Conservative Treatment of Ewing's Sarcoma of the Uterus in Young Women.

PubMed

Loverro, Giuseppe; Resta, Leonardo; Di Naro, Edoardo; Caringella, Anna Maria; Mastrolia, Salvatore Andrea; Vicino, Mario; Tartagni, Massimo; Schonauer, Luca Maria

2015-01-01

Ewing sarcoma-primitive neuroectodermal tumors (ES/PNETs) constitute a family of neoplasms characterized by a continuum of neuroectodermal differentiations. ES/PNET of the uterus is rare. There are 48 cases of ES/PNET of the uterus published in the literature as far as we know. We describe a case of Ewing sarcoma of the uterus occurring in a 17-year-old woman presenting with a two-month history of pelvic pain. After surgical excision and microscopic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopy examination, the diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma of the uterus was suggested. This report will discuss the diagnosis and surgical and clinical management of Ewing uterine sarcoma in young women, according to the available literature. In spite of the rarity of ES/PNETs, they should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of uterine neoplasms in young women.

Double uterus with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis: pelvic anatomic variants in 87 cases.

PubMed

Fedele, L; Motta, F; Frontino, G; Restelli, E; Bianchi, S

2013-06-01

What are the anatomic variants (and their frequencies) of double uterus, obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis? Most cases examined (72.4%) were of the classic anatomic variant of the Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome (with didelphys uterus, obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis) but the 27.6% of cases are of a rare variant of the syndrome (with uterus septum or cervical agenesis), showing relevant clinical and surgical implications. The extreme variability of anatomic structures involved in this syndrome (both uterus, cervico-vaginal and renal anomalies) is well known, even if a complete and uniform analysis of all its heterogeneous presentations in a large series is lacking. This is a retrospective study with 87 patients referred to our third level referral center between 1981 and 2011. We analyzed the laparoscopic and chart records of 87 women, who referred to our institute with double uterus, unilateral cervico-vaginal obstruction and ipsilateral renal anomalies. Sixty-three of 87 patients had the more classic variant of didelphys uterus with obstructed hemivagina; 10/87 patients had septate bicollis uterus with obstructed hemivagina; 9/87 patients had bicornuate bicollis uterus with obstructed hemivagina; 4/87 patients had didelphys uterus with unilateral cervical atresia; 1/87 patients had bicornuate uterus with one septate cervix and unilateral obstructed hemivagina. This is a retrospective study with a long enrolling period (30 years). New insights in the anatomic variants of this rare syndrome with their relevant surgical implications.

Uterine Cancer: Cancer of the Uterus

MedlinePlus

... Subscribe To receive Publications email updates Submit Uterine cancer Cancer of the uterus (uterine cancer) is cancer ... Institute . Expand all | Collapse all What is uterine cancer? Cancer is a disease in which certain body ...

The ethics of uterus transplantation.

PubMed

Catsanos, Ruby; Rogers, Wendy; Lotz, Mianna

2013-02-01

Human uterus transplantation (UTx) is currently under investigation as a treatment for uterine infertility. Without a uterus transplant, the options available to women with uterine infertility are adoption or surrogacy; only the latter has the potential for a genetically related child. UTx will offer recipients the chance of having their own pregnancy. This procedure occurs at the intersection of two ethically contentious areas: assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and organ transplantation. In relation to organ transplantation, UTx lies with composite tissue transplants such as face and limb grafts, and shares some of the ethical concerns raised by these non-life saving procedures. In relation to ART, UTx represents one more avenue by which a woman may seek to meet her reproductive goals, and as with other ART procedures, raises questions about the limits of reproductive autonomy. This paper explores the ethical issues raised by UTx with a focus on the potential gap between women's desires and aspirations about pregnancy and the likely functional outcomes of successful UTx. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Endometrial carcinoma in a single horn of a bicornuate uterus: A case report.

PubMed

Gaballa, Khaled; Cicero, Carla; Gallotta, Valerio; Zannoni, Gianfranco; Scambia, Giovanni

2018-06-01

We discuss the diagnosis and the management of endometrial carcinoma in a single horn of bicornuate uterus in a 64-year-old woman as a case report. The case underwent laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and bilateral iliac lymphadenectomy. The gross examination of the uterus revealed a bicornuate uterus with a greater horn of 12 × 9 × 8 cm and a smaller horn of 10 × 3 cm. The cavity of the greater horn showed a neoplastic growth of 10 cm with infiltration of about 1,8 cm of the myometrium from whole thickness of 1.9 cm. while the other horn was free of tumor tissue. The microscopic examination of the uterus revealed G2 endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium of the greater horn with infiltration of more than 50% of the myometrium. In the presence of bicornuate uterus, a bilateral endometrial biopsy should be performed in order to reduce the risk of delayed or missed diagnosis. The management of a case of bicornuate unicollis uterus with endometrial carcinoma in only one horn is the same as patients with endometrial cancer in single uterus and depends mainly on stage and histological grade of the tumor. The possibility of existence of a separate uterine cavity should always be considered when endometrial cancer is clinically suspected but pathology fails to confirm the diagnosis. This points out the importance of a careful physical examination and radiographic evaluation in such cases. Copyright © 2018. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

Living Donor Uterus Transplant and Surrogacy: Ethical Analysis According to the Principle of Equipoise.

PubMed

Testa, G; Koon, E C; Johannesson, L

2017-04-01

The uterus is the most recent addition to the list of organs that can be successfully transplanted in humans. This article analyzes living donor uterus transplantation according to the ethical principle of equipoise. A comparison is made between living donor uterus transplantation and gestational surrogate motherhood. Both are solutions to absolute uterine infertility that allow the transfer of genetic material from intended parents to a child. The analysis concludes that living donor uterus transplantation does not violate the ethical principle of equipoise and should be considered an ethically acceptable solution to absolute uterine infertility. © 2016 The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

Effect of Saraca asoca (Asoka) on estradiol-induced keratinizing metaplasia in rat uterus.

PubMed

Shahid, Adangam Purath; Salini, Sasidharan; Sasidharan, Nanu; Padikkala, Jose; Raghavamenon, Achuthan Chathrattil; Babu, Thekkekara Devassy

2015-09-01

Estrogen-mediated uterus endometrium instability is considered as one of the etiological factors in dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) and uterine cancer. Saraca asoca (Family: Fabaceae) and its fermented preparation, Asokarishta, are extensively used as uterine tonic to treat gynecological disorders in Ayurveda. The present study evaluated the effect of S. asoca (Asoka) on estrogen-induced endometrial thickening of rat uterus. Endometrial thickening was induced by intraperitoneal injection of estradiol (20 μg/kg b.wt) to 8-day-old immature rats for alternate 5 days. Methanolic extract (200 mg/kg b. wt) from S. asoca bark was given orally along with estradiol. Uterus endometrial thickening was analyzed histopathologically and serum estrogen level by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) expression in rat uterus was also estimated by Western blot. Anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was analyzed by formalin- and carrageenan-elicited paw edema models in mouse. Uterus endometrium proliferation and keratinized metaplasia with seven to eight stratified epithelial layers on day 16 was observed in rats administered with estradiol. Treatment with S. asoca reduced the thickening to two to four layers and the serum estrogen level diminished significantly to 82.9±12.87 pg/mL compared to rats administered with estrogen alone (111.2±10.68 pg/mL). A reduction of formalin- and carrageenan-induced paw edema in mouse by S. asoca extract was observed. Lower level of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced COX-2 enzyme in rat uterus by the extract further confirms its anti-inflammatory activity. Present study reveals the antiproliferative and antikeratinizing effects of S. asoca in uterus endometrium possibly through its anti-estrogenic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Histological assessment of ovaries and uterus of rats subjected to nandrolone decanoate treatment.

PubMed

Gerez, Juliana Rubira; Frei, Fernando; Camargo, Isabel Cristina Cherici

2005-07-01

This study aimed to analyze the effects of nandrolone decanoate on the ovaries and uterus of adult females rats. This drug was administered intraperitoneally, at one, two and three doses of 3 mg nandrolone decanoate/kg of body weight, respectively, in the first, second and third week of treatment. The females of the control group received a physiological solution. The rats treated with nandrolone decanoate showed estral acyclicity and there was destruction of follicular units and an absence of corpus luteum in the ovaries. In the uterus, the drug promoted morphological alterations, characterized by vacuolated epithelium and endometrial stroma fibrosis. Ovary, uterus and pituitary weights were not affected by the steroid treatment. Nandrolone decanoate affects the sexual cycle and promotes histological alterations in the ovaries and uterus of adult female rats.

Significance of preoperative calculation of uterine weight as an indicator for preserving the uterus in pelvic reconstructive surgery

PubMed Central

Sheng, Qingsong; Ma, Ning; Huang, Huijuan; Xu, Bo; He, Chunni; Song, Yanfeng

2015-01-01

Recently, increasing evidence has shown that uterus preservation is beneficial for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) patients, both physiologically and psychologically. However, the preoperative indicators for uterus preservation have rarely been examined. The current study was designed to determine the relationship between the preoperative evaluated uterus weight and the operation selection (preserving the uterus or not) in pelvic reconstructive surgery (PRS) using vaginal meshes. First, in a series of 96 patients undergoing hysterectomy, the uterine weight was calculated by preoperative ultrasound measurements, and was then compared with the postoperative actual weight of the uterus. Subsequently, in a series of 65 patients undergone PRS using vaginal meshes and preserving the uterus, the uterine weight was calculated by preoperative ultrasound measurements. Lastly, in a series of 43 patients with a uterine weight > 56.12 g who had undergone PRS using vaginal meshes, the operation success rate in patients with a preserved uterus was compared to patients for whom the uterus was not preserved. The results showed that uterus weight can be evaluated by ultrasound and used as a preoperative indicator for whether the uterus should be preserved or not in PRS when using vaginal meshes. It was indicated that preoperative evaluation of uterine weight is beneficial for surgical planning and guidance. PMID:25755793

MR imaging of the uterus and cervix in healthy women: determination of normal values.

PubMed

Hauth, Elke A M; Jaeger, Horst J; Libera, Hanna; Lange, Silke; Forsting, Michael

2007-03-01

The purpose of this study was to establish normal values for the volume of the uterus and cervix in MRI based on age and the menstrual cycle phase. We performed MRI of the pelvis in 100 healthy women. For the uterus, they were further divided into two groups: one with myomas and/or adenomyosis and one without either. The volume of the uterus and cervix and thickness of the uterine wall layers were analysed by age and the menstrual cycle phase. The mean volume of the uterus in both groups and the cervix significantly increased with age to reach its peak at 41-50 years, and then dropped. Likewise, the thickness of the endometrium and the junctional zone, but not the myometrium, significantly increased until 41-50 years, and then decreased. When we compared the volume of the uterus and cervix and the thickness of the uterine wall layers between the two phases of the menstrual cycle, we found no significant differences. The volume of the uterus and cervix and the thickness of the endometrium and junctional zone differ significantly with age, but not between the two phases of the menstrual cycle. Knowledge of MRI-related normal values can be expected to aid the early identification of uterine pathologies.

[A Case of Sigmoid Colon Cancer with Metastasis to the Uterus].

PubMed

Tokoro, Yukinari; Tonooka, Toru; Souda, Hiroaki; Takiguchi, Nobuhiro; Chibana, Tomofumi; Kobayashi, Ryosuke; Arimitsu, Hidehito; Yanagibashi, Hiroo; Chou, Akihiro; Ikeda, Atsushi; Nabeya, Nobuhiro; Kainuma, Osamu; Yamamoto, Hiroshi; Nagata, Matsuo

2015-11-01

A 65-year-old woman complaining of fetor ex vagina was diagnosed with endometrial adenocarcinoma of the uterus based on the pathological findings of an endometrial biopsy. Sigmoid colon cancer was found on a pre-operative CT scan. Diagnosis of double cancer was made and we performed sigmoidectomy and panhysterectomy with associated resection of both adnexa. Histopathological examination found that the tumor accounted for almost all of the uterine mucosa and over half of the muscular layer. Immunostaining showed CK7 (-), CK20 (+), CDX2 (+), ER (-), and PgR (-), and we diagnosed it as a metastasis to the uterus of the sigmoid colon cancer. The pathological diagnosis was a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, pT4b (SI: urinary bladder), pN0 (0/12), H0, P1,M1a (uterus), pStage Ⅳ. As adjuvant chemotherapy, she was administered XELOX for 6 months. Although colorectal cancer rarely metastasizes to the uterus, due to the increase in the prevalence of colorectal cancer, it may be also increase. To choose the best treatment course, it is necessary to diagnose whether it is a primary uterine cancer or a metastatic uterine cancer.

[Simulated uterus microenvironment induced human placental mesenchymal stem cells differentiation to uterus smooth muscle cells in vitro].

PubMed

Li, Chang-dong; Zhang, Wei-yuan; Yuan, Chun-li; Han, Li-ying

2008-12-09

To develop a new method to promote the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human placenta (pMSC) to uterus smooth muscle cells (uSMC) in simulated uterus microenvironment. MSCs were isolated from human placenta, cultivated, and analyzed for their phenotype by flow cytometry. The multipotential differentiation of the pMSC was examined by chondrogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenetic induction. uSMC were isolated from uteri resected during operation and co-cultivated with the pMSC in a Transwell chamber simulating Two, 4, and 8 days later RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of alpha-actin, calmodulin, and myosin heavy chains (MHC), the markers of smooth muscle differentiation at the early, middle, and late stages. On day 8 RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of estrogen receptor in these 2 groups of cells, then estrogen was used to stimulate these cells and the protein kinase C (PKC) activity was examined. The pMSC could be induced into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes respectively. After co-culture with uSMC, the morphology of the pMSC changed closely into that of the uSMC, and MHC was expressed in the pMSC. Estrogen receptor was positive in both groups of cells. The PKC activity increased, especially in the cell membrane, after stimulation of estrogen. The postpartum human placenta can be used as an important and novel source of multipotent stem cells for tissue engineering and genetic engineering. Placental MSC have the potential to differentiate into smooth muscle cells under the simulated uterus microenvironment in vitro.

Torsion, infarction, and rupture of a nongravid uterus: a complication of a large ovarian cyst.

PubMed

Yap, Felix Y; Radin, Randall; Tchelepi, Hisham

2016-12-01

Torsion of a nongravid uterus is rare, as most cases of uterine torsion occur during pregnancy. We report a case of a large ovarian cyst causing uterine torsion, infarction, and rupture. A 57-year-old woman presented with acute-onset abdominal pain and increasing abdominal girth over the past year. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) demonstrated axial rotation and swirling of the uterus and the mesenteric fat, leading to a preoperative diagnosis of uterine torsion. Laparotomy confirmed that the uterine corpus had undergone a 180-degree axial rotation, and further revealed uterine wall infarction and rupture into the endometrium as well as partial decapitation of the uterus from the cervix. The swirled appearance of the uterus, radiologically similar to the "whirlpool sign" seen in bowel volvulus, is an important CT finding to recognize, especially in view of the risk of irreversible ischemic complications this uncommon entity may inflict on the uterus.

Effects of epidermal growth factor, interleukin 1 and nitric oxide on prostaglandin production by guinea-pig uterus.

PubMed

Keeble, J E; Poyser, N L

2002-08-01

Initial experiments in the present study investigated the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and sodium nitroprusside (a nitric oxide donor) on the output of prostaglandins from guinea-pig uterus on day 7 of the oestrous cycle. Superfusion of day 7 guinea-pig uterus in vitro with either EGF or sodium nitroprusside increased the output of PGF(2alpha) and 6-keto-PGF(1alpha), but not of PGE(2). IL-1beta had no effect on the output of these three prostaglandins. EGF still increased the output of PGF(2alpha), but did not increase the output of 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) in a calcium-depleted superfusate. Subsequent experiments investigated the effect of sodium nitroprusside on contractile activity of day 7 guinea-pig uterus. Basal spontaneous activity of both the intact uterus and isolated myometrium superfused in vitro was low. Sodium nitroprusside increased the contractile activity of these tissues two- to fourfold. EGF did not affect the contractile activity of the uterus, indicating that sodium nitroprusside-induced contractions are not due to increased prostaglandin production. Overall, the findings indicate that EGF and nitric oxide may act as mediators in the mechanism by which oestradiol acting on a progesterone-primed uterus stimulates the increase in PGF(2alpha) production by the guinea-pig uterus necessary for luteolysis. Nitric oxide may increase the spontaneous activity of the uterus when this activity is low.

Variation in uterus position prior to brachytherapy of the cervix: A case report.

PubMed

Georgescu, M T; Anghel, R

2017-01-01

Rationale: brachytherapy is administered in the treatment of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer following chemoradiotherapy. Lack of local anatomy evaluation prior to this procedure might lead to the selection of an inappropriate brachytherapy applicator, increasing the risk of side effects (e.g. uterus perforation, painful procedure ...). Objective: To assess the movement of the uterus and cervix prior to brachytherapy in patients with gynecological cancer, in order to select the proper type of brachytherapy applicator. Also we wanted to promote the replacement of the plain X-ray brachytherapy with the image-guided procedure. Methods and results: We presented the case of a 41-year-old female diagnosed with a biopsy that was proven cervical cancer stage IIIB. At diagnosis, the imaging studies identified an anteverted uterus. The patient underwent preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Prior to brachytherapy, the patient underwent a pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which identified a displacement of the uterus in the retroverted position. Discussion: A great variety of brachytherapy applicators is available nowadays. Major changes in uterus position and lack of evaluation prior to brachytherapy might lead to a higher rate of incidents during this procedure. Also, by using orthogonal simulation and bidimensional (2D) treatment planning, brachytherapy would undoubtedly fail to treat the remaining tumoral tissue. This is the reason why we proposed the implementation of a prior imaging of the uterus and computed tomography (CT)/ MRI-based simulation in the brachytherapy procedure. Abbreviations: MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, CT = computed tomography, CTV = clinical target volume, DVH = dose-volume histogram, EBRT = external beam radiotherapy, GTV = gross tumor volume, Gy = Gray (unit), ICRU = International Commission of Radiation Units, IGRT = image guided radiotherapy, IM = internal margin, IMRT = image modulated radiotherapy, ITV = internal target

[Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the uterus complicated with hydronephrosis].

PubMed

Isosaka, Mai; Hayashi, Toshiaki; Mitsuhashi, Kei; Tanaka, Michihiro; Adachi, Takeya; Kondo, Yoshihiro; Suzuki, Takashi; Shinomura, Yasuhisa

2013-04-01

Malignant lymphoma sometimes originates from extranodal sites; however, the uterus has rarely been reported as the site of the primary lesion. We present a patient with malignant lymphoma of the uterus complicating bilateral hydronephrosis. A 67-year-old previously healthy woman was seen at a clinic because of massive genital bleeding. She was referred to our hospital for further examination of a uterine tumor. Computed tomography scans revealed a pelvic tumor invading to the retroperitoneal region, which caused bilateral obstruction of the ureters and hydronephrosis. No lymph node swelling was detected. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a bulky uterine tumor that was homogenously low on T1-weighted imaging and isointense on T2-weighted imaging, while the endometrium was intact. A pathological examination of the biopsy specimen from the uterine cervix revealed diffuse infiltration of CD20-positive atypical large lymphoid cells, which was compatible with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Since the tumor expanded from the uterus and no other abnormal lesion was observed in imaging studies including gallium scintigraphy, a diagnosis of DLBCL of the uterus, clinical stage IE was made. The patient received six cycles of rituximab plus CHOP chemotherapy followed by involved field irradiation. She achieved complete remission and has been alive for more than two years without relapse.

Prolapse-related knowledge and attitudes toward the uterus in women with pelvic organ prolapse symptoms.

PubMed

Good, Meadow M; Korbly, Nicole; Kassis, Nadine C; Richardson, Monica L; Book, Nicole M; Yip, Sallis; Saguan, Docile; Gross, Carey; Evans, Janelle; Harvie, Heidi S; Sung, Vivian

2013-11-01

The objective of the study was to describe the basic knowledge about prolapse and attitudes regarding the uterus in women seeking care for prolapse symptoms. This was a cross-sectional study of English-speaking women presenting with prolapse symptoms. Patients completed a self-administered questionnaire that included 5 prolapse-related knowledge items and 6 benefit-of-uterus attitude items; higher scores indicated greater knowledge or more positive perception of the uterus. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. A total of 213 women were included. The overall mean knowledge score was 2.2 ± 1.1 (range, 0-5); 44% of the items were answered correctly. Participants correctly responded that surgery (79.8%), pessary (55.4%), and pelvic muscle exercises (34.3%) were prolapse treatment options. Prior evaluation by a female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery specialist (beta = 0.57, P = .001) and higher education (beta = 0.3, P = .07) was associated with a higher mean knowledge score. For attitude items, the overall mean score was 15.1 (4.7; range, 6-30). A total of 47.4% disagreed with the statement that the uterus is important for sex. The majority disagreed with the statement that the uterus is important for a sense of self (60.1%); that hysterectomy would make me feel less feminine (63.9%); and that hysterectomy would make me feel less whole (66.7%). Previous consultation with a female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery specialist was associated with a higher mean benefit of uterus score (beta = 1.82, P = .01). Prolapse-related knowledge is low in women seeking care for prolapse symptoms. The majority do not believe the uterus is important for body image or sexuality and do not believe that hysterectomy will negatively affect their sex lives. Copyright © 2013 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chronic stress effects and their reversibility on the Fallopian tubes and uterus in rats.

PubMed

Divyashree, S; Yajurvedi, H N

2018-01-01

The durational effects of chronic stress on the Fallopian tubes and uterus were studied by exposing rats to stressors in the form of restraint (1h) and forced swimming (15min) daily for 4, 8 or 12 weeks. One group of stressed rats from each time period was then maintained without exposure to stressors for a further 4 weeks to assess their ability to recover from stress. All time periods of stress exposure resulted in decreased weight of the body and Fallopian tubes; however, the relative weight of the uterus and serum concentrations of oestradiol and insulin increased significantly. The antioxidant potential was decreased with increased malondialdehyde concentrations in the Fallopian tubes following all durations of exposure and after 4 and 8 weeks of stress exposure in the uterus. Interestingly, rats stressed for 12 weeks showed an increase in serum testosterone concentration and antioxidant enzyme activities with a decrease in malondialdehyde concentration in the uterus. The antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde concentration in the Fallopian tubes of all recovery group rats were similar to stressed rats. However, in the uterus these parameters were similar to controls in recovery group rats after 4 weeks or 8 weeks of exposure, but after 12 weeks of stress exposure these parameters did not return to control levels following the recovery period. These results reveal, for the first time, that chronic stress elicits an irreversible decrease in antioxidant defence in the Fallopian tubes irrespective of exposure duration, whereas the uterus develops reversible oxidative stress under short-term exposure but increased antioxidant potential with endometrial proliferation following long-term exposure.

Angiogenesis of the uterus and chorioallantois in the eastern water skink Eulamprus quoyii.

PubMed

Murphy, Bridget F; Parker, Scott L; Murphy, Christopher R; Thompson, Michael B

2010-10-01

We have discovered a modification of the uterus that appears to facilitate maternal-fetal communication during pregnancy in the scincid lizard Eulamprus quoyii. A vessel-dense elliptical area (VDE) on the mesometrial side of the uterus expands as the embryo grows, providing a large vascular area for physiological exchange between mother and embryo. The VDE is already developed in females with newly ovulated eggs, and is situated directly adjacent to the chorioallantois of the embryo when it develops. It is likely that signals from the early developing embryo determine the position of the VDE, as the VDE is off-centre in cases where the embryo sits obliquely in the uterus. The VDE is not a modification of the uterus over the entire chorioallantoic placenta, as the VDE is smaller than the chorioallantois after embryonic stage 33, but expansion of the VDE and growth of the chorioallantois during pregnancy are strongly correlated. The expansion of the VDE is also strongly correlated with embryonic growth and increasing embryonic oxygen demand (Vo2). We propose that angiogenic stimuli are exchanged between the VDE and the chorioallantois in E. quoyii, allowing the simultaneous growth of both tissues.

Uterus models for use in virtual reality hysteroscopy simulators.

PubMed

Niederer, Peter; Weiss, Stephan; Caduff, Rosmarie; Bajka, Michael; Szekély, Gabor; Harders, Matthias

2009-05-01

Virtual reality models of human organs are needed in surgery simulators which are developed for educational and training purposes. A simulation can only be useful, however, if the mechanical performance of the system in terms of force-feedback for the user as well as the visual representation is realistic. We therefore aim at developing a mechanical computer model of the organ in question which yields realistic force-deformation behavior under virtual instrument-tissue interactions and which, in particular, runs in real time. The modeling of the human uterus is described as it is to be implemented in a simulator for minimally invasive gynecological procedures. To this end, anatomical information which was obtained from specially designed computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging procedures as well as constitutive tissue properties recorded from mechanical testing were used. In order to achieve real-time performance, the combination of mechanically realistic numerical uterus models of various levels of complexity with a statistical deformation approach is suggested. In view of mechanical accuracy of such models, anatomical characteristics including the fiber architecture along with the mechanical deformation properties are outlined. In addition, an approach to make this numerical representation potentially usable in an interactive simulation is discussed. The numerical simulation of hydrometra is shown in this communication. The results were validated experimentally. In order to meet the real-time requirements and to accommodate the large biological variability associated with the uterus, a statistical modeling approach is demonstrated to be useful.

Accuracy of ultrasonic detection of the uterus in normal newborn infants: implications for infants with ambiguous genitalia.

PubMed

Kutteh, W H; Santos-Ramos, R; Ermel, L D

1995-02-01

Every year approximately one in 5000 babies is born with ambiguous genitalia, a condition that requires immediate sex assignment if possible. We investigated whether transabdominal ultrasonography with the use of a linear array high-resolution 7.5-MHz transducer would enhance the accuracy of detecting the uterus in the newborn. One hundred mothers who delivered normal, term infants (> 36 weeks and > 2500 g) gave their informed consent for the investigation. Each infant was placed in an unmarked bassinet, external genitalia were covered, and ultrasound examinations were performed by the same examiner (R.S.) who was blinded to the sex of the infant. The neonatal uterus was identified in 47 of 50 female infants (94% sensitivity) and the absence of a uterus was correctly predicted in 49 of 50 male infants (specificity 98%). The average length of the neonatal uteri 1 day after birth was 3.2 +/- 0.5 cm and the total volume was 3.5 +/- 0.9 cm3. An endometrial strip could be identified in 98% of neonatal uteri. We conclude that the use of the high-resolution 7.5-MHz transducer available in commercial ultrasound equipment is an accurate method for the detection of the neonatal uterus. Infants born with ambiguous genitalia who have a uterus will almost always be assigned the female sex. Infants with ambiguous genitalia but without a uterus will have male pseudohermaphroditism.

[METROPLASTY FOR OBSTETRIC PERITONITIS, ARISING IN THE BACKGROUND SUTURE FAILURE OF THE UTERUS].

PubMed

Tussupkaliyev, A; Daribay, Zh; Saduov, M; Dossimbetova, M; Rakhmetullina, G

2016-12-01

Improving treatment outcomes obstetric peritonitis after cesarean section on the basis of organ-preserving treatment and reasonable intensive care in the postpartum period. Fifteen clinical cases in which on the background of peritonitis were made conserving surgery, which included: excision of necrotic areas on the uterus, uterine cavity curettage, metroplasty. Nasointestinal bowel intubation and drainage of the abdominal cavity. It is discussed tactics of postpartum women with obstetric peritonitis on the background of insolvency seams on the uterus, currently existing criteria for evaluation and treatment of patients data. The necessity of using in the algorithm survey postpartum women with obstetric peritonitis diagnostic criteria SIRS, leukocyte index of intoxication, integrated scales organ dysfunctions. Modern approaches to surgical treatment, the starting antibiotic therapy antibiotics ultra wide spectrum of action, combined with early intensive treatment in an intensive care unit avoids removal of the uterus as a primary focus.

Primary malignant lymphoma of the uterus and broad ligament: a case report and review of literature.

PubMed

Chen, Runzhe; Yu, Zhengping; Zhang, Hongming; Ding, Jiahua; Chen, Baoan

2015-01-01

Primary malignant lymphoma of the uterus and broad ligament is rare. Here, we present a rare case of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of uterus and broad ligament in a 63-year-old female. The patient presenting with lower abdominal distention was referred to our hospital. Subsequent abdominal and pelvic ultrasound revealed the presence of a large mass, which was highly suspected as subserosal uterine leiomyoma. A large tumor was found with unclear boundary with right posterior wall, broad ligament and bilateral adnexa during surgery. Her uterus and the tumor of a broad ligament and bilateral adnexa were all excised as a result. Postoperative pathological examination showed DLBCL in uterus and broad ligament. Further examinations excluded metastatic diseases, which supported the diagnosis of primary DLBCL of the uterus and broad ligament. The patient received six cycles of R-CHOP (21 days) regimen. During the 8 months follow-up, no evidence of disease recurrence was identified. As the prevalence of primary extranodal lymphoma is increasing, the details of this rare case may highlight the importance and facilitate treatment of similar diseases. A summary focusing on the presentation and prognosis as well as a review of current management is also discussed.

Trophinin expression in the mouse uterus coincides with implantation and is hormonally regulated but not induced by implanting blastocysts.

PubMed

Suzuki, N; Nadano, D; Paria, B C; Kupriyanov, S; Sugihara, K; Fukuda, M N

2000-11-01

Trophinin mediates apical cell adhesion between two human cell lines, trophoblastic teratocarcinoma and endometrial adenocarcinoma. In humans, trophinin is specifically expressed in cells involved in implantation and early placentation. The present study was undertaken to establish trophinin expression by the mouse uterus. In the pregnant mouse uterus, trophinin transcripts are expressed during the time which coincides with the timing of blastocyst implantation. Trophinin is also expressed in the nonpregnant mouse uterus at estrus stage. Uteri from ovariectomized mice did not express trophinin, whereas strong expression was induced by estrogen but not by progesterone. Trophinin transcripts and protein were found in the pseudopregnant mouse uterus. No differences were detected in trophinin expression by the uteri in the pregnant, pseudopregnant, and pseudopregnant received blastocysts. In delayed implantation model, trophinin proteins were found in both luminal and glandular epithelium, whereas dormant blastocysts were negative for trophinin. Upon activation with estrogen, however, no significant changes were detected either in the blastocyst or in the uterus. These results indicate that ovarian hormones regulate trophinin expression by the mouse uterus, and that an implanting blastocyst has no effect on trophinin expression in the surrounding endometrial luminal epithelial cells.

Sonographic findings in acute urinary retention secondary to retroverted gravid uterus: pathophysiology and preventive measures.

PubMed

Yang, J-M; Huang, W-C

2004-05-01

To explore the pathophysiology of acute urinary retention in women with a retroverted gravid uterus and to suggest measures to prevent its recurrence. In five women with a retroverted gravid uterus and acute urinary retention necessitating catheterization, the morphology of the genitourinary system was assessed by using transabdominal, transvaginal and introital sonography. In the supine resting position, the cervix was displaced superiorly and anteriorly by the impacted and retroverted uterus so that it compressed the lower bladder, leading to obstruction of the internal urethral orifice. The upper bladder extended superiorly and overlay the uterus. During straining, urethral motion was not limited and there was an average rotational angle of the bladder neck of 32 degrees, ranging from 21 degrees to 44 degrees. Increasing abdominal pressure further compressed the lower bladder. Measures suggested to the women for the prevention of urinary retention included limiting fluid intake before sleep, changing from the supine to the prone position before getting up and avoiding a Valsalva maneuver but performing a Credé maneuver during voiding. In all except one case these measures successfully prevented recurrence. Acute urinary retention secondary to a retroverted gravid uterus is caused by a displaced cervix compressing the lower bladder and interfering with drainage to the urethra. The urethra itself is not compressed or distorted. Understanding the pathophysiology of the lower urinary tract may allow maneuvers which prevent acute urinary retention. Copyright 2004 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Metastasis of lobular breast carcinoma to the uterus in a patient under anastrozole therapy.

PubMed

Ustaalioglu, Basak B O; Bilici, Ahmet; Seker, Mesut; Salman, Tarik; Gumus, Mahmut; Barisik, Nagehan O; Salepci, Taflan; Yaylaci, Mustafa

2009-07-01

Metastasis of extragenital neoplasms to the uterus are rarely encountered, and usually occur as a manifestation of advanced disease. Lobular carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer that metastasizes to the uterus. We report on a 56-year-old woman who 3 years previously was diagnosed with invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast and was treated with surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. While the patient was on adjuvant anastrozole therapy for 2 years, she complained of vaginal bleeding. Because of endometrial thickening and a uterine leiomyoma detected during abdominal ultrasonographic ex-amination, a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Histopathologic examination of the specimens revealed carcinoma infiltration of the myometrium, endometrium, cervix, uterine tube, and left ovary. Immunohistochemical staining of tumoral cells with pancytokeratin and gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP-15) proved the diagnosis of metastatic lobular breast carcinoma to the uterus. To our knowledge, this is the second case of lobular breast carcinoma metastasized to the uterus under anastrozole therapy. In women with lobular breast cancer under adjuvant anastrozole therapy, who present with vaginal bleeding, uterine metastasis of lobular carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Copyright 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.

High grade primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the uterus: A case report.

PubMed

Dizon, A Mitch; Kilgore, Larry C; Grindstaff, Alan; Winkler, Marcus; Kimball, Kristopher J

2014-01-01

•Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the uterus is extremely rare.•Diagnosis requires timely evaluation with molecular analysis.•Different combinations of adjuvant chemotherapy have been reported.

Uterus didelphys associated with unilateral imperforate vagina.

PubMed

Gilliland, B; Dyck, F

1976-07-01

Two cases of uterus didelphys associated with unilateral imperforate vagina are reported with a review of the literature. In all cases investigated, ipsilateral renal agenesis was found on the affected side. A summary of the embryologic development of the female reproductive tract is included, as well as a possible explanation for this rare anomaly. The authors describe their proposed method of management to achieve freedom from symptoms and maintenance of a relatively intact reproductive tract.

Characterization and distribution of natriuretic peptide receptors in the rat uterus.

PubMed

Dos Reis, A M; Fujio, N; Dam, T V; Mukaddam-Daher, S; Jankowski, M; Tremblay, J; Gutkowska, J

1995-10-01

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptors were characterized in rat uterus. The binding of [125I]ANP to uterine membranes was completely competed for by increasing concentrations of unlabeled ANP (Kd = 0.39 nM) and brain natriuretic peptide (Kd = 1.24 nM) and partially by C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP; Kd = 80.4 nM), but not by C-ANF. Also, [125I]Tyr-CNP bound to uterine membranes was completely competed by unlabeled CNP (Kd = 1.12 nM). Cross-linking of [125I]ANP to uterine membranes revealed the presence of one band of 130 kilodaltons, corresponding to the guanylyl cyclase (GC-A and/or GC-B) subtypes of natriuretic peptide receptors. The presence of messenger RNA coding for genes of both GC-A and GC-B receptors was shown by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, ANP and, to a lesser degree, CNP stimulated the production of cGMP in rat uterus. Autoradiographic studies localized the highest binding of [125I]ANP in the endometrium, whereas [125I]Tyr-CNP binding was distributed in the endometrium as well as in the myometrium. These results demonstrate that rat uterine ANP receptors are of the guanylyl cyclase-coupled subtypes. The uterus is a target of natriuretic peptides where ANP induces its biological effects through the production of cGMP.

Follow-Up Imaging of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Uterus and Its Spontaneous Regression

PubMed Central

Markovic Vasiljkovic, Biljana; Plesinac Karapandzic, Vesna; Pejcic, Tomislav; Djuric Stefanovic, Aleksandra; Milosevic, Zorica; Plesinac, Snezana

2016-01-01

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an aggressive benign mass that may arise from various tissues and organs with a great variability of histological and clinical appearances. Due to variable and nonspecific imaging findings, diagnosis of IMT is not obtained before surgery. The aim of this paper is to present CT and MRI findings during four-year follow-up of complete, spontaneous regression of IMT of the uterus. The diagnosis was made by histology and immunohistochemistry analysis of the open excisional biopsy specimen. At that time, the organ of origin was not specified. After analysis of the follow-up imaging findings and the mode of tumor regression, the uterus was proclaimed as the probable site of origin. IMT of the uterus is extremely rare and has been reported in ten cases up to now. The gradual, complete regression of uterine IMT documented by CT and MRI may contribute to understanding of its nature. PMID:27110328

Induction of UO-44 gene expression by tamoxifen in the rat uterus and ovary.

PubMed

Huynh, H; Ng, C Y; Lim, K B; Ong, C K; Ong, C S; Tran, E; Tuyen Nguyen, T T; Chan, T W

2001-07-01

A complementary DNA, uterine-ovarian-specific gene 44 (UO-44), has been isolated from tamoxifen-induced rat uterine complementary DNA library using differential display techniques. UO-44 transcripts are found to be abundant in the uterus and ovary. UO-44 gene expression in the uterus is strictly regulated by estrogens, tamoxifen, and GH, whereas the pure antiestrogen ICI 182780 is inhibitory. Treatment of ovariectomized rats and hypophysectomized rats with tamoxifen and GH, respectively, resulted in up-regulation of UO-44 expression in a dose-dependent manner. In situ hybridization revealed that UO-44 gene expression was restricted to the luminal and glandular epithelial cells of the uterus and to granulosa cells of medium-size ovarian follicles. Transfection studies showed that UO-44 was a membrane-associated protein. Because estrogens, tamoxifen, and GH are stimulators of uterine luminal epithelial cell growth in vivo, UO-44 protein may serve as a mediator of the effect of these compounds in inducing epithelial proliferation and differentiation in these tissues.

Reducing maternal mortality from ruptured uterus--the Sokoto initiative.

PubMed

Ahmed, Y; Shehu, C E; Nwobodo, E I; Ekele, B A

2004-06-01

Uterine rupture is the most common cause of maternal mortality in our institution. Case fatality for the year 2001 was 47%. Health care including emergency obstetric care (EmOC) is not free, hence, delays in receiving care could occur in patients with limited resources. The objectives of the study were to promote access to emergency obstetric care through a loan scheme for indigent patients with ruptured uterus and determine the success or otherwise of the scheme. The scheme was initiated in January 2002, with the sum of thirty eight Thousand Naira (about 300 US dollars) by consultant obstetricians in the department. Funds were released to the patient only after assessment of her financial capability to enable her get emergency surgical packs. All that was required was a promise to pay back the loan before discharge. Following resuscitation, surgery was performed by one of the consultants. Eighteen cases of ruptured uterus have been managed. Treatment was initiated within 30 minutes of admission. Admission-laparotomy interval averaged 3.5 hours (+/-1.2). There were two maternal deaths, giving a case fatality of 11% (2/ 18). The case fatality from a previous study from the same centre was 38% (16/42). There was a significant difference in case fatality between the two studies (P<0.05; confidence limits are-0.328 and -0.211). Of the seventeen patients that benefited from the scheme, 16 repaid the loan before discharge (94% loan recovery). Only one patient defaulted with five thousand Naira (40 US dollars). A loan scheme for indigent patients with ruptured uterus that enabled them receive emergency obstetric care reduced case fatality. Loan recovery was good. In our quest to reduce maternal mortality in low-income countries without health insurance policies, there might be a need to extend similar initiative to other obstetric emergencies.

Fluid shear stress regulates vascular remodeling via VEGFR-3 activation, although independently of its ligand, VEGF-C, in the uterus during pregnancy

PubMed Central

Park, Yang-Gyu; Choi, Jawun; Jung, Hye-Kang; Song, In Kyu; Shin, Yongwhan; Park, Sang-Youel; Seol, Jae-Won

2017-01-01

Early pregnancy is characterized by an increase in the blood volume of the uterus for embryonic development, thereby exerting fluid shear stress (FSS) on the vascular walls. The uterus experiences vascular remodeling to accommodate the increased blood flow. The blood flow-induced FSS elevates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors, and regulates vascular remodeling through the activation of VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3). However, the mechanisms responsible for FSS-induced VEGFR-3 expression in the uterus during pregnancy are unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that vascular remodeling in the uterus during pregnancy is regulated by FSS-induced VEGFR-3 expression. We examined the association between VEGFR-3 and FSS through in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vivo experiments revealed VEGFR-3 expression in the CD31-positive region of the uterus of pregnant mice; VEGF-C (ligand for VEGFR-3) was undetected in the uterus. These results confirmed that VEGFR-3 expression in the endometrium is independent of its ligand. In vitro studies experiments revealed that FSS induced morphological changes and increased VEGFR-3 expression in human uterine microvascular endothelial cells. Thus, VEGFR-3 activation by FSS is associated with vascular remodeling to allow increased blood flow in the uterus during pregnancy. PMID:28849193

Huge (9 Kg) Broad Ligament Fibroid Mimicking Sarcoma of Uterus: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

PubMed

Katke, Rajshree Dayanand

2017-01-01

Fibroids are most common benign tumors of the uterus, mostly situated in the body of the uterus. Rarely, they arise from extrauterine sites with broad ligament fibroids being uncommon. We present a case of a 47-year-old female, multipara who presented in outpatient department in CAMA hospital with a history of sudden development of dysuria 10 days back. Intraoperatively, uterus was pushed to side and large broad ligament fibroid of 25 cm × 20 cm × 20 cm seen arising from right-sided broad ligament. The fibroid was densely adherent to bowel and bladder. Exploratory laparotomy with excision of broad ligament fibroid of 9 Kg with total abdominal hysterectomy with right salpingo-oophorectomy was done.

Torsion of a nongravid uterus with a large ovarian cyst: usefulness of contrast MR image.

PubMed

Matsumoto, Hiroki; Ohta, Tsuyoshi; Nakahara, Kenji; Kojimahara, Takanobu; Kurachi, Hirohisa

2007-01-01

Torsion of a nongravid uterus is extremely rare. Most cases of uterine torsion occur during pregnancy. Here we report a case of nongravid uterus torsion with a large adnexal mass. A 73-year-old woman presented at the emergency room with acute abdominal pain. A preoperative diagnosis of torsion of an ovarian cyst was made and laparotomy was performed. The left ovary was twisted 360 degrees in a clockwise rotation, and the uterine corpus had also undergone a 360 degrees rotation. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were carried out. Although a preoperative diagnosis of uterine torsion was not possible, it is noteworthy that in the contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images the uterine cervix was intensely enhanced, while the uterine corpus was not. This is the first report to show the magnetic resonance imaging findings of a twisted uterus. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Ultrastructure of the gravid uterus of Hymenolepis diminuta (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda).

PubMed

Conn, D B

1993-08-01

The fine structure of the uterus in gravid proglottids of Hymenolepis diminuta was examined by standard techniques for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The uterus consisted of a syncytial uterine epithelium attached to the medullary parenchyma through a thin extracellular basal matrix. The epithelium contained prominent nuclei in the juxtalumenal cytoplasm. The cytoplasm was dominated by extensive granular endoplasmic reticulum, with dilated cisternae containing an electron-lucent material and widely scattered electron-dense spherical bodies. No Golgi body or other agranular endomembrane component was observed, but the epithelium contained numerous free ribosomes and a few mitochondria. The apical plasma membrane was folded into long microlamellae. Epithelial and epitheliomesenchymal folds and villi resulted in a compartmentalized uterine lumen, with each chamber containing 1 to several eggs. These data suggest a high level of synthetic activity within the uterine epithelium, but the chemical products and functional significance of this activity are not yet known.

Altered expression of miRNAs in the uterus from a letrozole-induced rat PCOS model.

PubMed

Li, Chunjin; Chen, Lu; Zhao, Yun; Chen, Shuxiong; Fu, Lulu; Jiang, Yanwen; Gao, Shan; Liu, Zhuo; Wang, Fengge; Zhu, Xiaoling; Rao, Jiahui; Zhang, Jing; Zhou, Xu

2017-01-20

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) causes female subfertility with ovarian disorders and may be associated with increased rate of early-pregnancy failure. Rat PCOS models were established using letrozole to understand the uterine pathogenesis of PCOS. The differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) was observed in rat uterus with PCOS. After estrous cycles were disrupted, significantly abnormal ovarian morphology and hormone level were observed in rats with PCOS. A total of 148 miRNAs differentially expressed were identified in the uterus from the letrozole-induced rat model compared with the control. These miRNAs included 111 upregulated miRNAs and 37 downregulated miRNAs. The differential expression of miR-484, miR-375-3p, miR-324-5p, and miR-223-3p was further confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Bioinformatic analysis showed that these four miRNAs were predicted to regulate a large number of genes with different functions. Pathway analysis supported that target genes of miRNAs were involved in insulin secretion and signaling pathways, such as wnt, AMPK, PI3K-Akt, and Ras. These data indicated that miRNAs differentially expressed in rat uterus with PCOS may be associated with PCOS pathogenesis in the uterus. Our findings can help clarify the mechanism of uterine defects in PCOS. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Fluid shear stress regulates vascular remodeling via VEGFR-3 activation, although independently of its ligand, VEGF-C, in the uterus during pregnancy.

PubMed

Park, Yang-Gyu; Choi, Jawun; Jung, Hye-Kang; Song, In Kyu; Shin, Yongwhan; Park, Sang-Youel; Seol, Jae-Won

2017-10-01

Early pregnancy is characterized by an increase in the blood volume of the uterus for embryonic development, thereby exerting fluid shear stress (FSS) on the vascular walls. The uterus experiences vascular remodeling to accommodate the increased blood flow. The blood flow‑induced FSS elevates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors, and regulates vascular remodeling through the activation of VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3). However, the mechanisms responsible for FSS-induced VEGFR-3 expression in the uterus during pregnancy are unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that vascular remodeling in the uterus during pregnancy is regulated by FSS-induced VEGFR-3 expression. We examined the association between VEGFR-3 and FSS through in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vivo experiments revealed VEGFR-3 expression in the CD31-positive region of the uterus of pregnant mice; VEGF-C (ligand for VEGFR‑3) was undetected in the uterus. These results confirmed that VEGFR-3 expression in the endometrium is independent of its ligand. In vitro studies experiments revealed that FSS induced morphological changes and increased VEGFR-3 expression in human uterine microvascular endothelial cells. Thus, VEGFR-3 activation by FSS is associated with vascular remodeling to allow increased blood flow in the uterus during pregnancy.

Hysteroscopic Resection of the Vaginal Septum in Uterus Didelphys with Obstructed Hemivagina: A Case Report

PubMed Central

Kim, Tae Eun; Lee, Gyoung Hoon; Jee, Byung Chul; Ku, Seung-Yup; Suh, Chang Suk; Kim, Seok Hyun; Kim, Jung Gu; Moon, Shin Yong

2007-01-01

Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly. Excision of the obstructed vaginal septum is the treatment of choice for symptom relief and the preservation of reproductive capability. A 14-yr-old girl complained of persistent vaginal spotting following each menstruation. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging revealed a uterus didelphys with left hematocolpos and ipsilateral renal agenesis. Instead of conventional transvaginal excision of the vaginal septum, we used hysteroscopic excision under transabdominal ultrasonographic guidance to preserve the integrity of the hymen. The postoperative course was uneventful, and clinical symptoms were completely resolved after this intervention. Resectoscopic excision of the vaginal septum was found to be easy, safe, effective, and appropriate for young women as it preserved hymen integrity. We believe that this is the first Korean report on the use of a hysteroscopy for vaginal septum resection in a patient with uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina. PMID:17728527

Laparoscopic hemi-hysterectomy in treatment of a didelphic uterus with a hypoplastic cervix and obstructed hemi-vagina.

PubMed

Boudhraa, K; Barbarino, A; Gara, Mohamed Faouzi

2008-11-01

Maldevelopment of the Müllerian duct system may result in various urogenital anomalies including didelphic uterus with a hypoplastic cervix and obstructed hemi-vagina. We report a patient with this anomaly who was treated by laparoscopic hemi-hysterectomy and hysteroscopic resection of hemi-vagina. A 16-year-old patient who had complained of vaginal pus-like discharge on and off for 1 year was diagnosed by MRI to have a double uterus with obstructed right hemi-vagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis. After hysteroscopic identification of hypoplasia of the right uterine cervix, laparoscopic resection of the right uterus and right fallopian tube and hysteroscopic assisted resection of the vaginal septa were performed successfully. We think that combined laparoscopy and hysteroscopy may be an effective alternative in the management and diagnosis of Mullerian anomalies.

Extraction of collagenase from the involuting rat uterus.

PubMed

Weeks, J G; Halme, J; Woessner, J F

1976-08-12

Collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3) activity can be measured directly in homogenates of the involuting rat uterus. Latent forms of collagenase are activated by a brief exposure to trypsin; trypsin activity is then blocked with soybean trypsin inhibitor. Homogenizing conditions have been developed that permit 90-95% recovery of the total active and latent collagenase activity in a 6000 X g pellet, where it is presumably bound to its collagen substrate. This insoluble activity can then be extracted by heating to 60 degrees C for 4 min in 0.04 M Tris - HCl buffer, pH 7.5, containing 0.1 M CaCl2. Methods are presented for the estimation of the recovery of collagenase in the extracts; this approximates 65-70% of the total. Small amounts of activity can also be extracted from rat liver and kidney. This extraction procedure should be of use in purifying collagenase without culturing the enzyme-producing tissue and in the direct assay of tissue collagenase activity. The activity extracted from rat uterus has been proven to be collagenase by its characteristic pattern of collagen breakdown products on disc electrophoresis and by the split of tropocollagen at interband 41 as shown by electron microscopy of reconstituted fragments. The activity is inhibited by EDTA, and this inhibition is not reversed by calcium or zinc ions.

Very early stage adenocarcinoma arising from adenomyosis in the uterus.

PubMed

Hsu, Ming-I; Chou, Szu-Yuan; Lin, Sey-En; Liang, So-Jung; Chiu, Hsiao-Chen; Hsu, Chun-Sen

2006-12-01

Malignant transformations of adenomyosis in premenopausal women with normal endometrium are extremely rare. We report a case of adenocarcinoma arising from an adenomyotic focus in the uterus, which was found unexpectedly in a woman undergoing myomectomy for adenomyosis. A 47-year-old premenopausal woman presented with massive vaginal bleeding and anemia. She was admitted and underwent myomectomy under the initial diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma. Microscopic studies revealed endometrioid adenocarcinoma, which was a malignant transformation of a focus of adenomyosis in the surgical specimen. A total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy was then performed. Pathologic studies showed no residual tumors in the entire resected specimen except for the previous lesion. The endometrium had normal thickness with mild proliferative activity throughout the cavity. There was no atrophic or hyperplastic change in the whole endometrium. The adenocarcinoma was present exclusively in the myometrium, and a transition between the carcinoma and the adenomyotic glands was observed. This case report presents evidence that adenocarcinoma may a rise de novo from an adenomyotic lesion in the uterus.

Tachykinin receptors in the rat isolated uterus.

PubMed

Fisher, L; Pennefather, J N; Hall, S

1993-07-02

Tachykinin receptors mediating uterotonic effects were examined in preparations from oestrogen-primed rats. In the absence of peptidase inhibitors [Lys5-MeLeu9-Nle10] NKA (4-10) was 14-fold more potent than neurokinin A (NKA), but the two peptides were equipotent in the presence of phosphoramidon alone and in combination with amastatin. The NK-2 receptor antagonist SR 48968 antagonised responses to the tachykinins. These findings indicate that an NK-2 receptor is present in the oestrogen-primed rat uterus and that endopeptidase 24.11 plays a major role to inactivate NKA in this tissue.

[Unicornuate uterus with cavitary non-communicating rudimentary horn: magnetic resonance characterization].

PubMed

Chamorro-Oscullo, Jenny Del Rocío; Sánchez-Cortázar, Julián Antonio; Gómez-Pérez, María de Guadalupe

2018-01-01

Mullerian duct or paramesonephric anomalies are a group of congenital malformations of the female genital tract that result from the alteration in one or more stages of embryonic development. The prevalence has increased, probably due to the progress of diagnostic imaging methods and the relevance that it has acquired in young women with infertility problems. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently the method of choice for characterizing the different types of Mullerian anomalies, its complications and associated pathology. Unicornuate uterus correspond to class II of classification of Mullerian duct anomalies developed by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. According to this, four subtypes have been identified, each with different clinical implications. A cavitated, non-communicating rudimentary horn in a unicornuate uterus is associated with an increased incidence of gynecological problems and obstetric complications that sometimes threaten the lives of patients, reason why its suspicion, diagnosis and treatment is necessary. We report the case of a patient with infertility in which this subtype of congenital malformation was discovered.

Urinary retention and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) secondary to impacted gravid uterus.

PubMed

Irani, M; Fisher, N; Mor, A; Bensinger, G

2016-06-01

Urinary retention is an emergency that rarely occurs during pregnancy. Previous case reports have suggested multiple risk factors that can cause the gravid uterus to become impacted in the pelvis leading to lower bladder or urethral compression with subsequent urinary retention. However, no cases of urinary obstruction in a pregnancy that was complicated with severe electrolyte imbalance have been reported. To our knowledge, we report the first case of a 31-year-old woman presenting at 8 weeks' gestation with acute urinary retention caused by a retroflexed, retroverted uterus with a 6-cm posterior uterine fibroid leading to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and severe hyponatremia requiring intensive care unit admission. The cornerstones of effective management of urinary retention should include: (i) urgent bladder catheterization; (ii) assessment of sodium levels to rule out syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, and prompt treatment before neurological damage occurs; (iii) reduction of the impacted uterus; and (iv) monitoring for post-obstructive diuresis. © 2016 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Benign abdominal and pulmonary metastasizing leiomyoma of the uterus.

PubMed

Egberts, Jan-Hendrik; Schafmayer, Clemens; Bauerschlag, Dirk O; Jänig, Ute; Tepel, Juergen

2006-08-01

Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare disease in which the lung is described to be the most afflicted extrauterine organ. We report of a 42-year-old African woman with a BML in the abdomen and lung who had undergone a hysterectomy for uterine leiomyoma 10 years ago. She was admitted to our hospital for investigation of a huge tumor mass in the pelvis consisting of multiple nodules in the abdomen and left lung. Assuming an advanced intraperitoneal malignancy was present, a 'palliative' limited tumor debulking and due to a tumor compressing the sigmoid a Hartmann's procedure was performed. The histopathologic examination showed a leiomyoma positive for estrogen receptor. Treatment was started with GnRH analoga. In the presence of a stable disease after 12 months, the patient underwent a re-laparotomy with a reanastomosis of the colon. Treatment was continued with GnRH analoga and the residual nodules have not increased in size during 36 months of follow-up. The review of the literature supports the concept that the primary tumor of BML is located in the uterus and that leiomyomas in the uterus can metastasize leading via hematogenous spread to BML. However, the origin of the tumor remains controversial.

Hot topic: 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals the microbiome of the virgin and pregnant bovine uterus.

PubMed

Moore, S G; Ericsson, A C; Poock, S E; Melendez, P; Lucy, M C

2017-06-01

We tested the hypothesis that the uterus of virgin heifers and pregnant cows possessed a resident microbiome by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the virgin and pregnant bovine uterus. The endometrium of 10 virgin heifers in estrus and the amniotic fluid, placentome, intercotyledonary placenta, cervical lumen, and external cervix surface (control) of 5 pregnant cows were sampled using aseptic techniques. The DNA was extracted, the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified, and amplicons were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq technology (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). Operational taxonomic units (OTU) were generated from the sequences using Qiime v1.8 software, and taxonomy was assigned using the Greengenes database. The effect of tissue on the microbial composition within the pregnant uterus was tested using univariate (mixed model) and multivariate (permutational multivariate ANOVA) procedures. Amplicons of 16S rRNA gene were generated in all samples, supporting the contention that the uterus of virgin heifers and pregnant cows contained a microbiome. On average, 53, 199, 380, 382, 525, and 13,589 reads annotated as 16, 35, 43, 63, 48, and 176 OTU in the placentome, virgin endometrium, amniotic fluid, cervical lumen, intercotyledonary placenta, and external surface of the cervix, respectively, were generated. The 3 most abundant phyla in the uterus of the virgin heifers and pregnant cows were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria, and they accounted for approximately 40, 35, and 10% of the sequences, respectively. Phyla abundance was similar between the tissues of the pregnant uterus. Principal component analysis, one-way PERMANOVA analysis of the Bray-Curtis similarity index, and mixed model analysis of the Shannon diversity index and Chao1 index demonstrated that the microbiome of the control tissue (external surface of the cervix) was significantly different from that of the amniotic fluid, intercotyledonary placenta, and placentome tissues

Blood as a route of transmission of uterine pathogens from the gut to the uterus in cows.

PubMed

Jeon, Soo Jin; Cunha, Federico; Vieira-Neto, Achilles; Bicalho, Rodrigo C; Lima, Svetlana; Bicalho, Marcela L; Galvão, Klibs N

2017-08-25

Metritis is an inflammatory disease of the uterus caused by bacterial infection, particularly Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium. Bacteria from the environment, feces, or vagina are believed to be the only sources of uterine contamination. Blood seeps into the uterus after calving; therefore, we hypothesized that blood could also be a seeding source of uterine bacteria. Herein, we compared bacterial communities from blood, feces, and uterine samples from the same cows at 0 and 2 days postpartum using deep sequencing and qPCR. The vaginal microbiome 7 days before calving was also compared. There was a unique structure of bacterial communities by sample type. Principal coordinate analysis revealed two distinct clusters for blood and feces, whereas vaginal and uterine bacterial communities were more scattered, indicating greater variability. Cluster analysis indicated that uterine bacterial communities were more similar to fecal bacterial communities than vaginal and blood bacterial communities. Nonetheless, there were core genera shared by all blood, feces, vaginal, and uterine samples. Major uterine pathogens such as Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium were part of the core genera in blood, feces, and vagina. Other uterine pathogens such as Prevotella and Helcococcus were not part of the core genera in vaginal samples. In addition, uterine pathogens showed a strong and significant interaction with each other in the network of blood microbiota, but not in feces or vagina. These microbial interactions in blood may be an important component of disease etiology. The copy number of total bacteria in blood and uterus was correlated; the same did not occur in other sites. Bacteroides heparinolyticus was more abundant in the uterus on day 0, and both B. heparinolyticus and Fusobacterium necrophorum were more abundant in the uterus than in the blood and feces on day 2. This indicates that B. heparinolyticus has a tropism for the uterus, whereas both

Does melatonin influence the apoptosis in rat uterus of animals exposed to continuous light?

PubMed

Ferreira, Cecília S; Carvalho, Kátia C; Maganhin, Carla C; Paiotti, Ana P R; Oshima, Celina T F; Simões, Manuel J; Baracat, Edmund C; Soares, José M

2016-02-01

Melatonin has been described as a protective agent against cell death and oxidative stress in different tissues, including in the reproductive system. However, the information on the action of this hormone in rat uterine apoptosis is low. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of melatonin on mechanisms of cell death in uterus of rats exposed to continuous light stress. Twenty adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups: GContr (vehicle control) and GExp which were treated with melatonin (0.4 mg/mL), both were exposed to continuous light for 90 days. The uterus was removed and processed for quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), using PCR-array plates of the apoptosis pathway; for immunohistochemistry and TUNEL. The results of qRT-PCR of GEXP group showed up-regulation of 13 and 7, pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes, respectively, compared to GContr group. No difference in pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Fas and Faslg) expression was observed by immunohistochemistry, although the number of TUNEL-positive cells was lower in the group treated with melatonin compared to the group not treated with this hormone. Our data suggest that melatonin influences the mechanism and decreases the apoptosis in uterus of rats exposed to continuous light.

[Ultrastructural characteristics of the vitellaria, uterus and vagina of Amphilina foliacea Rudolphi, 1819 (Cestoda: Amphilinidea)].

PubMed

Poddubnaia, L G

2013-01-01

The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles, uterus and vagina of the amphilinid cestode Amphilina foliacea from the body cavity of Acipenser ruthenus of the Volga basin are described. Some new distinguishing characters are revealed, including the presence of a single type of the cellular component in the vitelline follicles with sarcoplasmic processes filling the space around and within vitellocytes. The,uterus of this species is recognized by the presence of the syncytial epithelial lining with underlying secretory perikaria and different kinds of luminal projections. The most distal part of the uterus, situated closely to the uterine pore, is characterized by nuclei occupying the syncytial uterine epithelium. Slightly further proximally, they are located basally and then transformed into sunken perikaria. The vaginal epithelium is characterized by the syncytial structure with underlying epithelial perikaria in its distal region, with intraepithelial location of the nuclei slightly further proximally and the absence of the nuclei in its proximal region (the seminal receptacle). The syncytial cytoplasm of the vagina contains numerous vesicles and possesses microvilli-like surface structures. The morphological aspects of the female reproductive system of A. foliacea are compared with those of other Cestoda and Neodermata.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Developmental Anomalies of the Uterus and the Vagina in Pediatric Patients.

PubMed

Gould, Sharon W; Epelman, Monica

2015-08-01

Developmental anomalies of the uterus and the vagina are associated with infertility and miscarriage and are most commonly detected in the postpubertal age-group. These conditions may also present in younger patients as a mass or pain owing to obstruction of the uterus or the vagina. Associated urinary tract anomalies are common, as well. Accurate diagnosis and thorough description of these anomalies is essential for appropriate management; however, evaluation may be difficult in an immature reproductive tract. Magnetic resonance imaging technique pertinent to imaging of the pediatric female reproductive tract is presented and illustrated along with the findings associated with various anomalies. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effects of Chronic Genistein Treatment in Mammary Gland, Uterus, and Vagina

PubMed Central

Rimoldi, Guillermo; Christoffel, Julie; Seidlova-Wuttke, Dana; Jarry, Hubertus; Wuttke, Wolfgang

2007-01-01

Background The isoflavone genistein (GEN) is found in soy (Glycine max) and red clover (Trifolium pratense). The estrogenic activity of GEN is known, and it is widely advertised as a phytoestrogen useful in alleviating climacteric complaints and other postmenopausal disorders. Knowledge of effects of long-term administration of GEN in laboratory animals is scarce, and effects in the uterus and mammary gland after long-term administration have not been studied. The uterus and mammary gland are known to be negatively influenced by estrogens used in hormone therapy. Objectives We administered two doses of GEN [mean daily uptake 5.4 (low) or 54 mg/kg (high) body weight (bw)] orally over a period of 3 months to ovariectomized (ovx) rats and compared the effects with a treatment with two doses of 17β-estradiol [E2; 0.17 (low) or 0.7 mg/kg bw (high)]. Mammary glands, vaginae, and uteri were investigated morphologically and immunohistochemically. We quantified the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and progesterone receptor (PR) in the mammary gland. Results In rats treated with either of the E2 doses or the high GEN dose, we found increased uterine weight, and histologic analysis showed estrogen-induced features in the uteri. In vaginae, either E2 dose or GEN high induced hyperplastic epithelium compared with the atrophic controls. In the mammary gland, E2 (either dose) or GEN increased proliferation and PR expression. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone were decreased by E2 (both doses) but not by GEN. Conclusions In summary, E2 and GEN share many effects in the studied organs, particularly in the vagina, uterus, and mammary gland but not in the hypothalamo/pituitary unit. PMID:18174952

Arsenic abrogates the estrogen-signaling pathway in the rat uterus

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Arsenic, a major pollutant of water as well as soil, is a known endocrine disruptor, and shows adverse effects on the female reproductive physiology. However, the exact molecular events leading to reproductive dysfunctions as a result of arsenic exposure are yet to be ascertained. This report evaluates the effect and mode of action of chronic oral arsenic exposure on the uterine physiology of mature female albino rats. Methods The effect of chronic oral exposure to arsenic at the dose of 4 microg/ml for 28 days was evaluated on adult female albino rats. Hematoxylin-eosin double staining method evaluated the changes in the histological architecture of the uterus. Circulating levels of gonadotropins and estradiol were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of the estrogen receptor and estrogen-induced genes was studied at the mRNA level by RT-PCR and at the protein level by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Results Sodium arsenite treatment decreased circulating levels of estradiol in a dose and time-dependent manner, along with decrease in the levels of both LH and FSH. Histological evaluation revealed degeneration of luminal epithelial cells and endometrial glands in response to arsenic treatment, along with reduction in thickness of the longitudinal muscle layer. Concomitantly, downregulation of estrogen receptor (ER alpha), the estrogen-responsive gene - vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and G1 cell cycle proteins, cyclin D1 and CDK4, was also observed. Conclusion Together, the results indicate that arsenic disrupted the circulating levels of gonadotropins and estradiol, led to degeneration of luminal epithelial, stromal and myometrial cells of the rat uterus and downregulated the downstream components of the estrogen signaling pathway. Since development and functional maintenance of the uterus is under the influence of estradiol, arsenic-induced structural degeneration may be attributed to the reduction in

Cervical brachytherapy technique for locally advanced carcinoma of the cervix in a patient with septate uterus.

PubMed

Platta, Christopher S; Wallace, Charlie; Gondi, Vinai; Das, Rupak; Straub, Margaret; Al-Niaimi, Ahmed; Applegate, Glenn; Bradley, Kristin A

2014-03-01

To describe an approach to cervical brachytherapy in a patient with congenital septate uterus and locally advanced cervical carcinoma. The patient is a 34-year-old female with septate uterus presenting with pelvic pain. Workup demonstrated a stage IIB cervical adenocarcinoma with imaging evidence of an involved right external iliac lymph node. The patient received whole pelvic radiation, with concurrent weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m(2)), to a dose of 45 Gy in 25 fractions followed by a parametrial boost of 5.4 Gy and an additional nodal boost of 9 Gy. The patient was initiated on cervical brachytherapy following fraction 23 of pelvic radiation. To conform to her septated uterus, a Rotte-Y tandem was used. Additionally, 2 CT-compatible ovoids were placed in the vaginal apex to enhance dose distribution and coverage of the target volume. Each fraction of brachytherapy was performed with CT-based planning. A high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) and normal structures were defined and constrained per American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) and Groupe Européen de Curiethérapie/European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (GEC-ESTRO) guidelines. The brachytherapy dose was 27.5 Gy in 5 fractions of 5.5 Gy each, prescribed to the HR-CTV. Herein, we report the first documented case of cervical brachytherapy in a patient with septate uterus and locally advanced cervical carcinoma. Using CT-guided planning, in conjunction with the ABS and GEC-ESTRO guidelines, the patient was effectively treated with adapted cervical brachytherapy, meeting criteria for HR-CTV coverage and normal tissue tolerances.

Rupture of the gravid uterus in a tertiary health facility in the Niger delta region of Nigeria: A 5-year review.

PubMed

Nyengidiki, T K; Allagoa, D O

2011-10-01

Ruptured uterus is a major life-threatening condition encountered mostly in developing countries and is an index of failure of obstetric care at a point in time in a woman's reproductive career. With worsening economic condition, increasing caesarean section rates, and patients' aversion for operative delivery this condition would still remain a major obstetric matter for discussion. To identify the incidence, sociodemographic variables, clinical characteristics, causes, and outcome of ruptured uterus at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. A 5-year retrospective study of cases of ruptured uterus at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital was carried out. The case notes of 40 patients with uterine rupture during the period 2003-2007 were analyzed. Data collected included sociodemographic characteristics, etiologic factors, clinical presentation, and outcome. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel version 2007 and SPSS 14.0 computer software. The incidence of rupture of the gravid uterus was 1:258 deliveries. In patients with rupture of the gravid uterus, 65% (26) of patients were unbooked; 37.5% (15) were aged between 25 and 29 years. A total of 42.5% (17) of patients had secondary education and 21 (52.5%) were housewives. Rupture of a previous scar was the commonest etiologic factor accounting for 32.5% (11). The commonest presentation was abdominal pain in 92.5% of cases. Perinatal mortality and maternal mortality were 80% and 17.5% respectively. Rupture of the gravid uterus still remains a major cause of maternal mortality. Injudicious use of oxytocics should be discouraged in peripheral health facilities and reinforcement of the need for hospital based deliveries in patients with previous caesarean sections should also be intensified to improve outcome.

A rare case of leiomyosarcoma originating from the left round ligament of the uterus.

PubMed

Kaba, Metin; Tokmak, Aytekin; Timur, Hakan; Özdal, Bülent; Şirvan, Levent; Güngör, Tayfun

2016-07-01

Uterine leiomyosarcomas (LMS) are rare malignancies with a poor prognosis. The incidence is reported to be 3-7/100.000 per year. Preoperative and intraoperative differentiation between LMS and large leiomyoma is always challenging. Therefore, LMS are often diagnosed during postoperative histologic evaluation of hysterectomy or myomectomy specimens. LMS of the round ligament of the uterus which can represent as an inguinal or pelvic mass is extremely rare. To our knowledge, there is only one case report of LMS arising from the round ligament available in the literature. Herein, we aimed to present the second case of LMS originating from the left round ligament of the uterus in a premenopausal woman initially misdiagnosed as an ovarian tumor. © 2016 Old City Publishing, Inc.

Uterus bicornis bicollis, imperforate hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis: case report and literature review.

PubMed

DaCosta, V; Christie, L; Wynter, S; Harriott, J; Frederick, J

2009-09-01

We present a case of a patient with Uterus bicornis bicollis, imperforate hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis. This group of congenital malformations is often asymptomatic until puberty, when it presents as cyclic dysmenorrhoea, leucorrhoea or a pelvic mass. Magnetic resonance imaging is becoming the preferred modality for delineation of uterine malformations. When congenital abnormalities of the reproductive tract are encountered, a search should also be made for renal anomalies. Patients with Uterus bicornis bicollis and unilateral imperforate vagina are often seen with pain severe enough to mimic an acute abdomen. It is important to keep this unusual congenital malformation in mind in the differential diagnosis of vaginal discharge, pelvic mass and/or abdominopelvic pain in young women so as to avoid inappropriate surgical procedures.

Reflections on the No-Uterus Rule: Pregnancy, Academia, and Feminist Pedagogy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shope, Janet Hinson

2005-01-01

This essay relays the author's own pregnancy story to illustrate how academia traditionally reinforces the mind/body dualism by adhering to the no-uterus rule: a gender blind, antibody approach that treats persons as if they do not occupy a body in time and space. Her experience reveals the problems disembodied approaches to knowledge pose for…

Expression of VEGF 111 and other VEGF-A variants in the rat uterus is correlated with stage of pregnancy.

PubMed

Whittington, Camilla M; Danastas, Kevin; Grau, Georges E; Murphy, Christopher R; Thompson, Michael B

2017-02-01

Vascular endothelial growth factor A is a major mediator of angiogenesis, a critically important process in vertebrate growth and development as well as pregnancy. Here we report for the first time the expression of a rare and unusually potent splice variant, VEGF 111 , in vivo in mammals. This variant has previously only been found in mammals in cultured human cells exposed to genotoxic agents. Our discovery of VEGF 111 in the uterus of both a eutherian (rat) and a marsupial (fat-tailed dunnart) suggests that the splice variant may be common to all mammals. As VEGF 111 is also expressed in the uterus of at least one lineage of lizards, the expression of this splice variant may be a widespread amniote phenomenon. We measured expression of VEGF 111 and two major VEGF-A splice variants in the uterus of pregnant rats, showing that the three variants show different expression patterns across pregnancy. Our results suggest that viviparous mammals possess a precisely regulated milieu of VEGF isoforms producing the angiogenesis required for successful pregnancy. The discovery of VEGF 111 in rat uterus paves the way for the development of in vivo models of VEGF 111 activity in a highly tractable laboratory animal, and is particularly significant in the context of early pregnancy loss and cancer research.

Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Device Placement in a Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patient with a Bicornuate Uterus.

PubMed

Eskew, Ashley M; Crane, Erin K

2016-01-01

Young women with breast cancer face contraceptive challenges. Data are limited and conflicting on the use of the levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) in this patient population. A 32-year-old nulligravid woman with a history of breast cancer on tamoxifen presented with new-onset vaginal bleeding. Further workup revealed a previously undiagnosed bicornuate uterus. She underwent hysteroscopy, dilation and curettage, and LNG-IUD placement in each uterine horn. Postoperative follow-up confirmed retention and proper placement of both IUDs. Pathology from the dilation and curettage was benign, and the abnormal uterine bleeding abated. LNG-IUD placement in a young patient with a personal history of breast cancer on tamoxifen and a bicornuate uterus is a safe and feasible alternative for contraception. Copyright © 2016 AAGL. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Metamorphosis of the uterus from Hippocrates to Ambroise Pare].

PubMed

Dasen, Véronique

2002-01-01

The treatise Des monstres et prodiges (1579, 1585) by Ambroise Paré includes a vignette depicting a monstrous embryo in the form of a human head surrounded by snakes. This picture belongs to the iconographic tradition relating to the Graeco-Roman mythology of sexuality and procreation. It derives from the belief in the womb's animal nature, illustrated on magic Graeco-Roman and Byzantine gemstones, where the uterus is shown in turn as a cupping vessel, a scarab-beetle, an octopus or the head of Gorgo.

Elastin distribution in the normal uterus, uterine leiomyomas, adenomyosis and adenomyomas: a comparison.

PubMed

Zheng, Wei-Qiang; Ma, Rong; Zheng, Jian-Ming; Gong, Zhi-Jing

2006-04-01

To describe the histologic distribution of elastin in the nonpregnant human uterus, uterine leiomyomas, adenomyosis and adenomyomas. Uteri were obtained from women undergoing hysterectomy for benign conditions, including 26 cases of uterine leiomyomas, 24 cases of adenomyosis, 18 adenomyomas and 6 cases of autopsy specimens. Specific histochemical staining techniques were employed in order to demonstrate the distribution of elastin. The distribution of elastin components in the uterus was markedly uneven and showed a decreasing gradient from outer to inner myometrium. No elastin was present within leiomyomas, adenomyomas or adenomyosis. The distribution of elastin may help explain the normal function of the myometrium in labor. It implies that the uneven distribution of elastin components and absence of elastin within leiomyomas, adenomyomas and adenomyosis could be of some clinical significance. The altered elastin distribution in disease states may help explain such symptoms as dysmenorrhea in uterine endometriosis.

Successful use of balloon tamponade in the management of postpartum hemorrhage in a case of bicornuate uterus.

PubMed

Khan, Erum Saleem; Basharat, Ayesha

2018-01-01

Worldwide 50%-70% of all cases of maternal morbidity have been attributed to postpartum hemorrhage. This report discusses a case of bicornuate uterus in a term pregnancy. The delivery was by cesarean section, which was followed by massive postpartum hemorrhage, managed successfully with balloon tamponade. This is the second reported case of successful management of post partum hemorrhage in a bicornuate uterus with balloon tamponade. A 22-year-old primigravida at 39 weeks of gestational age presented with vaginal leaking of clear fluid. Cesarean section was done due to meconium stained liquor in early labor; with an incidental finding of bicornuate uterus followed by massive postpartum hemorrhage managed successfully with balloon tamponade. The use of uterine balloon tamponade as an effective method to control postpartum hemorrhage has been studied extensively, but use in cases of hemorrhage associated with uterine malformations has not been reported much in literature. Use of uterine balloon tamponade in case of uterine malformations has been highlighted in our case as an effective non-surgical method to control hemorrhage.

UV-fluorescence spectroscopic technique in the diagnosis of breast, ovarian, uterus, and cervix cancer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Das, Bidyut B.; Glassman, Wenling S.; Alfano, Robert R.; Cleary, Joseph; Prudente, R.; Celmer, Edward J.; Lubicz, Stephanie

1991-06-01

Malignant breast tumors can be separated from benign and normal tissues using uv-fluorescence spectroscopic technique. Using the same method one can also distinguish cancerous tissues from noncancerous ones in case of cervix, uterus and ovary.

Down-regulation of anandamide hydrolase in mouse uterus by sex hormones.

PubMed

MacCarrone, M; De Felici, M; Bari, M; Klinger, F; Siracusa, G; Finazzi-Agrò, A

2000-05-01

Endocannabinoids are an emerging class of lipid mediators, which mimic several effects of cannabinoids. Anandamide (arachidonoylethanolamide) is a major endocannabinoid, which has been shown to impair pregnancy and embryo development. The activity of anandamide is controlled by cellular uptake through a specific transporter and intracellular degradation by the enzyme anandamide hydrolase (fatty acid amide hydrolase, FAAH). We characterized FAAH in mouse uterus by radiochromatographic and immunochemical techniques, showing that the enzyme is confined to the epithelium and its activity decreases appreciably during pregnancy or pseudopregnancy because of lower gene expression at the translational level. Ovariectomy prevented the decrease in FAAH, and both progesterone and estrogen further reduced its basal levels, suggesting hormonal control of the enzyme. Anandamide was shown to induce programmed cell death in mouse blastocysts, through a pathway independent of type-1 cannabinoid receptor. Blastocysts, however, have a specific anandamide transporter and FAAH, which scavenge this lipid. Taken together, these results provide evidence of an interplay between endocannabinoids and sex hormones in pregnancy. These findings may also be relevant for human fertility, as epithelial cells from healthy human uterus showed FAAH activity and expression, which in adenocarcinoma cells was increased fivefold.

Small bowel obstruction following perforation of the uterus at induced abortion.

PubMed

Nkor, S K; Igberase, G O; Osime, O C; Faleyimu, B L; Babalola, R

2009-01-01

Unsafe abortion is an important contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality. To present a case of small bowel obstruction following perforation of the uterus at induced abortion. A 36-year-old woman, presented at a private hospital, with abdominal pain and weight loss. She had full clinical assessment and laboratory investigations which indicated small bowel obstruction following perforation of the uterus at induced abortion, and was commenced on treatment. She was para 5+0. Her main complaints were abdominal and weight loss following induced abortion of a 12- week pregnancy, four months prior to presentation. At presentation the tools (ultrasound scan, plain abdominal radiograph and barium enema) used for diagnoses only suggested some form of intestinal obstruction and were unremarkable. Correct diagnoses indicating small bowel obstruction was only made at laparotomy. An exploratory laparotomy, adhesiolysis, small bowel resection, end to end anastomosis and bowel decompression was done after bowel preparation. Laparotomy has an enviable place in bowel injuries secondary to uterine perforation especially when there is a diagnostic dilemma. Nigerian female population requires continuous health education on widespread and effective use of contraception. Physicians need training and retraining on abortion techniques and management of abortion complications.

Monosodium glutamate suppresses the female reproductive function by impairing the functions of ovary and uterus in rat.

