Sample records for a-821-819 magnesium metal

  1. 76 FR 61342 - Magnesium Metal from the Russian Federation: Amended Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-04

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-821-819] Magnesium Metal from the... administrative review of the antidumping duty order on magnesium metal from the Russian Federation. See Magnesium Metal from the Russian Federation: Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review, 76 FR...

  2. 77 FR 73979 - Magnesium Metal From the Russian Federation: Notice of Reinstated Final Results of Administrative...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-12

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-821-819] Magnesium Metal From the... final results of the administrative review of the antidumping duty order on magnesium metal from the.... 2012) (AVISMA IV); see also Magnesium Metal from the Russian Federation: Final Results of Antidumping...

  3. 76 FR 12938 - Magnesium Metal From the Russian Federation: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary Results of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-09

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-821-819] Magnesium Metal From the... antidumping duty order on magnesium metal from the Russian Federation for the period April 1, 2009, through... of the administrative review of the antidumping duty order on magnesium metal from the Russian...

  4. 75 FR 78968 - Magnesium Metal From the Russian Federation: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary Results of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-17

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-821-819] Magnesium Metal From the Russian Federation: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative... administrative review of the antidumping duty order on magnesium metal from the Russian Federation for the period...

  5. Production of magnesium metal

    DOEpatents

    Blencoe, James G [Harriman, TN; Anovitz, Lawrence M [Knoxville, TN; Palmer, Donald A [Oliver Springs, TN; Beard, James S [Martinsville, VA

    2012-04-10

    A process of producing magnesium metal includes providing magnesium carbonate, and reacting the magnesium carbonate to produce a magnesium-containing compound and carbon dioxide. The magnesium-containing compound is reacted to produce magnesium metal. The carbon dioxide is used as a reactant in a second process. In another embodiment of the process, a magnesium silicate is reacted with a caustic material to produce magnesium hydroxide. The magnesium hydroxide is reacted with a source of carbon dioxide to produce magnesium carbonate. The magnesium carbonate is reacted to produce a magnesium-containing compound and carbon dioxide. The magnesium-containing compound is reacted to produce magnesium metal. The invention also relates to the magnesium metal produced by the processes described herein.

  6. Production of magnesium metal

    DOEpatents

    Blencoe, James G [Harriman, TN; Anovitz, Lawrence M [Knoxville, TN; Palmer, Donald A [Oliver Springs, TN; Beard, James S [Martinsville, VA

    2010-02-23

    A process of producing magnesium metal includes providing magnesium carbonate, and reacting the magnesium carbonate to produce a magnesium-containing compound and carbon dioxide. The magnesium-containing compound is reacted to produce magnesium metal. The carbon dioxide is used as a reactant in a second process. In another embodiment of the process, a magnesium silicate is reacted with a caustic material to produce magnesium hydroxide. The magnesium hydroxide is reacted with a source of carbon dioxide to produce magnesium carbonate. The magnesium carbonate is reacted to produce a magnesium-containing compound and carbon dioxide. The magnesium-containing compound is reacted to produce magnesium metal. The invention further relates to a process for production of magnesium metal or a magnesium compound where an external source of carbon dioxide is not used in any of the reactions of the process. The invention also relates to the magnesium metal produced by the processes described herein.

  7. System and process for production of magnesium metal and magnesium hydride from magnesium-containing salts and brines

    DOEpatents

    McGrail, Peter B.; Nune, Satish K.; Motkuri, Radha K.; Glezakou, Vassiliki-Alexandra; Koech, Phillip K.; Adint, Tyler T.; Fifield, Leonard S.; Fernandez, Carlos A.; Liu, Jian

    2016-11-22

    A system and process are disclosed for production of consolidated magnesium metal products and alloys with selected densities from magnesium-containing salts and feedstocks. The system and process employ a dialkyl magnesium compound that decomposes to produce the Mg metal product. Energy requirements and production costs are lower than for conventional processing.

  8. Preparation of magnesium metal matrix composites by powder metallurgy process

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Satish, J.; Satish, K. G., Dr.

    2018-02-01

    Magnesium is the lightest metal used as the source for constructional alloys. Today Magnesium based metal matrix composites are widely used in aerospace, structural, oceanic and automobile applications for its light weight, low density(two thirds that of aluminium), good high temperature mechanical properties and good to excellent corrosion resistance. The reason of designing metal matrix composite is to put in the attractive attributes of metals and ceramics to the base metal. In this study magnesium metal matrix hybrid composite are developed by reinforcing pure magnesium with silicon carbide (SiC) and aluminium oxide by method of powder metallurgy. This method is less expensive and very efficient. The Hardness test was performed on the specimens prepared by powder metallurgy method. The results revealed that the micro hardness of composites was increased with the addition of silicon carbide and alumina particles in magnesium metal matrix composites.

  9. Producing Magnesium Metallic Glass By Disintegrated Melt Deposition

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Shanthi, M.; Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576; Gupta, M.

    Bulk metallic glasses are new class of engineering materials that exhibit high resistance to crystallization in the under cooled liquid state. The development of bulk metallic glasses of thickness 1cm or less has opened new doors for fundamental studies of both liquid state and glass transition previously not feasible in metallic materials. Moreover, bulk metallic glasses exhibit superior hardness, strength, specific strength, and elastic strain limit, along with good corrosion and wear resistance. Thus they are potential candidates in various sports, structural, engineering and medical applications. Among several BMGs investigated, magnesium-based BMGs have attracted considerable attention because of their lowmore » density and superior mechanical properties. The major drawback of this magnesium based BMGs is poor ductility. This can be overcome by the addition of ductile particles/reinforcement to the matrix. In this study, a new technique named disintegrated melt deposition technique was used to synthesize magnesium based BMGs. Rods of different sizes are cast using the current method. Mechanical characterization studies revealed that the amorphous rods produced by the current technique showed superior mechanical properties.« less

  10. Producing Magnesium Metallic Glass By Disintegrated Melt Deposition

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shanthi, M.; Gupta, M.; Jarfors, A. E. W.; Tan, M. J.

    2011-01-01

    Bulk metallic glasses are new class of engineering materials that exhibit high resistance to crystallization in the under cooled liquid state. The development of bulk metallic glasses of thickness 1cm or less has opened new doors for fundamental studies of both liquid state and glass transition previously not feasible in metallic materials. Moreover, bulk metallic glasses exhibit superior hardness, strength, specific strength, and elastic strain limit, along with good corrosion and wear resistance. Thus they are potential candidates in various sports, structural, engineering and medical applications. Among several BMGs investigated, magnesium-based BMGs have attracted considerable attention because of their low density and superior mechanical properties. The major drawback of this magnesium based BMGs is poor ductility. This can be overcome by the addition of ductile particles/reinforcement to the matrix. In this study, a new technique named disintegrated melt deposition technique was used to synthesize magnesium based BMGs. Rods of different sizes are cast using the current method. Mechanical characterization studies revealed that the amorphous rods produced by the current technique showed superior mechanical properties.

  11. 76 FR 57021 - Magnesium Metal From the People's Republic of China: Rescission of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-15

    ... metals/mischmetal, cryolite, silica/fly ash, magnesium oxide, periclase, ferroalloys, dolomite lime, and... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-570-896] Magnesium Metal From the... initiation of an administrative review of the antidumping duty order on magnesium metal from the People's...

