants and due to saturation of data 14 nurses participated in the study. Research ethics were observed. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews using an interview guide. Interviews were audio-taped and field notes were taken. Voice recordings were transcribed verbatim and Tesch's open coding method was used for data analysis. Findings were confirmed by an independent coder. Critical shortage of medical equipment at the hospital occurred in the form of unavailability of equipment, low quality and poor maintenance of the few that were available. Shortage impacted negatively on nursing care, nursing profession and the hospital. Nurses should be provided with functional medical equipment in order to provide quality nursing care. Management, leadership and governance structures should be strengthened to ensure that procurement and maintenance plans for medical equipment are developed and implemented.

75 FR 45207 - Proposed Information Collection (Regulation on Reduction of Nursing Shortages in State Homes...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-02

... DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS [OMB Control No. 2900-0709] Proposed Information Collection (Regulation on Reduction of Nursing Shortages in State Homes; Application for Assistance for Hiring and... use of other forms of information technology. Title: Regulation on Reduction of Nursing Shortages in...

75 FR 62185 - Proposed Information Collection (Regulation on Reduction of Nursing Shortages in State Homes...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-07

... DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS [OMB Control No. 2900-0709] Proposed Information Collection (Regulation on Reduction of Nursing Shortages in State Homes; Application for Assistance for Hiring and... of Nursing Shortages in State Homes; Application for Assistance for Hiring and Retaining Nurses at...

34 CFR 611.24 - What additional selection criteria are used for a full application that proposes teacher...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) Appropriate academic and student support services; and (3) A comprehensive strategy for addressing shortages... high-quality teacher preparation and an effective support system during their first three years of teaching. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1840-0007) (Authority: 20 U...

34 CFR 611.24 - What additional selection criteria are used for a full application that proposes teacher...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) Appropriate academic and student support services; and (3) A comprehensive strategy for addressing shortages... high-quality teacher preparation and an effective support system during their first three years of teaching. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1840-0007) (Authority: 20 U...

34 CFR 611.24 - What additional selection criteria are used for a full application that proposes teacher...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Appropriate academic and student support services; and (3) A comprehensive strategy for addressing shortages... high-quality teacher preparation and an effective support system during their first three years of teaching. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1840-0007) (Authority: 20 U...

34 CFR 611.24 - What additional selection criteria are used for a full application that proposes teacher...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) Appropriate academic and student support services; and (3) A comprehensive strategy for addressing shortages... high-quality teacher preparation and an effective support system during their first three years of teaching. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1840-0007) (Authority: 20 U...

34 CFR 611.24 - What additional selection criteria are used for a full application that proposes teacher...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) Appropriate academic and student support services; and (3) A comprehensive strategy for addressing shortages... high-quality teacher preparation and an effective support system during their first three years of teaching. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1840-0007) (Authority: 20 U...

SREB Study Indicates Serious Shortage of Nursing Faculty.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Southern Regional Education Board, Atlanta, GA. Council on Collegiate Education for Nursing.

The Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) Council on Collegiate Education for Nursing appointed an ad hoc committee to study the implications of nursing shortages for nursing education programs in the 16 SREB states and the District of Columbia. In May 2001, surveys were sent to 491 colleges and universities that prepare students for licensure…

How To Create an Independent Research Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krieger, Melanie Jacobs

This guide explains how to establish a research program within a school and how to get students involved in independent research projects and national research competitions. Chapter 1, "Selling the Program," examines benefits to the community, school, teachers, and students. Chapter 2, "Assessing Your Situation," discusses how independent research…

Online Learning: Addressing Challenges and Seizing Opportunities. Oregon

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alliance for Excellent Education, 2010

2010-01-01

America's K-12 education system faces three significant challenges: (1) increased global demands for skilled workers, (2) significant financial shortfalls, and (3) a looming teacher shortage. Independently, these factors present significant challenges for U.S. schools. In combination, they create a national imperative for swift action to create a…

Online Learning: Addressing Challenges and Seizing Opportunities. Minnesota

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alliance for Excellent Education, 2010

2010-01-01

America's K-12 education system faces three significant challenges: (1) increased global demands for skilled workers, (2) significant financial shortfalls, and (3) a looming teacher shortage. Independently, these factors present significant challenges for U.S. schools. In combination, they create a national imperative for swift action to create a…

Online Learning: Addressing Challenges and Seizing Opportunities. Hawaii

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alliance for Excellent Education, 2010

2010-01-01

America's K-12 education system faces three significant challenges: (1) increased global demands for skilled workers, (2) significant financial shortfalls, and (3) a looming teacher shortage. Independently, these factors present significant challenges for U.S. schools. In combination, they create a national imperative for swift action to create a…

Online Learning: Addressing Challenges and Seizing Opportunities. Idaho

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alliance for Excellent Education, 2010

2010-01-01

America's K-12 education system faces three significant challenges: (1) increased global demands for skilled workers, (2) significant financial shortfalls, and (3) a looming teacher shortage. Independently, these factors present significant challenges for U.S. schools. In combination, they create a national imperative for swift action to create a…

Online Learning: Addressing Challenges and Seizing Opportunities. New Mexico

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alliance for Excellent Education, 2010

2010-01-01

America's K-12 education system faces three significant challenges: (1) increased global demands for skilled workers, (2) significant financial shortfalls, and (3) a looming teacher shortage. Independently, these factors present significant challenges for U.S. schools. In combination, they create a national imperative for swift action to create a…

Online Learning: Addressing Challenges and Seizing Opportunities. New Hampshire

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alliance for Excellent Education, 2010

2010-01-01

America's K-12 education system faces three significant challenges: (1) increased global demands for skilled workers, (2) significant financial shortfalls, and (3) a looming teacher shortage. Independently, these factors present significant challenges for U.S. schools. In combination, they create a national imperative for swift action to create a…

Online Learning: Addressing Challenges and Seizing Opportunities. Wisconsin

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alliance for Excellent Education, 2010

2010-01-01

America's K-12 education system faces three significant challenges: (1) increased global demands for skilled workers, (2) significant financial shortfalls, and (3) a looming teacher shortage. Independently, these factors present significant challenges for U.S. schools. In combination, they create a national imperative for swift action to create a…

Surplus or shortage? Unraveling the physician supply conundrum.

PubMed Central

Rosenblatt, R. A.; Lishner, D. M.