PubMed

Mondal, Mukti; Sarkar, Kaushik; Nath, Partha Pratim; Paul, Goutam

2018-02-01

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the functions of ovary and uterus in rat. Virgin female rats of Charles Foster strain (120 gms approximately) were administrated MSG by oral gavage at a dose level of 0.8, 1.6, 2.4 gm/kgBW/day, respectively for 30 and 40 days duration. We observed a significant decrease in the duration of proestrus, estrus and metestrus phases, and increase in the duration of diestrus phase and diestrus index compared to control. We found significant increase in the levels of serum LH, FSH and estradiol in test groups of rat. We also observed significant increase in the number of primary and primordial follicles, increase in the size of graafian follicle, and decrease in the size of corpus luteum. Further, we have seen significant increase in the activities SOD, CAT and GST, decrease in the activities GR and GPx, and decrease MDA level in MSG exposed groups. These results suggest that MSG impairs the functions of the ovary probably by augmenting the release of FSH, LH and estradiol; promoting the follicular maturation and improving the biochemical mechanism for antioxidant defense. We also observed significant potentiation of the force of contraction of uterus in estrus, metestrus and diestrus phases. This result suggests that MSG potentiates the contraction of uterus probably by stimulating the estradiol sensitivity to oxytocin. From the results it is concluded that MSG suppresses the female reproductive function in rat probably by impairing the functions of ovary and uterus. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Sonographic findings of early pregnancy in the rudimentary horn of a unicornuate uterus: A two case report.

PubMed

Dove, Christine K; Harvey, Sara M; Spalluto, Lucy B

Congenital uterine anomalies have a profound impact on reproductive outcomes. The unicornuate uterus accounts for approximately 20% of all congenital uterine anomalies. Unicornuate uterine anomalies with non-communicating rudimentary horns are at risk of developing ectopic pregnancy in the rudimentary horn. Given increased risked of uterine rupture, rudimentary horn pregnancies pose significant maternal health risks. Understanding the sonographic appearance of early pregnancy within the rudimentary horn of the unicornuate uterine configuration is imperative for appropriate and timely clinical management. We present two cases of pregnancy in the rudimentary horn of a unicornuate uterus diagnosed sonographically in the first trimester. Published by Elsevier Inc.

[Risk factors of pregnancy termination at second and third trimester in women with scarred uterus and placenta previa].

PubMed

Tian, Ji-shun; Pan, Fei-xia; He, Sai-nan; Hu, Wen-sheng

2015-05-01

To investigate the risk factors of pregnancy termination at second and third trimester in women with scarred uterus and placenta previa. Clinical data of 24 pregnant women of second and third trimester with a scarred uterus and placenta previa,who requested termination in Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine from July 2009 to June 2014, were retrospectively analyzed. The method of mifepristone combined with ethacridine lactate was adopted for all cases. Mifepristone combined with ethacridine lactate and uterine artery embolization were routinely given for patients with complete placenta previa. Cesarean section was performed for patients who failed to delivery or underwent massive vaginal bleeding before delivery. Age, gestational weeks, gravidity and parity, times of previous cesarean section, the interval from previous operation, the position and the type of placenta previa, placenta accretet, the indication and method of termination, postpartum hemorrhage, successful rate of labor induction, placental retention ratio and uterus rupture were documented. The successful rate of labor induction was 83.3%. The analysis showed that age, gestational weeks, gravidity and parity and times of previous cesarean section were not risk factors for failed labor induction, however the interval time from previous operation was related to induction failure (P<0.05). Patients with previous cesarean section ≥ 13 years were more likely to require cesarean section than those <13 years (P<0.05). The placenta adhered to the antetheca of the uterus or placenta accrete increased risk to have cesarean section. There were no significant differences in postpartum hemorrhage, the successful rate of labor induction, placental retention ratio and the rate of uterine rupture between patients with uterine artery embolization and those without. The labor induction would be feasible for women with a scarred uterus and placenta previa in second and third-trimester pregnancy

Cigarette Smoke Inhibits Recruitment of Bone-Marrow-Derived Stem cells to The Uterus

PubMed Central

Zhou, Yuping; Gan, Ye; Taylor, Hugh S.

2011-01-01

Cigarette smoking leads to female infertility and a decreased incidence of endometriosis. Bone marrow derived stem cells are recruited to uterine endometrium and endometriosis. The effect of cigarette smoking on stem cell recruitment to any organ is uncharacterized. We hypothesized that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell recruitment to the uterus and differentiation would be diminished by cigarette smoke. We used human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) in vitro and a mouse model of cigarette smoke exposure. After myeloablation female C57BL/6J received bone marrow cells from males. Mice were exposed to room air or smoke from unfiltered cigarettes. Immunofluorescence and Y-FISH was performed on uterine sections. In vitro hMSCs were treated with 8-Br-cAMP to induce endometrial cell differentiation with or without cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and decidualization assessed morphologically and by prolactin expression. After 4 weeks the total number of Y-chromosome cells in the uterus was reduced by 68% in the smoke exposed mice. Both leukocytes and bone marrow derived endometrial cells were reduced by 60% and 73%, respectively. Differentiation of bone marrow derived cell to endometrial epithelial cells was reduced by 84%. hMSC treated with CSE failed to show cytological characteristics of decidualization. mRNA levels of the decidualization marker prolactin were decreased by 90% in CSE treated cells. Smoking inhibits both recruitment of bone marrow derived stem cells to uterus and stem cell differentiation. Inhibition of stem cells recruitment may be a general mechanism by which smoking leads to long term organ damage through inability to repair or regenerate multiple tissues. PMID:20955787

[Twin pregnancy in a unicornuate uterus with a rudimentary horn].

PubMed

Ejnès, L; Desprez, B; Bongain, A; Gillet, J Y

2003-01-01

We describe the case of a rudimentary horn pregnancy coexistent with an intrauterine pregnancy. This situation is usually associated with rupture of the rudimentary horn and death of the correspondent twin. This is the first report on a multiple gestation with the two siblings successfully delivered by caesarean section in the two horns of a unicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn before any complication. Since the maternal mortality is higher in this situation, early ultrasound diagnosis is important to make the right decisions.

[Effects of electroacupuncture of "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) on contents of MDA and beta-EP, and expression of HSP 70 in the uterus in rats with dysmenorrhea].

PubMed

Song, Xiao-Lin; Zhang, Lu-Fen; Li, Xiao-Hong; Xu, Li-Li; Li, Chun-Hua; Ding, Xi-Yan; Ren, Xiao-Xuan; Zhao, Ya-Fang; Guo, Meng-Wei; Sun, Zhi-Fang; Zhu, Jiang

2010-10-01

To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) on the uterus in dysmenorrhea rats so as to study its underlying analgesic mechanism. A total of 48 SD rats during diestrus were randomized into normal saline (control) group, model group and acupuncture group according to a random number table, with 16 rats in each group. Dysmenorrhea model was established by subcutaneous injection of Estradiol benzoate (0.5 mg/d on the 1st and 10th day, and 0.2 mg/d from day 2 to day 9, once daily for 10 days) and oxytocin (2 U/rat, once on day 10). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and beta-endorphin (beta-EP) contents in the uterus were detected by radioimmunoassay, and the heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) immunoactivity of the uterus was detected by immunohistochemistry. In comparison with the control group, MDA content in the uterus was increased significantly in the model group (P < 0.01), while the beta-EP level and the immunoactivity of HSP 70 immune-reaction (IR) positive products in the uterus decrease significantly (P < 0.01) and moderately, respectively in the model group. In comparison with the model group, uterine MDA content in the EA group was decreased significantly (P < 0.01), while uterine beta-EP level increased considerably (P < 0.01) and HSP 70 expression was upregulated to a certain degree. EA of "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) can reduce MDA content and upregulate beta-EP level of the uterus in rats with dysmenorrhea, which may contribute to its analgesic effect in relieving dysmenorrhea by clearing away oxygen free radicals and raising analgesic substance in the uterus.

Fine structure of uterus and non-functioning paruterine organ in Orthoskrjabinia junlanae (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea).

PubMed

Korneva, Janetta V; Kornienko, Svetlana A; Jones, Malcolm K

2016-06-01

Some cyclophyllidean cestodes provide protection for their eggs in the external environment by providing them with additional protective layers around the egg membranes. In attempting to examine such adaptations, the microanatomy and fine structure of the uterus of pregravid and gravid proglottids of the cyclophyllidean cestode Orthoskrjabinia junlanae, a parasite of mammals that inhabit a terrestrial but moist environment, were studied. In the initial stages of uterine development, developing embryos locate freely in the lumen of a saccate uterus that later partitions into chambers. Each chamber that forms encloses several embryos. The chambers are surrounded by muscle cells that synthesize extracellular matrix actively. The paruterine organs consist of stacks of flattened long outgrowths of muscular cells, interspersed with small lipid droplets. In the gravid proglottids, the size of paruterine organ increases and consists of flattened basal and small rounded apical parts separated by constrictions. The fine structure of the organ wall remains the same: sparse nuclei and stacks of flattened cytoplasmic outgrowths but internal invaginations or lumen in the paruterine organ are absent. Completely developed eggs remain localized in the uterus. Based on the comparative morpho-functional analysis of uterine and paruterine organs and uterine capsules in cestodes, we conclude that these non-functioning paruterine organ in O. junlanae is an example of an atavism. We postulate that the life cycle of the parasite, which infects mammals living in wet habitats, where threats of desiccation of parasite ova is reduced, has favoured a reversion to a more ancestral form of uterine development.

Expression of Endogenous Betaretroviruses in the Ovine Uterus: Effects of Neonatal Age, Estrous Cycle, Pregnancy, and Progesterone

PubMed Central

Palmarini, Massimo; Gray, C. Allison; Carpenter, Karen; Fan, Hung; Bazer, Fuller W.; Spencer, Thomas E.

2001-01-01

The ovine genome contains 15 to 20 copies of endogenous retroviruses (enJSRVs) highly related to the oncogenic jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and enzootic nasal tumor virus. enJSRVs are highly expressed in the endometrial lumenal epithelia (LE) and glandular epithelia (GE) of the ovine uterus. The effects of neonatal age, estrous cycle, pregnancy, and progesterone on expression of enJSRVs in the ovine uterus were determined. Expression of enJSRV RNAs was absent from the uterus of ewes at birth, but enJSRV RNAs were expressed specifically in the LE and developing GE from postnatal day (PND) 7 to PND 56. In adult ewes, enJSRV RNAs were detected only in the epithelia of the uterine endometrium, as well as epithelia of the oviduct, cervix, and vagina. In cyclic ewes, endometrial enJSRV RNA abundance was lowest on day 1, increased 12-fold between days 1 and 13, and then decreased to day 15. In pregnant ewes, levels of endometrial enJSRV RNAs were high on day 11, increased to day 13, and then decreased to day 19. In day 17 and 19 conceptuses, enJSRV RNAs were also detected in binucleate cells of the trophectoderm. Immunoreactive JSRV capsid and envelope proteins were detected in the endometrial LE and GE, as well as in the binucleate cells of the conceptus. In transfection assays utilizing ovine endometrial LE cells, progesterone increased transcriptional activity of several enJSRV long terminal repeats. Collectively, these results indicate that transcription of enJSRVs in the endometrial epithelia of the ovine uterus is increased by progesterone and might support a role for enJSRVs in conceptus-endometrium interactions during the peri-implantation period and early placental morphogenesis. PMID:11689612

Surgical versus expectant management in women with an incomplete evacuation of the uterus after treatment with misoprostol for miscarriage: the MisoREST trial

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Medical treatment with misoprostol is a non-invasive and inexpensive treatment option in first trimester miscarriage. However, about 30% of women treated with misoprostol have incomplete evacuation of the uterus. Despite being relatively asymptomatic in most cases, this finding often leads to additional surgical treatment (curettage). A comparison of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of surgical management versus expectant management is lacking in women with incomplete miscarriage after misoprostol. Methods/Design The proposed study is a multicentre randomized controlled trial that assesses the costs and effects of curettage versus expectant management in women with incomplete evacuation of the uterus after misoprostol treatment for first trimester miscarriage. Eligible women will be randomized, after informed consent, within 24 hours after identification of incomplete evacuation of the uterus by ultrasound scanning. Women are randomly allocated to surgical or expectant management. Curettage is performed within three days after randomization. Primary outcome is the sonographic finding of an empty uterus (maximal diameter of any contents of the uterine cavity < 10 millimeters) six weeks after study entry. Secondary outcomes are patients’ quality of life, surgical outcome parameters, the type and number of re-interventions during the first three months and pregnancy rates and outcome 12 months after study entry. Discussion This trial will provide evidence for the (cost) effectiveness of surgical versus expectant management in women with incomplete evacuation of the uterus after misoprostol treatment for first trimester miscarriage. Trial registration Dutch Trial Register: NTR3110 PMID:23638956

Ruptured uterus in pregnancy: a Canadian hospital's experience.

PubMed Central

Fedorkow, D M; Nimrod, C A; Taylor, P J

1987-01-01

Between 1966 and 1985, 15 cases of complete rupture of the uterus in pregnancy were identified among 52,854 deliveries at Foothills Provincial General Hospital, Calgary, for an incidence rate of 0.3 per 1000 deliveries. Previous cesarean section (in seven patients) was not the only predisposing factor: a history of dilatation and curettage (in two patients) or laparoscopy (in one) were also implicated. Long, obstructed labour did not appear to be a factor. Rupture also occurred in patients at low risk. The most frequent immediate complication was hypotension, in five patients. The rupture site was repaired in 11 of the patients; the other 4 underwent hysterectomy. Close surveillance and prompt intervention are the keys to good fetal and maternal outcome. PMID:3594331

PGF₂α levels in Day 8 blood plasma are increased by the presence of one or more embryos in the uterus.

PubMed

Gomez, E; Martin, D; Carrocera, S; Muñoz, M

2015-08-01

In cattle, the detection of very early endometrial responses is considered to be hampered by the presence of only a single embryo. Therefore, we have previously developed a model of multiple embryo transfer to circumvent this hindrance. In this work, we analysed embryo-maternal interactions in the bovine uterus on day 8 of development while comparing the presence of multiple v. single embryos using embryo transfer and artificial insemination, respectively. Concentration of proteins (β-actin, NFkB, clusterin and immunoproteosome 20S β5i subunit-i20S), by western blot, and hexoses (glucose and fructose) were measured in paired samples of uterine fluid (UF) from the same animal with and without embryos in the uterus and were compared with UF obtained after artificial insemination. Prostaglandin (PG) F2 α and PGE2 concentrations were also analysed in blood plasma. The four proteins analysed and hexoses were unaffected by the presence of one or more embryos in the uterus. However, blood PGF2 α showed similar, significant increases with one or more embryos over cyclic animals; such changes were not observed in blood PGE2. Although multiple embryo transfer may appear to be non-physiological, we showed that the uterus, at the very early embryonic stages, does exhibit physiological reactions. Multiple embryo transfer can, therefore, be used for studies of very early embryo-maternal interactions in vivo in monotocous species.

Abdominal Cocoon in Association with Adenomyosis and Leiomyomata of the Uterus and Endometriotic Cyst : Unusual Presentation

PubMed Central

Mohd. Noor, Nor Haznita; Zaki, Nik Mohamed; Kaur, Gurjeet; Naik, Venkatesh R.; Zakaria, Ahmad Zahari

2004-01-01

Abdominal cocoon or sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is a rare condition. A 46 year old Malay woman with adenomyosis and leiomyomata of the uterus and ovarian endometriotic cyst in association with abdominal cocoon is reported. PMID:22977364

A case report of bicornis bicollis uterus with unilateral cervical atresia: an unusual aetiology of chronic debilitating pelvic pain in a Cameroonian teenager.

PubMed

Dohbit, Julius Sama; Meka, Esther; Tochie, Joel Noutakdie; Kamla, Igor; Mwadjie, Darolles; Foumane, Pascal

2017-06-02

Congenital uterine anomalies like bicornis or bicornuate uterus are relatively rare in sub-Saharan Africa. They are associated with an increased rate of spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, and infertility. The occurrence of bicornis bicollis uterus with unilateral cervical atresia is exceptional and its management is controversial. We hereby report a rare cause of chronic pelvic pain in a Cameroonian teenager due to unilateral obstructive hematometra and hematosalpinx in the non-communicating horn of a bicornis bicollis uterus. A 13-year-old premenarchal non-virgin female presented with chronic and severe cyclical crampy pelvic pain. On clinical examination, she had a perforated hymen, a single vagina, and one uterine cervix. A two-dimensional pelvic ultrasonography revealed hematometra but missed out the underlying anomaly. Failure to drain the hematometra by serial cervical dilatations prompted an exploratory laparotomy which revealed: bicornis bicollis uterus with a right rudimentary uterine horn communicating with the vagina and a left non-communicating uterine horn distended by hematometra due to a homolateral cervical atresia. She underwent utero-vaginal canalization and a left hemi-hysterotomy with drainage of the hematometra. The postoperative period was uneventful. Regular cyclic menses occurred thereafter beginning at the first postoperative month. She had complete resolution of symptoms without recurrence after six months. Due to the risk of compromised fertility from bicornis uterus and the diagnostic challenges akin to resource-limited settings, we highlight the need for a high index of suspicion by healthcare providers when faced with chronic pelvic pain in premenarchal adolescents.

Casein kinase 2 inhibition impairs spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractions in late pregnant mouse uterus.

PubMed

Suhas, K S; Parida, Subhashree; Gokul, Chandrasekaran; Srivastava, Vivek; Prakash, E; Chauhan, Sakshi; Singh, Thakur Uttam; Panigrahi, Manjit; Telang, Avinash G; Mishra, Santosh K

2018-05-01

What is the central question of this study? Does the inhibition of the protein kinase casein kinase 2 (CK2) alter the uterine contractility? What is the main finding and its importance? Inhibition of CK2 impaired the spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractility in late pregnant mouse uterus. This finding suggests that CK2 is a novel pathway mediating oxytocin-induced contractility in the uterus and thus opens up the possibility for this class of drugs to be developed as a new class of tocolytics. The protein kinase casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a ubiquitously expressed serine or threonine kinase known to phosphorylate a number of substrates. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of CK2 inhibition on spontaneous and oxytocin-induced uterine contractions in 19 day pregnant mice. The CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 elicited a concentration-dependent relaxation in late pregnant mouse uterus. CX-4945 and another selective CK2 inhibitor, apigenin, also inhibited the oxytocin-induced contractile response in late pregnant uterine tissue. Apigenin also blunted the prostaglandin F 2α response, but CX-4945 did not. Casein kinase 2 was located in the lipid raft fractions of the cell membrane, and disruption of lipid rafts was found to reverse its effect. The results of the present study suggest that CK2, located in lipid rafts of the cell membrane, is an active regulator of spontaneous and oxytocin-induced uterine contractions in the late pregnant mouse. © 2018 The Authors. Experimental Physiology © 2018 The Physiological Society.

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP) in the Ovine Uterus: Regulation by Interferon Tau and Progesterone1

PubMed Central

Song, Gwonhwa; Satterfield, M. Carey; Kim, Jinyoung; Bazer, Fuller W.; Spencer, Thomas E.

2008-01-01

Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is abundantly expressed by endometrial glands of the ovine uterus and processed into different bioactive peptides, including GRP1-27, GRP18-27, and a C-terminus, that affect cell proliferation and migration. However, little information is available concerning the hormonal regulation of endometrial GRP and expression of GRP receptors in the ovine endometrium and conceptus. These studies determined the effects of pregnancy, progesterone (P4), interferon tau (IFNT), placental lactogen (CSH1), and growth hormone (GH) on expression of GRP in the endometrium and GRP receptors (GRPR, NMBR, BRS3) in the endometrium, conceptus, and placenta. In pregnant ewes, GRP mRNA and protein were first detected predominantly in endometrial glands after Day 10 and were abundant from Days 18 through 120 of gestation. Treatment with IFNT and progesterone but not CSH1 or GH stimulated GRP expression in the endometrial glands. Western blot analyses identified proGRP in uterine luminal fluid and allantoic fluid from Day 80 unilateral pregnant ewes but not in uterine luminal fluid of either cyclic or early pregnant ewes. GRPR mRNA was very low in the Day 18 conceptus and undetectable in the endometrium and placenta; NMBR and BRS3 mRNAs were undetectable in ovine uteroplacental tissues. Collectively, the present studies validate GRP as a novel IFNT-stimulated gene in the glands of the ovine uterus, revealed that IFNT induction of GRP is dependent on P4, and found that exposure of the ovine uterus to P4 for 20 days induces GRP expression in endometrial glands. PMID:18448839

Local microcirculation disorders in uterus under laser tissue welding and their influence in the healing process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kozlov, Valentine I.; Skobelkin, Oleg K.; Fatkullin, Ildar; Terman, Oleg A.; Chizhov, Gennadii; Gabidullina, Rushania

1994-12-01

To study the possibility of using Nd:YAG laser to weld the tissues of the uterus experiments in rats and dogs have been conducted. With the biomicroscopy and the laser Doppler flowmetry we have evaluated the microcirculation in the uterus wall under traditional suture and laser welding suture. As a model of the wound, the dissection of serosa and muscles of the organ wall have been used. In laser welding suture we have welded the zone of tissue about 1 mm3 with the laser (power density 270 W/cm2). Histological control has been fulfilled on various phases of the healing process. The investigation of the uterus wall demonstrates that there are zones of microcirculation disorders in tissues: (1) the zone of coagulation of microvessels and adjacent tissues (about 100 micrometers ); (2) the zone of stasis (150 - 200 micrometers ); (3) the zone of reactive-destructive changes of microvessels (300 micrometers ), (4) the zone of malfunctional microcirculatory changes (600 micrometers ). The coagulation of microvessels changes the character of inflammation and the healing process, decreases the exudation phase and the leucocyte infiltration of tissues, and accelerates the capillary growth. In contrast with traditional suture, in the case of laser welding suture the edema and hemorrhagic signs are less expressed. The complete restoration of microcirculation under laser welding suture has been observed by the fourteenth day of the healing process. Under the traditional suture method normalization of tissue nutritious blood flow has been achieved by 21 days.

Muscle Segment Homeobox Genes Direct Embryonic Diapause by Limiting Inflammation in the Uterus*

PubMed Central

Cha, Jeeyeon; Burnum-Johnson, Kristin E.; Bartos, Amanda; Li, Yingju; Baker, Erin S.; Tilton, Susan C.; Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M.; Piehowski, Paul D.; Monroe, Matthew E.; Jegga, Anil G.; Murata, Shigeo; Hirota, Yasushi; Dey, Sudhansu K.

2015-01-01

Embryonic diapause is a reproductive strategy widespread in the animal kingdom. This phenomenon is defined by a temporary arrest in blastocyst growth and metabolic activity within a quiescent uterus without implantation until the environmental and maternal milieu become favorable for pregnancy to progress. We found that uterine Msx expression persists during diapause across species; their inactivation in the mouse uterus results in termination of diapause with the development of implantation-like responses (“pseudoimplantation”) that ultimately succumbed to resorption. To understand the cause of this failure, we compared proteome profiles between floxed and Msx-deleted uteri. In deleted uteri, several functional networks, including transcription/translation, ubiquitin-proteasome, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, were dysregulated. Computational modeling predicted intersection of these pathways on an enhanced inflammatory signature. Further studies showed that this signature was reflected in increased phosphorylated IκB levels and nuclear NFκB in deleted uteri. This was associated with enhanced proteasome activity and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Interestingly, treatment with anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) reduced the inflammatory signature with improvement of the diapause phenotype. These findings highlight an unexpected role of uterine Msx in limiting aberrant inflammatory responses to maintain embryonic diapause. PMID:25931120

A 34-Week Size Uterus with a Complete Hydatidiform Mole: Hook Effect and Severe Anemia with No Vaginal Bleeding.

PubMed

McLaren, Rodney; Bayya, Vijaya; Irani, Mohamad

2018-01-01

Complete hydatidiform mole is an abnormal pregnancy that usually presents with vaginal bleeding and markedly elevated serum ß-hCG levels. We report a rare case of complete hydatidiform mole occurring in a 16-year-old nulligravid who presented with a 34-week size uterus and a relatively low serum ß-hCG level (722 IU/L)-likely related to the "hook effect"-and severe anemia (hemoglobin: 6.1 g/dL) despite the absence of vaginal bleeding. She also reported right flank pain and was diagnosed with moderate right hydronephrosis owing to the compression exerted by the enlarged uterus on the right ureter. The patient received a total of 6 units of packed red blood cells and was managed by dilation and evacuation followed by serial monitoring of serum ß-hCG levels. Therefore, complete mole can present with symptoms related to an enlarged uterus and severe anemia before the occurrence of vaginal bleeding. It is also important to note that a negative urine pregnancy test or relatively low serum ß-hCG level should prompt repeating the measurement on diluted sample to prevent the "hook effect."

Cellular organization of pre-mRNA splicing factors in several tissues. Changes in the uterus by hormone action.

PubMed

George-Téllez, R; Segura-Valdez, M L; González-Santos, L; Jiménez-García, L F

2002-05-01

In the mammalian cell nucleus, splicing factors are distributed in nuclear domains known as speckles or splicing factor compartments (SFCs). In cultured cells, these domains are dynamic and reflect transcriptional and splicing activities. We used immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy to monitor whether splicing factors in differentiated cells display similar features. Speckled patterns are observed in rat hepatocytes, beta-cells, bronchial and intestine epithelia and also in three cell types of the uterus. Moreover, the number, distribution and sizes of the speckles vary among them. In addition, we studied variations in the circular form (shape) of speckles in uterine cells that are transcriptionally modified by a hormone action. During proestrus of the estral cycle, speckles are irregular in shape while in diestrus I they are circular. Experimentally, in castrated rats luminal epithelial cells show a pattern where speckles are dramatically rounded, but they recover their irregular shape rapidly after an injection of estradiol. The same results were observed in muscle and gland epithelial cells of the uterus. We concluded that different speckled patterns are present in various cells types in differentiated tissues and that these patterns change in the uterus depending upon the presence or absence of hormones such as estradiol.

Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor of the Uterus with Ovarian Involvement: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

PubMed

Fitzpatrick, Megan; Pulver, Tanya; Klein, Molly; Murugan, Paari; Khalifa, Mahmoud; Amin, Khalid

2016-05-06

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are a rare group of neoplasms composed of epithelioid cells that express both melanocytic and myoid markers. When considering PEComas of the female genital tract, the uterus is the most common location. Involvement of the ovary in the context of a primary uterine PEComa, in the absence of systemic disease associated with tuberous sclerosis, however, has only been reported in 1 previous case. We report a case of a PEComa of the uterus with metastasis to the left ovary in a 61-year-old Caucasian woman. Gross examination of the uterus revealed a 10.7×10.5×10.2 cm tan-brown, mostly solid, partially cystic mass. Microscopic examination showed epithelioid cells with clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm, arranged in fascicles. Intranuclear pseudoinclusions were also noted. The tumor cells were smooth muscle actin, caldesmon, and desmin positive (diffuse); HMB-45 positive (focal); and Melan-A, AE1/AE3, CD10, and S100 negative by immunohistochemistry. Distinguishing among mesenchymal neoplasms, including PEComas, endometrial stromal sarcomas, and leiomyosarcomas, can be difficult. Careful analysis of morphologic and immunohistochemical features is of the utmost importance. Differential diagnosis, including morphologic features and immunohistochemical patterns, is also discussed.

Pictorial essay of ultrasound-reconstructed coronal plane images of the uterus in different uterine pathologies.

PubMed

Grigore, Mihaela; Grigore, Anamaria; Gafitanu, Dumitru; Furnica, Cristina

2018-04-01

Imaging in the major planes (horizontal, coronal, and sagittal) of the uterus is important for determining anatomy and allowing the findings to be standardized, and for evaluating and diagnosing different pathological conditions in clinical practice. Examination of the coronal plane is an important step in identifying uterine pathologies and their relationships to the endometrial canal. Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound reveals the normal anatomy better and improves the depiction of abnormal anatomy, as the coronal plane of the uterus can easily be obtained using 3D reconstruction techniques. Our pictorial essay demonstrates that adding 3D ultrasound to a routine gynecological workup can be beneficial for clinicians, enabling a precise diagnosis to be made. In addition, the volumes obtained and stored by 3D ultrasound can allow students or residents to become more familiar with normal and abnormal pelvic structures. Clin. Anat. 31:373-379, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome (uterus didelphys, blind hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis) - a case report

PubMed Central

Arıkan, İlker İnan; Harma, Müge; Harma, Mehmet İbrahim; Bayar, Ülkü; Barut, Aykut

2010-01-01

Uterovaginal duplication with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis is referred to as the Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome. A 17 year old woman presented with right pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea, present since menarche at 13 and worsening over the past year. Ultrasound examination revealed a right pelvic mass (5×5 cm), double endometrial echoes, and hematocolpos. A right pelvic mass, agenesis of the right kidney, double uterus, and blind hemivagina with hematocolpos were detected by magnetic resonance imaging and intravenous pyelography. A right tubo-ovarian abscess with dense adhesions and a double uterus were observed on diagnostic laparoscopy. Adhesiolysis was carried out and purulent material irrigated. After a course of antibiotics, a vaginal septum resection was performed and the pyocolpos drained. She remained symptom free after four months of follow-up. Prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome can significantly improve the lives of sufferers and prevent future complications. PMID:24591910

Contractile effect of rifaximin on bovine uterus in the presence of steroid hormone antagonists.

PubMed

Sciorsci, R L; Piccinno, M; Rizzo, A

2018-04-01

This in vitro study investigated the modulatory effect of rifaximin on bovine uterus contractility, in both phases of the oestrous cycle, with and without the steroid hormones that are predominant in the respective phases: oestrogen in the follicular phase and progesterone in the luteal phase. The procedures were conducted in an isolated organ bath by using rifaximin alone (10 -4  M) and in association with the steroid hormone antagonists (10 -5  M) tamoxifen (oestrogen antagonist) in the follicular phase and mifepristone (progesterone antagonist) in the luteal phase. The results indicated that rifaximin can stimulate uterine contractility. Indeed, the administration of rifaximin in the presence of tamoxifen or mifepristone increased the tonic activity of the uterus in both phases of the cycle. This result is clinically significant because rifaximin might also enable, in vivo, a simultaneous increase in uterine cleaning and the antimicrobial action against bacteria during the first 14 days postpartum, during the development of acute metritis. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Inhibition of P$sup 32$ Capture in the Ovaries and Uterus of White Rats Following the Administration of Pineal Hormone; L'INHIBITION DE LA CAPTATION DU PHOSPHORE P$sup 32$ CHEZ LES RATS ALBINOS AU NIVEAU DES OVARIES ET DE L'UTERUS APRES L'ADMINISTRATION DE L'EPIPHYSEHORMONE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Milcou, S.M.; Serban, Al.M.D. et al.

A study was made in the rat of the modifications in the rate of P/sup 32/ uptake by the ovaries and uterus following the administration of pineal hormone. A dose of 10 mu c of P/sup 32/ was injected intraperitoneally in nubile and nonnubile female rats which had received pineal hormone for ten days. The animals were sacrificed after 4 and 24 hours. The results showed that the rate of P/sup 32/ uptake was reduced in the ovaries and uterus. Antuitrin S and pinea1 hormone were injected into non-nubile rats to study a possible inhibition of gonadotropin by this hormone.more » Gonadotropin causes an increase in P/sup 32/ uptake by the ovary and uterus with a progressive tendency for the first 24 hours. Pineal hormone causes a decrease in the degree of P/sup 32/ uptake produced by the gonadotropin. (J.S.R.)« less

Refractoriness of the gravid rat uterus to tocolytic and biochemical effects of atrial natriuretic peptide.

PubMed Central

Potvin, W.; Varma, D. R.

1990-01-01

1. Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on tension development, particulate guanylate cyclase activity and guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) concentrations of uteri from oestrogen-treated, progesterone-treated, ovariectomized and pregnant rats were determined in vitro. 2. ANP inhibited the tension development by myometrial tissues from oestrogen-treated virgin rats and the sterile horn of 10 to 14 day pregnant rats but not of the uterus from pregnant and progesterone-treated rats. 3. Inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase activities did not restore the tocolytic activity of ANP on gravid uterus. ANP exerted a tocolytic effect on nongravid uterus submaximally stimulated by prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), oxytocin, vasopressin, angiotensin II or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). 4. Ovariectomy decreased the tocolytic effects of ANP, which could be restored by oestrogen treatment. 5. The refractoriness to the tocolytic effect of ANP in pregnant rats was not accompanied by a decrease in its relaxant effects on isolated aortic strips. 6. Tocolytic effects of isoprenaline, isobutylmethyl xanthine and hydroxylamine were not influenced by pregnancy or progesterone treatment. Up to a concentration of 3 mM, sodium nitroprusside did not affect myometrial tension development. 7. Pregnancy and progesterone treatment markedly inhibited ANP-induced increases in myometrial particulate guanylate cyclase activity and cyclic GMP concentrations but did not influence the effects of ANP on aortic cyclic GMP concentrations. 8. It is concluded that exposure of the myometrium to circulating and placentally-produced progesterone is responsible for the pregnancy-induced decrease in the effects of ANP on myometrial particulate guanylate cyclase activity and cyclic GMP concentrations and in turn on myometrial tension development. PMID:1974161

Loss of CDH1 and Pten accelerates cellular invasiveness and angiogenesis in the mouse uterus.

PubMed

Lindberg, Mallory E; Stodden, Genna R; King, Mandy L; MacLean, James A; Mann, Jordan L; DeMayo, Francesco J; Lydon, John P; Hayashi, Kanako

2013-07-01

E-cadherin (CDH1) is a cell adhesion molecule that coordinates key morphogenetic processes regulating cell growth, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Loss of CDH1 is a trademark of the cellular event epithelial to mesenchymal transition, which increases the metastatic potential of malignant cells. PTEN is a tumor-suppressor gene commonly mutated in many human cancers, including endometrial cancer. In the mouse uterus, ablation of Pten induces epithelial hyperplasia, leading to endometrial carcinomas. However, loss of Pten alone does not affect longevity until around 5 mo. Similarly, conditional ablation of Cdh1 alone does not predispose mice to cancer. In this study, we characterized the impact of dual Cdh1 and Pten ablation (Cdh1(d/d) Pten(d/d)) in the mouse uterus. We observed that Cdh1(d/d) Pten(d/d) mice died at Postnatal Days 15-19 with massive blood loss. Their uteri were abnormally structured with curly horns, disorganized epithelial structure, and increased cell proliferation. Co-immunostaining of KRT8 and ACTA2 showed invasion of epithelial cells into the myometrium. Further, the uteri of Cdh1(d/d) Pten(d/d) mice had prevalent vascularization in both the endometrium and myometrium. We also observed reduced expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, loss of cell adherens, and tight junction molecules (CTNNB1 and claudin), as well as activation of AKT in the uteri of Cdh1(d/d) Pten(d/d) mice. However, complex hyperplasia was not found in the uteri of Cdh1(d/d) Pten(d/d) mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that ablation of Pten with Cdh1 in the uterus accelerates cellular invasiveness and angiogenesis and causes early death.

Angiotensin peptides in the non-gravid uterus: Paracrine actions beyond circulation.

PubMed

Casalechi, Maíra; Dela Cruz, Cynthia; Lima, Luiza C; Maciel, Luciana P; Pereira, Virgínia M; Reis, Fernando M

2018-03-01

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) involves a complex network of precursors, peptides, enzymes and receptors comprising a systemic (endocrine) and a local (paracrine/autocrine) system. The local RAS plays important roles in tissue modulation and may operate independently of or in close interaction with the circulatory RAS, acting in a complementary fashion. Angiotensin (Ang) II, its receptor AT 1 and Ang-(1-7) expression in the endometrium vary with menstrual cycle, and stromal cell decidualization in vitro is accompanied by local synthesis of angiotensinogen and prorenin. Mas receptor is unlikely to undergo marked changes accompanying the cyclic ovarian steroid hormone fluctuations. Studies investigating the functional relevance of the RAS in the non-gravid uterus show a number of paracrine effects beyond circulation and suggest that RAS peptides may be involved in the pathophysiology of proliferative and fibrotic diseases. Endometrial cancer is associated with increased expression of Ang II, Ang-converting enzyme 1 and AT 1 in the tumoral tissue compared to neighboring non-neoplastic endometrium, and also with a gene polymorphism that enhances AT 1 signal. Ang II induces human endometrial cells to transdifferentiate into cells with myofibroblast phenotype and to synthetize extracellular matrix components that might contribute to endometrial fibrosis. Altogether, these findings point to a fully operating RAS within the uterus, but since many concepts rely on preliminary evidence further studies are needed to clarify the role of the local RAS in uterine physiology and pathophysiology. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Urologic surgical procedures in patients with uterus neoplasm and colon-rectal cancer].

PubMed

Marino, G; Laudi, M; Capussotti, L; Zola, P

2008-01-01

INTRODUCTION. During the last 30 years, the multidisciplinary treatments of colon and uterus neoplasm have yielded an increase in total survival rates, fostering therefore the increase of cases with regional relapse involving the urinary tract. In these cases the iterative surgery can be performed, if no disease secondary to pelvic pain, haemostatic or debulking procedure is present, and must be considered and discussed with the patient, according to his/her general status. MATERIALS AND METHODS. From 1997 to August 2007 we performed altogether 43 pelvic iterative surgeries, with simultaneous urologic surgical procedure because of pelvic tumor relapse in patients with uterus neoplasm and colon and rectal cancer. In 4 cases of anal cancer, the urological procedure were: one radical prostatectomy with continent vesicostomy in the first case, while in the other 3 cases radical pelvectomy with double-barrelled uretero-cutaneostomy. In 23 cases of colon cancer, the urologic procedures were: 9 cases of radical cystectomy with double-barrelled uretero-cutaneostomy, 4 cases of radical cystectomy with uretero-ileo-cutaneostomy according to Bricker- Wallace II procedure, and 9 cases of partial cystectomy with pelvic ureterectomy and ureterocystoneostomy according to Lich-Gregoire technique (7 cases) and Lembo-Boari (2 cases) procedure. In 16 cases of uterus cancer, the urological procedure were: 7 cases of partial cystectomy with pelvic ureterectomy and uretero-cystoneostomy according to Lich-Gregoire procedure; in 3 cases, a radical cystectomy with urinary continent cutaneous diversion according to the Ileal T-pouch procedure; 2 cases of total pelvectomy and double uretero-cutaneostomy, and 4 cases of bilateral uretero-cutaneostomy. RESULTS. No patients died in the perioperative time; early systemic complications were: 2 esophageal candidiasis, 1 case of venous thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS. The iterative pelvic surgery in the case of oncological relapse involving the urinary

Metabolomics Approach to Investigate Estrogen Receptor-Dependent and Independent Effects of o,p'-DDT in the Uterus and Brain of Immature Mice.

PubMed

Wang, Dezhen; Zhu, Wentao; Wang, Yao; Yan, Jin; Teng, Miaomiao; Miao, Jiyan; Zhou, Zhiqiang

2017-05-10

Previous studies have demonstrated the endocrine disruption of o,p'-DDT. In this study, we used a 1 H NMR based metabolomics approach to investigate the estrogenic effects of o,p'-DDT (300 mg/kg) on the uterus and brain after 3 days of oral gavage administration, and ethynylestradiol (EE, 100 μg/kg) was used as a positive control. A supervised statistical analysis (PLS-DA) indicated that o,p'-DDT exerted both estrogenic receptor-(ER)-dependent and independent effects on the uterus but mainly ER-independent effects on the brain at metabolome levels, which was verified by coexposing with the antiestrogenic ICI 182,780. Four changed metabolites-glycine, choline, fumarate, and phenylalanine-were identified as ER-independent alterations in the uterus, while more metabolites, including γ-aminobutyrate, N-acetyl aspartate, and some amino acids, were disturbed based on the ER-independent mechanism in the brain. Together with biological end points, metabolomics is a promising approach to study potential estrogenic chemicals.

Estradiol rapidly inhibits soluble guanylyl cyclase expression in rat uterus

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Krumenacker, J. S.; Hyder, S. M.; Murad, F.

2001-01-01

Previous reports that investigated the regulation of the NO/soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)/cGMP pathway by estrogenic compounds have focused primarily on the levels of NO, NO-producing enzymes, and cGMP in various tissues. In this study, we demonstrate that 17beta-estradiol (E2) regulates the alpha(1) and beta(1) subunits of the NO receptor, sGC, at the mRNA and protein levels in rat uterus. Using real-time quantitative PCR, we found that within 1 h of in vivo E2 administration to rats, sGC mRNA levels begin to diminish. After 3 h, there is a maximal diminution of sGC mRNA expression (sGC alpha(1) 10% and sGC beta(1) 33% of untreated). This effect was blocked by the estrogen receptor antagonist, ICI 182,780, indicating that estrogen receptor is required. The effect of E2 also was observed in vitro with incubations of uterine tissue, indicating that the response does not depend on the secondary release of other hormones or factors from other tissues. Puromycin did not block the effect, suggesting the effects occur because of preexisting factors in uterine tissues and do not require new protein synthesis. Using immunoblot analysis, we found that sGC protein levels also were reduced by E2 over a similar time course as the sGC mRNA. We conclude that sGC plays a vital role in the NO/sGC/cGMP regulatory pathway during conditions of elevated estrogen levels in the rat uterus as a result of the reduction of sGC expression.

Molecular characterization of insulin resistance and glycolytic metabolism in the rat uterus

PubMed Central

Zhang, Yuehui; Sun, Xue; Sun, Xiaoyan; Meng, Fanci; Hu, Min; Li, Xin; Li, Wei; Wu, Xiao-Ke; Brännström, Mats; Shao, Ruijin; Billig, Håkan

2016-01-01

Peripheral insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism are the primary features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, how insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism affect uterine function and contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS are open questions. We treated rats with insulin alone or in combination with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and showed that peripheral insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism alter uterine morphology, cell phenotype, and cell function, especially in glandular epithelial cells. These defects are associated with an aberration in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway that is used as an indicator for the onset of insulin resistance in classical metabolic tissues. Concomitantly, increased GSK3β (Ser-9) phosphorylation and decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in rats treated with insulin and hCG were also observed. We also profiled the expression of glucose transporter (Glut) isoform genes in the uterus under conditions of insulin resistance and/or hyperandrogenism. Finally, we determined the expression pattern of glycolytic enzymes and intermediates during insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in the uterus. These findings suggest that the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways play a role in the onset of uterine insulin resistance, and they also suggest that changes in specific Glut isoform expression and alterations to glycolytic metabolism contribute to the endometrial dysfunction observed in PCOS patients. PMID:27461373

Estrogen-induced transcription factor EGR1 regulates c-Kit transcription in the mouse uterus to maintain uterine receptivity for embryo implantation.

PubMed

Park, Mira; Kim, Hye-Ryun; Kim, Yeon Sun; Yang, Seung Chel; Yoon, Jung Ah; Lyu, Sang Woo; Lim, Hyunjung Jade; Hong, Seok-Ho; Song, Haengseok

2018-07-15

Early growth response 1 (Egr1) is a key transcription factor that mediates the action of estrogen (E 2 ) to establish uterine receptivity for embryo implantation. However, few direct target genes of EGR1 have been identified in the uterus. Here, we demonstrated that E 2 induced EGR1-regulated transcription of c-Kit, which plays a crucial role in cell fate decisions. Spatiotemporal expression of c-Kit followed that of EGR1 in uteri of ovariectomized mice at various time points after E 2 treatment. E 2 activated ERK1/2 and p38 to induce EGR1, which then activated c-Kit expression in the uterus. EGR1 transfection produced rapid and transient induction of c-KIT in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, luciferase assays to measure c-Kit promoter activity confirmed that a functional EGR1 binding site(s) (EBS) was located within -1 kb of the c-Kit promoter. Site-directed mutagenesis and chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR for three putative EBS within -1 kb demonstrated that the EBS at -818/-805 was critical for EGR1-dependent c-Kit transcription. c-Kit expression was significantly increased in the uterus on day 4 and administration of Masitinib, a c-Kit inhibitor, effectively interfered with embryo implantation. Collectively, our results showed that estrogen induces transcription factor EGR1 to regulate c-Kit transcription for uterine receptivity for embryo implantation in the mouse uterus. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sequential changes in the expression of Wnt- and Notch-related genes in the vagina and uterus of ovariectomized mice after estrogen exposure.

PubMed

Nakamura, Takeshi; Miyagawa, Shinichi; Katsu, Yoshinao; Sato, Tomomi; Iguchi, Taisen; Ohta, Yasuhiko

2012-01-01

Estrogen regulates morphological changes in reproductive organs, such as the vagina and uterus, during the estrous cycles in mice. Estrogen depletion by ovariectomy in adults results in atrophy accompanied by apoptosis in vaginal and uterine cells, while estrogen treatment following ovariectomy elicits cell proliferation in both organs. Sequential changes in mRNA expression of wingless-related MMTV integration site (Wnt) and Notch signaling genes were analyzed in the vagina and uterus of ovariectomized adult mice after a single injection of 17β-estradiol to provide understanding over the molecular basis of differences in response to estrogen in these organs. We found estrogen-dependent up-regulation of Wnt4, Wnt5a and p21 and down-regulation of Wnt11, hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif-1 (Hey1) and delta-like 4 (Dll4) in the vagina, and up-regulation of Wnt4, Wnt5a, Hey1, Heyl, Dll1, p21 and p53 and down-regulation of Wnt11, Hey2 and Dll4 in the uterus. The expression of Wnt4, Hey1, Hey2, Heyl, Dll1 and p53 showed different patterns after the estrogen injection. Expression patterns for Wnt5a, Wnt11, Dll4 and p21 in the vagina and uterus were similar, suggesting that these genes are involved in the proliferation of cells in both those organs in mice.

Muscle Segment Homeobox Genes Direct Embryonic Diapause by Limiting Inflammation in the Uterus.

PubMed

Cha, Jeeyeon; Burnum-Johnson, Kristin E; Bartos, Amanda; Li, Yingju; Baker, Erin S; Tilton, Susan C; Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M; Piehowski, Paul D; Monroe, Matthew E; Jegga, Anil G; Murata, Shigeo; Hirota, Yasushi; Dey, Sudhansu K

2015-06-12

Embryonic diapause is a reproductive strategy widespread in the animal kingdom. This phenomenon is defined by a temporary arrest in blastocyst growth and metabolic activity within a quiescent uterus without implantation until the environmental and maternal milieu become favorable for pregnancy to progress. We found that uterine Msx expression persists during diapause across species; their inactivation in the mouse uterus results in termination of diapause with the development of implantation-like responses ("pseudoimplantation") that ultimately succumbed to resorption. To understand the cause of this failure, we compared proteome profiles between floxed and Msx-deleted uteri. In deleted uteri, several functional networks, including transcription/translation, ubiquitin-proteasome, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, were dysregulated. Computational modeling predicted intersection of these pathways on an enhanced inflammatory signature. Further studies showed that this signature was reflected in increased phosphorylated IκB levels and nuclear NFκB in deleted uteri. This was associated with enhanced proteasome activity and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Interestingly, treatment with anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) reduced the inflammatory signature with improvement of the diapause phenotype. These findings highlight an unexpected role of uterine Msx in limiting aberrant inflammatory responses to maintain embryonic diapause. © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Changes in lymphocyte accumulation and proliferation in the lymph nodes draining the pregnant uterus.

PubMed Central

Ansell, J D; McDougall, C M; Speedy, G; Inchley, C J

1978-01-01

Changes in weight, lymphocyte accumulation and cellular proliferation have been measured in the lymph nodes draining the uterus during inter- and intra-strain pregnancies and compared with similar effects after other antigenic stimuli. From the data obtained it was concluded that "paternal" antigenic stimulation from the conceptus initiated an immune response in these nodes. The mechanisms of the subsequent suppression of this response are discussed. PMID:657586

Daidzein–Estrogen Interaction in the Rat Uterus and Its Effect on Human Breast Cancer Cell Growth

PubMed Central

Gaete, Leonardo; Bustamante, Rodrigo; Villena, Joan; Lemus, Igor; Gidekel, Manuel; Cabrera, Gustavo; Astorga, Paola

2012-01-01

Abstract Sex hormone replacement therapy provides several advantages in the quality of life for climacteric women. However, estrogen-induced cell proliferation in the uterus and mammary gland increases the risk of cancer development in these organs. The lower incidence of mammary cancer in Asian women as compared with Western women has been attributed to high intake of soy isoflavones, including genistein. We have previously shown that genistein induces an estradiol-like hypertrophy of uterine cells, but does not induce cell proliferation, uterine eosinophilia, or endometrial edema. It also inhibits estradiol-induced mitosis in uterine cells and hormone-induced uterine eosinophilia and endometrial edema. Nevertheless, genistein stimulates growth of human breast cancer cells in culture; therefore, it is not an ideal estrogen for use in hormone replacement therapy (HRD). The present study investigated the effect of another soy isoflavone, daidzein (subcutaneous, 0.066 mg/kg body weight), in the same animal model, and its effect on responses induced by subsequent treatment (1 h later) with estradiol-17β (E2; subcutaneous, 0.33 mg/kg body weight). In addition, we investigated the effects of daidzein (1 μg/mL) or E2 on the growth of human breast cancer cells in culture. Results indicate that daidzein stimulates growth of breast cancer cells and potentiates estrogen-induced cell proliferation in the uterus. We suggest caution for the use of daidzein or formulas containing this compound in HRD. Future research strategies should be addressed in the search for new phytoestrogens that selectively inhibit cell proliferation in the uterus and breast. PMID:23216111

Loss of Cdh1 and Pten Accelerates Cellular Invasiveness and Angiogenesis in the Mouse Uterus1

PubMed Central

Lindberg, Mallory E.; Stodden, Genna R.; King, Mandy L.; MacLean, James A.; Mann, Jordan L.; DeMayo, Francesco J.; Lydon, John P.; Hayashi, Kanako

2013-01-01

ABSTRACT E-cadherin (CDH1) is a cell adhesion molecule that coordinates key morphogenetic processes regulating cell growth, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Loss of CDH1 is a trademark of the cellular event epithelial to mesenchymal transition, which increases the metastatic potential of malignant cells. PTEN is a tumor-suppressor gene commonly mutated in many human cancers, including endometrial cancer. In the mouse uterus, ablation of Pten induces epithelial hyperplasia, leading to endometrial carcinomas. However, loss of Pten alone does not affect longevity until around 5 mo. Similarly, conditional ablation of Cdh1 alone does not predispose mice to cancer. In this study, we characterized the impact of dual Cdh1 and Pten ablation (Cdh1d/d Ptend/d) in the mouse uterus. We observed that Cdh1d/d Ptend/d mice died at Postnatal Days 15–19 with massive blood loss. Their uteri were abnormally structured with curly horns, disorganized epithelial structure, and increased cell proliferation. Co-immunostaining of KRT8 and ACTA2 showed invasion of epithelial cells into the myometrium. Further, the uteri of Cdh1d/d Ptend/d mice had prevalent vascularization in both the endometrium and myometrium. We also observed reduced expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, loss of cell adherens, and tight junction molecules (CTNNB1 and claudin), as well as activation of AKT in the uteri of Cdh1d/d Ptend/d mice. However, complex hyperplasia was not found in the uteri of Cdh1d/d Ptend/d mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that ablation of Pten with Cdh1 in the uterus accelerates cellular invasiveness and angiogenesis and causes early death. PMID:23740945

Unilateral renal agenesis with subseptate uterus and sacrococcygeal teratoma: A unique triad

PubMed Central

Ahmed, Muhammad S; Imtiaz, Sheeza; Pathan, Hina; Usman, Rahila

2017-01-01

Unilateral renal agenesis (URA) is a rare condition with a reported incidence of 0.93–1.8 per 1000 autopsies. It is commonly diagnosed as an incidental finding on imaging. URA is frequently associated with other genitourinary anomalies. Different associations have been described in both males and females, however, to our knowledge, it has not been reported with subseptate uterus (SSU) and sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) in the same individual. Here, we present a unique case of URA with SSU and SCT. PMID:29089677

Identification of myoelectric signals of pregnant rat uterus: new method to detect myometrial contraction

PubMed Central

Szűcs, Kálmán F.; Grosz, György; Süle, Miklós; Nagy, Anikó; Tiszai, Zita; Samavati, Reza; Gáspár, Róbert

2017-01-01

Aim To develop an electromyography method for pregnant rat uterus in vivo and to separate myometrial signals from the gastrointestinal tract signals. Methods Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8) were anaesthetized and their stomach, small intestine, and large intestine were removed from the abdomen. A pair of thread electrodes was inserted into the uterus, while a pair of disk electrodes was placed subcutaneously above the myometrium. Additionally, a strain gauge sensor was fixed on the surface of the myometrium and cecum for the parallel detection of mechanical contractions in rats (n = 18) with intact gastrointestinal tract. The filtered electric signals were amplified and recorded by an online computer system and analyzed by fast Fourier transformation. The frequency of the electric activity was characterized by cycle per minute (cpm), the magnitude of the activity was described as power spectrum density maximum (PsDmax). Results The frequency of the pregnant uterine activity was 1-3 cpm, which falls within the same range as that of cecum. Measuring by both electrodes, oxytocin (1 µg/kg) increased and terbutaline (50 µg/kg) decreased the PsDmax by 25%-50% (P < 0.001) and 25%-40% (P < 0.01), respectively. We found a strong positive correlation between the alterations of PsDmax values and the strain gauge sensor-detected mechanical contractions (area under curve). The GI specific compounds (neostigmine, atropine) mainly affected the cecal activity, while myometrium specific drugs (oxytocin, terbutaline) influenced the myometrial signals only. Conclusion Our method proved to be able to detect the myoelectric activity that reflects the mechanical contraction. The overlapping myometrial and cecal signals are not separable, but they can be distinguished based on the much higher activity and different pharmacological reactivity of the pregnant uterus. Thus, the early signs of contractions can be detected and labor may be predicted in a fast and

Hypoplastic uterus and clitoris enlargement in Swyer syndrome.

PubMed

Hétu, Valérie; Caron, Evelyne; Francoeur, Diane

2010-02-01

Swyer syndrome is associated with absent testicular differentiation in a 46XY phenotypic female. A 17-year-old female presented with primary amenorrhea and 46XY karyotype. Breast and pubic hair development were Tanner 2, and clitoral enlargement was noted. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a hypoplastic uterus and 2 "normal ovaries." Serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were elevated. Testosterone and androstenedione were in the female range. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was slightly elevated. Laparoscopic bilateral gonadectomy was performed. Pathology reports showed bilateral microscopic benign hilar cell tumors. The diagnosis was a real puzzle for the clinicians because of the association of clitoral hypertrophy without hirsutism, female internal genitalia, and a 46XY karyotype. Clitoral enlargement can be explained by transient androgen secretion by the hilar cells found in the resected gonads. Copyright 2010 North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Influence of position and length of uterus on implantation and clinical pregnancy rates in IVF and embryo transfer treatment cycles.

PubMed

Egbase, P E; Al-Sharhan, M; Grudzinskas, J G

2000-09-01

In a prospective study of 807 consecutive women shown to have an apparently normal uterus after hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy or pelvic ultrasonography prior to IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and embryo transfer, the position and length of the uterine cavity was measured routinely at a pre-treatment mock transfer procedure. The apparent length of the uterine cavity was <7 cm in 128 women (group 1), 7-9 cm in 594 women (group 2) and >9 cm in 85 women (group 3). The uterus was noted to be retroverted in 38. 2% (308) women. The embryo transfer catheter was advanced to 5 mm from the uterine fundus based on the previously determined cavity length in all the embryo transfer procedures at 48 h after oocyte collection. Implantation and clinical pregnancy rates were not significantly different with respect to position of the uterus, difficulties encountered in passage of the catheter, mean age of the women, aetiology or duration of infertility or embryology events. An apparently greater cavity length was seen in older and/or parous women, but the difference was not statistically significant. Although the highest implantation and clinical pregnancy rates were seen in women with a cavity length of 7-9 cm (group 2) the differences were not statistically significant: group 1, 18.9 and 36. 7%; group 2, 21.0 and 46.5%; and group 3, 17.3 and 32.9% respectively. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy per reported clinical pregnancy was highest in group 1 women, being 14.9% (7/47) in comparison with group 2 (1.8%, 5/276) and group 3 (0%, 0/27) (P: < 0.0005), suggesting that the size of the uterus is a critical factor in the aetiology of ectopic pregnancy in IVF/ICSI-embryo transfer.

Subclinical Pregnancy Toxemia-Induced Gene Expression Changes in Ovine Placenta and Uterus

PubMed Central

Kasimanickam, Ramanathan K.

2016-01-01

The objective was to elucidate gene expression differences in uterus, caruncle, and cotyledon of ewes with subclinical pregnancy toxemia (SCPT) and healthy ewes, and to identify associated biological functions and pathways involved in pregnancy toxemia. On Day 136 (±1 day) post-breeding, ewes (n = 18) had body condition score (BCS; 1–5; 1, emaciated; 5, obese) assessed, and blood samples were collected for plasma glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) analyses. The ewes were euthanized, and tissue samples were collected from the gravid uterus and placentomes. Based on BCS (2.0 ± 0.02), glucose (2.4 ± 0.33), and BHBA (0.97 ± 0.06) concentrations, ewes (n = 10) were grouped as healthy (n = 5) and subclinical SCPT (n = 5) ewes. The mRNA expressions were determined by quantitative PCR method, and prediction of miRNA partners and target genes for the predicted miRNA were identified using miRDB (http://mirdb.org/miRDB/). Top ranked target genes were used to identify associated biological functions and pathways in response to SPCT using PANTHER. The angiogenesis genes VEGF and PlGF, and AdipoQ, AdipoR2, PPARG, LEP, IGF1, IGF2, IL1b, and TNFα mRNA expressions were lower in abundances, whereas hypoxia genes eNOS, HIF1a, and HIF 2a, and sFlt1 and KDR mRNA expressions were greater in abundances in uterus and placenta of SCPT ewes compared to healthy ewes (P < 0.05). The predicted miRNA and associated target genes contributed to several biological processes, including apoptosis, biological adhesion, biological regulation, cellular component biogenesis, cellular process, developmental process, immune system process, localization, metabolic process, multicellular organismal process, reproduction, and response to stimulus. The target genes were involved in several pathways including angiogenesis, cytoskeletal regulation, hypoxia response via HIF activation, interleukin signaling, ubiquitin proteasome, and VEGF signaling pathway. In

The Dose-response of Intrathecal Ropivacaine Co-administered with Sufentanil for Cesarean Delivery under Combined Spinal-epidural Anesthesia in Patients with Scarred Uterus

PubMed Central

Xiao, Fei; Xu, Wen-Ping; Zhang, Yin-Fa; Liu, Lin; Liu, Xia; Wang, Li-Zhong

2015-01-01

Background: Spinal anesthesia is considered as a reasonable anesthetic option in lower abdominal and lower limb surgery. This study was to determine the dose-response of intrathecal ropivacaine in patients with scarred uterus undergoing cesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. Methods: Seventy-five patients with scarred uterus undergoing elective cesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were enrolled in this randomized, double-blinded, dose-ranging study. Patients received 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 mg intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine with 5 μg sufentanil. Successful spinal anesthesia was defined as a T4 sensory level achieved with no need for epidural supplementation. The 50% effective dose (ED50) and 95% effective dose (ED95) were calculated with a logistic regression model. Results: ED50 and ED95 of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine for patients with scarred uterus undergoing cesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) were 8.28 mg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.28–9.83 mg) and 12.24 mg (95% CI: 10.53–21.88 mg), respectively. Conclusion: When a CSEA technique is to use in patients with scarred uterus for an elective cesarean delivery, the ED50 and ED95 of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine along with 5 μg sufentanil were 8.28 mg and 12.24 mg, respectively. In addition, this local anesthetic is unsuitable for emergent cesarean delivery, but it has advantages for ambulatory patients. PMID:26415793

Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor of the Uterus with Ovarian Involvement: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

PubMed Central

Fitzpatrick, Megan; Pulver, Tanya; Klein, Molly; Murugan, Paari; Khalifa, Mahmoud; Amin, Khalid

2016-01-01

Patient: Female, 61 Final Diagnosis: Uterine PEComa with ovarian involvement Symptoms: Palpable abdominal mass Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy Specialty: Obstetrics and Gynecology Objective: Rare disease Background: Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are a rare group of neoplasms composed of epithelioid cells that express both melanocytic and myoid markers. When considering PEComas of the female genital tract, the uterus is the most common location. Involvement of the ovary in the context of a primary uterine PEComa, in the absence of systemic disease associated with tuberous sclerosis, however, has only been reported in 1 previous case. Case Report: We report a case of a PEComa of the uterus with metastasis to the left ovary in a 61-year-old Caucasian woman. Gross examination of the uterus revealed a 10.7×10.5×10.2 cm tan-brown, mostly solid, partially cystic mass. Microscopic examination showed epithelioid cells with clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm, arranged in fascicles. Intranuclear pseudoinclusions were also noted. The tumor cells were smooth muscle actin, caldesmon, and desmin positive (diffuse); HMB-45 positive (focal); and Melan-A, AE1/AE3, CD10, and S100 negative by immunohistochemistry. Conclusions: Distinguishing among mesenchymal neoplasms, including PEComas, endometrial stromal sarcomas, and leiomyosarcomas, can be difficult. Careful analysis of morphologic and immunohistochemical features is of the utmost importance. Differential diagnosis, including morphologic features and immunohistochemical patterns, is also discussed. PMID:27150246

Artemisinin induces hormonal imbalance and oxidative damage in the erythrocytes and uterus but not in the ovary of rats.

PubMed

Farombi, E O; Abolaji, A O; Adedara, I A; Maduako, I; Omodanisi, I

2015-01-01

Artemisinin is an antimalarial drug previously reported to induce neurotoxicity and embryotoxicity in animal models. This study investigated the erythrocytes and reproductive toxicity potentials of artemisinin in female rats. Animals were randomly divided into four study groups of eight rats each. The control group (group I) received corn oil, the vehicle, while groups II-IV were orally exposed to 7, 35 and 70 mg kg(-1) day(-1) of artemisinin, respectively, by gastric intubation for 7 consecutive days. Subsequently, we evaluated the impact of artemisinin on the endocrine environment and selected markers of oxidative damage and antioxidant status of the erythrocytes, ovary and uterus. Artemisinin significantly increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in erythrocytes and uterus of rats compared with control group (p < 0.05). However, artemisinin did not alter ovarian MDA, H2O2, glutathione levels and catalase activity, while ovarian and uterine histological assessment revealed absence of visible lesions. Moreover, artemisinin significantly decreased follicle-stimulating hormone and increased progesterone levels compared with control (p < 0.05). Thus, these data suggest that in the absence of malarial parasite infection, artemisinin induced hormonal imbalance and oxidative damage in the erythrocytes and uterus but spared the ovary of rats. © The Author(s) 2014.

Evaluation of cryogenine on rat paw thermal oedema and rat isolated uterus

PubMed Central

Malone, M. H.; Trottier, R. W.

1973-01-01

1. Significant inhibition of oedema formation caused by thermal injury was observed for calcium carbaspirin, phenylbutazone, hydrocortisone, cryogenine and indomethacin when given daily beginning 2 days prior to thermal exposure and afterwards. Several anti-inflammatory drugs, including cryogenine, failed to reduce thermal oedema significantly when given as single doses 1 h prior to the thermal injury. 2. Kinetic experiments on the rat isolated uterus demonstrated that cryogenine, chlorpromazine, and flufenamic acid were, in part, competitive inhibitors of synthetic bradykinin, while indomethacin and tetrabenazine showed only non-competitive antagonism. PMID:4733728

Hysteroscopic enlargement metroplasty for T-shaped uterus: 24 years' experience at the Strasbourg Medico-Surgical and Obstetrical Centre (CMCO).

PubMed

Ducellier-Azzola, G; Lecointre, L; Hummel, M; Pontvianne, M; Garbin, O

2018-05-12

What is the impact of hysteroscopic enlargement metroplasty for T-shaped uterus on the live birth rate? Performing enlargement metroplasty appears to improve the obstetrical prognosis and fertility in patients with a T-shaped uterus. T-shaped uterus is linked to an excess of myometrium in the uterine walls giving rise to a subcornual constriction ring which causes dysmorphism and hypoplasia of the uterine cavity. It is commonly associated with infertility or a sequence of repeated miscarriages. Single-centre observational cohort study in 112 patients who underwent enlargement metroplasty for T-shaped uterus between 1992 and 2016 in a Strasbourg university hospital centre. The mean age of patients was 33.2; they had been attempting to conceive on average for 56 months for subfertile patients and 42.2 months for infertile patients. Prior to surgery, patients had succeeded in becoming pregnant 161 times, i.e. a mean gravidity of 1.4 pregnancies. For subfertile patients the mean gravidity was 2.67. Mean parity was 0.04. In the overall population, one hundred pregnancies occurred following enlargement metroplasty. The live birth rate increased in a statistically significant manner following enlargement metroplasty: 4 (2.5%) vs. 60 (60%), p < 0.05. In parallel, the miscarriage rate was statistically reduced: 126 (78.3%) vs. 22 (22%), pnull< .05. Intraoperative complications were 1 case of cervical laceration (0.9%) and 1 case of false passage (0.9%). Subsequent pregnancies remained at risk of miscarriage (22%) and premature delivery (20%) but not extra uterine gestation. Delivery took place by Caesarean section in 61% of cases. In the subgroup of infertile patients, the live birth rate was also markedly increased and 49% of pregnancies which occurred were spontaneous. This study was descriptive and retrospective. These results are consistent with those in the literature. Hysteroscopic enlargement metroplasty is now a well-established technique with few

Estrogen receptor modulatory effects of germinated brown rice bioactives in the uterus of rats through the regulation of estrogen-induced genes

PubMed Central

Muhammad, Sani Ismaila; Maznah, Ismail; Mahmud, Rozi Bint; Saeed, Mohammed Ibrahim; Imam, Mustapha Umar; Ishaka, Aminu

2013-01-01

Purpose The expression of genes regulated by estrogen in the uterus was studied in ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with germinated brown rice (GBR) bioactives, and compared to Remifemin or estrogen at different doses to identify the regulation of these genes in the uterus and their molecular mechanisms. Methods Rats were treated orally with GBR bioactives (phenolics), acylated steryl glucosides (ASG), γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), and γ-oryzanol (ORZ) at 100 and 200 mg/kg, Remifemin (REM) at 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, or estrogen (EST) at 0.2 mg/kg. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from the uterus, and messenger (m)RNA expression of selected genes encoding estrogen receptor-beta (ER-β), calcium-binding protein (CaBP9k), complement protein (C3), heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70), and interleukin (IL)-4 receptor were quantified. Similarly, serum steroid hormone concentration was monitored at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after treatments. ER-β antibody binding to the uterus sections was also studied using immunohistochemistry. Results The group treated with EST (0.2 mg/kg) upregulated ER-β, C3, and IL-4 receptor genes compared to other groups (P<0.001). GBR phenolics (200 mg/kg) treatment upregulated the ER-β gene almost to the level of the sham non-treated group. The CaBP9k gene showed upregulation in groups treated with ASG (200 mg/kg), EST (0.2 mg/kg), and ORZ (200 mg/kg) (P<0.05). Estrogen levels increased in groups treated with EST, ASG, and ORZ (200 mg/kg) compared to the OVX untreated group (P<0.05), and there was a slight non-significant decrease (P>0.05) in the progesterone levels in the OVX untreated group compared to the sham and other treated groups. There was a significant increase at 8 weeks in the level of FSH (P<0.05) in the treated groups compared to the OVX untreated group. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) between the OVX untreated group and other groups. The sham and GBR phenolics treated group showed ER

Uterus transplantation: From animal models through the first heart beating pregnancy to the first human live birth

PubMed Central

Ozkan, Omer; Dogan, Nasuh Utku; Ozkan, Ozlenen; Mendilcioglu, Inanc; Dogan, Selen; Aydinuraz, Batu; Simsek, Mehmet

2016-01-01

Absolute uterine factor infertility affects 3–5% of the general population, and unfortunately this condition is untreatable. There are some available options, including surrogacy or adoption, but neither of these suits each and every woman who desires to have her own genetic child. With recent advances in surgery and transplant immunology, uterus transplantation may be a source of hope for these women with uterine infertility. In the last decade, a number of animal species including rats, mice, rabbits, pigs, sheep, and primates have been used as experimental models, and pregnancies were achieved in some of these. Human data consist of 11 subjects yielding positive pregnancy results with no live births in the second trial from Turkey and, more fortunately, live births from the latest trial from Sweden. In the light of all these studies, uterus transplantation has been proven to be a viable option for women with uterine factor infertility. PMID:27638900

Comparison of measurements of the uterus and cervix obtained by magnetic resonance and transabdominal ultrasound imaging to identify the brachytherapy target in patients with cervix cancer.

PubMed

van Dyk, Sylvia; Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan, Srinivas; Schneider, Michal; Bernshaw, David; Narayan, Kailash

2014-03-15

To compare measurements of the uterus and cervix obtained with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transabdominal ultrasound to determine whether ultrasound can identify the brachytherapy target and be used to guide conformal brachytherapy planning and treatment for cervix cancer. Consecutive patients undergoing curative treatment with radiation therapy between January 2007 and March 2012 were included in the study. Intrauterine applicators were inserted into the uterine canal while patients were anesthetized. Images were obtained by MRI and transabdominal ultrasound in the longitudinal axis of the uterus with the applicator in treatment position. Measurements were taken at the anterior and posterior surface of the uterus at 2.0-cm intervals along the applicator, from the external os to the tip of the applicator. Data were analyzed using Bland Altman plots examining bias and 95% limits of agreement. A total of 192 patients contributed 1668 measurements of the cervix and uterus. Mean (± SD) differences of measurements between imaging modalities at the anterior and posterior uterine surface ranged from 1.5 (± 3.353) mm to 3.7 (± 3.856) mm, and -1.46 (± 3.308) mm to 0.47 (± 3.502) mm, respectively. The mean differences were less than 3 mm in the cervix. The mean differences were less than 1.5 mm at all measurement points on the posterior surface. Differences in the measurements of the cervix and uterus obtained by MRI and ultrasound were within clinically acceptable limits. Transabdominal ultrasound can be substituted for MRI in defining the target volume for conformal brachytherapy treatment of cervix cancer. Crown Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

CT and MR imaging findings of lymphangioleiomyomatosis involving the uterus and pelvic cavity.

PubMed

Kim, You Sung; Rha, Sung Eun; Byun, Jae Young; Lee, Ahwon; Park, Jong Sup

2011-01-01

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare idiopathic disease and this is characterized by a proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle cells in the lungs and in the lymphatic system of the thorax and retroperitoneum. The female genital tract is rarely affected by LAM. We report here on the CT and MR imaging findings of extensive LAM involving the uterus and pelvic cavity, and this was seen as multiple cystic uterine and parauterine masses with internal hemorrhage in a young female with tuberous sclerosis complex.

Planar cell polarity signaling in the uterus directs appropriate positioning of the crypt for embryo implantation

PubMed Central

Yuan, Jia; Cha, Jeeyeon; Deng, Wenbo; Bartos, Amanda; Sun, Xiaofei; Ho, Hsin-Yi Henry; Borg, Jean-Paul; Yamaguchi, Terry P.; Yang, Yingzi; Dey, Sudhansu K.

2016-01-01

Blastocyst implantation is a complex process requiring coordination of a dynamic sequence of embryo–uterine interactions. Blood vessels enter the uterus from the mesometrium, demarcating the uterus into mesometrial (M) and antimesometrial (AM) domains. Implantation occurs along the uterine longitudinal axis within specialized implantation chambers (crypts) that originate within the evaginations directed from the primary lumen toward the AM domain. The morphological orientation of crypts in rodent uteri was recognized more than a century ago, but the mechanism remained unknown. Here we provide evidence that planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling orchestrates directed epithelial evaginations to form crypts for implantation in mice. Uterine deletion of Vang-like protein 2, but not Vang-like protein 1, conferred aberrant PCP signaling, misdirected epithelial evaginations, defective crypt formation, and blastocyst attachment, leading to severely compromised pregnancy outcomes. The study reveals a previously unrecognized role for PCP in executing spatial cues for crypt formation and implantation. Because PCP is an evolutionarily conserved phenomenon, our study is likely to inspire implantation studies of this signaling pathway in humans and other species. PMID:27911818

Isoflavone genistein inhibits estrogen-induced chloride and bicarbonate secretory mechanisms in the uterus in rats.

PubMed

Chinigarzadeh, Asma; Karim, Kamarulzaman; Muniandy, Sekaran; Salleh, Naguib

2017-04-01

We hypothesized that genistein could affect the chloride (Cl - ) and bicarbonate (HCO 3 - ) secretory mechanisms in uterus. Ovariectomized female rats were given estradiol or estradiol plus progesterone with 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day genistein. Following completion of the treatment, uterine fluid Cl - and HCO 3 - concentrations were determined by in vivo uterine perfusion. Uteri were subjected for molecular biological analysis (Western blot, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry) to detect levels of expression of Cystic Fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), Cl - /HCO 3 - exchanger (SLC26a6), Na + /HCO 3 - cotransporter (SLC4a4), and estrogen receptor (ER)-α and β. Coadministration of genistein resulted in decrease in Cl - and HCO 3 - concentrations and expression of CFTR, SLC26a6, SLC4a4, and ER-α and ER-β in the uteri of estradiol-treated rats. In estradiol plus progesterone-treated rats, a significant increase in the above parameters were observed following high-dose genistein treatment except for the SLC24a4 level. In conclusion, genistein-induced changes in the uterus could affect the reproductive processes that might result in infertility. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

[Rupture of non-communicating rudimentary pregnant uterine horn in a pseudo-unicornuate uterus at 23 weeks of amenorrhea. Case report].

PubMed

Fuchs, F; Guillot, E; Cordier, A-G; Chis, C; Raynal, P; Panel, P

2008-04-01

Pregnancy in the rudimentary horn of a unicornuate uterus is an extremely rare form of ectopic gestation associated with a high risk of uterine rupture. We report the case of a pregnancy developed in a non communicating rudimentary horn of a unicornuate uterus complicated by horn rupture at 23 weeks of amenorrhea showing as an acute abdominal pain and massive hemoperitoneum. This patient's uterine abnormality was known before, as this woman has delivered two years before at term a healthy boy by cesarean section. This past pregnancy was located in the normal horn and the non communicating rudimentary horn seemed at this time normal. This uterine malformation is presented with its gynecological and obstetrical entailments as well as methods that could prevent such outcome.

Uterus segmentation in dynamic MRI using LBP texture descriptors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Namias, R.; Bellemare, M.-E.; Rahim, M.; Pirró, N.

2014-03-01

Pelvic floor disorders cover pathologies of which physiopathology is not well understood. However cases get prevalent with an ageing population. Within the context of a project aiming at modelization of the dynamics of pelvic organs, we have developed an efficient segmentation process. It aims at alleviating the radiologist with a tedious one by one image analysis. From a first contour delineating the uterus-vagina set, the organ border is tracked along a dynamic mri sequence. The process combines movement prediction, local intensity and texture analysis and active contour geometry control. Movement prediction allows a contour intitialization for next image in the sequence. Intensity analysis provides image-based local contour detection enhanced by local binary pattern (lbp) texture descriptors. Geometry control prohibits self intersections and smoothes the contour. Results show the efficiency of the method with images produced in clinical routine.

Transplant of insulin-like growth factor-1 expressing bone marrow stem cells improves functional regeneration of injured rat uterus by NF-κB pathway.

PubMed

Wang, Lei; Yang, Mengnan; Jin, Minfei; Wu, Yuelin; Zheng, Tao; Gu, Shengyi; Hua, Xiaolin

2018-05-01

To investigate the potential beneficial effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in BMSC transplantation therapy of uterus injury and the underlying molecular mechanisms, rat BMSCs were isolated and cultured. The relative expressions of IGF-1 and IL-10 were determined by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. The secretory IL-10 and released E2 were measured using ELISA kits. The relative vWF and α-SMA expressions were determined by immunohistochemistry. The direct binding of NF-κB subunit p50 with IL-10 promoter was analysed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. The regulation of IL-10 expression by p50 was interrogated by luciferase reporter assay. Our data demonstrated that IGF-1 expression in BMSCs induced IL-10 expression and secretion, which was further enhanced by E2-PLGA. IGF-1 overexpression improved BMSCs transplantation therapy in rat uterus injury. We further demonstrated that both inhibition and knockdown of p50 abolished IGF-1-induced expression and secretion of IL-10 in BMSCs, which consequently compromised the IGF-1 conferred therapeutic benefits against uterus injury. Furthermore, we elucidated that p50 regulated IL-10 expression via direct association with its promoter. Our data suggested that transplantation of IGF-1 overexpressing BMSCs improved functional regeneration of injured uterus by inducing IL-10 expression and secretion via activation of NF-κB signalling. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine.

[Rupture during pregnancy of the rudimentary horn of a pseudo-unicorn uterus. Apropos of a case].

PubMed

Aubard, Y; Moinet, A; Eyraud, J P; Amat, P; Renaudie, J; Baudet, J H

1986-09-20

The rupture of the rudimentary horn of a pseudo-unicorn uterus is a rare accident. The case reported here is very similar to most of those published. It is usually during the fifth month of a pregnancy, normal until then, that a state of shock appear suddenly, requiring a surgical procedure and disclosing this exceptional diagnosis.

Development of a 2-dof uterine manipulator with LED illumination system as a new transvaginal uterus amputation device for gynecological surgeries.

PubMed

Dikici, Serkan; Aldemir Dikici, Betül; Eser, Hakan; Gezgin, Erkin; Başer, Özgün; Şahin, Savaş; Yılmaz, Bülent; Oflaz, Hakan

2018-06-01

Hysterectomy, the most common major gynecological operation worldwide, consists of removal of the uterus and can be performed abdominally, vaginally, or laparoscopically. A uterine manipulator is a key device used for uterine manipulation and cannulation in hysterectomies. The challenges of conventional manipulators are to move the uterus in two distinct planes and to identify cervical landmarks during circular cut and coagulation. In this study, a structural synthesis of the two degrees of freedom parallel manipulator was performed considering the constraints noted by surgeons. Computer-aided design and assembly of the manipulator, the cervicovaginal cap with LEDs, and the external parts were performed before rapid prototyping. The final design of the uterine manipulator was then manufactured from stainless steel and tested on an artificial uterus model using a test chamber. This article presents the design, production and testing processes of an innovative manipulator with a motion capability up to 80° workspace both in the sagittal and coronal planes and an illumination system, easily detectable by the laparoscope, was successfully implemented on the manipulator's cervical cap in order to overcome the drawbacks of conventional uterine manipulators. Despite all the current studies and uterine manipulators on the market, no research has incorporated all the features mentioned above.