  12. Solid state cathode materials for secondary magnesium-ion batteries that are compatible with magnesium metal anodes in water-free electrolyte

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Crowe, Adam J.; Bartlett, Bart M., E-mail: bartmb@umich.edu

    2016-10-15

    With high elemental abundance, large volumetric capacity, and dendrite-free metal deposition, magnesium metal anodes offer promise in beyond-lithium-ion batteries. However, the increased charge density associated with the divalent magnesium-ion (Mg{sup 2+}), relative to lithium-ion (Li{sup +}) hinders the ion-insertion and extraction processes within many materials and structures known for lithium-ion cathodes. As a result, many recent investigations incorporate known amounts of water within the electrolyte to provide temporary solvation of the Mg{sup 2+}, improving diffusion kinetics. Unfortunately with the addition of water, compatibility with magnesium metal anodes disappears due to forming an ion-insulating passivating layer. In this short review, recentmore » advances in solid state cathode materials for rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries are highlighted, with a focus on cathode materials that do not require water contaminated electrolyte solutions for ion insertion and extraction processes. - Graphical abstract: In this short review, we present candidate materials for reversible Mg-battery cathodes that are compatible with magnesium metal in water-free electrolytes. The data suggest that soft, polarizable anions are required for reversible cycling.« less

  13. Crystallization and precipitation of phosphate from swine wastewater by magnesium metal corrosion.

    PubMed

    Huang, Haiming; Liu, Jiahui; Jiang, Yang

    2015-11-12

    This paper presents a unique approach for magnesium dosage in struvite precipitation by Mg metal corrosion. The experimental results showed that using an air bubbling column filled with Mg metal and graphite pellets for the magnesium dosage was the optimal operation mode, which could significantly accelerate the corrosion of the Mg metal pellets due to the presence of graphite granules. The reaction mechanism experiments revealed that the solution pH could be used as the indicator for struvite crystallization by the process. Increases in the Mg metal dosage, mass ratio of graphite and magnesium metal (G:M) and airflow rate could rapidly increase the solution pH. When all three conditions were at 10 g L(-1), 1:1 and 1 L min(-1), respectively, the phosphate recovery efficiency reached 97.5%. To achieve a high level of automation for the phosphate recovery process, a continuous-flow reactor immersed with the graphite-magnesium air bubbling column was designed to harvest the phosphate from actual swine wastewater. Under conditions of intermittently supplementing small amounts of Mg metal pellets, approximately 95% of the phosphate could be stably recovered as struvite of 95.8% (±0.5) purity. An economic analysis indicated that the process proposed was technically simple and economically feasible.

  14. Crystallization and precipitation of phosphate from swine wastewater by magnesium metal corrosion

    PubMed Central

    Huang, Haiming; Liu, Jiahui; Jiang, Yang

    2015-01-01

    This paper presents a unique approach for magnesium dosage in struvite precipitation by Mg metal corrosion. The experimental results showed that using an air bubbling column filled with Mg metal and graphite pellets for the magnesium dosage was the optimal operation mode, which could significantly accelerate the corrosion of the Mg metal pellets due to the presence of graphite granules. The reaction mechanism experiments revealed that the solution pH could be used as the indicator for struvite crystallization by the process. Increases in the Mg metal dosage, mass ratio of graphite and magnesium metal (G:M) and airflow rate could rapidly increase the solution pH. When all three conditions were at 10 g L–1, 1:1 and 1 L min–1, respectively, the phosphate recovery efficiency reached 97.5%. To achieve a high level of automation for the phosphate recovery process, a continuous-flow reactor immersed with the graphite-magnesium air bubbling column was designed to harvest the phosphate from actual swine wastewater. Under conditions of intermittently supplementing small amounts of Mg metal pellets, approximately 95% of the phosphate could be stably recovered as struvite of 95.8% (±0.5) purity. An economic analysis indicated that the process proposed was technically simple and economically feasible. PMID:26558521

  15. 75 FR 13489 - Magnesium Metal from the People's Republic of China: Extension of Time for the Preliminary...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-22

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration A-570-896 Magnesium Metal from the... order on magnesium metal from the People's Republic of China (``PRC'').\\1\\ Respondent, Tianjin Magnesium International Co., Ltd. (``TMI''), requested a review on April 27, 2009, and Petitioner, US Magnesium LLC (``US...

  16. Heated Hydro-Mechanical Deep Drawing of Magnesium Sheet Metal

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kurz, Gerrit

    In order to reduce fuel consumption efforts have been made to decrease the weight of automobile constructions by increasing the use of lightweight materials. In this field of application magnesium alloys are important because of their low density. A promising alternative to large surfaced and thin die casting parts has been found in construction parts that are manufactured by sheet metal forming of magnesium. Magnesium alloys show a limited formability at room temperature. A considerable improvement of formability can be achieved by heating the material. Formability increases above a temperature of approximately T = 225 °C.

  17. A Study on Factors Affecting the Degradation of Magnesium and a Magnesium-Yttrium Alloy for Biomedical Applications

    PubMed Central

    Johnson, Ian; Liu, Huinan

    2013-01-01

    Controlling degradation of magnesium or its alloys in physiological saline solutions is essential for their potential applications in clinically viable implants. Rapid degradation of magnesium-based materials reduces the mechanical properties of implants prematurely and severely increases alkalinity of the local environment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the effects of three interactive factors on magnesium degradation, specifically, the addition of yttrium to form a magnesium-yttrium alloy versus pure magnesium, the metallic versus oxide surfaces, and the presence versus absence of physiological salt ions in the immersion solution. In the immersion solution of phosphate buffered saline (PBS), the magnesium-yttrium alloy with metallic surface degraded the slowest, followed by pure magnesium with metallic or oxide surfaces, and the magnesium-yttrium alloy with oxide surface degraded the fastest. However, in deionized (DI) water, the degradation rate showed a different trend. Specifically, pure magnesium with metallic or oxide surfaces degraded the slowest, followed by the magnesium-yttrium alloy with oxide surface, and the magnesium-yttrium alloy with metallic surface degraded the fastest. Interestingly, only magnesium-yttrium alloy with metallic surface degraded slower in PBS than in DI water, while all the other samples degraded faster in PBS than in DI water. Clearly, the results showed that the alloy composition, presence or absence of surface oxide layer, and presence or absence of physiological salt ions in the immersion solution all influenced the degradation rate and mode. Moreover, these three factors showed statistically significant interactions. This study revealed the complex interrelationships among these factors and their respective contributions to degradation for the first time. The results of this study not only improved our understanding of magnesium degradation in physiological environment, but also presented the key

  18. Smelting Magnesium Metal using a Microwave Pidgeon Method

    PubMed Central

    Wada, Yuji; Fujii, Satoshi; Suzuki, Eiichi; Maitani, Masato M.; Tsubaki, Shuntaro; Chonan, Satoshi; Fukui, Miho; Inazu, Naomi

    2017-01-01

    Magnesium (Mg) is a lightweight metal with applications in transportation and sustainable battery technologies, but its current production through ore reduction using the conventional Pidgeon process emits large amounts of CO2 and particulate matter (PM2.5). In this work, a novel Pidgeon process driven by microwaves has been developed to produce Mg metal with less energy consumption and no direct CO2 emission. An antenna structure consisting of dolomite as the Mg source and a ferrosilicon antenna as the reducing material was used to confine microwave energy emitted from a magnetron installed in a microwave oven to produce a practical amount of pure Mg metal. This microwave Pidgeon process with an antenna configuration made it possible to produce Mg with an energy consumption of 58.6 GJ/t, corresponding to a 68.6% reduction when compared to the conventional method. PMID:28401910

  19. A study of advanced magnesium-based hydride and development of a metal hydride thermal battery system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhou, Chengshang

    Metal hydrides are a group of important materials known as energy carriers for renewable energy and thermal energy storage. A concept of thermal battery based on advanced metal hydrides is studied for heating and cooling of cabins in electric vehicles. The system utilizes a pair of thermodynamically matched metal hydrides as energy storage media. The hot hydride that is identified and developed is catalyzed MgH2 due to its high energy density and enhanced kinetics. TiV0.62Mn1.5, TiMn2, and LaNi5 alloys are selected as the matching cold hydride. A systematic experimental survey is carried out in this study to compare a wide range of additives including transitions metals, transition metal oxides, hydrides, intermetallic compounds, and carbon materials, with respect to their effects on dehydrogenation properties of MgH2. The results show that additives such as Ti and V-based metals, hydride, and certain intermetallic compounds have strong catalytic effects. Solid solution alloys of magnesium are exploited as a way to destabilize magnesium hydride thermodynamically. Various elements are alloyed with magnesium to form solid solutions, including indium and aluminum. Thermodynamic properties of the reactions between the magnesium solid solution alloys and hydrogen are investigated, showing that all the solid solution alloys that are investigated in this work have higher equilibrium hydrogen pressures than that of pure magnesium. Cyclic stability of catalyzed MgH2 is characterized and analyzed using a PCT Sievert-type apparatus. Three systems, including MgH2-TiH 2, MgH2-TiMn2, and MgH2-VTiCr, are examined. The hydrogenating and dehydrogenating kinetics at 300°C are stable after 100 cycles. However, the low temperature (25°C to 150°C) hydrogenation kinetics suffer a severe degradation during hydrogen cycling. Further experiments confirm that the low temperature kinetic degradation can be mainly related the extended hydrogenation-dehydrogenation reactions. Proof

  20. 75 FR 73045 - Magnesium Metal From the People's Republic of China: Rescission of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-29

    ... produced by recycling magnesium-based scrap into magnesium metal. The magnesium covered by this order... convenience and customs purposes, the written description of the merchandise is dispositive. Rescission of the...