1991-01-01

Although the supply of physicians in the United States has doubled during the past 20 years, there is still disagreement as to whether we currently have or should expect a significant surplus of physicians. The evidence suggests that despite the rapid expansion in the pool of available physicians, serious physician shortages persist for certain rural populations, ethnic and occupational groups, and other medically disadvantaged segments of the population. Medical students' declining interest in rural practice and primary care specialties suggests that problems of geographic and specialty maldistribution may worsen despite a rising population of physicians. It is unlikely that a significant physician surplus will develop unless there is a conscious attempt to limit the proportion of national wealth expended on medical care. Pockets of shortage can be reduced by broadening the availability of health insurance, lessening large income disparities between different specialties, changing the way teaching institutions are reimbursed for their training costs, and supporting direct governmental service programs such as the National Health Service Corps. PMID:2024510

42 CFR Appendix G to Part 5 - Criteria for Designation of Areas Having Shortages of Veterinary Professional(s)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... food animal veterinarian shortage to meet this ratio is at least 0.5. 3. Food animal veterinarians in... companion animal veterinary shortage to meet this ratio is at least 0.5. 3. Companion animal veterinarians... follows: (a) Food animal veterinarian shortage=(VLU/10,000)−(number of food animal veterinarians). (b...

42 CFR Appendix G to Part 5 - Criteria for Designation of Areas Having Shortages of Veterinary Professional(s)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... food animal veterinarian shortage to meet this ratio is at least 0.5. 3. Food animal veterinarians in... companion animal veterinary shortage to meet this ratio is at least 0.5. 3. Companion animal veterinarians... follows: (a) Food animal veterinarian shortage=(VLU/10,000)−(number of food animal veterinarians). (b...

42 CFR Appendix G to Part 5 - Criteria for Designation of Areas Having Shortages of Veterinary Professional(s)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... food animal veterinarian shortage to meet this ratio is at least 0.5. 3. Food animal veterinarians in... companion animal veterinary shortage to meet this ratio is at least 0.5. 3. Companion animal veterinarians... follows: (a) Food animal veterinarian shortage=(VLU/10,000)−(number of food animal veterinarians). (b...

Water shortage risk assessment considering large-scale regional transfers: a copula-based uncertainty case study in Lunan, China.

PubMed

Gao, Xueping; Liu, Yinzhu; Sun, Bowen

2018-06-05

The risk of water shortage caused by uncertainties, such as frequent drought, varied precipitation, multiple water resources, and different water demands, brings new challenges to the water transfer projects. Uncertainties exist for transferring water and local surface water; therefore, the relationship between them should be thoroughly studied to prevent water shortage. For more effective water management, an uncertainty-based water shortage risk assessment model (UWSRAM) is developed to study the combined effect of multiple water resources and analyze the shortage degree under uncertainty. The UWSRAM combines copula-based Monte Carlo stochastic simulation and the chance-constrained programming-stochastic multiobjective optimization model, using the Lunan water-receiving area in China as an example. Statistical copula functions are employed to estimate the joint probability of available transferring water and local surface water and sampling from the multivariate probability distribution, which are used as inputs for the optimization model. The approach reveals the distribution of water shortage and is able to emphasize the importance of improving and updating transferring water and local surface water management, and examine their combined influence on water shortage risk assessment. The possible available water and shortages can be calculated applying the UWSRAM, also with the corresponding allocation measures under different water availability levels and violating probabilities. The UWSRAM is valuable for mastering the overall multi-water resource and water shortage degree, adapting to the uncertainty surrounding water resources, establishing effective water resource planning policies for managers and achieving sustainable development.

7 CFR 3431.5 - Solicitation of veterinarian shortage situations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Solicitation of veterinarian shortage situations. 3431.5 Section 3431.5 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE VETERINARY MEDICINE LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAM Designation of Veterinarian...

The nursing shortage: an update for occupational health nurses.

PubMed

Palmer, Carol

2003-12-01

Nursing is about to realize the worst shortage in history at the same time the first baby boomers are increasing the need for health care. A large component of the current and projected nursing shortage is the aging of the RN work force. Several factors contribute to the aging of the work force, including overall decline in nursing as a chosen profession, the increasing age of nursing graduates, and the aging of the existing RN work force. Job dissatisfaction has been a key issue contributing to the crisis related to recruitment and retention of nurses. Inadequate staffing, heavy workloads, flat salaries, and increased use of mandatory overtime are primary issues related to job dissatisfaction. Job dissatisfaction issues are key components of retention of nursing personnel. Occupational health nurses are experts in dealing with issues of ergonomic challenges, workplace violence, mandatory overtime, stress related injuries, and high stress associated with nursing.

Fulsome conundrum: solving the nation's shortage of photonics personnel with education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moore, Steven D.

2002-05-01

Nationwide, photonics technicians are in short supply. Even with the recent downturn in the nation's economy, thousands of technicians are needed by traditional optics manufacturing companies, telecommunications providers, defense contractors, and other industries that rely on photonics technologies. Though many reasons have been offered to explain why the shortage has occurred, the lack of technicians remains a fulsome conundrum. This paper addresses ten hypotheses commonly cited to explain the shortage of qualified technicians. Then, the evidence that supports or disconfirms the hypothesis is explored. Direct and indirect actions are identified that photonics industries could take to help alleviate the shortage of trained personnel. Direct actions include (1) collaborating with appropriate experts to study the problem in more detail; (2) conducting outreach programs with local schools and informal education centers; and (3) helping produce K - 12 educational materials that integrate photonics concepts into all areas of the school curriculum. Indirect actions include (1) collaborating in building educational systems that encourage young people to pursue technical careers: (2) becoming part of the K-college educational enterprise; (3) lobbying federal and state governmental agencies; and (4) engaging in partnerships.

Does Feedback-Related Brain Response during Reinforcement Learning Predict Socio-motivational (In-)dependence in Adolescence?

PubMed Central

Raufelder, Diana; Boehme, Rebecca; Romund, Lydia; Golde, Sabrina; Lorenz, Robert C.; Gleich, Tobias; Beck, Anne

2016-01-01

This multi-methodological study applied functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate neural activation in a group of adolescent students (N = 88) during a probabilistic reinforcement learning task. We related patterns of emerging brain activity and individual learning rates to socio-motivational (in-)dependence manifested in four different motivation types (MTs): (1) peer-dependent MT, (2) teacher-dependent MT, (3) peer-and-teacher-dependent MT, (4) peer-and-teacher-independent MT. A multinomial regression analysis revealed that the individual learning rate predicts students’ membership to the independent MT, or the peer-and-teacher-dependent MT. Additionally, the striatum, a brain region associated with behavioral adaptation and flexibility, showed increased learning-related activation in students with motivational independence. Moreover, the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in behavioral control, was more active in students of the peer-and-teacher-dependent MT. Overall, this study offers new insights into the interplay of motivation and learning with (1) a focus on inter-individual differences in the role of peers and teachers as source of students’ individual motivation and (2) its potential neurobiological basis. PMID:27199873

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Institutional Manpower Training in Meeting Employers' Needs in Skills Shortage Occupations. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olympus Research Corp., Salt Lake City, UT.