Reproductive outcome after hysteroscopic septoplasty in patients with septate uterus - a retrospective cohort study and systematic review of the literature

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Septate uterus, one of the most common forms of congenital uterine malformations, negatively affects female reproductive health. Methods In a retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the reproductive outcome after hysteroscopic septoplasty in 64 women with septate uterus and primary or secondary infertility. We performed a systematic review of studies evaluating the reproductive outcome after hysteroscopic septoplasty. Results Sixty-four women underwent hysteroscopic septoplasty. In 2/64 (3%) women, intraoperative uterine perforation occurred. Complete follow-up was available for 49/64 (76%) patients. Mean follow-up time was 68.6 +/- 5.2 months. The overall pregnancy rate after hysteroscopic septoplasty was 69% (34/49). The overall life birth rate (LBR) was 49% (24/49). The mean time interval between surgery and the first life birth was 35.8 +/- 22.5 months. Including our own data, we identified 18 studies investigating the effect of septoplasty on reproductive outcome in 1501 women. A pooled analysis demonstrated that hysteroscopic septoplasty resulted in an overall pregnancy rate of 60% (892/1501) and a LBR of 45% (686/1501). The overall rate of intra- and postoperative complications was 1.7% (23/1324) and the overall rate of re-hysteroscopy was 6% (79/1324). Conclusions In women with septate uterus and a history of infertility, hysteroscopic septoplasty is a safe and effective procedure resulting in a pregnancy rate of 60% and a LBR of 45%. PMID:20492650

EFFECTS OF X IRRADIATION ON THE LEVEL OF NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEINS OF THE UTERUS AND VAGINA OF PREPUBERTAL MICE SUBMITTED TO INDUCED HYPERPLASIA (in French)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ledoux, L.; Charles, P.

1961-12-01

In 20-day-old mice injected subcutaneously with a single 10 ug. dose of estradiol benzoate the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content rose 100% in uterus and 50% in vagina 72 hr later. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) content rose 250 and 100%, respectively, and protein content rose in parallel with DNA. Similarly treated mice were exposed to x rays (150 to 850 r) 24 hr before, simultaneously with, or 24 to 48 hr after injection of estradiol. Irradiation with 750 r before or with the injection inhibited the rise of DNA and RNA 50 to 80% but did not affect the increase in proteins.more » Irradiation of uninjected control mice diminished DNA and RNA. Irradiation 24 to 38 hr after the injection immediately suppressed the increases of DNA and RNA in uterus and vagina and of protein in uterus. Protein content of vagina was not influenced. (H.H.D.)« less

Localization and expression of peroxiredoxin II in the mouse ovary, oviduct, uterus, and preimplantation embryo.

PubMed

Wang, Shie; Huang, Weiquan; Shi, Hexiu; Lin, Cuiying; Xie, Meirong; Wang, Jianxin

2010-02-01

Peroxiredoxin (Prx) II belongs to a recently discovered family of peroxidases that play important roles in antioxidation and signal transduction. In this study, we aimed to study the localization and expression of Prx II in the mouse ovary, oviduct, and uterus, and preimplantation embryos. Immunohistochemical staining analysis showed that, in the ovary, Prx II was expressed in the oocyte cytoplasm of the primary follicle, the secondary follicle, and the premature follicle; Prx II was expressed in germinal vesicle-intact oocytes (GV oocytes) and metaphase II eggs (MII eggs), as well as at various stages in early embryos. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results indicated that the Prx II mRNA was expressed at a high level in GV eggs, slightly lower levels in MII eggs, and had no detectable expression in four-cell embryos and early blastocysts. In the oviduct, Prx II was expressed in the epithelia, while in the uterus Prx II was mainly distributed in the endometrial stroma. Taken together, our results suggest that Prx II plays a key antioxidation role in the maturation of oocytes and development of early embryos, thus providing crucial experimental evidence for further exploring the function of Prx II in the development of oocytes and preimplantation embryos. 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Shadow cell differentiation in endometrioid carcinomas of the uterus. Its frequent occurrence and beta-catenin expression.

PubMed

Zámečník, Michal; Bartoš, Pavel; Kaščák, Peter

2015-01-01

Shadow cell differentiation (SCD) is typical for pilomatrixoma and related follicular tumors of the skin. However, it has been described rarely in some extra-cutaneous lesions such as gonadal teratoma, craniopharyngioma, odontogenic cyst, and in rare visceral carcinomas (lung, bladder, gallbladder, uterus, ovary, and colon). In our practice, we have noticed that the occurrence of shadow cells is not very rare in endometrioid carcinoma (EC) of the uterus. For exact determination of SCD in these tumors, we reviewed 59 consecutive cases of uterine EC. The series included curettage and hysteroscopic specimens. We have found SCD in 9 (15.3 %) of the tumors. In these cases, the age of the patients and FIGO grade did not differ significantly from other ECs. Immunohistochemically, all ECs with SCD showed nuclear expression of beta-catenin in areas of SCD, indicating a possible role of the Wnt signaling pathway in tumorigenesis as well as a role of nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin by trans-differentiation from glandular toward squamous and shadow cell phenotypes. We have found that the relatively frequent presence of SCD in ECs can assists in the diagnosis of these tumors.

Removal of uterine fibroids by mini-laparotomy technique in women who wish to preserve their uterus and fertility.

PubMed

Księżakowska-Łakoma, Kinga; Żyła, Monika; Wilczyński, Jacek

2016-01-01

The minilaparotomy is considered to be a safe and effective alternative to laparoscopy and abdominal laparotomy in myomectomy cases. To perform a retrospective analysis of pre-surgical assessment, surgical course and post-operational parameters in women wishing to preserve their uterus and fertility who underwent myomectomy by minilaparotomy in the Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology at the Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute in Lodz in the years 2008-2014. A total of 76 patients were qualified for minilaparotomy due to a benign gynecological pathology. Only 21 patients with uterine fibroids who wanted to preserve their uterus and fertility were appropriate for this study. Patients' records were analyzed in terms of: epidemiological history, surgical course, postoperative stay and pathological data. All studied patients were asked in 2014 about conception and pregnancy after minilaparotomy. The median age was 35.7 years. The median patient body mass index (BMI) was 24 kg/m(2). The average decrease of hemoglobin was 1.5 g/dl. The size of the myoma was between 1.5 and 15 cm. There were no serious post-surgical complications. The size of the myoma did not correlate significantly with operation time, BMI or blood loss. There was no statistically significant dependence between operation time and average hematocrit and hemoglobin decrease. In our group 7 patients who had undergone myomectomy tried to achieve conception. Four of them succeeded in pregnancy and gave birth to healthy infants. Myomectomy performed via minilaparotomy is a safe procedure for patients willing to preserve their uterus and fertility, and it combines some advantages of both laparotomy and laparoscopy.

Sex steroid receptor expression in the oviduct and uterus of sheep with estrus synchronized with progestagen or prostaglandin analogues.

PubMed

García-Palencia, P; Sánchez, M A; Nieto, A; Vilar, M P; González, M; Veiga-Lopez, A; González-Bulnes, A; Flores, J M

2007-01-01

The objective of this study was to investigate differences in the expression of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha), progesterone receptor (PR) and the proliferative indexes (Ki-67), in the uterus and oviduct of sheep with estrus synchronized either by prostaglandin analogues (Group PA, n=27) or by treatment with progestagens (Group P, n=29) on days 4 and 7 (day 0=estrus), when the embryos were collected. Immunohistochemical methods were used to quantify ERalpha, PR and Ki-67 in six superficial and deep compartments in the uterus and oviduct. The expression of ERalpha was significantly (P<0.01) lower in progestagen treated ewes than in prostaglandin analogues treated group in the luminal epithelium, superficial glands and superficial stroma in the uterus on day 4. The expression of PR was significantly lower in progesterone treated ewes than in the PA Group in the superficial gland (P<0.05) in both days studied. The lowest expression of PR was observed in the luminal caruncular epithelium and superficial glands in both treatments, obtaining the lowest levels on day 4 (P<0.05). There were significant differences between days 4 and 7 in the Ki-67 immunostaining in the luminal epithelium (P<0.01) and superficial glands (P<0.05). A higher cell proliferation was observed in the uterine epithelium (P<0.05) on day 4 in the animals treated with progestagens. Results indicate that sheep with synchronization of estrus with progestagens showed a reduction of ERalpha and PR protein expression in most of oviductal and uterine cells.

[Prolapse of the uterus and cataract: a comparison of veterinary and human medicine in Greco-Roman antiquity].

PubMed

Fischer, K D

2005-01-01

A number of surgical interventions in ancient veterinary medicine were modelled on the same procedures in human medicine. This is discussed in some detail for the prolapse of the uterus and the couching of the cataract in horses. In the introductory section, the importance of Switzerland and neighbouring areas for the transmission of ancient veterinary medicine is highlighted.

Malignant mixed Mullerian tumour of uterus secondary to tamoxifen therapy for hormone responsive breast cancer.

PubMed

Gupta, Mayank; Kiruthiga, Kala Gnanasekaran

2015-06-29

Tamoxifen is used in the treatment of hormone responsive breast cancer because of its antiestrogenic effect. However, it also has an estrogenic effect on the uterus, thereby increasing the risk of endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial polyp and endometrial neoplasms such as endometrial adenocarcinoma and malignant mixed Mullerian tumour (MMMT). This case describes the possible pathogenesis and risk of developing MMMT due to long-term tamoxifen intake in hormone responsive breast cancer. 2015 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

Cattle Uterus: A Novel Animal Laboratory Model for Advanced Hysteroscopic Surgery Training

PubMed Central

Ewies, Ayman A. A.; Khan, Zahid R.

2015-01-01

In recent years, due to reduced training opportunities, the major shift in surgical training is towards the use of simulation and animal laboratories. Despite the merits of Virtual Reality Simulators, they are far from representing the real challenges encountered in theatres. We introduce the “Cattle Uterus Model” in the hope that it will be adopted in training courses as a low cost and easy-to-set-up tool. It adds new dimensions to the advanced hysteroscopic surgery training experience by providing tactile sensation and simulating intraoperative difficulties. It complements conventional surgical training, aiming to maximise clinical exposure and minimise patients' harm. PMID:26265918

Could the female-to-male transgender population be donor candidates for uterus transplantation?

PubMed Central

Api, Murat; Boza, Ayşen; Ceyhan, Mehmet

2017-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the eligibility of female-to-male (FtM) transgender people as donor candidates with regard to histologic, surgical, and social aspects. Materials and Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 31 FtM transgender people underwent standard hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for gender reassignment upon their request. The pelvic viscera of the transgender people was intraoperatively observed and the histology of the removed uteri were evaluated for fertility capacity and procurement surgery. A questionnaire was administered to explore their attitude towards uterus donation. Results: The mean ± standard deviation age was 28.5±5 years. The median duration of testosterone supplementation was 2.4 years; therefore, they all had irregular menstrual periods during this therapy. None had any previous abdominal surgery or additional morbidity. The mean uterine volume was 138±48 cm3. No adenomyosis, endometriosis, polyps, adhesions or uterine anomalies were either observed or reported. Endometrial histology was reported as proliferative (58%), atrophic (29%), and secretory (13%) pattern. Of the 31 transgender people, 30 (96.7%) had a positive attitude; only one had no opinion at the beginning. After detailed information about the procedure was given, 26 (84%) still wanted to volunteer for donation, but 4 (12%) changed their opinion to negative (p=0.12, McNemar test). Conclusion: The proposal of the FtM transgender population as uterus donor is a hypothetical model that has not been experienced before. Nevertheless, our experience revealed that the FtM transgender population would be good candidates socially, legally, and biologically. PMID:29379666

Incidence of Septate Uterus in Reproductive-Aged Women With and Without Endometriosis.

PubMed

LaMonica, Rachel; Pinto, Judith; Luciano, Danielle; Lyapis, Anya; Luciano, Anthony

2016-01-01

To compare the incidence of a uterine septum in women with and without endometriosis and if such incidence correlates with the stage of endometriosis Although a correlation between obstructive Mullerian anomalies and endometriosis has been well established, its link with non-obstructive anomalies remains controversial. To elucidate whether there is a correlation between endometriosis and non-obstructive Mullerian anomalies, we conducted this prospective study on all patients admitted to our Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility surgical service from February 1, 2010 through June 30, 2012. All patients underwent both hysteroscopy and laparoscopy. Surgical indications included: infertility, pain, and/or menorrhagia. The presence or absence of endometriosis and uterine anomalies were recorded immediately after each surgery and subsequently analyzed. Endometriosis was staged according to the r-ASRM Classification and treated by resection and ablation of deep and superficial lesions, respectively. Since uterine septum is the most common Mullerian anomaly, we considered only this anomaly to test the hypothesis that uterine septum may be associated with an increased incidence of endometriosis. Prospective Study. Evidence from a well-designed case-control study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). University-affiliated tertiary care center. Reproductive aged women admitted to our service for treatment of pelvic pain, abnormal uterine bleeding, and/or infertility. All patients underwent both hysteroscopy and laparoscopy as part of their evaluation and treatment of pelvic pain, abnormal uterine bleeding, and/or infertility. 343 patients were included in the study. The diagnosis of each patient included infertility - 52, pain - 215, both - 30 and other - 46. The diagnosis of septate uterus was made at hysteroscopy when the endometrial cavity was separated by an avascular septum that obscured visualization of both cornua when the hysteroscope was advanced to the mid

Leiomyoadenomatoid tumor of the uterus: report of a rare entity and review of the literature.

PubMed

Sarma, Nandyala Hariharanadha; Srinivasulu, Madapuram; Suchitra, Mekala Jyothi

2014-01-01

Adenomatoid tumor occurs in the testicular spermatic cord and ejaculatory duct in males and in the fallopian tube and uterus in the females. These are usually small, benign lesions and are mostly incidental findings. Leiomyo-adenomatoid tumor (LMAT) is a variant of adenomatoid tumor, where in the smooth muscle component is predominant. Only nine cases of LMAT are reported so far in the English literature. We report one case and review the nine cases reported so far.

Allowable warm ischemic time and morphological and biochemical changes in uterine ischemia/reperfusion injury in cynomolgus macaque: a basic study for uterus transplantation.

PubMed

Kisu, Iori; Umene, Kiyoko; Adachi, Masataka; Emoto, Katsura; Nogami, Yuya; Banno, Kouji; Itagaki, Iori; Kawamoto, Ikuo; Nakagawa, Takahiro; Narita, Hayato; Yoshida, Atsushi; Tsuchiya, Hideaki; Ogasawara, Kazumasa; Aoki, Daisuke

2017-10-01

How long is the allowable warm ischemic time of the uterus and what morphological and biochemical changes are caused by uterine ischemia/reperfusion injury in cynomolgus macaques? Warm ischemia in the uterus of cynomolgus macaques is tolerated for up to 4 h and reperfusion after uterine ischemia caused no further morphological and biochemical changes. Uterus transplantation is a potential option for women with uterine factor infertility. The allowable warm ischemic time and ischemia/reperfusion injury of the uterus in humans and non-human primates is unknown. This experimental study included 18 female cynomolgus macaques with periodic menstruation. Animals were divided into six groups of three monkeys each: a control group and groups with uterine ischemia for 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h. Biopsies of uterine tissues were performed before blood flow blockage, after each blockage time, and after reperfusion for 3 h. Blood sampling was performed after each blockage time, and after reperfusion for 5, 15 and 30 min for measurement of biochemical data. Resumption of menstruation was monitored after the surgical procedure. Morphological, physiological and biochemical changes after ischemia and reperfusion were evaluated. Mild muscle degeneration and zonal degeneration were observed in all animals subjected to warm ischemia for 4 or 8 h, but there were no marked differences in the appearance of specimens immediately after ischemia and after reperfusion for 3 h in animals subjected to 4 or 8 h of warm ischemia. There were no significant changes in any biochemical parameters at any time point in each group. Periodical menstruation resumed in all animals with warm ischemia up to 4 h, but did not recover in animals with warm ischemia for 8 h with atrophic uteri. Warm ischemia in actual transplantation was not exactly mimicked in this study because uteri were not perfused, cooled, transplanted or reanastomosed with vessels. Results in non-human primates cannot always be extrapolated to

F4/80+ Macrophages Contribute to Clearance of Senescent Cells in the Mouse Postpartum Uterus.

PubMed

Egashira, Mahiro; Hirota, Yasushi; Shimizu-Hirota, Ryoko; Saito-Fujita, Tomoko; Haraguchi, Hirofumi; Matsumoto, Leona; Matsuo, Mitsunori; Hiraoka, Takehiro; Tanaka, Tomoki; Akaeda, Shun; Takehisa, Chiaki; Saito-Kanatani, Mayuko; Maeda, Kei-Ichiro; Fujii, Tomoyuki; Osuga, Yutaka

2017-07-01

Cellular senescence, defined as an irreversible cell cycle arrest, exacerbates the tissue microenvironment. Our previous study demonstrated that mouse uterine senescent cells were physiologically increased according to gestational days and that their abnormal accumulation was linked to the onset of preterm delivery. We hypothesized that there is a mechanism for removal of senescent cells after parturition to maintain uterine function. In the current study, we noted abundant uterine senescent cells and their gradual disappearance in wild-type postpartum mice. F4/80+ macrophages were present specifically around the area rich in senescent cells. Depletion of macrophages in the postpartum mice using anti-F4/80 antibody enlarged the area of senescent cells in the uterus. We also found excessive uterine senescent cells and decreased second pregnancy success rate in a preterm birth model using uterine p53-deleted mice. Furthermore, a decrease in F4/80+ cells and an increase in CD11b+ cells with a senescence-associated inflammatory microenvironment were observed in the p53-deleted uterus, suggesting that uterine p53 deficiency affects distribution of the macrophage subpopulation, interferes with senescence clearance, and promotes senescence-induced inflammation. These findings indicate that the macrophage is a key player in the clearance of uterine senescent cells to maintain postpartum uterine function. Copyright © 2017 Endocrine Society.

Immunohistochemical localization of constitutive and inducible cyclo-oxygenases in rat uterus during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy.

PubMed

Fang, L; Chatterjee, S; Dong, Y L; Gangula, P R; Yallampalli, C

1998-06-01

The uterus is a rich source of eicosanoids synthesized from arachidonic acid metabolism through the cyclo-oxygenase pathway. Two isoforms of cyclo-oxygenase, constitutive (COX-I) and inducible (COX-II) enzyme, have been reported. In the present study, we have immunohistochemically mapped the distribution of both COX-I and COX-II during various physiological states of the rat uterus. Uterine tissue was collected from female rats (a) during different stages of the oestrous cycle, (b) on days 1, 4, 8 and 18 of gestation, (c) after spontaneous delivery and (d) post partum, and fixed in Bouin's fixative. After paraffin wax embedding, 5-microm-thick sections were immunohistochemically stained by the ABC technique. Observation of the stained sections under the light microscope revealed that, in non-pregnant rat uterus, both COX-I and COX-II were abundantly expressed in the endometrium, with minimal staining observed in the myometrium. Staining was more prominent in epithelial cells than in stromal cells. The intensity of staining in epithelial cells was highest at pro-oestrus and oestrus and lowest at dioestrus. In pregnant rats, although the expression of both COX-I and COX-II was localized primarily to the endometrium with very little staining in the myometrium on day 1 of gestation, both of these enzymes were also apparent in myometrial cells by day 4 of gestation. The staining intensity of endometrial and myometrial cells increased further with the progression of gestation, being maximal at the time of spontaneous delivery. During the post-partum period, however, the staining intensity for both of the enzymes in endometrium and myometrium was decreased. Thus, our studies show that the expression of cyclo-oxygenases in various uterine cells vary with the oestrous cycle and with pregnancy. Furthermore, prominent increases in the expression of cyclo-oxygenases in the myometrium during pregnancy and parturition imply that the cyclo-oxygenase system in the myometrium may

Is there yet a role for internal iliac artery ligation in obstetric hemorrhage with the current gain in popularity of other uterus sparing techniques?

PubMed

Kaya, Baris; Damarer, Zeki; Daglar, Korkut; Unal, Orhan; Soliman, Amr; Guralp, Onur

2017-06-01

To evaluate the success rates and subsequent fertility outcomes of internal iliac artery ligation (IIAL) in uterine atony (primary ligated and secondary added to other uterus sparing techniques), retroperitoneal hematoma, and placenta adherent abnormalities. Fifty two women who underwent IIAL for different causes of postpartum hemorrhage were retrospectively evaluated. Among 26 women with intractable uterine atony, 12 had primary, and 14 secondary IIAL, due to ongoing bleeding following the B-Lynch suture or the Bakri balloon tamponade. The success rates were 91% and 71.4% in the primary and secondary IIAL groups, respectively. The success rates of IIAL in 12 women with placental adhesion abnormalities and another 12 with obstetric retroperitoneal hematoma were 75% (9/12) and 83% (10/12) respectively. Nine (17%) hysterectomies were performed after failure of IIAL. Two maternal deaths occurred in our study. The rate of achieving pregnancy was not significantly different between the groups. Hysterectomy rates might be decreased with the addition of IIAL provided that other uterus sparing techniques; B-Lynch or the Bakri balloon was to fail separately. IIAL can save lives in severe obstetric retroperitoneal hematoma. IIAL does not affect fertility even it is combined with other uterus sparing techniques like the Bakri balloon and B-Lynch suture.

Which Donor for Uterus Transplants: Brain-Dead Donor or Living Donor? A Systematic Review.

PubMed

Lavoué, Vincent; Vigneau, Cécile; Duros, Solène; Boudjema, Karim; Levêque, Jean; Piver, Pascal; Aubard, Yves; Gauthier, Tristan

2017-02-01

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate and compare the pros and cons of using living donors or brain-dead donors in uterus transplantation programs, 2 years after the first worldwide live birth after uterus transplantation. The Medline database and the Central Cochrane Library were used to locate uterine transplantation studies carried out in human or nonhuman primates. All types of articles (case reports, original studies, meta-analyses, reviews) in English or French were considered for inclusion. Overall, 92 articles were screened and 44 were retained for review. Proof of concept for human uterine transplantation was demonstrated in 2014 with a living donor. Compared with a brain-dead donor strategy, a living donor strategy offers greater possibilities for planning surgery and also decreases cold ischemia time, potentially translating into a higher success rate. However, this approach poses ethical problems, given that the donor is exposed to surgery risks but does not derive any direct benefit. A brain-dead donor strategy is more acceptable from an ethical viewpoint, but its feasibility is currently unproven, potentially owing to a lack of compatible donors, and is associated with a longer cold ischemia time and a potentially higher rejection rate. The systematic review demonstrates that uterine transplantation is a major surgical innovation for the treatment of absolute uterine factor infertility. Living and brain-dead donor strategies are not mutually exclusive and, in view of the current scarcity of uterine grafts and the anticipated future rise in demand, both will probably be necessary.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (Stat3) plays a critical role in implantation via progesterone receptor in uterus

PubMed Central

Lee, Jae Hee; Kim, Tae Hoon; Oh, Seo Jin; Yoo, Jung-Yoon; Akira, Shizuo; Ku, Bon Jeong; Lydon, John P.; Jeong, Jae-Wook

2013-01-01

Recent studies have shown that activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (Stat3) is required for decidualization, interacting with progesterone receptor (PR) in uterus. Based on previous reports, we hypothesized that crosstalk between STAT3 and PR signaling is required for successful implantation. To identify the interaction between STAT3 and PR isoforms, we performed immunoprecipitation following transient cotransfection and found that STAT3 physically interacted with PR-A, which is known to be important for uterine development and function, but not with PR-B. To further investigate the role of Stat3 in uterine function, Stat3 was conditionally ablated only in the PR-positive cells (PRcre/+ Stat3f/f; Stat3d/d). Our studies revealed that ovarian function and uterine development of Stat3d/d mice were normal. However, Stat3d/d female mice were infertile due to defective embryo implantation. Unlike Stat3f/f mice, Stat3d/d mice exhibited an unclosed uterine lumen. Furthermore, uteri of Stat3d/d mice were unable to undergo a well-characterized hormonally induced decidual reaction. The expression of stromal PR was decreased during decidualization and preimplantation period in Stat3d/d mice, and PR target genes were significantly down-regulated after progesterone induction. Our results suggest that STAT3 and PR crosstalk is required for successful implantation in the mouse uterus.—Lee, J. H., Kim, T. H., Oh, S. J., Yoo, J.-Y., Akira, S., Ku, B. J., Lydon, J. P., Jeong, J.-W. Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (Stat3) plays a critical role in implantation via progesterone receptor in uterus. PMID:23531596

Distinct functions and regulation of epithelial progesterone receptor in the mouse cervix, vagina, and uterus

PubMed Central

Mehta, Fabiola F.; Son, Jieun; Hewitt, Sylvia C.; Jang, Eunjung; Lydon, John P.; Korach, Kenneth S.; Chung, Sang-Hyuk

2016-01-01

While the function of progesterone receptor (PR) has been studied in the mouse vagina and uterus, its regulation and function in the cervix has not been described. We selectively deleted epithelial PR in the female reproductive tracts using the Cre/LoxP recombination system. We found that epithelial PR was required for induction of apoptosis and suppression of cell proliferation by progesterone (P4) in the cervical and vaginal epithelium. We also found that epithelial PR was dispensable for P4 to suppress apoptosis and proliferation in the uterine epithelium. PR is encoded by the Pgr gene, which is regulated by estrogen receptor α (ERα) in the female reproductive tracts. Using knock−in mouse models expressing ERα mutants, we determined that the DNA−binding domain (DBD) and AF2 domain of ERα were required for upregulation of Pgr in the cervix and vagina as well as the uterine stroma. The ERα AF1 domain was required for upregulation of Pgr in the vaginal stroma and epithelium and cervical epithelium, but not in the uterine and cervical stroma. ERα DBD, AF1, and AF2 were required for suppression of Pgr in the uterine epithelium, which was mediated by stromal ERα. Epithelial ERα was responsible for upregulation of epithelial Pgr in the cervix and vagina. Our results indicate that regulation and functions of epithelial PR are different in the cervix, vagina, and uterus. PMID:27007157

Distinct functions and regulation of epithelial progesterone receptor in the mouse cervix, vagina, and uterus.

PubMed

Mehta, Fabiola F; Son, Jieun; Hewitt, Sylvia C; Jang, Eunjung; Lydon, John P; Korach, Kenneth S; Chung, Sang-Hyuk

2016-04-05

While the function of progesterone receptor (PR) has been studied in the mouse vagina and uterus, its regulation and function in the cervix has not been described. We selectively deleted epithelial PR in the female reproductive tracts using the Cre/LoxP recombination system. We found that epithelial PR was required for induction of apoptosis and suppression of cell proliferation by progesterone (P4) in the cervical and vaginal epithelium. We also found that epithelial PR was dispensable for P4 to suppress apoptosis and proliferation in the uterine epithelium. PR is encoded by the Pgr gene, which is regulated by estrogen receptor α (ERα) in the female reproductive tracts. Using knock-in mouse models expressing ERα mutants, we determined that the DNA-binding domain (DBD) and AF2 domain of ERα were required for upregulation of Pgr in the cervix and vagina as well as the uterine stroma. The ERα AF1 domain was required for upregulation of Pgr in the vaginal stroma and epithelium and cervical epithelium, but not in the uterine and cervical stroma. ERα DBD, AF1, and AF2 were required for suppression of Pgr in the uterine epithelium, which was mediated by stromal ERα. Epithelial ERα was responsible for upregulation of epithelial Pgr in the cervix and vagina. Our results indicate that regulation and functions of epithelial PR are different in the cervix, vagina, and uterus.

Intrauterine Linear Echogenicities in the Gravid Uterus: What Radiologists Should Know.

PubMed

Jensen, Kyle K; Oh, Karen Y; Kennedy, Anne M; Sohaey, Roya

2018-01-01

Intrauterine linear echogenicity (ILE) is a common ultrasonographic finding in the gravid uterus and has variable causes and variable maternal and fetal outcomes. Correctly categorizing ILE during pregnancy is crucial for guiding surveillance and advanced imaging strategies. Common causes of ILE include membranes in multiple gestations, uterine synechiae with amniotic sheets, and uterine duplication anomalies. Less common causes include circumvallate placenta, chorioamniotic separation, and hemorrhage between membranes. Amniotic band syndrome is a rare but important diagnosis to consider, as it causes severe fetal defects. Imaging findings enable body stalk anomaly, a lethal defect, to be distinguished from amniotic bands, which although destructive are not necessarily lethal. This review describes the key imaging findings used to differentiate the various types of ILE in pregnancy, thus enabling accurate diagnosis and appropriate patient counseling. Online supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2018.

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the tunica vaginalis of the testis with an adjacent uterus-like tissue.

PubMed

Tulunay, Ozden; Gögüş, Cagatay; Baltaci, Sümer; Bulut, Safak

2004-08-01

Testicular and paratesticular neoplasms that resemble the common epithelial type of ovarian tumor are quite rare. Paratesticular clear cell carcinoma is very uncommon in the testis, with no reported cases of a tumor arising from the tunica vaginalis in the literature to our knowledge. The present case shows that it is highly malignant and metastatic. The differential diagnosis of the tumor was made after thorough clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical investigations, from the mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis, paratesticular serous papillary carcinoma, carcinoma of the rete testis, epididymal adenocarcioma, yolk sac tumor of the testis and metastatic carcinoma. The tumor showed Bcl-2 and Her-2/neu immunoreactivity, but was non-reactive for p53. This tumor, with a uterus-like structure as a paratesticular tumor-like mass, was composed of endometrial-type glands and stroma surrounded by bundles of smooth muscle, and is the third example of this kind of structure in English written literature. The patient, having normal external genitalia and fertility, represents the first reported case of paratesticular malignant differentiation of müllerian-type epithelium in the normal gonadal state. Müllerian-type epithelium located in the vicinity of the testis and/or endometriotic metaplasia of the mesothelium of the tunica vaginalis might be the possible origins for this uterus-like structure, and as a result, for this tumor.

In vivo xenoestrogenic actions of cadmium and arsenic in anterior pituitary and uterus.

PubMed

Ronchetti, Sonia A; Novack, Gisela V; Bianchi, María S; Crocco, Melisa C; Duvilanski, Beatriz H; Cabilla, Jimena P

2016-07-01

Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (iAs) are toxic metals ubiquitously present in the environment. Both pollutants exert nonmonotonic dose responses, being mostly cytotoxic at high concentrations but mimicking estrogen (E2) effects at low doses. Xenoestrogenic activity of Cd and iAs has been demonstrated in different hormone-dependent tumor cell lines; however, their actions in vivo remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether in vivo administration of low doses of Cd and iAs through drinking water would display xenoestrogenic effects in the anterior pituitary gland and uterus of ovariectomized rats. Cd (1ppm) and iAs (0.1ppm) exposure increased the wet weight of anterior pituitary gland and uterus and induced proestrus- and estrus-like vaginal smears. Both metals stimulate cell proliferation of these tissues as they increased the expression of proliferation markers. More importantly, they augmented soluble guanylyl cyclase α1 subunit expression, which has been linked to hormone-dependent tumor progression. Also, Cd and iAs modified protein levels of full-length estrogen receptor α and its truncated variants in an E2-like manner. Anterior pituitary hormone secretion was differentially affected by both metals. Luteinizing hormone synthesis and release were strongly diminished after Cd exposure and only mildly reduced by iAs. Both metals were able to increase prolactin synthesis, although only iAs augmented serum prolactin levels. This study shows for the first time that Cd and iAs exert strong xenoestrogenic effects on anterior pituitary gland at low doses. The differences between Cd and iAs E2-like behavior indicate that other Cd- and iAs-specific mechanisms could be involved. Altogether, these results contribute to the knowledge of reproductive disorders associated with Cd and iAs environmental contamination. © 2016 Society for Reproduction and Fertility.

Manual displacement of the uterus during Caesarean section.

PubMed

Kundra, P; Khanna, S; Habeebullah, S; Ravishankar, M

2007-05-01

Ninety ASA 1 and 2 pregnant women with term singleton pregnancies and no maternal and fetal complications, scheduled for elective or emergency Caesarean section, were randomly allocated to group LT (15 degrees left lateral table tilt, n = 45) and group MD (leftward manual displacement, n = 45). Subarachnoid block was established with a 25-gauge spinal needle at the L3-L4 interspace using 1.5 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. A median sensory level of T6 was observed in both groups but the incidence of hypotension was markedly lower in group MD when compared to group LT (4.4% vs 40%; p < 0.001) with a significant reduction in mean (SD) ephedrine requirement (6 (0) vs 11.3 (4.9) mg; p < 0.001). The mean (SD) fall in systolic blood pressure was 28.8 (7.3) mmHg in group LT and 20 (12.7) mmHg in group MD. The time to maximum fall in systolic blood pressure was similar in both groups (4.5 min). We conclude that manual displacement of the uterus effectively reduces the incidence of hypotension and ephedrine requirements when compared to 15 degrees left lateral table tilt in parturients undergoing Caesarean section.

Altered gene expression patterns during the initiation and promotion stages of neonatally diethylstilbestrol-induced hyperplasia/dysplasia/neoplasia in the hamster uterus.

PubMed

Hendry, William J; Hariri, Hussam Y; Alwis, Imala D; Gunewardena, Sumedha S; Hendry, Isabel R

2014-12-01

Neonatal treatment of hamsters with diethylstilbestrol (DES) induces uterine hyperplasia/dysplasia/neoplasia (endometrial adenocarcinoma) in adult animals. We subsequently determined that the neonatal DES exposure event directly and permanently disrupts the developing hamster uterus (initiation stage) so that it responds abnormally when it is stimulated with estrogen in adulthood (promotion stage). To identify candidate molecular elements involved in progression of the disruption/neoplastic process, we performed: (1) immunoblot analyses and (2) microarray profiling (Affymetrix Gene Chip System) on sets of uterine protein and RNA extracts, respectively, and (3) immunohistochemical analysis on uterine sections; all from both initiation stage and promotion stage groups of animals. Here we report that: (1) progression of the neonatal DES-induced hyperplasia/dysplasia/neoplasia phenomenon in the hamster uterus involves a wide spectrum of specific gene expression alterations and (2) the gene products involved and their manner of altered expression differ dramatically during the initiation vs. promotion stages of the phenomenon. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

'You have all those emotions inside that you cannot show because of what they will cause': Disclosing the absence of one's uterus and vagina.

PubMed

Guntram, Lisa; Zeiler, Kristin

2016-10-01

This article examines young women's experiences of telling others that they have no uterus and no, or a so-called small, vagina - a condition labelled 'congenital absence of uterus and vagina', which falls within the larger category of 'atypical' sex development. Our aim is to investigate how affective dissonances such as fear and frustration are expressed in young women's narratives about letting others know about their 'atypical' sex development, and how these women narrate desired steps to recognition. By drawing on feminist writings on the performativity of affects or emotions, we examine what affective dissonances accomplish within three identified narratives: how affective dissonances may contribute to the women's positioning of themselves vis-à-vis other individuals and how affective dissonances can imply a strengthening and/or questioning of norms about female embodiment and heterosexuality. This allows us to tease out how routes for questioning of these norms become available through the three narratives that together form a storyline of coming out about a congenital absence of a uterus and vagina in the Swedish context. Furthermore, by demonstrating how others' responses shape the women - their understandings of their own bodies, their envisaged future disclosures and their relations - our analysis highlights the multifaceted intersubjective and in other ways relational, affective and temporal dimensions of coming out about one's 'atypical' sex development. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DNA ARRAYS TO MONITOR GENE EXPRESSION IN RAT BLOOD AND UTERUS FOLLOWING 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL EXPOSURE: BIOMONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS USING SURROGATE TISSUES

EPA Science Inventory

DNA arrays to monitor gene expression in rat blood and uterus following 17-b-estradiol exposure - biomonitoring environmental effects using surrogate tissues
John C. Rockett, Robert J. Kavlock, Christy R. Lambright, Louise G. Parks, Judith E. Schmid, Vickie S. Wilson, Carmen W...

Response of adult mouse uterus to early disruption of estrogen receptor-alpha signaling is influenced by Krüppel-like factor 9

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Inappropriate early exposure of the hormone-responsive uterus to estrogenic compounds is associated with increased risk for adult reproductive diseases including endometrial cancers. While the dysregulation of estrogen receptor-alpha (ESR1) signaling is a well-acknowledged early event in tumor initi...

PAGE-1, an X chromosome-linked GAGE-like gene that is expressed in normal and neoplastic prostate, testis, and uterus

PubMed Central

Brinkmann, Ulrich; Vasmatzis, George; Lee, Byungkook; Yerushalmi, Noga; Essand, Magnus; Pastan, Ira

1998-01-01

We have used a combination of computerized database mining and experimental expression analyses to identify a gene that is preferentially expressed in normal male and female reproductive tissues, prostate, testis, fallopian tube, uterus, and placenta, as well as in prostate cancer, testicular cancer, and uterine cancer. This gene is located on the human X chromosome, and it is homologous to a family of genes encoding GAGE-like proteins. GAGE proteins are expressed in a variety of tumors and in testis. We designate the novel gene PAGE-1 because the expression pattern in the Cancer Genome Anatomy Project libraries indicates that it is predominantly expressed in normal and neoplastic prostate. Further database analysis indicates the presence of other genes with high homology to PAGE-1, which were found in cDNA libraries derived from testis, pooled libraries (with testis), and in a germ cell tumor library. The expression of PAGE-1 in normal and malignant prostate, testicular, and uterine tissues makes it a possible target for the diagnosis and possibly for the vaccine-based therapy of neoplasms of prostate, testis, and uterus. PMID:9724777

PAGE-1, an X chromosome-linked GAGE-like gene that is expressed in normal and neoplastic prostate, testis, and uterus.

PubMed

Brinkmann, U; Vasmatzis, G; Lee, B; Yerushalmi, N; Essand, M; Pastan, I

1998-09-01

We have used a combination of computerized database mining and experimental expression analyses to identify a gene that is preferentially expressed in normal male and female reproductive tissues, prostate, testis, fallopian tube, uterus, and placenta, as well as in prostate cancer, testicular cancer, and uterine cancer. This gene is located on the human X chromosome, and it is homologous to a family of genes encoding GAGE-like proteins. GAGE proteins are expressed in a variety of tumors and in testis. We designate the novel gene PAGE-1 because the expression pattern in the Cancer Genome Anatomy Project libraries indicates that it is predominantly expressed in normal and neoplastic prostate. Further database analysis indicates the presence of other genes with high homology to PAGE-1, which were found in cDNA libraries derived from testis, pooled libraries (with testis), and in a germ cell tumor library. The expression of PAGE-1 in normal and malignant prostate, testicular, and uterine tissues makes it a possible target for the diagnosis and possibly for the vaccine-based therapy of neoplasms of prostate, testis, and uterus.

The fate of autologous endometrial mesenchymal stromal cells after application in the healthy equine uterus.

PubMed

Rink, Elisabeth; Beyer, Teresa; French, Hilari; Watson, Elaine; Aurich, Christine; Donadeu, Xavier

2018-05-23

Because of their distinct differentiation, immunomodulatory and migratory capacities, endometrial mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may provide an optimum source of therapeutic cells not only in relation to the uterus but also for regeneration of other tissues. This study reports the fate of endometrial MSCs following intrauterine application in mares. Stromal cell fractions were isolated from endometrial biopsies taken from seven reproductively healthy mares, expanded and fluorescence-labeled in culture. MSCs (15 x 106) or PBS were autologously infused into each uterine horn during early diestrus and subsequently tracked by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry of endometrial biopsies and blood samples taken periodically after infusion. The inflammatory response to cell infusion was monitored in endometrial cytology samples. MSCs were detected in endometrial sections at 6, 12 and 24 hours but not later (7 or 14 days) after cell infusion. Cells were in all cases located in the uterine lumen, never within endometrial tissue. No fluorescence signal was detected in blood samples at any time point after infusion. Cytology analyses showed an increase in %PMN between 1 and 3 hours after uterine infusion with either MSCs or PBS, and a further increase by 6 hours only in mares infused with PBS. In summary, endometrial MSCs were detected in the uterine lumen for up to 24 h after infusion but did not migrate into healthy endometrium. Moreover, MSCs effectively attenuated the inflammatory response to uterine infusion. We conclude that endometrial MSCs obtained from routine uterine biopsies could provide a safe and effective cell source for treatment of inflammatory conditions of the uterus and potentially other tissues.

Comparison of estrogenic responses in bone and uterus depending on the parity status in Lewis rats.

PubMed

Keiler, Annekathrin Martina; Bernhardt, Ricardo; Scharnweber, Dieter; Jarry, Hubertus; Vollmer, Günter; Zierau, Oliver

2013-01-01

The reproductive transition of women through peri- to postmenopause is characterized by changes in steroid hormone levels due to the cessation of the ovarian function. Beside several complaints associated with these hormonal changes, the deterioration of the trabecular bone micro-architecture and the loss of skeletal mass can cause osteoporosis. At this life stage, women often have a reproductive history of one to several pregnancies. The ovariectomized skeletally mature rat (>10 months old) is one of the most commonly used animal models for postmenopausal osteoporosis research. Despite the fact that mammals can undergo up to several reproductive cycles (primi-/pluriparous), nulliparous animals are often used and the question whether changes in the hormonal milieu subsequently affect the skeleton and influence the outcome of intervention studies is often neglected in study designs. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the estrogen responsiveness of nulliparous and pluriparous rats. For this purpose, one year old virgin or retired breeder Lewis rats were either sham operated or ovariectomized, whereas half of the ovariectomized animals received subcutaneous 17β-estradiol pellets eight weeks after surgery. After another four weeks, the effects on the uterus were determined by expression analysis of estrogen-dependently regulated steroid receptor genes and well-established marker genes. Moreover, trabecular bone parameters in the tibia were analyzed by micro-computed tomography (μCT). Parity-dependency in estrogen responsiveness was observed with respect to the achieved serum E2 levels in response to similar E2 treatment. This led to differences both on the uterus wet weight and on the expression level of uterine target genes. In addition, a reversal of the ovariectomy-induced changes of the bone architecture after 17β-estradiol substitution was only observed among the nulliparous. In conclusion, the observations of this study support parity

Distinct Spatiotemporal Expression of Serine Proteases Prss23 and Prss35 in Periimplantation Mouse Uterus and Dispensable Function of Prss35 in Fertility

PubMed Central

Diao, Honglu; Xiao, Shuo; Li, Rong; Zhao, Fei; Ye, Xiaoqin

2013-01-01

PRSS23 and PRSS35 are homologous proteases originally identified in mouse ovaries. In the periimplantation mouse uterus, Prss23 was highly expressed in the preimplantation gestation day 3.5 (D3.5) uterine luminal epithelium (LE). It disappeared from the postimplantation LE and reappeared in the stromal compartment next to the myometrium on D6.5. It was undetectable in the embryo from D4.5 to D6.5 but highly expressed in the embryo on D7.5. Prss35 became detectable in the uterine stromal compartment surrounding the embryo on D4.5 and shifted towards the mesometrial side of the stromal compartment next to the embryo from D5.5 to D7.5. In the ovariectomized uterus, Prss23 was moderately and Prss35 was dramatically downregulated by progesterone and 17β-estradiol. Based on the expression of Prss35 in granulosa cells and corpus luteum of the ovary and the early pregnant uterus, we hypothesized that PRSS35 might play a role in female reproduction, especially in oocyte development, ovulation, implantation, and decidualization. This hypothesis was tested in Prss35(−/−) mice, which proved otherwise. Between wild type (WT) and Prss35(−/−) mice, superovulation of immature females produced comparable numbers of cumulus-oocyte complexes; there were comparable numbers of implantation sites detected on D4.5 and D7.5; there were no obvious differences in the expression of implantation and decidualization marker genes in D4.5 or D7.5 uteri. Comparable mRNA expression levels of a few known protease-related genes in the WT and Prss35(−/−) D4.5 uteri indicated no compensatory upregulation. Comparable litter sizes from WT × WT and Prss35 (−/−)× Prss35 (−/−) crosses suggested that Prss35 gene was unessential for fertility and embryo development. Prss35 gene has been linked to cleft lip/palate in humans. However, no obvious such defects were observed in Prss35(−/−) mice. This study demonstrates the distinct expression of Prss23 and Prss35 in the periimplantation

Air bubble location inside the uterus after transfer: is the embryo really there?

PubMed

Soares, Sérgio Reis; Godinho, Catarina; Nunes, Sofia; Pellicer, António

2008-08-01

To demonstrate that the location of the air bubble after embryo transfer (ET) does not necessarily indicate the final embryo location. Case report. Private clinic. A couple with primary infertility for whom a diagnosis of bicornuate uterus with a very open angle between horns was confirmed. Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy were performed before an IVF cycle in which a single embryo was replaced. Air bubble image immediately after ET and gestational sac location 3 weeks later. Immediately after a single ET, the air bubble was seen in the left uterine horn. Three weeks later, a gestational sac was seen in the right uterine horn. The location of the air bubble immediately after ET does not necessarily indicate the final embryo location.

Interleukin (IL)-1 in rat parturition: IL-1 receptors 1 and 2 and accessory proteins abundance in pregnant rat uterus at term - regulation by progesterone.

PubMed

Ishiguro, Tomohito; Takeda, Jun; Fang, Xin; Bronson, Heather; Olson, David M

2016-07-01

The role of interleukin-1 (IL-1), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, in parturition is typically noted by changes in its concentrations. Studying the expression of its receptor family, IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) 1, IL-1R2, IL-1R accessory protein (IL-1RAcP), and its predominantly brain isoform, IL-1RAcPb, during late gestation in the uterus in the Long-Evans rat is another. We assessed changes in their mRNA and protein relative abundance in the uterus and compared IL-1RAcP and IL-1RAcPb mRNA abundance in uterus, cervix, ovaries, placenta, and whole blood of Long-Evans rats during late gestation or in RU486 and progesterone-treated dams using quantitative real-time PCR and western immunoblotting. IL-1R1, IL-1RAcP, and IL-1RAcPb mRNA abundance significantly increased in the uterus at delivery whereas IL-1R2 mRNA abundance significantly decreased. IL-1R1 protein increased at term and IL-1R2 protein decreased at term compared to nonpregnant uteri. IL1-RAcPb mRNA abundance was less than IL-1RAcP, but in the lower uterine segment it was the highest of all tissues examined. RU486 stimulated preterm delivery and an increase in IL-1R1 mRNA abundance whereas progesterone administration extended pregnancy and suppressed the increase in IL-1R1. These data suggest that changes in uterine sensitivity to IL-1 occur during late gestation and suggest another level of regulation for the control of delivery. The roles for IL-1RAcP and IL-1RAcPb need to be determined, but may relate to different intracellular signaling pathways. © 2016 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Physiological Society and The Physiological Society.

ESHRE/ESGE female genital tract anomalies classification system-the potential impact of discarding arcuate uterus on clinical practice.

PubMed

Knez, J; Saridogan, E; Van Den Bosch, T; Mavrelos, D; Ambler, G; Jurkovic, D

2018-04-01

What would be a potential impact of implementing the new ESHRE/European Society of Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESGE) female genital anomalies classification system on the management of women with previous diagnosis of arcuate uteri based on the modified American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) criteria? A significant number of women with previous diagnosis of arcuate uteri are reclassified as having partial septate uteri according to the new ESHRE/ESGE classification system which may increase the number of remedial surgical procedures. The ESHRE/ESGE classification system has defined measurement techniques, reference points and specific cut-offs to facilitate the differentiation between normal and septate uteri. These criteria have been arbitrarily defined and they rely on the measurement of uterine wall thickness and depth of distortion of uterine fundus. This was a retrospective cohort study. We searched our ultrasound clinic database from January 2011 to December 2014 to identify all women diagnosed with arcuate uterus on three-dimensional ultrasound according to the modified ASRM criteria. For each woman, the ultrasound images were stored in our clinical database and they were re-examined according to ESHRE/ESGE specifications. The presence and location of all acquired uterine anomalies, such as fibroids or adenomyosis was noted. We applied the two diagnostic approaches as specified by the ESHRE/ESGE classification: the main option (MO) and the alternative option (AO). We used the Kappa statistic to quantify the agreement between the two approaches. We also compared the number of previous miscarriages in women with normal and partial septate uteri according to the ESHRE/ESGE classification. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for the analyses and receiver-operating characteristic curves were constructed to assess the predictive values of the calculated uterine distortion indices for the detection of women at risk of suffering

Developmental Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol A on the Uterus of Rat Offspring1

PubMed Central

Schönfelder, Gilbert; Friedrich, Karin; Paul, Martin; Chahoud, Ibrahim

2004-01-01

Abstract Exposure to estrogenic compounds during critical periods of fetal development could result in adverse effects on the development of reproductive organs that are not apparent until later in life. Bisphenol A (BPA), which is employed in the manufacture of a wide range of consumer products, is a prime candidate for endocrine disruption. We examined BPA to address the question of whether in utero exposure affects the uterus of the offspring and studied the expression and distribution of the estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ), because estrogens influence the development, growth, and function of the uterus through both receptors. Gravid Sprague-Dawley dams were administered by gavage either 0.1 or 50 mg/kg per day BPA or 0.2 mg/kg per day 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) as reference dose on gestation days 6 through 21. Female offspring were killed in estrus. Uterine morphologic changes as well as ERα and ERβ distribution and expression were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Striking morphologic changes were observed in the uterine epithelium of postpubertal offspring during estrus of the in utero BPA-treated animals (the thickness of the total epithelium was significantly reduced). ERα expression was increased in the 50-mg BPA and EE2-treated group. In contrast, we observed significantly decreased ERβ expression in all BPA- and EE2-treated animals when compared with the control. In summary, these results clearly indicate that in utero exposure of rats to BPA promotes uterine disruption in offspring. We hypothesize that the uterine disruption could possibly be provoked by a dysregulation of Erα and ERβ. PMID:15548368

Success of uterus-preserving treatments for abnormal uterine bleeding, chronic pelvic pain, and symptomatic fibroids: age and bridges to menopause.

PubMed

Learman, Lee A; Nakagawa, Sanae; Gregorich, Steven E; Jackson, Rebecca A; Jacoby, Alison; Kuppermann, Miriam

2011-03-01

The purpose of this study was to determine whether age at first uterus-preserving treatment (UPT) predicts symptom resolution among women with common pelvic problems. We conducted an analysis of 557 participants in the Study of Pelvic Problems, Hysterectomy and Intervention Alternatives cohort who reported having undergone a UPT. We performed multivariable regression modeling age at first UPT, hysterectomy, menopause, and other covariates to predict symptom resolution. Mean ± SD age at enrollment was 42.7 ± 4.7 years; mean follow-up time was 4.4 ± 2.7 years. Sixteen percent of the women underwent hysterectomy; 37% of the women entered menopause. Hysterectomy was a strong predictor of symptom resolution (P < .001). Compared with women who were younger (first UPT at age <40 years), older women reported greater symptom resolution, even after the data were controlled for hysterectomy use and menopausal status (P = .028). Women who are ≥40 years old when they undergo their first uterus-preserving treatment experience greater symptom resolution than younger women. Framing UPTs as hysterectomy alternatives may be accurate only for a subset of women who are >40 years old. Copyright © 2011 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

[Profile of sulphated glycosaminoglycans content in the murine uterus during the different phases of the estrous cycle].

PubMed

Gomes, Regina Célia Teixeira; Simões, Ricardo Santos; Soares, José Maria; Nader, Helena Bonciani; Simões, Manuel de Jesus; Baracat, Edmund C

2007-01-01

Identification and quantitation of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the uterus of female mice during the estrous cycle. Four groups (n = 10 each) of virgin, 100-day old female mice were assembled according to the estrous cycle phase: proestrus, estrus, metaestrus and diestrus. Samples of the median portion of uterine horns were processed for light microscopy examination (H/E and Alcian blue + PAS). The GAGs were extracted and characterized by agarose gel electrophoresis. Data were analyzed by the unpaired Student's t-test. At light microscopy GAGs appear in all layers of the uterus, especially in the endometrium, between collagen fibers, in the basal membrane and around fibroblasts. Biochemical analyses disclosed presence of dermatan sulphate (DS), chondroitin sulphate (CS and heparan sulphate (HS) during all estral cycle phases. There was no clear electrophoretic separation between DS and CS, thus these two GAGs were considered together (DS+CS) (proestrus = 0.854 +/- 0.192; estrus = 1.073 +/- 0.254; metaestrus = 1.003 +/- 0.255; diestrus = 0.632 +/- 0.443 microg/mg). HS was as follows: proestrus = 0.092 +/- 0.097; estrus = 0.180 +/- 0.141; metaestrus = 0.091 +/- 0.046; diestrus = 0.233 +/- 0.147 microg/mg. The uterine content of DS+CS peaked at estrus (estrogenic action) and that of HS at diestrus (progestagen action). Due to a constant turnover process, there are definite alterations in the uterine profile of GAGs content during the estrous cycle in mice, which may be modulated by female sex hormones.

Intra-patient semi-automated segmentation of the cervix-uterus in CT-images for adaptive radiotherapy of cervical cancer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luiza Bondar, M.; Hoogeman, Mischa; Schillemans, Wilco; Heijmen, Ben

2013-08-01

For online adaptive radiotherapy of cervical cancer, fast and accurate image segmentation is required to facilitate daily treatment adaptation. Our aim was twofold: (1) to test and compare three intra-patient automated segmentation methods for the cervix-uterus structure in CT-images and (2) to improve the segmentation accuracy by including prior knowledge on the daily bladder volume or on the daily coordinates of implanted fiducial markers. The tested methods were: shape deformation (SD) and atlas-based segmentation (ABAS) using two non-rigid registration methods: demons and a hierarchical algorithm. Tests on 102 CT-scans of 13 patients demonstrated that the segmentation accuracy significantly increased by including the bladder volume predicted with a simple 1D model based on a manually defined bladder top. Moreover, manually identified implanted fiducial markers significantly improved the accuracy of the SD method. For patients with large cervix-uterus volume regression, the use of CT-data acquired toward the end of the treatment was required to improve segmentation accuracy. Including prior knowledge, the segmentation results of SD (Dice similarity coefficient 85 ± 6%, error margin 2.2 ± 2.3 mm, average time around 1 min) and of ABAS using hierarchical non-rigid registration (Dice 82 ± 10%, error margin 3.1 ± 2.3 mm, average time around 30 s) support their use for image guided online adaptive radiotherapy of cervical cancer.

Intra-patient semi-automated segmentation of the cervix-uterus in CT-images for adaptive radiotherapy of cervical cancer.

PubMed

Bondar, M Luiza; Hoogeman, Mischa; Schillemans, Wilco; Heijmen, Ben

2013-08-07

For online adaptive radiotherapy of cervical cancer, fast and accurate image segmentation is required to facilitate daily treatment adaptation. Our aim was twofold: (1) to test and compare three intra-patient automated segmentation methods for the cervix-uterus structure in CT-images and (2) to improve the segmentation accuracy by including prior knowledge on the daily bladder volume or on the daily coordinates of implanted fiducial markers. The tested methods were: shape deformation (SD) and atlas-based segmentation (ABAS) using two non-rigid registration methods: demons and a hierarchical algorithm. Tests on 102 CT-scans of 13 patients demonstrated that the segmentation accuracy significantly increased by including the bladder volume predicted with a simple 1D model based on a manually defined bladder top. Moreover, manually identified implanted fiducial markers significantly improved the accuracy of the SD method. For patients with large cervix-uterus volume regression, the use of CT-data acquired toward the end of the treatment was required to improve segmentation accuracy. Including prior knowledge, the segmentation results of SD (Dice similarity coefficient 85 ± 6%, error margin 2.2 ± 2.3 mm, average time around 1 min) and of ABAS using hierarchical non-rigid registration (Dice 82 ± 10%, error margin 3.1 ± 2.3 mm, average time around 30 s) support their use for image guided online adaptive radiotherapy of cervical cancer.

Effect of tocopherol supplementation during last trimester of pregnancy on mRNA abundances of interleukins and angiogenesis in ovine placenta and uterus.

PubMed

Kasimanickam, Ramanathan K; Kasimanickam, Vanmathy R; Haldorson, Gary J; Tibary, Ahmed

2012-01-23

Interleukins (IL) play an important role in angiogenesis. Tocopherol possesses immunomodulating effect in addition to antioxidant property. The objective of this study was to determine whether gamma tocopherol's (gT) angiogenic activity in placental network is enhanced via promoting interleukins. Pregnant ewes (N=18) were supplemented, orally, with 500 mg of alpha tocopherol (aT; N=6) or 1,000 mg of gT (N=7) or placebo (CON; N=5) once daily from 107 to 137 days post breeding. Uterine and placental tissue samples were obtained at the end of supplementation to evaluate relative mRNA expressions of IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) alpha, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), kinase insert domain receptor (KDR; VGFR2; a type III receptor tyrosine kinase), and soluble fms-like tyrosine kniase-1 (sFlt1 or sVEGFR1) in uterus, caruncle and cotyledon. Oral supplementation of gT increased IL-6, IL-8, KDR and VEGF mRNA abundances whereas sFlt1 mRNA abundance was suppressed in uterus, caruncle and cotyledon, compared to aT and placebo treated ewes (P<0.05). The TNF alpha and IL-1b mRNA abundances were suppressed in uterus, caruncle and cotyledon but TNF alpha is higher in gT group compared to aT group (P<0.05), whereas IL-1b was similar between treatment groups (P>0.1). Gamma tocopherol supplementation increased IL-6, IL-8, and KDR mRNA abundances and suppressed sFlt1 and TNFalpha mRNA abundances thereby increased VEGF mRNA expression and angiogenesis in placental vascular network during late gestation. It is plausible that the angiogenic effect of gamma tocopherol in placental vascular network is exerted via an alternate path by enhancing IL-6 and IL-8.

Effect of tocopherol supplementation during last trimester of pregnancy on mRNA abundances of interleukins and angiogenesis in ovine placenta and uterus

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Interleukins (IL) play an important role in angiogenesis. Tocopherol possesses immunomodulating effect in addition to antioxidant property. The objective of this study was to determine whether gamma tocopherol's (gT) angiogenic activity in placental network is enhanced via promoting interleukins. Methods Pregnant ewes (N = 18) were supplemented, orally, with 500 mg of alpha tocopherol (aT; N = 6) or 1,000 mg of gT (N = 7) or placebo (CON; N = 5) once daily from 107 to 137 days post breeding. Uterine and placental tissue samples were obtained at the end of supplementation to evaluate relative mRNA expressions of IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) alpha, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), kinase insert domain receptor (KDR; VGFR2; a type III receptor tyrosine kinase), and soluble fms-like tyrosine kniase-1 (sFlt1 or sVEGFR1) in uterus, caruncle and cotyledon. Results Oral supplementation of gT increased IL-6, IL-8, KDR and VEGF mRNA abundances whereas sFlt1 mRNA abundance was suppressed in uterus, caruncle and cotyledon, compared to aT and placebo treated ewes (P < 0.05). The TNF alpha and IL-1b mRNA abundances were suppressed in uterus, caruncle and cotyledon but TNF alpha is higher in gT group compared to aT group (P < 0.05), whereas IL-1b was similar between treatment groups (P > 0.1). Conclusions Gamma tocopherol supplementation increased IL-6, IL-8, and KDR mRNA abundances and suppressed sFlt1 and TNFalpha mRNA abundances thereby increased VEGF mRNA expression and angiogenesis in placental vascular network during late gestation. It is plausible that the angiogenic effect of gamma tocopherol in placental vascular network is exerted via an alternate path by enhancing IL-6 and IL-8. PMID:22269218

The expression of Hedgehog genes (Ihh, Dhh) and Hedgehog target genes (Ptc1, Gli1, Coup-TfII) is affected by estrogenic stimuli in the uterus of immature female rats

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Katayama, Seiichi; Ashizawa, Koji; Gohma, Hiroshi

2006-12-15

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of estrogen receptor (ER) agonists and an ER antagonist on the expression of Hedgehog genes (Indian hedgehog: Ihh; Desert hedgehog: Dhh) and Hedgehog target genes (Patched 1: Ptc1; glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1: Gli1; chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II: Coup-TfII) in the rat uterus. Immature female rats were administered once with 17{alpha}-ethynyl estradiol (EE, an ER agonist), propyl pyrazole triole (PPT, an ER{alpha}-selective agonist), diarylpropionitrile (DPN, an ER{beta}-selective agonist), or ICI 182,780 (an ER antagonist). Expression of mRNA for Ihh, Dhh, and Ptc1 was dose-dependently downregulated by EE inmore » the uterus of immature rats, mediated by ER as confirmed by coadministration of ICI 182,780. The mRNA expression levels of Ptc1, Gli1, and Coup-TfII were simultaneously downregulated during the period in which the mRNA expression levels of Ihh and Dhh were downregulated in the uterus after administration of EE. PPT downregulated the transcription of Ihh, Dhh, Ptc1, Gli1, and Coup-TfII, indicating that expression of these genes was regulated by the ER{alpha}-dependent pathway. DPN also downregulated the transcription of Ihh and Dhh, although the effect was weaker than that of PPT, indicating that the regulation of uterine Ihh and Dhh transcription was also affected by the ER{beta}-dependent pathway. These results suggest that the expression of Hedgehog genes (Ihh, Dhh) and Hedgehog target genes (Ptc1, Gli1, Coup-TfII) is affected by estrogenic stimuli in the uterus of immature female rats.« less

Modeling intracavitary heating of the uterus by means of a balloon catheter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Olsrud, Johan; Friberg, Britt; Rioseco, Juan; Ahlgren, Mats; Persson, Bertil R. R.

1999-01-01

Balloon thermal endometrial destruction (TED) is a recently developed method to treat heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia). Numerical simulations of this treatment by use of the finite element method were performed. The mechanical deformation and the resulting stress distribution when a balloon catheter is expanded within the uterine cavity was estimated from structural analysis. Thermal analysis was then performed to estimate the depth of tissue coagulation (temperature > 55 degree(s)C) in the uterus during TED. The estimated depth of coagulation, after 30 min heating with an intracavity temperature of 75 degree(s)C, was approximately 9 mm when blood flow was disregarded. With uniform normal blood flow, the depth of coagulation decreased to 3 - 4 mm. Simulations with varying intracavity temperatures and blood flow rates showed that both parameters should be of major importance to the depth of coagulation. The influence of blood flow was less when the pressure due to the balloon was also considered (5 - 6 mm coagulation depth with normal blood flow).

Hysteroscopic metroplasty for the septate uterus with diode laser: a pilot study.

PubMed

Nappi, Luigi; Pontis, Alessandro; Sorrentino, Felice; Greco, Pantaleo; Angioni, Stefano

2016-11-01

To evaluate the feasibility and safety of office hysteroscopic metroplasty using a 980nm diode laser. 18 patients were treated for septate uterus between 2013 and 2016. The indications for hysteroscopic metroplasty were recurrent abortion in 11 of the women and primary infertility in the other seven. We used a 5mm-office hysteroscope with a diode laser fibre. After exploration of the cavity, the septum was divided with use of the laser fibre. Operating time was 13,16±1,33min. Intraoperative pain was 3,05±0,72. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. Follow-up performed 2 months after the hysteroscopic metroplasty confirmed the complete removal of the septum and no evidence of intrauterine synechiae. Office hysteroscopic metroplasty with use of a diode laser is safe and feasible; we believe that vaporization of the septum with a diode laser could reduce the formation of adhesions and consequently reduce the occurrence of septum persistence. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Alpha-tocopherol succinate increases cyclooxygenase-2 activity: Tissue-specific action in pregnant rat uterus in vitro.

PubMed

Kothencz, Anna; Hajagos-Tóth, Judit; Csányi, Adrienn; Gáspár, Róbert

2018-01-01

Lipid soluble vitamin E plays a role in several physiological mechanisms, however, the mechanism of this action is controversial. We investigated how tocopherol (α-tocopherol acid succinate) influences the effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COXi) in the smooth muscles. The contractility of the samples from 22-day-pregnant myometrium and non-pregnant myometrium and trachea was determined in an isolated organ bath in vitro. The activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX) was also measured in the tissues. Diclofenac (10 -9 -10 -5 M) and rofecoxib (10 -10 -10 -5 M) decreased the contractions in non-pregnant and 22-day-pregnant uteri. Tocopherol (10 -7 M) increased the relaxant effect only in pregnant uteri. Both diclofenac (10 -9 -10 -5 M) and rofecoxib (10 -10 -10 -5 M) reduced the tracheal tones, while they were slightly intensified by pretreatment with tocopherol (10 -7 M). Tocopherol enhanced the contractions of pregnant uteri. Tocopherol (10 -7 M) itself can induce the cyclooxygenase activity and shift the COX-1 and COX-2 ratio to COX-2. The lowest COX activity was found in non-pregnant uteri, while the highest one was in the trachea. The COX enzymes, especially COX-2, play an important role in the contraction of pregnant uteri in rat. Tocopherol has a tissue specific COX-2 activity increasing effect in pregnant rat uterus but has no such action in non-pregnant uteri or tracheal tissue. Hereby, tocopherol may intensify selectively the uterine relaxing effect of COX-2 inhibitors in preterm contractions. However, tocopherol can enhance the contractile response of pregnant uterus that may increase the risk of premature contractions. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Kinetics of oxytocin and deaminooxytocin displacement from the OXTR-receptor compartment in rat uterus ex vivo.

PubMed

Pliska, Vladimir; Jutz, Guido

2018-02-01

The oil immersion method suggested earlier by Kalsner and Nickerson for analysing actions of sympathomimetic drugs upon smooth muscle tissues was applied to isometric preparations of rat myometrium stimulated by oxytocin and deaminooxytocin. An exchange of the aqueous medium by mineral oil allows monitoring the displacement of the peptides from their receptor compartment in absence of free diffusion transport between tissue and organ medium. Exponential analysis of the data from the uterotonic decay phase allows several inferences to be drawn: 1) Transport rate constants (roughly equal for the two peptides) are higher than rate constants of (irreversible) elimination from the receptor compartment. 2) The response decay rate in the oil immersion phase is proportional solely to the peptide elimination and thus offers estimates of elimination rate constants. 3) Peptide elimination kinetics in the receptor compartment is only insignificantly influenced by the kinetics of ligand-receptor binding. 4) As expected, the elimination rate constant of deaminooxytocin is considerably lower than for oxytocin. The apparent concentration of receptors in the paracellular space of the myometrium ("apparent", since receptor molecules are embedded in the cell membrane and hence not exposed to a diffusive flux), estimated from histometric parameters, appears rather high: 7 and 120 μM for high and low affinity receptors, respectively. Concentration-response curves for rat uterus stimulated by oxytocin or deaminooxytocin indicate that only about 0.25 to 5 per cent of the available receptors are involved in eliciting a maximal uterus contraction. The remnant receptor pool is likely to behave as a receptor reserve ("spare receptors"). Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Upregulation of estrogen receptor expression in the uterus of ovariectomized B6C3F1 mice and Ishikawa cells treated with bromoethane

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aoyama, Hiroaki; Couse, John F.; Hewitt, Sylvia C.

2005-12-15

In a 2-year NTP bioassay, Bromoethane (BE) was found to induce endometrial neoplasms in the uterus of B6C3F1 mice [; ]. In women, hormonal influences, such as 'unopposed' estrogenic stimulus, have been implicated as important etiologic factors in uterine cancer. BE, however, does not affect the serum concentrations of sex hormones in female B6C3F1 mice [] and the mechanism of BE-induced uterine carcinogenesis still remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the estrogenic effects of BE on the uterus of ovariectomized B6C3F1 mice and on Ishikawa cells. Groups of 6 mice were given daily s.c. injections of 0, 100,more » 500 or 1000 mg BE/kg for 3 consecutive days. Mice treated with 17{beta}-estradiol served as positive controls. Mice were necropsied 24 h after the final injection, and uteri were weighed and examined histologically and immunohistochemically along with the vagina. Changes observed in the estrogen-treated mice included increased uterine weights, edema and inflammation of the endometrium, increased epithelial layers of the uterine and vaginal lumens and keratinization of the vaginal epithelium. In the BE-treated mice, no such changes occurred; however, immunohistochemical staining of the uterus revealed a significant increase in immunoexpression of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER{alpha}) in the two higher dose groups. Analysis of mRNA also showed slightly increased uterine ER{alpha} expression in these groups. Upregulated expression of ER{alpha} was confirmed in BE-treated Ishikawa cells, in which Western blotting analyses identified an intense signal at approximately 66 kDa, which is consistent with ER{alpha}. These data suggest that upregulated expression of ER{alpha} may be important in the induction of endometrial neoplasms in BE-treated mice.« less

Pueraria mirifica Exerts Estrogenic Effects in the Mammary Gland and Uterus and Promotes Mammary Carcinogenesis in Donryu Rats

PubMed Central

Kakehashi, Anna; Yoshida, Midori; Tago, Yoshiyuki; Ishii, Naomi; Okuno, Takahiro; Gi, Min; Wanibuchi, Hideki

2016-01-01

Pueraria mirifica (PM), a plant whose dried and powdered tuberous roots are now widely used in rejuvenating preparations to promote youthfulness in both men and women, may have major estrogenic influence. In this study, we investigated modifying effects of PM at various doses on mammary and endometrial carcinogenesis in female Donryu rats. Firstly, PM administered to ovariectomized animals at doses of 0.03%, 0.3%, and 3% in a phytoestrogen-low diet for 2 weeks caused significant increase in uterus weight. Secondly, a 4 week PM application to non-operated rats at a dose of 3% after 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) initiation resulted in significant elevation of cell proliferation in the mammary glands. In a third experiment, postpubertal administration of 0.3% (200 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day) PM to 5-week-old non-operated animals for 36 weeks following initiation of mammary and endometrial carcinogenesis with DMBA and N-ethyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG), respectively, resulted in significant increase of mammary adenocarcinoma incidence. A significant increase of endometrial atypical hyperplasia multiplicity was also observed. Furthermore, PM at doses of 0.3%, and more pronouncedly, at 1% induced dilatation, hemorrhage and inflammation of the uterine wall. In conclusion, postpubertal long-term PM administration to Donryu rats exerts estrogenic effects in the mammary gland and uterus, and at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w./day was found to promote mammary carcinogenesis initiated by DMBA. PMID:27827907

Pueraria mirifica Exerts Estrogenic Effects in the Mammary Gland and Uterus and Promotes Mammary Carcinogenesis in Donryu Rats.

PubMed

Kakehashi, Anna; Yoshida, Midori; Tago, Yoshiyuki; Ishii, Naomi; Okuno, Takahiro; Gi, Min; Wanibuchi, Hideki

2016-11-04

Pueraria mirifica (PM), a plant whose dried and powdered tuberous roots are now widely used in rejuvenating preparations to promote youthfulness in both men and women, may have major estrogenic influence. In this study, we investigated modifying effects of PM at various doses on mammary and endometrial carcinogenesis in female Donryu rats. Firstly, PM administered to ovariectomized animals at doses of 0.03%, 0.3%, and 3% in a phytoestrogen-low diet for 2 weeks caused significant increase in uterus weight. Secondly, a 4 week PM application to non-operated rats at a dose of 3% after 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) initiation resulted in significant elevation of cell proliferation in the mammary glands. In a third experiment, postpubertal administration of 0.3% (200 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day) PM to 5-week-old non-operated animals for 36 weeks following initiation of mammary and endometrial carcinogenesis with DMBA and N -ethyl- N '-nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine (ENNG), respectively, resulted in significant increase of mammary adenocarcinoma incidence. A significant increase of endometrial atypical hyperplasia multiplicity was also observed. Furthermore, PM at doses of 0.3%, and more pronouncedly, at 1% induced dilatation, hemorrhage and inflammation of the uterine wall. In conclusion, postpubertal long-term PM administration to Donryu rats exerts estrogenic effects in the mammary gland and uterus, and at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w./day was found to promote mammary carcinogenesis initiated by DMBA.

Effects of several potassium channel openers and glibenclamide on the uterus of the rat.

PubMed Central

Piper, I.; Minshall, E.; Downing, S. J.; Hollingsworth, M.; Sadraei, H.

1990-01-01

1. The ability of several potassium (K+) channel openers to inhibit spasm of the uterus of the nonpregnant rat and their susceptibility to antagonism by glibenclamide was assessed in vitro and in vivo. 2. In the isolated uterus exposed to oxytocin (0.2 nM), cromakalim, RP 49356 and pinacidil were of similar potency (mean pD2 = 6.4, 6.0 and 6.2 respectively) while minoxidil sulphate was of lower potency (pD2 = 4.7). Glibenclamide antagonized cromakalim and RP 49356 with the interactions consistent with competitive antagonism (mean pA2 of 6.57 and 7.00 respectively). Glibenclamide also antagonized pinacidil (pA2 = 6.22) but the slope of the Schild plot was significantly greater than -1. Neither salbutamol nor minoxidil sulphate was antagonized by glibenclamide (10 microM). 3. Cromakalim (1 and 10 microM), RP 49356 (1 and 10 microM), pinacidil (1 microM) and minoxidil sulphate (100 microM) suppressed spasm evoked by low (less than 40 mM) but not high (greater than or equal to 40 mM) KCl concentrations. Glibenclamide (10 microM) prevented cromakalim (10 microM)-, RP 49356 (10 microM)- and pinacidil (10 microM)-induced suppression of KCl (20 mM)-evoked spasm. Pinacidil (10 and 100 microM), cromakalim (100 microM) and salbutamol (0.01-1 microM) inhibited spasm evoked by all concentrations of KCl (10-80 mM). Suppression of spasm evoked by KCl (10-80 mM) by cromakalim (100 microM) and pinacidil (100 microM) was insensitive to glibenclamide (10 microM). 4. Cromakalim (0.1 mg kg-1) and RP 49356 (0.1 mg kg-1), given by i.v. bolus injection, inhibited uterine contractions, produced a fall in blood pressure and a slight tachycardia in the conscious ovariectomized rat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID:2128195

Induction of proliferative lesions of the uterus, testes, and liver in swiss mice given repeated injections of sodium arsenate: possible estrogenic mode of action.

PubMed

Waalkes, M P; Keefer, L K; Diwan, B A

2000-07-01

Inorganic arsenic (As) is a human carcinogen but has not been unequivocally proven carcinogenic in rodents. For instance, one older study indicates that repeated iv injections of sodium arsenate might induce lymphomas in Swiss mice (58% incidence) (Osswald and Goerttler, Verh. Dtsch. Ges. Pathol. 55, 289-293, 1971), but it was considered inadequate for critical evaluation of carcinogenic potential largely because of issues in experimental design. Therefore, we studied repeated iv sodium arsenate injection and neoplastic response in male and female Swiss mice. Groups (n = 25) of mice received sodium arsenate (0.5 mg/kg, iv) or saline (control) once/week for 20 weeks and were observed for a total of 96 weeks when the study ended. Differences in survival and body weights were unremarkable. In females, arsenate induced marked increases in the incidence and severity of cystic hyperplasia of the uterus compared against controls. Arsenate also was associated with a rare adenocarcinoma of the uterus. Hyperplastic uterine epithelium from arsenate-exposed animals showed strong positive immunostaining for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). There was also an upregulation of estrogen receptor (ER) immunoreactive protein in the early lesions of uterine luminal and glandular hyperplasia, although a progressive decrease in its expression was seen in the severe hyperplastic or neoplastic epithelium. In common with the preneoplastic and neoplastic gynecological lesions in humans, the levels of immunoreactive inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and 3-nitrotyrosine-containing proteins were greater in the uterine hyperplastic epidermis and their intensity was positively correlated with the severity of the lesions. Arsenate-induced uterine hyperplastic lesions also showed a strong upregulation of cyclin D1, an estrogen-associated gene product essential for progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. In other tissues, arsenate increased testicular interstitial cell

Regulation of immune cells in the uterus during pregnancy in ruminants.

PubMed

Hansen, P J

2007-03-01

Pregnancy results in a change in number and function of immune cells in utero that potentially affects fetal survival and uterine defense mechanisms postpartum. These changes are driven by local signals from the conceptus as well as from hormonal changes mediated by the placenta or maternal system. In sheep, for example, macrophages accumulate in the uterine endometrium during pregnancy (Tekin and Hansen, 2004). Use of a unilaterally pregnant model, in which pregnancy is surgically confined to 1 uterine horn, has revealed that accumulation of macrophages is due to systemic signals (numbers of cells in the nonpregnant uterine horn of the unilaterally pregnant ewe higher than amounts in uteri of nonpregnant ewes) and locally produced signals (number of cells in the uterus of unilaterally ligated ewes higher in the pregnant horn than in the nonpregnant horn; Tekin and Hansen, 2004). Gamma-delta T cells also accumulate in uterine epithelium during pregnancy as a result of unidentified systemic signals (Lee et al., 1992; Majewski et al., 2001). These cells may participate in growth of the conceptus, immunosuppression, or placental detachment at parturition. One of the key regulators of uterine immune function is progesterone. In sheep, progesterone can block tissue graft rejection in utero when injected to achieve concentrations too low to directly inhibit lymphocyte proliferation (Majewski and Hansen, 2002; Padua et al., 2005). Progesterone probably inhibits uterine immune responses in sheep indirectly by inducing secretion of a member of the serine proteinase inhibitor family called uterine serpin from the endometrial epithelium. Uterine serpin can block lymphocyte proliferation in vitro in sheep (Peltier et al., 2000) and natural killer cell-mediated abortion in vivo in mice (Liu and Hansen, 1993). Uterine serpin is also present in cattle, goats, and pigs, but its role in immune function in these species has not been documented. The relevance of changes in uterine

Survey of Attitudes toward Uterus Transplantation among Japanese Women of Reproductive Age: A Cross-Sectional Study

PubMed Central

Kisu, Iori; Banno, Kouji; Soeda, Etsuko; Kurihara, Yuki; Okushima, Miho; Yamaguchi, Ami; Nakagawa, Eriko; Umene, Kiyoko; Aoki, Daisuke

2016-01-01

Objective Uterus transplantation (UTx) is a potential option for women with uterine factor infertility to have a child, but there has been no large-scale survey of the views on UTx in women of reproductive age in Japan. The present study was aimed to clarify the views of Japanese women of reproductive age on UTx for uterine factor infertility. Methods A questionnaire on UTx was conducted by an Internet research company in December 2014 as a cross-sectional study in 3,892 randomly chosen women aged 25 to 39 years old. Responses were analyzed from 3,098 subjects (mean age 32.1±4.2 years old), after exclusion of inappropriate respondents in screening. Results Of the respondents, 62.1%, 34.7% and 18.1% favored adoption, UTx and gestational surrogacy, respectively. In contrast, 7.0%, 21.9% and 63.3% opposed adoption, UTx and gestational surrogacy, respectively. In choices of candidates for UTx based on highest priority, deceased persons (33.8%) and mothers (19.0%) were favored as donors, and women with congenital absence of the uterus (54.4%) and hysterectomy due to a malignant uterine tumor (20.0%) as recipients. Regarding societal acceptance of UTx, the answer rates were 15.7% for "UTx should be permitted", 77.6% for "UTx should be permitted with discussion", and 6.7% for "UTx should not be permitted, even with discussion". Regarding personal opinions on UTx, 44.2% were in favor, 47.5% had no opinion, and 8.3% were against. Conclusion Our results suggest that many Japanese women of reproductive age feel that UTx is socially and individually acceptable, but that concerns requiring further discussion remain among these women. There was also a tendency for UTx to be viewed more favorably than gestational surrogacy. PMID:27203855

Survey of Attitudes toward Uterus Transplantation among Japanese Women of Reproductive Age: A Cross-Sectional Study.