  1. Magnesium stearine production via direct reaction of palm stearine and magnesium hydroxide

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pratiwi, M.; Ylitervo, P.; Pettersson, A.; Prakoso, T.; Soerawidjaja, T. H.

    2017-06-01

    The fossil oil production could not compensate with the increase of its consumption, because of this reason the renewable alternative energy source is needed to meet this requirement of this fuel. One of the methods to produce hydrocarbon is by decarboxylation of fatty acids. Vegetable oil and fats are the greatest source of fatty acids, so these can be used as raw material for biohydrocarbon production. From other researchers on their past researchs, by heating base soap from divalent metal, those metal salts will decarboxylate and produce hydrocarbon. This study investigate the process and characterization of magnesium soaps from palm stearine by Blachford method. The metal soaps are synthesized by direct reaction of palm stearine and magnesium hydroxide to produce magnesium stearine and magnesium stearine base soaps at 140-180°C and 6-10 bar for 3-6 hours. The operation process which succeed to gain metal soaps is 180°C, 10 bar, for 3-6 hours. These metal soaps are then compared with commercial magnesium stearate. Based on Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA) results, the decomposition temperature of all the metal soaps were 250°C. Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis have shown the traces of sodium sulphate for magnesium stearate commercial and magnesium hydroxide for both type of magnesium stearine soaps. The analysis results from Microwave Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (MP-AES) have shown that the magnesium content of magnesium stearine approximate with magnesium stearate commercial and lower compare with magnesium stearine base soaps. These experiments suggest that the presented saponification process method could produced metal soaps comparable with the commercial metal soaps.

  2. Susceptibility of metallic magnesium implants to bacterial biofilm infections.

    PubMed

    Rahim, Muhammad Imran; Rohde, Manfred; Rais, Bushra; Seitz, Jan-Marten; Mueller, Peter P

    2016-06-01

    Magnesium alloys have promising mechanical and biological properties as biodegradable medical implant materials for temporary applications during bone healing or as vascular stents. Whereas conventional implants are prone to colonization by treatment resistant microbial biofilms in which bacteria are embedded in a protective matrix, magnesium alloys have been reported to act antibacterial in vitro. To permit a basic assessment of antibacterial properties of implant materials in vivo an economic but robust animal model was established. Subcutaneous magnesium implants were inoculated with bacteria in a mouse model. Contrary to the expectations, bacterial activity was enhanced and prolonged in the presence of magnesium implants. Systemic antibiotic treatments were remarkably ineffective, which is a typical property of bacterial biofilms. Biofilm formation was further supported by electron microscopic analyses that revealed highly dense bacterial populations and evidence for the presence of extracellular matrix material. Bacterial agglomerates could be detected not only on the implant surface but also at a limited distance in the peri-implant tissue. Therefore, precautions may be necessary to minimize risks of metallic magnesium-containing implants in prospective clinical applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1489-1499, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  3. Biodegradable magnesium-hydroxyapatite metal matrix composites.

    PubMed

    Witte, Frank; Feyerabend, Frank; Maier, Petra; Fischer, Jens; Störmer, Michael; Blawert, Carsten; Dietzel, Wolfgang; Hort, Norbert

    2007-04-01

    Recent studies indicate that there is a high demand to design magnesium alloys with adjustable corrosion rates and suitable mechanical properties. An approach to this challenge might be the application of metal matrix composite (MMC) based on magnesium alloys. In this study, a MMC made of magnesium alloy AZ91D as a matrix and hydroxyapatite (HA) particles as reinforcements have been investigated in vitro for mechanical, corrosive and cytocompatible properties. The mechanical properties of the MMC-HA were adjustable by the choice of HA particle size and distribution. Corrosion tests revealed that HA particles stabilised the corrosion rate and exhibited more uniform corrosion attack in artificial sea water and cell solutions. The phase identification showed that all samples contained hcp-Mg, Mg(17)Al(12), and HA before and after immersion. After immersion in artificial sea water CaCO3 was found on MMC-HA surfaces, while no formation of CaCO3 was found after immersion in cell solutions with and without proteins. Co-cultivation of MMC-HA with human bone derived cells (HBDC), cells of an osteoblasts lineage (MG-63) and cells of a macrophage lineage (RAW264.7) revealed that RAW264.7, MG-63 and HBDC adhere, proliferate and survive on the corroding surfaces of MMC-HA. In summary, biodegradable MMC-HA are cytocompatible biomaterials with adjustable mechanical and corrosive properties.

  4. 48 CFR 819.602 - Procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Procedures. 819.602 Section 819.602 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Certificates of Competency and Determinations of Responsibility 819.602...

  5. 76 FR 13356 - Magnesium Metal From the People's Republic of China: Continuation of Antidumping Duty Order

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-11

    ... recycling magnesium-based scrap into magnesium metal. The magnesium covered by the order includes blends of... deposits at the rates in effect at the time of entry for all imports of subject merchandise. The effective...

  6. Electrodeposition of magnesium and magnesium/aluminum alloys

    DOEpatents

    Mayer, Anton

    1988-01-01

    Electrolytes and plating solutions for use in processes for electroplating and electroforming pure magnesium and alloys of aluminum and magnesium and also electrodeposition processes. An electrolyte of this invention is comprised of an alkali metal fluoride or a quaternary ammonium halide, dimethyl magnesium and/or diethyl magnesium, and triethyl aluminum and/or triisobutyl aluminum. An electrolyte may be dissolved in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent to form a plating solution. The proportions of the component compounds in the electrolyte are varied to produce essentially pure magnesium or magnesium/aluminum alloys having varying selected compositions.

  7. Electrodeposition of magnesium and magnesium/aluminum alloys

    DOEpatents

    Mayer, A.

    1988-01-21

    Electrolytes and plating solutions for use in processes for electroplating and electroforming pure magnesium and alloys of aluminum and magnesium and also electrodeposition processes. An electrolyte of this invention is comprised of an alkali metal fluoride or a quaternary ammonium halide, dimethyl magnesium and/or diethyl magnesium, and triethyl aluminum and/or triisobutyl aluminum. An electrolyte may be dissolved in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent to form a plating solution. The proportions of the component compounds in the electrolyte are varied to produce essentially pure magnesium or magnesium/aluminum alloys having varying selected compositions.

  8. 32 CFR 700.819 - Records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Records. 700.819 Section 700.819 National... OFFICIAL RECORDS UNITED STATES NAVY REGULATIONS AND OFFICIAL RECORDS The Commanding Officer Commanding Officers in General § 700.819 Records. The commanding officer shall require that records relative to...

  9. 32 CFR 700.819 - Records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Records. 700.819 Section 700.819 National... OFFICIAL RECORDS UNITED STATES NAVY REGULATIONS AND OFFICIAL RECORDS The Commanding Officer Commanding Officers in General § 700.819 Records. The commanding officer shall require that records relative to...

  10. 32 CFR 700.819 - Records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Records. 700.819 Section 700.819 National... OFFICIAL RECORDS UNITED STATES NAVY REGULATIONS AND OFFICIAL RECORDS The Commanding Officer Commanding Officers in General § 700.819 Records. The commanding officer shall require that records relative to...