Reasons for the failure of the Manpower Development and Training Act (MDTA) of 1962 to meet its major objective of alleviating skills shortages are recorded and analyzed. The lack of skills shortages was admitted to be the main reason for the shortcomings in performance, although the term "skills shortage" had yet to be defined and…

Are word-of-mouth communications contributing to a shortage of nephrology nurses?

PubMed

Wolfe, William A

2014-01-01

Nephrology nurse shortages have historically been viewed as a subset of the overall nursing supply in the United States. Not-here-to-fore considered as a contributing factor are the effects of word-of-mouth and Internet-based word-of-mouth communications from nurses who have had disappointing work experiences in hemodialysis clinics. This article discusses the potential effects of word-of-mouse communications and posits that negative word-of-mouse communications may discourage new and experienced nurses from considering the specialty of nephrology nursing, thus contributing to a nephrology nursing shortage.

A call to action for nurses: declining enrollment and the nursing shortage.

PubMed

Albaugh, J A

2001-10-01

Once again, nursing and health care face a crisis related to the continued decline in nursing school enrollment and the nursing shortage. This particular shortage seems to be especially problematic because of the increased number of aging baby boomers and the dwindling professional nurse pool. Nurses must work together to increase understanding and awareness of the opportunities in the profession and to resolve this crisis. There are specific actions nurses can take to improve the perception of nursing and renew interest in a dynamic field that is so crucial to society.

Education Policy Initiatives To Address The Nurse Shortage In The United States

PubMed Central

Aiken, Linda H.; Cheung, Robyn B.; Olds, Danielle M.

2009-01-01

Employment opportunities are expected to grow much faster for registered nurses (RNs) than for most other occupations. Yet a major shortage of nurses is projected by 2020. A nurse faculty shortage and financially strapped colleges and universities are limiting the ability of U.S. nursing schools to take advantage of historically high numbers of qualified applicants. Increased public subsidies are needed to provide greater access to nursing education, with a priority on baccalaureate and graduate nursing education, where job growth is expected to be the greatest. PMID:19525285

Research on water shortage risks and countermeasures in North China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Yuxiang; Fang, Wenxuan; Wu, Ziqin

2017-05-01

In the paper, a grey forecasting model and a population growth model are established for forecasting water resources supply and demand situation in the region, and evaluating the scarcity of water resources thereof in order to solve the problem of water shortage in North China. A concrete plan for alleviating water resources pressure is proposed with AHP as basis, thereby discussing the feasibility of the plan. Firstly, water resources supply and demand in the future 15 years are predicted. There are four sources for the demand of water resources mainly: industry, agriculture, ecology and resident living. Main supply sources include surface water and underground water resources. A grey forecasting method is adopted for predicting in the paper aiming at water resources demands since industrial, agricultural and ecological water consumption data have excessive decision factors and the correlation is relatively fuzzy. Since residents' water consumption is determined by per capita water consumption and local population, a logistic growth model is adopted to forecast the population. The grey forecasting method is used for predicting per capita water consumption, and total water demand can be obtained finally. International calculation standards are adopted as reference aiming at water supply. The grey forecasting method is adopted for forecasting surface water quantity and underground water quantity, and water resources supply is obtained finally. Per capita water availability in the region is calculated by comparing the water resources supply and demand. Results show that per capita water availability in the region is only 283 cubic meters this year, people live in serious water shortage region, who will suffer from water shortage state for long time. Then, sensitivity analysis is applied for model test. The test result is excellent, and the prediction results are more accurate. In the paper, the following measures are proposed for improving water resources condition

The reasons behind medicine shortages from the perspective of pharmaceutical companies and pharmaceutical wholesalers in Finland.

PubMed

Heiskanen, Kati; Ahonen, Riitta; Kanerva, Risto; Karttunen, Pekka; Timonen, Johanna

2017-01-01

The aim of this study was to explore the reasons behind medicine shortages from the perspective of pharmaceutical companies and pharmaceutical wholesalers in Finland. The study took the form of semi-structured interviews. Forty-one pharmaceutical companies and pharmaceutical wholesalers were invited to participate in the study. The pharmaceutical companies were the member organizations of Pharma Industry Finland (PIF) (N = 30) and the Finnish Generic Pharmaceutical Association (FGPA) (N = 7). One company which is a central player in the pharmaceutical market in Finland but does not belong to PIF or FGPA was also invited. The pharmaceutical wholesalers were those with a nationwide distribution network (N = 3). A total of 30 interviews were conducted between March and June 2016. The data were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis. The most common reasons behind medicine shortages in Finland were the small size of the pharmaceutical market (29/30), sudden or fluctuating demand (28/30), small stock sizes (25/30), long delivery time (23/30) and a long or complex production chain (23/30). The reasons for the medicine shortages were supply-related more often than demand-related. However, the reasons were often complex and there was more than one reason behind a shortage. Supply-related reasons behind shortages commonly interfaced with the country-specific characteristics of Finland, whereas demand-related reasons were commonly associated with the predictability and attractiveness of the market. Some reasons, such as raw material shortages, were considered global and thus had similar effects on other countries.

The Online Learning Imperative: A Solution to Three Looming Crises in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wise, Bob

2010-01-01

Currently, K-12 education in the United States is dealing with three major challenges: (1) global skill demands versus educational attainment; (2) the funding cliff; and (3) a looming teacher shortage. Independently, these factors present significant challenges. In combination, they create a national imperative for swift action to create a more…

The global workforce shortages and the migration of medical professions: the Australian policy response

PubMed Central

Smith, Saxon D

2008-01-01

Medical migration sees the providers of medical services (in particular medical practitioners) moving from one region or country to another. This creates problems for the provision of public health and medical services and poses challenges for laws in the nation state and for laws in the global community. There exists a global shortage of healthcare professionals. Nation states and health rights movements have been both responsible for, and responsive to, this global community shortage through a variety of health policy, regulation and legislation which directly affects the migration of medical providers. The microcosm responses adopted by individual nation states, such as Australia, to this workforce shortage further impact on the global workforce shortage through active recruitment of overseas-trained healthcare professionals. "Push" and "pull" factors exist which encourage medical migration of healthcare professionals. A nation state's approach to health policy, regulation and legislation dramatically helps to create these "push factors" and "pull factors". A co-ordinated global response is required with individual nation states being cognisant of the impact of their health policy, regulations and legislation on the global community through the medical migration of healthcare professionals. PMID:18507867

A student nurse experience of an intervention that addresses the perioperative nursing shortage.