PubMed

Kisu, Iori; Banno, Kouji; Soeda, Etsuko; Kurihara, Yuki; Okushima, Miho; Yamaguchi, Ami; Nakagawa, Eriko; Umene, Kiyoko; Aoki, Daisuke

2016-01-01

Uterus transplantation (UTx) is a potential option for women with uterine factor infertility to have a child, but there has been no large-scale survey of the views on UTx in women of reproductive age in Japan. The present study was aimed to clarify the views of Japanese women of reproductive age on UTx for uterine factor infertility. A questionnaire on UTx was conducted by an Internet research company in December 2014 as a cross-sectional study in 3,892 randomly chosen women aged 25 to 39 years old. Responses were analyzed from 3,098 subjects (mean age 32.1±4.2 years old), after exclusion of inappropriate respondents in screening. Of the respondents, 62.1%, 34.7% and 18.1% favored adoption, UTx and gestational surrogacy, respectively. In contrast, 7.0%, 21.9% and 63.3% opposed adoption, UTx and gestational surrogacy, respectively. In choices of candidates for UTx based on highest priority, deceased persons (33.8%) and mothers (19.0%) were favored as donors, and women with congenital absence of the uterus (54.4%) and hysterectomy due to a malignant uterine tumor (20.0%) as recipients. Regarding societal acceptance of UTx, the answer rates were 15.7% for "UTx should be permitted", 77.6% for "UTx should be permitted with discussion", and 6.7% for "UTx should not be permitted, even with discussion". Regarding personal opinions on UTx, 44.2% were in favor, 47.5% had no opinion, and 8.3% were against. Our results suggest that many Japanese women of reproductive age feel that UTx is socially and individually acceptable, but that concerns requiring further discussion remain among these women. There was also a tendency for UTx to be viewed more favorably than gestational surrogacy.

Altered Gene Expression Patterns During the Initiation and Promotion Stages of Neonatally Diethylstilbestrol-Induced Hyperplasia/Dysplasia/Neoplasia in the Hamster Uterus

PubMed Central

Hendry, William J.; Hariri, Hussam Y.; Alwis, Imala D.; Gunewardena, Sumedha S.; Hendry, Isabel R.

2014-01-01

Neonatal treatment of hamsters with diethylstilbestrol (DES) induces uterine hyperplasia/dysplasia/neoplasia (endometrial adenocarcinoma) in adult animals. We subsequently determined that the neonatal DES exposure event directly and permanently disrupts the developing hamster uterus (initiation stage) so that it responds abnormally when it is stimulated with estrogen in adulthood (promotion stage). To identify candidate molecular elements involved in progression of the disruption/neoplastic process, we performed: 1) immunoblot analyses and 2) microarray profiling (Affymetrix Gene Chip System) on sets of uterine protein and RNA extracts, respectively, and 3) immunohistochemical analysis on uterine sections; all from both initiation stage and promotion stage groups of animals. Here we report that: 1) progression of the neonatal DES-induced hyperplasia/dysplasia/neoplasia phenomenon in the hamster uterus involves a wide spectrum of specific gene expression alterations and 2) the gene products involved and their manner of altered expression differ dramatically during the initiation vs. promotion stages of the phenomenon. Particularly interesting changes included members in the functional categories of nuclear receptors (progesterone receptor), cell-cell interactions (E-cadherin, connexins), cytokine action (IRF-1, Stat5A), growth factor action (IRS-1), extracellular matrix component (tenascin-C), transcription factors (Nrf2, Sp1), and multi-functional nuclear protein (SAFB1). PMID:25242112

Potencies of agonists acting at tachykinin receptors in the oestrogen-primed rat uterus: effects of peptidase inhibitors.

PubMed

Fisher, L; Pennefather, J N

1997-09-24

The uterotonic potencies of the naturally occurring mammalian tachykinins and the synthetic subtype-selective agonist analogues of these agents [Lys5,MeLeu9,Nlel0]neurokinin A-(4-10) and [Nle10]neurokinin A-(4-10) (tachykinin NK2 receptor-selective), [Sar9,Met(O2)11]substance P (tachykinin NK1 receptor-selective) and senktide (tachykinin NK3 receptor-selective) were determined using preparations from oestradiol-treated rats. The endopeptidase 24.11 inhibitor, N-[N-[1-(S)-carboxyl-3-phenylpropyl]-(S)-phenyl-alanyl-(S)-isoserine+ ++ (SCH 39370), potentiated responses to neurokinin A, neurokinin B and substance P, but not to [Lys5,MeLeu9,Nle10)]neurokinin A-(4-10) or senktide. [Nle10]neurokinin A-(4-10) effects were potentiated by SCH 39370 with amastatin and those to [Sar9,Met(O2)11]substance P were potentiated by SCH 39370 and captopril in combination. In the presence of optimal concentrations of peptidase inhibitors the relative order of agonist potency was: neurokinin A > substance P > neurokinin B for the naturally occurring mammalian tachykinins and [Lys5,MeLeu9,Nle10]neurokinin A-(4-10) > [Nle10]neurokinin A-(4-10) > [Sar9,Met(O2)11]substance P > senktide for the synthetic tachykinin analogues. Thus, while a tachykinin NK2 receptor predominates in the oestrogen-primed uterus, a tachykinin NK1 receptor may also be present. The non-peptide tachykinin NK3 receptor antagonist, SR 142801, did not antagonise the effects of senktide suggesting that tachykinin NK3 receptors do not mediate its relatively minor effect on the uterus of the oestrogen-primed rat.

Pulse of inflammatory proteins in the pregnant uterus of European polecats (Mustela putorius) leading to the time of implantation.

PubMed

Lindeberg, Heli; Burchmore, Richard J S; Kennedy, Malcolm W

2017-03-01

Uterine secretory proteins protect the uterus and conceptuses against infection, facilitate implantation, control cellular damage resulting from implantation, and supply pre-implantation embryos with nutrients. Unlike in humans, the early conceptus of the European polecat ( Mustela putorius ; ferret) grows and develops free in the uterus until implanting at about 12 days after mating. We found that the proteins appearing in polecat uteri changed dramatically with time leading to implantation. Several of these proteins have also been found in pregnant uteri of other eutherian mammals. However, we found a combination of two increasingly abundant proteins that have not been recorded before in pre-placentation uteri. First, the broad-spectrum proteinase inhibitor α 2 -macroglobulin rose to dominate the protein profile by the time of implantation. Its functions may be to limit damage caused by the release of proteinases during implantation or infection, and to control other processes around sites of implantation. Second, lipocalin-1 (also known as tear lipocalin) also increased substantially in concentration. This protein has not previously been recorded as a uterine secretion in pregnancy in any species. If polecat lipocalin-1 has similar biological properties to that of humans, then it may have a combined function in antimicrobial protection and transporting or scavenging lipids. The changes in the uterine secretory protein repertoire of European polecats is therefore unusual, and may be representative of pre-placentation supportive uterine secretions in mustelids (otters, weasels, badgers, mink, wolverines) in general.

Phytochemical characteristic and uterotonic effect of aqueous extract of Ficus deltoidea leaves in rats uterus.

PubMed

Amiera, Z Umi Romaizatul; Nihayah, M; Wahida, I Farah; Rajab, N F

2014-09-01

Ficus deltoidea is traditionally consumed by Malay woman to augment labour and hastening parturition. This study was to investigate the phytochemical present and uterotonic activity of F. deltoidea var. Deltoidea (FDD) and F. deltoidea var. Angustifolia (FDA) leaves aqueous extract. FDD and FDA were qualitatively analysed. In uterine contraction activity, adult female Sprague Dawley rats were pretreated with 0.2 mg kg(-1) diethylstilbestrol 24 h to induce oestrus phase. The rats then killed and uterine horns were taken out, cut into two centimetres length and put into organ bath that connected to Powerlab instrument. The uterus separately tested with cumulative concentrations of FDD (10-1280 μg mL(-1)), FDA (10-1280 μg mL(-1)), oxytocin (0.02-0.64 μg mL(-1)) and combination of oxytocin (0.08 μg mL(-1)) with FDD and FDA (10-1280 μg mL(-1)). FDD showed presence of flavonoid, saponin and tannin meanwhile FDA consist of flavonoid, tannin and terpenoid. Result showed FDD, FDA and oxytocin induced a dose-related increase in force of contraction of isolated rat uterus. The maximum uterine contraction (Emax) produced by FDD, FDA and oxytocin were at the concentration 640 μg mL(-1) (EC50, 5.903 ± 0.529 μg mL), 20 μg mL(-1) (EC50, 290.5 ± 0.158 μg mL(-1)) and 0.4 μg mL(-1) (EC50, 0.060 ± 0.011 μg mL(-1)) respectively. Combination effects of oxytocin with FDD and FDA produced Emax at the concentration 80 μg mL(-1) (EC50, 270.3 ± 0.643 μg mL(-1)) and 1280 μg mL(-1) (EC50, 26.83 ± 0.727 μg mL(-1)), respectively. Study indicated F. deltoidea possess contractile effect on uterine contraction. This plant has great potential to develop as natural uterotonic agent in inducing labour and treatment for post-partum haemorrhage.

Zinc and magnesium in the uterus of the pregnant and pseudopregnant mouse and the effects of Mg2+ ions on uterine alkaline phosphatase.

PubMed

Buxton, L E; Murdoch, R N

1981-01-01

The levels of zinc and magnesium in the mouse uterus during early pregnancy and pseudopregnancy were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy techniques. The total zinc and magnesium content of the uterus increased between days 5 and 12 of pregnancy and between days 5 and 9 of content of the pseudopregnancy when decidual cells were present. However, the metals were not accumulated at a rate sufficient to match increases in uterine weight and constant concentrations (micrograms of metals per gram wet weight ot tissue) were not maintained over the various reproductive stages studied. The accumulation of the metals was associated with the presence of decidual cells, and non-decidualized horns of pseudopregnant mice failed to increase their total content of zinc and magnesium between days 5 and 9. The magnesium content of each uterus was usually between 5- and 13-fold greater than the total zinc content. mg2+ in low concentration (0-2mM) stimulated both the pyrophosphatase and orthophosphatase activities of purified preparations of the mouse uterine metalloenzyme, alkaline phosphatase. Higher concentrations (up to 8 mM) of the cation decreased pyrophosphatase activity but did not alter orthophosphatase activity. Mg/+ was more effective, however, in increasing the orthophosphatase activity of the enzyme and its stimulating effects in this case were greater in carbonate-bicarbonate buffer than in glycine-NaOH buffer. Mg2+ did not significantly influence apparent Km values or the response of the enzyme to changes in temperature. Zn2+, however, was required to maintain the stability of alkaline phosphatase apoenzyme preparations. It was concluded that during normal pregnancy and pseudopregnancy zinc and magnesium would always be present in amounts considerably greater than those required to saturate alkaline phosphatase for full catalytic activity. Thus, while the metals exert major effects on the activity and stability of the enzyme in vitro, they may not be major

Parameters of Microcirculation in the Broad Ligament of the Uterus in Wistar Rats after Injection of Autologous Biomedical Cell Product.

PubMed

Dergacheva, T I; Lykov, A P; Shurlygina, A V; Starkova, E V; Poveshchenko, O V; Bondarenko, N A; Kim, I I; Tenditnik, M V; Borodin, Yu I; Konenkov, V I

2015-10-01

We studied the effects of autologous biomedical cell product (bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and their conditioned media) on the parameters of the microcirculatory bed in the broad ligament of the uterus of normal Wistar rats were studied. The parameters of microcirculation and lymph drainage in the broad ligament changed in opposite directions in response to injection of autologous biomedical cell product via different routes. This fact should be taken into consideration when prescribing cell therapy for inflammatory degenerative processes in the pelvic organs.

Increase in milk and body temperature of cows as a sign of embryo entry into the uterus.

PubMed

Gil, Z; Kural, J; Szarek, J; Wierzchoś, E

2001-09-01

The objective of the first stage of these studies was to investigate whether temperature increases in the milk and body of cows during the early period of pregnancy. We studied 94 pregnant and 116 nonpregnant cows, and the temperatures were measured daily beginning 24 days after insemination. In addition, progesterone levels in milk were measured twice (on Days 21 and 24 after insemination), and examinations per rectum were conducted to determine pregnancy. Data analysis showed that in almost 90% of the pregnant cows milk temperature increased by 0.64 degrees C some time between Days 5 and 12 after insemination. This increase in milk temperature was highly significant and corresponded with a 0.46 degrees C increase in body temperature. There was no increase in the milk or body temperature in nonpregnant cows. After discovering in the first stage that a high percentage of pregnant cows experienced both milk and body temperature increases, we focused our attention in the second stage of the study on the question of whether this increase in temperatures might be due to an immune response of the mother to the entry of the embryo into the uterus. In this stage we conducted three different experiments on another group of animals consisting of 309 cows and heifers. The experiments included analysis of progesterone, estradiol, cortisol and PGE2 levels in the blood serum of the cows and heifers; an estimation of the pyrogenic activity of PGE1, PGE2 and progesterone; and measurements of body temperature in the heifers before and after embryo transfer. The results of these experiments suggested that an increase in milk and body temperature could be an indicator of an immune response of the mother to the entry of the embryo into the uterus.

Expression of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the corpus luteum and uterus from non-pregnant and pregnant llamas.

PubMed

Powell, Susan A; Smith, Bradford B; Timm, Karen I; Menino, Alfred R

2007-08-01

Because estrogen may be involved in maternal recognition of pregnancy and embryonic migration in llamas, expression of estrogen receptor subtypes alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta) was evaluated in corpus luteum (CL), endometrium, and uterus using relative RT-PCR. Tissues were recovered from sterile-mated (SM) and pregnant (PG) females during Days 7-11 and 7-13 (Day 0 = day of mating), respectively, and follicular phase and juvenile females. Luteal expression of ERalpha and beta was similar (P > 0.10) in SM and PG females and within Days 7-11, however, expression of ERalpha in ovarian tissue from follicular phase females was greater (P < 0.05) than Days 7 and 9 CL. Uterus expressed less ERalpha and beta compared to endometrium (P = 0.07 and P < 0.01, respectively). Expression of ERalpha was greater (P < 0.05) in Day 7 and follicular phase uteri than Days 9 and 11, Day 13 PG and juvenile uteri. Uterine ERbeta expression was greater (P = 0.09) in PG versus SM females and in mated compared to follicular phase females (P < 0.05). Endometrial expression of ERalpha and beta did not differ (P > 0.10) between SM and PG females or by day. The presence of luteal ER during this period may mean a role for estradiol in maternal recognition of pregnancy. Observed increases in uterine ER expression with no changes in endometrium suggest expression increased in myometrium and/or perimetrium. Upregulation of myometrial ERbeta in PG females may be involved in supporting uterine migration of the embryo.

Evaluation of the peripheral dose to uterus in breast carcinoma radiotherapy.

PubMed

Martín Rincón, C; Jerez Sainz, I; Modolell Farré, I; España López, M L; López Franco, P; Muñiz, J L; Romero, A M; Rodríguez, R

2002-01-01

The absorbed dose outside of the direct fields of radiotherapy treatment (or peripheral dose, PD) is responsible for radiation exposure of the fetus in pregnant women. Because the radiological protection of the unborn child is of particular concern in the early period of the pregnancy, the aim of this study is to estimate the PD in order to assess the absorbed dose in the uterus in a pregnant patient irradiated for breast carcinoma therapy. The treatment was simulated on an Alderson-Rando anthropomorphic phantom, and the radiation dose to the fetus was measured using an ionisation chamber and thermoluminescence dosemeters. Two similar treatments plans with and without wedges were delivered, using a 6 MV photon beam with two isocentric opposite tangential fields with a total dose of 50 Gy, in accordance with common established procedures. Average field parameters for more than 300 patients were studied. Measurements showed the fetal dose to be slightly lower than 50 mGy, a level at which the risk to the fetus is uncertain, although several authors consider this value as the dose threshold for deterministic effects. The planning system (PS) underestimated PD values and no significant influence was found with the use of wedge filters.

Enterobius vermicularis in the Endometrium of the Uterus: A Case Report

PubMed Central

PIGAC, Biserka; MAŠIĆ, Silvija; MAŠIĆ, Valentina

2017-01-01

Enterobius vermicularis is an intestinal nematode of humans and the most common helminth infection. Main transmission path is direct contact between infected and uninfected person meaning ingestion of the eggs. Human infections are usually asymptomatic or manifest as perianal itching. Although ectopic locations are uncommon, Enterobius can occasionally be detected in appendix, kidney, male urinary tract and female genital tract. We present a case from Varaždin General Hospital, Varaždin, Croatia in 2012, involving a 90-yr-old female patient who underwent hysterectomy leading to accidental finding of E. vermicularis in the uterus despite being asymptomatic for enterobiasis. Since there were no signs and symptoms of parasitic infection, no antiparasitic drugs were administered. Parasite was not observed during macroscopic examination, yet microscopic examination of the material demonstrated helminth within endometrium surrounded by dense inflammatory infiltrate, predominantly lymphocytes and some eosinophils. Internal structures of the parasite were collapsed, while well-developed musculature and cuticle were preserved. We present this case to educate and remind physicians on this parasitosis as possible diagnosis. Although non-gastrointestinal locations of Enterobius infestation are rare, this infection should be considered in patients with abdominal pain, genitourinary symptoms, and pelvic pain in order to apply appropriate treatment and prevent further complications. PMID:29317890

Enterobius vermicularis in the Endometrium of the Uterus: A Case Report.

PubMed

Pigac, Biserka; Mašić, Silvija; Mašić, Valentina

2017-01-01

Enterobius vermicularis is an intestinal nematode of humans and the most common helminth infection. Main transmission path is direct contact between infected and uninfected person meaning ingestion of the eggs. Human infections are usually asymptomatic or manifest as perianal itching. Although ectopic locations are uncommon, Enterobius can occasionally be detected in appendix, kidney, male urinary tract and female genital tract. We present a case from Varaždin General Hospital, Varaždin, Croatia in 2012, involving a 90-yr-old female patient who underwent hysterectomy leading to accidental finding of E. vermicularis in the uterus despite being asymptomatic for enterobiasis. Since there were no signs and symptoms of parasitic infection, no antiparasitic drugs were administered. Parasite was not observed during macroscopic examination, yet microscopic examination of the material demonstrated helminth within endometrium surrounded by dense inflammatory infiltrate, predominantly lymphocytes and some eosinophils. Internal structures of the parasite were collapsed, while well-developed musculature and cuticle were preserved. We present this case to educate and remind physicians on this parasitosis as possible diagnosis. Although non-gastrointestinal locations of Enterobius infestation are rare, this infection should be considered in patients with abdominal pain, genitourinary symptoms, and pelvic pain in order to apply appropriate treatment and prevent further complications.

Optimal management for surgically Stage 1 serous cancer of the uterus.

PubMed

Elit, L; Kwon, J; Bentley, J; Trim, K; Ackerman, I; Carey, M

2004-01-01

To describe the outcomes of patients who have undergone well-conducted surgery and found to have Stage 1 serous uterine cancer. This retrospective cohort study includes women who have been treated for Stage 1 serous cancer of the uterus from 1985 to 2001. Cases were included from the regional cancer centers in Hamilton, London, Sunnybrook Toronto and Cancer Care Manitoba. Forty-three women met the inclusion criteria: Complete surgical staging (n = 27), surgery followed by pelvic radiation therapy (n = 4), surgery followed by whole abdominal radiation therapy (n = 6), surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 6). Patient age or depth of invasion did not influence survival. Progression free interval was 22 months (SD = 14.29). Recurrence rate was highest for adjuvant chemotherapy (66%). Survival was assessed by treatment modality and a statistically significant poorer survival was seen in the adjuvant chemotherapy group (OR 17.5; 95% CI 1.3-227.6). No comment can be made on a superior treatment regimen given the small numbers in each treatment strata. This study supports the findings of others in the literature. In a group of patients where surgical staging shows limited disease (i.e., surgically Stage 1 disease), then surgery alone appears to be adequate treatment.

EMMPRIN (CD147) Expression in Smooth Muscle Tumors of the Uterus.

PubMed

Kefeli, Mehmet; Yildiz, Levent; Gun, Seda; Ozen, Fatma Z; Karagoz, Filiz

2016-01-01

Smooth muscle tumors of the uterus are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gynecologic tract. The vast majority of these are benign leiomyomas that present no diagnostic difficulty. Because some benign smooth muscle tumors may degenerate and uncommon variants exist, the diagnosis can be challenging in some cases. The goal of this research was to investigate EMMPRIN expression in leiomyomas, leiomyoma variants, and leiomyosarcomas (LMS) to determine whether it has a potential role in differential diagnosis. EMMPRIN expression was investigated with immunohistochemistry in 103 uterine smooth muscle tumors, which included 19 usual leiomyomas, 52 leiomyoma variants, and 32 LMS. They were evaluated on the basis of staining extent, intensity, and also their combined score, and the groups were compared. EMMPRIN expression was present in 3 of 19 (15.7%) usual leiomyomas, 23 of 52 (44.3%) leiomyoma variants, and 28 of 32 (87.5%) LMS. There were statistically significant differences in staining extent and intensity, and also for their combined scores, between the LMS and benign groups. Although uterine smooth muscle tumors are usually diagnosed easily with conventional diagnostic criteria, the differentiation of LMS from some variants of leiomyoma can be challenging based soley on morphology. EMMPRIN may be a valuable immunohistochemical marker for differentiating LMS from benign smooth muscle tumors in problematic cases.

Monte-Carlo based assessment of MAGIC, MAGICAUG, PAGATUG and PAGATAUG polymer gel dosimeters for ovaries and uterus organ dosimetry in brachytherapy, nuclear medicine and Tele-therapy.

PubMed

Adinehvand, Karim; Rahatabad, Fereidoun Nowshiravan

2018-06-01

Calculation of 3D dose distribution during radiotherapy and nuclear medicine helps us for better treatment of sensitive organs such as ovaries and uterus. In this research, we investigate two groups of normoxic dosimeters based on meta-acrylic acid (MAGIC and MAGICAUG) and polyacrylamide (PAGATUG and PAGATAUG) for brachytherapy, nuclear medicine and Tele-therapy in their sensitive and critical role as organ dosimeters. These polymer gel dosimeters are compared with soft tissue while irradiated by different energy photons in therapeutic applications. This comparison has been simulated by Monte-Carlo based MCNPX code. ORNL phantom-Female has been used to model the critical organs of kidneys, ovaries and uterus. Right kidney is proposed to be the source of irradiation and another two organs are exposed to this irradiation. Effective atomic numbers of soft tissue, MAGIC, MAGICAUG, PAGATUG and PAGATAUG are 6.86, 7.07, 6.95, 7.28, and 7.07 respectively. Results show the polymer gel dosimeters are comparable to soft tissue for using in nuclear medicine and Tele-therapy. Differences between gel dosimeters and soft tissue are defined as the dose responses. This difference is less than 4.1%, 22.6% and 71.9% for Tele-therapy, nuclear medicine and brachytherapy respectively. The results approved that gel dosimeters are the best choice for ovaries and uterus in nuclear medicine and Tele-therapy respectively. Due to the slight difference between the effective atomic numbers of these polymer gel dosimeters and soft tissue, these polymer gels are not suitable for brachytherapy since the dependence of photon interaction to atomic number, for low energy brachytherapy, had been so effective. Also this dependence to atomic number, decrease for photoelectric and increase for Compton. Therefore polymer gel dosimeters are not a good alternative to soft tissue replacement in brachytherapy. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Accumulation of nerve growth factor and its receptors in the uterus and dorsal root ganglia in a mouse model of adenomyosis.

PubMed

Li, Yan; Zhang, Shao-fen; Zou, Shi-en; Xia, Xian; Bao, Lei

2011-03-08

Adenomyosis is a common gynecological disease, which is accompanied by a series of immunological and neuroendocrinological changes. Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a critical role in producing pain, neural plasticity, immunocyte aggregation and release of inflammatory factors. This study aimed to investigate the expression of NGF and its two receptors in uteri and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in an adenomyosis mouse model, as well as their relationship with the severity of adenomyosis. Forty newborn ICR mice were randomly divided into the adenomyosis model group and control group (n = 20 in each group). Mice in the adenomyosis model group were orally dosed with 2.7 μmol/kg tamoxifen on days 2-5 after birth. Experiments were conducted to identify the expression of NGF- beta and its receptors, tyrosine kinase receptor (trkA) and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), in the uterus and DRG in four age groups (90+/-5 d, 140+/-5 d, 190+/-5 d and 240+/-5 d; n = 5 mice in each group) by western bolt, immunochemistry and real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Adenomyosis, which became more serious as age increased, was successfully induced in dosed ICR mice. NGF-beta, trkA and p75NTR protein levels in the uterus and trkA mRNA levels in DRG were higher in the older aged adenomyosis model group than those in controls (190+/-5 d and 240+/-5 d groups, P < 0.05). The expression of NGF-beta and its receptors in the uterus increased gradually as age increased for adenomyosis mice (190+/-5 d and 240+/-5 d, P < 0.05, compared with 90+/-5 d) but it showed little change in control mice. The mRNA level of trkA in DRG also increased as age increased in the adenomyosis model group (190+/-5 d and 240+/-5 d, P < 0.05, compared with 90+/-5 d) but was unchanged in controls. The mRNA level of p75NTR in DRG was not different between the adenomyosis and control groups and was stable from young to old mice. NGF- beta can be used as an indicator for the severity of adenomyosis

More Accurate Definition of Clinical Target Volume Based on the Measurement of Microscopic Extensions of the Primary Tumor Toward the Uterus Body in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Ib-IIa Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xie, Wen-Jia; Wu, Xiao; Xue, Ren-Liang

Purpose: To more accurately define clinical target volume for cervical cancer radiation treatment planning by evaluating tumor microscopic extension toward the uterus body (METU) in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage Ib-IIa squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCCC). Patients and Methods: In this multicenter study, surgical resection specimens from 318 cases of stage Ib-IIa SCCC that underwent radical hysterectomy were included. Patients who had undergone preoperative chemotherapy, radiation, or both were excluded from this study. Microscopic extension of primary tumor toward the uterus body was measured. The association between other pathologic factors and METU was analyzed. Results: Microscopicmore » extension toward the uterus body was not common, with only 12.3% of patients (39 of 318) demonstrating METU. The mean (±SD) distance of METU was 0.32 ± 1.079 mm (range, 0-10 mm). Lymphovascular space invasion was associated with METU distance and occurrence rate. A margin of 5 mm added to gross tumor would adequately cover 99.4% and 99% of the METU in the whole group and in patients with lymphovascular space invasion, respectively. Conclusion: According to our analysis of 318 SCCC specimens for METU, using a 5-mm gross tumor volume to clinical target volume margin in the direction of the uterus should be adequate for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage Ib-IIa SCCC. Considering the discrepancy between imaging and pathologic methods in determining gross tumor volume extent, we recommend a safer 10-mm margin in the uterine direction as the standard for clinical practice when using MRI for contouring tumor volume.« less

FIGO stage IIIC endometrial cancer identification among patients with complex atypical hyperplasia, grade 1 and 2 endometrioid endometrial cancer: laparoscopic indocyanine green sentinel lymph node mapping versus frozen section of the uterus, why get around the problem?

PubMed

Papadia, Andrea; Gasparri, Maria Luisa; Siegenthaler, Franziska; Imboden, Sara; Mohr, Stefan; Mueller, Michael D

2017-03-01

To compare two surgical strategies used to identify lymph node metastases in patients with preoperative diagnosis of complex atypical hyperplasia (CAH), grade 1 and 2 endometrial cancer (EC). Data on patients with preoperative diagnosis of CAH, grade 1 and 2 EC undergoing laparoscopic indocyanine green (ICG) sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping followed by frozen section of the uterus were collected. When risk factors were identified at frozen section, patients were subjected to a systematic lymphadenectomy. False negative (FN) rates, negative predictive values (NPV), positive predictive values (PPV) and correlation with stage IIIC EC were calculated for the systematic lymphadenectomy based on frozen section of the uterus and for the SLN mapping. Six (9.5%) out of 63 patients had lymph nodal metastases. Based on frozen section of the uterus, 22 (34.9%) and 15 (22.2%) patients underwent a pelvic and a pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy, respectively. Five patients with stage IIIC disease were identified with a FN rate of 16.7% and a NPV and PPV of 97.6 and 27.3%, respectively. Overall and bilateral detection rates of ICG SLN mapping were 100 and 97.6%, respectively; no FN were recorded. The identification of patients with stage IIIC disease with ICG SLN mapping showed a NPV and PPV of 100%. Correlation between indication to lymphadenectomy and stage IIIC disease was poor (κ = 0.244) when based on frozen section of the uterus and excellent (κ = 1) when based on SLN mapping. ICG SLN mapping reduces the number of unnecessary systematic lymphadenectomies and the risk of underdiagnosing patients with metastatic lymph nodes.

Evidence that interferon-tau secreted from Day-7 embryo in vivo generates anti-inflammatory immune response in the bovine uterus.

PubMed

Rashid, Mohammad B; Talukder, Anup K; Kusama, Kazuya; Haneda, Shingo; Takedomi, Toshiro; Yoshino, Hitomi; Moriyasu, Satoru; Matsui, Motozumi; Shimada, Masayuki; Imakawa, Kazuhiko; Miyamoto, Akio

2018-06-12

Recent studies suggest that Day-7 bovine embryo starts to communicate with the uterine epithelium through interferon-tau (IFNT) signaling. However, immune modulatory role of IFNT in the uterus just after the embryo moves from the oviduct is unclear. We aimed to examine the hypothesis that Day-7 bovine embryo secretes IFNT in the uterus, which induces anti-inflammatory response in immune cells. The uterine flush (UF) with multiple embryos was collected from Day-7 donor pregnant cows and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were then cultured in UF. Transcripts detected in PBMCs revealed that UF from pregnant cows down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFA, IL1B) and up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL10) expression, with activation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs; ISG15, OAS1) as compared with UF from non-pregnant cows. An addition of specific anti-IFNT antibody to the UF inhibited the effect on PBMCs, indicating that IFNT is a major factor for such immune modulation. The observation that conditioned media from bovine uterine epithelial cells both stimulated with IFNT in vitro and supplemented with fresh IFNT induced similar PBMCs gene expression, confirming that IFNT directly acts on this immune crosstalk. This study shows that IFNT secreted from Day-7 embryo in vivo generates anti-inflammatory response in immune cells, which may provide immunological tolerance to accept the embryo. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A Case of Unicornuate Uterus with Atypical Located Hyperstimulated Ovary after in Vitro Fertilization Pre-Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET)

PubMed Central

Angelova, Mariya Angelova; Kovachev, Emil Georgiev; Kisyov, Stefan Vasilev; Ivanova, Vilislava Robert

2015-01-01

The authors describe a case of a congenital Mullerian anomaly, uterus unicornis with missing right fallopian tube. An in Vitro Fertilization Pre-Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET) procedure was done and presently is known that the patient has left fallopian tube and left ovary, two kidneys, and right ovary is missing. No diagnostic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy were done, only hysterosalpingography (HSG) before the IVF procedure. Several days after the follicular puncture of the left ovary the patient was urgently admitted to the hospital for specialized gynaecology in Varna. Transabdominal ultrasonography showed right ovary atypically located immediately next to the liver and with emerging theca-lutein cysts. PMID:27275261

Application of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of Uterus Cervical Carcinoma.

PubMed

Peng, Jidong; Wang, Weiqiang; Zeng, Daohui

2017-01-01

Effective treatment of Uterus Cervical Carcinoma (UCC) rely heavily on the precise pre-surgical staging. The conventional International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) system based on clinical examination is being applied worldwide for UCC staging. Yet its performance just appears passable. Thus, this study aims to investigate the value of applying Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with clinical examination in staging of UCC. A retrospective dataset involving 164 patients diagnosed with UCC was enrolled in this study. The mean age of this study population was 46.1 years (range, 28-#x2013;75 years). All patients underwent operations and UCC types were confirmed by pathological examinations. The tumor stages were determined by two experienced Gynecologist independently based on FIGO examinations and MRI. The diagnostic results were also compared with the post-operative pathologic reports. Statistical data analysis on diagnostic performance was then done and reported. The study results showed that the overall accuracy of applying MRI in UCC staging was 82.32%, while using FIGO staging method, the staging accuracy was 59.15%. MRI is suitable to evaluate tumor extent with high accuracy, and it can offer more objective information for the diagnosis and staging of UCC. Compared with clinical examinations based on FIGO, MRI illustrated relatively high accuracy in evaluating UCC staging, and is worthwhile to be recommended in future clinical practice.

Treatment with eCG decreases the vascular density and increases the glandular density of the bovine uterus.

PubMed

Mona e Pinto, J; Pavanelo, V; Alves de Fátima, L; Medeiros de Carvalho Sousa, L M; Pacheco Mendes, G; Machado Ferreira, R; Ayres, H; Sampaio Baruselli, P; Palma Rennó, F; de Carvallo Papa, P

2014-06-01

The uterus plays an essential role in mammalian reproduction and is a target of several hormonal protocols used to improve fertility in cattle. Many studies highlighted the importance of eCG treatment following fixed-time artificial insemination in improving follicular growth, ovulation and pregnancy rates in cattle. Moreover, eCG has been implicated in angiogenesis, leading to important changes in uterine blood flow and vascularisation. However, there is still a lack of information regarding the specific alterations induced by eCG upon glandular and vascular characteristics of bovine uterus. To investigate the influence of eCG on: uterine thickness and area; uterine artery diameter and area; uterine vascular and gland density; and the expression of the VEGFA-system, the uteri of crossbred beef cows were collected. All cows were submitted to follicular wave emergence synchronization. On day four of protocol, cows submitted to superovulation (n = 6) received 2000 IU eCG, on day eight, after expected follicular deviation, cows submitted to stimulatory treatment (n = 5) received 400 IU eCG. Control cows (n = 5) did not receive eCG. On day five po cows were subjected to ultrassonographic evaluation and slaughtered for uterine tissue sampling on day six po. Uterine vessels and glands were quantified by the counting point stereological method. The VEGFA-system was localized in different cellular types, showing no qualitative or quantitative differences in the site of expression or the intensity of the positive signal among the groups. Vascular density was decreased in the endometrium of stimulated and myometrium of superovulated cows compared with the control ones, which showed higher vascular density in the myometrium and endometrium of the ipsilateral uterine horn. The uterine gland density was higher in superovulated compared with stimulated and control cows. Thus, we can infer that stimulatory or superovulatory treatments with eCG influence the vascular

Sprouting angiogenesis in human midterm uterus and fallopian tube is guided by endothelial tip cells.

PubMed

Rusu, M C; Motoc, A G M; Pop, F; Folescu, R

2013-01-01

Five samples of human midterm fetal uterus and fallopian tube (four donor bodies) were used to assess whether or not processes of angiogenesis are guided by endothelial tip cells (ETCs), and if cytokine-receptors, such as CD117/c-kit and PDGFR-α, are expressed in the microenvironment of the endothelial tubes. CD34 labeled microvessels in the uterine wall (myometrium and endometrium) and in the wall of the uterine (fallopian) tube, and accurately identified ETCs in both organs. We conclude that sprouting angiogenesis in the developing human female tract is guided by ETCs. Moreover, CD117/c-kit antibodies labeled mural networks of pericytes, α-SMA-positive and desmin-negative, related to the endometrial (but not myometrial) microvessels, and similar labeling was identified in the wall of the uterine tube. PDGFR-α positive labeling, stromal and pericytary, was also found. Thus, sprouting angiogenesis in human fetal genital organs appears to be guided by tip cells and is influenced by tyrosine kinase receptor signaling.

Transcriptomic changes in the pre-implantation uterus highlight histotrophic nutrition of the developing marsupial embryo.

PubMed

Whittington, Camilla M; O'Meally, Denis; Laird, Melanie K; Belov, Katherine; Thompson, Michael B; McAllan, Bronwyn M

2018-02-05

Early pregnancy is a critical time for successful reproduction; up to half of human pregnancies fail before the development of the definitive chorioallantoic placenta. Unlike the situation in eutherian mammals, marsupial pregnancy is characterised by a long pre-implantation period prior to the development of the short-lived placenta, making them ideal models for study of the uterine environment promoting embryonic survival pre-implantation. Here we present a transcriptomic study of pre-implantation marsupial pregnancy, and identify differentially expressed genes in the Sminthopsis crassicaudata uterus involved in metabolism and biosynthesis, transport, immunity, tissue remodelling, and uterine receptivity. Interestingly, almost one quarter of the top 50 genes that are differentially upregulated in early pregnancy are putatively involved in histotrophy, highlighting the importance of nutrient transport to the conceptus prior to the development of the placenta. This work furthers our understanding of the mechanisms underlying survival of pre-implantation embryos in the earliest live bearing ancestors of mammals.

All-Trans Retinoic Acid Ameliorates Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in the Rat Uterus by Modulating MAPK Signaling Proteins.

PubMed

Chatterjee, Aniruddha; Chatterji, Urmi

2017-11-01

Exposure to arsenic leads to inhibition of the anti-oxidant defense mechanism of the body. Reactive oxygen species generated in response to arsenic causes reproductive failures in exposed females and also acts as an inducer of apoptosis. As a prospective remedial agent, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was assessed for reversing arsenic-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Rats exposed to arsenic for 28 days were allowed to recover naturally or were treated simultaneously with ATRA for 28 days or up to 56 days. Production of H 2 O 2 was detected using 2',7'-dichlorfluorescein diacetate (DCFCA) by flow cytometry. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, ALT, and AST were estimated by biochemical assays and Western blot analyses. Detection of apoptosis was performed using annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide. Expressions of p53, p21, cleaved caspase 3, JNK/pJNK, and ERK/pERK levels were estimated using Western blot analysis. Elemental arsenic deposition in the rat uterus and liver was estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Our results confirmed that ATRA ameliorated sodium arsenite-induced ROS generation, restored redox balance, and prevented apoptosis. Concomitant recovery was observed to be more prominent for ATRA-treated rats as compared to the rats that were allowed to recover naturally for 56 days. Tissue arsenic deposition was significantly reduced in the uterus upon continuous ATRA treatment. The results revealed that ATRA reversed arsenic-induced free radical generation, activated the anti-oxidant defence system, and subsequently repressed p53-dependent apoptosis through inhibition of the MAPK signaling components. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3796-3809, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Size of testes, ovaries, uterus and breast buds by ultrasound in healthy full-term neonates ages 0–3 days

PubMed Central

Kaplan, SL; Edgar, JC; Ford, EG; Adgent, MA; Schall, JI; Kelly, A; Umbach, DM; Rogan, WJ; Stallings, VA; Darge, K

2017-01-01

Background Hormonally-sensitive organs in the neonate can change size within days of birth as circulating maternal estrogen wanes. Although several reports document the size of these organs through infancy, few focus on the near-birth period. Clinical and research evaluation of hormonal and genitourinary disorders would benefit from reference size standards. Objective We describe the size of the uterus, ovaries, testes, and breast buds in healthy term neonates. Materials and Methods As part of the Infant Feeding and Early Development (IFED) study, we sonographically measured the largest diameter of these organs in sagittal, transverse, and anterior-posterior planes for 194 female and 204 male newborns up to 3 days old. We calculated mean, median, and percentiles for longest axis length and for volume calculated from measured diameters. We evaluated size differences by laterality, sex, and race and compared our observations to published values. Results Mean length and volume, respectively, were: uterus, 4.2 cm and 10.0 cm3; ovary, 1.0 cm and 0.2 cm3; testis, 1.1 cm and 0.3 cm3 (0.4 cm3 Lambert volume); female breast bud, 1.2 cm and 0.7 cm3; male breast bud, 1.1 cm and 0.6 cm3. Breast buds were larger in females than males. Laterality differences were typically below the precision of clinical measurement. No significant race differences were detected. Conclusion Using data from our large cohort together with published values, we provide guidelines for evaluating the size of reproductive organs within the first 3 days of life. Discrepancies between our results and published values are likely attributable to technique. PMID:27580909

Drug delivery to the human and mouse uterus using immunoliposomes targeted to the oxytocin receptor.

PubMed

Paul, Jonathan W; Hua, Susan; Ilicic, Marina; Tolosa, Jorge M; Butler, Trent; Robertson, Sarah; Smith, Roger

2017-03-01

The ability to provide safe and effective pharmacotherapy during obstetric complications, such as preterm labor or postpartum hemorrhage, is hampered by the systemic toxicity of therapeutic agents leading to adverse side effects in the mother and fetus. Development of novel strategies to target tocolytic and uterotonic agents specifically to uterine myocytes would improve therapeutic efficacy while minimizing the risk of side effects. Ligand-targeted liposomes have emerged as a reliable and versatile platform for targeted drug delivery to specific cell types, tissues or organs. Our objective was to develop a targeted drug delivery system for the uterus utilizing an immunoliposome platform targeting the oxytocin receptor. We conjugated liposomes to an antibody that recognizes an extracellular domain of the oxytocin receptor. We then examined the ability of oxytocin receptor-targeted liposomes to deliver contraction-blocking (nifedipine, salbutamol and rolipram) or contraction-enhancing (dofetilide) agents to strips of spontaneously contracting myometrial tissue in vitro (human and mouse). We evaluated the ability of oxytocin receptor-targeted liposomes to localize to uterine tissue in vivo, and assessed if targeted liposomes loaded with indomethacin were capable of preventing lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm birth in mice. Oxytocin receptor-targeted liposomes loaded with nifedipine, salbutamol or rolipram consistently abolished human myometrial contractions in vitro, while oxytocin receptor-targeted liposomes loaded with dofetilide increased contraction duration. Nontargeted control liposomes loaded with these agents had no effect. Similar results were observed in mouse uterine strips. Following in vivo administration to pregnant mice, oxytocin receptor-targeted liposomes localized specifically to the uterine horns and mammary tissue. Targeting increased localization to the uterus 7-fold. Localization was not detected in the maternal brain or fetus. Targeted

Assessment of the effects of naringenin-type flavanones in uterus and vagina.

PubMed

Keiler, Annekathrin Martina; Dörfelt, Peggy; Chatterjee, Namita; Helle, Janina; Bader, Manuela I; Vollmer, Günter; Kretzschmar, Georg; Kuhlee, Franziska; Thieme, Detlef; Zierau, Oliver

2015-01-01

The potential utilization of plant secondary metabolites possessing estrogenic properties as alternatives to the classical hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for the relief of postmenopausal complaints asks for an evaluation regarding the safety in reproductive organs. In order to contribute to the estimation of the safety profile of the flavanones naringenin (Nar), 8‑prenylnaringenin (8PN) and 6‑(1,1‑dimethylally) naringenin (6DMAN), we investigated uterus and vagina derived from a three‑day uterotrophic assay in rats. Also, we investigated the metabolite profile resulting from the incubation of the three substances with liver microsomes. While no metabolites were detectable for naringenin, hydroxylation products were observed for 8PN and 6DMAN after incubation with human as well as rat liver microsomes. The parent compound naringenin did not evoke any estrogenic responses in the investigated parameters. A significant increase of the uterine wet weight, uterine epithelial thickness and proliferating vaginal cells was observed in response to 8PN, questioning the safety of 8PN if applied in the human situation. In contrast, no estrogenic effects on the reproductive organs were observed for 6DMAN in the conducted study, rendering it the compound with a more promising safety profile, therefore justifying further investigations into its efficacy to alleviate postmenopausal discomforts. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Conditional deletion of Msx homeobox genes in the uterus inhibits blastocyst implantation by altering uterine receptivity.

PubMed

Daikoku, Takiko; Cha, Jeeyeon; Sun, Xiaofei; Tranguch, Susanne; Xie, Huirong; Fujita, Tomoko; Hirota, Yasushi; Lydon, John; DeMayo, Francesco; Maxson, Robert; Dey, Sudhansu K

2011-12-13

An effective bidirectional communication between an implantation-competent blastocyst and the receptive uterus is a prerequisite for mammalian reproduction. The blastocyst will implant only when this molecular cross-talk is established. Here we show that the muscle segment homeobox gene (Msh) family members Msx1 and Msx2, which are two highly conserved genes critical for epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during development, also play crucial roles in embryo implantation. Loss of Msx1/Msx2 expression correlates with altered uterine luminal epithelial cell polarity and affects E-cadherin/β-catenin complex formation through the control of Wnt5a expression. Application of Wnt5a in vitro compromised blastocyst invasion and trophoblast outgrowth on cultured uterine epithelial cells. The finding that Msx1/Msx2 genes are critical for conferring uterine receptivity and readiness to implantation could have clinical significance, because compromised uterine receptivity is a major cause of pregnancy failure in IVF programs. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Conditional deletion of MSX homeobox genes in the uterus inhibits blastocyst implantation by altering uterine receptivity

PubMed Central

Daikoku, Takiko; Cha, Jeeyeon; Sun, Xiaofei; Tranguch, Susanne; Xie, Huirong; Fujita, Tomoko; Hirota, Yasushi; Lydon, John; DeMayo, Francesco; Maxson, Robert; Dey, Sudhansu K.

2011-01-01

An effective bidirectional communication between an implantation-competent blastocyst and the receptive uterus is a prerequisite for mammalian reproduction. The blastocyst will implant only when this molecular cross-talk is established. Here we show that the muscle segment homeobox gene (Msh) family members Msx1 and Msx2, which are two highly conserved genes critical for epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during development, also play crucial roles in embryo implantation. Loss of Msx1/Msx2 expression correlates with altered uterine luminal epithelial cell polarity and affects E-cadherin/β-catenin complex formation through the control of Wnt5a expression. Application of Wnt5a in vitro compromised blastocyst invasion and trophoblast outgrowth on cultured uterine epithelial cells. The finding that Msx1/Msx2 genes are critical for conferring uterine receptivity and readiness to implantation could have clinical significance, because compromised uterine receptivity is a major cause of pregnancy failure in IVF programs. PMID:22100262

Primary Ewing's sarcoma-primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the uterus: a case report and literature review.

PubMed

Park, Jeong-Yeol; Lee, Sun; Kang, Hyoung Jin; Kim, Hy-Sook; Park, Sang-Yoon

2007-08-01

Primary Ewing's sarcoma-primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ES-PNET) of the uterus is an extremely rare malignancy. A 30-year-old Korean woman presented with abnormal uterine bleeding with uterine enlargement. A computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen and pelvis showed a huge uterine mass measuring 18 x 20 x 21 cm, metastasis to both pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes, and omental infiltration. The pathology report of the uterine mass described a uniformly hypercellular tumor, which was arranged in diffuse solid sheets of uniform, small, rounded, and sometimes spindle-shaped cells, with scanty cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, the mass tested positive for vimentin, CD99, and chromogranin. The patient received several courses of combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy but died from tumor progression 16 months after the initial diagnosis. This is a rare case of primary uterine ES-PNET in a woman of reproductive age. A review of the literature indicates that primary uterine ES-PNET requires early diagnosis and multimodality treatment including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The behavior of this tumor is potentially aggressive.

17β-Estradiol Alters Oxidative Stress Response Protein Expression and Oxidative Damage in the Uterus

PubMed Central

Yuan, Lisi; Dietrich, Alicia K.; Nardulli, Ann M.

2014-01-01

The steroid hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) has profound effects on the uterus. However, with the E2-induced increase in uterine cell proliferation and metabolism comes increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We examined the expression of an interactive network of oxidative stress response proteins including thioredoxin (Trx), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), apurinic endonuclease (Ape1), and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). We demonstrated that treatment of ovariectomized C57BL/6J female mice with E2 increased the mRNA and protein levels of Trx, but decreased SOD1 and Ape1 mRNA and protein expression. In contrast, E2 treatment increased PDI protein levels but had no effect on PDI transcript levels.Interestingly, E2 treatment also increased two markers of cellular damage, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation. Our studies suggest that the decreased expression of SOD1 and Ape1 caused by E2 treatment may in the long term result in disruption of ROS regulation and play a role in endometrial carcinogenesis. PMID:24103313

Construction and test of an artificial uterus for ex situ development of shark embryos.

PubMed

Nick, Otway; Megan, Ellis

2012-01-01

An artificial uterus (AU) was constructed from clear and opaque acrylic and life-support and monitoring systems were attached. The dwarf ornate wobbegong shark (Orectolobus ornatus) was used to test the AU because recent research has shown that during pregnancy the uterine fluid composition changes with mid- to late-term embryos immersed in seawater. An artificial uterine fluid comprising filtered, autoclaved seawater was placed in the AU. Eight, sexually mature female O. ornatus were captured from the wild and held in captivity. Subsequent ultrasound examinations confirmed pregnancy in three of these females. Six late-term embryos (three males and three females) were removed surgically from one euthanized female and placed in the AU. Their condition was monitored for 18 days before "birth" on September 26, 2008. The subsequent survival and growth of the AU pups was compared with naturally born wobbegong pups in captivity over a 140-day monitoring period. The development in the AU did not have detrimental effects as there was no postpartum mortality and there were marked increases in total length and weight that did not differ significantly between the two groups. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Fine structure of the uterus in tapeworm Tetrabothrius erostris (Cestoda: Tetrabothriidea).

PubMed

Korneva, Janetta V; Jones, Malcolm K; Kuklin, Vadim V

2014-12-01

The uterine organization in Tetrabothrius erostris (Tetrabothriidea) was investigated by the methods of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. In sexually mature proglottids, the uterine wall consists of a syncytial epithelium (1.4-2.5 μm thick, except in regions containing nuclei). The ribosomes, mitochondria and numerous cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum with concentric or parallel profiles with electron lucent material are observed in the epithelium. The uterine wall is characterized by the abundance of lipid droplets that are localized inside the long protrusions of the uterine epithelium (called fungiform papillae) up to 15-17 μm and in the surrounding medullary parenchyma. The protrusions with lipid droplets in the proximal ends of the uterus are located closely to each other. A basal matrix (up to 0.6 μm thick) supports the uterine epithelium. The musculature consisting of 1-2 muscle layers is well developed; large myocytons are connected with the myofibrils and have a nucleus that reaches 4 μm in size. In gravid proglottids, the epithelium without nuclei is reduced to 0.2-1.6 μm thick. The number of protrusions of the uterine epithelium and lipid droplets in the epithelial layer decreases. Sparse small muscle bundles underlay the uterine wall at this stage; the basal matrix is feebly marked. The matrotrophy or the support by nutrition from the parent organism to embryos is discussed for T. erostris which belongs to oligolecital cestodes and possesses numerous lipid droplets in the uterine wall during the development of embryos.

Radioprotective potential of histamine on rat small intestine and uterus

PubMed Central

Carabajal, E.; Massari, N.; Croci, M.; Martinel Lamas, D.; Prestifilippo, J.P.; Ciraolo, P.; Bergoc, R.M.; Rivera, E.S.; Medina, V.A.

2012-01-01

The aim of this study was to improve knowledge about histamine radioprotective potential investigating its effect on reducing ionising radiation-induced injury and genotoxic damage on the rat small intestine and uterus. Forty 10-week-old male and 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups. Histamine and histamine-5Gy groups received a daily subcutaneous histamine injection (0.1 mg/kg) starting 24 h before irradiation. Histamine-5Gy and untreated-5Gy groups were irradiated with a dose of whole-body Cesium-137 irradiation. Three days after irradiation animals were sacrificed and tissues were removed, fixed, and stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and histological characteristics were evaluated. Proliferation, apoptosis and oxidative DNA markers were studied by immunohistochemistry, while micronucleus assay was performed to evaluate chromosomal damage. Histamine treatment reduced radiation-induced mucosal atrophy, oedema and vascular damage produced by ionising radiation, increasing the number of crypts per circumference (239±12 vs 160±10; P<0.01). This effect was associated with a reduction of radiation-induced intestinal crypts apoptosis. Additionally, histamine decreased the frequency of micronuclei formation and also significantly attenuated 8-OHdG immunoreactivity, a marker of DNA oxidative damage. Furthermore, radiation induced flattening of the endometrial surface, depletion of deep glands and reduced mitosis, effects that were completely blocked by histamine treatment. The expression of a proliferation marker in uterine luminal and glandular cells was markedly stimulated in histamine treated and irradiated rats. The obtained evidences indicate that histamine is a potential candidate as a safe radio-protective agent that might increase the therapeutic index of radiotherapy for intra-abdominal and pelvic cancers. However, its efficacy needs to be carefully investigated in prospective clinical trials. PMID:23361244

Aspects of sexual precocity and morphometry of uterus, placenta and embryos/fetuses in Piau breed and Commercial line gilts.

PubMed

Montes, José Carlos; Penitente-Filho, Jurandy Mauro; Guimarães, Simone Eliza Facioni; Lopes, Paulo Sávio; Camilo, Breno Soares; Shiomi, Hugo Hideki; Lima, Daniel Araújo; Pinho, Rogério Oliveira; Pereira, Jhonata Vieira Tavares do Nascimento; Okano, Denise Silva; Costa, Karine Assis; Guimarães, José Domingos

2018-01-01

In view of the importance of the genetic material of local breeds in the swine industry and the lack of information about reproductive performance of Piau females, two experiments were conducted to evaluate puberty and sexual maturity as well as the morphometry of embryos/fetuses, placenta and uterus during the first 90 days of gestation in Piau breed and Commercial line gilts. In experiment I, 37 Piau and 25 commercial line gilts were used. From the 120 days of age, detection of estrus was performed using mature boars from the first to third estrus of each gilt. Data regarding to age, body weight and estrus duration were recorded. After third estrus, females were slaughtered and ovaries were collected to determine ovulation rate. In experiment II, 36 Piau and 18 commercial line gilts were distributed into three groups according to the mating: Commercial, commercial line females x commercial line male; cross-mated, Piau females x commercial line male; and Piau, Piau females x Piau male. Gilts were slaughtered at 7, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days of pregnancy. Piau females reached puberty and sexual maturity at the same age as commercial line females, but with lower weight; moreover, Piau group showed negative correlations of birth weight with puberty (-0.27) and sexual maturity (-0.29). Commercial gilts presented higher ovulation rate, weight and length of uterus, and length and thoracic circumference of fetuses. Nevertheless, number of fetuses was similar in all groups at 90 days of gestation suggesting that Piau females present higher survival rates of the conceptuses. The results showed differences between the genetic groups related to fetal and placental development, gestational losses, number of ovulations and uterine development. In addition, an intermediate status of fetal weight was observed in Piau/Commercial line crossbred conceptuses; thus, the selection of Piau females on reproductive traits to be mated with commercial line males would be an alternative to

Traditional Chinese medicine Guizhi Fuling capsule used for therapy of dysmenorrhea via attenuating uterus contraction.

PubMed

Sun, Lan; Liu, Lina; Zong, Shaobo; Wang, Zhengzhong; Zhou, Jun; Xu, Zhiliang; Ding, Gang; Xiao, Wei; Kou, Junping

2016-09-15

Guizhi Fuling formula, a well-known Chinese herbal formula recorded in the Eastern Han Dynasty, is composed of Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl (Cassia bark), Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Poria), Paeonia suffruticosa andrews (Moutan Cortex), Paeonia lactiflora Pall (Herbaceous peony), and Amygdalus persica L.(Persicae Semen). It has clinical efficacy of activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis and is commonly used for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. However, its therapeutic mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. The aim of this study is to reveal molecular mechanisms of action using in vivo and in vitro experimental models. The ICR mouse uterine contraction was induced by oxytocin exposure following estradiol benzoate pretreatment. Mice were given GZFLC (0.54, 1.08g/kg) by gavage. The levels of NO, PGF2α and Ca(2+) in uterine tissue were determined according to instructions. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and oxytocin receptor (OTR) proteins in uterine tissue were assessed by Western Blot. Mouse isolated uterus strips were mounted in tissue organ baths containing Locke's solution. The contractile responses were recorded with Power Lab recording system. The effect of GZFLC on spontaneous uterine contraction, and uterine contraction induced by oxytocin, PGF2α was observed. Myometrial cells were exposed to oxytocin (5U/L) to induce calcium release, and the effect of GZFLC and its components (PL, PGG, CA) on intracellular Ca(2+) was analyzed with fluorometry imaging. In vivo study demonstrated that GZFLC significantly reduced oxytocin-induced writhing responses with a maximal inhibition of 55%. It also decreased the levels of NO, PGF2α and Ca(2+) in oxytocin-induced mice uterine tissue. Moreover, Western blot analysis showed that COX-2 and OTR expressions in uterine tissue of dysmenorrhea mice were significantly reduced. GZFLC inhibited spontaneous uterus contractions in a dose-dependent manner, and the IC50 value was 0.99mg/ml. The IC50 values of

[Tongue, trachea, abdominal wall, uterus, and penis allografts. More details on some other clinical applications of vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation].

PubMed

Petit, F

2007-10-01

The first hand and face allografts opened a new era in medicine history: a time when allotransplantation and reconstructive surgery coupled their principles. Their success and their development made composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA) a clinical reality for our speciality. Although still recent and limited, experience from this new surgical practice will widen with feedback from the first clinical cases and with experience gained from more clinical cases, more anatomical areas, more type of allografts, more surgical techniques, more immunosuppressive regimens. Tongue, trachea, abdominal wall, uterus, penis allotransplantations have been performed, contemporarily. Whatever the future and the benefits for the selected patients might have been, reports from these - un- and misknown - cases contribute to a better knowledge of CTA, its therapeutic potential, its limits, its challenges.

Cadmium mimics the in vivo effects of estrogen in the uterus and mammary gland.

PubMed

Johnson, Michael D; Kenney, Nicholas; Stoica, Adriana; Hilakivi-Clarke, Leena; Singh, Baljit; Chepko, Gloria; Clarke, Robert; Sholler, Peter F; Lirio, Apolonio A; Foss, Colby; Reiter, Ronald; Trock, Bruce; Paik, Soonmyoung; Martin, Mary Beth

2003-08-01

It has been suggested that environmental contaminants that mimic the effects of estrogen contribute to disruption of the reproductive systems of animals in the wild, and to the high incidence of hormone-related cancers and diseases in Western populations. Previous studies have shown that functionally, cadmium acts like steroidal estrogens in breast cancer cells as a result of its ability to form a high-affinity complex with the hormone binding domain of the estrogen receptor. The results of the present study show that cadmium also has potent estrogen-like activity in vivo. Exposure to cadmium increased uterine wet weight, promoted growth and development of the mammary glands and induced hormone-regulated genes in ovariectomized animals. In the uterus, the increase in wet weight was accompanied by proliferation of the endometrium and induction of progesterone receptor (PgR) and complement component C3. In the mammary gland, cadmium promoted an increase in the formation of side branches and alveolar buds and the induction of casein, whey acidic protein, PgR and C3. In utero exposure to the metal also mimicked the effects of estrogens. Female offspring experienced an earlier onset of puberty and an increase in the epithelial area and the number of terminal end buds in the mammary gland.

Reproducibility and interoperator reliability of obtaining images and measurements of the cervix and uterus with brachytherapy treatment applicators in situ using transabdominal ultrasound.

PubMed

van Dyk, Sylvia; Garth, Margaret; Oates, Amanda; Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan, Srinivas; Schneider, Michal; Bernshaw, David; Narayan, Kailash

2016-01-01

To validate interoperator reliability of brachytherapy radiation therapists (RTs) in obtaining an ultrasound image and measuring the cervix and uterine dimensions using transabdominal ultrasound. Patients who underwent MRI with applicators in situ after the first insertion were included in the study. Imaging was performed by three RTs (RT1, RT2, and RT3) with varying degrees of ultrasound experience. All RTs were required to obtain a longitudinal planning image depicting the applicator in the uterine canal and measure the cervix and uterus. The MRI scan, taken 1 hour after the ultrasound, was used as the reference standard against which all measurements were compared. Measurements were analyzed with intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots. All RTs were able to obtain a suitable longitudinal image for each patient in the study. Mean differences (SD) between MRI and ultrasound measurements obtained by RTs ranged from 3.5 (3.6) to 4.4 (4.23) mm and 0 (3.0) to 0.9 (2.5) mm on the anterior and posterior surface of the cervix, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient for absolute agreement between MRI and RTs was >0.9 for all posterior measurement points in the cervix and ranged from 0.41 to 0.92 on the anterior surface. Measurements were not statistically different between RTs at any measurement point. RTs with variable training attained high levels of interoperator reliability when using transabdominal ultrasound to obtain images and measurements of the uterus and cervix with brachytherapy applicators in situ. Access to training and use of a well-defined protocol assist in achieving these high levels of reliability. Copyright © 2016 American Brachytherapy Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Pleomorphic Liposarcoma Arising in a Lipoleiomyosarcoma of the Uterus: Report of a Case With Genetic Profiling by a Next Generation Sequencing Panel.

PubMed

Schoolmeester, J Kenneth; Stamatakos, Michael D; Moyer, Ann M; Park, Kay J; Fairbairn, Melissa; Fader, Amanda N

2016-07-01

Uterine tumors with adipocytic differentiation are very uncommon. Mature adipocytes are sometimes seen as an element of smooth muscle neoplasms, more often as lipoleiomyoma, but also in the rare lipoleiomyosarcoma. Exceptional cases have been reported of various subtypes of liposarcoma associated with uterine smooth muscle tumors with or without adipocytic differentiation. We present a case of pleomorphic liposarcoma arising in a lipoleiomyosarcoma of the uterus. Genomic profiling was performed using a validated next generation sequencing panel covering 410 common cancer genes. Alterations were identified in TP53, PTEN, RB1, FAT1 and TERT. The patient's presentation and clinical course as well as the tumor's morphologic, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic findings are reviewed.

Protective properties of 6-gingerol-rich fraction from Zingiber officinale (Ginger) on chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in the brain, ovary and uterus of rats.

PubMed

Abolaji, Amos O; Ojo, Mercy; Afolabi, Tosin T; Arowoogun, Mary D; Nwawolor, Darlinton; Farombi, Ebenezer O

2017-05-25

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus pesticide widely used in agricultural applications and household environments. 6-Gingerol-rich fraction from Zingiber officinale (Ginger, 6-GRF) has been reported to possess potent anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Here, we investigated the protective properties of 6-GRF on CPF-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in the brain, ovary and uterus of rats. Five groups of rats containing 14 rats/group received corn oil (control), CPF (5 mg/kg), 6-GRF (100 mg/kg), CPF (5 mg/kg) + 6-GRF (50 mg/kg) and CPF (5 mg/kg) + 6-GRF (100 mg/kg) through gavage once per day for 35 days respectively. The results showed that 6-GRF protected against CPF-induced increases in oxidative stress ((hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and malondialdehyde (MDA)), inflammatory (myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF- α)), and apoptotic (caspase-3) markers. Also, 6-GRF improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) as well as glutathione (GSH) level in the brain, ovary and uterus of rats exposed to CPF (p < 0.05). Overall, the protective effects of 6-GRF on CPF-induced toxicity in the brain and reproductive organs of rats may be due to its potent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Channa striatus Extract on Measurement of the Uterus, Pulsatility Index, Resistive Index of Uterine Artery and Superficial Skin Wound Artery in Post Lower Segment Caesarean Section Women.

PubMed

Abu Bakar, Mohd Rizal; Abdul Kadir, Azidah; Abdul Wahab, Siti Zubaidah; Abdul Karim, Ahmad Helmy; Nik Hussain, Nik Hazlina; Mohd Noor, Norhayati; Omar, Julia; Bin Bai Bae, Saringat; Wan Mahmood, Wan Haslindawani; Abdul Razak, Asrenee; Yunus, Rohaizan

2015-01-01

To compare the mean of anteroposterior (AP) measurements of the uterus in longitudinal and oblique transverse planes, and the pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI) of the uterine artery and superficial skin wound artery between patients taking Channa striatus and placebo. Channa striatus, also known as haruan, is a fresh water snakehead fish consumed in many parts of Southeast Asia. Channa striatus is also normally consumed by women postpartum to promote wound healing as well as to reduce post-operative pain. This study is a randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled study conducted in women after Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS). Subjects were randomised to either a Channa striatus or a placebo group and were given a daily dosage of 500 mg of Channa striatus extract or 500 mg maltodextrin, respectively, for six weeks post LSCS. The anteroposterior measurements of the uterus in the longitudinal and oblique transverse planes, and the pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI) of the uterine and superficial skin wound arteries were assessed using pelvic Gray-scale ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound at baseline (Day 3) and at two weeks, four weeks and six weeks post-operatively. Sixty-six subjects were randomised into the study with 33 in the Channa striatus group and 33 in the placebo group. No significant differences were detected in terms of the pulsatility index (PI) and the resistive index (RI) of the uterine and superficial skin wound arteries between the Channa striatus and placebo groups. However, in the Channa striatus group, the AP measurements of the uterus on the longitudinal and oblique transverse planes were significantly lower compared to the placebo group (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). Daily intake of Channa striatus extract results in marked differences compared to placebo in terms of uterine involution and recovery in women post LSCS. www.isrctn.com 11960786.

Adenosarcoma of the uterine body initially presenting as an interstitial small tumor of the uterus: a case report.

PubMed

Miyata, H; Tsuji, N; Jimi, T; Butsuhara, Y; Terakawa, K; Nagano, T

2014-01-01

Adenosarcoma of the uterine body is a rare mixed tumor in which a benign epithelial component is mixed with a malignant stromal element. It has been considered that this tumor originates from the endometrium and its most common finding of imaging is a polypoid tumor occupying the uterine cavity. The authors herein present a case of 37-year-old female with a complaint of abnormal vaginal bleeding. At the first visit, transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a round mass with a diameter of one cm in the uterine wall. No malignant pathological finding was detected. The patient visited the authors again one year later, because of continuous bleeding. At that time, they found a polypoid tumor in the uterine cavity, which turned out to be adenosarcoma with sarcomatous overgrowth. The round mass in the uterus detected at first time seems to have been incipience of adenosarcoma. Prodromal sign of adenosarcoma has not been reported previously.

Quantitative characterization of prostaglandins in the uterus of early pregnant cattle.

PubMed

Ulbrich, S E; Schulke, K; Groebner, A E; Reichenbach, H D; Angioni, C; Geisslinger, G; Meyer, H H D

2009-08-01

Prostaglandins (PGs) are important regulators of reproductive processes including early embryonic development. We analyzed the most relevant PG in bovine uteri at different preimplantation pregnancy stages when compared with non-pregnant controls. Additionally, endometrium and trophoblast tissues were examined regarding specific enzymes and receptors involved in PG generation and function. Simmental heifers were artificially inseminated or received seminal plasma only. At days 12, 15, or 18, post-estrus uteri were flushed for PG determination by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Endometrium and trophoblast tissues were sampled for RNA extraction and quantitative real-time PCR analysis. At all days and points of time examined, the concentration of 6-keto PGF(1alpha) (stable metabolite of PGI(2)) was predominant followed by PGF(2alpha)>PGE(2)>PGD(2) approximately TXB(2) (stable metabolite of TXA(2)). At days 15 and 18, PG increased from overall low levels at day 12, with a much more pronounced increase during pregnancy. The PGF(2alpha)/PGE(2) ratio was not influenced by status. The highest PG concentration was measured at day 15 with 6-keto PGF(1alpha) (6.4 ng/ml) followed by PGF(2alpha) (1.1 ng/ml) and PGE(2) (0.3 ng/ml). Minor changes in endometrial PG biosynthesis enzymes occurred due to pregnancy. Trophoblasts revealed high transcript abundance of general and specific PG synthases contributing to uterine PG. As PGI(2) and PGF(2alpha) receptors were abundantly expressed by the trophoblast, abundant amounts of PGI(2) and PGF(2alpha) in the uterine lumen point towards an essential role of PG for the developing embryo. High amounts of PG other than PGE(2) in the preimplantation uterus may be essential rather than detrimental for successful reproduction.

Nandrolone decanoate and physical effort: histological and morphometrical assessment in adult rat uterus.

PubMed

de Almeida Chuffa, Luiz Gustavo; de Souza, Roberta Barreiros; Frei, Fernando; de Fátima Paccola Mesquita, Suzana; Camargo, Isabel Cristina Cherici

2011-02-01

In the past decades, the therapeutic use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) has been overshadowed by illicit abuse of these drugs by athletes and non-athletes. Since that AAS can affect the reproductive tract, resulting in reproduction and fertilization damages, the purpose of this study was to investigate the nandrolone decanoate (ND) effects, associated or not with physical effort, on the uterine histomorphometric parameters. Female Wistar rats, sedentary or not, were exposed to treatment with ND by intraperitoneal injection (5 mg/kg/day, once a week) during four consecutive weeks. Control animals, sedentary or not, received vehicle alone (propylene glycol) in the same manner. The physical activity was forced swimming (20 min/day). During the experiment, all animals were monitored by daily vaginal smears. After 30 days of treatment, the females were sacrificed and their uteri collected and examined under light microscopy techniques. The ND-treated females showed estrus acyclicity and decreased thickness of both the epithelium and endometrial stroma. A reduction in the number and size of blood vessels was also found in ND-treated rats submitted to physical effort when compared to ND sedentary rats. ND-treated rats, regardless of exercise, exhibited stromal fibrosis and reduced gland ducts that displayed high mitotic activity. A remarkable widespread presence of leukocytes occurred in rats receiving ND and submitted to exercise. These results suggest that ND associated or not with physical effort causes histomorphometric changes to the rat uterus. 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Effects of space flight on the immunohistochemical demonstration of connexin 26 and connexin 43 in the postpartum uterus of rats

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burden, H. W.; Zary, J.; Alberts, J. R.

1999-01-01

The effect of space flight in a National Aeronautics and Space Administration shuttle was studied in pregnant rats. Rats were launched on day 11 of gestation and recovered on day 20 of gestation. Pregnancy was allowed to proceed to term and rats delivered vaginally on days 22-23, although flight animals required more labour contractions to complete the delivery process. Pups were placed with foster dams and connexin 26 and 43 were examined in the uterus of flight animals approximately 3 h after delivery. Space flight did not affect uterine connexin 26, localized primarily in epithelial cells of the endometrium, but decreased connexin 43, the major gap junction protein in the myometrium. It is suggested that decreased connexin 43 alters synchronization and coordination of labour contractions, resulting in a requirement for more contractions to complete the delivery process.

Toward noninvasive monitoring of ongoing electrical activity of human uterus and fetal heart and brain.

PubMed

Lew, S; Hämäläinen, M S; Okada, Y

2017-12-01

To evaluate whether a full-coverage fetal-maternal scanner can noninvasively monitor ongoing electrophysiological activity of maternal and fetal organs. A simulation study was carried out for a scanner with an array of magnetic field sensors placed all around the torso from the chest to the hip within a horizontal magnetic shielding enclosure. The magnetic fields from internal organs and an external noise source were computed for a pregnant woman with a 35-week old fetus. Signal processing methods were used to reject the external and internal interferences, to visualize uterine activity, and to detect activity of fetal heart and brain. External interference was reduced by a factor of 1000, sufficient for detecting signals from internal organs when combined with passive and active shielding. The scanner rejects internal interferences better than partial-coverage arrays. It can be used to estimate currents around the uterus. It clearly detects spontaneous activity from the fetal heart and brain without averaging and weaker evoked brain activity at all fetal head positions after averaging. The simulated device will be able to monitor the ongoing activity of the fetal and maternal organs. This type of scanner may become a novel tool in fetal medicine. Copyright © 2017 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Progesterone inhibits contraction and increases TREK-1 potassium channel expression in late pregnant rat uterus

PubMed Central

Yin, Zongzhi; Li, Yun; He, Wenzhu; Li, Dan; Li, Hongyan; Yang, Yuanyuan; Shen, Bing; Wang, Xi; Cao, Yunxia; Khalil, Raouf A.

2018-01-01

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism by which progesterone regulates uterine contraction in late pregnant rats Results Progesterone caused concentration-dependent relaxation of uterine strips that was enhanced compared with control nontreated uterine strips. Uterine strips incubated with progesterone showed a significant increase in TREK-1 mRNA expression and protein level. TREK-1 inhibitor L-methionine partly reversed uterine relaxation caused by the progesterone, while TREK-1 activator arachidonic acid did not cause significant change in progesterone-induced relaxation. Conclusions Progesterone inhibits uterine contraction and induces uterine relaxation in late pregnancy. The progesterone-induced inhibition of uterine contraction appears to partly involve increased potassium channel TREK-1 expression/activity. Materials and Methods Uterus from late-pregnant rats (gestational day 19) was isolated, and uterine strips were prepared for isometric contraction measurement. Oxytocin-induced contraction was compared in uterine strips pretreated with different concentration of progesterone. TREK-1 potassium channel inhibitor L-methionine and TREK-1 agonist arachidonic acid were used to determine whether the changes caused by progesterone involve changes in TREK-1 activity. The mRNA and protein expression of TREK-1 in uterine tissues were measured using qPCR and Western blot. PMID:29416642

Dose constraints in the rectum and bladder following carbon-ion radiotherapy for uterus carcinoma: a retrospective pooled analysis.

PubMed

Okonogi, Noriyuki; Fukahori, Mai; Wakatsuki, Masaru; Ohkubo, Yu; Kato, Shingo; Miyasaka, Yuhei; Tsuji, Hiroshi; Nakano, Takashi; Kamada, Tadashi

2018-06-25

Carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) provides better dose distribution in cancer treatment compared to photons. Additionally, carbon-ion beams provide a higher biological effectiveness, and thus a higher tumor control probability. However, information regarding the dose constraints for organs at risk in C-ion RT is limited. This study aimed to determine the predictive factors for late morbidities in the rectum and bladder after carbon-ion C-ion RT for uterus carcinomas. Between June 1995 and January 2010, 134 patients with uterus carcinomas were treated with C-ion RT with curative intent; prescription doses of 52.8-74.4 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) were delivered in 20-24 fractions. Of these patients, 132 who were followed up for > 6 months were analyzed. We separated the data in two subgroups, a 24 fractions group and a 20 fractions group. Late morbidities, proctitis, and cystitis were assessed according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer criteria. The correlations of clinical and dosimetric parameters, V10-V60, D 5cc , D 2cc , and Dmax, with the incidence of ≥grade 1 morbidities were retrospectively analyzed. In the 24 fractions group, the 3-year actuarial occurrence rates of ≥grade 1 rectal and bladder morbidities were 64 and 9%, respectively. In addition, in the 20 fractions group, the 3-year actuarial occurrence rates of ≥grade 1 rectal and bladder morbidities were 32 and 19%, respectively. Regarding the dose-volume histogram data on the rectum, the D 5cc and D 2cc were significantly higher in patients with ≥grade 1 proctitis than in those without morbidity. In addition, the D 5cc for the bladder was significantly higher in patients with ≥grade 1 cystitis than in those without morbidity. Results of univariate analyses showed that D 2cc of the rectum was correlated with the development of ≥grade 1 late proctitis. Moreover, D 5cc of the bladder was correlated with the

Mycoplasma infection in the uterus of early postpartum dairy cows and its relation to dystocia and endometritis.