  11. 32 CFR 700.819 - Records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Records. 700.819 Section 700.819 National... OFFICIAL RECORDS UNITED STATES NAVY REGULATIONS AND OFFICIAL RECORDS The Commanding Officer Commanding Officers in General § 700.819 Records. The commanding officer shall require that records relative to...

  12. 32 CFR 700.819 - Records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Records. 700.819 Section 700.819 National... OFFICIAL RECORDS UNITED STATES NAVY REGULATIONS AND OFFICIAL RECORDS The Commanding Officer Commanding Officers in General § 700.819 Records. The commanding officer shall require that records relative to...

  13. The influence of magnesium supplementation on concentrations of chosen bioelements and toxic metals in adult human hair. Magnesium and chosen bioelements in hair.

    PubMed

    Kozielec, Tadeusz; Sałacka, Anna; Karakiewicz, Beata

    2004-09-01

    The basic functions of bioelements in biological systems is widely known. Depletion of bioelements and excess of toxic elements lead to impairment of metabolism in the living organism. The existence of magnesium deficiencies in the adult and pediatric populations may cause increased accumulation of toxic metals including lead and cadmium. Prevention of adverse effects of toxic metals may include supplementation with some bioelements and vitamins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of magnesium supplementation on concentrations of chosen bioelements and toxic metals in hair in the adult human population. The research was performed on 124 individuals (53 males and 71 females aged 19-72 years), inhabitants of the city of Szczecin. The concentrations of magnesium, zinc, copper, lead and cadmium were studied in hair. Measurements were performed using the inversion volt-amperometry method with application of an EDD-Tribo PC ETP volt-amperometer. Finally, the supplementation study enrolled 65 individuals with an increased concentration of lead. The studied individuals were divided into two groups: one treated group that enrolled 50 patients who were supplemented with magnesium and the control group that enrolled 15 persons receiving placebo. Finally, supplementation was completed by 32 individuals from the treated group and 10 individuals from the control group. Supplementation was performed using Slow-Mag-B6 preparation at the total daily dose of five tablets divided into 2-3 doses. One tablet contains 535 mg of magnesium chloride i.e. 64 mg of magnesium ions (5.26 mEgMg2) and 5 mg of vitamin B6. Supplementation was performed for a period of 3 months. The remaining individuals did not complete the supplementation due to various reasons; however, none of them resulted from the poor tolerance of the preparation or its adverse events. The results achieved underwent statistical analysis. The results of the study revealed a positive influence of

  14. The history of biodegradable magnesium implants: a review.

    PubMed

    Witte, Frank

    2010-05-01

    Today, more than 200years after the first production of metallic magnesium by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808, biodegradable magnesium-based metal implants are currently breaking the paradigm in biomaterial science to develop only highly corrosion resistant metals. This groundbreaking approach to temporary metallic implants is one of the latest developments in biomaterials science that is being rediscovered. It is a challenging topic, and several secrets still remain that might revolutionize various biomedical implants currently in clinical use. Magnesium alloys were investigated as implant materials long ago. A very early clinical report was given in 1878 by the physician Edward C. Huse. He used magnesium wires as ligature for bleeding vessels. Magnesium alloys for clinical use were explored during the last two centuries mainly by surgeons with various clinical backgrounds, such as cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and general surgery. Nearly all patients benefited from the treatment with magnesium implants. Although most patients experienced subcutaneous gas cavities caused by rapid implant corrosion, most patients had no pain and almost no infections were observed during the postoperative follow-up. This review critically summarizes the in vitro and in vivo knowledge and experience that has been reported on the use of magnesium and its alloys to advance the field of biodegradable metals. Copyright (c) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. 21 CFR 821.50 - Availability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Availability. 821.50 Section 821.50 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES MEDICAL DEVICE TRACKING REQUIREMENTS Records and Inspections § 821.50 Availability. (a) Manufacturers...

  16. 21 CFR 821.50 - Availability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Availability. 821.50 Section 821.50 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES MEDICAL DEVICE TRACKING REQUIREMENTS Records and Inspections § 821.50 Availability. (a) Manufacturers...

  17. 75 FR 56989 - Magnesium Metal From the Russian Federation: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-17

    ... produced by recycling magnesium-based scrap into magnesium metal. The magnesium covered by the order... to liquidate any entries from the no-shipment company at the deposit rate in effect on the date of... requirements shall remain in effect until further notice. Notification to Importers This notice serves as a...

  18. 49 CFR 821.14 - Motions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Motions. 821.14 Section 821.14 Transportation..., and Appeals From Law Judges Initial Decisions and Appealable Orders § 821.14 Motions. (a) General. Any... shall be by motion. Prior to the assignment of the proceeding to a law judge, all motions shall be...

  19. 49 CFR 821.14 - Motions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Motions. 821.14 Section 821.14 Transportation..., and Appeals From Law Judges Initial Decisions and Appealable Orders § 821.14 Motions. (a) General. Any... shall be by motion. Prior to the assignment of the proceeding to a law judge, all motions shall be...

  20. Magnesium based degradable biomaterials: A review

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gu, Xue-Nan; Li, Shuang-Shuang; Li, Xiao-Ming; Fan, Yu-Bo

    2014-09-01

    Magnesium has been suggested as a revolutionary biodegradable metal for biomedical applications. The corrosion of magnesium, however, is too rapid to match the rates of tissue healing and, additionally, exhibits the localized corrosion mechanism. Thus it is necessary to control the corrosion behaviors of magnesium for their practical use. This paper comprehensively reviews the research progress on the development of representative magnesium based alloys, including Mg-Ca, Mg-Sr, Mg-Zn and Mg-REE alloy systems as well as the bulk metallic glass. The influence of alloying element on their microstructures, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviors is summarized. The mechanical and corrosion properties of wrought magnesium alloys are also discussed in comparison with those of cast alloys. Furthermore, this review also covers research carried out in the field of the degradable coatings on magnesium alloys for biomedical applications. Calcium phosphate and biodegradable polymer coatings are discussed based on different preparation techniques used. We also compare the effect of different coatings on the corrosion behaviors of magnesium alloys substrate.

  1. 49 CFR 178.819 - Vibration test.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Vibration test. 178.819 Section 178.819... Testing of IBCs § 178.819 Vibration test. (a) General. The vibration test must be conducted for the... vibration test. (b) Test method. (1) A sample IBC, selected at random, must be filled and closed as for...

  2. 48 CFR 819.7112 - Internal controls.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Internal controls. 819.7112 Section 819.7112 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7112 Internal controls. (a) OSDBU will oversee the Program and will work...

  3. Metal pollutants and bioelements: retrospective of interactions between magnesium and toxic metals.

    PubMed

    Soldatovic, Danilo; Matovic, Vesna; Vujanovic, Dragana; Guiet-Bara, Andrée; Bara, Michel; Durlach, Jean

    2002-03-01

    Protection from heavy metals is a problem that has not been solved in a satisfactory manner so far. Usage of complexing agents in therapy of exposed workers results in both favorable outcome and recognized adverse effects. In the field of environmental protection, they cannot be used in practice, meaning that the risk of escape of metal pollutant from factory premises and their attack on the environnement remains present. The age of chemistry ('Chemistry, key to better living') has led to potent development of industry producing, at the same time, major problems induced by diffusion of metal pollutants, the nightmare of our times, like Camus' 'Plague'. According to the available results, it remains to be answered whether magnesium may influence this important problem, i.e. is this approaches the issue justifiable?

  4. 49 CFR 821.40 - Record.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Record. 821.40 Section 821.40 Transportation Other... AIR SAFETY PROCEEDINGS Hearing § 821.40 Record. The transcript of testimony and exhibits, together... the exclusive record of the proceeding. Copies of the transcript may be obtained by any party upon...

  5. 49 CFR 821.40 - Record.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Record. 821.40 Section 821.40 Transportation Other... AIR SAFETY PROCEEDINGS Hearing § 821.40 Record. The transcript of testimony and exhibits, together... the exclusive record of the proceeding. Copies of the transcript may be obtained by any party upon...