PubMed

Monahan, J Carter

2015-11-01

Registered nurses are the largest group of professionals in the global healthcare system. The number of nurses is estimated to be 19.3 million throughout the world (Flinkman et al 2013). In the United States the need for registered nurses is growing. It has been predicted that 260,000 positions for registered nurses will remain unfilled by the year 2025 (Harris et al 2014) with a shortage of registered nurses projected to spread across the United States between 2009 and 2030 (Juraschek et al 2012). Compounding the projected nursing shortage is the increased attrition rate, which is as high as 61% within the first year (Pine & Tart 2007). There are several reasons for this shortage including supply and demand issues, projected changes to healthcare and the aging population. Additionally, the number of college graduates who have majored in nursing has not met the demand (Dunn 2014).

Solve the organ shortage: let the bidding begin!

PubMed

Kevorkian, J

2001-01-01

Commercialization of transplantable human organs is the only sure way to end the crisis of their supply. This is best accomplished by implementing a free, non-profit, nationwide, ultimately global online auction market. It should be independent of the current United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) system dealing solely with altruistic donation, and of governmental, sectarian, academic, and other bureaucratic control. The operation of such an auction is described with a hypothetical example. An included provision guarantees equity for poor, uninsured, and indigent recipients. Money accrued can be substantial, and would be disbursed by established formula, with major portions going to donors' families and to special funds to be used to bid for the poor and to defray costs incurred by them. As the organ shortage eases, bid prices should drop, resulting perhaps in eventual altruistic donation. Objections to commericalization based on ethics, bodily sanctity, inequity, pecuniary greed, and the slippery slope tocsin are nullified by cogent arguments and examples. The current situation has worsened despite so-called required request laws, proposed token payments to cover funeral expenses for donor families, and extensive media advertising to spur altruistic donation. Prohibitive national and state laws must be rescinded for the sake of more than 60,000 patients now on lengthening waiting lists. A profession committed to saving lives is duty-bound to endorse, help implement, and participate in an auction system dedicated to that end.

Future Skill Shortages in the U.S. Economy?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neumark, David; Johnson, Hans; Mejia, Marisol Cuellar

2013-01-01

The impending retirement of the baby boom cohort represents the first time in the history of the United States that such a large and well-educated group of workers will exit the labor force. This could imply skill shortages in the U.S. economy. We develop near-term labor force projections of the educational demands on the workforce and the supply…

Science Teacher Education Partnerships with Schools (STEPS): Partnerships in Science Teacher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kenny, John Daniel; Hobbs, Linda; Herbert, Sandra; Chittleborough, Gail; Campbell, Coral; Jones, Mellita; Gilbert, Andrew; Redman, Christine

2014-01-01

This paper reports on the STEPS project which addressed international concerns about primary teachers' lack of confidence to teach science, and on-going questions about the effectiveness of teacher education. The five universities involved had each independently established a science education program incorporating school-based partnerships…

The effects of a patient shortage on general practitioners' future income and list of patients.

PubMed

Iversen, Tor

2004-07-01

The literature on physician-induced demand (PID) suffers from an inability to distinguish between the effect of better access and the effect of patient shortage. Data from the Norwegian capitation trial in general practice give us an opportunity to make this distinction and hence, study whether service provision by physicians is partly income-motivated. In the capitation trial, each general practitioner (GP) has a personal list of patients. The payment system is a mix of a capitation fee and a fee for service. The data set has information on patient shortage, i.e. a positive difference between a GP's preferred and actual list size, at the individual practice level. From a model of a GP's optimal choice we derive the GP's optimal practice profile contingent on whether the GP experiences a shortage of patients or not. To what extent GPs, who experience a shortage, will undertake measures to attract patients or embark on a service-intensive practice style depends on the costs of the various measures relative to their expected benefit. The model classifies GPs into five types. In the empirical analysis a panel of GPs is followed for 5 years. Hence, transitory effects should have been exhausted. We show that GPs who experience a shortage of patients have a higher income per listed person than their unrationed colleagues.

Skill Shortages: Prevalence, Causes, Remedies and Consequences for Australian Businesses. NCVER Monograph Series 09/2012

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Healy, Joshua; Mavromaras, Kostas; Sloane, Peter J.

2012-01-01

Although skill shortages are often portrayed as a significant problem for the Australian economy, there is surprisingly little evidence about their prevalence, causes and consequences. It is difficult to find robust evidence about where skill shortages occur, why they occur, what businesses try to do about them and whether their responses are…

Another Tool in the Belt: Self-Directed Professional Learning for Teachers of Students with Moderate and Severe Disabiliites

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shurr, Jordan; Hirth, Marilyn; Jasper, Andrea; McCollow, Meaghan; Heroux, JoDell

2014-01-01

Chronic shortages, high attrition rates, the unique demands of the job, and geographic isolation from colleagues have been identified as unique challenges within the profession for teachers of students with moderate and severe disabilities. Many different forms of professional development exist for educators; however, these experiences do not…

19 CFR 18.6 - Short shipments; shortages; entry and allowance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., in the case of a partial shortage. (d) If merchandise covered by a carnet cannot be recovered intact... and birds found by the discharging officer to be dead on arrival at destination, shall be made in the...

19 CFR 18.6 - Short shipments; shortages; entry and allowance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., in the case of a partial shortage. (d) If merchandise covered by a carnet cannot be recovered intact... and birds found by the discharging officer to be dead on arrival at destination, shall be made in the...

77 FR 38838 - Lists of Designated Primary Medical Care, Mental Health, and Dental Health Professional Shortage...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-29

... Designated Primary Medical Care, Mental Health, and Dental Health Professional Shortage Areas AGENCY: Health... facilities designated as primary medical care, mental health, and dental health professional shortage areas... primary care, dental, or mental health services in these HPSAs. NHSC health [[Page 38839

Could the organ shortage ever be met?

PubMed

Levitt, Mairi

2015-01-01

The organ shortage is commonly presented as having a clear solution, increase the number of organs donated and the problem will be solved. In the light of the Northern Ireland Assembly's consultation on moving to an opt-out organ donor register this article focuses on the social factors and complexities which impact strongly on both the supply of, and demand for, transplantable organs. Judging by the experience of other countries presumed consent systems may or may not increase donations but have not met demand. Donation rates have risen considerably in all parts of the UK recently but there is also an increasing demand for organs. Looking at international donation rates and attitudes, future demand for organs and education on donation, the question is whether the organ shortage could ever be met. The increase in longevity, in rates of diabetes and obesity and in alcohol related liver disease all contribute both to increased demand for transplants, and re-transplants, and a reduction in the number of usable organs. It is unlikely that demand could ever be met, since, if supply was unlimited, the focus would move to financial resources and competing demands on the health care budget in a publicly funded health system. These factors point to the need to focus on ways of reducing, or at least stabilizing, demand where lifestyle factors contribute to the underlying disease.