PubMed

Ghanem, Mohamed Elshabrawy; Higuchi, Hidetoshi; Tezuka, Erisa; Ito, Hideki; Devkota, Bhuminand; Izaike, Yoshiaki; Osawa, Takeshi

2013-01-01

This study investigated the incidence of mycoplasma infection in the uterus of postpartum Holstein dairy cows and its relationship to the occurrence of endometritis. The genital tracts of 209 cows from three dairy farms in the Iwate Prefecture, Japan, were examined at Weeks 5 and 7 postpartum. The condition of the cervicovaginal mucus was assessed using a Metricheck device and assigned a score from 0 (clear mucus) to 4 (purulent material with fetid odor). Intrauterine samples (N = 418) were collected at Weeks 5 and 7 postpartum using a cytobrush. After its withdrawal, swab samples were placed in mycoplasma culture broth at 37 °C for 72 hours. A novel and rapid polymerase chain reaction was used to detect seven mycoplasma species (Mycoplasma bovis, M. arginini, M. bovigenitalium, M. californicum, M. bovirhinis, M. alkalescens, and M. canadense). The cytobrush was also rolled gently along the length of a glass slide for subsequent polymorphonuclear neutrophil count. The diagnostic criteria for cytological endometritis were 6% or more and 4% or more polymorphonuclear neutrophils at Weeks 5 and 7, respectively. From a subset of cows, additional swabs were rolled against the cytobrush and then placed in transport medium. These samples were then plated on specific agar plates and cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to identify other bacteria present. The incidence of dystocia at the last calving was compared in mycoplasma positive and negative cows. Of the seven mycoplasma species, only M. bovigenitalium was detected; it was detected in 31 of the 418 uterine swabs (7.4%). Twenty-four cows were positive for M. bovigenitalium (eight cows at Week 5, nine cows at Week 7, and seven cows at both Weeks 5 and 7). The incidence of dystocia was higher (P < 0.0001) in mycoplasma positive (7/24; 29.2%) compared with mycoplasma negative (4/185; 2.2%) cows. However, there was no significant association between dystocia at last calving and subsequent uterine infection

Role of 3D Ultrasound and Doppler in Differentiating Clinically Suspected Cases of Leiomyoma and Adenomyosis of Uterus

PubMed Central

Sharma, Kaveri; Venkatesh, B.P; Barman, Partho; Roy, Sumit Kumar; Jayagurunathan, Usha; Sellamuthu, Eswaramoorthy; Moidu, Fazil

2015-01-01

Introduction Adenomyosis and Leiomyoma are common disorders affecting females in their reproductive age. They mimic each other in clinical presentation. Due to similarities in clinical symptoms and signs, missing one diagnosis in favour of the other is not very uncommon. Accurate diagnosis of these two conditions is important for their management. In this study we evaluated role of 3D Ultrasound and Doppler in differentiating clinically suspected cases of leiomyoma and adenomyosis of uterus. Materials and Methods A total of 100 patients with symptoms of abnormal uterine bleeding (with or without dysmenorrhoea), lump abdomen, chronic pelvic pain or dysparaunia who were clinically diagnosed as leiomyoma of uterus and/or adenomyosis were enrolled in to the study. These patients underwent transvaginal sonography (TVS), trans abdominal sonography (TAS) along with color and spectral Doppler sonography. Scanning was done in follicular phase of the menstrual cycle to avoid bias due high vascularity of endometrium in secretory phase. The morphology of the lesion, its vascularity, and Pulsality Index (PI), Resistive Index (RI) and Vmax (maximum velocity) were measured. Only those patients who were chosen for operative treatment were included in the study. Radiological diagnosis was then correlated with intra-operative and histopathological diagnosis. Results On imaging, while using morphological criteria and Doppler for diagnosing leiomyoma, it was found that “peripheral vascularity” was seen in 52 (89%) cases, which was the highest. Similarly while diagnosing adenomyosis it was, the criteria “central vascularity” was seen in 28 cases (93%) and “ill defined junctional zone in 3D ultrasound” was seen in 26 cases (86%), which was also observed to be highest. With the cut off values taken for PI,RI and Vmax, diagnosis of leiomyoma was found to be 93.4% sensitive, 95.6% specific and with a positive predictive value of 97.6% and negative predictive value of 88

Frequent β-catenin gene mutations in atypical polypoid adenomyoma of the uterus.

PubMed

Takahashi, Hiroyuki; Yoshida, Tsutomu; Matsumoto, Toshihide; Kameda, Yoichi; Takano, Yasuo; Tazo, Yuki; Inoue, Hisako; Saegusa, Makoto

2014-01-01

Atypical polypoid adenomyoma (APA) is an uncommon polypoid lesion of the uterus. To clarify the mechanism of its histogenesis, we examined the functional role of β-catenin, with reference to expression of p21(waf1), cyclin D1, cyclin E, CD10, and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), as well as cell proliferation, in 7 lesions. In the epithelial components, expression of nuclear β-catenin, p21(waf1), and cyclin D1 was increased in a stepwise fashion from normal tissue through complex atypical hyperplasia and adenomyoma to APA lesions, particularly in squamous morular areas, whereas cell proliferation, as well as cyclin E expression, was significantly decreased in the latter. Similar findings were evident in the stromal lesions, with the exception of a case of nuclear β-catenin. In addition, coexpression of CD10 and α-SMA markers was observed in the stromal components in 3 APA cases, in line with the results of normal secretory endometrial and adenomyoma samples, suggesting that cells progress to myofibromatous cells in response to differentiation-promoting events. Finally, β-catenin gene (CTNNB1) mutations were detected in all APA cases, the single nucleotide substitutions being in the epithelial but not the stromal components. These findings suggest that activation of β-catenin signaling, probably secondary to the gene abnormalities, plays an important role in the formation of the complex epithelial architecture in APAs, leading to inhibition of cell proliferation through overexpression of p21(waf1). In contrast, changes in the stromal cell phenotype may occur through a shift from CD10 to α-SMA immunopositivity, independent of CTNNB1 status. © 2013.

Non-identical distribution pattern of epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor in the mouse uterus during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy.

PubMed

Jaber, L; Kan, F W

1998-10-01

In the present study, we examined by immunohistochemistry the cell-specific distribution of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the mouse uterus during the oestrous cycle and throughout the first 7 days of pregnancy. Paraffin-embedded tissue samples were immunostained using the avidin-biotin peroxidase technique and then examined by light microscopy. Our results showed that immunostaining for EGF was detected in the stroma but not in the luminal or glandular epithelium. A high concentration of EGF was detected in the stroma around the time of embryo implantation at days 3, 4 and 5 of pregnancy. The implanted embryo at day 7 of gestation showed immunostaining for EGF between the ectoderm and endoderm layers. The cell distribution pattern for PDGF was found to be different from that observed with EGF. Luminal and glandular epithelia displayed PDGF immunostaining throughout the first 7 days of pregnancy, with the highest intensity at days 4 and 5 of gestation. In contrast, no immunostaining was observed in the luminal and glandular epithelia at post-oestrus, dioestrus and pro-oestrus stages. However, a weak reaction started to appear at oestrus. The embryo at the blastocyst stage displayed a strong immunoreaction for antibody against PDGF. In addition, the decidual boundary zone surrounding the implanted embryo at days 5, 6 and 7 of gestation also showed an immunostaining for PDGF. The present observations demonstrate clearly the presence of EGF and PDGF in the mouse uterus in high concentrations at the peri-implantation period. Thus, our results, together with what is known about the effect of EGF and PDGF in controlling the growth, differentiation and activation of a variety of cell types, suggest a possible role for these growth factors during the preparation of the endometrium for implantation in controlling the proliferation activity of stromal and/or epithelial cells.

The Transcriptome Signature of the Receptive Bovine Uterus Determined at Early Gestation

PubMed Central

Binelli, Mario; Scolari, Saara C.; Pugliesi, Guilherme; Van Hoeck, Veerle; Gonella-Diaza, Angela M.; Andrade, Sónia C. S.; Gasparin, Gustavo R.; Coutinho, Luiz L.

2015-01-01

Pregnancy success is critical to the profitability of cattle operations. However, the molecular events driving the uterine tissue towards embryo receptivity are poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the uterine transcriptome profiles of pregnant (P) versus non-pregnant (NP) cows during early pregnancy and attempted to define a potential set of marker genes that can be valuable for predicting pregnancy outcome. Therefore, beef cows were synchronized (n=51) and artificially inseminated (n=36) at detected estrus. Six days after AI (D6), jugular blood samples and a biopsy from the uterine horn contralateral to the ovary containing the corpus luteum were collected. Based on pregnancy outcome on D30, samples were retrospectively allocated to the following groups: P (n=6) and NP (n=5). Both groups had similar plasma progesterone concentrations on D6. Uterine biopsies were submitted to RNA-Seq analysis in a Illumina platform. The 272,685,768 million filtered reads were mapped to the Bos Taurus reference genome and 14,654 genes were analyzed for differential expression between groups. Transcriptome data showed that 216 genes are differently expressed when comparing NP versus P uterine tissue (Padj≤0.1). More specifically, 36 genes were up-regulated in P cows and 180 are up-regulated in NP cows. Functional enrichment and pathway analyses revealed enriched expression of genes associated with extracellular matrix remodeling in the NP cows and nucleotide binding, microsome and vesicular fraction in the P cows. From the 40 top-ranked genes, the transcript levels of nine genes were re-evaluated using qRT-PCR. In conclusion, this study characterized a unique set of genes, expressed in the uterus 6 days after insemination, that indicate a receptive state leading to pregnancy success. Furthermore, expression of such genes can be used as potential markers to efficiently predict pregnancy success. PMID:25849079

Cesarean Delivery Changes the Natural Position of the Uterus on Transvaginal Ultrasonography.

PubMed

Kaelin Agten, Andrea; Honart, Anne; Monteagudo, Ana; McClelland, Spencer; Basher, Basmy; Timor-Tritsch, Ilan E

2018-05-01

To assess whether cesarean delivery changes the natural position of the uterus. In this retrospective Institutional Review Board-approved cohort study, we conducted a search of our university gynecologic ultrasonography (US) database. Patients with transvaginal US images before and after either vaginal or cesarean delivery between 2012 and 2015 were included. Women with prior cesarean delivery were excluded. Two readers independently measured antepartum and postpartum flexion angles between the longitudinal axis of the uterine body and the cervix. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients to measure inter-reader agreement. Antepartum and postpartum uterine flexion angles were compared between patients with vaginal and cesarean delivery. We included 173 patients (107 vaginal and 66 cesarean delivery). The mean interval between scans ± SD was 18 ± 10 months. Inter-reader agreement for flexion angles was almost perfect (intraclass correlation coefficients: antepartum, 0.939; postpartum, 0.969; both P < .001). There was no difference in mean antepartum flexion angles for cesarean delivery (154.8° ± 45.7°) versus vaginal delivery (145.8° ± 43.7°; P = .216). Mean postpartum flexion angles were higher after cesarean delivery (180.4° ± 51.2°) versus vaginal delivery (152.8° ± 47.7°; P = .001. Differences in antepartum and postpartum flexion angles between cesarean and vaginal delivery were statistically significant (25.6° versus 7.0°; P = .027). Cesarean delivery can change the uterine flexion angle to a more retroflexed position. Therefore, all women with a history of cesarean delivery should undergo a transvaginal US examination before any gynecologic surgery or intrauterine device placement to reduce the possibility of surgical complications. © 2017 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

Molecular and cellular events during blastocyst implantation in the receptive uterus: clues from mouse models

PubMed Central

MATSUMOTO, Hiromichi

2017-01-01

The success of implantation is an interactive process between the blastocyst and the uterus. Synchronized development of embryos with uterine differentiation to a receptive state is necessary to complete pregnancy. The period of uterine receptivity for implantation is limited and referred to as the “implantation window”, which is regulated by ovarian steroid hormones. Implantation process is complicated due to the many signaling molecules in the hierarchical mechanisms with the embryo-uterine dialogue. The mouse is widely used in animal research, and is uniquely suited for reproductive studies, i.e., having a large litter size and brief estrous cycles. This review first describes why the mouse is the preferred model for implantation studies, focusing on uterine morphology and physiological traits, and then highlights the knowledge on uterine receptivity and the hormonal regulation of blastocyst implantation in mice. Our recent study revealed that selective proteolysis in the activated blastocyst is associated with the completion of blastocyst implantation after embryo transfer. Furthermore, in the context of blastocyst implantation in the mouse, this review discusses the window of uterine receptivity, hormonal regulation, uterine vascular permeability and angiogenesis, the delayed-implantation mouse model, morphogens, adhesion molecules, crosslinker proteins, extracellular matrix, and matricellular proteins. A better understanding of uterine and blastocyst biology during the peri-implantation period should facilitate further development of reproductive technology. PMID:28638003

Muscle segment homeobox genes direct embryonic diapause by limiting inflammation in the uterus

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cha, Jeeyeon; Burnum-Johnson, Kristin E.; Bartos, Amanda

Embryonic diapause (delayed implantation) is a reproductive strategy widespread in the animal kingdom. Under this condition, embryos at the blastocyst stage become dormant simultaneously with uterine quiescence until environmental or physiological conditions are favorable for the survival of the mother and newborn. Under favorable conditions, activation of the blastocyst and uterus ensues with implantation and progression of pregnancy. Although endocrine factors are known to participate in this process, the underlying molecular mechanism coordinating this phenomenon is not clearly understood. We recently found that uterine muscle segment homeobox (Msx) transcription factors are critical for the initiation and maintenance of delayed implantationmore » in mice. To better understand why Msx genes are critical for delayed implantation, we compared uterine proteomics profiles between littermate floxed (Msx1/Msx2f/f) mice and mice with uterine deletion of Msx genes (Msx1/Msx2d/d) under delayed conditions. In Msx1/Msx2d/d uteri, pathways including protein translation, ubiquitin-proteasome system, inflammation, chaperone-mediated protein folding, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were enriched, and computational modeling showed intersection of these pathways on inflammatory responses. Indeed, increases in the ubiquitin-proteasome system and inflammation conformed to proteotoxic and ER stress in Msx1/Msx2d/d uteri under delayed conditions. Interestingly, treatment with a proteasome inhibitor bortezomib further exacerbated ER stress in Msx1/Msx2d/d uteri with aggravated inflammatory response, deteriorating rate of blastocyst recovery and failure to sustain delayed implantation. This study highlights a previously unrecognized role for Msx in preventing proteotoxic stress and inflammatory responses to coordinate embryo dormancy and uterine quiescence during embryonic diapause.« less

Fasciola hepatica: a light and electron microscope study of the ovary and of the development of oocytes within eggs in the uterus provides an insight into reproductive strategy.

PubMed

Hanna, R E B; Moffett, D; Forster, F I; Trudgett, A G; Brennan, G P; Fairweather, I

2016-05-15

The ultrastructure of the ovary of Fasciola hepatica collected from field-infected sheep, was compared with that of flukes from laboratory-infected rats harbouring the Oberon or the Cullompton fluke isolate. At the periphery of the ovarian tubules, in all flukes, interstitial tissue was identified that appears to provide physical support and facilitate the metabolism of the germinal-line cells. Oogonia undergo mitotic division to maintain the cell population and to produce oocytes. Early oocytes feature conspicuous synaptonemal complexes in the nucleoplasm, and these become less evident as the oocytes grow in size, move towards the core of the ovarian tubule, and synthesise osmiophilic bodies. The latter may represent cortical granules, and serve to block polyspermy. The identity of the synaptonemal complexes was confirmed by immunocytochemical labelling of synaptonemal proteins. The occurrence of synaptonemal complexes in the oocytes of all fluke types examined indicates that pairing of bivalent chromosomes, with the potential for genetic recombination and chiasmata formation, is a feature of the triploid aspermic parthenogenetic Cullompton flukes, as well as of the wild-type out-breeding field-derived and Oberon isolate flukes. In oocytes within shelled eggs in the proximal uterus of all flukes, condensed chromosomes align at meiotic metaphase plates. Following the reduction division, two equal pronuclei appear in each oocyte in the distal uterus. On the basis of these observations, a mechanism of facultative parthenogenesis for F. hepatica is proposed that accommodates the survival and clonal expansion of triploid aspermic isolates. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Predominant Proteins that React to the MC-20 Estrogen Receptor Alpha Antibody Differ in Molecular Weight between the Mammary Gland and Uterus in the Mouse and Rat.

PubMed

Bollig-Fischer, Aliccia; Thakur, Archana; Sun, Yuan; Wu, Jiusheng; Liao, D Joshua

2012-03-01

There are many estrogen receptor α (ERα) antibodies available but few of them target a rodent ERα. Using the MC-20 antibody raised against the C-terminus of mouse ERα, we show in this communication that in the mammary gland of female mice and rats, the wild type (wt) ERα was detected on immunoblots as a dominant protein only during lactation, and the protein was lactating specific as it migrated slightly faster than the 67-kD wt ERα in the uterus, likely due to a different phosphorylation status. In contrast, in the nulliparous, pregnant, involuting and involuted mammary glands, the dominant protein recognized by MC-20 was about 61-kD, which is dubbed herein as "MC-20 reactive protein" or MC20RP in abbreviation as its identity is unknown. Our results showed that it was not derived from proteolysis or de-phosphorylation of the 67-kD ERα and was unlikely to be translated from an ERα mRNA variant. Ovariectomy decreased the lactating specific wt ERα but increased the 61-kD MC20RP in the mammary tumors from MMTV-c-myc transgenic mice but these two proteins in the uterus were unaffected. The 61-kD MC20RP was decreased in the mammary tumors, compared with proliferating mammary glands, in estrogen-treated ACI rats. These results suggest that while the lactating specific wt ERα alone or together with the MC20RP may sustain lactation, the MC20RP may support proliferation of the mammary gland and some mammary tumors.

Arterial Distribution of Calibrated Tris-Acryl Gelatin and Polyvinyl Alcohol Embolization Microspheres in Sheep Uterus

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Laurent, Alexandre, E-mail: alex.laurent@lrb.ap-hop-paris.f; Wassef, Michel; Namur, Julien

2010-10-15

The purpose of this study was to compare, after embolization, the distribution in the uterine arterial vasculature of tris-acryl gelatin microspheres (TGMS) and polyvinyl alcohol microspheres (PVAMS). A limited bilateral uterine artery embolization was performed in six adult sheep under fluoroscopic control by injecting in each uterine artery 0.25 ml of 500- to 700-{mu}m TGMS of PVAMS suspended in 50/50 saline/contrast medium. Sacrifices were performed 1 week after embolization and uteri were analyzed histologically. The number and size of microspheres and vessels were measured, as well as the histological location according to a classification in four zones of the uterus.more » One hundred sixty-five vessels (69 vessels occluded with TGMS and 96 vessels occluded with PVAMS) were measured. The size of the occluded vessels decreased significantly from proximal to distal zones of the uterine vasculature (P < 0.0001). The location of TGMS and PVAMS within the vasculature was significantly different (P < 0.0001) since PVAMS blocked significantly more distally than TGMS. Deformation of the microspheres within the tissue was greater for PVAMS (18.0% {+-} 12.3%) than for TGMS (8.7% {+-} 9.2%) (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, PVAMS have a more distal distribution in the sheep uterine vasculature, compared to TGMS. Such differences in partition, already described in the kidney embolization model, can ultimately explain the different clinical outcome reported with these two types of microspheres in uterine fibroid embolization.« less

Near-infrared optical properties of ex vivo human uterus determined by the Monte Carlo inversion technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ripley, P. M.; Laufer, J. G.; Gordon, A. D.; Connell, R. J.; Bown, S. G.

1999-10-01

The optical properties, absorption (µa) and reduced scattering coefficient (µs´), of ex vivo human myometrium and leiomyoma (fibroid) have been determined by the Monte Carlo inversion technique over the wavelength range 600 - 1000 nm. This region is currently of interest for new, minimal-access, surgical laser procedures such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) for abnormalities of the uterus, and interstitial laser photocoagulation (ILP) for the thermal ablation of fibroids. In the region 630 - 675 nm (corresponding to PDT), the optical coefficients of myometrium are µa = 0.041±0.012 mm-1 and µs´ = 1.37±0.19 mm-1. For the wavelength range 800-1000 nm (associated with infrared lasers for ILP), the optical coefficients of fibroid were found to be µa = 0.020±0.003 mm-1 and µs´ = 0.56±0.03 mm-1. Overall, the optical properties of fibroid were found to be lower than myometrium, and this was attributed to the differences in both anatomy and vascularity. The results show that PDT for ablation of the uterine endometrium is most unlikely to affect any tissues beyond the myometrium, and that the region around 800 nm is the most effective for ablation of fibroids using ILP as the penetration depth of light is greatest at this wavelength.

A Rare Case of Intra-Endometrial Leiomyoma of Uterus Simulating Degenerated Submucosal Leiomyoma Accompanied by a Large Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor.

PubMed

Jeong, Kyungah; Lee, Sa Ra; Park, Sanghui

2016-03-01

A 50-year-old peri-menopausal woman presented with hard palpable mass on her lower abdomen and anemia from heavy menstrual bleeding. Ultrasonography showed a 13×12 cm sized hypoechoic solid mass in pelvis and a 2.5×2 cm hypoechoic cystic mass in uterine endometrium. Abdomino-pelvic computed tomography revealed a hypodense pelvic mass without enhancement, suggesting a leiomyoma of intraligamentary type or sex cord tumor of right ovary with submucosal myoma of uterus. Laparoscopy revealed a large Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of right ovary with a very rare entity of intra-endometrial uterine leiomyoma accompanied by adenomyosis. The final diagnosis of ovarian sex-cord tumor (Sertoli-Leydig cell), stage Ia with intra-endometrial leiomyoma with adenomyosis, was made. Considering the large size of the tumor and poorly differentiated nature, 6 cycles of chemotherapy with Taxol and Carboplatin regimen were administered. There is neither evidence of major complications nor recurrence during 20 months' follow-up.

Persistently Altered Epigenetic Marks in the Mouse Uterus After Neonatal Estrogen Exposure

PubMed Central

Jefferson, Wendy N.; Chevalier, Dominique M.; Phelps, Jazma Y.; Cantor, Amy M.; Padilla-Banks, Elizabeth; Newbold, Retha R.; Archer, Trevor K.; Kinyamu, H. Karimi

2013-01-01

Neonatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) causes permanent alterations in female reproductive tract gene expression, infertility, and uterine cancer in mice. To determine whether epigenetic mechanisms could explain these phenotypes, we first tested whether DES altered uterine expression of chromatin-modifying proteins. DES treatment significantly reduced expression of methylcytosine dioxygenase TET oncogene family, member 1 (TET1) on postnatal day 5; this decrease was correlated with a subtle decrease in DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in adults. There were also significant reductions in histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), histone lysine acetyltransferase 2A (KAT2A), and histone deacetylases HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3. Uterine chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to analyze the locus-specific association of modified histones with 2 genes, lactoferrin (Ltf) and sine oculis homeobox 1 (Six1), which are permanently upregulated in adults after neonatal DES treatment. Three histone modifications associated with active transcription, histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac), H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), and H4 lysine 5 acetylation (H4K5ac) were enriched at specific Ltf promoter regions after DES treatment, but this enrichment was not maintained in adults. H3K9ac, H4K5ac, and H3K4me3 were enriched at Six1 exon 1 immediately after neonatal DES treatment. As adults, DES-treated mice had greater differences in H4K5ac and H3K4me3 occupancy at Six1 exon 1 and new differences in these histone marks at an upstream region. These findings indicate that neonatal DES exposure temporarily alters expression of multiple chromatin-modifying proteins and persistently alters epigenetic marks in the adult uterus at the Six1 locus, suggesting a mechanism for developmental exposures leading to altered reproductive function and increased cancer risk. PMID:24002655

Papillary serous carcinoma of the uterus: increased risk of subsequent or concurrent development of breast carcinoma.

PubMed

Geisler, J P; Sorosky, J I; Duong, H L; Buekers, T E; Geisler, M J; Sood, A K; Anderson, B; Buller, R E

2001-12-01

Some women with endometrial cancer may be at increased risk for developing breast cancer. The histologic type of endometrial cancer associated with synchronous or subsequent breast cancer has not been clearly established. Our purpose was to determine if a certain histologic type of endometrial cancer was associated with an increased risk of synchronous or subsequent breast cancer. The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics tumor registry was queried to ascertain all patients with the diagnosis of uterine cancer from January 1, 1983, to December 31, 1994. Statistics were performed utilizing SPSS for Windows version 9.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL), including Student's t tests and chi(2) tests. Five hundred ninety-two patients had endometrial adenocarcinoma during the study period. Five hundred thirty-six women had endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 23 women had papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC), 21 women had adenosquamous carcinoma, 10 women had clear-cell carcinoma, and 1 woman each had mucinous or squamous carcinoma. Twelve patients had previously been diagnosed with breast carcinomas. Twenty-five patients were diagnosed with breast cancer either concurrently or subsequent to their diagnosis of endometrial cancer. Synchronous or subsequent breast cancers developed in 3.2% of patients with endometrioid carcinoma and in 25% of patients with UPSC (P < 0.001). Patients with UPSC have an increased risk of development of breast cancer as compared to patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus. (c)2001 Elsevier Science.

Tachykinin receptor and neutral endopeptidase gene expression in the rat uterus: characterization and regulation in response to ovarian steroid treatment.

PubMed

Pinto, F M; Armesto, C P; Magraner, J; Trujillo, M; Martín, J D; Candenas, M L

1999-06-01

Tachykinin neuropeptides, such as substance P, are localized to a population of sensory fibers that innervate the mammalian female reproductive tract. In the present study, we have characterized tachykinin NK1 receptor (NK1R), NK2 receptor (NK2R), and NK3 receptor (NK3R) gene expression by semiquantitative RT-PCR in uteri from ovariectomized rats and studied their regulation in response to 17beta-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), or a combination of both. In addition, we analyzed the expression and regulation of the neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP), the most important enzyme involved in tachykinin degradation in the rat uterus. In uteri from control (olive oil-treated) rats, RT-PCR assays revealed single bands corresponding to the expected product sizes encoding complementary DNA for NK1R (232 bp), NK2R (491 bp), NK3R (325 bp), and NEP (221 bp). The identity of the amplified fragments was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. Compared with control rats, NK1R messenger RNA (mRNA) was increased by 2-fold in uteri from rats treated with E2, was decreased by 3.3-fold in rats treated with P4, and was decreased by 1.8-fold in rats treated with both E2 and P4. Uterine NK2R mRNA levels were not altered by any steroid treatment. E2 treatment decreased by 15-fold NK3R mRNA. P4 was without effect if administered alone and did not influence the E2-induced decrease in NK3R mRNA. NEP mRNA levels were about 4-fold lower in E2-treated than in P4-treated rats. Functional studies were carried out in uteri from E2- or P4-treated ovariectomized rats to characterize the contractile response evoked by the selective tachykinin receptor agonists [Sar9Met(O2)11]substance P (NK1R selective), [Nle10]NKA-(4-10) (NK2R selective), and [MePhe7]NKB (NK3R selective) in the presence of the NEP inhibitor phosphoramidon (1 microM). A marked correlation was observed between the magnitude of the contractile response to each agonist and the level of expression determined by RT-PCR for each tachykinin

Atypical Findings on Cervicovaginal Smears Correlate with Cervical Involvement by Malignant Mixed Müllerian Tumors of the Uterus.

PubMed

Hanley, Krisztina Z; Oprea-Ilies, Gabriela; Ormenisan, Claudia; Seydafkan, Shabnam; Mosunjac, Marina B

2015-01-01

A malignant mixed müllerian tumor (MMMT) is a high-grade neoplasm commonly arising from the uterus. Patients present with bleeding and a mass protruding from the cervix. This study was designed to correlate Papanicolaou (Pap) smear findings with histological findings in women diagnosed with MMMT. Women diagnosed with MMMT were identified. Preoperative Pap tests were correlated with histological findings. Statistical analysis was performed to assess associations between abnormal Pap tests and histological findings. Forty patients with MMMT were included in the study. Age ranged from 37-85 years and tumor size ranged from 1.2 to 21 cm. In presurgical Pap tests (4 conventional and 36 liquid based), 11 smears (27.5%) were diagnosed as negative, 5 (12.5%) as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 6 (15%) as atypical glandular cells, 16 (40%) as malignant and 2 (5%) as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Malignant cells detected on Pap smears showed a strong correlation with endocervical involvement by MMMT (p = 0.002). Larger tumors were more likely to involve the cervix (p = 0.0115). The Pap test can predict cervical involvement by MMMT. On Pap smears, MMMT cells showed no correlation with other adverse histological features (lymphovascular invasion, myoinvasion or adnexal involvement). © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Mesothelial Cysts of the Round Ligament of the Uterus in 9 Patients: a 15-year experience.

PubMed

Tirnaksiz, Mehmet; Erkan, Arman; Dogrul, Ahmet Bulent; Abbasoglu, Osman

2016-04-04

Aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristic features of patients with mesothelial cyst of the round ligament of the uterus and the incidence of this entity. This was a retrospective review of 3065 patients who underwent inguinal exploration for groin mass from 1998 to 2013. Clinical, radiological and histopathological features of patients with a diagnosis of mesothelial cyst of the round ligament were analyzed. Of the 405 female patients reviewed 9 mesothelial cysts of the round ligament were identified (2.2%). The median age was 37 (range 19-82 years). In all patients the groin mass was manually irreducible on physical examination. The lesions were on the right side in 6 (66.6%) patients. These were identified before surgery in 4 (all by groin ultrasonography). Three were misidentified as a hernia before surgery. The remaining 2 (22%) had both hernia and the mesothelial cyst of the round ligament. The cysts were identified after surgery at the time of histopathological examination in these two patients. In all patients histopathological examination revealed multilobular cystic lesion lined by a single layer of mesothelial cells. Cystic lesions arising from the round ligament were identified and excised along with the round ligament in 7 patients. In the remaining 2, a hernia repair was also performed. There was no recurrence at follow-up. Mesothelial cysts of the round ligament are rare. They are easily misidentified as groin hernia. An accurate diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and is greatly aided by preoperative imaging studies.

Relationships between sexual behaviour, dominant follicle area, uterus ultrasonic image and pregnancy rate in mares of two breeds differing in reproductive efficiency.

PubMed

Górecka, Aleksandra; Jezierski, Tadeusz A; Słoniewski, Krzysztof

2005-07-01

Weak or equivocal expression of oestrous behaviour, related to different level of mares' reactivity, may cause problems in oestrus detection and thus influence the reproductive efficiency. The aim of the study was to test whether a breed characterised by low pregnancy rate and high emotional reactivity (Thoroughbreds) differs in oestrous behaviour from a primitive breed with higher reproductive efficiency (Koniks). Additionally, the follicle size was examined to determine how it influences the intensity of oestrus and uterine ultrasonic image and whether the pregnancy rate differs in relation to the intensity of oestrous behaviour and the size of the dominant follicle(s) area on day preceding ovulation in both breeds. During four reproductive seasons the behaviour of 20 Konik polski (K) and 37 Thoroughbred (T) was observed during daily teasing. Simultaneously, the ultrasonic examinations of the reproductive system were carried out. The behaviour of mares was quantified by scoring on an 8-point scale (behavioural score, BS), according to increasing sexual receptivity. Cross-sectional follicular area (FA) was taken as a product of the two largest perpendicular follicular diameters and mean values for each breed were estimated on 1693 and 1982 mm2 for K and T mares, respectively (P < 0.05). Mares were classified according to the pooled area of dominant follicle (FA) during the preovulatory period: group A (FA < or = breed mean) and group B (FA > breed mean). Uterus image (UI) was scored (1-5) according to the increasing uterine echogenicity. The BS was higher (P < 0.01) in K mares (BS = 5.19) than in T mares (BS = 4.04). The BS was significantly related to increasing follicular area (FA). There was no breed difference in uterus image (UI) score. However, significant regression of UI on FA was found in K mares. The intensity of oestrus was positively related with UI (r = 0.29; P < 0.01) only in K mares, no such relationship was found in T mares. The pregnancy rate was

Endothelin induces two types of contractions of rat uterus: phasic contractions by way of voltage-dependent calcium channels and developing contractions through a second type of calcium channels

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kozuka, M.; Ito, T.; Hirose, S.

1989-02-28

Effects of endothelin on nonvascular smooth muscle have been examined using rat uterine horns and two modes of endothelin action have been revealed. Endothelin (0.3 nM) caused rhythmic contractions of isolated uterus in the presence of extracellular calcium. The rhythmic contractions were completely inhibited by calcium channel antagonists. These characteristics of endothelin-induced contractions were very similar to those induced by oxytocin. Binding assays using /sup 125/I-endothelin showed that endothelin and the calcium channel blockers did not compete for the binding sites. However, endothelin was unique in that it caused, in addition to rhythmic contractions, a slowly developing monophasic contraction thatmore » was insensitive to calcium channel blockers. This developing contraction became dominant at higher concentrations of endothelin and was also calcium dependent.« less

Combinatorial effects of quercetin and sex-steroids on fluid and electrolytes’ (Na+, Cl-, HCO3-) secretory mechanisms in the uterus of ovariectomised female Sprague-Dawley rats

PubMed Central

Shahzad, Huma; Giribabu, Nelli; Karim, Kamarulzaman; Kassim, Normadiah M.; Muniandy, Sekaran

2017-01-01

Dysregulation of uterine fluid environment could impair successful reproduction and this could be due to the effect of environmental estrogens. Therefore, in this study, effect of quercetin, an environmental estrogen on uterine fluid and electrolytes concentrations were investigated under sex-steroid influence. Ovariectomised adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were given 10, 50 or 100mg/kg/day quercetin subcutaneously with 17-β estradiol (E) for seven days or three days E, then three days E plus progesterone (P) (E+P) treatment. Uterine fluid secretion rate, Na+, Cl- and HCO3- concentrations were determined by in-vivo perfusion. Following sacrifice, uteri were harvested and levels of the proteins of interest were identified by Western blotting and Realtime PCR. Distribution of these proteins in the uterus was observed by immunofluorescence. Levels of uterine cAMP were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA). Administration of quercetin at increasing doses increased uterine fluid secretion rate, Na+, Cl- and HCO3- concentrations, but to the levels lesser than that of E. In concordant, levels of CFTR, SLC4A4, ENaC (α, β and γ), Na+/K+-ATPase, GPα/β, AC and cAMP in the uterus increased following increased in the doses of quercetin. Co-administration of quercetin with E caused uterine fluid secretion rate, Na+, Cl- and HCO3- concentrations to decrease. In concordant, uterine CFTR, SLC26A6, SLC4A4, ENaC (α, β and γ), Na+/K+-ATPase, GPα/β, AC and cAMP decreased. Greatest effects were observed following co-administration of 10mg/kg/day quercetin with E. Co-administration of quercetin with E+P caused uterine fluid Na+ and HCO3- concentrations to increase but no changes in fluid secretion rate and Cl- concentration were observed. Co-administration of high dose quercetin (100 mg/kg/day) with E+P caused uterine CFTR, SLC26A6, AC, GPα/β and ENaC (α, β and γ) to increase. Quercetin-induced changes in the uterine fluid secretion rate and electrolytes

Kal Dristi , Stolen Babies and 'Blocked Uteruses': Poverty and Infertility Anxieties among Married Adolescent Women Living in a Slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

PubMed

Rashid, Sabina Faiz

2007-08-01

The paper is about the neglect of infertility and women's interests in the health policy of developing countries, and how this shapes married adolescent women's understandings and practices surrounding infertility. Ethnographic fieldwork among married adolescent girls, aged 15-19, was carried out in a slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh from December 2001 to January 2003, including 50 in-depth interviews and eight case studies from 153 married adolescent girls, and observations and discussions with family and community members. There are newer understandings with the re-labelling of infertility from spirit world afflictions to something that is also attributed to family planning and 'build up of fat' in the uterus and stomach. Corrective practices range from not using or discontinuing a contraceptive method, dilatation and curettage (D&C) and visiting traditional healers. The absence of state services to address infertility concerns has implications for contraceptive use, with unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions. Local beliefs continue to largely attribute the primary cause of infertility to the spirit world, but the emergence of newer infertility understandings reveal the influence of Western cultural beliefs (family planning campaigns, health practices influenced by biomedicine) and highlight the gender politics in the harsh environment of urban slums.

Uterine-Specific Loss of Tsc2 Leads to Myometrial Tumors in Both the Uterus and Lungs

PubMed Central

Prizant, Hen; Sen, Aritro; Light, Allison; Cho, Sung-Nam; DeMayo, Francesco J.; Lydon, John P.

2013-01-01

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease characterized by proliferation of abnormal smooth-muscle cells in the lungs, leading to functional loss and sometimes lung transplantation. Although the origin of LAM cells is unknown, several features of LAM provide clues. First, LAM cells contain inactivating mutations in genes encoding Tsc1 or Tsc2, proteins that limit mTORC1 activity. Second, LAM tumors recur after lung transplantation, suggesting a metastatic pathogenesis. Third, LAM is found almost exclusively in women. Finally, LAM shares features with uterine leiomyomas, benign tumors of myometrial cells. From these observations, we proposed that LAM cells might originate from uterine leiomyomas containing Tsc mutations. To test our hypothesis, and to develop mouse models for leiomyoma and LAM, we targeted Tsc2 deletion primarily in uterine cells. In fact, nearly 100% of uteri from uterine-specific Tsc2 knockout mice developed myometrial proliferation and uterine leiomyomas by 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. Myometrial proliferation and mTORC1/S6 activity were abrogated by the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin or by elimination of sex steroid production through ovariectomy or aromatase inhibition. In ovariectomized Tsc2 null mice, mTORC1/S6 activity and myometrial growth were restored by estrogen but not progesterone. Thus, even without Tsc2, estrogen appears to be required for myometrial mTORC1/S6 signaling and proliferation. Finally, we found Tsc2 null myometrial tumors in lungs of older Tsc2 uterine-specific knockout females, suggesting that lung LAM-like myometrial lesions may indeed originate from the uterus. This mouse model may improve our understanding of LAM and leiomyomas and might lead to novel therapeutic strategies for both diseases. PMID:23820898

Tualang Honey Protects against BPA-Induced Morphological Abnormalities and Disruption of ERα, ERβ, and C3 mRNA and Protein Expressions in the Uterus of Rats

PubMed Central

Mohamad Zaid, Siti Sarah; Kassim, Normadiah M.; Othman, Shatrah

2015-01-01

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) that can disrupt the normal functions of the reproductive system. The objective of the study is to investigate the potential protective effects of Tualang honey against BPA-induced uterine toxicity in pubertal rats. The rats were administered with BPA by oral gavage over a period of six weeks. Uterine toxicity in BPA-exposed rats was determined by the degree of the morphological abnormalities, increased lipid peroxidation, and dysregulated expression and distribution of ERα, ERβ, and C3 as compared to the control rats. Concurrent treatment of rats with BPA and Tualang honey significantly improved the uterine morphological abnormalities, reduced lipid peroxidation, and normalized ERα, ERβ, and C3 expressions and distribution. There were no abnormal changes observed in rats treated with Tualang honey alone, comparable with the control rats. In conclusion, Tualang honey has potential roles in protecting the uterus from BPA-induced toxicity, possibly accounted for by its phytochemical properties. PMID:26788107

Activation of neurokinin NK(2) receptors by tachykinin peptides causes contraction of uterus in pregnant women near term.

PubMed

Patak, E N; Ziccone, S; Story, M E; Fleming, A J; Lilley, A; Pennefather, J N

2000-06-01

The aim of this study was firstly to elucidate whether the mammalian tachykinins substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and neurokinin B (NKB)-regulated contractility of myometrium obtained from near-term pregnant women, and secondly to investigate the receptor subtype(s) responsible. In the presence of peptidase inhibitors, i.e. thiorphan (3 micromol/l; endopeptidase 24.11 inhibitor), captopril (10 micromol/l; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) and bestatin (10 micromol/l; aminopeptidase inhibitor); all three mammalian tachykinins elicited concentration-related contractions of isolated myometrial preparations. The rank order of agonist potency of the mammalian tachykinins in the presence of the peptidase inhibitors was NKA > SP = NKB, indicating that the contractile effects were mediated by activation of an NK(2) receptor. The NK(2) receptor-selective agonist, [Lys(5), MeLeu(9), Nle(10)]NKA(4-10), produced concentration-related contractile responses, while the respective NK(1) and NK(3) receptor-selective agonists, [Sar(9), Met(O(2))(11)]SP and [N-MePhe(7)]NKB, had no effect either in the absence or presence of the peptidase inhibitors. The NK(2) receptor-selective antagonist, SR48968, produced concentration-related rightward shift in the log concentration curve to [Lys(5), MeLeu(9), Nle(10)]NKA(4-10). This study shows that tachykinins elicit contractile effects on human myometrium obtained from pregnant women near term, and that these effects are mediated by an NK(2) receptor. An excitatory effect of the tachykinins on these preparations could indicate a physiological role for these peptides in enhancing contractility of the uterus in women at term.

Communication requested: Boar semen transport through the uterus and possible consequences for insemination.

PubMed

Rath, D; Knorr, C; Taylor, U

2016-01-01

Recent insemination techniques bypass the interactions between sperm and the uterine wall because the semen is deposited deep into the tip of uterine horn or directly into the oviduct. Such techniques allow high dilution of the ejaculates. After normal mating, semen entering the uterus communicates with the uterine milieu. Intact sperm of high mitochondrial membrane potential bind to uterine epithelial cells, whereas most of the unbound sperm in the uterine lumen have damaged membranes. Lectins are the most likely factors to mediate these sperm-uterine interactions. The lectin wheat germ agglutinin is known to induce the strongest binding of sperm, whereas binding is impaired when sialic acid receptors are blocked by wheat germ agglutinin. This suggests that sialic acid is involved in porcine sperm-endometrium interactions, and it is hypothesized that the use of a semen extender supplemented with sialidase would allow insemination with reduced sperm numbers. A lack of contact of sperm and seminal plasma with the uterine wall, as a result of deep insemination, may adversely affect (1) events during ovulation, (2) induction of immunologic tolerance against paternal antigens, (3) preparation of the endometrium for implantation and placentation, and (4) immunologic support required for the fetus during pregnancy. Seminal plasma is known to signal post-insemination changes in the uterine endometrium involving the redistribution of leukocytes. This may involve migration of leukocytes from the uterine wall to the ovary, as seminal plasma particularly increases the appearance of the major histocompatibility complex class II-positive cells. Uterine epithelial cells respond to sperm binding by the production of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines. These cytokines may include synchronizing substances, transferred through a counter-current pathway to the ipsilateral ovary, thereby accelerating the final maturation of preovulatory follicles and advancing time of ovulation. In

Histopathologic Changes in the Uterus, Cervix and Vagina of Immature CD-1 Mice Exposed to Low Doses of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in a Uterotrophic Assay

PubMed Central

Dixon, Darlene; Reed, Casey E.; Moore, Alicia B.; Gibbs-Flournoy, Eugene A.; Hines, Erin P.; Wallace, Elizabeth A.; Stanko, Jason P.; Lu, Yi; Jefferson, Wendy N.; Newbold, Retha R.; Fenton, Suzanne E.

2011-01-01

The estrogenic and antiestrogenic potential of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was assessed using an immature mouse uterotrophic assay and by histologic evaluation of the uterus, cervix and vagina following treatment. Female offspring of CD-1 dams were weaned at 18 days old and assigned to groups of equal weight, and received 0, 0.01, 0.1, or 1 mg PFOA/kg BW/d by gavage with or without 17-β estradiol (E2, 500 μg/kg/d) from PND18-20 (n=8/treatment/block). At 24 hr after the third dose (PND 21), uteri were removed and weighed. Absolute and relative uterine weights were significantly increased in the 0.01 mg/kg PFOA only group. Characteristic estrogenic changes were present in all E2-treated mice; however, they were minimally visible in the 0.01 PFOA only mice. These data suggest that at a low dose PFOA produces minimal histopathologic changes in the reproductive tract of immature female mice, and does not antagonize the cellular effects of E2. PMID:22146484

[PROLONGED RETAINED PLACENTA ACCRETA IN THE UTERUS AFTER VAGINAL DELIVERY (A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE)].

PubMed

Nashar, S V; Dimitrova, V; Zlatkov, V; Frandeva, B; Dimitrov, A

2015-01-01

A case of prolonged retention in the uterus of placenta accreta after vaginal delivery is reported in the paper. The patient was 20 years old G3, P0 with two pregnancy terminations on request. She was admitted to the obstetric department of a regional hospital one day after the EDD with irregular contractions and non reassuring CTG. A few hours later intrauterine fetal demise occurred. Spontaneous labor commenced and a stillborn growth retarded fetus was delivered. Methergin was administered during the third stage of labor, but the placenta was not separated even after repeated Crede maneuvers, the last one under anesthesia. Since cervical spasm was present, the attempts for manual or instrumental separation of the placenta were unsuccessful. There was no genital bleeding, so further conservative approach was followed including continuous IV infusion of uterotonics, combined antibiotic therapy, close observation of the vital signs and the laboratory indicators. Three days after delivery the patient was transferred to a University Hospital because of subfebrile temperature. Her general condition on admission, although subfebrile, was good, there was no genital bleeding, the cervix was closed. The subfebrile temperatrure persisted despite antibiotic treatment; CRP was elevated (51,9 mg/l.). Because of suspicion for endomyometritis, on day 8th after delivery instrumental extraction of the placenta was undertaken with preparedness for hysterectomy in case of need. Although the procedure was difficult, with the placenta being extracted in parts, bleeding was scarce. The post operative period was uneventful and the patient was discharged from hospital five days after the intervention. A review of literature on the obstetric management of cases with retained placenta accreta after vaginal delivery is presented. The existing therapeutic options are discussed including their advantages and complications.

Expression of Hormonal Carcinogenesis Genes and Related Regulatory microRNAs in Uterus and Ovaries of DDT-Treated Female Rats.

PubMed

Kalinina, T S; Kononchuk, V V; Gulyaeva, L F

2017-10-01

The insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is a nonmutagenic xenobiotic compound able to exert estrogen-like effects resulting in activation of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) followed by changed expression of its downstream target genes. In addition, studies performed over recent years suggest that DDT may also influence expression of microRNAs. However, an impact of DDT on expression of ER, microRNAs, and related target genes has not been fully elucidated. Here, using real-time PCR, we assessed changes in expression of key genes involved in hormonal carcinogenesis as well as potentially related regulatory oncogenic/tumor suppressor microRNAs and their target genes in the uterus and ovaries of female Wistar rats during single and chronic multiple-dose DDT exposure. We found that applying DDT results in altered expression of microRNAs-221, -222, -205, -126a, and -429, their target genes (Pten, Dicer1), as well as genes involved in hormonal carcinogenesis (Esr1, Pgr, Ccnd1, Cyp19a1). Notably, Cyp19a1 expression seems to be also regulated by microRNAs-221, -222, and -205. The data suggest that epigenetic effects induced by DDT as a potential carcinogen may be based on at least two mechanisms: (i) activation of ERα followed by altered expression of the target genes encoding receptor Pgr and Ccnd1 as well as impaired expression of Cyp19a1, affecting, thereby, cell hormone balance; and (ii) changed expression of microRNAs resulting in impaired expression of related target genes including reduced level of Cyp19a1 mRNA.

Altered microRNA expression patterns during the initiation and promotion stages of neonatal diethylstilbestrol-induced dysplasia/neoplasia in the hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) uterus.

PubMed

Padmanabhan, Ramesh; Hendry, Isabel R; Knapp, Jennifer R; Shuai, Bin; Hendry, William J

2017-10-01

Treatment of Syrian hamsters on the day of birth with the prototypical endocrine disruptor and synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), leads to 100% occurrence of uterine hyperplasia/dysplasia in adulthood, a large proportion of which progress to neoplasia (endometrial adenocarcinoma). Consistent with our prior gene expression analyses at the mRNA and protein levels, we now report (based on microarray, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and in situ hybridization analyses) that progression of the neonatal DES-induced dysplasia/neoplasia phenomenon in the hamster uterus also includes a spectrum of microRNA expression alterations (at both the whole-organ and cell-specific level) that differ during the initiation (upregulated miR-21, 200a, 200b, 200c, 29a, 29b, 429, 141; downregulated miR-181a) and promotion (downregulated miR-133a) stages of the phenomenon. The biological processes targeted by those differentially expressed miRNAs include pathways in cancer and adherens junction, plus regulation of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and miRNA functions, all of which are consistent with our model system phenotype. These findings underscore the need for continued efforts to identify and assess both the classical genetic and the more recently recognized epigenetic mechanisms that truly drive this and other endocrine disruption phenomena.

Viral particles of endogenous betaretroviruses are released in the sheep uterus and infect the conceptus trophectoderm in a transspecies embryo transfer model.

PubMed

Black, Sarah G; Arnaud, Frederick; Burghardt, Robert C; Satterfield, M Carey; Fleming, Jo-Ann G W; Long, Charles R; Hanna, Carol; Murphy, Lita; Biek, Roman; Palmarini, Massimo; Spencer, Thomas E

2010-09-01

The sheep genome contains multiple copies of endogenous betaretroviruses highly related to the exogenous and oncogenic jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). The endogenous JSRVs (enJSRVs) are abundantly expressed in the uterine luminal and glandular epithelia as well as in the conceptus trophectoderm and are essential for conceptus elongation and trophectoderm growth and development. Of note, enJSRVs are present in sheep and goats but not cattle. At least 5 of the 27 enJSRV loci cloned to date possess an intact genomic organization and are able to produce viral particles in vitro. In this study, we found that enJSRVs form viral particles that are released into the uterine lumen of sheep. In order to test the infectious potential of enJSRV particles in the uterus, we transferred bovine blastocysts into synchronized ovine recipients and allowed them to develop for 13 days. Analysis of microdissected trophectoderm of the bovine conceptuses revealed the presence of enJSRV RNA and, in some cases, DNA. Interestingly, we found that RNAs belonging to only the most recently integrated enJSRV loci were packaged into viral particles and transmitted to the trophectoderm. Collectively, these results support the hypothesis that intact enJSRV loci expressed in the uterine endometrial epithelia are shed into the uterine lumen and could potentially transduce the conceptus trophectoderm. The essential role played by enJSRVs in sheep reproductive biology could also be played by endometrium-derived viral particles that influence development and differentiation of the trophectoderm.

Histopathologycal findings in the ovaries and uterus of albino female rats promoted by co-administration of synthetic steroids and nicotine.

PubMed

Camargo, Isabel Cristina Cherici; Leite, Gabriel Adan Araújo; Pinto, Tiago; Ribeiro-Paes, João Tadeu

2014-07-01

The use of anabolic androgenic steroids is often associated with the use of other substances, licit or not, such as nicotine present in the tobacco. The present study investigated for the first time the effects of co-administration of synthetic steroids and nicotine on the ovarian and uterine tissue and fertility of adult female rats. Animals were submitted to treatment groups (n=16/group): nandrolone decanoate (ND; 7.5mg/kg BW/week); testosterone mixture (T; 7.5mg/kg BW/week); nicotine (N; 2.0mg/kg BW/day), and co-administration of ND/N, T/N and ND/T/N. The control group received saline solution daily. The injections were administered subcutaneously for 30 consecutive days. Results demonstrated that all androgenized rats exhibited estral acyclicity and there was suppression of reproductive capacity due to notable ovarian and uterine histological changes. Treatments promoted decrease (p<0.05) in the ovarian weight. Uterine weight increased (p<0.05) in the T and T/N groups, in comparison to control group. ND or T co-administered or not to nicotine promoted intense follicular degeneration, with formation of cysts in the ovaries. High levels of circulating androgens in the ND/T/N group induced the presence of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors of Sertoli cell pattern. Androgenized females presented endometrial changes characterized by papilliferous or pleated luminal epithelium, oedematous and hemorrhagic stroma and presence of gland cysts. In conclusion, the co-administration of three drugs promoted atypical morphological pattern on the ovaries and uterus of female rats. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Regulation of the stimulant actions of neurokinin a and human hemokinin-1 on the human uterus: a comparison with histamine.

PubMed

Pennefather, Jocelyn N; Patak, Eva; Ziccone, Sebastian; Lilley, Alison; Pinto, Francisco M; Page, Nigel M; Story, Margot E; Grover, Sonia; Candenas, M Luz

2006-09-01

Regulation of the contractile effects of tachykinins and histamine on the human uterus was investigated with biopsy sections of the outer myometrial layer. The effects of neurokinin A (NKA) and human hemokinin-1 (hHK-1) in tissues from pregnant but not from nonpregnant women were enhanced by the inhibition of neprilysin. The effects of NKA and eledoisin were blocked by the NK2 receptor antagonist SR 48968 but not by the NK1 receptor antagonist SR 140333 in tissues from both groups of women. Human HK-1 acted as a partial agonist blocked by SR 48968 and, to a lesser extent, by SR 140333; endokinin D was inactive. In tissues from pregnant women, responses to high potassium-containing Krebs solution were 2-3-fold higher than those from nonpregnant women. Mepyramine-sensitive maximal responses to histamine were similarly enhanced. The absolute maximum responses to NKA and its stable NK2 receptor-selective analogue, [Lys5MeLeu9Nle10]NKA(4-10), were increased in pregnancy, but their efficacies relative to potassium responses were decreased. Tachykinin potencies were lower in tissues from pregnant women than in those from nonpregnant women. These data 1) show for the first time that hHK-1 is a uterine stimulant in the human, 2) confirm that the NK2 receptor is predominant in mediating tachykinin actions on the human myometrium, and 3) indicate that mammalian tachykinin effects are tightly regulated during pregnancy in a manner that would negate an inappropriate uterotonic effect. The potencies of these peptides in tissues from nonpregnant women undergoing hysterectomy are consistent with their possible role in menstrual and menopausal disorders.

The use of tenoxicam to prevent symptoms of discomfort induced by vagotonia during uterus manipulation in cesarean sections

PubMed Central

Chen, Shih-Hong; Chen, Shiou-Sheng; Chang, Ching-Tao; Huang, Chi-Hsiang; Fan, Shou-Zen; Chen, Li-Kuei

2017-01-01

Abstract Purpose: Symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, tightness of the chest, bradycardia, and shoulder or abdominal discomfort, caused by vagotonia occurring during uterus manipulation, have concerned healthcare professionals for some time. Patients sometimes report these symptoms when undergoing spinal anesthesia for cesarean sections (CSs). We designed a prospective, double-blind study to investigate the effectiveness of tenoxicam in preventing these symptoms of discomfort. Methods: A total of 105 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I-II nulliparous pregnant women, who were scheduled for a CS, were enrolled into this prospective, double-blind study. Spinal anesthesia was conducted to reach a peak dermatome level of no more than T3. The 100 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups having completed study course: Group T (N = 50) received a 20 mg dose of tenoxicam in 5 mL of normal saline (NS) immediately after skin incision and Group N (N = 50) only received 5 mL NS. The incidence and severity of the symptoms experienced by the patients were recorded by a nurse anesthetist who was blinded to the injection regimen the patients were receiving. A chi-square test was used for statistical analysis t test and P < .05 was defined as significant. Results: The incidence and degree of severity of nausea and vomiting were same in both the groups. The incidence and degree of severity of bradycardia, nausea, vomiting, tightness of the chest, shoulder discomfort, and abdominal discomfort were lower in Group T than in Group N. Conclusion: Tenoxicam might theoretically block the parasympathetic vagus pathway and decrease the visceral pain or visceral-specific symptoms, alleviating the symptoms caused by vagotonia. However, the prophylactic effect of tenoxicam in reducing the incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting was not statistically significant. This could be because nausea and vomiting are not solely caused by vagotonia, but also by

Estradiol stimulates glycogen synthesis whereas progesterone promotes glycogen catabolism in the uterus of the American mink (Neovison vison).

PubMed

Bowman, Kole; Rose, Jack

2017-01-01

Glycogen synthesis by mink uterine glandular and luminal epithelia (GE and LE) is stimulated by estradiol (E 2 ) during estrus. Subsequently, the glycogen deposits are mobilized to near completion to meet the energy requirements of pre-embryonic development and implantation by as yet undetermined mechanisms. We hypothesized that progesterone (P 4 ) was responsible for catabolism of uterine glycogen reserves as one of its actions to ensure reproductive success. Mink were treated with E 2 , P 4 or vehicle (controls) for 3 days and uteri collected 24 h (E 2 , P 4 and vehicle) and 96 h (E 2 ) later. To evaluate E 2 priming, mink were treated with E 2 for 3 days, then P 4 for an additional 3 days (E 2 →P 4 ) and uteri collected 24 h later. Percent glycogen content of uterine epithelia was greater at E 2 + 96 h (GE = 5.71 ± 0.55; LE = 11.54 ± 2.32) than E 2 +24 h (GE = 3.63 ± 0.71; LE = 2.82 ± 1.03), and both were higher than controls (GE = 0.27 ± 0.15; LE = 0.54 ± 0.30; P < 0.05). Treatment as E 2 →P 4 reduced glycogen content (GE = 0.61 ± 0.16; LE = 0.51 ± 0.13), to levels not different from controls, while concomitantly increasing catabolic enzyme (glycogen phosphorylase m and glucose-6-phosphatase) gene expression and amount of phospho-glycogen synthase protein (inactive) in uterine homogenates. Interestingly, E 2 →P 4 increased glycogen synthase 1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and hexokinase 1mRNA and protein. Our findings suggest to us that while E 2 promotes glycogen accumulation by the mink uterus during estrus and pregnancy, it is P 4 that induces uterine glycogen catabolism, releasing the glucose that is essential to support pre-embryonic survival and implantation. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science.

Effects of changing the ionic environment on passive and active membrane properties of pregnant rat uterus

PubMed Central

Abe, Y.

1971-01-01

. 10. Manganese abolished the spontaneous and evoked spike. Tetrodotoxin had no effect. 11. The results show that rat uterus has cable-like properties. The action potential may be due to calcium entry, while sodium, by influencing the membrane potential in competition with calcium, may be involved in the spontaneous spike generation and the spread of excitation. PMID:5103422

Obstetric outcome of women with uterine anomalies in China.

PubMed

Zhang, Yan; Zhao, Yang-yu; Qiao, Jie

2010-02-20

Congenital uterine anomalies are associated with the highest incidence of reproductive failure and obstetric complications. This study aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics and prenatal outcome of pregnancy in women with congenital uterine malformations. This retrospective study evaluated the fertility and obstetric outcome of 116 inpatients with uterine malformations with pregnancy in Peking University Third Hospital from June 1998 to June 2009. A total of 270 randomly selected pregnant women with a previously confirmed normally shaped uterus as a control group. Student's t test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare means for normally distributed variables. The analysis was carried out using the SPSS. Among 21 961 deliveries in Peking University Third Hospital, 116 (0.45%) were in women with uterine anomalies. A septate uterus was present in 43 (37.1%) and the uterus didelphys in 28 (24.2%) of the 116 women identified. Bicornuate uterus, arcuate and unicomate uterus were observed in 12 (10.3%), 18 (15.5%) and 15 (12.9%) patients, respectively. Patients with uterine anomalies had significantly higher rates of malpresentation (38.8%), preterm delivery (19.8%), and cesarean section (78.5%) compared with the group of women with a normal uterus. Patients with uterine anomalies had significantly lower mean birth-weight neonates and a significantly higher incidence of small for gestationalage (SGA) neonates; women with uterus didelphys more frequently required infertility treatment than patients with other uterine anomalies (P < 0.001). The rate of malpresentation was significantly higher in patients with septated uterus in comparison with patients with uterus unicorns (P < 0.05). Women with congenital uterinemal formation usually have higher incidence of complications during pregnancy and delivery. A septate uterus appears to be associated with poorer obstetric outcomes.

Combined thickness of the uterus and placenta and ultrasonographic examinations of uteroplacental tissues in normal pregnancy, placentitis, and abnormal parturitions in heavy draft horses.

PubMed

Kimura, Yuki; Haneda, Shingo; Aoki, Takahiro; Furuoka, Hidefumi; Miki, Wataru; Fukumoto, Natsuko; Matsui, Motozumi; Nambo, Yasuo

2018-01-01

The combined thickness of the uterus and placenta (CTUP) and ultrasonographic images of uteroplacental tissues were investigated in 35 pregnant heavy draft horses in Months 7-12 of pregnancy. The mares were divided into three groups: those pathologically diagnosed as placentitis (placentitis group, n=3); those who had abortion, premature birth, or fetal malformation (abnormal group, n=7); and those who had no abnormal findings (normal group, n=25). In the normal group, CTUP increased as pregnancy progressed from Months 7 (median, 7.08 mm; range, 5.68-11.27) to 12 (13.31 mm; 7.44-16.31 mm) (P<0.05) and was higher than those reported previously in Thoroughbred, quarter, and American paint horses. Values of CTUP greater than the 75th percentile of the normal group from Months 7 (7.54 mm) to 12 (15.19 mm) were detected in 100% of the placentitis group (3/3) and in 86% of the abnormal group (6/7). Ultrasonographic images showing placental separation were obtained in 67% of the placentitis group (2/3), 29% of the abnormal group (2/7), and 20% of the normal group (5/25). Pathological placental edema and ultrasonographic images showing uteroplacental roughness or distinguishability were observed even in the normal group. These findings suggest that increased CTUP and placental separation would reflect placentitis and abnormal pregnancies and may help to detect them in heavy draft horses.

Successful treatment of primary extramedullary leukemia (EML) of the uterus with radical surgery, chemotherapy, autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and prophylactic local irradiation.

PubMed

Huter, O; Brezinka, C; Nachbaur, D; Schwaighofer, H; Lang, A; Niederwieser, D

1996-09-01

Extramedullary myeloid cell tumors are rare manifestations of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). While many advances in diagnosis have been made, dilemmas remain concerning the treatment of this disease. In primary extramedullary leukemia (EML) most reports agree upon a local therapy followed by systemic chemotherapy such as is used for ANLL. However, further prophylactic local or systemic therapy with stem cell support remains controversial. A 20-year-old patient was diagnosed as having granulocytic sarcoma (GS) of the uterus without evidence of ANLL in 1991. After resection of the tumor at the uterine cervix and chemotherapy with daunorubicin 50 mg/m2 (days 1-3) and cytosine-arabinoside 200 mg/m2 (days 1-7) in September 1991, complete remission was achieved. In October 1991 cytosine-arabinoside 1000 mg/m2 every 12 h from day 1 to day 6 and amsacrine 200 mg from day 5 to day 7 were given as consolidation. Two years later relapse occurred in the adnexae. After radical hysterectomy, the same induction and consolidation chemotherapy was administrated. Subsequently, cytoxane 60 mg/m2 and fractionated total body irradiation (6 x 200 cGy) were given as conditioning and the previously cryopreserved bone marrow was reinfused. Finally, after hematopoietic engraftment, prophylactic local irradiation (4500 cGy) to the pelvis was given resulting in a disease-free long-term survival of more than 36 months after relapse. Although this experience is confined to one patient, it may contribute to the design of prospective therapeutic studies in patients with primary EML.

Effects of dietary omega-3 and -6 supplementations on phospholipid fatty acid composition in mice uterus during window of pre-implantation.

PubMed

Fattahi, Amir; Darabi, Masoud; Farzadi, Laya; Salmassi, Ali; Latifi, Zeinab; Mehdizadeh, Amir; Shaaker, Maghsood; Ghasemnejad, Tohid; Roshangar, Leila; Nouri, Mohammad

2018-03-01

Since fatty acid composition of uterus phospholipids is likely to influence embryo implantation, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary omega-3 and -6 fatty acids on implantation rate as well as uterine phospholipid fatty acids composition during mice pre-implantation period. Sixty female mice were randomly distributed into:1) control (standard pellet), 2) omega-3 (standard pellet + 10% w/w of omega-3 fatty acids) and 3) omega-6 (standard pellet + 10% w/w of omega-6 fatty acids). Uterine phospholipid fatty acid composition during the pre-implantation window (days 1-5 of pregnancy) was analyzed using gas-chromatography. The implantation rate on the fifth day of pregnancy was also determined. Our results showed that on days 1, 2 and 3 of pregnancy, the levels of arachidonic acid (ARA) as well as total omega-6 fatty acids were significantly higher and the levels of linolenic acid and total omega-3 fatty acids were statistically lower in the omega-6 group compared to the omega-3 group (p < 0.05). On the fourth day of pregnancy, only the ARA, total omega-6 fatty acids, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids levels were significantly different between the two dietary supplemented groups (p < 0.05). There were positive correlations between the levels of omega-6 fatty acids, especially ARA, with the implantation rate. The present study showed that diets rich in omega-3 and -6 fatty acids could differently modify uterine phospholipid fatty acid composition and uterine levels of phospholipid ARA, and that the total omega-6 fatty acids had a positive association with the implantation rate. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Analysis of intra-uterine fluid motion induced by uterine contractions.

PubMed

Eytan, O; Elad, D

1999-03-01

Evaluation of the fluid flow pattern in a non-pregnant uterus is important for understanding embryo transport in the uterus. Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube and the embryo (fertilized ovum) enters the uterine cavity within 3 days of ovulation. In the uterus, the embryo is conveyed by the uterine fluid for another 3 to 4 days to a successful implantation site at the upper part of the uterus. Fluid movements within the uterus may be induced by several mechanisms, but they seem to be dominated by myometrial contractions. Intra-uterine fluid transport in a sagittal cross-section of the uterus was simulated by a model of wall-induced fluid motion within a two-dimensional channel. The time-dependent fluid pattern was studied by employing the lubrication theory. A comprehensive analysis of peristaltic transport resulting from symmetric and asymmetric contractions is presented for various displacement waves on the channel walls. The results provide information on the flow field and possible trajectories by which an embryo may be transported before implantation at the uterine wall.

Agonistic activity of ICI 182 780 on activation of GSK 3β/AKT pathway in the rat uterus during the estrous cycle.

PubMed

Baranda-Avila, Noemi; Mendoza-Rodríguez, C Adriana; Morimoto, Sumiko; Camacho-Arroyo, Ignacio; Guerra-Araiza, Christian; Langley, Elizabeth; Cerbón, Marco

2013-07-01

We examined the ability of ICI 182,780 (ICI) to block uterine cell proliferation via protein kinase b/AKT pathway in the uterus of the rat during the estrous cycle. Intact rats, with regular estrous cycles, received a subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of either vehicle or ICI at 08:00 h on the day of proestrus or at 00:00 h on the day of estrus and sacrificed at 13:00 h of metaestrus. Estradiol (E₂) and progesterone (P₄) plasma levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Both ICI treatments, induced a significant decrease (p<0.01) in uterine estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) content, had no effect on uterine progesterone receptor (PR) protein expression and caused marked nuclear localization of cyclin D1, in both luminal and glandular uterine epithelium, as compared to vehicle-treated animals. Furthermore, we detected that ICI treatment induced glycogen synthase kinase (Gsk3-β) Ser 9 phosphorylation, which correlates with cyclin D1 nuclear localization. However, some differences were observed between the two different time schedules of administration. We observed that the administration of ICI at 08:00 h on proestrus day produced a 15% inhibition of luminal epithelial cell proliferation, reduced uterine wet weight by 21% and caused reduction of Akt phosphorylation at Ser 473 as compared to vehicle-treated animals, whereas ICI treatment at 00:00 h on estrus day had no effect on these parameters. The overall results indicate that ICI may exert agonistic and antagonistic effects on uterine cell proliferation through differential activation of the Akt pathway depending on the administration period during the estrous cycle, and indicates that the mechanism of cell proliferation during the physiological conditions of the estrous cycle, is under a different and more complex regulation than in the ovariectomized + E₂ animal model. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparison of the ESHRE–ESGE and ASRM classifications of Müllerian duct anomalies in everyday practice

PubMed Central

Ludwin, A.; Ludwin, I.

2015-01-01

STUDY QUESTION Does the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology–European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESHRE–ESGE) classification of female genital tract malformations significantly increase the frequency of septate uterus diagnosis relative to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) classification? SUMMARY ANSWER Use of the ESHRE–ESGE classification, compared with the ASRM classification, significantly increased the frequency of septate uterus recognition. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The ESHRE–ESGE criteria were supposed to eliminate the subjective diagnoses of septate uterus by the ASRM criteria and replace the complementary absolute morphometric criteria. However, the clinical value of the ESHRE–ESGE classification in daily practice is difficult to appreciate. The application of the ESHRE–ESGE criteria has resulted in a significantly increased recognition of residual septum after hysteroscopic metroplasty, with a possible risk of overdiagnosis of septate uterus and problems for its management. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, AND DURATION A prospective observational study was performed with 261 women consecutively enrolled between June and September 2013. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, AND METHODS Non-pregnant women of reproductive age presented for evaluation to a private medical center. A gynecological examination and 3D ultrasonography were performed to assess the anatomy of the uterus, cervix and vagina. Congenital anomalies were diagnosed using the ASRM classification with additional morphometric criteria as well as with the ESHRE–ESGE classification. We compared the frequency and concordance of diagnoses of septate uterus and all congenital malformations of the uterus according to both classifications. The morphological characteristics of septate uterus recognized by both criteria were compared. MAIN RESULTS AND ROLE OF CHANCE Of the 261 patients enrolled in this study, septate uterus was diagnosed in 44 (16.9%) and 16 (6

Effects of miRNA-197 overexpression on proliferation, apoptosis and migration in levonorgestrel treated uterine leiomyoma cells.

PubMed

Wu, Xiaoli; Ling, Jing; Fu, Ziyi; Ji, Chenbo; Wu, Jiangping; Xu, Qing

2015-04-01

Uterine leiomyoma is the ahead benign tumor of the female genital tract, which resulted in menstrual abnormalities, recurrent pregnancy loss, and other serious gynecological disorders in women. Recently, as the process of exploring the brief molecular mechanisms of tumorgenesis, microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted much more attention. In this study, we first confirmed that microRNA-197 (miR-197) was down-regulated significantly in human uterus leiomyoma by quantity real-time polymerase chain reaction, compared to normal uterus myometrium. Then we observed the potential effects of miR-197 overexpression on human uterus leiomyoma cells by cell counting kit 8, wound healing assay, and flow cytometric assessment separately. The data showed that miR-197 could inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell apoptosis, and block cell migration in vitro. Coincidently, levonorgestrel (LNG), a well-known uterus leiomyoma therapy, could induce miR-197 expression in human uterus leiomyoma cells, and over-expression of miR-197 showed a synergy effect on human uterus leiomyoma cell proliferation and apoptosis with LNG. In this study, the data showed that miR-197 could play an anti-oncogenic role in human uterus leiomyoma cells, and cooperate with LNG on the cell proliferation and apoptosis, which suggested that miR-197 might be a potential target and provided database for clinical treatment. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Impact of diet on the immunological microenvironment of the pregnant uterus and its relationship to allergic disease in the offspring--a review of the recent literature.

PubMed

Moore, Daniella Campelo Batalha Cox; Elsas, Pedro Xavier; Maximiano, Elisabeth Santos; Elsas, Maria Ignez Capella Gaspar

2006-09-07

Medical progress has reduced the mortality from infectious diseases in most countries, but allergic diseases have become more prevalent worldwide over the same period, especially in industrialized countries. This has prompted speculation that modern lifestyles have altered the relationship between heredity and environment so as to promote development of an atopic phenotype when exposure to infection decreases. A healthy uterine microenvironment is known to favor Th2 lymphocyte development. However, some evidence suggests that persistence of the Th2 pattern of immunity directs the developing organism's immune response towards a long-lasting atopic phenotype. Even though the outcome also depends on other factors (such as infection, functional state of the intestinal microflora, and exposure to environmental allergens at times critical to development), it seems that the immune system during the perinatal period is responsive to interventions that are no longer effective in adulthood. We have reviewed the literature accessible through Medline to identify recent advances in the prevention of allergic disease through interventions in the fetal-maternal relationship. Diet seems to have a significant impact on the immunological profile of the pregnant uterus, as well as on the postnatal development of allergic disease in the offspring, as suggested by the effects of probiotic bacteria and by manipulations of the dietary content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants. This highlights the need for further studies, in order to define the best intervention methods, the most appropriate time interval and the individuals who will most likely benefit from them.

TRPV6 and Calbindin-D9k-expression and localization in the bovine uterus and placenta during pregnancy

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Transient receptor potential channel type 6 (TRPV6) and Calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k) are involved in the active calcium (Ca2+) transport mechanism in many tissues including placenta and uterus, suggesting a role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Moreover, TRPV6 and CaBP-9k seem to support the materno-fetal Ca2+ transport that is crucial for fetal Ca2+ homeostasis, bone growth and development. However, it is unknown if these proteins are also involved in the aetiology of pathologies associated with parturition in cows, such as retained fetal membranes (RFM). The aim of the current study was to create an expression profile of uterine and placentomal TRPV6 and CaBP-9k mRNAs and proteins during pregnancy and postpartum in cows with and without fetal membrane release. Methods Uteri and placentomes of 27 cows in different stages of pregnancy and placentomes of cows with and without RFM were collected. Protein and mRNA expression of TRPV6 and CaBP-9k was investigated by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results In the uterine endometrium, highest TRPV6 and CaBP-9k expression was found in the last trimester of pregnancy, with a particular increase of protein in the glandular epithelium. In the placentomes, a gradual increase in TRPV6 mRNA was detectable towards parturition, while protein expression did not change significantly. Placentomal CaBP-9k expression did not change significantly throughout pregnancy but immunohistochemistry revealed an increase in staining intensity in the maternal crypt epithelium. Immunohistochemical, stronger placental CaBP-9k signals were seen in animals with RFM compared to animals with an undisturbed fetal membrane release, while protein levels, measured by Western blot analyses did not change significantly. Conclusions The results of the present study demonstrate a dynamic expression of TRPV6 and CaBP-9k during pregnancy in the bovine uterine endometrium and placentomes, suggesting a functional role

Resveratrol protects from lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in the uterus and prevents experimental preterm birth.

PubMed

Bariani, María Victoria; Correa, Fernando; Leishman, Emma; Domínguez Rubio, Ana Paula; Arias, Andreína; Stern, Aníbal; Bradshaw, Heather B; Franchi, Ana María

2017-08-01

pregnant BALB/c mice with resveratrol prevented the LPS-induced preterm birth in 64% of the cases, whereas only 15% of mice with LPS alone escaped preterm birth. Treatment with resveratrol resulted in a reduced NOS activity (P < 0.05) in the uterus of LPS-treated mice. Similarly, resveratrol reduced the expression of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory agents such as iNOS (P < 0.05), COX-2 (P < 0.05), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (P < 0.05) and anandamide (AEA) (P < 0.05). Moreover, resveratrol administration resulted in changes in the uterine endocannabinoid profiling altered by LPS. N/A. Since our experimental design involves the use of mice, the extrapolation of the results presented here to humans is limited. Our findings provide evidence for the tocolytic effects of resveratrol. Dr Ana María Franchi was funded by Agencia Nacional para la Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 2013/0097) and by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (PIP 2012/0061). Dr Heather B. Bradshaw was funded by NIH (DA006668). The authors have no competing interests. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

The relationship of the oestrogen and progestin receptors in the abnormal uterus of the adult anovulatory rat. Effects of neonatal treatment with testosterone propionate or clomiphene citrate.

PubMed Central

White, J O; Moore, P A; Elder, M G; Lim, L

1981-01-01

The neonatal administration of testosterone propionate to Wistar rats resulted in anovulatory adults in persistent vaginal oestrus. Clomiphene citrate had a similar effect. In both groups of adults, hyperplasia of the uterine epithelium and occasional metaplasia was observed. The uterine nuclear and cytosol oestrogen and progestin receptors of these anovulatory rats were found to have affinities for their respective ligands similar to those of normal females. The nuclear oestrogen receptor comprised occupied and unoccupied components, as in normal females. The content of the nuclear oestrogen receptor was comparable with that of females in the late dioestrous or pro-oestrous phase. This content was higher in the clomiphene-treated group. Despite the relatively high nuclear oestrogen receptor content the content of progestin receptors, a putative index of the oestrogenic response, was lower in the treated rats than in normal adult females throughout the cycle. Administration of oestradiol to both treatment groups resulted in depletion of cytosol oestrogen receptor content 1 h later, which, however, was not reflected by an increase in the content of nuclear oestrogen receptors. There was no measurable increase in progesterone receptor content in treated rats after daily administration of oestrogen (5 microgram/rat) for 3 days. These changes in sex-hormone-receptor interactions involving an impairment of the normal oestrogenic response may be associated with the abnormal differentiation of the uterus in these sterile, anovulatory animals. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. PMID:7316994

Abortion - surgical

MedlinePlus

Suction curettage; Surgical abortion; Elective abortion - surgical; Therapeutic abortion - surgical ... Surgical abortion involves dilating the opening to the uterus (cervix) and placing a small suction tube into the uterus. ...

Effects of oral exposure to bisphenol A on gene expression and global genomic DNA methylation in the prostate, female mammary gland, and uterus of NCTR Sprague-Dawley rats

PubMed Central

Camacho, Luísa; Basavarajappa, Mallikarjuna S.; Chang, Ching-Wei; Han, Tao; Kobets, Tetyana; Koturbash, Igor; Surratt, Gordon; Lewis, Sherry M.; Vanlandingham, Michelle M.; Fuscoe, James C.; da Costa, Gonçalo Gamboa; Pogribny, Igor P.; Delclos, K. Barry

2015-01-01

Bisphenol A (BPA), an industrial chemical used in the manufacture of polycarbonate and epoxy resins, binds to the nuclear estrogen receptor with an affinity 4–5 orders of magnitude lower than that of estradiol. We reported previously that “high BPA” (100,000 and 300,000 μg/kg body weight (bw)/day), but not “low BPA” [2.5–2700 μg/kg bw/day], induced clear adverse effects in NCTR Sprague-Dawley rats gavaged daily from gestation day 6 through postnatal day 90. The “high BPA” effects partially overlapped those of ethinyl estradiol (EE2, 0.5 and 5.0 μg/kg bw/day). To evaluate further the potential of “low BPA” to induce biological effects, here we assessed the global genomic DNA methylation and gene expression in the prostate and female mammary glands, tissues identified previously as potential targets of BPA, and uterus, a sensitive estrogen-responsive tissue. Both doses of EE2 modulated gene expression, including of known estrogen-responsive genes, and PND 4 global gene expression data showed a partial overlap of the “high BPA” effects with those of EE2. The “low BPA” doses modulated the expression of several genes; however, the absence of a dose response reduces the likelihood that these changes were causally linked to the treatment. These results are consistent with the toxicity outcomes. PMID:25862956

Epithelioid leiomyosarcoma of uterus

PubMed Central

Setia, Aparna; Kanotra, Shalini; Aggarwal, Ritika; Bhavthankar, Dilip Prabhakarrao

2012-01-01

Fibroid most commonly presents in the reproductive age group and presence of fibroid with postmenopausal bleeding is a rare entity and all investigations and measures should be done to rule out leiomyosarcoma. A 45-year-old female had attained menopause 3 year back and developed postmenopausal bleeding since 2 months, with palpable mass, of 24 weeks size. Ultrasonography showed multiple whorled mass lesions, endometrium and myometrium could not be seen separately. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoophorectomy was performed. Intraoperative findings showed 24 weeks uterine mass with size 17.5×15.5×11.5 cm and weight 1.9 kg with multiple, intramural fibroids. Cut section of removed specimen showed black and yellow necrotic and haemorrhagic areas with degenerative changes suggestive of malignancy. Histopathology reported epithelioid leiomyosarcoma. PMID:22602833

Epithelioid leiomyosarcoma of uterus.

PubMed

Setia, Aparna; Kanotra, Shalini; Aggarwal, Ritika; Bhavthankar, Dilip Prabhakarrao

2012-04-02

Fibroid most commonly presents in the reproductive age group and presence of fibroid with postmenopausal bleeding is a rare entity and all investigations and measures should be done to rule out leiomyosarcoma. A 45-year-old female had attained menopause 3 year back and developed postmenopausal bleeding since 2 months, with palpable mass, of 24 weeks size. Ultrasonography showed multiple whorled mass lesions, endometrium and myometrium could not be seen separately. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoophorectomy was performed. Intraoperative findings showed 24 weeks uterine mass with size 17.5×15.5×11.5 cm and weight 1.9 kg with multiple, intramural fibroids. Cut section of removed specimen showed black and yellow necrotic and haemorrhagic areas with degenerative changes suggestive of malignancy. Histopathology reported epithelioid leiomyosarcoma.