  6. 49 CFR 821.40 - Record.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Record. 821.40 Section 821.40 Transportation Other... AIR SAFETY PROCEEDINGS Hearing § 821.40 Record. The transcript of testimony and exhibits, together... the exclusive record of the proceeding. Copies of the transcript may be obtained by any party upon...

  7. 49 CFR 821.40 - Record.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Record. 821.40 Section 821.40 Transportation Other... AIR SAFETY PROCEEDINGS Hearing § 821.40 Record. The transcript of testimony and exhibits, together... the exclusive record of the proceeding. Copies of the transcript may be obtained by any party upon...

  8. 43 CFR 4.821 - Motions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... on motions will be at the discretion of the administrative law judge. ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Motions. 4.821 Section 4.821 Public Lands... Interior-Effectuation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Procedures § 4.821 Motions. Motions and...

  9. 43 CFR 4.821 - Motions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... on motions will be at the discretion of the administrative law judge. ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Motions. 4.821 Section 4.821 Public Lands... Interior-Effectuation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Procedures § 4.821 Motions. Motions and...

  10. 43 CFR 4.821 - Motions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... on motions will be at the discretion of the administrative law judge. ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Motions. 4.821 Section 4.821 Public Lands... Interior-Effectuation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Procedures § 4.821 Motions. Motions and...

  11. 43 CFR 4.821 - Motions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... on motions will be at the discretion of the administrative law judge. ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Motions. 4.821 Section 4.821 Public Lands... Interior-Effectuation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Procedures § 4.821 Motions. Motions and...

  12. 43 CFR 4.821 - Motions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... on motions will be at the discretion of the administrative law judge. ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Motions. 4.821 Section 4.821 Public Lands... Interior-Effectuation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Procedures § 4.821 Motions. Motions and...

  13. 31 CFR 82.1 - Prohibitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Prohibitions. 82.1 Section 82.1 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance 5-CENT AND ONE-CENT COIN REGULATIONS § 82.1 Prohibitions. Except as specifically authorized by the Secretary of the Treasury (or designee...

  14. 49 CFR 821.60 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definitions. 821.60 Section 821.60 Transportation... PRACTICE IN AIR SAFETY PROCEEDINGS Ex Parte Communications § 821.60 Definitions. As used in this subpart... notice to all parties is not given, but does not include requests for status reports on any matter or...

  15. 49 CFR 821.60 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Definitions. 821.60 Section 821.60 Transportation... PRACTICE IN AIR SAFETY PROCEEDINGS Ex Parte Communications § 821.60 Definitions. As used in this subpart... notice to all parties is not given, but does not include requests for status reports on any matter or...

  16. 49 CFR 821.60 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Definitions. 821.60 Section 821.60 Transportation... PRACTICE IN AIR SAFETY PROCEEDINGS Ex Parte Communications § 821.60 Definitions. As used in this subpart... notice to all parties is not given, but does not include requests for status reports on any matter or...

  17. 49 CFR 821.60 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Definitions. 821.60 Section 821.60 Transportation... PRACTICE IN AIR SAFETY PROCEEDINGS Ex Parte Communications § 821.60 Definitions. As used in this subpart... notice to all parties is not given, but does not include requests for status reports on any matter or...

  18. 31 CFR 82.1 - Prohibitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Prohibitions. 82.1 Section 82.1 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance MONETARY OFFICES, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 5-CENT AND ONE-CENT COIN REGULATIONS § 82.1 Prohibitions. Except as specifically authorized by the...

  19. 31 CFR 82.1 - Prohibitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Prohibitions. 82.1 Section 82.1 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance MONETARY OFFICES, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 5-CENT AND ONE-CENT COIN REGULATIONS § 82.1 Prohibitions. Except as specifically authorized by the...

  20. 75 FR 50992 - Magnesium Metal from the People's Republic of China: Extension of Time for the Final Results of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-18

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-570-896] Magnesium Metal from the People's Republic of China: Extension of Time for the Final Results of the Antidumping Duty... administrative review for the period April 1, 2008, to March 31, 2009. See Magnesium Metal from the People's...

  1. 46 CFR 169.821 - Patrol person.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Patrol person. 169.821 Section 169.821 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Operations § 169.821 Patrol person. (a) The master shall designate a member of the ship's company to be a roving...

  2. 46 CFR 169.821 - Patrol person.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Patrol person. 169.821 Section 169.821 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Operations § 169.821 Patrol person. (a) The master shall designate a member of the ship's company to be a roving...

  3. Magnesium Levels in Drinking Water and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Risk: A Meta-Analysis.

    PubMed

    Jiang, Lei; He, Pengcheng; Chen, Jiyan; Liu, Yong; Liu, Dehui; Qin, Genggeng; Tan, Ning

    2016-01-02

    Epidemiological studies have demonstrated inconsistent associations between drinking water magnesium levels and risk of mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD); thus, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between them. Relevant studies were searched by the databases of Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Knowledge. Pooled relative risks (RR) with their 95% CI were calculated to assess this association using a random-effects model. Finally, nine articles with 10 studies involving 77,821 CHD cases were used in this study. Our results revealed an inverse association between drinking water magnesium level and CHD mortality (RR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.79-0.99, I² = 70.6). Nine of the 10 studies came from Europe, and the association was significant between drinking water magnesium level and the risk of CHD mortality (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.69-0.98). In conclusion, drinking water magnesium level was significantly inversely associated with CHD mortality.

  4. Magnesium Levels in Drinking Water and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Risk: A Meta-Analysis

    PubMed Central

    Jiang, Lei; He, Pengcheng; Chen, Jiyan; Liu, Yong; Liu, Dehui; Qin, Genggeng; Tan, Ning

    2016-01-01

    Epidemiological studies have demonstrated inconsistent associations between drinking water magnesium levels and risk of mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD); thus, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between them. Relevant studies were searched by the databases of Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Knowledge. Pooled relative risks (RR) with their 95% CI were calculated to assess this association using a random-effects model. Finally, nine articles with 10 studies involving 77,821 CHD cases were used in this study. Our results revealed an inverse association between drinking water magnesium level and CHD mortality (RR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.79–0.99, I2 = 70.6). Nine of the 10 studies came from Europe, and the association was significant between drinking water magnesium level and the risk of CHD mortality (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.69–0.98). In conclusion, drinking water magnesium level was significantly inversely associated with CHD mortality. PMID:26729158

  5. 76 FR 13355 - Magnesium Metal From the Russian Federation: Notice of Court Decision Not in Harmony With Final...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-11

    ... Russian Federation: Notice of Court Decision Not in Harmony With Final Results of Administrative Review... antidumping duty order on magnesium metal from the Russian Federation covering the period of review April 1... administrative review of the antidumping duty order on magnesium metal from the Russian Federation for the period...

  6. 76 FR 56396 - Magnesium Metal from the Russian Federation: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-13

    ... produced by decomposing raw materials into magnesium metal. Secondary magnesium is produced by recycling... provided for convenience and customs purposes, the written description of the merchandise covered by the... such sales for purposes of calculating a dumping margin in this administrative review. See Preliminary...

  7. 48 CFR 819.800 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false General. 819.800 Section 819.800 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS... by paragraph (a) of this section is received, the VA contracting officer will secure from SBA the...

  8. 48 CFR 819.800 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false General. 819.800 Section 819.800 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS... by paragraph (a) of this section is received, the VA contracting officer will secure from SBA the...

  9. 48 CFR 819.800 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false General. 819.800 Section 819.800 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS... by paragraph (a) of this section is received, the VA contracting officer will secure from SBA the...

  10. 48 CFR 819.800 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false General. 819.800 Section 819.800 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS... by paragraph (a) of this section is received, the VA contracting officer will secure from SBA the...

  11. 48 CFR 819.800 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false General. 819.800 Section 819.800 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS... by paragraph (a) of this section is received, the VA contracting officer will secure from SBA the...

  12. 34 CFR 81.9 - Location of proceedings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Location of proceedings. 81.9 Section 81.9 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education GENERAL EDUCATION PROVISIONS ACT-ENFORCEMENT General Provisions § 81.9 Location of proceedings. (a) An ALJ may hold conferences of the parties in person or by...