Experiences of nurses on the critical shortage of medical equipment at a rural district hospital in South Africa: a qualitative study

PubMed Central

Moyimane, Merriam Bautile; Matlala, Sogo France; Kekana, Mokoko Percy

2017-01-01

Introduction Medical equipment is an essential health intervention tool used by nurses for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease and for rehabilitation of patients. However, access to functioning medical equipment is a challenge in low- and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization estimated that 50 to 80 percent of medical equipment in developing countries is not working, creating a barrier to the ability of the health system to deliver health services to patients. This study explored and described the lived experiences of nurses working at a district hospital with a critical shortage of medical equipment. Methods A qualitative, exploratory, phenomenological and descriptive study design was used. A purposive sampling was used to select participants and due to saturation of data 14 nurses participated in the study. Research ethics were observed. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews using an interview guide. Interviews were audio-taped and field notes were taken. Voice recordings were transcribed verbatim and Tesch’s open coding method was used for data analysis. Findings were confirmed by an independent coder. Results Critical shortage of medical equipment at the hospital occurred in the form of unavailability of equipment, low quality and poor maintenance of the few that were available. Shortage impacted negatively on nursing care, nursing profession and the hospital. Conclusion Nurses should be provided with functional medical equipment in order to provide quality nursing care. Management, leadership and governance structures should be strengthened to ensure that procurement and maintenance plans for medical equipment are developed and implemented. PMID:29515718

Primary care workforce shortages and career recommendations from practicing clinicians.

PubMed

DesRoches, Catherine M; Buerhaus, Peter; Dittus, Robert S; Donelan, Karen

2015-05-01

The success of efforts to bolster the primary care workforce rests in part on how these clinicians view their professions and their willingness to recommend their careers to others. The authors sought to examine career and job satisfaction, perceptions of workforce shortages, and willingness to make career recommendations among primary care physicians (PCPs) and primary care nurse practitioners (PCNPs). In 2012, the authors mailed a national survey concerning the issues above to 1,914 randomly chosen clinicians found on national databases: 957 PCPs and 957 PCNPs. A total of 972 eligible clinicians (505 PCPs, 467 PCNPs) returned the survey. Using standard opinion research procedures, the authors estimated there were approximately 1,589 eligible clinicians in their sample (response rate, 61.2%). PCNPs and PCPs were more likely to recommend a career as a PCNP than as a PCP, despite the perception among all clinicians of a serious shortage of PCPs nationally and in their own communities. This finding held among PCNPs who reported low workplace autonomy and among PCPs reporting that they were satisfied with their own careers. Efforts to solve the primary care workforce shortage that ignore the significant dissatisfaction of PCPs with their own careers are unlikely to be successful. Simply adding training slots and increasing reimbursement rates will do little to solve the problem if PCPs continue to view their own careers as ones they cannot recommend to others.

The reasons behind medicine shortages from the perspective of pharmaceutical companies and pharmaceutical wholesalers in Finland

PubMed Central

Ahonen, Riitta; Kanerva, Risto; Karttunen, Pekka; Timonen, Johanna

2017-01-01

The aim of this study was to explore the reasons behind medicine shortages from the perspective of pharmaceutical companies and pharmaceutical wholesalers in Finland. The study took the form of semi-structured interviews. Forty-one pharmaceutical companies and pharmaceutical wholesalers were invited to participate in the study. The pharmaceutical companies were the member organizations of Pharma Industry Finland (PIF) (N = 30) and the Finnish Generic Pharmaceutical Association (FGPA) (N = 7). One company which is a central player in the pharmaceutical market in Finland but does not belong to PIF or FGPA was also invited. The pharmaceutical wholesalers were those with a nationwide distribution network (N = 3). A total of 30 interviews were conducted between March and June 2016. The data were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis. The most common reasons behind medicine shortages in Finland were the small size of the pharmaceutical market (29/30), sudden or fluctuating demand (28/30), small stock sizes (25/30), long delivery time (23/30) and a long or complex production chain (23/30). The reasons for the medicine shortages were supply-related more often than demand-related. However, the reasons were often complex and there was more than one reason behind a shortage. Supply-related reasons behind shortages commonly interfaced with the country-specific characteristics of Finland, whereas demand-related reasons were commonly associated with the predictability and attractiveness of the market. Some reasons, such as raw material shortages, were considered global and thus had similar effects on other countries. PMID:28658307

Special Education Professional Development Needs in Zimbabwe

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chitiyo, Morgan; Hughes, Elizabeth M.; Changara, Darlington M.; Chitiyo, George; Montgomery, Kristen M.

2017-01-01

Since 1980 when Zimbabwe obtained political independence, special education has not received the same priority as the entire education system. One of the manifestations of this discrepancy is the shortage of qualified special education teachers in the country. In order to address this trend and promote the development of special education,…

Implementing Educational Policies in Swaziland. World Bank Discussion Papers No. 88. Africa Technical Department Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Magalula, Cisco

At the time of independence in 1968, education in Swaziland was characterized by poor quality, uneven distribution of schools, high dropout and repeater rates, serious shortages of teachers, and inappropriate and highly academic curricula. This paper describes the status of present-day education in Swaziland in terms of the effect of government…

Medical Supplies Shortages and Burnout among Greek Health Care Workers during Economic Crisis: a Pilot Study

PubMed Central

Rachiotis, George; Kourousis, Christos; Kamilaraki, Maria; Symvoulakis, Emmanouil K.; Dounias, George; Hadjichristodoulou, Christos

2014-01-01

Greece has been seriously affected by the economic crisis. In 2011 there were reports of 40% reduction to public hospital budgets. Occasional shortages of medical supplies have been reported in mass media. We attempted to pivotally investigate the frequency of medical supplies shortages in two Greek hospital units of the National Health System and to also assess their possible impact on burnout risk of health care workers. We conducted a cross-sectional study (n=303) of health care workers in two Greek hospitals who were present at the workplace during a casually selected working day (morning shift work). The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used as the measure of burnout. An additional questionnaire was used about demographics, and working conditions (duration of employment, cumulative night shifts, type of hospital including medical supplies shortages and their impact on quality of healthcare. The prevalence of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low personal accomplishment was 44.5%, 43.2% and 51.5%, respectively. Medical supply shortages were significantly associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. This finding provides preliminary evidence that austerity has affected health care in Greece. Moreover, the medical supply shortages in Greek hospitals may reflect the unfolding humanitarian crisis of the country. PMID:24688306

Satisfaction in nursing in the context of shortage.