Is twin pregnancy a risk factor for devolopmental dysplasia of the hip - retrospective analysis using ultrasonography.

PubMed

Czubak, Jarosław; Mazela, Jan L; Majda, Waldemar; Woźniak, Waldemar

2003-12-30

Background. Disorders in development of the hip in the uterus are caused mainly by mechanical factors. Their influence has been established on the basis of the results of examinations of newborns from singleton pregancies. Malposition of the fetus and the lack of space in the uterus are present in higher frequency in twin pregnancies. Thus, it is probable, that twin pregnacy may be a risk factor in developmental dysplasia of the hip.
Material and methods. We examined clinically and ultrasonographically 308 hip joints of 154 newborn twins and compare the values of the alpha related to different position in uterus, birthweight, gender, length of gestation and mode of delivery. The only pathological position of the fetus in the uterus is the tranverse one.
Results and Conclusions. The results of ultrasound examinations reveal that in the cramped space inside the uterus in twin pregnancies hip joints develop in different conditions than in singleton pregnancies and the twin pregnancy cannot be regarded as a risk factor which may cause developmental dysplasia of the hip.

In Vitro Efficacy of Nonantibiotic Treatments on Biofilm Disruption of Gram-Negative Pathogens and an In Vivo Model of Infectious Endometritis Utilizing Isolates from the Equine Uterus

PubMed Central

McCue, Patrick M.; Borlee, Grace I.; Loncar, Kristen D.; Hennet, Margo L.

2015-01-01

In this study, we evaluated the ability of the equine clinical treatments N-acetylcysteine, EDTA, and hydrogen peroxide to disrupt in vitro biofilms and kill equine reproductive pathogens (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Klebsiella pneumoniae) isolated from clinical cases. N-acetylcysteine (3.3%) decreased biofilm biomass and killed bacteria within the biofilms of E. coli isolates. The CFU of recoverable P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae isolates were decreased, but the biofilm biomass was unchanged. Exposure to hydrogen peroxide (1%) decreased the biofilm biomass and reduced the CFU of E. coli isolates, K. pneumoniae isolates were observed to have a reduction in CFU, and minimal effects were observed for P. aeruginosa isolates. Chelating agents (EDTA formulations) reduced E. coli CFU but were ineffective at disrupting preformed biofilms or decreasing the CFU of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae within a biofilm. No single nonantibiotic treatment commonly used in equine veterinary practice was able to reduce the CFU and biofilm biomass of all three Gram-negative species of bacteria evaluated. An in vivo equine model of infectious endometritis was also developed to monitor biofilm formation, utilizing bioluminescence imaging with equine P. aeruginosa isolates from this study. Following infection, the endometrial surface contained focal areas of bacterial growth encased in a strongly adherent “biofilm-like” matrix, suggesting that biofilms are present during clinical cases of infectious equine endometritis. Our results indicate that Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the equine uterus are capable of producing a biofilm in vitro, and P. aeruginosa is capable of producing biofilm-like material in vivo. PMID:26719448

Progesterone Receptor-Mediated Regulation of N-Acetylneuraminate Pyruvate Lyase (NPL) in Mouse Uterine Luminal Epithelium and Nonessential Role of NPL in Uterine Function

PubMed Central

Xiao, Shuo; Li, Rong; Diao, Honglu; Zhao, Fei; Ye, Xiaoqin

2013-01-01

N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase (NPL) catalyzes N-acetylneuraminic acid, the predominant sialic acid. Microarray analysis of the periimplantation mouse uterine luminal epithelium (LE) revealed Npl being the most downregulated (35×) gene in the LE upon embryo implantation. In natural pregnant mouse uterus, Npl expression increased 56× from gestation day 0.5 (D0.5) to D2.5. In ovariectomized mouse uterus, Npl was significantly upregulated by progesterone (P4) but downregulated by 17β-estradiol (E2). Progesterone receptor (PR) antagonist RU486 blocked the upregulation of Npl in both preimplantation uterus and P4-treated ovariectomized uterus. Npl was specifically localized in the preimplantation D2.5 and D3.5 uterine LE. Since LE is essential for establishing uterine receptivity, it was hypothesized that NPL might play a critical role in uterine function, especially during embryo implantation. This hypothesis was tested in the Npl (−/−) mice. No significant differences were observed in the numbers of implantation sites on D4.5, gestation periods, litter sizes, and postnatal offspring growth between wild type (WT) and Npl (−/−) females from mating with WT males. Npl (−/−)xNpl (−/−) crosses produced comparable little sizes as that from WTxWT crosses. Comparable mRNA expression levels of several genes involved in sialic acid metabolism were observed in D3.5 uterus and uterine LE between WT and Npl (−/−), indicating no compensatory upregulation in the D3.5 Npl (−/−) uterus and LE. This study demonstrates PR-mediated dynamic expression of Npl in the periimplantation uterus and dispensable role of Npl in uterine function and embryo development. PMID:23741500

[MANAGEMENT OF PLACENTA ACCRETA, DIAGNOSED BEFORE BIRTH].

PubMed

Dimitrov, A; Garnizov, T; Frundeva, B; Masseva, A; Zlatkov, V

2015-01-01

The optimal management of placenta accreta and until now remains unclear. The reasons for this are a rarity of this condition and the considerable heterogeneity of the group under the term "placenta accreta." Total hysterectomy during caesarean section is the most common approach to a known placenta accreta. Planned or emergency perinatal hysterectomy is associated with several complications--damage to the urinary tract, relaparotomiya, massive blood transfusions and stay in ICU. The average blood loss is about 3000 ml. To reduce blood loss in perinatal hysterectomy contribute: preliminary uterine artery occlusion, istmus-coporal longitudinal hysterectomy for extraction of the fetus, placental extraction along with the uterus. To save the woman's uterus at placenta accreta are using the following methods: cutting the uterine wall on which is located the placenta, imposing single stitches covering 2-3 cm in 1 cm, around the placental area; removal of the maximum possible part of the placenta; using longitudinal hysterectomy. So far, there are no comparative studies of the efficacy of different surgical techniques to preserve the uterus cases of placenta accreta. Extraction of the placenta to be done after the administration of uterotonics and devascularization the uterus. To reduce bleeding from the uterus after removal of parts of the placenta and according to the situation can be used: x-back hemostatic sutures from internal side of the uterus, tamponade with gauze roll, balloon catheters or haemostatic mushrooms. Conservative surgical treatment of placenta accreta is not always possible. In hospital Maternity Hospital-Sofia for the period 1986-2000 there were 17 cases of placenta accreta diagnosed only at birth. Maintaining the uterus was successful in 35% of these cases.

[Clinical genealogy and genetic-mathematical study of families of probands with uterine cancer in the Chernovitsy Region].

PubMed

Galina, K P; Peresun'ko, A P; Glushchenko, N N

2001-01-01

Complex clinic-genealogical and genetic-mathematical investigation of 482 patients with uterus cancer from Chernovtsy region was carried out. It was proved that primary in the population is multifactoral origin of uterus cancer. Percentage of genetic component in general susceptibility to disease was 11.40 9.40. Recurrent risk of the malignant tumor in progeny has been estimated. Results of the investigation are the base for development and execution of uterus cancer precaution and segregated with it oncopathology in proband relatives.

In vivo 3 T MR diffusion tensor imaging for detection of the fibre architecture of the human uterus: a feasibility and quantitative study

PubMed Central

Fiocchi, F; Nocetti, L; Siopis, E; Currà, S; Costi, T; Ligabue, G; Torricelli, P

2012-01-01

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of depicting fibre architecture of human uteri in vivo using 3 T MR diffusion tensor imaging (MR-DTI) with a three-dimensional (3D) tractography approach. Quantitative results were provided. Methods In vivo 3 T MR-DTI was performed on 30 volunteers (9 Caesarean delivery). Main diffusion directions reflecting the fibre orientation were determined using sensitivity-encoding single-shot echo planar imaging with diffusion-sensitised gradients (b=600 mm2 s−1) along 32 directions. A deterministic fibre-tracking algorithm was used to show in vivo fibre architecture, compared with ex vivo histological slides of cadaveric uteri. The number of fibres, the fibre density, the fractional anisotropy (FA) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured in 13 volunteers. Results Anisotropy was found in most regions of normal uteri and the preferential order of uterine fibres depicted, consisting of two representative fibre directions: circular and longitudinal, as in ex vivo studies. Two-thirds of uteri with a Caesarean scar did not have the same orientation of fibres in the anterior isthmus when compared with non-scarred myometrium. Quantitative data were obtained from 13 volunteers: Caesarean-scarred uteri (n=5) showed lower fibre number and density in the scarred anterior isthmus than the nulliparous uteri (n=8). No significant differences were found in FA (0.42±0.02, 0.41±0.02; p=0.25) and ADC (1.82±0.18×10−3 mm2 s−1, 1.93±0.25×10−3 mm2 s−1; p=0.20). Conclusion Fibre architecture of the human uterus can be depicted in vivo using 3 T MR-DTI. Advances in knowledge 3 T MR-DTI can help to provide an in vivo insight of uterine anatomy non-invasively, especially in females with previous Caesarean surgery, in order to provide better management of subsequent deliveries. PMID:22744322

Management of a complete uterine prolapse in a cat

PubMed Central

Bismuth, Camille; Carozzo, Claude

2015-01-01

A young female cat was presented with a protrusion of the uterus through the vulvar lips. The cat had a history of recent parturition, with delivery without incident of three kittens 48 h earlier. No fetus was found in the uterus. The protruding uterus was amputated and a staged ovariohysterectomy was performed. The day after surgery, the queen was healthy with no evidence of vulvar discharge. Two months later, the owner reported that the queen was clinically normal with no recurrence of clinical signs. PMID:28491345

Cross-Species Withdrawal of MCL1 Facilitates Postpartum Uterine Involution in Both the Mouse and Baboon

PubMed Central

Kyathanahalli, Chandrashekara; Marks, Jason; Nye, Kennedy; Lao, Belinda; Albrecht, Eugene D.; Aberdeen, Graham W.; Nathanielsz, Peter W.; Jeyasuria, Pancharatnam

2013-01-01

A successful postpartum involution permits the postnatal uterus to rapidly regain its prepregnancy function and size to ultimately facilitate an ensuing blastocyst implantation. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms that govern the initiation of the involution process by examining the signaling events that occur as the uterus transitions from the pregnant to postnatal state. Using mouse and baboon uteri, we found a remarkable cross-species conservation at the signal transduction level as the pregnant uterus initiates and progresses through the involution process. This study originated with the observation of elevated levels of caspase-3 activation in both the laboring mouse and baboon uterus, which we found to be apoptotic in nature as evidenced by the concurrent appearance of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. We previously defined a nonapoptotic and potential tocolytic role for uterine caspase-3 during pregnancy regulated by increased antiapoptotic signaling mediated by myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis. In contrast, this study determined that diminished antiapoptotic signaling in the postpartum uterus allowed for both endometrial apoptotic and myometrial autophagic episodes, which we speculate are responsible for the rapid reduction in size of the postpartum uterus. Using our human telomerase immortalized myometrial cell line and the Simian virus-40 immortalized endometrial cell line (12Z), we demonstrated that the withdrawal of antiapoptotic signaling was also an upstream event for both the autophagic and apoptotic processes in the human uterine myocyte and endometrial epithelial cell. PMID:24140717

On noninvasive assessment of acoustic fields acting on the fetus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antonets, V. A.; Kazakov, V. V.

2014-05-01

The aim of this study is to verify a noninvasive technique for assessing the characteristics of acoustic fields in the audible range arising in the uterus under the action of maternal voice, external sounds, and vibrations. This problem is very important in view of actively developed methods for delivery of external sounds to the uterus: music, maternal voice recordings, sounds from outside the mother's body, etc., that supposedly support development of the fetus at the prenatal stage psychologically and cognitively. However, the parameters of acoustic signals have been neither measured nor normalized, which may be dangerous for the fetus and hinder actual assessment of their impact on fetal development. The authors show that at frequencies below 1 kHz, acoustic pressure in the uterus may be measured noninvasively using a hydrophone placed in a soft capsule filled with liquid. It was found that the acoustic field at frequencies up to 1 kHz arising in the uterus under the action of an external sound field has amplitude-frequency parameters close to those of the external field; i.e., the external field penetrates the uterus with hardly any difficulty.

Fine structure of the uteri in two hymenolepidid tapeworm Skrjabinacanthus diplocoronatus and Urocystis prolifer (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) parasitic in shrews that display different fecundity of the strobilae.

PubMed

Korneva, Janetta V; Kornienko, Svetlana A; Jones, Malcolm K

2012-10-01

Adult specimens of Skrjabinacanthus diplocoronatus and Urocystis prolifer were investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy, and data on the uterine organization in these species are presented. The interrelationships of morphological changes of the uterus and developing eggs on the one hand with fecundities of the strobilae of cyclophyllidean cestodes on the other hand are investigated. The development of the excretory system forming a network of excretory ducts close to the uterus is characteristic of S. diplocoronatus. Numerous excretory ducts are located near the uterus or contact the uterine epithelium and are also found in uterine cords. Accumulation of lipids is observed in the cavity of excretory ducts, in muscular cells, and in the lumen of the uterus as well as in the developing eggs. This species displays the largest fecundity among cestode parasites of the shrew. U. prolifer has one of the lowest fecundities among cestodes from shrews. A small amount of lipids found in cells of gravid proglottids could serve as a supply of nutrients. It seems that some cestodes with great fecundity possess specific paths by which eggs are supplied with nutrients. As a result, diverse modifications of the uterus in Cyclophyllidea are formed.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the female pelvis: initial experience

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hricak, H.; Alpers, C.; Crooks, L.E.

1983-12-01

The potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was evaluated in 21 female subjects: seven volunteers, 12 patients scanned for reasons unrelated to the lower genitourinary tract, and two patients referred with gynecologic disease. The uterus at several stages was examined; the premenarcheal uterus (one patient), the uterus of reproductive age (12 patients), the postmenopausal uterus (two patients), and in an 8 week pregnancy (one patient). The myometrium and cyclic endometrium in the reproductive age separated by a low-intensity line (probably stratum basale), which allows recognition of changes in thickness of the cyclic endometrium during the menstrual cycle. The corpus uterimore » can be distinguished from the cervix by the transitional zone of the isthmus. The anatomic relation of the uterus to bladder and rectum is easily outlined. The vagina can be distinguished from the cervix, and the anatomic display of the closely apposed bladder, vagina, and rectum is clear on axial and coronal images. The ovary is identified; the signal intensity from the ovary depends on the acquisition parameter used. Uterine leiomyoma, endometriosis, and dermoid cyst were depicted, but further experience is needed to ascertain the specificity of the findings.« less

Electroporation of Postimplantation Mouse Embryos In Utero.

PubMed

Huang, Cheng-Chiu; Carcagno, Abel

2018-02-01

Gene transfer by electroporation is possible in mouse fetuses within the uterus. As described in this protocol, the pregnant female is anesthetized, the abdominal cavity is opened, and the uterus with the fetuses is exteriorized. A solution of plasmid DNA is injected through the uterine wall directly into the fetus, typically into a cavity like the brain ventricle, guided by fiber optic illumination. Electrodes are positioned on the uterus around the region of the fetus that was injected, and electrical pulses are delivered. The uterus is returned to the abdominal cavity, the body wall is sutured closed, and the female is allowed to recover. The manipulated fetuses can then be collected and analyzed at various times after the electroporation. This method allows experimental access to later-stage developing mouse embryos. © 2018 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

The level of sugars and synthesis of trehalose in Ascaris suum tissues.

PubMed

Dmitryjuk, M; Łopieńska-Biernat, E; Farjan, M

2009-09-01

The activities of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) were observed in muscles, individual parts of the reproductive system and haemolymph of Ascaris suum. The highest activity of TPS was detected in the upper uterus, while the lowest activity of TPS was detected in the ovary and oviduct of the nematode. Relatively high activity was detected in muscles, haemolymph and two remaining parts of the uterus. The TPP activity was the highest in lower length of the uterus, following muscles, ovary, central and upper uterus. The lowest activity of TPP was detected in the haemolymph and oviduct of A. suum. Besides TPS and TPP, trehalose was also detected in the studied tissues except the cuticle and the intestine. Glucose was present in all organs, but the highest concentration was found in the cuticle and intestine.

Fetal head injury from intentional penetrating abdominal trauma in pregnancy.

PubMed

Shehu, B B; Ismail, N J; Hassan, I; Mahmud, M R; Lasseini, A

2010-01-01

A male fetus was extruded from the uterus following multiple lower abdominal stab wounds to the mother. He was brought to the emergency room at 8 hours of age. He had sustained a compound skull fracture with brain contusion. There was no neurological deficit. Debridement and primary wound closure were undertaken. His mother had multiple lacerations to the uterus and a laceration of the fundus of the bladder. Following resuscitation, she had repair of the uterus and bladder and made an uneventful recovery. At 3 years of age, the boy is developing normally.

In Vitro Efficacy of Nonantibiotic Treatments on Biofilm Disruption of Gram-Negative Pathogens and an In Vivo Model of Infectious Endometritis Utilizing Isolates from the Equine Uterus.

PubMed

Ferris, Ryan A; McCue, Patrick M; Borlee, Grace I; Loncar, Kristen D; Hennet, Margo L; Borlee, Bradley R

2016-03-01

In this study, we evaluated the ability of the equine clinical treatments N-acetylcysteine, EDTA, and hydrogen peroxide to disrupt in vitro biofilms and kill equine reproductive pathogens (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Klebsiella pneumoniae) isolated from clinical cases. N-acetylcysteine (3.3%) decreased biofilm biomass and killed bacteria within the biofilms of E. coli isolates. The CFU of recoverable P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae isolates were decreased, but the biofilm biomass was unchanged. Exposure to hydrogen peroxide (1%) decreased the biofilm biomass and reduced the CFU of E. coli isolates, K. pneumoniae isolates were observed to have a reduction in CFU, and minimal effects were observed for P. aeruginosa isolates. Chelating agents (EDTA formulations) reduced E. coli CFU but were ineffective at disrupting preformed biofilms or decreasing the CFU of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae within a biofilm. No single nonantibiotic treatment commonly used in equine veterinary practice was able to reduce the CFU and biofilm biomass of all three Gram-negative species of bacteria evaluated. An in vivo equine model of infectious endometritis was also developed to monitor biofilm formation, utilizing bioluminescence imaging with equine P. aeruginosa isolates from this study. Following infection, the endometrial surface contained focal areas of bacterial growth encased in a strongly adherent "biofilm-like" matrix, suggesting that biofilms are present during clinical cases of infectious equine endometritis. Our results indicate that Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the equine uterus are capable of producing a biofilm in vitro, and P. aeruginosa is capable of producing biofilm-like material in vivo. Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The adverse effects of aldrin and dieldrin on both myometrial contractions and the secretory functions of bovine ovaries and uterus in vitro

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wrobel, Michał H., E-mail: m.wrobel@pan.olsztyn.pl; Grzeszczyk, Marlena; Mlynarczuk, Jaroslaw

Aldrin and dieldrin are chloroorganic insecticides which are recognised as endocrine disruptors. The aim of the study was to investigate their effect on the secretory functions of the uterus and ovary and on myometrial contractions. Myometrial strips and uterine and ovarian cells from nonpregnant cows were incubated with the xenobiotics (0.1, 1 or 10 ng/ml) for 24 or 72 h. Next, their effect on viability of myometrial, endometrial, granulosa and luteal cells, myometrial strip contractions, the synthesis and secretion of prostaglandins (PGs: PGF2α and PGE2) from uterine cells, the secretion of oestradiol (E2), testosterone (T) and oxytocin (OT) from granulosamore » cells and the secretion of progesterone (P4) and OT from luteal cells were determined. Neither of the xenobiotics (10 ng/ml) affected (P > 0.05) the viability of the ovarian and uterine cells, while both (0.1–10 ng/ml) decreased (P < 0.05) the basal and OT-stimulated myometrial contractions. In spite of these effects, neither of the insecticides affected (P > 0.05) the synthesis and the secretion of PGs from the myometrial cells. Although they also did not impair the secretion of the PGs from the endometrial cells, they abolished (P < 0.05) the stimulatory effect of OT (P < 0.05) on the secretion of the PGs and stimulated (P < 0.05) the secretion of OT from the granulosa and luteal cells. Moreover, aldrin and dieldrin stimulated secretion of E2 and T from the granulosa cells, while only dieldrin increased (P < 0.05) the secretion of P4 from luteal cells. The data show that aldrin and dieldrin stimulated the secretory function of the cultured granulosa and luteal cells and inhibited the myometrial contractions of cows in vitro, which may affect on natural parturition. - Highlights: • Aldrin and dieldrin inhibited bovine myometrial contractions. • The studied xenobiotics stimulated steroids and oxytocin secretion from ovaries. • Prostaglandins are not involved in adverse effect of the xenobiotics

Mig-6 regulates endometrial genes involved in cell cycle and progesterone signaling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yoo, Jung-Yoon; Kim, Tae Hoon; Lee, Jae Hee

2015-07-10

Mitogen inducible gene 6 (Mig-6) is an important mediator of progesterone (P4) signaling to inhibit estrogen (E2) signaling in the uterus. Ablation of Mig-6 in the murine uterus leads to the development of endometrial hyperplasia and E2-induced endometrial cancer. To identify the molecular pathways regulated by Mig-6, we performed microarray analysis on the uterus of ovariectomized Mig-6{sup f/f} and PGR{sup cre/+}Mig-6{sup f/f} (Mig-6{sup d/d}) mice treated with vehicle or P4 for 6 h. The results revealed that 772 transcripts were significantly regulated in the Mig-6{sup d/d} uterus treated with vehicle as compared with Mig-6{sup f/f} mice. The pathway analysis showed thatmore » Mig-6 suppressed the expression of gene-related cell cycle regulation in the absence of ovarian steroid hormone. The epithelium of Mig-6{sup d/d} mice showed a significant increase in the number of proliferative cells compared to Mig-6{sup f/f} mice. This microarray analysis also revealed that 324 genes are regulated by P4 as well as Mig-6. Cited2, the developmentally important transcription factor, was identified as being regulated by the P4-Mig-6 axis. To determine the role of Cited2 in the uterus, we used the mice with Cited2 that were conditionally ablated in progesterone receptor-positive cells (PGR{sup cre/+}Cited2{sup f/f}; Cited2{sup d/d}). Ablation of Cited2 in the uterus resulted in a significant reduction in the ability of the uterus to undergo a hormonally induced decidual reaction. Identification and analysis of these responsive genes will help define the role of P4 as well as Mig-6 in regulating uterine biology. - Highlights: • We identify Mig-6- and P4-regulated uterine genes by microarray analysis. • Mig-6 suppresses cell cycle progression and epithelial cell proliferation in uterus. • We identify the Mig-6 dependent induced genes by P4. • Cited2 plays an important role for decidualization as a P4 and Mig-6 target gene.« less

[Contribution of pelvic echography to the diagnosis of malformations of the utero-vaginal tract].

PubMed

Ellart, D; Houze de l'Aulnoit, H; Corette, L; Delcroix, M; Brabant, G

1990-01-01

Pelvic ultrasound has become very important in the diagnostic planning of utero-vaginal malformations. Having studies 93 congenital malformations of the utero-vaginal tract, the authors used ultrasound investigations as a first or second line of approach. They are able to describe the way ultrasound can be used for each type of malformation. Ultrasound is undeniably reliable for diagnosing bilateral incomplete aplasia of the uterus; so avoiding the need for laparoscopy. When failure of the uterus to develop on one side occurs it is possible to look for a closed or canalized rudimentary uterine nodule to confirm the diagnosis of a pseudo-unicorn uterus. The diagnosis by ultrasound of a bifid uterus shows up by the appearance of a "V" shape on the bladder. An intra-uterine septum can be diagnosed according to how serious the embryological abnormality is on ultrasound. Similarly the difference between a bicornuate uterus that is really just arcuate or partially septate cannot always be made with ultrasound because the embryological defect is a relatively minor one. Ultrasound examination is able to give a lot of information in diagnosing and calculating how much of the menstrual fluid is held back either on one side or completely. Its value is less when the two sides of the uterus communicate with one another. Although this way of examining patients may make it possible quite often to avoid carrying out hysterosalpingogram and laparoscopy, its greatest value is found when all methods of diagnosis are combined and interpreted in the context of a clinical situation.

Role of laparoscopy as a minimally invasive procedure in treatment of ruptured uterine scar during second-trimester induction of abortion.

PubMed

Zheng, Yanmei; Jiang, Qiaoying; Lv, Ya-Er; Liu, Feng; Yang, Liwei

2016-04-01

Uterine rupture is an uncommon complication following termination of pregnancy and is usually accompanied by severe lower abdominal pain and shock caused by intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Laparotomy should be carried out promptly in order to repair the uterus or even to resect the uterus. Here we present a case of uterine rupture of a scarred uterus, which occurred during a second-trimester induced abortion. The patient was successfully treated by laparoscopy with the help of laparoscopic ultrasound. This case suggests an alternative, effective approach to the diagnosis and treatment of uterine rupture. © 2015 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Secretory proteins in the reproductive tract of the snapping turtle, Chelhydra serpentina.

PubMed

Mahmoud, I Y; Paulson, J R; Dudley, M; Patzlaff, J S; Al-Kindi, A Y A

2004-12-01

SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to separate the secretory proteins produced by the epithelial and endometrial glands of the uterine tube and uterus in the snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina. The proteins were analyzed throughout the phases of the reproductive cycle from May to August, including preovulatory, ovulatory, postovulatory or luteal, and vitellogenic phases. The pattern of secretory proteins is quite uniform along the length of the uterine tube, and the same is true of the uterus, but the patterns for uterine tube and uterus are clearly different. We identify 13 major proteins in C. serpentina egg albumen. Bands co-migrating with 11 of these are found in the uterine tube, but at most 4 are found in the uterus, suggesting that the majority of the albumen proteins are most likely secreted in the uterine tube, not in the uterus. Although some of the egg albumen proteins are present in the uterine tube only at the time of ovulation, most of the bands corresponding to albumen proteins are present throughout the breeding season even though the snapping turtle is a monoclutch species. These results suggest that the glandular secretory phase in the uterine tube is active and quite homogeneous in function regardless of location or phase of the reproductive cycle.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor two (FGFR2) regulates uterine epithelial integrity and fertility in mice.

PubMed

Filant, Justyna; DeMayo, Franco J; Pru, James K; Lydon, John P; Spencer, Thomas E

2014-01-01

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) regulate luminal epithelial (LE) cell proliferation in the adult mouse uterus. This study tested the hypothesis that FGFR2 has a biological role in postnatal development and function of the uterus by conditionally deleting Fgfr2 after birth using progesterone receptor (Pgr)-Cre mice. Adult Fgfr2 mutant female mice were initially subfertile and became infertile with increasing parity. No defects in uterine gland development were observed in conditional Fgfr2 mutant mice. In the adult, Fgfr2 mutant mice possessed a histologically normal reproductive tract with the exception of the uterus. The LE of the Fgfr2 mutant uterus was stratified, but no obvious histological differences were observed in the glandular epithelium, stroma, or myometrium. Within the stratified LE, cuboidal basal cells were present and positive for basal cell markers (KRT14 and TRP63). Nulliparous bred Fgfr2 mutants contained normal numbers of blastocysts on Day 3.5 postmating, but the number of embryo implantation sites was substantially reduced on Day 5.5 postmating. These results support the idea that loss of FGFR2 in the uterus after birth alters its development, resulting in LE stratification and peri-implantation pregnancy loss.

[Morphogenesis of vaginal aplasia. Therapeutic deductions].

PubMed

Minh, H N; Smadja, A; Belaisch, J

1985-01-01

On the basis of the studies of the embryogenesis of the vagina, the authors consider that malformations classically described as being partial aplasia should not be separated from the total absence of the vagina. The important feature is the association of a functioning or non functioning uterus with the absence of the vagina. They believe that it is incorrect to describe the pouch of menstrual retention associated with a functioning uterus as "haematocolpos" and that is not justified to describe the cup-shaped vestibular depression as "hemi-vagina". According to the authors, although vaginal aplasia with a functioning uterus forming a pouch of menstrual retention constitutes an absolute indication for surgery, surgery is not justified in cases of vaginal aplasia with a non functioning uterus. If Frank's method fails in these cases, the patient or the couple should be referred to a sexologist, as women with this anomaly retain a perfect femininity, although unable to conceive.

Changes of uterine blood flow after vaginal radical trachelectomy (VRT) in patients with early-stage uterine invasive cervical cancer.

PubMed

Umemura, Kota; Ishioka, Shin-ichi; Endo, Toshiaki; Baba, Tsuyoshi; Ezaka, Yoshiaki; Nagasawa, Kunihiko; Takahashi, Madoka; Mizuuchi, Masahito; Iwami, Nanako; Adachi, Hidefumi; Takeda, Noriko; Tamagawa, Mitsuharu; Saito, Tsuyoshi

2010-08-05

Vaginal radical trachectomy (RT) ligates and cuts several arteries supplying the uterus. Changes of blood supply to the uterus in two patients who experienced pregnancy and delivery were studied by using 3-D CT scanning. Effects of changes of blood supply to the uterus on the pregnancy courses were also examined. Vascular distribution in the uterus was studied in two patients who received vaginal RT after delivery. Effects of changes of vascular distribution after vaginal RT were studied with respect to pregnancy courses and cervical functions. New arterial vascularization from the ascending branches of uterine arteries or other arteries occurred, and these new vessels seemed to supply blood to the remaining cervix. Differences of fetal growth and histopathological changes in the placenta between the two patients could not be detected. Ligation and cutting of several supplying arteries by RT induces new arterial vascularization and it does not seem to affect fetal growth and placental function.

Non puerperal uterine inversion in a young female- a case report.

PubMed

Rathod, Setu; Samal, Sunil Kumar; Pallavee, P; Ghose, Seetesh

2014-09-01

We report a case of 28-year-old, primipara who presented with complaints of mass descending per vaginum along with excessive bleeding and foul smelling vaginal discharge for the past six months. Clinical examination revealed an inverted uterus, cervix and vagina with a large submucosal fundal fibroid. A diagnosis of non-puerperal uterine inversion was made. Surgical management included vaginal myomectomy with repositioning of the uterus using an abdomino-vaginal approach and a successful outcome. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyoma. Hence, we conclude that uterus-sparing surgery should be considered in young females desirous for future pregnancy until the final pathology is known.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bae, Sijeong; Kwon, Hwang; Yoon, Hyemin

The sine oculis homeobox 1 (SIX1) is a member of the Six gene family. SIX1 is involved in tissue development by regulating proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. However, function of SIX1 in the uterus remains unknown. Here, we found that Six1 expression is regulated along the estrous cycle in mouse uterus. Six1 expression was significantly increased at estrus stage and decreased at the rest of stages. SIX1 is detected in the luminal and glandular epithelium of uterine endometrium at the estrus stage. Estrogen injection increased Six1 expression in the ovariectomized mouse uterus, whereas progesterone had no effect on its expression. Estrogenmore » receptor antagonist inhibited estrogen-induced Six1 expression. Our findings imply that SIX1 may play a role as an important regulator to orchestrate the dynamic of uterine endometrium in response to estrogen level during the estrous cycle. These results will give us a better understanding of uterine biology. - Highlights: • Six1 expression is regulated during the estrous cycle in mouse uterus. • Six1 is highly expressed at the estrus stage of estrous cycle. • SIX1 is detected in luminal/glandular epithelium of the uterus at the estrus stage. • Estrogen stimulates Six1 expression in an estrogen receptor-dependent manner.« less

Reproductive traits of Holsteins and Jerseys. Effects of age, milk yield, and clinical abnormalities on involution of cervix and uterus, ovulation, estrous cycles, detection of estrus, conception rate, and days open.

PubMed

Fonseca, F A; Britt, J H; McDaniel, B T; Wilk, J C; Rakes, A H

1983-05-01

Two hundred and twelve Holstein and Jersey cows were in a study to determine factors that affected reproductive traits. First ovulation occurred about 3 wk postpartum, and interval to first ovulation was greater in cows that had clinical abnormalities postpartum than in normal cows. Jerseys producing more milk ovulated sooner postpartum than lower producing herdmates. Involution of cervix and uterus occurred later postpartum in cows that had clinical problems postpartum. Involution of genital tract occurred later postpartum in older cows and sooner postpartum in cows that had higher milk yields. Duration of first postpartum estrous cycle was 4 days less than for second postpartum cycle. Percentages of estrous cycles detected by standing estrus were 43 and 73% for Holsteins and Jerseys. Estrous detection rates were highest for cows that produced slightly above the mean milk yield and did not differ between cows in highest and lowest milk production quartiles. First detected estrus and days to first insemination occurred later postpartum in Holsteins as milk yield deviation from herdmates increased, regardless of sign. In Jerseys, days to first insemination and days open increased linearly as milk yield increased. Days to first insemination and conception were greater in cows with postpartum clinical problems. Conception rate at first insemination postpartum increased in proportion to concentration of progesterone in blood samples collected during 12 days before first insemination. Overall, clinical problems at parturition and postpartum lowered reproductive performance in both breeds. There was a slight antagonism between milk yield and reproductive performance (days open) in Jerseys but not in Holsteins.

Disruption of estrogen homeostasis as a mechanism for uterine toxicity in Wistar Han rats treated with tetrabromobisphenol A

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sanders, J. Michael, E-mail: sander10@mail.nih.gov; Coulter, Sherry J.; Knudsen, Gabriel A.

Chronic oral treatment of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) to female Wistar Han rats resulted in increased incidence of cell proliferation at 250 mg/kg and tumor formation in the uterus at higher doses. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that disruption of estrogen homeostasis was a major mode-of-action for the observed effects. Biological changes were assessed in serum, liver, and the proximal (nearest the cervix) and distal (nearest the ovaries) sections of the uterine horn of Wistar Han rats 24 h following administration of the last of five daily oral doses of 250 mg/kg. Expression of genes associated withmore » receptors, biosynthesis, and metabolism of estrogen was altered in the liver and uterus. TBBPA treatment also resulted in changes in expression of genes associated with cell division and growth. Changes were also observed in the concentration of thyroxine in serum and in expression of genes in the liver and uterus associated with thyroid hormone receptors. Differential expression of some genes was tissue-dependent or specific to tissue location in the uterus. The biological responses observed in the present study support the hypothesis that perturbation of estrogen homeostasis is a major mode-of-action for TBBPA-mediated cell proliferation and tumorigenesis previously observed in the uterus of TBBPA-treated Wistar Han rats. - Highlights: • Perturbation of estrogen homeostasis in TBBPA-treated female rats was investigated. • Gene expression changes were observed in the liver and uterus of these rats. • Genes associated with estrogen biosynthesis and metabolism were affected. • Genes associated with thyroid homeostasis and cell division/growth were affected. • A mechanism of uterine toxicity via endocrine disruption was indicated.« less

PubMed Central

ALABI, P.I.; OGUNDIPE, M.A.

2016-01-01

Summary Introduction. Brucellosis is endemic in Nigeria and risk factors enhancing its transmission are prevalent. Methods. Following serological evidence of brucellosis and isolation of B. abortus from slaughtered cattle in Ibadan, Nigeria, we administered a semi-structured questionnaire to determine the prevalence and predictors of eating and selling bovine gravid uterus among 350 meat handlers from five major meat processing facilities. We conducted key informant interview for five leading traditional healers to document its use. Data were analyzed using Stata 12. Results. The prevalence of eating and selling gravid uterus were 29.7% and 40.3% respectively. Being meat/offal processor (OR=1.9, 95%CI: 1.11-3.3, P = 0.008) and not knowing that eating undercooked contaminated gravid uterus could expose humans to brucellosis (OR=19.5; 95%CI: 5.73-66.03; P = 0.000) were strong predictors of eating gravid uterus. Similarly, being adult (OR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.08-2.57, P = 0.02) and inadequate knowledge of brucellosis as a preventable disease (OR = 0.03; 95%CI: 0.004-0.27, P = 0.001) predicted selling gravid uterus. Qualitative data from the traditional healers revealed using gravid uterus as special medicinal preparations to hasten parturition in overdue pregnancies, treat infertility and old age diseases in humans. Conclusions. We demonstrated a high prevalence of risk factors for brucellosis transmission, and some meat handlers' sociodemographic characteristics and brucellosis knowledge-based markers as predictors of these factors. The traditional healers' practices portend a challenge to the current brucellosis control strategy. These findings provide insights into designing all-inclusive health programmes aimed at controlling brucellosis spread in Nigeria and other similar settings in developing countries. PMID:27980381

EMMPRIN-Mediated Induction of Uterine and Vascular Matrix Metalloproteinases during Pregnancy and in Response to Estrogen and Progesterone

PubMed Central

Dang, Yiping; Li, Wei; Tran, Victoria; Khalil, Raouf A.

2013-01-01

Pregnancy is associated with uteroplacental and vascular remodeling in order to adapt for the growing fetus and the hemodynamic changes in the maternal circulation. We have previously shown upregulation of uterine matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) during pregnancy. Whether pregnancy-associated changes in MMPs are localized to the uterus or are generalized in feto-placental and maternal circulation is unclear. Also, the mechanisms causing the changes in uteroplacental and vascular MMPs during pregnancy are unclear. MMPs expression, activity and tissue distribution were measured in uterus, placenta and aorta of virgin, mid-pregnant (mid-Preg) and late pregnant (late-Preg) rats. Western blots and gelatin zymography revealed increases in MMP-2 and -9 in uterus and aorta of late-Preg compared with virgin and mid-Preg rats. In contrast, MMP-2 and -9 were decreased in placenta of late-Preg versus mid-Preg rats. Extracellular MMP inducer (EMMPRIN) was increased in uterus and aorta of pregnant rats, but was less in placenta of late-Preg than mid-Preg rats. Prolonged treatment of uterus or aorta of virgin rats with 17β-estradiol and progesterone increased the amount of EMMPRIN, MMP-2 and -9, and the sex hormone-induced increases in MMPs were prevented by EMMPRIN neutralizing antibody. Immunohistochemistry revealed that MMP-2 and -9 and EMMPRIN increased in uterus and aorta of pregnant rats, but decreased in placenta of late-Preg versus mid-Preg rats. Thus pregnancy-associated upregulation of uterine MMPs is paralleled by increased vascular MMPs, and both are mediated by EMMPRIN and induced by estrogen and progesterone, suggesting similar role of MMPs in uterine and vascular tissue remodeling and function during pregnancy. The decreased MMPs and EMMPRIN in placenta of late-Preg rats suggests reduced role of MMPs in feto-placental circulation during late pregnancy. PMID:23856290

EMMPRIN-mediated induction of uterine and vascular matrix metalloproteinases during pregnancy and in response to estrogen and progesterone.

PubMed

Dang, Yiping; Li, Wei; Tran, Victoria; Khalil, Raouf A

2013-09-15

Pregnancy is associated with uteroplacental and vascular remodeling in order to adapt for the growing fetus and the hemodynamic changes in the maternal circulation. We have previously shown upregulation of uterine matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) during pregnancy. Whether pregnancy-associated changes in MMPs are localized to the uterus or are generalized in feto-placental and maternal circulation is unclear. Also, the mechanisms causing the changes in uteroplacental and vascular MMPs during pregnancy are unclear. MMPs expression, activity and tissue distribution were measured in uterus, placenta and aorta of virgin, mid-pregnant (mid-Preg) and late pregnant (late-Preg) rats. Western blots and gelatin zymography revealed increases in MMP-2 and -9 in uterus and aorta of late-Preg compared with virgin and mid-Preg rats. In contrast, MMP-2 and -9 were decreased in placenta of late-Preg versus mid-Preg rats. Extracellular MMP inducer (EMMPRIN) was increased in uterus and aorta of pregnant rats, but was less in placenta of late-Preg than mid-Preg rats. Prolonged treatment of uterus or aorta of virgin rats with 17β-estradiol and progesterone increased the amount of EMMPRIN, MMP-2 and -9, and the sex hormone-induced increases in MMPs were prevented by EMMPRIN neutralizing antibody. Immunohistochemistry revealed that MMP-2 and -9 and EMMPRIN increased in uterus and aorta of pregnant rats, but decreased in placenta of late-Preg versus mid-Preg rats. Thus pregnancy-associated upregulation of uterine MMPs is paralleled by increased vascular MMPs, and both are mediated by EMMPRIN and induced by estrogen and progesterone, suggesting similar role of MMPs in uterine and vascular tissue remodeling and function during pregnancy. The decreased MMPs and EMMPRIN in placenta of late-Preg rats suggests reduced role of MMPs in feto-placental circulation during late pregnancy. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[The effects of herb lithospermum extract on MCF-7 cell and estrogen and progestogen levels in mice].

PubMed

Wang, Wei; Li, Ping-ping

2003-11-01

To study the effects of lithospermum extract on MCF-7 cell and estrogen and progestogen levels in mice. Cell growth curve and Western Blotting were used to do animal experiment. Lithospermum extract could inhibit the growth of MCF-7 cell. It could also inhibit the expression of ER and increase the expression of PR with large dose. After the mice were bred with Lithospermum, their serum estrogen and progestogen levels reduced, their uterus weight index decresed and uterus ER and PR levels increased. It could also improve the hyperplasia of uterus caused by tamoxifen. Lithospermum extract can inhibit the growth of MCF-7 cell and inhibit the level of estrogen and progestogen in mice.

Uterine Vascular Lesions

PubMed Central

Vijayakumar, Abhishek; Srinivas, Amruthashree; Chandrashekar, Babitha Moogali; Vijayakumar, Avinash

2013-01-01

Vascular lesions of the uterus are rare; most reported in the literature are arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Uterine AVMs can be congenital or acquired. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of reports of acquired vascular lesions of the uterus following pregnancy, abortion, cesarean delivery, and curettage. It can be seen from these reports that there is confusion concerning the terminology of uterine vascular lesions. There is also a lack of diagnostic criteria and management guidelines, which has led to an increased number of unnecessary invasive procedures (eg, angiography, uterine artery embolization, hysterectomy for abnormal vaginal bleeding). This article familiarizes readers with various vascular lesions of the uterus and their management. PMID:24340126

Radiotherapy Assessments During Intervention ANd Treatment (RADIANT)

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-05-02

Radiation Therapy; Cancer; Cancer of Anus; Cancer of Bladder; Cancer of Cervix; Cancer of Colon; Cancer of Rectum; Cancer of Esophagus; Cancer of Gallbladder; Cancer of Liver; Cancer of Ovary; Cancer of Pancreas; Cancer of Prostate; Cancer of Kidney and Renal Pelvis; Cancer of Stomach; Cancer of Testis; Cancer of Uterus; Cancer of Uterus and Cervix; Cancer of Kidney

[Uterine horn rupture at 23 weeks gestation: a case report].

PubMed

Giraudet, G; Mubiayi, N; Nayama, M; Le Goueff, F; Therby, D

2006-12-01

Bicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn is a rare disability. Pregnancy can accidentally settle inside the rudimentary horn; in this case, it becomes apparent by uterine rupture generally in the second trimester. Bicornuate uterus should be diagnosed early, before pregnancy if possible. Abdominal pain of unknown origin occurring during the second trimester of pregnancy is the most frequent sign.

Use of augmented reality in laparoscopic gynecology to visualize myomas.

PubMed

Bourdel, Nicolas; Collins, Toby; Pizarro, Daniel; Debize, Clement; Grémeau, Anne-Sophie; Bartoli, Adrien; Canis, Michel

2017-03-01

To report the use of augmented reality (AR) in gynecology. AR is a surgical guidance technology that enables important hidden surface structures to be visualized in endoscopic images. AR has been used for other organs, but never in gynecology and never with a very mobile organ like the uterus. We have developed a new AR approach specifically for uterine surgery and demonstrated its use for myomectomy. Tertiary university hospital. Three patients with one, two, and multiple myomas, respectively. AR was used during laparoscopy to localize the myomas. Three-dimensional (3D) models of the patient's uterus and myomas were constructed before surgery from T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The intraoperative 3D shape of the uterus was determined. These models were automatically aligned and "fused" with the laparoscopic video in real time. The live fused video made the uterus appear semitransparent, and the surgeon can see the location of the myoma in real time while moving the laparoscope and the uterus. With this information, the surgeon can easily and quickly decide on how best to access the myoma. We developed an AR system for gynecologic surgery and have used it to improve laparoscopic myomectomy. Technically, the software we developed is very different to approaches tried for other organs, and it can handle significant challenges, including image blur, fast motion, and partial views of the organ. Copyright © 2016 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Presence of bacteria in the endometrium and placentomes of pregnant cows.

PubMed

Karstrup, Cecilia Christensen; Klitgaard, Kirstine; Jensen, Tim Kåre; Agerholm, Jørgen Steen; Pedersen, Hanne Gervi

2017-09-01

Bacterial invasion of the bovine uterus during the postpartum period occurs in most cows, but the general consensus is that these bacteria are eliminated before the next pregnancy. The pregnant uterus has therefore hitherto been considered a sterile environment, but this assumption has now been challenged by recent studies in humans, which indicate that bacteria can be present in the placenta of term pregnancies without causing abortion. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate whether bacteria are present in the uterus of pregnant cows. Specimens were taken from the inter-caruncular endometrium and from placentomes of slaughtered pregnant cows (n = 43) and subjected to histology, fluorescence in situ hybridization and massive parallel sequencing. Bacteria were observed in the tissue from 90.7% (39/43) of the cows by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Fusobacterium necrophorum, Porphyromonas levii and Trueperella pyogenes were located within the endometrium, on the endometrial surface and in the caruncular stroma, but their presence was not associated with inflammation. Data from massive parallel sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene from a subset of 15 cows indicated that the most abundant bacteria were the families Porphyromonadaceae, followed by Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Our results indicate that the bovine uterus is not a sterile environment during pregnancy as previously assumed and that a cow can carry a pregnancy despite the presence of a few potentially pathogenic bacteria in the uterus. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Virtual traumatology of pregnant women: the PRegnant car Occupant Model for Impact Simulations (PROMIS).

PubMed

Auriault, F; Thollon, L; Peres, J; Delotte, J; Kayvantash, K; Brunet, C; Behr, M

2014-01-03

This study report documents the development of a finite element (FE) model for analyzing trauma in pregnant women involved in road accidents and help the design of a specific safety device. The model is representative of a 50th percentile pregnant woman at 26 weeks of pregnancy in sitting position. To achieve this, the HUMOS 2 model, which has been validated in a wide range of dynamic tests, was scaled to the morphology of a woman in the 50th percentile and coupled with a model of gravid uterus. During scaling, special attention was paid to the pelvic region which is known to differ considerably in morphological terms between men and women. The gravid uterus model includes a placenta, a fetus, uterosacral ligaments and the amniotic fluid by means of fluid structure interaction formulation. The uterus and the female model were coupled using an original method whereby the growth of an uterus was simulated to compress the abdominal organs in a realistic manner. The model was validated based on experimental tests described in the literature. Additional tests based on abdominal loadings with a seatbelt on Post Mortem Human Surrogates (PMHS) coupled to silicone uterus were also performed. Results highlighted the role of the possible interaction of the fetus in the pregnant woman abdominal response. Experimental corridors taking into account the presence of this fetus could therefore be proposed. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Saline infusion sonohysterography.

PubMed

2004-01-01

Saline infusion sonohysterography consists of ultrasonographic imaging of the uterus and uterocervical cavity, using real-time ultrasonography during injection of sterile saline into the uterus. When properly performed, saline infusion sonohysterography can provide information about the uterus and endometrium. The most common indication for sonohysterography is abnormal uterine bleeding. sonohysterography should not be performed in a woman who is pregnant or could be pregnant or in a woman with a pelvic infection or unexplained pelvic tenderness. Physicians who perform or supervise diagnostic saline infusion sonohysterograpy should have training, experience, and demonstrated competence in gynecologic ultrasonography and saline infusion sonohysterography. Portions of this document were developed jointly with the American College of Radiology and the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

[Laparoscopic hysterectomy--brief history, frequency, indications and contraindications].

PubMed

Tomov, S; Gorchev, G; Tzvetkov, Ch; Tanchev, L; Iliev, S

2012-01-01

Hysterectomy is the most common gynecological operation after Caesarean section and the laparoscopic access to uterus removal is one of the contemporary methods showing slow but steady growth in time. In reference to indications and contraindications for laparoscopic hysterectomy, the following directions emerge as controversial: malignant gynecological tumors, uterus size, and high body mass index. Laparoscopic hysterectomy can be taken into consideration at the first stage of endometrial, cervical and ovarian cancer. If there is doubt about an uterus sarcoma and a laparoscopic access is accomplished, a conversion to abdominal hysterectomy must be done. Obesity and big uteri are not a contrarindication for that minimally-invasive access. Today, laparoscopic hysterectomy is a reasonable alternative to total abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy.

Delayed hysteroscopic resection of retained tissues and uterine conservation after conservative treatment for placenta accreta.

PubMed

Hequet, Delphine; Morel, Olivier; Soyer, Philippe; Gayat, Etienne; Malartic, Cécile; Barranger, Emmanuel

2013-12-01

Conservative management of both the uterus and the abnormal placenta, which is left inside the uterus at the time of delivery, is one option of placenta accreta management. Complete elimination of the residual placenta is the main challenge of this procedure. To report the role, efficacy and safety of hysteroscopic resection in women presenting with severe pelvic pain and chronic intra-uterine retention after conservative treatment of placenta accreta. Four consecutive women who were treated with hysteroscopic resection of retained tissues after conservative treatment of placenta accreta or percreta at the time of delivery. Clinical files and surgical procedures were reviewed. All procedures were performed because of chronic pelvic pain and the absence of a complete spontaneous placental elimination. All procedures were successful and uneventful. The uterus was conserved with a complete disappearance of the symptoms in the four women, and two of them became pregnant. Hysteroscopic resection seems effective and safe for shortening the duration of placental elimination after conservative treatment in women with severe pelvic pain due to uterine retention. This approach allows conserving the uterus and future fertility. © 2013 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.

Evidence of increased endometrial vascular permeability at the time of implantation in the short-nosed fruit bat, Cyanopterus sphinx.

PubMed

Pakrasi, Pranab Lal; Tiwari, Anjana

2007-09-01

Early embryonic development and implantation were studied in tropical short-nosed fruit bat Cyanopterus sphinx. We report preimplantation development and embryo implantation. Different stages of cleavage were observed in embryo by direct microscopic examination of fresh embryos after retrieving them either from the oviduct or the uterus at different days, up to the day of implantation. Generally, the embryos enter the uterus at the 8-cell stage. Embryonic development continued without any delay and blastocyst were formed showing attachment to the uterine epithelium at the mesometrial side of the uterus. A distinct blue band was formed in the uterus. The site of blastocyst attachment was visualized as a blue band following intravenous injection of pontamine blue. Implantation occurred 9+/-0.7 days after mating. This study reports that bat embryonic development can be studied like other laboratory animals and that this bat shows blue dye reaction, indicating the site and exact time of implantation. This blue dye reaction can be used to accurately find post-implantational delay. We prove conclusively that this species of tropical bat does not have any type of embryonic diapause.

Evaluate the Influence of Eupatorium adenophorum Extract with Mice Organ

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nong, Xiang; Yang, Can; Yang, Yaojun; Liang, Zi; Hu, Qiang; Zhang, Ting

2018-01-01

In order to study the influence of extract from Eupatorium adenophorum in mice organs, this experiment will be the basis of further study that make Eupatorium adenophorum become Phyto contraceptive, this experiment take the feeding respectively way after the completion of the 1D, 5D, 10d, 15d of Eupatorium adenophorum mice by intragastrical administration of levonorgestrel group and blank control group. After the same operation in different periods of small rat heart and kidney the uterus, testis, and other organs were observed. The results showed that after extraction of E. adenophorum changes in female mice uterus shape was perfused significantly, showed swelling larger. Data analysis of each viscera coefficient was found E. adenophorum had No obvious effect on the heart, kidneys and testicles of mice. but there are obvious differences date between the treatment group and the blank group. (5d: F=10. 800 P=0. 043 cases) from tissue sections we can see female mice uterus cell morphology changes significantly, there was a similar appearance change in the uterus of the female mice with the estradiol For a male mouse testis of E.adenophorum gavage had No obvious effect. And it is found that the heart, the treated mice kidney, testis, ovary and other organs were observed in each period of time the organization had No obvious change; only female mice uterus tissue sections of individual cells became larger, and the organization of the gap larger. This research shows that E.adenophorum extract has the potential to develop botanical contraceptives, we will conduct in-depth study.

[Current treatment of postabortion sepsis].

PubMed

Grishchenko, V I; Vorontsov, Iu M; Reznikov, V A

1986-08-01

The results of combined treatment of 83 women (17-43 years old) with septic complications following abortion in a nonhospital setting are reviewed. The group included 9 primigravida and 74 secundigravida. Almost all women had a history of extragenital diseases and 52 had a history of genital tract inflammations. Pregnancy was terminated in the first trimester in 56 and in second trimester in 27. Septic complications (endometritis and adnexitis) developed on day 2-20 after abortion. Of 83 patients, 10 (12%) died in spite of prolonged and unsuccessful treatment. 22 women with diffuse peritonitis and peritoneal abscess underwent surgery (extirpation of the uterus and tubes in 17, supravaginal amputation of the uterus in 1, and opening of the abscess in 4) and 51 underwent curettage of the uterine cavity. Postoperative treatment included antibiotics, administration of plasma substitutes, heparin, correction of electrolyte imbalance, administration of immunostimulants, and transfusion of the autologous blood irradiated with ultraviolet rays. Antibiotic therapy usually consisted of at least 2 drugs in maximum doses (1 antibiotic was given iv). The most frequent combination was penicillin (6-8 g/day) together with aminoglycosides or cephalosporins. Antibiotics were given for 7-10 days. Indications for extirpation of the uterus and tubes included anaerobic septic process in the uterus, dissemination of the infection outside the uterus, renal-hepatic failure, perforation or necrosis of the uterine wall. Instead of peritoneal dialysis, the patients received irrigation of the peritoneal cavity with a mixture of kanamycin, furagin and novocain. All 72 patients survived surgery or curettage and were cured.

Autofluorescence diagnostic of gynecological diseases ex vivo

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zuev, Vladimir M.; Beliaeva, Ludmila A.; Tevlina, Ekaterina V.; Zaiceva, Galina U.; Loschenov, Victor B.; Stratonnikov, Alexander A.; Volkova, Anna I.

2001-01-01

The method of autofluorescence diagnostic has been applied to study the diseases of uterus and ovaries including tumor of uterus, ovaries and endometriosis. The fluorescence emission spectra of native samples were measured using fiber optics spectrometer. The very high fluorescence in cystic ovaries and tumor ovaries has been observed allowing one to hope that endogenous fluorochromes may play a role of photosensitizes light irradiation.

A new method used in laparoscopic hysterectomy for uterine manipulation: uterine rein technique.

PubMed

Boztosun, Abdullah; Atılgan, Remzi; Pala, Şehmus; Olgan, Şafak

2018-03-22

The aim of this study is to define a new method of manipulating the uterus during laparoscopic hysterectomy. A total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) with the newly defined technique was performed in 29 patients between July 2016 and July 2017. In this new technique, the uterus was bound from uterine corpus and fundus like a bridle with polyester tape, to allow abdominal manipulation. The technique was successfully performed at the first attempt in 93.1% of cases. It was repeated in two cases (6.9%) since the polyester tape departed away from the uterus at the first attempt. The mean application time was 11.2 min. The vaginal manipulator was not required in any of the cases. There were no intraoperative complications. In conclusion, this method has the advantages of not requiring any vaginal manipulator, reducing the number of people required during operation, permitting a near maximum manipulation of the uterus in all three dimensions, and giving the control of these manipulations directly to the surgeon. On the other hand, the technique also has some inadequacies which should be discussed and improved on in the future. Impact of statement What is already known on this subject? In a laparoscopic hysterectomy, manipulation of the uterus is essential for anatomical dissection of the regions and completion of the operation without complications. An ideal uterine manipulator is defined as inexpensive, as convenient, fast and suitable for injecting solutions, removing the need for an assistant and most importantly offering the most suitable range of motion. In this study, we describe a new and different technique (rein technique) allowing the abdominal manipulation of the uterus in a laparoscopic hysterectomy and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this method. What do the results of this study add? The procedure was easily accomplished in most patients. We did not need to use an extra uterine manipulator in any of the cases. What are the implications of these

S-adenosyl methionine regulates calcium channels and inhibits uterine smooth muscle contraction in rats with infectious premature delivery through the transient receptor protein 3/protein kinase Cβ/C-kinase-activated protein phosphatase-1 inhibitor of 17 kDa signaling pathway

PubMed Central

Ge, Jing; Han, Tao; Li, Xiaoqiu; Shan, Lili; Zhang, Jinhuan; Hong, Yan; Xia, Yanqiu; Wang, Jun; Hou, Mingxiao

2018-01-01

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) on infectious premature inflammatory factors and uterine contraction, and to further explore its mechanism of action via the transient receptor protein 3 (TRPC3)/protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ)/C-kinase-activated protein phosphatase-1 inhibitor of 17 kDa (CPI-17) signaling pathway, following intervention by a TRPC3 inhibitor. A rat model of premature delivery induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was established. Following treatment with SAMe and inhibiting TRPC3 expression, rat serum and uterus were isolated. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the histopathological changes in the uterus. Uterine muscle strips in vitro were selected to measure the changes in muscle tension. ELISA was utilized to measure the changes in serum inflammatory factor and oxidative stress indexes. Immunohistochemistry, western blot assay and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were applied to detect calcium channel protein expression in the uterus. Western blot analysis was employed to measure the expression of TRPC3/PKCβ/CPI-17 signaling pathway-related proteins. TRPC3 was highly expressed in the uterus of rat models of premature delivery induced by LPS. Following treatment with SAMe, inflammatory cell infiltration markedly reduced in the uterus and the tension of in vitro uterine muscle strips significantly decreased. SAMe treatment suppressed inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress, and diminished L-type and T-type calcium channel protein expression. TRPC3/PKCβ/CPI-17 signaling pathway-related protein expression was also reduced. When TRPC3 expression was suppressed, the effects of SAMe against inflammation and oxidative stress were diminished. TRPC3/PKCβ/CPI-17 signaling pathway-related protein expression significantly increased. SAMe was able to reduce inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress in the uterus of rat model of infectious premature delivery

Vaginal Pessary for Uterine Repositioning During High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation of Uterine Leiomyomas

PubMed Central

Pulanic, Tajana Klepac; Venkatesan, Aradhana M.; Segars, James; Sokka, Sham; Wood, Bradford J.; Stratton, Pamela

2015-01-01

In order to ensure safe magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation of uterine leiomyomas, ultrasound beam path should be free of intervening scar and bowel. Pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging of a 9cm long and 7.7cm wide leiomyomatous uterus in a 39-year-old woman with menorrhagia and abdominopelvic pain initially demonstrated a focused ultrasound treatment path without bowel between the uterus and abdominal wall. On the day of ablation, however, multiple loops of bowel were observed in the ultrasound beam path by magnetic resonance imaging. Uterine repositioning was accomplished with a 76 mm donut vaginal pessary which anteverted the fundus and successfully displaced bowel. A vaginal pessary may aid in repositioning an axial or retroverted uterus to enable ablation of uterine leiomyomas. PMID:26584482

Uterine perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComas): report of two cases and literature review.

PubMed

Cossu, A; Paliogiannis, P; Tanda, F; Dessole, S; Palmieri, G; Capobianco, G

2014-01-01

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are rare tumors characterized by co-expression of melanocytic and smooth muscle markers. PEComas have been reported in a wide variety of anatomic sites. In the female genital tract, PEComas most frequently affect the uterus. PEComas which occur in non-classic anatomic distributions are known as perivascular epithelioid cell tumor-not otherwise specified (PEComa-NOS). PEComas have an unpredictable biologic behavior, with some tumors being unresectable or metastatic at the time of diagnosis. The risk of aggressive behavior of these tumors has been linked to a number of factors evaluable on histopathological review following initial surgical resection. The authors report two cases of PEComa-NOS of the uterus: one with disease confined to uterus and the other case with lung and liver metastasis.

Vaginal Pessary for Uterine Repositioning during High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation of Uterine Leiomyomas.

PubMed

Klepac Pulanic, Tajana; Venkatesan, Aradhana M; Segars, James; Sokka, Sham; Wood, Bradford J; Stratton, Pamela

2016-01-01

In order to ensure safe magnetic resonance-guided, high-intensity focused, ultrasound ablation of uterine leiomyomas, the ultrasound beam path should be free of intervening scar and bowel. Pre-treatment MRI of a 9-cm long and 7.7-cm wide leiomyomatous uterus in a 39-year-old woman with menorrhagia and abdominopelvic pain initially demonstrated a focused ultrasound treatment path without a bowel between the uterus and the abdominal wall. On the day of ablation, however, multiple loops of bowel were observed in the ultrasound beam path by MRI. Uterine repositioning was accomplished with a 76-mm donut vaginal pessary, which anteverted the fundus and successfully displaced the bowel. A vaginal pessary may aid in repositioning an axial or retroverted uterus to enable ablation of uterine leiomyomas. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Validation of thermal techniques for measurement of pelvic organ blood flows in the nonpregnant sheep: comparison with transit-time ultrasonic and microsphere measurements of blood flow

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Randall, N.J.; Beard, R.W.; Sutherland, I.A.

1988-03-01

Data obtained from a thermal system capable of measuring changes in organ temperature as well as tissue thermal clearance in the uterus and vagina have been compared with blood flow measured continuously with a transit-time ultrasound volume-flow sensor placed around the common internal iliac artery and intermittently with radioactive microspheres in the chronically instrumented nonpregnant sheep. Temperature changes in both the uterus and the vagina correlated well with blood flow changes measured by both techniques after intravenous administration of estradiol or norepinephrine. Thermal clearance did not correlate well with blood flow in the vagina or uterus. These methods may havemore » value in the investigation of blood flow patterns in various clinical situations such as the pelvic pain syndrome and early pregnancy.« less

Fiber Optical Improvements for a Device Used in Laparoscopic Hysterectomy Surgery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hernández Garcia, Ricardo; Vázquez Mercado, Liliana; García-Torales, G.; Flores, Jorge L.; Barcena-Soto, Maximiliano; Casillas Santana, Norberto; Casillas Santana, Juan Manuel

2006-09-01

Hysterectomy removes uterus from patients suffering different pathologies. One of the most common techniques for performing it is the laparoscopically-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH). In the final stage of the procedure, surgeons face the need to unambiguously identify the vaginal cuff before uterus removal. The aim of this research is to adapt a local source of illumination to a polymer cup-like device adapted to a stainless steel shaft that surgeons nowadays use to manipulate the uterus in LAVH. Our proposal consists in implementing a set of optical fiber illuminators along the border of the cup-like device to illuminate the exact vaginal cupola, using an external light source. We present experimental results concerning temperature increases in quasi adiabatic conditions in cow meat under different light intensity illumination.

Low magnesium diet alters distribution of macroelements and trace elements in tissues and organs of female rats.

PubMed

Zheltova, Anastasia A; Kharitonova, Maria V; Iezhitsa, Igor N; Serebryansky, Eugeny P; Evsyukov, Oleg Y; Spasov, Alexander A; Skalny, Anatoly V

2017-01-01

The aim of the present study was to assess whether dietary magnesium deficiency can alter distribution of macroelements and trace elements in different organs and tissues. Experiments were carried out on 12 adult female Wistar rats, which were fed either a diet with low Mg content (≤20mgkg -1 of diet) (LMgD) or a diet with daily recommended Mg content (≈500mgkg -1 ) as control group (CG) for 70 days. On the 70th day of the experiment heart, aorta, femoral skeletal muscle, forebrain, cerebellum, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, ovaries, uterus, liver, kidneys, and spleen were taken for analysis of mineral content. Concentrations of Fe and Ca were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, and levels of Na, K, Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, Ni, Se, I were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. On the 70th day, LMgD led to significant reduction of Mg level in red blood cells, plasma, aorta, uterus and thyroid gland compared to CG as well as resulted in significant decrease of Mg/Ca ratio in kidneys, spleen and ovaries. Contrary to this, an increase of Mg/Ca ratio was found in cerebellum of LMgD group. Significant decrease of K concentration was shown in aorta of LMgD animals compared to CG whereas myocardial K concentration was increased in LMgD group. Na level was two-fold higher in skeletal muscles of rats that received LMgD in comparison to CG (p=0.006). Increased concentrations of Fe in ovaries and uterus were found in LMgD. Mg restriction did not affect Zn concentration in any of tasted tissues. Se level was higher in spleen and lower in uterus of LMgD animals compared to CG. MgD was accompanied by increased level of Co in skeletal muscles and decreased its level in kidneys and uterus. LMgD feeding was associated with decreased concentrations of Ni in heart, thyroid gland, spleen, uterus and Co in heart, aorta, liver, kidneys, spleen and ovaries. The changes of Mg, K, Co content were accompanied by dramatic (10-fold) decrease of

Pattern of SMARCB1 (INI1) and SMARCA4 (BRG1) in poorly differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus: analysis of a series with emphasis on a novel SMARCA4-deficient dedifferentiated rhabdoid variant.

PubMed

Strehl, Johanna D; Wachter, David L; Fiedler, Jutta; Heimerl, Engelbert; Beckmann, Matthias W; Hartmann, Arndt; Agaimy, Abbas

2015-08-01

The role of the switch/sucrose nonfermenting chromatin remodeling complex in the initiation and progression of cancer is emerging. In the female genital tract, only ovarian small cell carcinoma, hypercalcemic type harbors recurrent inactivating SMARCA4 mutations. Otherwise, only rare case reports documented SMARCB1 involvement in endometrial cancer. We analyzed 24 grade 3 uterine endometrioid adenocarcinomas and 2 undifferentiated carcinomas for immunohistochemical expression of SMARCB1 and SMARCA4. All tumors showed high-grade nuclear features with a predominance of solid growth pattern. All cases showed intact nuclear SMARCB1 expression in all tumor cells. However, 1 case of a 78-year-old woman showed complete loss of SMARCA4 in 90% of the tumor with retained expression in 10% of the tumor. The SMARCA4-intact component was a moderate-to-poorly differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The SMARCA4-deficient dominating component showed solid growth of highly anaplastic undifferentiated large cells with prominent rhabdoid features. None of the 25 SMARCA4-intact cases showed rhabdoid cell morphology. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic study of SMARCB1 and SMARCA4 expression in endometrioid adenocarcinoma of uterus and the first description of a novel SMARCA4-deficient variant of dedifferentiated/undifferentiated endometrial carcinoma. The presence of a differentiated SMARCA4-intact endometrioid component points to a novel pathway of dedifferentiation in endometrioid adenocarcinoma as a consequence of a "second hit." This case further underlines the close link between the "rhabdoid phenotype" and the SWI/SNF pathway. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Characterization of the Reproductive Toxicity of Depleted Uranium

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-06-01

thymus, kidney, liver, skeletal muscle, uterus, ovaries, testes, bone marrow. Requested tissues were identified, embedded in paraffin and trimmed...located (all but 2-females), a cross section of the uterus was processed for evaluation. Each sample of skeletal muscle was bread-loafed in an attempt...correlation with the formation of soft tissue sarcomas . In contrast, none of these three animal’s implant sites showed evidence of a proliferative or

Should uterus transplants be publicly funded?

PubMed

Wilkinson, Stephen; Williams, Nicola Jane

2016-09-01

Since 2000, 11 human uterine transplantation procedures (UTx) have been performed across Europe and Asia. Five of these have, to date, resulted in pregnancy and four live births have now been recorded. The most significant obstacles to the availability of UTx are presently scientific and technical, relating to the safety and efficacy of the procedure itself. However, if and when such obstacles are overcome, the most likely barriers to its availability will be social and financial in nature, relating in particular to the ability and willingness of patients, insurers or the state to pay. Thus, publicly funded healthcare systems such as the UK's National Health Service (NHS) will eventually have to decide whether UTx should be funded. With this in mind, we seek to provide an answer to the question of whether there exist any compelling reasons for the state not to fund UTx. The paper proceeds as follows. It assumes, at least for the sake of argument, that UTx will become sufficiently safe and cost-effective to be a candidate for funding and then asks, given that, what objections to funding there might be. Three main arguments are considered and ultimately rejected as providing insufficient reason to withhold funding for UTx. The first two are broad in their scope and offer an opportunity to reflect on wider issues about funding for infertility treatment in general. The third is narrower in scope and could, in certain forms, apply to UTx but not other assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). The first argument suggests that UTx should not be publicly funded because doing so would be inconsistent with governments' obligations to prevent climate change and environmental pollution. The second claims that UTx does not treat a disorder and is not medically necessary. Finally, the third asserts that funding for UTx should be denied because of the availability of alternatives such as adoption and surrogacy. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

Should uterus transplants be publicly funded?

PubMed Central

Wilkinson, Stephen; Williams, Nicola Jane

2016-01-01

Since 2000, 11 human uterine transplantation procedures (UTx) have been performed across Europe and Asia. Five of these have, to date, resulted in pregnancy and four live births have now been recorded. The most significant obstacles to the availability of UTx are presently scientific and technical, relating to the safety and efficacy of the procedure itself. However, if and when such obstacles are overcome, the most likely barriers to its availability will be social and financial in nature, relating in particular to the ability and willingness of patients, insurers or the state to pay. Thus, publicly funded healthcare systems such as the UK's National Health Service (NHS) will eventually have to decide whether UTx should be funded. With this in mind, we seek to provide an answer to the question of whether there exist any compelling reasons for the state not to fund UTx. The paper proceeds as follows. It assumes, at least for the sake of argument, that UTx will become sufficiently safe and cost-effective to be a candidate for funding and then asks, given that, what objections to funding there might be. Three main arguments are considered and ultimately rejected as providing insufficient reason to withhold funding for UTx. The first two are broad in their scope and offer an opportunity to reflect on wider issues about funding for infertility treatment in general. The third is narrower in scope and could, in certain forms, apply to UTx but not other assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). The first argument suggests that UTx should not be publicly funded because doing so would be inconsistent with governments’ obligations to prevent climate change and environmental pollution. The second claims that UTx does not treat a disorder and is not medically necessary. Finally, the third asserts that funding for UTx should be denied because of the availability of alternatives such as adoption and surrogacy. PMID:26670671

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dyk, Sylvia van, E-mail: sylvia.vandyk@petermac.org; Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan, Srinivas; Schneider, Michal

Purpose: To compare measurements of the uterus and cervix obtained with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transabdominal ultrasound to determine whether ultrasound can identify the brachytherapy target and be used to guide conformal brachytherapy planning and treatment for cervix cancer. Methods and Materials: Consecutive patients undergoing curative treatment with radiation therapy between January 2007 and March 2012 were included in the study. Intrauterine applicators were inserted into the uterine canal while patients were anesthetized. Images were obtained by MRI and transabdominal ultrasound in the longitudinal axis of the uterus with the applicator in treatment position. Measurements were taken at themore » anterior and posterior surface of the uterus at 2.0-cm intervals along the applicator, from the external os to the tip of the applicator. Data were analyzed using Bland Altman plots examining bias and 95% limits of agreement. Results: A total of 192 patients contributed 1668 measurements of the cervix and uterus. Mean (±SD) differences of measurements between imaging modalities at the anterior and posterior uterine surface ranged from 1.5 (±3.353) mm to 3.7 (±3.856) mm, and −1.46 (±3.308) mm to 0.47 (±3.502) mm, respectively. The mean differences were less than 3 mm in the cervix. The mean differences were less than 1.5 mm at all measurement points on the posterior surface. Conclusion: Differences in the measurements of the cervix and uterus obtained by MRI and ultrasound were within clinically acceptable limits. Transabdominal ultrasound can be substituted for MRI in defining the target volume for conformal brachytherapy treatment of cervix cancer.« less

Pregnancy outcomes in unicornuate uteri: a review.

PubMed

Reichman, David; Laufer, Marc R; Robinson, Barrett K

2009-05-01

To elucidate the impact of unicornuate uteri on pregnancy outcomes as evidenced by historical and contemporary studies. Publications related to unicornuate uterus were identified through MEDLINE and other bibliographic databases. Literature review in an academic research environment. Premenopausal women with confirmed unicornuate uterus based on surgical or radiological evidence who were undergoing gynecologic and obstetrical care. None. Rates of ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, preterm delivery, intrauterine fetal demise, and live birth. Our review revealed 20 studies of varying size and design that had commented on pregnancy outcomes in unicornuate uteri. These studies ranged in date from 1953 to 2006 and from a sample size of one to 55 patients. In total, we examined 290 women with unicornuate uterus reported in the literature. Of those patients, 175 conceived, to carry a total of 468 pregnancies. Incidence data in the literature reveal that unicornuate uterus occurs in 1:4020 women in the general population; the anomaly, however, is significantly more common in infertile women, as in women with repeated poor outcomes. Our review revealed rates of 2.7% ectopic pregnancy, 24.3% first trimester abortion,9.7% second trimester abortion, 20.1% preterm delivery, 3.8% intrauterine fetal demise, and 51.5%live birth [corrected]. Unicornuate uterus is a Mullerian anomaly with prognostic implications for poorer outcomes during pregnancy. The rates of adverse outcomes have likely been historically overestimated. Although it is unclear whether interventions before conception or early in pregnancy such as resection of the rudimentary horn and prophylactic cervical cerclage decidedly improve obstetrical outcomes, current practice suggests that such interventions may be helpful. Women presenting with a history of this anomaly should be considered high-risk obstetrical patients.

[The uterotropismus of halothane, chloroform or methoxyflurane in clinical use (author's transl)].

PubMed

Fassolt, A; Schubiger, V; Hauser, G A

1976-11-01

To perform episiotomy, 89 women after childbirth were anaesthetized with either halothane (50 patients), methoxyflurane (24 patients) or chloroform (15 patients). The activity of the uterus was registered tocodynamographically. To examine the alternate influence of narcotics and uterotonica, 57 patients were pre-medicated with sintocinon and methergin i.m. as a prophylaxis. The second group (32 patients) received no premedication to stimulate labor activity, however in 18 cases towards the end of narcosis oxytocin and methergin were given i.v. In addition to these examinations 5 vaginal deliveries were anaesthetised with halothane only. Concerning our own experimental study it can be observed: 1. The relaxative properties of halothane wich suppresses completly the activity of myometrium during the deep stages of anaesthesia are superior to chloroform and methoxyflurane. 2. More rapid relaxation of the uterus with halothane compared with chloroform and methoxyflurane. 3. After the use of halothane a quicker return of the activity of the uterus compared with chloroform and methoxyflurane. 4. The value of a prophylaxis with uterotonica can be demonstrated by a comparatively reduced slowing-down of labour-activity during anaesthesia. 5. In every one of the cases, an interuption of the labour-suppressing, caused by the anaesthesia, can be obtained by injecting intravenously oxytocin or methergin. 6. During vaginal delivery, compared to the post placentar phase, there is no need for higher concentrations of halothane to be used to suppress labour contractions. The discussion deals with the intensity of reduction of the uterus contraction caused by the above mentioned narcotics, the dangers of the atony of the uterus, and the indications and contra-indications of obstetrical anaesthesia with halothane or methoxyflurane.

Msx homeobox genes critically regulate embryo implantation by controlling paracrine signaling between uterine stroma and epithelium.

PubMed

Nallasamy, Shanmugasundaram; Li, Quanxi; Bagchi, Milan K; Bagchi, Indrani C

2012-01-01

The mammalian Msx homeobox genes, Msx1 and Msx2, encode transcription factors that control organogenesis and tissue interactions during embryonic development. We observed overlapping expression of these factors in uterine epithelial and stromal compartments of pregnant mice prior to embryo implantation. Conditional ablation of both Msx1 and Msx2 in the uterus resulted in female infertility due to a failure in implantation. In these mutant mice (Msx1/2(d/d)), the uterine epithelium exhibited persistent proliferative activity and failed to attach to the embryos. Gene expression profiling of uterine epithelium and stroma of Msx1/2(d/d) mice revealed an elevated expression of several members of the Wnt gene family in the preimplantation uterus. Increased canonical Wnt signaling in the stromal cells activated β-catenin, stimulating the production of a subset of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in these cells. The secreted FGFs acted in a paracrine manner via the FGF receptors in the epithelium to promote epithelial proliferation, thereby preventing differentiation of this tissue and creating a non-receptive uterus refractory to implantation. Collectively, these findings delineate a unique signaling network, involving Msx1/2, Wnts, and FGFs, which operate in the uterus at the time of implantation to control the mesenchymal-epithelial dialogue critical for successful establishment of pregnancy.

Conservative Management of Placenta Accreta/Increta after Vaginal Birth

PubMed Central

Peiffer, S.; Reinhard, J.; Reitter, A.; Louwen, F.

2012-01-01

Aim: Aim of the study was to show that conservative management with preservation of the uterus and of fertility is possible in patients with placenta accreta/increta after vaginal delivery. Method: A retrospective analysis of patients with placental attachment disorders after vaginal delivery was done in a perinatal centre between November 2009 and April 2011. The patient collective was identified using the ICD-10 codes for placenta accreta/increta/percreta, and patient records were analysed for risk factors, maternal morbidity, preservation of the uterus and of fertility, and neonatal outcome. Results: Three cases of placenta increta were identified in the last 1.5 years out of a total of 1457 vaginal deliveries, and all 3 cases were treated conservatively. Mean maternal age was 35.3 years; gestational age ranged from 39 to 41 weeks, and mean duration between delivery of the child and delivery of the placenta was 44.67 days (range: 14–100 days). Two patients developed symptoms of endomyometritis, including fever, leukocytosis and increased CRP levels. All 3 women were successfully managed with preservation of the uterus. Conclusion: In selected cases with placenta accreta/increta after vaginal delivery, it is possible to avoid surgical procedures, particularly hysterectomy procedures, and successfully manage these patients conservatively with preservation of the uterus. PMID:25308979

Three-dimensional imaging of the developing mouse female reproductive organs with optical coherence tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burton, Jason C.; Wang, Shang; Behringer, Richard R.; Larina, Irina V.