  13. 48 CFR 819.7002 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Applicability. 819.7002 Section 819.7002 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned and Veteran-Owned Small Business...

  14. 48 CFR 819.7002 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Applicability. 819.7002 Section 819.7002 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned and Veteran-Owned Small Business...

  15. Effect of surface treatment on the corrosion properties of magnesium-based fibre metal laminate

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, X.; Zhang, Y.; Ma, Q. Y.; Dai, Y.; Hu, F. P.; Wei, G. B.; Xu, T. C.; Zeng, Q. W.; Wang, S. Z.; Xie, W. D.

    2017-02-01

    The surface roughness, weight of phosphating film and wettability of magnesium alloy substrates after abrasion and phosphating treatment were investigated in this work. The interfacial bonding and corrosion properties of a magnesium-based fibre metal laminate (MgFML) were analysed. The results showed that the wettability of the magnesium alloy was greatly influenced by the surface roughness, and the rough surface possessed a larger surface energy and better wettability. The surface energy and wettability of the magnesium alloy were significantly improved by the phosphating treatment. After phosphating for 5 min, a phosphating film with a double-layer structure was formed on the magnesium substrate, and the weight of the phosphating film and the surface energy reached their maximum values. The surface energies of the phosphated substrate after abrasion with #120 and #3000 grit abrasive papers were 84.31 mJ/m2 and 83.65 mJ/m2, respectively. The wettability of the phosphated magnesium was significantly better than the abraded magnesium. The phosphated AZ31B sheet had a better corrosion resistance than the abraded AZ31B sheet within short times. The corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy was greatly increased by being composited with glass fibre/epoxy prepregs.

  16. 42 CFR 493.821 - Condition: Microbiology.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Condition: Microbiology. 493.821 Section 493.821 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... These Tests § 493.821 Condition: Microbiology. The specialty of microbiology includes, for purposes of...

  17. 42 CFR 493.821 - Condition: Microbiology.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Condition: Microbiology. 493.821 Section 493.821 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... These Tests § 493.821 Condition: Microbiology. The specialty of microbiology includes, for purposes of...

  18. 42 CFR 493.821 - Condition: Microbiology.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Condition: Microbiology. 493.821 Section 493.821 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... These Tests § 493.821 Condition: Microbiology. The specialty of microbiology includes, for purposes of...

  19. 42 CFR 493.821 - Condition: Microbiology.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Condition: Microbiology. 493.821 Section 493.821 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... These Tests § 493.821 Condition: Microbiology. The specialty of microbiology includes, for purposes of...

  20. 42 CFR 493.821 - Condition: Microbiology.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Condition: Microbiology. 493.821 Section 493.821 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... These Tests § 493.821 Condition: Microbiology. The specialty of microbiology includes, for purposes of...

  1. 78 FR 27185 - Magnesium Metal From the People's Republic of China: Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-09

    ... People's Republic of China: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review; 2011-2012 AGENCY... of China (``PRC''), in which it found that the one respondent company, Tianjin Magnesium... subject merchandise during the POR. \\1\\ See Magnesium Metal from the People's Republic of China...

  2. 30 CFR 819.11 - Auger mining: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Auger mining: General. 819.11 Section 819.11 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PERMANENT PROGRAM PERFORMANCE STANDARDS SPECIAL PERMANENT PROGRAM PERFORMANCE STANDARDS-AUGER MINING § 819...

  3. 30 CFR 819.11 - Auger mining: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Auger mining: General. 819.11 Section 819.11 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PERMANENT PROGRAM PERFORMANCE STANDARDS SPECIAL PERMANENT PROGRAM PERFORMANCE STANDARDS-AUGER MINING § 819...

  4. 21 CFR 821.4 - Imported devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Imported devices. 821.4 Section 821.4 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES MEDICAL DEVICE TRACKING REQUIREMENTS General Provisions § 821.4 Imported devices. For purposes of this...

  5. 21 CFR 821.4 - Imported devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Imported devices. 821.4 Section 821.4 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES MEDICAL DEVICE TRACKING REQUIREMENTS General Provisions § 821.4 Imported devices. For purposes of this...

  6. 50 CFR 81.9 - Assurances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Assurances. 81.9 Section 81.9 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (CONTINUED) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE-WILDLIFE SPORT FISH RESTORATION PROGRAM CONSERVATION OF ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES OF FISH...

  7. The Corrosion of Magnesium and of the Magnesium Aluminum Alloys Containing Manganese

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Boyer, J A

    1927-01-01

    The extensive use of magnesium and its alloys in aircraft has been seriously handicapped by the uncertainties surrounding their resistance to corrosion. This problem has been given intense study by the American Magnesium Corporation and at the request of the Subcommittee on Materials for Aircraft of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics this report was prepared on the corrosion of magnesium. The tentative conclusions drawn from the experimental facts of this investigation are as follows: the overvoltage of pure magnesium is quite high. On immersion in salt water the metal corrodes with the liberation of hydrogen until the film of corrosion product lowers the potential to a critical value. When the potential reaches this value it no longer exceeds the theoretical hydrogen potential plus the overvoltage of the metal. Rapid corrosion consequently ceases. When aluminum is added, especially when in large amounts, the overvoltage is decreased and hydrogen plates out at a much lower potential than with pure magnesium. The addition of small amount of manganese raises the overvoltage back to practically that of pure metal, and the film is again negative.

  8. 48 CFR 819.7113 - Reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Reports. 819.7113 Section... SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7113 Reports. (a) Mentor and protégé entities shall submit to VA's OSDBU bi-annual reports on progress under the Mentor-Protégé Agreement. VA will...

  9. 48 CFR 819.7113 - Reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Reports. 819.7113 Section... SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7113 Reports. (a) Mentor and protégé entities shall submit to VA's OSDBU bi-annual reports on progress under the Mentor-Protégé Agreement. VA will...

  10. 48 CFR 819.7113 - Reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Reports. 819.7113 Section... SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7113 Reports. (a) Mentor and protégé entities shall submit to VA's OSDBU bi-annual reports on progress under the Mentor-Protégé Agreement. VA will...

  11. 48 CFR 819.202-70 - HCA responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false HCA responsibilities. 819.202-70 Section 819.202-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 819.202-70 HCA responsibilities. An HCA must perform the following functions in support of the...

  12. 48 CFR 819.202-70 - HCA responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false HCA responsibilities. 819.202-70 Section 819.202-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 819.202-70 HCA responsibilities. An HCA must perform the following functions in support of the...

  13. 48 CFR 819.202-70 - HCA responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false HCA responsibilities. 819.202-70 Section 819.202-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 819.202-70 HCA responsibilities. An HCA must perform the following functions in support of the...

  14. 48 CFR 819.202-70 - HCA responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false HCA responsibilities. 819.202-70 Section 819.202-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 819.202-70 HCA responsibilities. An HCA must perform the following functions in support of the...

  15. 48 CFR 819.202-70 - HCA responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false HCA responsibilities. 819.202-70 Section 819.202-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 819.202-70 HCA responsibilities. An HCA must perform the following functions in support of the...

  16. 12 CFR 608.821 - Collection by offset.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Collection by offset. 608.821 Section 608.821 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS COLLECTION OF CLAIMS OWED THE UNITED STATES Administrative Offset § 608.821 Collection by offset. (a) Collection of a debt by administrative [or salary] offset shall be...

  17. 49 CFR 821.49 - Issues on appeal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Issues on appeal. 821.49 Section 821.49... RULES OF PRACTICE IN AIR SAFETY PROCEEDINGS Appeal From Initial Decision § 821.49 Issues on appeal. (a) On appeal, the Board will consider only the following issues: (1) Are the findings of fact each...