PubMed

Morgan, Jennifer Craft; Lynn, Mary R

2009-04-01

This paper describes the central themes nurses identify as important to their overall evaluation of their work. In particular, this paper highlights how the context of the nursing shortage interacts with what nurses understand to be satisfying about their work. On the brink of a current and enduring nursing shortage in the US, this study provides Nurse Managers with an understanding of the dimensions of work satisfaction which they can then utilize to improve retention of incumbent nurses. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 currently employed nurses to explore the concepts that shape their work satisfaction. The nurses, 25 to 55 years old, were predominantly female and Associate Degree or Baccalaureate prepared. Nurses have both intrinsic and extrinsic satisfiers in their work. The traditional satisfiers (pay and benefits) are not the principle satisfiers of today's nurses. In the context of shortage, the aspects of nursing that are the most rewarding are the aspects that are most often sacrificed in the interest of 'getting the job done'. Nurses are finding it difficult to continue to do 'more with less' and are frustrated they are not able to provide the care they were educated to be able to deliver. The description of the dimensions of work satisfaction can provide insight for Nurse Managers and administrators who are interested in improving both recruitment and retention of nurses. Areas identified worthy of focus in retention efforts include: increasing autonomy; reallocating work in a more patient-centred way; creating systems to recognize achievement in the areas of mentoring nurses, educating patients and personal growth in practice; creating meaningful internal labour markets; and enhancing supervisor and administrative support. Managers and administrators should focus on the satisfiers nurses identify if they wish to retain nurses. The traditional focus on extrinsic rewards will not likely be sufficient to retain today's nurses. Retention

Methodologies Used by Midwest Region States for Studying Teacher Supply and Demand. Issues & Answers. REL 2009-080

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lindsay, James J.; Wan, Yinmei; Gossin-Wilson, Will

2009-01-01

This report describes how state education agencies in the Midwest Region monitor teacher supply, demand, and shortage; details why they monitor these data; and offers estimates of the monetary costs incurred in performing such studies. This study responds to a request from state education agencies in the Midwest Region (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,…

Growing Pains: Teacher Becoming a Transformative Agent

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lanas, Maija; Kiilakoski, Tomi

2013-01-01

This paper asks how a teacher transforms from constrained and controlled to an independent yet dialogical agent. We analyse and describe the transformation of a teacher in the Finnish rural north in one school semester from a "conforming" teacher to a "transformative teacher," examining the narrative of her personal journal and…

Estimating the residency expansion required to avoid projected primary care physician shortages by 2035.

PubMed

Petterson, Stephen M; Liaw, Winston R; Tran, Carol; Bazemore, Andrew W

2015-03-01

The purpose of this study was to calculate the projected primary care physician shortage, determine the amount and composition of residency growth needed, and estimate the impact of retirement age and panel size changes. We used the 2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to calculate utilization of ambulatory primary care services and the US Census Bureau to project demographic changes. To determine the baseline number of primary care physicians and the number retiring at 66 years, we used the 2014 American Medical Association Masterfile. Using specialty board and American Osteopathic Association figures, we estimated the annual production of primary care residents. To calculate shortages, we subtracted the accumulated primary care physician production from the accumulated number of primary care physicians needed for each year from 2015 to 2035. More than 44,000 primary care physicians will be needed by 2035. Current primary care production rates will be unable to meet demand, resulting in a shortage in excess of 33,000 primary care physicians. Given current production, an additional 1,700 primary care residency slots will be necessary by 2035. A 10% reduction in the ratio of population per primary care physician would require more than 3,000 additional slots by 2035, whereas changing the expected retirement age from 66 years to 64 years would require more than 2,400 additional slots. To eliminate projected shortages in 2035, primary care residency production must increase by 21% compared with current production. Delivery models that shift toward smaller ratios of population to primary care physicians may substantially increase the shortage. © 2015 Annals of Family Medicine, Inc.

Addressing the Causes of Chef Shortages in the UK

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pratten, John; O'Leary, Barbara

2007-01-01

Purpose: To outline the reasons for staff shortages in the UK catering industry and then to decide if further training could help to address these issues. Design/methodology/approach: The objectives have been achieved by examining the training provisions at a college, and then asking the students, their training staff, employers and employees…

Task Force on Teacher Education in Physics: Findings and Recommendations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Otero, Valerie

2010-03-01

In response to the national crisis in science education, including low performance in high school physical science and a critical shortage of highly qualified physics teachers, a National Task Force was convened to investigate the state of physics education in the United States. The Task Force spent one year collecting data from over 900 universities and conducting site visits at 13 universities that were identified as ``high producers'' of physics teachers. The final report of the Task Force will be published early in 2010 and will highlight the findings and recommendations that resulted from the study. In this presentation, the main findings and recommendations will be presented along with selected case studies that illustrate exemplary practices in physics and education departments.

Field-Based Internship Models for Alternative Certification of Science and Mathematics Teachers: Views of Interns, Mentors, and University Educators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arbaugh, Fran; Abell, Sandra; Lannin, John; Volkmann, Mark; Boone, William

2007-01-01

In response to shortages of science and mathematics teachers in the U.S., many states have promoted alternative routes to certification in which individuals with non-education undergraduate degrees can become certificated in shorter timeframes than in traditional programs. One consideration in designing alternative programs is how to arrange…

Idaho's Educator Landscape: How Is the State's Teacher Workforce Responding to Its Students' Needs?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hanson, Havala; Yoon, Sun Young

2018-01-01

Many school districts in the United States are facing severe teacher shortages (Bordonaro, 2017; Palmer, 2017; Seattle Pacific University, 2017; Whaley, 2017). In several states--including Idaho--the difficulty of hiring qualified candidates has expanded beyond historical high-need content areas such as special education and mathematics to include…

Potential Ways to Address Shortage Situations of 99Mo/99mTc.

PubMed

Filzen, Leah M; Ellingson, Lacey R; Paulsen, Andrew M; Hung, Joseph C

2017-03-01

99m Tc, the most common radioisotope used in nuclear medicine, is produced in a nuclear reactor from the decay of 99 Mo. There are only a few aging nuclear reactors around the world that produce 99 Mo, and one of the major contributors, the National Research Universal (Canada), ceased production on October 31, 2016. The National Research Universal produced approximately 40% of the world's 99 Mo supply, so with its shut down, shortages of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc are expected. Methods: Nuclear pharmacies and nuclear medicine departments throughout the United States were contacted and asked to provide their strategies for coping with a shortage of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc. Each of these strategies was evaluated on the basis of its effectiveness for conserving 99m Tc while still meeting the needs of the patients. Results: From the responses, the following 6 categories of strategies, in order of importance, were compiled: contractual agreements with commercial nuclear pharmacies, alternative imaging protocols, changes in imaging schedules, software use, generator management, and reduction of ordered doses or elimination of backup doses. Conclusion: The supply chain of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc is quite fragile; therefore, being aware of the most appropriate coping strategies is crucial. It is essential to build a strong collaboration between the nuclear pharmacy and nuclear medicine department during a shortage situation. With both nuclear medicine departments and nuclear pharmacies implementing viable strategies, such as the ones proposed, the amount of 99m Tc available during a shortage situation can be maximized. © 2017 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

America's New Deficit: The Shortage of Information Technology Workers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Technology Policy (DOC), Washington, DC.