2016-03-01

Infertility is a known major health concern and is estimated to impact ~15% of couples in the U.S. The majority of failed pregnancies occur before or during implantation of the fertilized embryo into the uterus. Understanding the mechanisms regulating development by studying mouse reproductive organs could significantly contribute to an improved understanding of normal development of reproductive organs and developmental causes of infertility in humans. Towards this goal, we report a three-dimensional (3D) imaging study of the developing mouse reproductive organs (ovary, oviduct, and uterus) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). In our study, OCT was used for 3D imaging of reproductive organs without exogenous contrast agents and provides micro-scale spatial resolution. Experiments were conducted in vitro on mouse reproductive organs ranging from the embryonic day 14.5 to adult stages. Structural features of the ovary, oviduct, and uterus are presented. Additionally, a comparison with traditional histological analysis is illustrated. These results provide a basis for a wide range of infertility studies in mouse models. Through integration with traditional genetic and molecular biology approaches, this imaging method can improve understanding of ovary, oviduct, and uterus development and function, serving to further contribute to our understanding of fertility and infertility.

Monoamines and sexual function in rats bred for increased catatonic reactivity.

PubMed

Klochkov, D V; Alekhina, T A; Kuznetsova, E G; Barykina, N N

2009-07-01

Body weight, ovary and uterus weight, the nature of estral cycles, and hypothalamus dopamine and noradrenaline levels and plasma testosterone levels were studied in female GC rats, bred for increased catatonic reactivity, at different stages of the estral cycle (estrus, proestrus). The outbred Wistar strain served as controls. On the background of decreased body weight, GC females showed impairments to the morphological cyclical changes in the ovaries and uterus, with a reduction in ovary weight in diestrus (p < 0.01) and a smaller estrogen-dependent increase in uterus weight in estrus as compared with Wistar females. On the background of decreases in dopamine and noradrenaline contents in the hypothalamus, GC rats showed higher levels of these monoamines in estrus and lower levels in diestrus. Plasma testosterone levels in female GC rats were higher in diestrus than in estrus and in Wistar rats.

Recovery of Mycoplasma spp. from the Reproductive Tract of the Mare during the Estrous Cycle

PubMed Central

Bermudez, Victor; Miller, Richard; Johnson, Walter; Rosendal, Soren; Ruhnke, Louise

1987-01-01

The sites in the genital tract from which mycoplasmas could be recovered at various stages of the estrous cycle were studied in five Standardbred mares naturally infected with Mycoplasma. Mycoplasma equigenitalium and Mycoplasma subdolum were most frequently isolated from the clitoral fossa as compared to the vagina, cervix, and uterus. The lowest isolation prevalence was observed in the uterus. The recovery of Mycoplasma spp. from the clitoral fossa did not differ at any stage of the estrous cycle; however, recovery from the vagina, cervix, and uterus was variable during the cycle and more organisms were recovered on the day of ovulation than at any other time. From these results it was concluded that the clitoral fossa is the most likely “ecological niche” for Mycoplasma spp. in the mare. Ureaplasmas were not isolated. ImagesFigure 1.Figure 2. PMID:17422844

A One-Year Inhalation Toxicity Study of Otto Fuel 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-01

plus marrow) Thymus Spleen Gallbladder Kidneys Pancreas Bladder Seminal vesicles Nasal cavity Prostate Brain Testes Bone marrow smear Ovaries Uterus...mice than in the exposed subjects. Hyaline degeneration of gallbladder epithelium was also noted frequently in control mice. Hepatocellular fatty change...c 53/87 (6 1 )b Uterus Adenocarcinoma - - - 24/81 (30) 3/65 ( 5 )c 6/85 ( 7 )c Endometrial stromal polyp - - 3/81 (4) 7/65 (11) 12/85 (14) a Number

Modulatory effects of steroid hormones, oxytocin, arachidonic acid, forskolin and cyclic AMP on the expression of aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 5 in the porcine uterus during placentation.

PubMed

Skowronska, A; Mlotkowska, P; Okrasa, S; Nielsen, S; Skowronski, M T

2016-04-01

Aquaporins (AQPs) are proteins forming trans-membrane channels responsible for water transport. AQP1 and AQP5 are present in structures of the female reproductive system. In the uterus, these AQPs are involved in water movement between the intraluminal, interstitial and capillary compartments and their uterine expression is essential throughout the pregnancy, including its early stages. Thus, the study aimed to assess the influence of P4 (progesterone), E2 (estradiol), OT (oxytocin), AA (arachidonic acid), cAMP and FSK (forskolin) on the AQP1 and AQP5 mRNA and protein expression in the uterine tissue of gilts on Days 30 - 32 of gestation (the placentation period), following short (3 h) and long (24 h) incubations. Steroid hormones influenced the expression of AQP1 and AQP5; E2 up-regulated, but P4 down-regulated mRNAs of these AQPs, whereas the protein level of studied AQPs was increased by both steroids. OT treatment decreased AQP1 (after 24 h), but increased AQP5 (after 3 h) mRNA expression. Treatment with AA significantly reduced the AQP1 expression at the mRNA level, but stimulated at the protein level. The expression of AQP5 mRNA and protein was stimulated by AA. FSK markedly decreased AQP1 mRNA, but increased of AQP5 after 3-h incubation. In turn, cAMP stimulated and inhibited transcription of AQP5 after 3- and 24-h incubations, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the uterine localization of AQP1 in the apical and basal membranes of endothelial cells and AQP5 in the apical membranes of epithelial cells under control condition. Treatments with P4, E2, AA, cAMP or FSK have caused additional appearance of AQP5 labeling in the basolateral membranes of epithelial cells. These results suggest a participation of steroid hormones (P4 and E2), AA derivatives and cAMP in controlling the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 as well as the distribution of AQP5 in the uterine tissue of pregnant gilts during placentation (Days 30 - 32 of gestation).

Easy sonographic differential diagnosis between intrauterine pregnancy and cesarean delivery scar pregnancy in the early first trimester.

PubMed

Timor-Tritsch, Ilan E; Monteagudo, Ana; Cali, Giuseppe; El Refaey, Hazem; Kaelin Agten, Andrea; Arslan, Alan A

2016-08-01

Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a serious complication of pregnancy, which consists of implantation of the gestational sac in the hysterotomy scar. This condition is increasing in frequency and often poses a diagnostic challenge. Its diagnosis is dependent on visual assessment of the uterus on the longitudinal sagittal ultrasound plane. Misdiagnosing a low intrauterine chorionic sac as a CSP, or a true scar pregnancy as an intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), may lead to adverse outcomes including hysterectomy. The objective of the study is to describe a sonographic method for the differential diagnosis of CSP vs IUP in early gestation. The current study tests the hypothesis that on a first-trimester ultrasound performed between 5-10 weeks of gestation, the relative location of the center of gestational sac to the midpoint of the uterus along a longitudinal line between the external cervical os and the fundus can be used for early detection of CSPs. This is a retrospective review of electronically archived ultrasound images of IUP and CSP between 5-10 weeks of gestation. A total of 242 ultrasound images were analyzed: 185 cases of normal IUPs (including 128 in anteverted uteri, 31 in retroverted uteri, and 26 IUPs with history of cesarean delivery) and 57 cases of CSPs diagnosed from 2004 through 2015 in a single institution. The following measurements were made for each case: distance from the external cervical os to the uterine fundus, the midpoint axis of the uterus, the distance from the external cervical os to the center of gestational sacs, and the distance from the external cervical os to the most distant edge of the gestational sacs from the cervix. The location of the center of the gestational sac relative to the midpoint axis of the uterus between 5-10 weeks of gestation differentiated between IUP and CSP (mean 17.8 vs -10.6 mm, respectively, P = .0001), indicating that most CSPs are located proximally to the midpoint axis of the uterus whereas most normal

Angiogenic imbalance and diminished matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 underlie regional decreases in uteroplacental vascularization and feto-placental growth in hypertensive pregnancy.

PubMed

Dias-Junior, Carlos A; Chen, Juanjuan; Cui, Ning; Chiang, Charles L; Zhu, Minglin; Ren, Zongli; Possomato-Vieira, Jose S; Khalil, Raouf A

2017-12-15

Preeclampsia is a form of hypertension-in-pregnancy (HTN-Preg) with unclear mechanism. Generalized reduction of uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) could be an initiating event leading to uteroplacental ischemia, angiogenic imbalance, and HTN-Preg. Additional regional differences in uteroplacental blood flow could further affect the pregnancy outcome and increase the risk of preeclampsia in twin or multiple pregnancy, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. To test the hypothesis that regional differences in angiogenic balance and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) underlie regional uteroplacental vascularization and feto-placental development, we compared fetal and placental growth, and placental and myoendometrial vascularization in the proximal, middle and distal regions of the uterus (in relation to the iliac bifurcation) in normal pregnant (Preg) and RUPP rats. Maternal blood pressure and plasma anti-angiogenic soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1)/placenta growth factor (PIGF) ratio were higher, and average placentae number, placenta weight, litter size, and pup weight were less in RUPP than Preg rats. The placenta and pup number and weight were reduced, while the number and diameter of placental and adjacent myoendometrial arteries, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels/activity were increased, and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was decreased in distal vs proximal uterus of Preg rats. In RUPP rats, the placenta and pup number and weight, the number and diameter of placental and myoendometrial arteries, and MMP-2 and -9 levels/activity were decreased, and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was increased in distal vs proximal uterus. Treatment with sFlt-1 or RUPP placenta extract decreased MMP-2 and MMP-9 in distal segments of Preg uterus, and treatment with PIGF or Preg placenta extract restored MMP levels in distal segments of RUPP uterus. Thus, in addition to the general reduction in placental and fetal growth during uteroplacental ischemia, localized angiogenic imbalance and diminished MMP-2

Multi-scale and multi-physics model of the uterine smooth muscle with mechanotransduction.

PubMed

Yochum, Maxime; Laforêt, Jérémy; Marque, Catherine

2018-02-01

Preterm labor is an important public health problem. However, the efficiency of the uterine muscle during labor is complex and still poorly understood. This work is a first step towards a model of the uterine muscle, including its electrical and mechanical components, to reach a better understanding of the uterus synchronization. This model is proposed to investigate, by simulation, the possible role of mechanotransduction for the global synchronization of the uterus. The electrical diffusion indeed explains the local propagation of contractile activity, while the tissue stretching may play a role in the synchronization of distant parts of the uterine muscle. This work proposes a multi-physics (electrical, mechanical) and multi-scales (cell, tissue, whole uterus) model, which is applied to a realistic uterus 3D mesh. This model includes electrical components at different scales: generation of action potentials at the cell level, electrical diffusion at the tissue level. It then links these electrical events to the mechanical behavior, at the cellular level (via the intracellular calcium concentration), by simulating the force generated by each active cell. It thus computes an estimation of the intra uterine pressure (IUP) by integrating the forces generated by each active cell at the whole uterine level, as well as the stretching of the tissue (by using a viscoelastic law for the behavior of the tissue). It finally includes at the cellular level stretch activated channels (SACs) that permit to create a loop between the mechanical and the electrical behavior (mechanotransduction). The simulation of different activated regions of the uterus, which in this first "proof of concept" case are electrically isolated, permits the activation of inactive regions through the stretching (induced by the electrically active regions) computed at the whole organ scale. This permits us to evidence the role of the mechanotransduction in the global synchronization of the uterus. The

The ESHRE/ESGE consensus on the classification of female genital tract congenital anomalies.

PubMed

Grimbizis, Grigoris F; Gordts, Stephan; Di Spiezio Sardo, Attilio; Brucker, Sara; De Angelis, Carlo; Gergolet, Marco; Li, Tin-Chiu; Tanos, Vasilios; Brölmann, Hans; Gianaroli, Luca; Campo, Rudi

2013-08-01

What classification system is more suitable for the accurate, clear, simple and related to the clinical management categorization of female genital anomalies? The new ESHRE/ESGE classification system of female genital anomalies is presented. Congenital malformations of the female genital tract are common miscellaneous deviations from normal anatomy with health and reproductive consequences. Until now, three systems have been proposed for their categorization but all of them are associated with serious limitations. The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) and the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESGE) have established a common Working Group, under the name CONUTA (CONgenital UTerine Anomalies), with the goal of developing a new updated classification system. A scientific committee (SC) has been appointed to run the project, looking also for consensus within the scientists working in the field. The new system is designed and developed based on (i) scientific research through critical review of current proposals and preparation of an initial proposal for discussion between the experts, (ii) consensus measurement among the experts through the use of the DELPHI procedure and (iii) consensus development by the SC, taking into account the results of the DELPHI procedure and the comments of the experts. Almost 90 participants took part in the process of development of the ESHRE/ESGE classification system, contributing with their structured answers and comments. The ESHRE/ESGE classification system is based on anatomy. Anomalies are classified into the following main classes, expressing uterine anatomical deviations deriving from the same embryological origin: U0, normal uterus; U1, dysmorphic uterus; U2, septate uterus; U3, bicorporeal uterus; U4, hemi-uterus; U5, aplastic uterus; U6, for still unclassified cases. Main classes have been divided into sub-classes expressing anatomical varieties with clinical significance. Cervical and

Problem of Single Cell Versus Multicell Origin of a Tumor

DTIC Science & Technology

1967-01-01

variant of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) to study the cell population of leiomyomas of the uterus. G6PD is an enzyme whose gene locus in man...genotype (GdA+) has normal enzyme activity [5]. We have studied leiomyomas of the uterus from females heterozygous for the electrophoretic variant of...G6PD. Leiomyomas are tumors made up of smooth muscle fibers. They are discrete, easy to diagnose on gross examination, available for biochemical analysis

Endometrial cancer with congenital uterine anomalies: 3 case reports and a literature review.

PubMed

Gao, Jinping; Zhang, Jintian; Tian, Wenyan; Teng, Fei; Zhang, Huiying; Zhang, Xuhong; Wang, Yingmei; Xue, Fengxia

2017-03-04

Uterine malformation is a rare deformity in woman, and only a few cases concerning endometrial cancer arising in patients with congenital uterine anomalies have been reported. Herein, we present 3 cases of endometrial cancer with different congenital uterine anomalies, and review studies involving congenital uterine anomalies associated with endometrial cancer in the past 25 years, to identify similarities and differences in clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis between endometrial cancer associated with uterine anomalies, and normal uterus. Case 1 was a 75-year-old gravida 1, para 0, woman with carcinosarcoma (mixed well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated sarcoma) of the right cavity (grade III, and at least stage II ) of a uterus didelphys. The tumor recurred within 7 months after surgery, salvage radiotherapy was unsuccessful; the patient died 8 months after the surgery. Case 2 was a 63-year-old gravida 5, para 3, woman with a bicornuate uterus and uterus papillary serous carcinoma of the right horn (grade III, stage IIIC). She did not respond to the chemotherapy post surgery and died within 4 months. Case 3 was a 60-year-old gravida 0, para 0, woman with a complete septate uterus and an oblique vaginal septum of the upper region of the vagina with endometrioid adenocarchcinoma of the left cavity (grade II, stage IA). No adjuvant therapy was administered and the patient had recovered 2 y after the surgery. Clinicians should be aware of the coexistence of uterine malignancies and uterine anomalies in patients presenting with persistent abnormal uterine bleeding, but with negative endometrial biopsy or failed in the operation of endometrial biopsy. In such cases, magnetic resonance imaging has an important role in the diagnosis of both malformation and malignancy, and an exploratory laparotomy should be performed to avoid delaying the diagnosis and treatment of cancers.

Endometrial cancer with congenital uterine anomalies: 3 case reports and a literature review

PubMed Central

Gao, Jinping; Zhang, Jintian; Tian, Wenyan; Teng, Fei; Zhang, Huiying; Zhang, Xuhong; Wang, Yingmei; Xue, Fengxia

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Background: Uterine malformation is a rare deformity in woman, and only a few cases concerning endometrial cancer arising in patients with congenital uterine anomalies have been reported. Herein, we present 3 cases of endometrial cancer with different congenital uterine anomalies, and review studies involving congenital uterine anomalies associated with endometrial cancer in the past 25 years, to identify similarities and differences in clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis between endometrial cancer associated with uterine anomalies, and normal uterus. Cases: Case 1 was a 75-year-old gravida 1, para 0, woman with carcinosarcoma (mixed well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated sarcoma) of the right cavity (grade III, and at least stage II ) of a uterus didelphys. The tumor recurred within 7 months after surgery, salvage radiotherapy was unsuccessful; the patient died 8 months after the surgery. Case 2 was a 63-year-old gravida 5, para 3, woman with a bicornuate uterus and uterus papillary serous carcinoma of the right horn (grade III, stage IIIC). She did not respond to the chemotherapy post surgery and died within 4 months. Case 3 was a 60-year-old gravida 0, para 0, woman with a complete septate uterus and an oblique vaginal septum of the upper region of the vagina with endometrioid adenocarchcinoma of the left cavity (grade II, stage IA). No adjuvant therapy was administered and the patient had recovered 2 y after the surgery. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of the coexistence of uterine malignancies and uterine anomalies in patients presenting with persistent abnormal uterine bleeding, but with negative endometrial biopsy or failed in the operation of endometrial biopsy. In such cases, magnetic resonance imaging has an important role in the diagnosis of both malformation and malignancy, and an exploratory laparotomy should be performed to avoid delaying the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. PMID

Genetic deletion of Cxcl14 in mice alters uterine NK cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cao, Qichen; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing 100049; Chen, Hua

2013-06-14

Highlights: •We first examined the expression of Cxcl14 in MLAp and DB of uterus. •We found the uNK cells in MLAp and decidua express Cxcl14. •In Cxcl14{sup −/−} placenta, we found significantly decreased uNK cells. •We first performed microarray to compare the gene expression in MLAp and DB. -- Abstract: The uterine natural killer cells (uNK cells) are the major immune cells in pregnant uterus and the number of uNK cells is dramatically increased during placentation and embryo development. The uNK cells are necessary for the immune tolerance, cytokine secretion and angiogenesis of placenta. Former studies indicated that the populationmore » expansion of uNK cells was accomplished through recruitment of NK cell precursors from the spleen and bone marrow, but not proliferation of NK cells. However, the necessary molecules within this process were little understood. Here in our study, we found the co-localized expression of Cxcl14 protein with uNK cells in E13.5 pregnant uterus. Moreover, we used Cxcl14 knockout mice to examine uNK cells in mesometrial lymphoid aggregate of pregnancy (MLAp) and decidua basalis (DB) of E13.5 pregnant uterus and found significantly decreased uNK cells in Cxcl14{sup −/−} pregnant uteri compared with Cxcl14{sup +/−} pregnant uteri. To further explorer the molecular change in MLAp and DB after Cxcl14 knockout, we isolated the MLAp and DB from Cxcl14{sup +/+} and Cxcl14{sup −/−} pregnant uteri and performed microarray analysis. We found many genes were up and down regulated after Cxcl14 knockout. In conclusion, our results suggested the important function of Cxcl14 in uNK cells and the proper level of Cxcl14 protein were required to recruit NK cells to pregnant uterus.« less

Reproductive System of Brown-throated Sloth (Bradypus variegatus, Schinz 1825, Pilosa, Xenarthra): Anatomy and Histology.

PubMed

Favoretto, S M; daSilva, E G; Menezes, J; Guerra, R R; Campos, D B

2016-08-01

In recent years, habitat degradation led to the decline of some populations of brown-throated sloth. The aim of this study was to describe morphological features of the female reproductive system of the species. The oval ovaries were partially surrounded by ovarian bursa. An external cortex and an inner medulla were present. Corpora lutea and corpora albicans together with follicles at various stages of development each with a single oocyte were found in the cortex. Uterine tubes were tortuous, tubular, travelled around the perimeter of the ovary and possessed a folded mucosa with ciliated pseudostratified epithelium. Uterus was simplex, with no horns and divided into three parts: a pear-shaped cranial segment and a long caudal uterine segment (both forming the body of the uterus) and two cervices. Uterus presented three layers: mucosa, lined by pseudostratified epithelium, muscular and serosa. The cervices connected the uterus to the urogenital sinus, a distensible cavity with longitudinal mucosal folds lined by transitional epithelium that extended from the external urethral orifice and the external uterine ostia to the vulva, which was lined by a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Brown-throated sloth presented a bipartite clitoris with paired crura, bodies and glandes. The presence of a double cervix and a bipartite clitoris was unique features of the species. © 2015 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Msx Homeobox Genes Critically Regulate Embryo Implantation by Controlling Paracrine Signaling between Uterine Stroma and Epithelium

PubMed Central

Nallasamy, Shanmugasundaram; Li, Quanxi; Bagchi, Milan K.; Bagchi, Indrani C.

2012-01-01

The mammalian Msx homeobox genes, Msx1 and Msx2, encode transcription factors that control organogenesis and tissue interactions during embryonic development. We observed overlapping expression of these factors in uterine epithelial and stromal compartments of pregnant mice prior to embryo implantation. Conditional ablation of both Msx1 and Msx2 in the uterus resulted in female infertility due to a failure in implantation. In these mutant mice (Msx1/2 d/d), the uterine epithelium exhibited persistent proliferative activity and failed to attach to the embryos. Gene expression profiling of uterine epithelium and stroma of Msx1/2 d/d mice revealed an elevated expression of several members of the Wnt gene family in the preimplantation uterus. Increased canonical Wnt signaling in the stromal cells activated β-catenin, stimulating the production of a subset of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in these cells. The secreted FGFs acted in a paracrine manner via the FGF receptors in the epithelium to promote epithelial proliferation, thereby preventing differentiation of this tissue and creating a non-receptive uterus refractory to implantation. Collectively, these findings delineate a unique signaling network, involving Msx1/2, Wnts, and FGFs, which operate in the uterus at the time of implantation to control the mesenchymal-epithelial dialogue critical for successful establishment of pregnancy. PMID:22383889

Neonatal Progesterone Programs Adult Uterine Responses to Progesterone and Susceptibility to Uterine Dysfunction

PubMed Central

Rumi, M. A. Karim; Kubota, Kaiyu; Chakraborty, Damayanti; Chien, Jeremy; Roby, Katherine F.

2015-01-01

In this report, we investigated the consequences of neonatal progesterone exposure on adult rat uterine function. Female pups were subcutaneously injected with vehicle or progesterone from postnatal days 3 to 9. Early progesterone exposure affected endometrial gland biogenesis, puberty, decidualization, and fertility. Because decidualization and pregnancy success are directly linked to progesterone action on the uterus, we investigated the responsiveness of the adult uterus to progesterone. We first identified progesterone-dependent uterine gene expression using RNA sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR in Holtzman Sprague-Dawley rats and progesterone-resistant Brown Norway rats. The impact of neonatal progesterone treatment on adult uterine progesterone responsiveness was next investigated using quantitative RT-PCR. Progesterone resistance affected the spectrum and total number of progesterone-responsive genes and the magnitude of uterine responses for a subset of progesterone targets. Several progesterone-responsive genes in adult uterus exhibited significantly dampened responses in neonatally progesterone-treated females compared with those of vehicle-treated controls, whereas other progesterone-responsive transcripts did not differ between female rats exposed to vehicle or progesterone as neonates. The organizational actions of progesterone on the uterus were dependent on signaling through the progesterone receptor but not estrogen receptor 1. To summarize, neonatal progesterone exposure leads to disturbances in endometrial gland biogenesis, progesterone resistance, and uterine dysfunction. Neonatal progesterone effectively programs adult uterine responsiveness to progesterone. PMID:26204463

Invading of intrauterine contraceptive device into the sigmoid colon through uterine perforation caused by a blunt trauma.

PubMed

Davoodabadi, Abdoulhossein; Mohammadzadeh, Mahdi; Amirbeigi, Mahdieh; Jazayeri, Hoda

2015-01-01

Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is relatively safe but still with some serious risks. Uterus perforation is rare and would be fatal. A case of Cu-7 IUCD invading into the sigmoid colon through uterine perforation caused by a pelvic blunt trauma was presented. Our case showed that uterus perforation by an IUCD could induce utero-sigmoid fistula which is likely to be missed. Imaging is required when the patients with IUCD present abdominal pain, particularly with a history of trauma.

Bacteriological colonisation of uterine cavity: role of tailed intrauterine contraceptive device.

PubMed Central

Sparks, R A; Purrier, B G; Watt, P J; Elstein, M

1981-01-01

Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) are thought to cause pelvic inflammatory disease by allowing vaginal bacteria to pass into the uterus along the tail of the device. In this study the uterine cavities of 22 women using an IUCD were examined by a multiple biopsy technique. All five uteruses with a tailless IUCD were sterile but 15 out of 17 with a tailed device contained bacteria. The bacteria had not reached the fundus and most were commensals. The bacteria were not introduced by insertion of the IUCD as bacteria were present in several cases long after insertion. No differences in bacterial count were found between monofilamentous and multifilamentous devices. Bacteria were cultured from only four devices, which suggested that the bacteria adhere to the endometrium and not to the device. The bacteria in the cavity represent interference by the tail with the protective mechanisms of the uterus, which explains the increase in pelvic inflammatory disease in IUCD users. PMID:6788128

New operational technology of intrauterine ventilation the fetus lungs by breathing gas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Urakov, A. L.; Nikityuk, D. B.; Urakova, N. A.; Kasankin, A. A.; Chernova, L. V.; Dementiev, V. B.

2015-11-01

New operational technology for elimination intrauterine hypoxia and asphyxia of the fetus using endoscopic artificial ventilation lungs by respiratory gas was developed. For intrauterine ventilation of fetal lung it is proposed to enter into the uterus a special breathing mask and wear it on the head of the fetus using the original endoscopic technology. The breathing mask, developed by us is connected with external breathing apparatus with a hose. The device is called "intrauterine aqualung". Intrauterine aqualung includes a ventilator and breathing circuit with a special fold-out breathing mask that is put on inside the uterus on the head of fetus like a mesh hat. Controlled by ultrasound the technology of the introduction of the mask inside of the uterus through the natural opening in the cervix and technology of putting on the respiratory mask on the head of the fetus with its head previa were developed. The technology intrauterine ventilation of the fetus lungs by respiratory gas was developed.

How uterine microbiota might be responsible for a receptive, fertile endometrium.

PubMed

Benner, Marilen; Ferwerda, Gerben; Joosten, Irma; van der Molen, Renate G

2018-04-16

Fertility depends on a receptive state of the endometrium, influenced by hormonal and anatomical adaptations, as well as the immune system. Local and systemic immunity is greatly influenced by microbiota. Recent discoveries of 16S rRNA in the endometrium and the ability to detect low-biomass microbiota fueled the notion that the uterus may be indeed a non-sterile compartment. To date, the concept of the 'sterile womb' focuses on in utero effects of microbiota on offspring and neonatal immunity. However, little awareness has been raised regarding the importance of uterine microbiota for endometrial physiology in reproductive health; manifested in fertility and placentation. Commensal colonization of the uterus has been widely discussed in the literature. The objective of this review is to outline the possible importance of this uterine colonization for a healthy, fertile uterus. We present the available evidence regarding uterine microbiota, focusing on recent findings based on 16S rRNA, and depict the possible importance of uterine colonization for a receptive endometrium. We highlight a possible role of uterine microbiota for host immunity and tissue adaptation, as well as conferring protection against pathogens. Based on knowledge of the interaction of the mucosal immune cells of the gut with the local microbiome, we want to investigate the potential implications of commensal colonization for uterine health. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles in English indexed from 1 January 2008 to 1 March 2018 for '16S rRNA', 'uterus' and related search terms to assess available evidence on uterine microbiome analysis. A manual search of the references within the resulting articles was performed. To investigate possible functional contributions of uterine microbiota to health, studies on microbiota of other body sites were additionally assessed. Challenging the view of a sterile uterus is in its infancy and, to date, no conclusions on a 'core uterine

Persistent müllerian duct syndrome associated with irreducible inguinal hernia, bilateral cryptorchidism and testicular neoplasia: a case report.

PubMed

Yuksel, B; Saygun, O; Hengirmen, S

2006-01-01

Persistent müllerian duct syndrome is a rare form of male pseudohermaphroditism. A case is reported of normal male appearance with bilateral cryptorchidism and a right irreducible inguinal hernia. On exploration, an uterus with two fallopian tubes and a testicle were found in the hernia sac. The uterus, fallopian tubes and left testicle were en bloc removed. Right orchidopexy and hernia repair were performed. In conclusion, if there is an adult bilateral cryptorchidism, surgeons should take into consideration a persistent müllerian duct syndrome.

Uteroenteric Fistula Resulting From Fibroid Expulsion After Uterine Fibroid Embolization: Case Report and Review of the Literature

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gutierrez, Luis B., E-mail: lbgutier@stanford.edu; Bansal, Anshuman K., E-mail: abansal@mednet.ucla.edu; Hovsepian, David M., E-mail: hovsepian@stanford.edu

A 44-year-old woman underwent uncomplicated uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) for menstrual and bulk-related symptoms in an enlarged, myomatous uterus. After surgery, she spontaneously sloughed a large mass of fibroids that arrested in the cervical canal during passage. Four days after gynecological extraction, she developed copious vaginal discharge that contained enteric contents. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a fistula between the small bowel and the uterus. She subsequently underwent hysterectomy, left oophorectomy, and small-bowel resection. Her postoperative recovery was uneventful.

The ESHRE/ESGE consensus on the classification of female genital tract congenital anomalies†,‡

PubMed Central

Grimbizis, Grigoris F.; Gordts, Stephan; Di Spiezio Sardo, Attilio; Brucker, Sara; De Angelis, Carlo; Gergolet, Marco; Li, Tin-Chiu; Tanos, Vasilios; Brölmann, Hans; Gianaroli, Luca; Campo, Rudi

2013-01-01

STUDY QUESTION What classification system is more suitable for the accurate, clear, simple and related to the clinical management categorization of female genital anomalies? SUMMARY ANSWER The new ESHRE/ESGE classification system of female genital anomalies is presented. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Congenital malformations of the female genital tract are common miscellaneous deviations from normal anatomy with health and reproductive consequences. Until now, three systems have been proposed for their categorization but all of them are associated with serious limitations. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE AND DURATION The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) and the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESGE) have established a common Working Group, under the name CONUTA (CONgenital UTerine Anomalies), with the goal of developing a new updated classification system. A scientific committee (SC) has been appointed to run the project, looking also for consensus within the scientists working in the field. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The new system is designed and developed based on (i) scientific research through critical review of current proposals and preparation of an initial proposal for discussion between the experts, (ii) consensus measurement among the experts through the use of the DELPHI procedure and (iii) consensus development by the SC, taking into account the results of the DELPHI procedure and the comments of the experts. Almost 90 participants took part in the process of development of the ESHRE/ESGE classification system, contributing with their structured answers and comments. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The ESHRE/ESGE classification system is based on anatomy. Anomalies are classified into the following main classes, expressing uterine anatomical deviations deriving from the same embryological origin: U0, normal uterus; U1, dysmorphic uterus; U2, septate uterus; U3, bicorporeal uterus; U4, hemi-uterus; U5, aplastic

Lactate produced during labor modulates uterine inflammation via GPR81 (HCA1).

PubMed

Madaan, Ankush; Nadeau-Vallée, Mathieu; Rivera, Jose Carlos; Obari, Dima; Hou, Xin; Sierra, Estefania Marin; Girard, Sylvie; Olson, David M; Chemtob, Sylvain

2017-01-01

Uterine inflammatory processes trigger prolabor pathways and orchestrate on-time labor onset. Although essential for successful labor, inflammation needs to be regulated to avoid uncontrolled amplification and resolve postpartum. During labor, myometrial smooth muscle cells generate ATP mainly via anaerobic glycolysis, resulting in accumulation of lactate. Aside from its metabolic function, lactate has been shown to activate a G protein-coupled receptor, GPR81, reported to regulate inflammation. We therefore hypothesize that lactate produced during labor may act via GPR81 in the uterus to exert in a feedback manner antiinflammatory effects, to resolve or mitigate inflammation. We sought to investigate the role of lactate produced during labor and its receptor, GPR81, in regulating inflammation in the uterus. We investigated the expression of GPR81 in the uterus and the pharmacological role of lactate acting via GPR81 during labor, using shRNA-GPR81 and GPR81 -/- mice. (1) Uterine lactate levels increased substantially from 2 to 9 mmol/L during labor. (2) Immunohistological analysis revealed expression of GPR81 in the uterus with high expression in myometrium. (3) GPR81 expression increased during gestation, and peaked near labor. (4) In primary myometrial smooth muscle cell and ex vivo uteri from wild-type mice, lactate decreased interleukin-1β-induced transcription of key proinflammatory Il1b, Il6, Ccl2, and Pghs2; suppressive effects of lactate were not observed in cells and tissues from GPR81 -/- mice. (5) Conversely, proinflammatory gene expression was augmented in the uterus at term in GPR81 -/- mice and wild-type mice treated intrauterine with lentiviral-encoded shRNA-GPR81; GPR81 silencing also induced proinflammatory gene transcription in the uterus when labor was induced by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide). (6) Importantly, administration to pregnant mice of a metabolically stable specific GPR81 agonist, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, decreased endotoxin

Prevalence of uterine myoma detected by ultrasound examination in the atomic bomb survivors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kawamura, Sachiko; Kodama, Kazunori; Fujiwara, Saeko

1997-06-01

Benign tumors of several organs have been demonstrated to occur as late effects of atomic bomb exposure, and a recent addition to the list of affected organs in the uterus. The increased incidence of uterine myoma noted in Radiation Effects Research Foundation (REFR) Adult Health Study Report 7, however, was based on self-reported information, optional gynecological examination and patient-requested ultrasound examination. Thus the possibility of dose-related bias in case detection was a serious concern. Therefore, the relationship between the prevalence of uterine myoma and dose to the uterus was examined after excluding as much bias as possible by asking allmore » women who had undergone biennial examinations from December 1991 through December 1993 to undergo ultrasound examinations. Among 2506 female participants in Hiroshima, the uterus was visualized by ultrasound examination in 1190, and 238 were found to have uterine nodules. Multiple logistic analysis using Dosimetry System 1986 uterine doses revealed a significant dose response for the prevalence of uterine nodules. The odds ratio at 1 Gy was 1.61 (95% confidence interval: 1.12-2.31). It is unlikely that the observed relationship after adjusting for bladder filling, volume of the uterus, age and menopause status was the result of dose-related bias. These results support previous findings at RERF and provide further evidence that radiation exposure is one of the factors associated with uterine myoma. 28 refs., 3 figs., 4 tabs.« less

Role of fine needle aspiration cytology and cell block in diagnosis of scar endometriosis: A case report

PubMed Central

Dash, Sashibhusan; Panda, Sasmita; Rout, Niranjan; Samantaray, Sagarika

2015-01-01

Presence of endometrial glands and stroma in places other than the uterus is called endometriosis. It can be pelvic or extra-pelvic. Abdominal scar endometriosis is an extra-pelvic endometriosis that can occur after surgery involving the uterus. Post-caesarean section, scar endometriosis is a rare event. The diagnosis is frequently made only after excision of disease tissue. We present a case of post-caesarean section abdominal scar endometriosis presenting as a tumor on the abdominal wall, which was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology and confirmed by cell block preparation. PMID:25948955

Radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer depicted uterine leiomyoma.

PubMed

Hirata, Kenji; Shiga, Tohru; Kubota, Kanako C; Okamoto, Shozo; Kamibayashi, Tomohito; Tamaki, Nagara

2009-03-01

A 55-year-old woman underwent radioiodine therapy for papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Post-therapeutic I-131 scan revealed radioiodine uptake in the pelvic region and in the thyroid bed. CT revealed a huge mass connected to the uterus. The tumor was operated on and histologically proven to be a leiomyoma of the uterus. Some physiological conditions or nonthyroidal diseases can cause false positives in patients with postoperative thyroid cancer. We suggest that uterine leiomyoma might be added to the pitfall list, although the mechanism of I-131 uptake remains unclear.

Colovaginoplasty in a Case of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome

PubMed Central

Iqbal, Muhammad Zafar; Jam, Mazher Rafee; Ahmad, Mushtaq; Mirza, Bilal

2014-01-01

Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS) is characterized by various abnormalities of paramesonephric duct structures; vaginal aplasia being the commonest anomaly in the spectrum. We report a 17-year-old girl; a case of MRKHS with vaginal agenesis. The cervix was present but atretic; uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries were normal. There were no associated renal or skeletal defects. Colovaginoplasty was done to bridge the gap between uterus and introitus. Postoperatively, small part of colovaginoplasty flap became necrotic posteriorly, which was ultimately managed by insetting of labial flap. PMID:24834388

Colovaginoplasty in a case of mayer-rokitansky-kuster-hauser syndrome.

PubMed

Saleem, Muhammad; Iqbal, Muhammad Zafar; Jam, Mazher Rafee; Ahmad, Mushtaq; Mirza, Bilal

2014-01-01

Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS) is characterized by various abnormalities of paramesonephric duct structures; vaginal aplasia being the commonest anomaly in the spectrum. We report a 17-year-old girl; a case of MRKHS with vaginal agenesis. The cervix was present but atretic; uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries were normal. There were no associated renal or skeletal defects. Colovaginoplasty was done to bridge the gap between uterus and introitus. Postoperatively, small part of colovaginoplasty flap became necrotic posteriorly, which was ultimately managed by insetting of labial flap.

Placentation in the eastern water skink (Eulamprus quoyii): a placentome-like structure in a lecithotrophic lizard

PubMed Central

Murphy, Bridget F; Parker, Scott L; Murphy, Christopher R; Thompson, Michael B

2011-01-01

The eastern water skink (Eulamprus quoyii) has lecithotrophic embryos and was previously described as having a simple Type I chorioallantoic placenta. Indeed, it was the species upon which the definition of a Type I placenta was thought to be based, although we had cause to question that assumption. Hence we have described the morphology of the uterus of E. quoyii and found it to be more complex than previously supposed. The mesometrial pole of the uterus in E. quoyii displays a vessel-dense elliptical structure (the VDE) with columnar uterine epithelial cells. As pregnancy proceeds, the uterine epithelium near the mesometrial pole becomes folded and glands become hypertrophied, so that the morphology of VDE resembles that of a placentome, characteristic of Type III placentae. Unlike species with a Type III placenta, the apposing chorioallantoic membrane of E. quoyii is lined with squamous cells and interdigitates with the folded uterine epithelium. The remainder of the uterus is thin with a squamous uterine epithelium throughout pregnancy. Immunohistochemical localisation of blood vessels reveals a dense network of small capillaries directly beneath the folded epithelium of the VDE, while blood vessels are larger and sparser at the abembryonic pole of the uterus. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity is present in the uterine epithelium and sub-epithelial blood vessels in newly ovulated females. AP activity disappears from the epithelium between stages 27 and 29 of embryonic development and from the blood vessels after stage 34, but appears in the uterine glands at stage 35, where it remains until the end of pregnancy. Although the VDE is structurally similar to the placentomes found in other viviparous lizards, different distributions of AP activity in the uterus of E. quoyii and Pseudemoia spenceri suggest that the VDE may be functionally different from the placentome of the latter species. Our description of uterine morphology in E. quoyii provides evidence that

Beneficial effects of vitamin C treatment on pregnant rats exposed to formaldehyde: Reversal of immunosuppression in the offspring

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ibrahim, Beatriz Silva; Barioni, Éric Diego; Helua

Inhalation of formaldehyde (FA) during the pregnancy induces oxidative stress in the uterus, and here we hypothesized that this mechanism may be responsible for the impaired immune response detected in the offspring. In order to investigate the protective effects of Vitamin C on the oxidative stress induced by FA in the uterine microenvironment, pregnant Wistar rats were treated with vitamin C (150 mg/kg, gavage) or vehicle (distilled water, gavage) 1 h before FA exposure (0.92 mg/m{sup 3}, 1 h/day, 5 days/week), for 21 days, and the 30 days old offspring were submitted to LPS injection (Salmonella abortus equi, 5 mg/kg,more » i.p.). The enhanced gene expression of iNOS, COX-1 and COX-2 and decreased gene expression of SOD-2 in the uterus of FA exposed mothers was rescued by Vit C treatment. Moreover, vitamin C rescued the impaired immune response elicited by LPS in the offspring from FA exposed mothers, by increasing the number of blood and bone marrow leukocytes, and augmenting gene expression of IL-6 and reducing mRNA levels of IL-10 and IFN in the lungs. Vitamin C treatment did not rescue the impaired TLR4-NF-kB pathway in the lung of the offspring, suggesting that FA-induced uterine oxidative stress affects other inflammatory pathways activated by LPS in the offspring. Together, data obtained here confirm our hypothesis that FA-induced oxidative stress in the uterine microenvironment modifies the programming mechanisms of the immune defenses of offspring, leading to an impaired host defense. - Highlights: • FA exposure during pregnancy induces oxidative stress in the uterus. • Vitamin C treatment blunted the oxidative stress in uterus induced by FA exposure. • Oxidative stress in uterus after FA exposure impairs the immune response of offspring. • Vitamin C in pregnant rats rescued the impaired immune response in the offspring.« less

A randomized prospective trial of the postoperative quality of life between laparoscopic uterine artery ligation and laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids: clinical trial design

PubMed Central

Kim, Hee Seung; Kim, Jae Weon; Kim, Mi-Kyung; Chung, Hyun Hoon; Lee, Taek Sang; Jeon, Yong-Tark; Kim, Yong Beom; Jeon, Hye Won; Yun, Young Ho; Park, Noh Hyun; Song, Yong Sang; Kang, Soon-Beom

2009-01-01

Background Laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy is one of the definite methods for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids with lesser intraoperative bleeding and shorter hospitalization compared with abdominal hysterectomy. However, laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy cannot preserve uterus and can show postoperative complications by the change of pelvic structure. Thus, laparoscopic uterine artery ligation has been introduced for relieving the symptoms caused by uterine fibroids in place of hysterectomy. The current study was designed to compare postoperative quality of life between laparoscopic uterine artery ligation and laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy, and to evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic uterine artery ligation which can treat symptomatic uterine fibroids with the preservation of uterus. Methods and design Patients enrolled the current study are randomized to laparoscopic uterine artery ligation or laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy. The primary outcome is to compare postoperative quality of life between laparoscopic uterine artery ligation and laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire for Cancer patients version 3.0. Secondary outcomes are to evaluate the volume reduction of uterus, uterine fibroids and ovaries by the 2 treatments, to compare the improvement of subjective symptoms using 11-point symptom score and postoperative clinical outcomes between laparoscopic uterine artery ligation and laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy, and to investigate the improvement of postoperative vaginal bleeding by laparoscopic uterine artery ligation. Discussion Among treatment methods for symptomatic uterine fibroids with the preservation of uterus, laparoscopic uterine artery ligation is expected to have the efficacy like uterine artery embolization, which appeared to be safe for routine use with symptomatic relief. The

The estrogenic effects of apigenin, phloretin and myricetin based on uterotrophic assay in immature Wistar albino rats.

PubMed

Barlas, Nurhayat; Özer, Saadet; Karabulut, Gözde

2014-04-07

Chemicals that occur in vegetal food and known as phytoestrogens, because of their structures similarity to estrogen, have benefits on chronic diseases. Despite this, when they are taken at high amounts, they can cause harmful effects on endocrine system of human and animals. In this study, it has been intended to determine the estrogenic potencies of phytoestrogens apigenin, phloretin and myricetin whose affinities for estrogen receptors in vitro. The female rats divided into 17 groups, each containing six rats. There was a negative control group and there were positive control dose groups which contains ethinyl estradiol, ethinyl estradiol+tamoxifen and genistein. The other dose groups which were tested for estrogenic activity contains apigenin, myricetin and phloretin All chemicals have been given to Wistar immature female rats with oral gavage for 3 consecutive days. By using uterotrophic analysis, uterus wet and blotted weights, vaginal opening, uterus length of female rats has been recorded at the end of the experiment. For detect of cell response, luminal epithelium height, gland number and lactoferrin intensity in luminal epithelium of uterus were evaluated. Biochemical analysises in blood were performed. Relative uterus weights of rats in 100 mg/kg/day dose group of myricetin were statistically increased according to vehicle control and positive control groups. In dose groups of apigenin and phloretin it was found that there were cell responses in uterus. All treatment groups had a significant difference in the high intensity of lactoferrin and uterine gland count compared to oil control group. There was no difference between phloretin and apigenin treatment groups in uterine weight statictically. Uterine heights were increased in positive control groups and 100 mg/kg/day dose group of myricetin. Epithelial cell heights were increased in treatment groups except apigenin and phloretin dose groups. There was no difference between all treatment groups in

Tachykinins and tachykinin receptors in human uterus

PubMed Central

Patak, Eva; Luz Candenas, M; Pennefather, Jocelyn N; Ziccone, Sebastian; Lilley, Alison; Martín, Julio D; Flores, Carlos; Mantecón, Antonio G; Story, Margot E; Pinto, Francisco M

2003-01-01

Studies were undertaken to determine the nature of the receptors mediating contractile effects of tachykinins in the uteri of nonpregnant women, and to analyse the expression of preprotachykinins (PPT), tachykinin receptors and the cell-surface peptidase, neprilysin (NEP), in the myometrium from pregnant and nonpregnant women. The neurokinin B (NKB) precursor PPT-B was expressed in higher levels in the myometrium from nonpregnant than from pregnant women. Faint expression of PPT-A mRNA was detectable in the myometrium from nonpregnant but not pregnant women. PPT-C, the gene encoding the novel tachykinin peptide hemokinin-1 (HK-1), was present in trace amounts in the uteri from both pregnant and nonpregnant women. Tachykinin NK2 receptors were more strongly expressed in tissues from nonpregnant than from pregnant women. NK1 receptor mRNA was present in low levels in tissues from both pregnant and nonpregnant women. A low abundance transcript corresponding to the NK3 receptor was present only in tissues from nonpregnant women. The mRNA expression of the tachykinin-degrading enzyme NEP was lower in tissues from nonpregnant than from pregnant women. Substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and NKB, in the presence of the peptidase inhibitors thiorphan, captopril and bestatin, produced contractions of myometrium from nonpregnant women. The order of potency was NKA≫SP≥NKB. The potency of NKA was unchanged in the absence of peptidase inhibitors. The tachykinin NK2 receptor-selective agonist [Lys5MeLeu9Nle10]NKA(4–l0) was approximately equipotent with NKA, but the tachykinin NK1 and NK3 receptor-selective agonists [Sar9Met(O2)11]SP and [MePhe7]NKB were ineffective in the myometrium from nonpregnant women. The uterotonic effects of [Lys5MeLeu9Nle10]NKA(4–10) were antagonized by the tachykinin NK2 receptor-selective antagonist SR48968. Neither atropine, nor phentolamine nor tetrodotoxin affected responses to [Lys5MeLeu9Nle10]NKA(4–10). These data are consistent with a role of tachykinins in the regulation of human uterine function, and reinforce the importance of NK2 receptors in the regulation of myometrial contraction. PMID:12788812

Post-mating inflammatory responses of the uterus.

PubMed

Katila, T

2012-08-01

This review attempts to summarize the current knowledge on uterine inflammatory response after mating in horses, pigs and cattle. Post-mating endometritis has been extensively studied in horses as it has been considered to cause infertility. The inflammation is known to occur also in cattle, but it has not been investigated to a similar extent. There are a number of publications about mechanisms of post-mating uterine inflammation in pigs, which seem to resemble those in horses. The major focus of this review is the horse, but relevant literature is presented also on swine and cattle. Spermatozoa, seminal plasma and semen extenders play roles in the induction of inflammation. In addition, sperm numbers, concentration and viability, as well as the site of semen deposition may modulate the inflammatory response. Cytokines, polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) and mononuclear cells represent the uterine inflammatory response to mating. Inflammation is the first line of defence against invasion and eliminates excess spermatozoa and bacteria. Semen deposition elicits a massive PMN invasion, followed by phagocytosis of sperm aided by the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Exposure of the female genital tract to semen is important also for endometrial receptivity and pre-implantation embryo development. Seminal plasma (SP) and inflammation elicit transient immune tolerance to antigens present in semen. SP contains immune-regulatory molecules that activate and control immune responses to antigens by stimulating expression of cytokines and growth factors and by initiating tissue remodelling. SP also regulates ovarian function. Effective elimination of excess sperm and inflammatory by-products and subsequent rapid return of the endometrium to the normal state is a prerequisite for pregnancy. Uterine backflow, driven by myometrial contractions and requiring a patent cervix, is an important physical tool in uterine drainage. © 2012 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Tachykinins and tachykinin receptors in human uterus.

PubMed

Patak, Eva; Candenas, M Luz; Pennefather, Jocelyn N; Ziccone, Sebastian; Lilley, Alison; Martín, Julio D; Flores, Carlos; Mantecón, Antonio G; Story, Margot E; Pinto, Francisco M

2003-06-01

(1) Studies were undertaken to determine the nature of the receptors mediating contractile effects of tachykinins in the uteri of nonpregnant women, and to analyse the expression of preprotachykinins (PPT), tachykinin receptors and the cell-surface peptidase, neprilysin (NEP), in the myometrium from pregnant and nonpregnant women. (2) The neurokinin B (NKB) precursor PPT-B was expressed in higher levels in the myometrium from nonpregnant than from pregnant women. Faint expression of PPT-A mRNA was detectable in the myometrium from nonpregnant but not pregnant women. PPT-C, the gene encoding the novel tachykinin peptide hemokinin-1 (HK-1), was present in trace amounts in the uteri from both pregnant and nonpregnant women. (3) Tachykinin NK(2) receptors were more strongly expressed in tissues from nonpregnant than from pregnant women. NK(1) receptor mRNA was present in low levels in tissues from both pregnant and nonpregnant women. A low abundance transcript corresponding to the NK(3) receptor was present only in tissues from nonpregnant women. (4) The mRNA expression of the tachykinin-degrading enzyme NEP was lower in tissues from nonpregnant than from pregnant women. (5) Substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and NKB, in the presence of the peptidase inhibitors thiorphan, captopril and bestatin, produced contractions of myometrium from nonpregnant women. The order of potency was NKA>SP>/=NKB. The potency of NKA was unchanged in the absence of peptidase inhibitors. (6) The tachykinin NK(2) receptor-selective agonist [Lys(5)MeLeu(9)Nle(10)]NKA(4-l0) was approximately equipotent with NKA, but the tachykinin NK(1) and NK(3) receptor-selective agonists [Sar(9)Met(O(2))(11)]SP and [MePhe(7)]NKB were ineffective in the myometrium from nonpregnant women. (7) The uterotonic effects of [Lys(5)MeLeu(9)Nle(10)]NKA(4-10) were antagonized by the tachykinin NK(2) receptor-selective antagonist SR48968. Neither atropine, nor phentolamine nor tetrodotoxin affected responses to [Lys(5)MeLeu(9)Nle(10)]NKA(4-10). (8) These data are consistent with a role of tachykinins in the regulation of human uterine function, and reinforce the importance of NK(2) receptors in the regulation of myometrial contraction.

Incidental Finding of Metastatic Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma at Uterine Leiomyoma, A Thai University Hospital Experience: A Case Report.

PubMed

Chanthasenanont, Athita; Nantakomon, Tongta; Kintarak, Jutatip; Vithisuvanakul, Nophadol; Pongrojpaw, Densak; Suwannarurk, Komsun

2015-04-01

Metastatic malignant melanomas to the uterus are extremely rare; to our knowledge, no more than 13 cases have been reported to date. A 44-years-old multigravida woman presented with a black and irregular surface mass at medial aspect of left thigh. There was also an enlarged left groin node. Wide excision with lymph node dissection revealed malignant melanoma. Further examination found a huge pelvic mass with left deep vein thrombosis consequent by pressure effect. Chest and complete abdominal computed tomography revealed an enlarged, fibroid uterus with pressure effect at left common iliac vein. A total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy were performed. Intra-operative finding was scattered hyperpigment spots at surface of the uterus and its tumor Histopathological report showed metastatic malignant melanoma involving myometrium and uterine serosa. Diagnosis of stage IV malignant melanoma (uterine metastasis) was achieved. The patient was counseled about her diagnosis, stage, prognosis and further treatment. Uterine metastatic malignant melanoma was a rare condition. This report represents the first case of a cutaneous malignant melanoma involving a uterine leiomyoma in Thailand.

Uterine involution: its role in regulating postpartum intervals.

PubMed

Kiracofe, G H

1980-01-01

An involuting uterus is a temporary barrier to fertility in cows, ewes and sows. Parturition is followed by a period when conception is not possible: about 1 week in sows and about 3 weeks in cows and ewes. Estrus and ovulation seldom occur together during this period and, if fertilization occurred and the embryo reached the uterus, placentation would be virtually impossible. The period of no fertility is followed by 2 to 3 weeks when fertility is possible, but not optimal. The extent to which the involuting uterus contributes to infertility during the second period is difficult to determine. Embryonic mortality in sows bred during this latter period appears to be a major cause of reduced litter size, so changes in uterine environment associated with involution may be essential for optimum fertility. Conception rate is lower up to 40 days after parturition than later in cows and ewes. Uterine involution appears not to be a barrier to fertility after 3 to 4 weeks postpartum in sows or 5 to 6 weeks postpartum in cows and ewes unless delayed by inflammation or infection.

Obstructed uteri with a cervix and vagina.

PubMed

Wright, Kelly Nicole; Okpala, Ogochukwu; Laufer, Marc R

2011-01-01

To describe a rare anomaly of the female reproductive tract and review the embryology associated with the defect. Case report and review of the literature. Major academic medical center. A 14-year-old girl with two hemiuteri lacking any communication with a single normal midline cervix and vagina. Diagnostic laparoscopy with chromopertubation to identify the anomaly and subsequent bilateral supracervical hemihysterectomies. Incidence, pathogenesis, fertility implications, and treatment options for patients with congenital defects in the upper vagina, cervix, and uterus. Based on classic embryology, the lower vagina forms from the urogenital sinus while the upper vagina, cervix, and uterus form from the müllerian ducts. If a cervix is present, then the upper vagina and uterus are also usually present and should communicate. This anomaly cannot be fully explained by traditional embryologic developmental theory. It is likely that an insult occurred between 9 weeks, when the uterovaginal canal is formed, and 12 weeks, when the müllerian ducts fuse. Copyright © 2011 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Culture of bovine embryos in deproteinized hemodialysate-supplemented media and immature mouse uterine horns.

PubMed

Thuemmel, A E; Gwazdauskas, F C; Canseco, R S; Pearson, R E; Jochle, W

1991-06-01

Bovine morulae (d 6) were used to evaluate embryonic development in a deproteinized hemodialysate, agar embedding, and in the uterus of the immature mouse. Agar-embedded embryos were cultured in Ham's F-10 and 10% steer serum either (treatment 1) immediately after collection or (treatment 2) 24 h after storage in the uterus of the immature mouse. Unembedded embryos were cultured in Ham's F-10 containing (treatment 3) 10% steer serum, (treatment 4) 1% deproteinized hemodialysate CLB1107, or (treatment 5) 1% de-proteinized hemodialysate CLB1107 and 10% steer serum. A greater percentage of the embryos reached the hatched blastocyst stage after culture in treatments 1, 3, 4, and 5 (38.1, 34.6, 28.6, and 21.1%) than in treatment 2 (9.5%) in which embryos were stored in the immature mouse uterus for 24 h prior to in vitro culture. Final development scores for unembedded and agar-embedded embryos cultured in Ham's F-10 (5.5 +/- .3) and 10% steer serum (4.9 +/- .4) were similar and higher than those of embryos cultured in deproteinized hemodialysate CLB1107 (4.2 +/- .4), deproteinized hemodialysate CLB1107 and steer serum (4.2 +/- .4), or immature mouse uteri (3.4 +/- .4). It is concluded that deproteinized hemodialysate supplementation at 1% (vol/vol) failed to enhance embryonic development in vitro. Moreover, bovine morulae were unaffected by agar embedding and were able to develop to a limited extent following short-term storage in the uterus of the immature mouse.

Uterine fibroids with positive 18F-FDG PET/CT image and significantly increased CA19-9: A case report.

PubMed

Ma, Yan; Shao, Xiaonan

2017-12-01

Uterine fibroids are the most common pelvic solid tumors and common to 25% of women. F-fluorodexyglucose (F-FDG) is an energy metabolism tracer. Although FDG is generally concentrated in malignant lesions with high glucose metabolism, it can also accumulate in normal tissues, benign lesions, and inflammatory sites. The exact mechanism of FDG uptake by uterine fibroids is not clear. Here, we report a case of uterine fibroids with positive F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging and significantly increased CA19-9. The patient was a 43-year-old woman and admitted to our hospital because of "1-year-extended menstrual periods." At admission, she had normal CA125, AFP, and CEA level and CA19-9>1000.00 U/mL. Gynecological transvaginal ultrasound found enlarged uterus with an anterior hypoechoic area of 3.9 × 4.2 cm. CT and contrast-enhanced CT showed significantly enhanced mass shadow on the left anterior wall of uterus. F-FDG PET/CT showed increased FDG metabolism of tumor in the anterior wall of the uterus. Laparoscopic hysterectomy was performed. Pathological examination demonstrated subserosal leiomyoma. Her CA19-9 level dropped to 91.50 U/mL 1 day after surgery. Significantly elevated CA19-9 was positioned in the uterus by PET/CT imaging, which not only avoided unnecessary gastrointestinal endoscopy and reduced the suffering of patients, but also strengthened the operation confidence in gynecologists. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Measurement of C-reactive protein and prostaglandin F2α metabolite concentrations in differentiation of canine pyometra and cystic endometrial hyperplasia/mucometra.

PubMed

Enginler, S O; Ateş, A; Diren Sığırcı, B; Sontaş, B H; Sönmez, K; Karaçam, E; Ekici, H; Evkuran Dal, G; Gürel, A

2014-08-01

Canine pyometra is a dioestrus period disease in which systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a common outcome due to the response of the body to the bacterial infection. The purpose of this study was i) to differentiate canine pyometra and cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)/mucometra by measuring serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and prostaglandin F2α metabolite (PGFM) concentrations in blood and ii) to compare serum concentrations of CRP and PGFM in bitches with a pathological uterus (pyometra or CEH/mucometra) to concentrations in bitches with a healthy uterus. Mean CRP concentrations were found significantly higher (p < 0.001) in dogs with pyometra compared to those with CEH/mucometra or healthy uterus. However, no statistical difference could be detected between the groups for mean PGFM concentrations. Mean white blood cell count (WBC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total protein concentrations were found significantly higher (p < 0.001) in dogs with pyometra. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated microorganism from dogs with pyometra (64.3%). Edwardsiella spp. was detected in a single case of pyometra for the first time. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that serum CRP concentrations were increased in dogs with pyometra and thus we conclude that serum CRP concentration but not PGFM might be useful as a marker to differentiate a case of CEH/mucometra from pyometra in female dogs. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report in which Edwardsiella spp. has been isolated in the canine uterus. © 2014 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Uterine Gene Expression in the Live-Bearing Lizard, Chalcides ocellatus, Reveals Convergence of Squamate Reptile and Mammalian Pregnancy Mechanisms

PubMed Central

Brandley, Matthew C.; Young, Rebecca L.; Warren, Dan L.; Thompson, Michael B.; Wagner, Günter P.

2012-01-01

Although the morphological and physiological changes involved in pregnancy in live-bearing reptiles are well studied, the genetic mechanisms that underlie these changes are not known. We used the viviparous African Ocellated Skink, Chalcides ocellatus, as a model to identify a near complete gene expression profile associated with pregnancy using RNA-Seq analyses of uterine transcriptomes. Pregnancy in C. ocellatus is associated with upregulation of uterine genes involved with metabolism, cell proliferation and death, and cellular transport. Moreover, there are clear parallels between the genetic processes associated with pregnancy in mammals and Chalcides in expression of genes related to tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, immune system regulation, and nutrient provisioning to the embryo. In particular, the pregnant uterine transcriptome is dominated by expression of proteolytic enzymes that we speculate are involved both with remodeling the chorioallantoic placenta and histotrophy in the omphaloplacenta. Elements of the maternal innate immune system are downregulated in the pregnant uterus, indicating a potential mechanism to avoid rejection of the embryo. We found a downregulation of major histocompatability complex loci and estrogen and progesterone receptors in the pregnant uterus. This pattern is similar to mammals but cannot be explained by the mammalian model. The latter finding provides evidence that pregnancy is controlled by different endocrinological mechanisms in mammals and reptiles. Finally, 88% of the identified genes are expressed in both the pregnant and the nonpregnant uterus, and thus, morphological and physiological changes associated with C. ocellatus pregnancy are likely a result of regulation of genes continually expressed in the uterus rather than the initiation of expression of unique genes. PMID:22333490

Occurrence of Leishmania infantum and associated histological alterations in the genital tract and mammary glands of naturally infected dogs.

PubMed

Boechat, Viviane Cardoso; Mendes Junior, Artur Augusto Velho; Madeira, Maria de Fátima; Ferreira, Luiz Claudio; Figueiredo, Fabiano Borges; Rodrigues, Francisco das Chagas de Carvalho; Oliveira, Valéria da Costa; de Oliveira, Raquel de Vasconcellos Carvalhaes; Menezes, Rodrigo Caldas

2016-06-01

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the occurrence of Leishmania infantum in the male and female genital tract and female mammary glands of dogs and the parasite burden and to identify histological alterations associated with this protozoan. Twenty male and 20 female Leishmania-seropositive dogs with isolation of L. infantum were examined. Tissue samples of the prepuce, glans, epididymis, testes, prostate, vulva, vagina, uterus, uterine tubes, and mammary glands were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and histopathology. For parasitological culture and in situ hybridization, samples were collected from the testis, epididymis, and uterus. Additionally, seminal fluid was aspirated from the epididymis for parasitological culture. In the genital tract, 34 (85 %) dogs, including 18 males and 16 females, were positive for Leishmania. Of these, 27 (79 %) animals were symptomatic. Leishmania was detected in the mammary glands of 13 (65 %) females. L. infantum was isolated for the first time from the seminal fluid and uterus of naturally infected dogs. The parasite burden and intensity of the inflammatory reaction were greater in the prepuce and glans of males and in the vulva and mammary glands of females. In addition to inflammation, testicular degeneration, atrophy, absence of spermatogenesis, and necrosis were observed. Detection of amastigote forms in the mammary gland lumen indicates possible elimination of this parasite in milk. The frequent parasitism observed in the genital tract of infected males and females and the viability of L. infantum in seminal fluid and uterus suggest the possibility of bidirectional venereal and vertical transmission.

The role of resveratrol on full - Thickness uterine wound healing in rats.

PubMed

Sayin, Oya; Micili, Serap Cilaker; Goker, Asli; Kamaci, Gonca; Ergur, Bekir Ugur; Yilmaz, Osman; Guner Akdogan, Gul

2017-10-01

Healing of the uterus after cesarean section and myomectomy operation is clinically important. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of resveratrol (3,5,4'-o-trihydroxystilbene) on the wound healing process of the uterus in rats treated with resveratrol following full thickness injury of the uterus. Twenty-one female wistar albino rats were divided randomly into three groups (1) control group with no intervention (2) injury group with uterine full thickness injury (3) resveratrol group with uterine full thickness injury and treated with resveratrol. Resveratrol was injected by oral gavage at the doses of 0.5 mg/kg/day for 30 days following uterine full thickness injury. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) distributions were assessed using the immunohistochemical methods in tissue and ELISA methods in the tissue homogenate. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were evaluated with colorimetric method and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels also were measured using high performance liquid chromatography in the tissue homogenate. The effects of resveratrol on the uterine histology also were evaluated histologically with the light microscopy. Histological evaluation and immunohistochemical evaluations showed that treatment with a resveratrol significantly increased the thickness of the uterine wall and VEGF expression and decreased expression PDGF during wound healing. Biochemically, GPx and SOD activities were increased significantly after treatment with resveratrol. Additionally, resveratrol administration decreased MDA levels. These results showed that the antioxidant effects of resveratrol has been shown to have a positive influence on wound healing of the uterus. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Factors controlling sperm migration through the oviduct revealed by gene-modified mouse models

PubMed Central

Fujihara, Yoshitaka; Miyata, Haruhiko; Ikawa, Masahito

2018-01-01

Mammalian fertilization is comprised of many steps including sperm survival in the uterus, sperm migration in the female reproductive tract, physiological and morphological changes to the spermatozoa, and sperm-egg interaction in the oviduct. In vitro studies have revealed essential factors for these fertilization steps for over half a century. However, the molecular mechanism of fertilization has recently been revised by the emergence of genetically modified animals. Here, we focus on essential factors for sperm fertilizing ability and describe recent advances in our knowledge of the mechanisms of mammalian fertilization, especially of sperm migration from the uterus into the oviduct. PMID:29353867

Co-existence of Endometriotic Cyst of the Ovary and Arias-Stella Reaction in a Non-Pregnant Woman: Report of a Rare Case.

PubMed

Harikrishnan, Volga; Esaki, Muthuvel; Srinivasan, Chitra; Arockiasamy, Parimala; Ethirajan, Shanthi

2016-03-01

Endometriosis is defined as presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. It can occur anywhere in the ovary. In the ovary it is usually presented as cyst, termed as endometriotic cyst or Chocolate cyst. Arias-Stella reaction is usually seen in gestational endometrium or in ectopic gestation site and rarely in non-pregnant uterus with hormonal intake. Co-existence of endometriosis and Arias-Stella reaction is very rare. We present a very rare case of endometriotic cyst of the ovary exhibiting Arias -Stella reaction which was seen in of non pregnant patient without any history of hormonal intake.

An EAV-HP Insertion in 5′ Flanking Region of SLCO1B3 Causes Blue Eggshell in the Chicken

PubMed Central

Yang, Xiaolin; Li, Guangqi; Zhang, Yuanyuan; Li, Junying; Wang, Xiaotong; Bai, Jirong; Xu, Guiyun; Deng, Xuemei; Yang, Ning; Wu, Changxin

2013-01-01

The genetic determination of eggshell coloration has not been determined in birds. Here we report that the blue eggshell is caused by an EAV-HP insertion that promotes the expression of SLCO1B3 gene in the uterus (shell gland) of the oviduct in chicken. In this study, the genetic map location of the blue eggshell gene was refined by linkage analysis in an F2 chicken population, and four candidate genes within the refined interval were subsequently tested for their expression levels in the shell gland of the uterus from blue-shelled and non-blue-shelled hens. SLCO1B3 gene was found to be the only one expressed in the uterus of blue-shelled hens but not in that of non-blue-shelled hens. Results from a pyrosequencing analysis showed that only the allele of SLCO1B3 from blue-shelled chickens was expressed in the uterus of heterozygous hens (O*LC/O*N). SLCO1B3 gene belongs to the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) family; and the OATPs, functioning as membrane transporters, have been reported for the transportation of amphipathic organic compounds, including bile salt in mammals. We subsequently resequenced the whole genomic region of SLCO1B3 and discovered an EAV-HP insertion in the 5′ flanking region of SLCO1B3. The EAV-HP insertion was found closely associated with blue eggshell phenotype following complete Mendelian segregation. In situ hybridization also demonstrated that the blue eggshell is associated with ectopic expression of SLCO1B3 in shell glands of uterus. Our finding strongly suggests that the EAV-HP insertion is the causative mutation for the blue eggshell phenotype. The insertion was also found in another Chinese blue-shelled breed and an American blue-shelled breed. In addition, we found that the insertion site in the blue-shelled chickens from Araucana is different from that in Chinese breeds, which implied independent integration events in the blue-shelled chickens from the two continents, providing a parallel evolutionary example at the

Improve definition of titanium tandems in MR-guided high dose rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer using proton density weighted MRI

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background For cervical cancer patients treated with MR-guided high dose rate brachytherapy, the accuracy of radiation delivery depends on accurate localization of both tumors and the applicator, e.g. tandem and ovoid. Standard T2-weighted (T2W) MRI has good tumor-tissue contrast. However, it suffers from poor uterus-tandem contrast, which makes the tandem delineation very challenging. In this study, we evaluated the possibility of using proton density weighted (PDW) MRI to improve the definition of titanium tandems. Methods Both T2W and PDW MRI images were obtained from each cervical cancer patient. Imaging parameters were kept the same between the T2W and PDW sequences for each patient except the echo time (90 ms for T2W and 5.5 ms for PDW) and the slice thickness (0.5 cm for T2W and 0.25 cm for PDW). Uterus-tandem contrast was calculated by the equation C = (Su-St)/Su, where Su and St represented the average signal in the uterus and the tandem, respectively. The diameter of the tandem was measured 1.5 cm away from the tip of the tandem. The tandem was segmented by the histogram thresholding technique. Results PDW MRI could significantly improve the uterus-tandem contrast compared to T2W MRI (0.42±0.24 for T2W MRI, 0.77±0.14 for PDW MRI, p=0.0002). The average difference between the measured and physical diameters of the tandem was reduced from 0.20±0.15 cm by using T2W MRI to 0.10±0.11 cm by using PDW MRI (p=0.0003). The tandem segmented from the PDW image looked more uniform and complete compared to that from the T2W image. Conclusions Compared to the standard T2W MRI, PDW MRI has better uterus-tandem contrast. The information provided by PDW MRI is complementary to those provided by T2W MRI. Therefore, we recommend adding PDW MRI to the simulation protocol to assist tandem delineation process for cervical cancer patients. PMID:23327682

[MR Imaging of the pelvis in the diagnosis of the endometrium in breast cancer patients in tamoxifen therapy].

PubMed

Hauth, E; Libera, H; Kimmig, R; Forsting, M

2006-03-01

The purpose of the study was to determine the value of MR imaging of the pelvis in the diagnostic work-up of the endometrium in breast cancer patients in tamoxifen therapy. MR imaging of the pelvis was performed on 24 patients (mean: 62 years, range: 51 - 74 years) and 30 healthy women (mean: 65 years, range: 51 - 73 years). The volume of the uterus and cervix and the maximal thickness of the endometrium, junctional zone and myometrium of the uterus were determined and compared to the confidence interval of the parameters in healthy women. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to identify differences in the volume of the uterus and cervix and in the thickness of the uterine wall layers in both groups. A comparison of the volume of the uterus and cervix and the thickness of the uterine wall layers in the two groups yielded no significant differences. The volume of the uterus and cervix showed no statistical differences between the two groups. The maximal height of the endometrium in the patient group showed a mean of 0.6 cm (range: 0.1 - 2.2 cm), and a mean of 0.4 cm (range: 0.1 - 1.2 cm) in the group of healthy women. The differences were not statistically significant. In all healthy women the endometrium showed homogeneous signal intensity in the sagittal T2-weighted images. In 12 of the 24 breast cancer patients, the endometrium showed inhomogeneous signal intensity. In 9 of 12 patients with an inhomogeneous endometrium with a thickness equal to or greater than 0.6 cm, histopathology confirmed polyps. In 3 patients endometrium hyperplasia was found. In one patient histopathology revealed a polyp and an endometrium carcinoma in stage T1 a N0. The endometrium carcinoma was not able to be seen via MR imaging. MR imaging might be helpful in the diagnosis of endometrium pathologies during tamoxifen therapy. Therefore, MR imaging of the pelvis could be used as a diagnostic tool in the follow-up diagnosis of the endometrium in breast cancer patients in tamoxifen therapy.

Myometrial cavernous hemangioma with pulmonary thromboembolism in a post-partum woman: a case report and review of the literature.

PubMed

Bhavsar, Tapan; Wurzel, John; Duker, Nahum

2012-11-23

Cavernous hemangiomas of the uterus are rare benign vascular lesions. Nine cases of diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the gravid uterus have been reported, most of which diffusely involved the myometrium. These vascular malformations are clinically significant, and may cause pronounced bleeding resulting in maternal or fetal demise. Thrombosis of cavernous hemangiomas of the uterus has been previously reported. We here report the first case in which a thrombosed cavernous hemangioma of the myometrium resulted in a fatal pulmonary embolism in a post-partum woman. A 25-year-old obese African-American woman who had one pregnancy and was delivered of twins by cesarean section was admitted 1 week after the successful delivery. The 12-day clinical course included ventilator-dependent respiratory failure, systemic hypertension, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the sputum, leukocytosis and asystole. A transabdominal ultrasound examination showed heterogeneous thickened and irregular products in the endometrial canal. The laboratory values were relevant for an increased prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, ferritin and a decrease in hemoglobin. The clinical cause of death was cited as acute respiratory distress syndrome. At autopsy, a 400g spongy, hemorrhagic uterus with multiple cystic spaces measuring approximately 0.5 × 0.4cm filled with thrombi within the myometrium was identified. Immunohistological examination with a CD31 stain for vascular endothelium associated antigen confirmed several endothelium-lined vessels, some of which contained thrombi. These histological features were consistent with cavernous hemangioma of the myometrium. A histological examination of the lungs revealed multiple fresh thromboemboli in small- and medium-sized pulmonary arteries in the right upper and lower lobes without organization, but with adjacent areas of fresh hemorrhagic infarction. This case underscores the importance of a high index of suspicion in

Description of cervical cancer mortality in Belgium using Bayesian age-period-cohort models

PubMed Central

2009-01-01

Objective To correct cervical cancer mortality rates for death cause certification problems in Belgium and to describe the corrected trends (1954-1997) using Bayesian models. Method Cervical cancer (cervix uteri (CVX), corpus uteri (CRP), not otherwise specified (NOS) uterus cancer and other very rare uterus cancer (OTH) mortality data were extracted from the WHO mortality database together with population data for Belgium and the Netherlands. Different ICD (International Classification of Diseases) were used over time for death cause certification. In the Netherlands, the proportion of not-otherwise specified uterine cancer deaths was small over large periods and therefore internal reallocation could be used to estimate the corrected rates cervical cancer mortality. In Belgium, the proportion of improperly defined uterus deaths was high. Therefore, the age-specific proportions of uterus cancer deaths that are probably of cervical origin for the Netherlands was applied to Belgian uterus cancer deaths to estimate the corrected number of cervix cancer deaths (corCVX). A Bayesian loglinear Poisson-regression model was performed to disentangle the separate effects of age, period and cohort. Results The corrected age standardized mortality rate (ASMR) decreased regularly from 9.2/100 000 in the mid 1950s to 2.5/100,000 in the late 1990s. Inclusion of age, period and cohort into the models were required to obtain an adequate fit. Cervical cancer mortality increases with age, declines over calendar period and varied irregularly by cohort. Conclusion Mortality increased with ageing and declined over time in most age-groups, but varied irregularly by birth cohort. In global, with some discrete exceptions, mortality decreased for successive generations up to the cohorts born in the 1930s. This decline stopped for cohorts born in the 1940s and thereafter. For the youngest cohorts, even a tendency of increasing risk of dying from cervical cancer could be observed, reflecting

Placentation in the eastern water skink (Eulamprus quoyii): a placentome-like structure in a lecithotrophic lizard.

PubMed

Murphy, Bridget F; Parker, Scott L; Murphy, Christopher R; Thompson, Michael B

2011-06-01

The eastern water skink (Eulamprus quoyii) has lecithotrophic embryos and was previously described as having a simple Type I chorioallantoic placenta. Indeed, it was the species upon which the definition of a Type I placenta was thought to be based, although we had cause to question that assumption. Hence we have described the morphology of the uterus of E. quoyii and found it to be more complex than previously supposed. The mesometrial pole of the uterus in E. quoyii displays a vessel-dense elliptical structure (the VDE) with columnar uterine epithelial cells. As pregnancy proceeds, the uterine epithelium near the mesometrial pole becomes folded and glands become hypertrophied, so that the morphology of VDE resembles that of a placentome, characteristic of Type III placentae. Unlike species with a Type III placenta, the apposing chorioallantoic membrane of E. quoyii is lined with squamous cells and interdigitates with the folded uterine epithelium. The remainder of the uterus is thin with a squamous uterine epithelium throughout pregnancy. Immunohistochemical localisation of blood vessels reveals a dense network of small capillaries directly beneath the folded epithelium of the VDE, while blood vessels are larger and sparser at the abembryonic pole of the uterus. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity is present in the uterine epithelium and sub-epithelial blood vessels in newly ovulated females. AP activity disappears from the epithelium between stages 27 and 29 of embryonic development and from the blood vessels after stage 34, but appears in the uterine glands at stage 35, where it remains until the end of pregnancy. Although the VDE is structurally similar to the placentomes found in other viviparous lizards, different distributions of AP activity in the uterus of E. quoyii and Pseudemoia spenceri suggest that the VDE may be functionally different from the placentome of the latter species. Our description of uterine morphology in E. quoyii provides evidence

Digoxin use and the risk of cancers of the corpus uteri, ovary and cervix.

PubMed

Biggar, Robert J; Wohlfahrt, Jan; Melbye, Mads

2012-08-01

Digoxin is a phyto-estrogen capable of inducing hormonal effects. Use has been associated with increased risk of breast cancer, an estrogen-sensitive malignancy. The incidence of corpus uteri (uterus) cancer is also strongly increased with exposure to estrogens. Therefore, we evaluated whether digoxin use might also increase its incidence. In all women in Denmark, we identified digoxin users from 1995 through 2008 using a nationwide pharmacy registry system. Cancer occurrence was obtained from Danish Cancer Registry. Relative risk was determined using incidence risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) relative to non-users after adjustment for age- and calendar-time. For ovarian and cervical cancers, RRs in users and non-users were similarly evaluated, these cancers representing gynecological cancers with weak or no associations to estrogen exposure. Of 2.1 million women, 104,648 (4.9%) had digoxin exposure and 137,493 6.5% had exposure to angina drugs but not digoxin during the study period. For uterus cancer, the RR was increased in current digoxin users (1.48, 95% CI: 1.32-1.65; N = 350). Incidence was marginally increased in former users. For ovary and cervix cancers, RRs in current digoxin users were 1.06 (95% CI: 0.92-1.22; N = 207) and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.79-1.25; N = 81), respectively. We examined risks in women using angina drugs but not digoxin to determine whether being under cardiac care affected risk. Among women using angina drugs only, RRs for uterus, ovary or cervix cancers were not statistically significant. We conclude that women currently using digoxin, a phyto-estrogen, have an increased risk of developing uterus cancers. Copyright © 2011 UICC.

Environmental Estrogens Differentially Engage the Histone Methyltransferase EZH2 to Increase Risk of Uterine Tumorigenesis

PubMed Central

Greathouse, K. Leigh; Bredfeldt, Tiffany; Everitt, Jeffrey I.; Lin, Kevin; Berry, Tia; Kannan, Kurunthachalam; Mittelstadt, Megan L.; Ho, Shuk-mei; Walker, Cheryl L.