  18. Casting of weldable graphite/magnesium metal matrix composites with built-in metallic inserts

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lee, Jonathan A.; Kashalikar, Uday; Majkowski, Patricia

    1994-01-01

    Technology innovations directed at the advanced development of a potentially low cost and weldable graphite/magnesium metal matrix composites (MMC) through near net shape pressure casting are described. These MMC components uniquely have built-in metallic inserts to provide an innovative approach for joining or connecting other MMC components through conventional joining techniques such as welding, brazing, mechanical fasteners, etc. Moreover, the metallic inserts trapped within the MMC components can be made to transfer the imposed load efficiently to the continuous graphite fiber reinforcement thus producing stronger, stiffer, and more reliable MMC components. The use of low pressure near net shape casting is economical compared to other MMC fabrication processes. These castable and potentially weldable MMC components can provide great payoffs in terms of high strength, high stiffness, low thermal expansion, lightweight, and easily joinable MMC components for several future NASA space structural, industrial, and commercial applications.

  19. Investigation of Coating and Corrosion Mitigation Strategies in Magnesium/Mixed Metal Assemblies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Forsmark, Joy H.; McCune, Robert C.; Giles, Terry; Audette, Michelle; Snowden, Jasmine; Stalker, Jeff; Morey, Matthew; O'Keefe, Matt; Castano, Carlos

    The US Automotive Materials Partnership through the Magnesium-Intensive Front End Development Project (MFERD) is currently investigating a number of joining, coating and corrosion mitigation strategies to incorporate magnesium components into the automotive body-in-white with the ultimate goal of decreasing vehicle curb weight, thus improving fuel economy. Because Mg is anodic to all other structural metals, this is a key hurdle to Mg component implementation in vehicles. This paper will discuss the results of a study to examine the effectiveness of different corrosion mitigation strategies in joined plate assemblies and provide some insight into the systems challenges of incorporation of Mg parts into a vehicle. Details of a statistically-designed experiment developed to explore the interaction of several materials of construction (magnesium, steel and aluminum), pretreatment and topcoatings, joining methods and standardized test protocols including SAE J-2334 and ASTM B-117 are discussed. A number of avenues have emerged from this study as potential strategies for corrosion mitigation.

  20. 25 CFR 81.9 - Voting districts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Voting districts. 81.9 Section 81.9 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TRIBAL GOVERNMENT TRIBAL REORGANIZATION UNDER A FEDERAL... elections in the tribal constitution or by tribal election ordinance or resolution; and (b) in the election...

  1. 49 CFR 178.819 - Vibration test.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Vibration test. 178.819 Section 178.819... Vibration test. (a) General. The vibration test must be conducted for the qualification of all rigid IBC design types. Flexible IBC design types must be capable of withstanding the vibration test. (b) Test...

  2. 49 CFR 178.819 - Vibration test.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Vibration test. 178.819 Section 178.819... Vibration test. (a) General. The vibration test must be conducted for the qualification of all rigid IBC design types. Flexible IBC design types must be capable of withstanding the vibration test. (b) Test...

  3. 49 CFR 178.819 - Vibration test.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Vibration test. 178.819 Section 178.819... Vibration test. (a) General. The vibration test must be conducted for the qualification of all rigid IBC design types. Flexible IBC design types must be capable of withstanding the vibration test. (b) Test...

  4. 49 CFR 178.819 - Vibration test.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Vibration test. 178.819 Section 178.819... Vibration test. (a) General. The vibration test must be conducted for the qualification of all rigid IBC design types. Flexible IBC design types must be capable of withstanding the vibration test. (b) Test...

  5. 48 CFR 819.7112 - Internal controls.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Internal controls. 819... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7112 Internal controls. (a) OSDBU... Program objectives. OSDBU will establish internal controls as checks and balances applicable to the...

  6. 48 CFR 819.7112 - Internal controls.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Internal controls. 819... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7112 Internal controls. (a) OSDBU... Program objectives. OSDBU will establish internal controls as checks and balances applicable to the...

  7. 48 CFR 819.7112 - Internal controls.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Internal controls. 819... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7112 Internal controls. (a) OSDBU... Program objectives. OSDBU will establish internal controls as checks and balances applicable to the...

  8. 48 CFR 819.7112 - Internal controls.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Internal controls. 819... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7112 Internal controls. (a) OSDBU... Program objectives. OSDBU will establish internal controls as checks and balances applicable to the...

  9. 21 CFR 821.1 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... is intended to be implanted in the human body for more than 1 year; or the device is a life... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Scope. 821.1 Section 821.1 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES MEDICAL DEVICE...

  10. 21 CFR 821.1 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... is intended to be implanted in the human body for more than 1 year; or the device is a life... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Scope. 821.1 Section 821.1 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES MEDICAL DEVICE...

  11. 21 CFR 821.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Definitions. 821.3 Section 821.3 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES... terms apply to this part: (a) Act means the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. 321 et seq...

  12. 21 CFR 821.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Definitions. 821.3 Section 821.3 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES... terms apply to this part: (a) Act means the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. 321 et seq...

  13. 21 CFR 821.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Definitions. 821.3 Section 821.3 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES... terms apply to this part: (a) Act means the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. 321 et seq...

  14. Magnesium-antimony liquid metal battery for stationary energy storage.

    PubMed

    Bradwell, David J; Kim, Hojong; Sirk, Aislinn H C; Sadoway, Donald R

    2012-02-01

    Batteries are an attractive option for grid-scale energy storage applications because of their small footprint and flexible siting. A high-temperature (700 °C) magnesium-antimony (Mg||Sb) liquid metal battery comprising a negative electrode of Mg, a molten salt electrolyte (MgCl(2)-KCl-NaCl), and a positive electrode of Sb is proposed and characterized. Because of the immiscibility of the contiguous salt and metal phases, they stratify by density into three distinct layers. Cells were cycled at rates ranging from 50 to 200 mA/cm(2) and demonstrated up to 69% DC-DC energy efficiency. The self-segregating nature of the battery components and the use of low-cost materials results in a promising technology for stationary energy storage applications. © 2012 American Chemical Society

  15. 21 CFR 821.60 - Retention of records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Retention of records. 821.60 Section 821.60 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES MEDICAL DEVICE TRACKING REQUIREMENTS Records and Inspections § 821.60 Retention of records...

  16. Characterization of LHY-821, a novel moderately differentiated endometrial carcinoma cell line.

    PubMed

    Hu, Qian; Yu, Li; Chen, Rui; Zhang, Yan; Xie, Ya; Liao, Qinping

    2012-08-01

    Endometrial cancer is a major problem for women but only a small number of comprehensively characterized cell models are available for studies. Here, we established a new cell line derived from a Stage IIIc(1) Grade 2 endometrial adenocarcinoma. The cell line, designated LHY-821, was characterized using growth curve, karyotyping, immunohistochemical staining, immunoblotting, drug sensitivity assay, invasion assay, and xenografting in nude mice. LHY-821 has a doubling time of about 46 h and a colony-forming efficiency of approximately 71 %. These cells expresse high levels of progesterone receptor but not estrogen receptor and are sensitive to medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). LHY-821 also expresses pan-cytokeratin, PTEN, p53, β-catenin, IGF-1, and IGF-2. In addition, karyotype analysis revealed that LHY-821 possessed a near diploid karyotype including 6q-, 10p-, Xq-, 13q+, 17p+, and Triplo-12. LHY-821 showed highly tumorigenicity in nude mice (100 %) and weak invasiveness. Chemosensitivity tests showed that LHY-821 was sensitive to both carboplatin and paclitaxel. LHY-821 is an immortalized cell line which had survived more than 80 serial passages; it may provide a novel tool to study the molecular mechanism and potential treatment for endometrial cancer.

  17. 49 CFR 236.821 - Switch, sectionalizing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Switch, sectionalizing. 236.821 Section 236.821 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Switch, sectionalizing. A switch for disconnecting a section of a power line from the source of energy. ...

  18. 49 CFR 236.821 - Switch, sectionalizing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Switch, sectionalizing. 236.821 Section 236.821 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Switch, sectionalizing. A switch for disconnecting a section of a power line from the source of energy. ...

  19. 49 CFR 236.821 - Switch, sectionalizing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Switch, sectionalizing. 236.821 Section 236.821 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Switch, sectionalizing. A switch for disconnecting a section of a power line from the source of energy. ...

  20. 49 CFR 236.821 - Switch, sectionalizing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Switch, sectionalizing. 236.821 Section 236.821 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Switch, sectionalizing. A switch for disconnecting a section of a power line from the source of energy. ...