According to a recent survey of midsized and large U.S. companies, approximately 190,000 information technology (IT) jobs are unfilled because of a shortage of qualified workers. The formal, four-year education system is producing only a small proportion of the workers required. IT workers can also obtain skills from two-year associate…

[Shortage of physicians in anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine - Causes, consequences and solutions].

PubMed

Papenfuß, Tim; Roch, Carmen

2012-05-01

74% of all hospitals had vacant positions in 2011, also departments of anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine. More than 50% of these departments work with locums. There are couple of reasons for the shortage of physicians. The consequences in anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine can result in qualitative and financial loss. To solve the shortage of physicians one has to solve the reasons. Main reasons are increasing feminization of medical profession and part-time-work, work-life-balance and a poor specialised education. © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York.

The Human Constraint; The Coming Shortage of Managerial Talent.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miner, John B.

The prospect of a massive managerial talent shortage in the United States and what can be done about it are the central concerns of the study, which revealed a notable decline in motivation to manage among business students and young managers. Part 1 defines the components of motivation to manage and their vital relationship to personal and…

76 FR 68770 - Product Shortage Report; Availability; Request for Comments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-07

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2011-N-0690] Product Shortage Report; Availability; Request for Comments AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS..., particularly those products regulated by the FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). FDA requests...

Is The Water Shortage Crisis Really One of the Most Dangerous?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Narayanan, M.

2010-12-01

Author of the 1998 book, Last Oasis: Facing Water Scarcity, Dr. Sandra Postel predicts big water availability problems as populations of so-called “water-stressed” countries jump perhaps six fold over the next 30 years. The author has reported on this in his previous AGU presentations. In the next four decades, more than half of the world’s population will have to deal with sever water shortages. The United States has been blessed with several large fresh water lakes. In spite of having this fresh water supply, some states like Arizona could be facing sever fresh water shortages in the next couple of decades. Sid Wilson, general manager of the Central Arizona Project has indicated "It's not a question of if there is a water shortage anymore. It is in reality, when there will be a water shortage. " Several states share water from the Colorado river. The river has limited water supply to cater to the needs of Arizona, Nevada, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. World Health Organization, NASA, Department of the Interior, NOAA and several organizations have observed that there is a real water shortage crisis. This is because the world’s population has tripled in the twentieth century. This has resulted in a six-fold increase of water usage. Fresh water supply is limited. This is because water cannot be replaced with an alternative. It is important to observe that petroleum can be replaced with alternative fuel resources. It is necessary to recognize that fact that irrigation necessitates almost 65% to 70% of water withdrawal. Industry may utilize about 20% and domestic consumption is about 10% Evaporation from reservoirs is also a major factor, depending upon the climate and environment. Therefore there is an urgent need for all the countries to establish a strong, sound, sensible and sustainable management program for utilizing the available water supplies efficiently (Narayanan, 2008). References: Narayanan, Mysore. (2008). Hydrology, Water

Dealing with labor shortages in long-term care: a marketing problem.

PubMed

Moore, S T

1990-01-01

A recent analysis of data from the Bureau of Labor statistics raise serious implications for the long-term care industry. The human resource problems faced by managers in long-term care will escalate into a fullblown crisis by the end of this century. This will result from a decrease in the number of young workers available to work in unskilled and semiskilled occupations. The effect of this shortage will be exaggerated by an expansion of other sectors of the service industry. Long-term care facilities will be forced to compete with the fast food and retail industry as well as other sectors of the health industry for scarce workers. This article briefly examines the causes, consequences of this problem and suggests several strategies to mitigate the effect of the coming labor shortage.

A critical examination of the U.S. nursing shortage: contributing factors, public policy implications.

PubMed

Fox, Rebekah L; Abrahamson, Kathleen

2009-01-01

BACKGROUND. Despite short-lived periods of adequacy in nurse availability, the nursing shortage has endured. In order to better understand the myriad factors that influence the current shortage of nurses, as well as possible solutions, this project addresses the influence of social factors and government policy on nurse staffing inadequacy. When the government intervenes in a philosophically free-market economy, the assumption is that a problem, such as the current nursing shortage, could not be solved without such intervention. PURPOSE. Nursing care arguably falls into the realm of protecting the common good, and therefore requires government oversight. We provide a critical analysis of policy intervention efforts into the nursing shortage debate by examining the passage of legislation, the provision of educational assistance, and the establishment of minimum staffing requirements and minimum quality standards for reimbursement, which all impact nursing supply and demand. RESULTS. Arguments supporting and opposing policy intervention in general, and its impact on the overall provision of nursing care in the United States, were examined. Without policy incentive to place financial value on the quality of care provided by nurses, a simple increase in the number of available nurses is unlikely to solve the current problem. IMPLICATIONS. Important considerations that should be factored into policy creation include measurement and compensation for quality care, the nature of recruitment efforts of new nurses, and the complex nature of a nursing work.

[Physician shortage in Japan: the new postgraduate medical education program and physicians as a human medical resource].

PubMed

Nomura, Kyoko

2011-01-01

Japan now faces a serious physician shortage. After introducing the new postgraduate medical education (PGME) system and doctor-to-facility matching system, residents shifted their teaching hospitals from university hospitals to non-university hospitals. Because university hospitals had played a central role in allocating physicians to communities, the decrease in the number of physicians at university hospitals has driven this physician shortage. Japanese policymakers blame the new PGME for exacerbating this physician shortage and have tentatively agreed to reform the PGME to encourage residents to return to university hospitals. However, the PGME system should not be reformed only for political reasons; such a change requires a scientific basis. First, after the introduction of the new PGME, residents showed an improved clinical competence; therefore, it has accomplished its ultimate goal. Second, the residents' satisfaction level in terms of the residency system and clinical skills training was significantly higher at non-university hospitals than at university hospitals. This implies that training conditions at university hospitals are not as good as at non-university hospitals, which explains the decrease in the number of physicians at university hospitals. Third, in 2009, the Japanese government increased the maximum medical school enrollment to mitigate the physician shortage. However, a simple increase does not solve the problem of physician shortage unless it also addresses the problem of physician maldistribution. Fourth, the number of females entering medicine is increasing, and women constituted 30% of newly certified physicians in 2010. In this era of physician shortage, female physicians are highly recommended as a human medical resource.