2013-01-01

Environmental exposures during sensitive windows of development can reprogram normal physiological responses and alter disease susceptibility later in life in a process known as developmental reprogramming. For example, exposure to the xenoestrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) during reproductive tract development can reprogram estrogen-responsive gene expression in the myometrium, resulting in hyper-responsiveness to hormone in the adult uterus and promotion of hormone-dependent uterine leiomyoma. We show here that the environmental estrogens genistein (GEN), a soy phytoestrogen, and the plasticizer bisphenol A (BPA), differ in their pattern of developmental reprogramming and promotion of tumorigenesis (leiomyomas) in the uterus. While both GEN and BPA induce genomic estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in the developing uterus, only GEN induced PI3K/AKT non-genomic ER signaling to the histone methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). As a result, this “pre-genomic” signaling phosphorylates and represses EZH2, and reduces levels of H3K27 repressive mark in chromatin. Furthermore, only GEN caused estrogen-responsive genes in the adult myometrium to become hyper-responsive to hormone; estrogen-responsive genes were repressed in BPA exposed uteri. Importantly, this pattern of EZH2 engagement to decrease versus increase H3K27 methylation correlated with the effect of these xenoestrogens on tumorigenesis. Developmental reprogramming by GEN promoted development of uterine leiomyomas, increasing tumor incidence and multiplicity, while BPA did not. These data demonstrate that environmental estrogens have distinct non-genomic effects in the developing uterus that determines their ability to engage the epigenetic regulator EZH2, decrease levels of the repressive epigenetic histone H3K27 methyl mark in chromatin during developmental reprogramming, and promote uterine tumorigenesis. PMID:22504913

Alkaline phosphatases contribute to uterine receptivity, implantation, decidualization and defense against bacterial endotoxin in hamsters

PubMed Central

Lei, Wei; Nguyen, Heidi; Brown, Naoko; Ni, Hua; Kiffer-Moreira, Tina; Reese, Jeff; Millán, José Luis; Paria, Bibhash C.

2013-01-01

Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity has been demonstrated in the uterus of several species, but its importance in the uterus, in general and during pregnancy, is yet to be revealed. In this study, we focused on identifying AP isozyme types, and their hormonal regulation, cell-type and event-specific expression and possible functions in the hamster uterus during the cycle and early pregnancy. Our RT-PCR and in situ hybridization studies demonstrated that among the known Akp2, Akp3, Akp5 and Akp6 murine AP isozyme genes, hamster uteri express only Akp2 and Akp6; and both genes are co-expressed in luminal epithelial cells. Studies in cyclic and ovariectomized hamsters established that while progesterone is the major uterine Akp2 inducer, both progesterone and estrogen are strong Akp6 regulators. Studies in preimplantation uteri showed induction of both genes and the activity of their encoded isozymes in luminal epithelial cells during uterine receptivity. However, at the beginning of implantation, Akp2 showed reduced expression in luminal epithelial cells surrounding the implanted embryo. In contrast, expression of Akp6 and its isozyme was maintained in luminal epithelial cells adjacent to, but not away from, the implanted embryo. Following implantation, stromal transformation to decidua was associated with induced expressions of only Akp2 and its isozyme. We next demonstrated that uterine APs dephosphorylate and detoxify endotoxin lipopolysaccharide at their sites of production and activity. Taken together, our findings suggest that uterine APs contribute to uterine receptivity, implantation, and decidualization in addition to their role in protection of the uterus and pregnancy against bacterial infection. PMID:23929901

Clinical evaluation of postpartum vaginal mucus reflects uterine bacterial infection and the immune response in cattle.

PubMed

Williams, Erin J; Fischer, Deborah P; Pfeiffer, Dirk U; England, Gary C W; Noakes, David E; Dobson, Hilary; Sheldon, I Martin

2005-01-01

Bacteria contaminate the uterus of most dairy cattle after parturition and endometritis causes infertility. An endometritis score can be ascribed based on the vaginal mucus character and odour but it is not clear if the clinical score reflects the number of uterine bacteria or the inflammatory response. The present study tested the hypothesis that clinical evaluation of endometritis reflects the number of bacteria present in the uterus, and the acute phase protein response. Swabs (n = 328) were collected from the uterine lumen of dairy cattle, 21 and 28 days postpartum, vaginal mucus was scored for character and odour, and blood samples collected for acute phase protein measurement. Bacteria were identified following aerobic and anaerobic culture, and the bacterial growth density was scored semi-quantitatively. When bacteria were categorised by their expected pathogenic potential in the uterus, purulent or fetid odour vaginal mucus was associated with the growth density of pathogenic bacteria but not opportunist contaminants. When bacteria were analysed independently, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Proteus and Fusobacterium necrophorum growth densities were associated with mucopurulent or purulent vaginal mucus. The bacterial growth densities for A. pyogenes, Escherichia coli, non-hemolytic Streptococci, and Mannheimia haemolytica were associated with a fetid mucus odour. Peripheral plasma concentrations of alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein were higher if there was a fetid compared with a normal vaginal mucus odour (1.50 +/- 0.09 mg/mL versus 1.05 +/- 0.02 mg/mL, P < 0.001), but did not differ significantly between vaginal mucus character scores. The evaluation of the character and odour of vaginal mucus reflects the number of bacteria in the uterus, and the acute phase protein response.

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma diagnosed by FDG-PET/CT and endometrial biopsy.

PubMed

Takeoka, Yasunobu; Inaba, Akiko; Fujitani, Yotaro; Kosaka, Saori; Yamamura, Ryosuke; Senzaki, Hideto; Okamura, Terue; Ohta, Kensuke

2011-11-01

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by a proliferation of tumor cells within the lumina of small to medium-sized vessels. Because there are few or no concomitant solid lesions, a diagnosis of IVLBCL usually cannot be established by CT or MR imaging. Herein, we describe a case of IVLBCL involving the uterus, in which (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) was useful for diagnosis. A 47-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of fever and anemia. Laboratory examination demonstrated anemia and thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy showed hemophagocytosis without involvement of lymphoma cells. Random skin biopsy did not demonstrate lymphoma involvement. FDG-PET/CT imaging showed FDG accumulation in the uterus. MR imaging demonstrated uterine leiomyoma only. Based on these findings, uterine endometrial biopsy was performed and histological diagnosis of IVLBCL involving the uterus was established. She received 6 courses of R-CHOP therapy and high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. At present, she remains in complete remission after 33 months.

INTRAUTERINE FATE OF INVASIVE TROPHOBLAST CELLS1

PubMed Central

Rosario, Gracy X.; Ain, Rupasri; Konno, Toshihiro; Soares, Michael J.

2009-01-01

Invasion of trophoblast cells into the uterine spiral arteries and the uterine wall is characteristic of hemochorial placentation. In the rat, trophoblast cells penetrate through the uterine decidua and well into the metrial gland. In this report, we examined the fate of these invasive trophoblast cells following parturition. Invasive trophoblast endocrine cells were retained in the postpartum mesometrial uterus in the rat. The demise of invasive trophoblast cells was followed by the appearance of differentiated smooth muscle cells surrounding blood vessels previously lined by invasive trophoblast cells and an infiltration of macrophages. Regulation of intrauterine trophoblast cell fate was investigated following premature removal of the fetus or removal of the fetus and chorioallantoic placenta. The presence of the fetus affected the distribution of invasive trophoblast cells within the uterus but did not negatively impact their survival. Premature removal of all chorioallantoic placentas and associated fetuses from a uterus resulted in extensive removal of intrauterine trophoblast cells. In summary, the postpartum demise of intrauterine invasive trophoblast cells is a dynamic developmental event regulated in part by the removal of trophic signals emanating from the chorioallantoic placenta. PMID:19344949

The Impact of Uterine Radiation on Subsequent Fertility and Pregnancy Outcomes

PubMed Central

Teh, Wan Tinn; Stern, Catharyn; Chander, Sarat; Hickey, Martha

2014-01-01

Future fertility is of paramount importance to younger cancer survivors. Advances in assisted reproductive technology mean that young women treated with radiation involving the uterus may require clinical guidance regarding whether to attempt a pregnancy themselves. We performed a review of the literature regarding radiation involving uterus (total body irradiation (TBI) and pelvic radiation), fertility, and pregnancy outcomes to come up with a recommendation for our patients. Limited evidence suggests lower fecundity and an increased incidence of pregnancy complications after uterine radiation. Higher radiation doses and direct uterine radiation both significantly increase the risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome. Uterine radiation doses of <4 Gy do not appear to impair uterine function. Adult TBI data (usually 12 Gy) suggest pregnancy is possible but with lower fecundity and more complications. Although there is no clear data indicating the dose of radiation to the uterus, above which a pregnancy would not be sustainable, we suggest patients receiving >45 Gy during adulthood and >25 Gy in childhood be counselled to avoid attempting pregnancy. There is preliminary evidence that menopausal hormone therapy and a combination of pentoxifylline and tocopherol may improve uterine function following irradiation. PMID:25165706

A Rare Case of Transvesical Cesarean Section

PubMed Central

Juneja, Sunil Kumar; Tandon, Pooja; Kochhar, Bakul; Singh, Harman Deep; Sharma, Bhanupriya

2017-01-01

Cesarean section, also commonly known as C-section, is a surgical procedure in which incision is made through a mother's abdomen and uterus to deliver one or more babies. According to urgency, they are classified either as elective or emergency. According to technique, they have been classified as classical, lower uterine segment and cesarean hysterectomy. Intentional transvesical cesarean though not a routinely practiced technique is used for delivery in women born with imperforate anus, ectopic intravaginal urethra, vaginal and urethral strictures, and bladder adherent completely over the uterus. Since such cases are very rare, we are reporting one such case of transvesical cesarean section. PMID:28904925

Research on Blastocyst Implantation Essential Factors (BIEFs).

PubMed

Yoshinaga, Koji

2010-06-01

Blastocyst implantation is a process of interaction between embryo and the uterus. To understand this process, this review tries to summarize what blastocyst implantation essential factors (BIEFs) play what roles, as well as where in the uterus and at what stage of implantation process. Addition of more new data to this kind of compilation of information will help the development of diagnosis and treatment of infertility caused by implantation failure. The major, important cells of the endometrial cells that interact with invading blastocyst (trophoblast) are luminal epithelial cells, stromal cells (decidual cells) and resident immune cells. BIEFs regulate these cells to successfully maintain pregnancy.

Intrauterine photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging probe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miranda, Christopher; Barkley, Joel; Smith, Barbara S.

2018-04-01

Intrauterine photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging are probe-based imaging modalities with translational potential for use in detecting endometrial diseases. This deep-tissue imaging probe design allows for the retrofitting of commercially available endometrial sampling curettes. The imaging probe presented here has a 2.92-mm diameter and approximate length of 26 cm, which allows for entry into the human endometrial cavity, making it possible to use photoacoustic imaging and high-resolution ultrasound to characterize the uterus. We demonstrate the imaging probes' ability to provide structural information of an excised pig uterus using ultrasound imaging and detect photoacoustic signals at a radial depth of 1 cm.

[A Case of a Patient with Metastatic Rectal-Uterine Cancer from the Ascending Colon Who Underwent NOSE].

PubMed

Naito, Atsushi; Kato, Takeshi; Ishida, Tomo; Kuwahara, Ryuichi; Akiyama, Yasuki; Sakamato, Takuya; Inatome, Junichi; Murakami, Kohei; Katsura, Yoshiteru; Ohmura, Yoshiaki; Kagawa, Yoshinori; Takeno, Atsushi; Egawa, Chiyomi; Takeda, Yutaka; Tamura, Shigeyuki

2016-11-01

An 80-year-old woman had undergone a right hemicolectomy for ascending colon cancer 9 months prior to the current presentation. CT and PET-CT showed a solitary tumor measuring 55mm in diameter at the uterus and rectum. Three 5mm ports and two 12mm two ports were placed. The sigmoid colon was mobilized using a medial approach as usual in laparoscopic surgery. The rectum and uterus were mobilized and were resected. We inserted the End-catchTM in from the vagina and removed the specimen. The patient had no abdominal pain and was discharged from the hospital 9 days after the operation.

Fetal Endoscopic Surgery for Spina Bifida

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-10-16

Neural Tube Defects; Spina Bifida, Open; Myelomeningocele; Fetal Disease; Hydrocephalus; Chiari Malformation Type 2; Congenital Abnormality; Surgery; Maternal, Uterus or Pelvic Organs, Affecting Fetus

The perfused swine uterus model: long-term perfusion

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background It has previously been shown that the viability of swine uteri can be maintained within the physiological range in an open perfusion model for up to 8 hours. The aim of this study was to assess medium- to long-term perfusion of swine uteri using a modified Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate buffer solution (KRBB) in the established open perfusion model. Methods In an experimental study at an infertility institute, 30 swine uteri were perfused: group 1: n = 11, KRBB; group 2: n = 8, modified KRBB with drainage of perfusate supernatant; group 3: n = 11, modified KRBB with drainage of perfusate every 2 h and substitution with fresh medium. Modified and conventional KRBB were compared with regard to survival and contraction parameters: intrauterine pressure (IUP), area under the curve (AUC), and frequency of contractions (F). Results Modified KRBB showed significantly higher IUP, AUC, and F values than perfusion with conventional KRBB. In group 3, the organ survival time of up to 17 h, with a 98% rate of effective contraction time, differed significantly from group 1 (P < 0.001). Conclusions Using modified KRBB in combination with perfusate substitution improves the open model for perfusion of swine uteri with regard to survival time and quality of contraction parameters. This model can be used for medium- to long-term perfusion of swine uteri, allowing further metabolic ex vivo studies in a cost-effective way and with little logistic effort. PMID:23241226

Quantitative Serial MRI of the Treated Fibroid Uterus

PubMed Central

Williams, Alistair R. W.; McKillop, Graham; Walker, Jane; Horne, Andrew W.; Newby, David E.; Anderson, Richard A.; Semple, Scott I.; Marshall, Ian; Lewis, Steff C.; Millar, Robert P.; Bastin, Mark E.; Critchley, Hilary O. D.

2014-01-01

Objective There are no long-term medical treatments for uterine fibroids, and non-invasive biomarkers are needed to evaluate novel therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to determine whether serial dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and magnetization transfer MRI (MT-MRI) are able to detect changes that accompany volume reduction in patients administered GnRH analogue drugs, a treatment which is known to reduce fibroid volume and perfusion. Our secondary aim was to determine whether rapid suppression of ovarian activity by combining GnRH agonist and antagonist therapies results in faster volume reduction. Methods Forty women were assessed for eligibility at gynaecology clinics in the region, of whom thirty premenopausal women scheduled for hysterectomy due to symptomatic fibroids were randomized to three groups, receiving (1) GnRH agonist (Goserelin), (2) GnRH agonist+GnRH antagonist (Goserelin and Cetrorelix) or (3) no treatment. Patients were monitored by serial structural, DCE-MRI and MT-MRI, as well as by ultrasound and serum oestradiol concentration measurements from enrolment to hysterectomy (approximately 3 months). Results A volumetric treatment effect assessed by structural MRI occurred by day 14 of treatment (9% median reduction versus 9% increase in untreated women; P = 0.022) and persisted throughout. Reduced fibroid perfusion and permeability assessed by DCE-MRI occurred later and was demonstrable by 2–3 months (43% median reduction versus 20% increase respectively; P = 0.0093). There was no apparent treatment effect by MT-MRI. Effective suppression of oestradiol was associated with early volume reduction at days 14 (P = 0.041) and 28 (P = 0.0061). Conclusion DCE-MRI is sensitive to the vascular changes thought to accompany successful GnRH analogue treatment of uterine fibroids and should be considered for use in future mechanism/efficacy studies of proposed fibroid drug therapies. GnRH antagonist administration does not appear to accelerate volume reduction, though our data do support the role of oestradiol suppression in GnRH analogue treatment of fibroids. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00746031 PMID:24608161

Ultrasound-guided instrumental removal of the retained placenta after vaginal delivery.

PubMed

Rosenstein, Melissa G; Vargas, Juan E; Drey, Eleanor A

2014-08-01

The standard treatment for retained placenta is manual extraction, in which a hand is introduced inside the uterus to cleave a plane between the placenta and the uterine wall. For women without an epidural, the procedure is extremely uncomfortable and may require additional measures such as intravenous narcotics or regional anesthesia. Although ultrasound-guided instrumental removal of the placenta is standard practice as part of second-trimester abortion by dilation and evacuation and may be done at many institutions, especially after failed manual extraction, it has not yet been described in the literature as a technique following vaginal birth. Our experience with this technique is that it causes less discomfort to the patient than a traditional manual extraction, because the instrument entering the uterus is much narrower than a hand. With the patient in dorsal lithotomy, we locate the cervix and stabilize it either with fingers or a ring forceps on the anterior lip. We introduce Bierer ovum forceps into the uterus under direct ultrasound guidance. The Bierer forceps are preferred because of their long length, large head, and serrated teeth that allow for a firm, secure grip on the placenta. We grasp the placental tissue with the forceps and apply slow, gentle traction in short strokes, regrasping increasingly more distal areas of placenta as necessary to tease out the placenta. After 1-2 minutes, the placenta separates and can be pulled out of the uterus, usually intact. Our experience suggests that this technique is a well-tolerated option for women without an epidural who have a retained placenta. Further study is needed to quantify the amount of discomfort and anesthesia that can be avoided with this technique, as well as whether there is any change in the frequency of infectious complications or the necessity of postremoval curettage. Copyright © 2014 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Net energy and protein requirements for pregnancy differ between goats and sheep.

PubMed

Härter, C J; Ellis, J L; France, J; Resende, K T; Teixeira, I A M A

2016-06-01

Current feeding systems for goats estimate the energy and protein requirements for pregnancy using data from sheep. The objective of this study was to predict the NE and net protein requirements for pregnancy in goats carrying single and twin fetuses and to compare these requirements with those of sheep. Data were compiled from 2 studies with dairy goats and 3 studies with sheep. These studies measured the energy content (EC) and protein content (PC) of the gravid uterus and of the mammary gland using the comparative slaughter technique. The current study was performed as a meta-analysis using an exponential model, comparing species (sheep versus goats) and litter size (single versus twin) from 50 to 140 d of pregnancy. Total EC and total PC in the gravid uterus were similar in goats and sheep carrying a single fetus. Energy and protein contents of the gravid uterus of sheep carrying twins were, on average, 29% greater than that of goats with twins from 80 to 140 d of pregnancy. During pregnancy, EC and PC of the mammary gland in goats carrying singles and twins were, on average, greater than those of sheep by 9 and 24%, respectively, for EC and by 25% for PC for both litter sizes. In conclusion, the gravid uterus and the mammary gland of goats and sheep require different amounts of energy and protein. Sheep carrying twins have the greatest daily NE and net protein requirements for pregnancy followed by goats carrying twins and both species carrying a single fetus. Therefore, it is inappropriate to adopt data from sheep to predict the net pregnancy requirements of goats, and the results found in this study could be relevant to the nutritional management of dairy goats.

Progesterone and DNA Damage Encourage Uterine Cell Proliferation and Decidualization through Up-regulating Ribonucleotide Reductase 2 Expression during Early Pregnancy in Mice*

PubMed Central

Lei, Wei; Feng, Xu-Hui; Deng, Wen-Bo; Ni, Hua; Zhang, Zhi-Rong; Jia, Bo; Yang, Xin-Ling; Wang, Tong-Song; Liu, Ji-Long; Su, Ren-Wei; Liang, Xiao-Huan; Qi, Qian-Rong; Yang, Zeng-Ming

2012-01-01

Embryo implantation into the maternal uterus is a crucial step for the successful establishment of mammalian pregnancy. Following the attachment of embryo to the uterine luminal epithelium, uterine stromal cells undergo steroid hormone-dependent decidualization, which is characterized by stromal cell proliferation and differentiation. The mechanisms underlying steroid hormone-induced stromal cell proliferation and differentiation during decidualization are still poorly understood. Ribonucleotide reductase, consisting of two subunits (RRM1 and RRM2), is a rate-limiting enzyme in deoxynucleotide production for DNA synthesis and plays an important role in cell proliferation and tumorgenicity. Based on our microarray analysis, Rrm2 expression was significantly higher at implantation sites compared with interimplantation sites in mouse uterus. However, the expression, regulation, and function of RRM2 in mouse uterus during embryo implantation and decidualization are still unknown. Here we show that although both RRM1 and RRM2 expression are markedly induced in mouse uterine stromal cells undergoing decidualization, only RRM2 is regulated by progesterone, a key regulator of decidualization. Further studies showed that the induction of progesterone on RRM2 expression in stromal cells is mediated by the AKT/c-MYC pathway. RRM2 can also be induced by replication stress and DNA damage during decidualization through the ATR/ATM-CHK1-E2F1 pathway. The weight of implantation sites and deciduoma was effectively reduced by specific inhibitors for RRM2. The expression of decidual/trophoblast prolactin-related protein (Dtprp), a reliable marker for decidualization in mice, was significantly reduced in deciduoma and steroid-induced decidual cells after HU treatment. Therefore, RRM2 may be an important effector of progesterone signaling to induce cell proliferation and decidualization in mouse uterus. PMID:22403396

[Uterine autologous transplantation in cynomolgus monkeys: a preliminary report of 6 case].

PubMed

Wang, Yifeng; Zhu, Ying; Yu, Ping; Chen, Gaowen; Cai, Baota; Zhang, Zhengguang; Liu, Na; Lü, Xiaogang; Xiong, Juxiang; Zhong, Lijuan; Rao, Junhua

2014-12-23

To evaluate the surgical feasibility of uterine autologous transplantation in female cynomolgus monkeys and explore the effect of microsurgical technique. From May 2011 to March 2014, 6 female cynomolgus monkeys, aged 7 to 12 years, were randomly divided into 2 surgical groups. In group A, gross surgeries were performed with naked eyes. In group B, uterine re-transplantation was performed under 10-time-magnifying microscopy. Anatomical data and operative durations were recorded and analyzed. Viable uterine tissue and vascular patency were observed on trans-abdominal ultrasonography and second-look laparotomy after 3 months. The average uterus retrieval time, average vascular anastomotic time, average perfusion time and average total operative time of group B were 88.7, 147.3 and 320.0 min versus 123.7, 180.7 and 393.7 min in group A. The average perfusion durations were 35.0 and 27.3 min. And there was no inter-group difference. A total of 12 successful vascular procedures (including 6 internal iliac arteries and 6 uterine-ovary veins) of vascular anastomosis were recorded in group B versus 4 cases (including 1 artery and 3 veins) in group A (vein, P > 0.05; artery, P < 0.05). In group A, there was only 1 successful operation but uterus turned necrotic after 4 weeks. In group B, the surgical success rate was 100%. However one animal died due to intestinal obstruction. And in another 2 animals, viable uterine tissue and vascular patency were observed on trans-abdominal ultrasonography and second-look laparotomy. Two survivors resumed cyclicity at days 17 and 50 respectively as a sign of re-established uterine function. This study has demonstrated the feasibility of uterus transplantation by vascular anastomosis in cynomolgus monkeys. And assistance of microsurgical technique can significantly improve the success rate of arterial anastomosis during uterus transplantation.

Effect of oestradiol and pathogen-associated molecular patterns on class II-mediated antigen presentation and immunomodulatory molecule expression in the mouse female reproductive tract

PubMed Central

Ochiel, Daniel O; Rossoll, Richard M; Schaefer, Todd M; Wira, Charles R

2012-01-01

Cells of the female reproductive tract (FRT) can present antigen to naive and memory T cells. However, the effects of oestrogen, known to modulate immune responses, on antigen presentation in the FRT remain undefined. In the present study, DO11.10 T-cell antigen receptor transgenic mice specific for the class II MHC-restricted ovalbumin (OVA) 323–339 peptide were used to study the effects of oestradiol and pathogen-associated molecular patterns on antigen presentation in the FRT. We report here that oestradiol inhibited antigen presentation of OVA by uterine epithelial cells, uterine stromal cells and vaginal cells to OVA-specific memory T cells. When ovariectomized animals were treated with oestradiol for 1 or 3 days, antigen presentation was decreased by 20–80%. In contrast, incubation with PAMP increased antigen presentation by epithelial cells (Pam3Cys), stromal cells (peptidoglycan, Pam3Cys) and vaginal cells (Pam3Cys). In contrast, CpG inhibited both stromal and vaginal cell antigen presentation. Analysis of mRNA expression by reverse transcription PCR indicated that oestradiol inhibited CD40, CD80 and class II in the uterus and CD40, CD86 and class II in the vagina. Expression in isolated uterine and vaginal cells paralleled that seen in whole tissues. In contrast, oestradiol increased polymeric immunoglobulin receptor mRNA expression in the uterus and decreased it in the vagina. These results indicate that antigen-presenting cells in the uterus and vagina are responsive to oestradiol, which inhibits antigen presentation and co-stimulatory molecule expression. Further, these findings suggest that antigen-presenting cells in the uterus and vagina respond to selected Toll-like receptor agonists with altered antigen presentation. PMID:22043860

Abdominal exploration - slideshow

MedlinePlus

... ency/presentations/100049.htm Abdominal exploration - series—Normal ... intestine (jejunum and ileum), the large intestine (colon), the liver, the spleen, the gallbladder, the pancreas, the uterus, ...

PRE AND POST-IMPLANTATION CHANGES IN THE UTEUS OF RATS: RESPONSE TO MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM. EXTRACT

PubMed Central

Prakash, Anand O.; Pathak, Sandhya; Shukla, Sangeeta; Mathur, R.

1988-01-01

Aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. (root) has been studies on pre and post-implementation stages of the uterus of rats so as to elucidate its antifertility mode of action. Results on the biochemical estimation in the uterus of control pregnant rats at different stages of pregnancy revealed a successive increase in the total proteins, glycogen content and the activity or acid and alkaline phosphatase from day 2 to 5 post-coitum. When aqueous extract of M. oleifera Lam. Was administered, there was a significant reduction in all these biochemical constituents when compared to their respective control groups. The role of these biochemical transformations has been discussed in relation to anti-implantation action of the extract. PMID:22557630

Detection of egg drop syndrome 1976 virus by polymerase chain reaction and study of its persistence in experimentally infected layer birds.

PubMed

Kumar, N S; Kataria, J M; Koti, M; Dhama, K; Toroghi, R

2003-01-01

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the detection of Egg drop syndrome 1976 (EDS-76) virus in tissues, namely in the uterus, spleen and buffy coat. It was also used to study the persistence of the virus in tissues of experimentally infected layer birds. The PCR assay could detect as little as 10 fg of purified EDS-76 viral DNA. It also amplified the DNA of Fowl adenovirus serotypes 4 (FAV-4) and 8 (FAV-8). The virus persisted in the uterus up to day 21 post infection (p.i.). Detection of EDS-76 viral DNA in the buffy coat could be useful for studying the occurrence of the respective disease in layer bird flocks.

Polled Intersex Syndrome with urethral atresia in a goat.

PubMed

Yokota, Shinichi; Matsuu, Aya; Morita, Takehito; Tsuka, Takeshi; Hishinuma, Mitsugu; Minami, Saburo; Hikasa, Yoshiaki

2011-10-01

A 5-day-old hornless goat was referred with dysuria since birth. The scrotum was absent, and a small penis-like structure was seen below the perineal raphe. On the laparotomy, the testicles were found near the inguinal ring- and attached to a uterus-like structure. On histological analysis, the uterus-like structure was blind-end. Germ cells were absent in the testis. The karyotype of this goat was 60, XX and the SRY gene was absent. The goat was homozygous for a DNA deletion responsible for the Polled Intersex Syndrome (PIS). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report as the clinical case of the PIS-/- goat with urethral atresia.

Anatomy and histology of the reproductive tract of the female Babirusa (Babyrousa celebensis).

PubMed

Ziehmer, B; Ogle, S; Signorella, A; Knorr, C; Macdonald, A A

2010-07-15

The anatomy and histology of the female reproductive tract of the Indonesian wild pig Babyrousa celebensis was studied by means of reproductive tracts obtained from seven animals aged between two and 22 years of age. The ovary appeared to have the ability to ovulate up to four ova at one time. However, the combined ovarian output seemed to average 1.86 ova. Ovulation can take place at any time from puberty to old age (22 years). The opening to the uterine tube was indicated by a 'flower-like' array of tall, broad epithelial 'petals' arising from the luminal surface of the funnel. The mucosal surfaces of these structures were covered in a mixture of prominent ciliated cells and bulbous secretory cells. The uterine tube followed a tightly convoluted path to the tip of the uterine horn. The uterus was proportionately short. The anatomical construction of the uterus was similar to those of other suids in that the columnar endometrium was heavily folded, there was a rich supply of uterine glands in the lamina propria, and the uterus was provided with a good blood supply. The cervix was thick walled and had a spiral lumen. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Medical students learning the pelvic examination: comparison of outcome in terms of skills between a professional patient and a clinical patient model.

PubMed

Siwe, Karin; Wijma, Klaas; Stjernquist, Martin; Wijma, Barbro

2007-11-01

To compare two models of learning the pelvic examination (PE) for medical students, with professional patients (PP) or with clinical patients (CP), by measuring perceived distress and learning outcome in terms of skills. Prospective longitudinal study. Assessments of self-perceived distress on four occasions at the prospect of performing a PE. Evaluation of the learning session (LS) and clinical clerkship concerning outcome of palpation skills. During the LS, students in the PP model (PP students) received enough guidance from their coaches, were certain they had palpated the uterus and at least one ovary, and were less distressed afterwards compared with students who were instructed using the CP model (CP students). During the clinical clerkship, the PP students performed twice as many PEs as CP students did and had more often confirmed palpating the uterus and an ovary. PP students were more skilful in palpating the uterus and ovaries and performed more PEs during the clinical clerkship than did CP students. Engaging healthy and voluntary women as PPs takes time and effort. It is, however, worthwhile as it increases the confidence of students who perform PEs, makes them more competent, and ultimately improves their skills in performing the examination during their clinical clerkship.

Immunolocalisation of oestrogen receptors alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta) in porcine embryos and fetuses at different stages of gestation.

PubMed

Knapczyk, Katarzyna; Duda, Malgorzata; Szafranska, Bozena; Wolsza, Katarzyna; Panasiewicz, Grzegorz; Koziorowski, Marek; Slomczynska, Maria

2008-06-01

The sites of oestrogen action can be shown by the localisation of their receptors in the target tissues. The aim of the present study was to show the localisation of oestrogen receptors in porcine embryos and fetuses obtained on days 18, 22, 32, 40, 50, 60, 71 and 90 post coitum (p.c.). The visualisation of proteins was conducted in embryos and various fetal organs such as gonads, uterus, lung, kidney, intestine and adrenal gland. Both ERs were observed in the blastocysts on day 18 p.c. In the male, ERbeta was detected in the testis and epididymis, whereas ERalpha was present in the efferent ductules. In the female, ERbeta was detected in the ovarian stromal cells investing the oocyte nests, while ERalpha protein was detected in the surface epithelium. In the uterus, ERs were present in the stromal cells, while ERbeta was present in the luminal epithelium. In the non-reproductive fetal porcine tissues ERbeta was localised in the lungs, kidneys, adrenal glands and in the umbilical cords. Both ERs were observed in the intestine. It is possible that ERbeta may play important roles in the development of the adrenal gland, testis, kidney and lungs, while both ERs are involved in the development of the ovary, uterus, epididymis and intestine of the porcine fetus.

Factors affecting embryo viability and uterine receptivity: insights from an analysis of the UK registry data.

PubMed

Roberts, Stephen A; Hann, Mark; Brison, Daniel R

2016-02-01

Many studies have identified prognostic factors for IVF treatment outcome; however, little information is available on the mechanism of their action. Embryo-uterus models have the potential to distinguish between factors acting on the embryo directly and those acting through the uterine environment. Here we apply embryo-uterus models to comprehensive UK registry data from two periods, 2000-2005 and 2007-2011, containing 139,444 and 226,542 embryo transfer cycles, respectively. Given this large dataset, the embryo-uterus model is capable of distinguishing between uterine and embryo effects. Maternal age is the predominant predictor of live birth and acts on both the embryo and uterine components, but with larger effects on the embryo. Prolonged embryo culture is associated with greater embryo viability, reflecting the greater degree of selection, but is also associated with greater uterine receptivity. Cryopreserved embryos are less viable and were associated with poorer uterine receptivity. This work suggests that, in addition to the direct effects of in-vitro culture on the embryonic environment during the first few days of the embryo's life, the delay in transfer after extended culture or cryopreservation can lead to an altered uterine environment for the embryo after transfer. Copyright © 2015 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Malignant mixed Mullerian tumour of the prolapsed cervix: A case report.

PubMed

Massinde, Anthony N; Rumanyika, Richard R; Kihunrwa, Albert; Rambau, Peter; Magoma, Moke

2012-04-01

Malignant mixed Mullerian tumour is a rare gynaecological tumour commonly presenting with vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain or mass in the uterine cavity, cervix or vagina. The neoplasms are commonly seen in postmenopausal women although it has been observed in younger women. Ovaries and the corpus of the uterus are commonly involved, whereas involvement of the cervix and vagina is rare. A 37 year-old Tanzania lady para 7 with a previous history of two genital polypectomies presented with history of recurrent vaginal mass which was associated with abnormal vaginal bleeding and foul smelling discharge. Vaginal examination revealed a prolapsed uterus with giant fungating cervical mass which was ulcerated, friable, and bled easily on touch. Impression was grade three uterine prolapse with infected cervical polyp/cervical sarcoma. Excision of the tumour through trans-vaginal hysterectomy was performed, no lymphadenopathy was found, no adnexa abnormalities, and no involvement of the vaginal wall. Histological diagnosis of Malignant mixed Mullerian tumour of the cervix was made. Patient recovery was unremarkable; however she was lost to follow up. The patient's mass was initially suspected to be prolapsed uterus with decubitus ulcer but the histological results were of a malignant condition. Lack of clear management guidelines for some rare mixed tumours remains a challenge for clinicians in low resource settings.

Effects of exercise and heat stress on regional blood flow in pregnant sheep.

PubMed

Bell, A W; Hales, J R; Fawcett, A A; King, R B

1986-05-01

Radioactive microspheres were used to measure cardiac output and blood flow to most major tissues, including those in the pregnant uterus, in late-pregnant ewes at rest and during treadmill exercise (approximately 3-fold increase in metabolic rate for 30 min) in thermoneutral (TN) (dry bulb temperature (Tdb) = 13 degrees C, wet bulb temperature (Twb) = 10 degrees C) and mildly hot (MH) (Tdb = 40 degrees C, Twb = 27 degrees C) environments. Exercise caused major increases in blood flow to respiratory muscles, nonrespiratory limb muscles, and adipose tissue, and flow was decreased to some gastrointestinal tissues, spleen, pancreas, and to placental and nonplacental tissues in the pregnant uterus. Heat exposure had relatively little effect on these exercise-induced changes, except that flow was further increased in the respiratory muscles. Results are compared with those of a similar study on nonpregnant sheep in which changes in muscle, skin, and visceral flows during exercise were attenuated by heat exposure. It is suggested that redistribution of blood flow from the pregnant uterus, which in resting ewes took 22% of cardiac output, is a significant buffer against the potentially deleterious effects of combined exercise and heat stress on blood flow to exercising muscles and thermoregulatory tissues.

Estrogens regulate the expression of NHERF1 in normal colon during the reproductive cycle of Wistar rats.

PubMed

Cuello-Carrión, F Darío; Troncoso, Mariana; Guiñazu, Elina; Valdez, Susana R; Fanelli, Mariel A; Ciocca, Daniel R; Kreimann, Erica L

2010-12-01

In breast cancer cell lines, the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulator factor 1 (NHERF1) gene is regulated at the transcriptional level by estrogens, the protein expression levels correlate with the presence of estrogen receptors and the effect is blocked by anti-estrogens. However, there is limited information regarding the regulation of NHERF1 by estrogens in normal colon tissue. The NHERF1 protein has an important role in the maintenance of the intestine ultrastructure. NHERF1-deficient mice showed defects in the intestinal microvilli as well as molecular alterations in brush border membrane proteins. Here, we have studied the expression of NHERF1 in normal rat colon and uterus during the reproductive cycle of Wistar rats. We found that NHERF1 expression in rat colon during the estral cycle is modified by estrogen levels: higher expression of NHERF1 was observed during the proestrous and estrous stages and lower expression in diestrous 1 when estrogen levels decreased. In uterus, NHERF1 was expressed in the apical region of the luminal epithelium and glands in all stages of the estral cycle, and in both colon and uterus, the expression was independent of the proliferation status. Our results show that NHERF1 expression is regulated by estrogens in colon during the rat estral cycle.

[Clinical efficacy and safety of uterine artery chemoembolization in abnormal placental implantation complicated with postpartum hemorrhage].

PubMed

Chen, Yao-ting; Xu, Lin-feng; Sun, Hong-liang; Li, Hui-qing; Hu, Ren-mei; Tan, Qi-yin

2010-04-01

To investigate the safety and clinical efficacy of uterime artery chemoembolization in postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) caused by abnormal placental implantation. Between December 2006 and September 2009, there were 23 cases of abnormal placental implantation with PPH in our hospital, among which 9 presented with continuous small amount of vaginal bleeding and 14 with acute excessive bleeding. The average bleeding time was (8+/-6) d and the mean blood loss was (980+/-660) ml. Abnormal placental implantation was confirmed by color Doppler ultrasound (CD-US) in all cases, the internal iliac artery angiography was performed to identify the uterine artery and bilateral uterine artery chemoembolization (UACE) with methotrexate (MTX) and gelfoam particles to the distal end of uterine artery was conducted after. CD-US rechecked all patients within 48 h after UACE and those patients with blurred margins between placenta and uterus and abnormal blood flow (>1 cmx1 cm) received ultrasonic-guided per vagina MTX multipoint injections. All cases were followed up for 3-26 months (average 12 months) to observe vaginal bleeding, placenta tissue discharge, serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), uterine involution, menses, and side-effects or complications. (1) Curative effect: These 23 cases underwent 24 procedures of UACE successfully and vaginal bleeding ceased at an average of (3.5+/-1.3) min after UACE. Reduced blood flow in the placental implantation area was detected under CD-US after UACE. Among the 23 patients, wterine curettage was required in 16 cases due to retained placenta tissues with the mean blood loss of (40+/-28) ml during the operation, 2 underwent subtotal hysterectomy and confirmed to be placenta percreta by pathology examination, and placenta tissues were spontaneously discharged completely in 5 cases. Totally, 91% of the patients (21/23) reserved their uterus. (2) FOLLOW-UP: the serum hCG reduced to normal within 1-13 d after the placenta tissue were evacuated

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

MedlinePlus

... Names PID; Oophoritis; Salpingitis; Salpingo - oophoritis; Salpingo - peritonitis Images Pelvic laparoscopy Female reproductive anatomy Endometritis Uterus References McKinzie J. Sexually transmitted diseases. In: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, ...

Developmental disorders of the female genital tract

MedlinePlus

... vagina, ovaries, uterus, and cervix; Developmental disorder of female reproductive tract ... CARES Foundation -- www.caresfoundation.org Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Education and Support Network -- www.congenitaladrenalhyperplasia.org DES Action ...

Ectopic pregnancy

MedlinePlus

Tubal pregnancy; Cervical pregnancy; Tubal ligation - ectopic pregnancy ... In most pregnancies, the fertilized egg travels through the fallopian tube to the womb (uterus). If the movement of the egg ...

Urogenital Applications of Probiotic Bacteria

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reid, Gregor

The urogenital tract extends from the perineal skin close to the anus, to the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, urethra, bladder and kidneys. The uterus, bladder and kidneys are regarded as being sterile, although it will not be surprising if molecular techniques discover that this is not necessarily the case. The importance of the urogenital tract in the health of women cannot be understated. Given its proximity to potential pathogens emerging from the rectum, exposure to sexually transmitted organisms, hormonal fluctuations that affect cells, use of tampons, contraceptives and douches, and the birthing process, it is remarkable that this area is not constantly infected. Nevertheless, it has been estimated that almost every female will have a vaginal or bladder infection at some point in her life.

Complications of unsafe abortion: case reports and the need for curriculum review in Nigeria.

PubMed

Umoh, A V; Umoiyoho, A J

2009-09-01

Unsafe abortion remains a major reproductive health problem in Nigeria. These are 2 case reports of unsafe abortion, one performed by a patent medicine dealer where a false passage was created in the substance of the cervix to evacuate the uterus using a cannula. A piece of the cannula was left in situ for five years leading to chronic infection and infertility. The second case was performed by a medical practitioner for a second trimester abortion. He deliberately created a false passage in the substance of the cervix to evacuate the uterus leading to severe haemorrhage. We conclude that there is a need to review and improve the training of medical practitioners in termination of pregnancies to avoid unsafe abortion.

Erosions on a prolapsed uterine in an old woman: an unusual manifestation of pemphigus vulgaris.

PubMed

Ramezani, Ali; Ghandi, Narges; Akhyani, Maryam; Daneshpazhooh, Maryam; Naraghi, Zahra S; Chams-Davatchi, Cheyda

2009-09-15

Vaginal involvement in pemphigus vulgaris has previously been described. In all those cases a pelvic examination was needed to explore the lesions. We describe a patient with pemphigus vulgaris who had pemphigus erosions on a prolapsed uterus (i.e., on the everted surface of vagina). The patient had widespread lesions of pemphigus in other mucosal and cutaneous sites. Biopsy, antibodies against desmoglein 1 and 3, and direct and indirect immunofluorescence were confirming. The erosions on the prolapsed uterus were resistant to treatment; other mucosal and cutaneous lesions responded rapidly to prednisolone and azathioprine. After lowering the dose of prednisolone the patient was referred to a gynecologist for a vaginal hysterectomy. This case was unique because her vaginal lesions could be easily examined and followed.

A true cornual pregnancy with placenta percreta resulting in a viable fetus.

PubMed

Rathod, Setu; Samal, Sunil Kumar

2015-01-01

Cornual pregnancy is uncommon among ectopic pregnancies. A diagnosis of cornual pregnancy remains challenging, and rupture of a cornual pregnancy causes catastrophic consequence due to massive bleeding. In very rare circumstances, cornual pregnancies can result in a viable fetus. We report a case of a 24-year-old primigravida who presented to us with complaints of decrease fetal movements at 37(+5) weeks. Ultrasound revealed a single live intrauterine fetus with anterior low lying placenta with severe oligohydramnios (amniotic fluid index = 1.8). Emergency cesarean section was done and intraoperatively it was diagnosed as a case of placenta percreta with pregnancy in right noncommunicating horn of uterus. Right cornual resection with right salpingectomy done. Uterus, left fallopian tube and bilateral ovary were healthy. Postoperative period was uneventful.

Chronic obstipation in a leopard (Panthera pardus) caused by intrapelvic uterine leiomyoma compression of the distal colon.

PubMed

Siegal-Willott, Jessica L; Henrikson, Todd; Carpenter, James W; Andrews, Gordon A

2005-09-01

A 6-yr-old female leopard (Panthera pardus) was evaluated for a history of chronic obstipation of 4-mo duration. Radiographic, ultrasonographic, and computed tomographic evaluation revealed an intrapelvic mass that was compressing the distal colon. Because of the difficulties of postsurgical management of this animal, the owner requested euthanasia. On postmortem examination, a mass measuring 3 times 5 times 10 cm was found arising from the body of the uterus. Histopathologic evaluation of the mass revealed a leiomyoma of the uterus. This case report documents the presence of a uterine tumor in a large felid that resulted in constipation and obstipation. Additionally, the value and limitations of the imaging modalities used to provide diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment options are discussed.

Pregnancy rates and gravid uterine parameters in single, twin and triplet pregnancies in naturally bred ewes and ewes after transfer of in vitro produced embryos.

PubMed

Grazul-Bilska, Anna T; Pant, Disha; Luther, Justin S; Borowicz, Pawel P; Navanukraw, Chainarong; Caton, Joel S; Ward, Marcy A; Redmer, Dale A; Reynolds, Lawrence P

2006-05-01

The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate the pregnancy rates after transfer of embryos produced in the presence or absence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) during in vitro maturation, and (2) compare several variables of the gravid uterus on day 140 after fertilization in single, twin and triplet pregnancies in ewes (n = 12) bred naturally and in ewes (n = 18) after transfer of embryos produced in vitro. Oocytes collected from FSH-treated ewes (n = 18) were collected from all visible follicles and cultured in maturation medium with or without EGF. Oocytes were then fertilized in vitro by frozen-thawed semen. On day 5 after fertilization, embryos with > or = 16 cells were transferred to recipient ewes (n = 39). In addition 12 ewes were bred naturally. Pregnancy was verified by real-time ultrasonography on day 45 or later after embryo transfer (ET) or breeding. On day 140 of pregnancy, the reproductive tract was collected from all ewes and the following parameters were determined: the number, sex, weight and crown to rump length (CRL) of fetuses, weights of gravid uterus and fetal membranes, and weight and number of placentomes. Presence of EGF in maturation medium increased (P < 0.04) cleavage rates (78% versus 59%) and percentage of > or = 16 cell embryos on day 5 after fertilization (62% versus 40%). Pregnancy rates tended to be greater (P < 0.1) after transfer of embryos matured in the presence of EGF (52%) than in the absence of EGF (39%). EGF presence in maturation medium did not affect any variables of gravid uterus or fetal weight. For single pregnancies in naturally bred ewes and ewes after ET all uterine variables were similar. For twin pregnancies, weight of gravid uterus, weight of uterus plus fetal membranes, total weight of placentomes/ewe, mean weight of individual placentome, mean weight of fetus, total fetal weight/ewe and CRL were greater (P < 0.0001-0.04) for ewes after ET than for ewes bred naturally. The weights of gravid uterus, fluid

Ultrastructural aspects of the oesophageal and reproductive systems of the equine parasite Strongylus vulgaris.

PubMed

Mobarak, M S; Ryan, M F

2002-06-01

The ultrastructure of the dorsal oesophageal gland ampulla and its relationship with the oesophagus, oesophageal ultrastructure, and control mechanisms in oesophageal activity were studied. Terminal ducts of the sub-ventral glands open through the oesophageal crown at the base of the buccal cavity. The terminal duct of the dorsal oesophageal gland running through the dorsal gutter opens to the exterior at the rim 'groove' of the buccal capsule. The posterior oesophageal region is clavate and the cuticle of the lumen folds to form outlet valves, 'valvulae'. An inconspicuous oesophago-intestinal valve (three lobes) connects oesophagus and intestine and is visualized in the open and shut position. In the female reproductive tract, with the exception of the uterus, the cells lie on a thick, irregular (convoluted) basal lamina. The apical plasma membrane of the uterus, and seminal receptacle, extend into the lumen by microvilli-like projections with which spermatozoa make intimate contact. The lumen of the uterus is filled with oocytes, fertilized and unfertilized. Testicular cells have two parts linked by a rachis. Spermatocytes are elongated with a large nucleus, distinct nuclear membrane, and many granules. The apical membrane of the rachis forms long microvilli-like projections with balloon-like tips. The amoeboid spermatozoa contain membrane specializations, a nucleus devoid of a membrane, and are enclosed by a pseudopodial-like extension.

[Cesarean section by the Misgav Ladach+ with the abdominal opening surgery by the Joel Cohen method].

PubMed

Zienkowicz, Z; Suchocki, S; Sleboda, H; Bojarski, M

2000-04-01

The purpose of this study was to compare 90 Misgav-Ladach cesarean section by the Joel-Cohen method with 45 others with Pfannenstiel incision. The Misgav-Ladach technique involves the Joel-Cohen method, that is a superficial transverse cut in the cutis, a small midline incision in the fascia, then blunt preparation of deeper layers, including the peritoneum, followed by manual transverse traction applied to tear the recti muscles and subcutis. The uterus is also opened using the blunt preparation after a small cut in the midline. After the delivery of the fetus and placenta the uterus is lifted through the incision onto the draped abdominal wall. Then the uterus is closed with one layer of continuous vicryl suture. The abdomen is closed by a continuous suture of fascia, and widely spaced silk stitches of the skin. We sometimes use continuous suture of the skin. We do not close visceral and parietal peritoneum, recti muscles and subcutis. In our experience Misgav-Ladach method is 50% less time consuming, it reduces blood loss by about 250 ml. and allows for a much faster delivery of the fetus than Pfannenstiel method. The post operative outcome of the two methods is similar. Using the blunt preparation in the Joel-Cohen method causes less trauma and shortens convalescence time. We therefore recommend Misgav-Ladach method for cesarean section.

Conventional 4-field box radiotherapy technique for cancer cervix: potential for geographic miss without CECT scan-based planning.

PubMed

Nagar, Y S; Singh, S; Kumar, S; Lal, P

2004-01-01

The advantage of 4-field radiation to the pelvis is that the use of lateral portals spares a portion of the small bowel anteriorly and rectum posteriorly. The standard lateral portals defined in textbooks are not always adequate especially in advanced cancer cervix. An analysis was done to determine adequacy of margins of standard lateral pelvic portals with CECT defined tumor volumes. The study included 40 patients of FIGO stage IIB and IIIB treated definitively for cancer cervix between 1998 and 2000. An inadequate margin was defined if the cervical growth and uterus were not encompassed by the 95% isodose. An inadequate posterior margin was common with bulky disease (P = 0.06) and with retroverted uterus (P = 0.08). Menopausal status, FIGO stage, associated myoma, and age were of no apparent prognostic significance. Bulk retained significant on multivariate analysis. An inadequate anterior margin was common in premenopausal (P = 0.01); anteverted uterus (P = 0.02); associated myoma (P = 0.01); and younger patients (P = 0.03). It was not influenced by bulk or stage. Menopausal status and associated myoma retained significant on multivariate analysis. Without the knowledge of precise tumor volume, the 4-field technique with standard portals is potentially risky as it may under dose the tumor through lateral portals and the standard AP/ PA portals are a safer option.

A new role for muscle segment homeobox genes in mammalian embryonic diapause

PubMed Central

Cha, Jeeyeon; Sun, Xiaofei; Bartos, Amanda; Fenelon, Jane; Lefèvre, Pavine; Daikoku, Takiko; Shaw, Geoff; Maxson, Robert; Murphy, Bruce D.; Renfree, Marilyn B.; Dey, Sudhansu K.

2013-01-01

Mammalian embryonic diapause is a phenomenon defined by the temporary arrest in blastocyst growth and metabolic activity within the uterus which synchronously becomes quiescent to blastocyst activation and implantation. This reproductive strategy temporally uncouples conception from parturition until environmental or maternal conditions are favourable for the survival of the mother and newborn. The underlying molecular mechanism by which the uterus and embryo temporarily achieve quiescence, maintain blastocyst survival and then resume blastocyst activation with subsequent implantation remains unknown. Here, we show that uterine expression of Msx1 or Msx2, members of an ancient, highly conserved homeobox gene family, persists in three unrelated mammalian species during diapause, followed by rapid downregulation with blastocyst activation and implantation. Mice with uterine inactivation of Msx1 and Msx2 fail to achieve diapause and reactivation. Remarkably, the North American mink and Australian tammar wallaby share similar expression patterns of MSX1 or MSX2 as in mice—it persists during diapause and is rapidly downregulated upon blastocyst activation and implantation. Evidence from mouse studies suggests that the effects of Msx genes in diapause are mediated through Wnt5a, a known transcriptional target of uterine Msx. These studies provide strong evidence that the Msx gene family constitutes a common conserved molecular mediator in the uterus during embryonic diapause to improve female reproductive fitness. PMID:23615030

A new role for muscle segment homeobox genes in mammalian embryonic diapause.

PubMed

Cha, Jeeyeon; Sun, Xiaofei; Bartos, Amanda; Fenelon, Jane; Lefèvre, Pavine; Daikoku, Takiko; Shaw, Geoff; Maxson, Robert; Murphy, Bruce D; Renfree, Marilyn B; Dey, Sudhansu K

2013-04-24

Mammalian embryonic diapause is a phenomenon defined by the temporary arrest in blastocyst growth and metabolic activity within the uterus which synchronously becomes quiescent to blastocyst activation and implantation. This reproductive strategy temporally uncouples conception from parturition until environmental or maternal conditions are favourable for the survival of the mother and newborn. The underlying molecular mechanism by which the uterus and embryo temporarily achieve quiescence, maintain blastocyst survival and then resume blastocyst activation with subsequent implantation remains unknown. Here, we show that uterine expression of Msx1 or Msx2, members of an ancient, highly conserved homeobox gene family, persists in three unrelated mammalian species during diapause, followed by rapid downregulation with blastocyst activation and implantation. Mice with uterine inactivation of Msx1 and Msx2 fail to achieve diapause and reactivation. Remarkably, the North American mink and Australian tammar wallaby share similar expression patterns of MSX1 or MSX2 as in mice-it persists during diapause and is rapidly downregulated upon blastocyst activation and implantation. Evidence from mouse studies suggests that the effects of Msx genes in diapause are mediated through Wnt5a, a known transcriptional target of uterine Msx. These studies provide strong evidence that the Msx gene family constitutes a common conserved molecular mediator in the uterus during embryonic diapause to improve female reproductive fitness.

A case of diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis who had two successful pregnancies after medical management.

PubMed

Purohit, Ramkrishna; Sharma, Jay Gopal; Singh, Sarabjeet

2011-06-01

To describe a case report of diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis who had successful pregnancy twice following conservative management. Retrospective report. Private general hospital. A nulliparous woman 25 years of age presented with menorrhagia and infertility. She had innumerable small fibroids of 4-42 mm size throughout the myometrium. Size of the symmetrically enlarged uterus was 131×80×60 mm, clinically corresponding to that of 12 weeks of gestation. She received a GnRH analogue (GnRHa; leuprolide acetate) 3.75 mg per month for 6 months. Reduction of uterus size, menstrual amount, conception, pregnancy outcome. Enlarged uterus reduced to almost normal size after 3 doses of GnRHa. She did not experience heavy bleeding during menstruation. She conceived spontaneously in the first cycle after discontinuation of GnRHa. Antenatal course was uneventful. A healthy male baby of 2.5 kg was delivered by cesarean section at 39 weeks. The placenta weighed 330 g. There was no postpartum hemorrhage. She conceived spontaneously for the second time in the first cycle after resumption of menses. Antenatal, intranatal (cesarean section), and postnatal courses of the second pregnancy were uneventful. The second neonate weighed 3.0 kg and the placenta 400 g. Conservative treatment may help to achieve successful pregnancy in case of diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis. Copyright © 2011 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Redescription of Chabaudacuaria multispinosa (Pérez Vigueras, 1938) n. g., n. comb. (Nematoda: Spirurida: Acuariidae) based on specimens from Ardea herodias L. and Nyctanassa violacea (L.) (Ardeidae) in Florida.

PubMed

Mutafchiev, Yasen; Kinsella, John M

2012-10-01

Chabaudacuaria n. g. is erected, as monotypic, for C. multispinosa (Pérez Vigueras, 1938) n. comb. (Spirurida: Acuariidae) [syns Cheilospirura multispinosa Pérez Vigueras, 1938; Acuaria multispinosa (Pérez Vigueras, 1938) Yamaguti, 1961]. This species, a parasite of various ardeid birds, is redescribed by means of light and scanning electron microscopy based on material from great blue herons Ardea herodias L. and yellow-crowned night herons Nyctanassa violacea (L.) in Florida, USA. Chabaudacuaria n. g. resembles Acuaria Bremser, 1811, Cheilospirura Diesing, 1861, Skrjabinocerca Schikhobalova, 1930 and Xenocordon Mawson, 1982 in its straight cordons which do not anastomose. However, it can be distinguished from them by the didelphic-prodelphic uterus and the absence of caudal alae in the males. In the pattern of its cordons (consisting of a row of plates and a longitudinal ridge) and the absence of an area rugosa, the new genus is similar to Chevreuxia Seurat, 1918, Syncuaria Gil'bert, 1927, Aviculariella Wehr, 1931, Skrjabinocara Kurashvili, 1940, Decorataria Sobolev, 1949 and Desportesius Chabaud & Campana, 1949, which are characterised by anastomosing cordons. The didelphic-prodelphic female reproductive system of Chabaudacuaria is intermediate between the didelphic-amphidelphic uterus of Chevreuxia and the monodelphic-prodelphic uterus of Syncuaria, Aviculariella, Skrjabinocara, Desportesius and Decorataria. Therefore, the straight and non-anastomosing cordons are considered to be autapomorphic for Chabaudacuaria.

CALIX[4]ARENE C-99 INHIBITS MYOSIN ATPase ACTIVITY AND CHANGES THE ORGANIZATION OF CONTRACTILE FILAMENTS OF MYOMETRIUM.

PubMed

Labyntseva, R D; Bevza, A A; Lul'ko, A O; Cherenok, S O; Kalchenko, V I; Kosterin, S O

2015-01-01

Calix[4]arenes are cup-like macrocyclic (polyphenolic) compounds, they are regarded as promising molecular "platforms" for the design of new physiologically active compounds. We have earlier found that calix[4]arene C-99 inhibits the ATPase activity of actomyosin and myosin subfragment-1 of pig uterus in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of calix[4]arene C-99 with myosin from rat uterine myocytes. It was found that the ATPase activity of myosin prepared from pre-incubated with 100 mM of calix[4]arene C-99 myocytes was almost 50% lower than in control. Additionally, we have revealed the effect of calix[4]arene C-99 on the subcellular distribution of actin and myosin in uterus myocytes by the method of confocal microscopy. This effect can be caused by reorganization of the structure of the contractile smooth muscle cell proteins due to their interaction with calix[4]arene. The obtained results demonstrate the ability of calix[4]arene C-99 to penetrate into the uterus muscle cells and affect not only the myosin ATPase activity, but also the structure of the actin and myosin filaments in the myometrial cells. Demonstrated ability of calix[4]arene C-99 can be used for development of new pharmacological agents for efficient normalization of myometrial contractile hyperfunction.

Regulation of uterine progesterone receptors by the nonsteroidal anti-androgen hydroxyflutamide

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chandrasekhar, Y.; Armstrong, D.T.

1991-07-01

The authors have recently reported that the anti-androgen hydroxyflutamide causes delayed implantation and exhibits antideciduogenic activity in the rat. The present experiments were conducted to examine whether hydroxyflutamide binds to the uterine progesterone receptors and/or alters the progesterone binding sites in the uterus. Cytosol and nuclear fractions from decidualized rat uterus were incubated with (3H)-R5020 without or with increasing concentrations of radioinert R5020, RU486, dihydrotestosterone, or hydroxyflutamide. From the log-dose inhibition curves, the relative binding affinity of both hydroxyflutamide and dihydrotestosterone was less than 0.1% and 2%, compared with R5020 (100%) for displacing (3H)-R5020 bound to uterine cytosol and nuclearmore » fractions, respectively. Injection of estradiol-17 beta (1 microgram/rat) to ovariectomized prepubertal rats induced a 1.85-fold increase in uterine weight by 24 h. Hydroxyflutamide at 2.5 or 5.0 mg did not significantly alter the estrogen-induced increase in uterine weight. Compared to vehicle alone, estrogen induced an approximately 5-fold increase in uterine cytosolic progesterone binding sites. Hydroxyflutamide at both 2.5- and 5.0-mg doses significantly attenuated the estrogen-induced elevation in uterine progesterone binding sites. These studies demonstrate that hydroxyflutamide does not bind with high affinity to progesterone receptors, but suppresses the estrogen-induced elevation in progesterone receptor levels in the uterus.« less

Eight years' experience with an IVF surrogate gestational pregnancy programme.

PubMed

Raziel, Arieh; Schachter, Morey; Strassburger, Deborah; Komarovsky, Dafna; Ron-El, Raphael; Friedler, Shevach

2005-08-01

The aim of this study was to retrospectively audit eight years' experience of an IVF surrogate gestational programme and to compare the outcome of surrogacy due to absence of the uterus with surrogacy indicated for repeated IVF failure and recurrent abortions. A total of 60 cycles of IVF surrogate pregnancy were initiated in 19 treated couples. Absence of the uterus was the indication for surrogacy in 10 cases: Rokitansky syndrome (eight cases) and post-hysterectomy (two cases) designated as group A. The indications in the remaining nine patients (group B) were: IVF implantation failure (three cases), habitual abortions (four cases) and deteriorating maternal diseases (two cases). IVF performance and subsequent pregnancy outcome of groups A and B were compared. There was no difference in ovarian stimulation parameters and in IVF performance between the groups A and B. The overall pregnancy rate per transfer was 10/60 (17%). The pregnancy rates per patient and per transfer were 7/10 (70%) and 7/35 (20%) in group A compared with 3/9 (33%) and 3/25 (12%) in group B. A median number of three treatment cycles were needed to achieve pregnancy. In conclusion, the existence or absence of the uterus in the commissioning mothers is irrelevant for their IVF performance and conception rates. In patients who conceived after more than three IVF cycles, an additional 'oocyte factor' might be present.

BQ-123 prevents LPS-induced preterm birth in mice via the induction of uterine and placental IL-10

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Olgun, Nicole S., E-mail: Nicole.olgun02@stjohns.edu; Women and Children's Research Laboratory, Winthrop University Hospital, 259 1st Street, Mineola, NY, 11501; Hanna, Nazeeh, E-mail: Nhanna@winthrop.org

Preterm birth (PTB), defined as any delivery occurring prior to the completion of 37 weeks' gestation, currently accounts for 11–12% of all births in the United States. Maternal genito-urinary infections account for up to 40% of all PTBS and induce a pro-inflammatory state in the host. The potent vasoconstrictor Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is known to be upregulated in the setting of infection, and elicits its effect by binding to the ET{sub A} receptor. We have previously shown that antagonism of the ET{sub A} receptor with BQ-123 is capable of preventing LPS-induced PTB in mice. We hypothesize that the administration of BQ-123more » post LPS exposure will dismantle a positive feedback loop observed with pro-inflammatory cytokines upstream of ET-1. On GD 15.5, pregnant C57BL/6 mice were injected with PBS, LPS, BQ-123, or LPS + BQ-123. Changes at both the level of transcription and translation were observed in uterus and placenta in the ET-1 axis and in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines over the course of 12 h. We discovered that BQ-123, when administered 10 h post LPS, is capable of increasing production of uterine and placental Interleukin-10, causing a shift away from the pro-inflammatory state. We also observed that antagonism of the ET{sub A} receptor decreased IL-1β and TNFα in the placenta while also decreasing transcription of ET-1 in the uterus. Our results reinforce the role of ET-1 at the maternal fetal interface and highlight the potential benefit of ET{sub A} receptor blockade via the suppression of ET-1, and induction of a Th2 cytokine dominant state. - Highlights: • The pro-inflammatory response to LPS in the uterus and placenta is ET-1 dependent. • ET{sub A} blockade triggers up-regulation of IL-10 in uterus and placenta. • A positive feedback loop drives ET-1 expression in gestational tissue.« less

SU-F-I-36: In-Utero Dose Measurements Within Postmortem Subjects for Estimating Fetal Doses in Pregnant Patients Examined with Pulmonary Embolism, Trauma, and Appendicitis CT

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lipnharski, I; Quails, N; Carranza, C

Purpose: The imaging of pregnant patients is medically necessary in certain clinical situations. The purpose of this work was to directly measure uterine doses in a cadaver scanned with CT protocols commonly performed on pregnant patients in order to estimate fetal dose and assess potential risk. Method: One postmortem subject was scanned on a 320-slice CT scanner with standard pulmonary embolism, trauma, and appendicitis protocols. All protocols were performed with the scan parameters and ranges currently used in clinical practice. Exams were performed both with and without iterative reconstruction to highlight the dose savings potential. Optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLDs)more » were inserted into the uterus in order to approximate fetal doses. Results: In the pulmonary embolism CT protocol, the uterus is outside of the primary beam, and the dose to the uterus was under 1 mGy. In the trauma and appendicitis protocols, the uterus is in the primary beam, the fetal dose estimates were 30.5 mGy for the trauma protocol, and 20.6 mGy for the appendicitis protocol. Iterative reconstruction reduced fetal doses by 30%, with uterine doses at 21.3 for the trauma and 14.3 mGy for the appendicitis protocol. Conclusion: Fetal doses were under 1 mGy when exposed to scatter radiation, and under 50 mGy when exposed to primary radiation with the trauma and appendicitis protocols. Consistent with the National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements (NCRP) and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), these doses exhibit a negligible risk to the fetus, with only a small increased risk of cancer. Still, CT scans are not recommended during pregnancy unless the benefits of the exam clearly outweigh the potential risk. Furthermore, when possible, pregnant patients should be examined on CT scanners equipped with iterative reconstruction in order to keep patient doses as low as reasonable achievable.« less

Does variability in carotenoid composition and concentration in tissues of the breast and reproductive tract in women depend on type of lesion?

PubMed

Czeczuga-Semeniuk, E; Wołczyński, S

2008-01-01

Vitamin A takes part in many physiological and pathological processes in women's reproductive organs. The study objective was to compare the carotenoid content in benign and malignant lesions of the breast, ovary and uterus, and to demonstrate quantitative and qualitative similarities or differences between the study groups. Materials for analysis were physiological and pathological tissues of breast, ovary and uterus. The carotenoid pigments were isolated using column chromatography (CC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sixteen carotenoids were identified in the study material, including those belonging to the provitamin A group. The most common were: beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, mutatoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein epoxide and zeaxanthin. All the tissues subjected to analysis contained beta-carotene, 98% of the tissues had beta-cryptoxanthin, whereas alpha-carotene was detected in about 50% of breast tissue. No differences in carotenoid concentration were found between benign and malignant lesions in the examined tissues, apart from hydroxyechinenone, canthaxanthin, astaxanthin, lutein epoxide, antheraxanthin and neoxanthin. Similarly, no differences in concentration of the provitamin A carotenoids (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, and echinenone) were found between benign and malignant lesions except hydroxyechinenone. The highest total content of carotenoids and the biggest spectrum of predominant carotenoids were found in the breast. Only in tissues of malignant lesions of the uterus, we observed statistically higher total content of carotenoids compared to remaining samples from the uterus (p<0.001) and more frequent isolation of some carotenoids (compared to benign lesions). The results of our study confirmed the presence of a high diversity of carotenoids in the physiologic, benign and malignant tissues of the breast and the reproductive tract in women. The differences

Analysis of gene expression and regulation implicates C2H9orf152 has an important role in calcium metabolism and chicken reproduction.

PubMed

Liu, Long; Fan, Yanfeng; Zhang, Zhenhe; Yang, Chan; Geng, Tuoyu; Gong, Daoqing; Hou, Zhuocheng; Ning, Zhonghua

2017-01-01

The reproductive system of a female bird is responsible for egg production. The genes highly expressed in oviduct are potentially important. From RNA-seq analysis, C2H9orf152 (an orthologous gene of human C9orf152) was identified as highly expressed in chicken uterus. To infer its function, we obtained and characterized its complete cDNA sequence, determined its spatiotemporal expression, and probed its transcription factor(s) through pharmaceutical approach. Data showed that the complete cDNA sequence was 1468bp long with a 789bp of open reading frame. Compared to other tested tissues, this gene was highly expressed in the oviduct and liver tissues, especially uterus. Its expression in uterus was gradually increased during developmental and reproductive periods, which verified its involvement in the growth and maturity of reproductive system. In contrast, its expression was not significant different between active and quiescent uterus, suggesting the role of C2H9orf152 in reproduction is likely due to its long-term effect. Moreover, based on its 5'-flanking sequence, Foxd3 and Hnf4a were predicted as transcription factors of C2H9orf152. Using berberine or retinoic acid (which can regulate the activities of Hnf4a and Foxd3, respectively), we demonstrated suppression of C2H9orf152 by the chemicals in chicken primary hepatocytes. As retinoic acid regulates calcium metabolism, and Hnf4a is a key nuclear factor to liver, these findings suggest that C2H9orf152 is involved in liver function and calcium metabolism of reproductive system. In conclusion, C2H9orf152 may have a long-term effect on chicken reproductive system by regulating calcium metabolism, suggesting this gene has an important implication in the improvement of egg production and eggshell quality. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Female Reproductive System (For Teens)

MedlinePlus

... uterus, called the endometrium (pronounced: en-doh-MEE-tree-um). The hormone estrogen causes the endometrium to ... may be necessary. endometriosis (pronounced: en-doh-mee-tree-OH-sus), when tissue normally found only in ...

Cesarean Sections

MedlinePlus

... a baby that involves making incisions in the mother's abdominal wall and uterus. Generally considered safe, C- ... certain birth defects (such as severe hydrocephalus) the mother has problems with the placenta, such as placenta ...

Effects of Cancer Treatment on Fertility (For Parents)

MedlinePlus

... reproductive organs to remove the cancer. Sperm and Egg Preservation Options If your child's treatment carries a ... vitro fertilization (sperm are used to fertilize an egg outside of the uterus, then the fertilized embryo ...

Hysterosalpingography

MedlinePlus Videos and Cool Tools

... implant in the uterus. top of page Additional Information and Resources RTAnswers.org Radiation Therapy for Gynecologic ... Send us your feedback Did you find the information you were looking for? Yes No Please type ...

Genetics Home Reference: Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome

MedlinePlus

... are normal. Affected women usually do not have menstrual periods due to the absent uterus. Often, the first noticeable sign of MRKH syndrome is that menstruation does not begin by age 16 (primary amenorrhea). ...

Understanding and Managing Menopause | NIH MedlinePlus the Magazine

MedlinePlus

... of life," is different for each woman. For example, hot flashes and sleep problems may trouble your ... menopause. So can some types of operations. For example, surgery to remove your uterus called a hysterectomy) ...

Fluorouracil Injection

MedlinePlus

Fluorouracil is also sometimes used to treat cancer of the cervix (opening of the uterus) and esophagus, head and neck cancer (including cancer of the mouth, lip, cheek, tongue, palate, throat, tonsils, and sinuses), ...

Female Reproductive System

MedlinePlus

... estrogen causes the endometrium to become thick and rich with blood. Progesterone, another hormone released by the ... doesn't travel into the uterus, but instead grows rapidly in the fallopian tube. A woman with ...

Iodine

MedlinePlus

... the uterus (endometritis). Washing the vagina with a solution containing iodine in the form of povidone-iodine ... infection (periodontitis). Research suggests that rinsing with a solution containing iodine in the form of povidone-iodine ...

21 CFR 884.1175 - Endometrial suction curette and accessories.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... uterus by scraping and vacuum suction. This device is used to obtain tissue for biopsy or for menstrual extraction. This generic type of device may include catheters, syringes, and tissue filters or traps. (b...

21 CFR 884.1175 - Endometrial suction curette and accessories.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... uterus by scraping and vacuum suction. This device is used to obtain tissue for biopsy or for menstrual extraction. This generic type of device may include catheters, syringes, and tissue filters or traps. (b...

Methylergonovine

MedlinePlus

... uterus that can happen after childbirth or an abortion.This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ... following symptoms, call your doctor immediately: seizures chest pain fast heartbeat difficulty breathing dizziness ringing in the ...

Clinical diagnosis of uterine didelphia in Ayrshire heifer

PubMed Central

Raggio, Ignacio; Lefebvre, Rejean C.; Poitras, Pierre; Vaillancourt, Denis; Champagne, Jean P.

2006-01-01

A 24-month-old Ayrshire heifer was referred because of infertility. A clinical diagnosis of uterus didelphys was established after a complete genital examination before the animal was culled from the herd. PMID:17017655

Contractions

MedlinePlus

... feel tightening of your uterus muscles at irregular intervals or a squeezing sensation in your lower abdomen ... beginning of childbirth. These contractions come at regular intervals, usually move from the back to the lower ...

Sonohysterography

MedlinePlus

... is scheduled at a time in your menstrual cycle after your period has stopped but before ovulation . ... form in the muscle of the uterus. Menstrual Cycle: The monthly process of changes that occur to ...

Emergency Contraception

MedlinePlus

... used more than once during a single menstrual cycle , but you should not rely on EC pills ... left inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy. Menstrual Cycle: The monthly process of changes that occur to ...

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

MedlinePlus

... or eggs are implanted in your uterus. One cycle of IVF takes about two weeks. IVF is ... Specific steps of an in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle carry risks, including: Multiple births. IVF increases the ...

Progesterone

MedlinePlus

... is used as a part of hormone replacement therapy in women who have passed menopause (the change ... hysterectomy (surgery to remove the uterus). Hormone replacement therapy usually includes estrogen, which is used to treat ...

Goserelin Implant

MedlinePlus

Goserelin implant is used in combination with radiation therapy and other medications to treat localized prostate cancer ... and other symptoms) and to help with the treatment of abnormal bleeding of the uterus. Goserelin implant ...

Diagnostic laparoscopy

MedlinePlus

... from inside the uterus grow in other areas ( endometriosis ) Inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis) Ovarian cysts or ... team. Abdominal Pain Read more Appendicitis Read more Endometriosis Read more A.D.A.M., Inc. is ...

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

MedlinePlus

... abnormal uterine bleeding? Abnormal uterine bleeding is any heavy or unusual bleeding from the uterus (through your ... one symptom of abnormal uterine bleeding. Having extremely heavy bleeding during your period can also be considered ...

Uterine Cancer

MedlinePlus

... is pregnant. There are different types of uterine cancer. The most common type starts in the endometrium, ... the uterus. This type is also called endometrial cancer. The symptoms of uterine cancer include Abnormal vaginal ...

21 CFR 884.1100 - Endometrial brush.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... endometrium (the mucosal lining of the uterus) by brushing its surface. This device is used to study... perforation, or a recent cesarean section, and (3) Design and testing: (i) The sampling component is covered...

21 CFR 884.1100 - Endometrial brush.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... endometrium (the mucosal lining of the uterus) by brushing its surface. This device is used to study... perforation, or a recent cesarean section, and (3) Design and testing: (i) The sampling component is covered...

Uterine prolapse with associated rupture in a Podengo bitch.

PubMed

Payan-Carreira, R; Albuquerque, C; Abreu, H; Maltez, L

2012-08-01

A case of uterine prolapse coexisting with uterine horn rupture in a 3-year-old Portuguese Podengo bitch, which is an uncommon occurrence, is described. The female was presented with a history of recent parturition, with delivery of four healthy puppies that were normally tended and nursed. The situation developed after an uneventfully pregnancy, and no direct causative factor was identified. The duration of the prolapse was unknown, but considered to be recent because of the swollen reddish appearance of the tubular everted mass. No foetus was found in the uterus or the abdominal cavity. The female was presented in good physical condition, without signs of shock or haemorrhage. During surgical treatment, the uterus was replaced to its normal position followed by ovary-hysterectomy at 12 h from admittance. © 2011 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Dynamical analysis of uterine cell electrical activity model.

PubMed

Rihana, S; Santos, J; Mondie, S; Marque, C

2006-01-01

The uterus is a physiological system consisting of a large number of interacting smooth muscle cells. The uterine excitability changes remarkably with time, generally quiescent during pregnancy, the uterus exhibits forceful synchronized contractions at term leading to fetus expulsion. These changes characterize thus a dynamical system susceptible of being studied through formal mathematical tools. Multiple physiological factors are involved in the regulation process of this complex system. Our aim is to relate the physiological factors to the uterine cell dynamic behaviors. Taking into account a previous work presented, in which the electrical activity of a uterine cell is described by a set of ordinary differential equations, we analyze the impact of physiological parameters on the response of the model, and identify the main subsystems generating the complex uterine electrical activity, with respect to physiological data.

[Pure gonad dysgenesia or Swyer sindrome. A case report having tumoral development: melanoma].

PubMed

Russo, D; Blanco, M; Falke, G; Rocca Rivarola, M; Séller, R; Puigdevall, J C; Bergada, C

2006-10-01

A 14 year old girl having 10-days lumbar pain, polaquiuria and moderate pain to palpation is reported. Blood and urine analysis were normal. Abdominal ultrasound scan showed cavity free and solid, rounded, heterogeneous, intrapelvic mass compressing bladder and uterus. Magnetic resonance image was performed showing right gonad compromise with extensive liver and sacro-lumbar spine invasion. Tumoral markers were ruled out. During surgery, primary tumor mass localizad in the right gonad was completely excised. Melanotic peritoneal and hepatic disemination were observed. The patient had left streak gonad and infantile uterus (2 x 3 cm). As gonad dysgenesia was suspected, high resolution cromosomic study was performed and resulted in cariotype 46 XY. Microscopy of the resected gonad showed primary gonad melanoma. Chemotherapy was instituted with no tumor response and the patient died two month later.

Frequency-dependent complex modulus of the uterus: preliminary results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kiss, Miklos Z.; Hobson, Maritza A.; Varghese, Tomy; Harter, Josephine; Kliewer, Mark A.; Hartenbach, Ellen M.; Zagzebski, James A.

2006-08-01

The frequency-dependent complex moduli of human uterine tissue have been characterized. Quantification of the modulus is required for developing uterine ultrasound elastography as a viable imaging modality for diagnosing and monitoring causes for abnormal uterine bleeding and enlargement, as well assessing the integrity of uterine and cervical tissue. The complex modulus was measured in samples from hysterectomies of 24 patients ranging in age from 31 to 79 years. Measurements were done under small compressions of either 1 or 2%, at low pre-compression values (either 1 or 2%), and over a frequency range of 0.1-100 Hz. Modulus values of cervical tissue monotonically increased from approximately 30-90 kPa over the frequency range. Normal uterine tissue possessed modulus values over the same range, while leiomyomas, or uterine fibroids, exhibited values ranging from approximately 60-220 kPa.

Ovarian activity and uterus organometry in delayed puberty gilts

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

About 30% of the total number of gilts selected for reproduction at the large breeding farm units in Vojvodina (Republic of Serbia) are culled due to the prolonged pre-insemination anoestrus (estrus not detected until 8 months of age). The aim of this study was to provide the answer to the followin...

Adenomyosis

MedlinePlus

... normally — thickening, breaking down and bleeding — during each menstrual cycle. An enlarged uterus and painful, heavy periods ... discomfort. However, adenomyosis can cause: Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding Severe cramping or sharp, knifelike pelvic pain ...

How Your Fetus Grows During Pregnancy

MedlinePlus

... is transferred to the uterus. What happens during weeks 1–8 of pregnancy? Placenta begins to form. ... systems have begun to develop. What happens during weeks 9–12 of pregnancy? Buds for future teeth ...