Effective Practices for Training and Inspiring High School Physics Teachers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Magee-Sauer, Karen

It is well-documented that there is a nationwide shortage of highly qualified high school physics teachers. Not surprising, institutions of higher education report that the most common number of physics teacher graduates is zero with the majority of institutions graduating less than two physics teachers per year. With these statistics in mind, it is critical that institutions take a careful look at how they recruit, train, and contribute to the retention of high school physics teachers. PhysTEC is a partnership between the APS and AAPT that is dedicated to improving and promoting the education of high school physics teachers. Primarily funded by the NSF and its partnering organizations, PhysTEC has identified key components that are common to successful physics teacher preparation programs. While creating a successful training program in physics, it is also important that students have the opportunity for a ``do-able'' path to certification that does not add further financial debt. This talk will present an overview of ``what works'' in creating a path for physics majors to a high school physics teaching career, actions and activities that help train and inspire pre-service physics teachers, and frameworks that provide the support for in-service teachers. Obstacles to certification and the importance of a strong partnership with colleges of education will be discussed. Several examples of successful physics high school teacher preparation programs will be presented. This material is part of the Physics Teacher Education Coalition project, which is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 0808790, 0108787, and 0833210.

18 CFR 294.101 - Shortages of electric energy and capacity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... energy and capacity. 294.101 Section 294.101 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REGULATIONS UNDER THE PUBLIC UTILITY REGULATORY POLICIES ACT OF 1978 PROCEDURES FOR SHORTAGES OF ELECTRIC ENERGY AND CAPACITY UNDER SECTION 206 OF THE PUBLIC UTILITY...

18 CFR 294.101 - Shortages of electric energy and capacity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... energy and capacity. 294.101 Section 294.101 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REGULATIONS UNDER THE PUBLIC UTILITY REGULATORY POLICIES ACT OF 1978 PROCEDURES FOR SHORTAGES OF ELECTRIC ENERGY AND CAPACITY UNDER SECTION 206 OF THE PUBLIC UTILITY...

Exploration of African-American Males and the Influence of Race, Gender and Teacher Beliefs about Their Academic Success

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hamlet, Conrad E.

2012-01-01

There has been no shortage of calls to improve teaching. Even the federal law, the No Child Left Behind Act, has mandated high quality teaching in the nation's public schools. But the question still remains "What makes an effective teacher, particularly of African-American males in an urban environment?" African-American males in…

Computer Oriented Exercises on Attitudes and U.S. Gasoline Consumption, Attitude. Teacher Guide. Computer Technology Program Environmental Education Units.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Northwest Regional Educational Lab., Portland, OR.

This is the teacher's guide to accompany the student guide which together comprise one of five computer-oriented environmental/energy education units. This unit is concerned with the attitude of people toward gasoline shortages and different steps the government could take to reduce gasoline consumption. Through the exercises, part of which make…

Teacher training: the quick fix that stuck.

PubMed

Coldevin, G

1988-01-01

Of all the strategies for coping with teacher shortages that have been attempted, the effort that has gained the most ground in the past 20 years involves recruiting untrained or unqualified teachers pressing them into service, and then bringing them up to pedagogical or academic certification through distance education. The benefits of this approach include: for teachers, home-based study means attaining professional certification or academic upgrading without interrupting earnings; in-service training obviates the problem of finding substitute teachers who may have poorer qualifications than the teachers they are replacing; in-situ training reduces the possibility of urban migration that may result when college-based trainees do not want to return to their rural posts; and larger numbers of teachers can be served at 1 time and at lower costs than with campus-based instruction. According to the available studies, training costs for distance education students are typically 1/4 to 1/2 as expensive as conventional instruction. At least 50 3rd world countries are estimated to be involved in some form of distance teacher training. Mostly, countries combine correspondence with broadcasting and other support media, correspondence with occasional face-to-face sessions, and the 3-way combination of print/broadcasting/occasional residential teaching approaches. The broadcast medium typically is radio, but some programs, particularly programs offered by distance education universities, use television also. Tutorial counseling and local resource center support vary considerably and represent the most pressing challenges to the bulk of operations. 4 systems initiated during the 1980s in Pakistan, Burma, Zimbabwe, and Kenya are presented to illustrate the need for distance education training and the diversity of distance education methods.

Help Wanted: An Analysis of the Teacher Pipeline in Metro Milwaukee. The Third Report in the Metro Milwaukee Educator Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yeado, Joe

2016-01-01

Last August, a "New York Times" headline proclaimed "Teacher Shortages Spur a Nationwide Hiring Scramble." The article detailed how school districts across the country "have gone from handing out pink slips to scrambling to hire teachers…a result of the layoffs of the recession years combined with an improving economy in…

A systematic review on the relationship between the nursing shortage and nurses' job satisfaction, stress and burnout levels in oncology/haematology settings.

PubMed

Gi, Toh Shir; Devi, Kamala M; Neo Kim, Emily Ang

2011-01-01

Nursing shortage is a global issue that which affects oncology nursing. Oncology nurses are more prone to experience job dissatisfaction, stress and burnout when they work in units with poor staffing. There is thus a need for greater understanding of the relationship between the nursing shortage and nursing outcomes in oncology/haematology settings. This review aimed to establish the best available evidence concerning the relationship between the nursing shortage and nurses' job satisfaction, stress and burnout levels in oncology/haematology settings; and to make recommendations for practice and future research. Types of participants: This review considered studies that included oncology registered nurses (RNs) who were more than 18 years of age and worked in either inpatient or outpatient oncology/haematology wards or units for the adult or paediatric patients.Types of intervention: This review considered studies that evaluated the relationship between the nursing shortage and nurses' job satisfaction, stress and burnout levels in oncology/haematology settings.Types of outcomes: This review included studies that measured job satisfaction, stress and burnout levels using different outcomes measures. Job satisfaction was determined by the Measure of Job Satisfaction scale, the Misener Nurse Practitioner Job Satisfaction Scale and the Likert scale, stress by the Pediatric Oncology Nurse Stressor Questionnaire and burnout by the Maslash Burnout Inventory scale.Types of studies: This review included descriptive/descriptive-correlational studies which were published in English. The search strategy sought to identify published and unpublished studies conducted between 1990 and 2010. Using a three-step search strategy, the following databases were accessed: CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Proquest and Mednar. Two independent reviewers assessed each paper for methodological validity prior to inclusion in

Education: New Programs Aim to Ease Shortage of Qualified Toxicologists.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Worthy, Ward

1983-01-01

Discusses programs designed to ease shortage of qualified toxicologists including one leading to a bachelor's degree in toxicology at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science. Also considered are emerging attitudes toward toxicology and educational issues extending beyond the education of students (such as educating the public,…

41 CFR 101-26.307 - Processing overages, shortages, and damages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... United States, when other than GSA or DOD pays the transportation charges. (b) Reporting discrepancies or..., shortages, and damages. (a) Transportation-type discrepancies shall be processed in accordance with the instructions in subpart 101-40.7 when the discrepancies are the fault of the carrier and occur while the...