  1. 49 CFR 236.821 - Switch, sectionalizing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Switch, sectionalizing. 236.821 Section 236.821 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Switch, sectionalizing. A switch for disconnecting a section of a power line from the source of energy. ...

  2. 42 CFR 8.21 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Applicability. 8.21 Section 8.21 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS CERTIFICATION OF OPIOID TREATMENT PROGRAMS Procedures for Review of Suspension or Proposed Revocation of OTP Certification, and of...

  3. 42 CFR 8.21 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Applicability. 8.21 Section 8.21 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS CERTIFICATION OF OPIOID TREATMENT PROGRAMS Procedures for Review of Suspension or Proposed Revocation of OTP Certification, and of...

  4. 42 CFR 8.21 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Applicability. 8.21 Section 8.21 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS CERTIFICATION OF OPIOID TREATMENT PROGRAMS Procedures for Review of Suspension or Proposed Revocation of OTP Certification, and of...

  5. 30 CFR 819.17 - Auger mining: Subsidence protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Auger mining: Subsidence protection. 819.17 Section 819.17 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE... MINING § 819.17 Auger mining: Subsidence protection. Auger mining shall be conducted in accordance with...

  6. 30 CFR 819.17 - Auger mining: Subsidence protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Auger mining: Subsidence protection. 819.17 Section 819.17 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE... MINING § 819.17 Auger mining: Subsidence protection. Auger mining shall be conducted in accordance with...

  7. 26 CFR 1.819-2 - Foreign life insurance companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Foreign life insurance companies. 1.819-2... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Miscellaneous Provisions § 1.819-2 Foreign life insurance companies. (a) Carrying on United States insurance business. Section 819(a) provides that a foreign life...

  8. 26 CFR 1.819-2 - Foreign life insurance companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Foreign life insurance companies. 1.819-2... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Miscellaneous Provisions § 1.819-2 Foreign life insurance companies. (a) Carrying on United States insurance business. Section 819(a) provides that a foreign life insurance company...

  9. 49 CFR 236.819 - Switch, hand operated.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Switch, hand operated. 236.819 Section 236.819 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Switch, hand operated. A non-interlocked switch which can only be operated manually. ...

  10. 49 CFR 236.819 - Switch, hand operated.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Switch, hand operated. 236.819 Section 236.819 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Switch, hand operated. A non-interlocked switch which can only be operated manually. ...

  11. 49 CFR 236.819 - Switch, hand operated.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Switch, hand operated. 236.819 Section 236.819 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Switch, hand operated. A non-interlocked switch which can only be operated manually. ...

  12. 49 CFR 236.819 - Switch, hand operated.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Switch, hand operated. 236.819 Section 236.819 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Switch, hand operated. A non-interlocked switch which can only be operated manually. ...

  13. 49 CFR 236.819 - Switch, hand operated.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Switch, hand operated. 236.819 Section 236.819 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Switch, hand operated. A non-interlocked switch which can only be operated manually. ...

  14. 46 CFR 169.819 - Manning of lifeboats and liferafts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Manning of lifeboats and liferafts. 169.819 Section 169.819 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Operations § 169.819 Manning of lifeboats and liferafts. (a) The provisions of this section shall...

  15. 46 CFR 169.819 - Manning of lifeboats and liferafts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Manning of lifeboats and liferafts. 169.819 Section 169.819 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Operations § 169.819 Manning of lifeboats and liferafts. (a) The provisions of this section shall...

  16. 46 CFR 169.819 - Manning of lifeboats and liferafts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Manning of lifeboats and liferafts. 169.819 Section 169.819 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Operations § 169.819 Manning of lifeboats and liferafts. (a) The provisions of this section shall...

  17. 46 CFR 169.819 - Manning of lifeboats and liferafts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Manning of lifeboats and liferafts. 169.819 Section 169.819 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Operations § 169.819 Manning of lifeboats and liferafts. (a) The provisions of this section shall...

  18. 48 CFR 819.201 - General policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false General policy. 819.201 Section 819.201 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC... Secretary may decrease other status-specific small business goals set forth by section 15(g)(1) of the Small...

  19. 30 CFR 819.19 - Auger mining: Backfilling and grading.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Auger mining: Backfilling and grading. 819.19 Section 819.19 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE... MINING § 819.19 Auger mining: Backfilling and grading. (a) General. Auger mining shall be conducted in...

  20. 49 CFR 821.15 - Motion to disqualify a Board Member.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Motion to disqualify a Board Member. 821.15... Review, Appeals to the Board, and Appeals From Law Judges Initial Decisions and Appealable Orders § 821.15 Motion to disqualify a Board Member. A motion requesting that a Board Member disqualify himself or...

  1. 49 CFR 821.15 - Motion to disqualify a Board Member.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Motion to disqualify a Board Member. 821.15... Review, Appeals to the Board, and Appeals From Law Judges Initial Decisions and Appealable Orders § 821.15 Motion to disqualify a Board Member. A motion requesting that a Board Member disqualify himself or...

  2. 49 CFR 821.15 - Motion to disqualify a Board Member.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Motion to disqualify a Board Member. 821.15... Review, Appeals to the Board, and Appeals From Law Judges Initial Decisions and Appealable Orders § 821.15 Motion to disqualify a Board Member. A motion requesting that a Board Member disqualify himself or...

  3. 49 CFR 821.15 - Motion to disqualify a Board Member.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Motion to disqualify a Board Member. 821.15... Review, Appeals to the Board, and Appeals From Law Judges Initial Decisions and Appealable Orders § 821.15 Motion to disqualify a Board Member. A motion requesting that a Board Member disqualify himself or...

  4. 49 CFR 821.15 - Motion to disqualify a Board Member.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Motion to disqualify a Board Member. 821.15... Review, Appeals to the Board, and Appeals From Law Judges Initial Decisions and Appealable Orders § 821.15 Motion to disqualify a Board Member. A motion requesting that a Board Member disqualify himself or...

  5. 46 CFR 169.819 - Manning of lifeboats and liferafts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Manning of lifeboats and liferafts. 169.819 Section 169.819 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Operations § 169.819 Manning of lifeboats and liferafts. (a) The provisions of this section shall apply to all vessels equipped with...

  6. A novel photochemical machining process for magnesium aerospace and biomedical microengineering applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Allen, D. M.; Simpkins, M.; Almond, H.

    2010-10-01

    Research was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of fabricating perforated (filigree) magnesium microcomponents with metal wire widths of the order of the metal thickness using a photochemical machining (PCM) process. Experimentally, it has been demonstrated for the first time that metal wire widths of 0.15 mm can be achieved within a 2D, 0.25 mm thick magnesium foil to fabricate microcomponents for use as micro air vehicle (MAV) wings or stents through a bespoke PCM process. This etching process differs significantly from the industrial etching process used currently to manufacture magnesium letterpress printing plates and embossing dies.

  7. Solid-state rechargeable magnesium battery

    DOEpatents

    Shao, Yuyan; Liu, Jun; Liu, Tianbiao; Li, Guosheng

    2016-09-06

    Embodiments of a solid-state electrolyte comprising magnesium borohydride, polyethylene oxide, and optionally a Group IIA or transition metal oxide are disclosed. The solid-state electrolyte may be a thin film comprising a dispersion of magnesium borohydride and magnesium oxide nanoparticles in polyethylene oxide. Rechargeable magnesium batteries including the disclosed solid-state electrolyte may have a coulombic efficiency .gtoreq.95% and exhibit cycling stability for at least 50 cycles.

  8. Magnesium-phosphate-glass cements with ceramic-type properties

    DOEpatents

    Sugama, T.; Kukacka, L.E.

    1982-09-23

    Rapid setting magnesium phosphate (Mg glass) cementitious materials consisting of magnesium phosphate cement paste, polyborax and water-saturated aggregate, exhibits rapid setting and high early strength characteristics. The magnesium glass cement is prepared from a cation-leachable powder and a bivalent metallic ion-accepting liquid such as an aqueous solution of diammonium phosphate and ammonium polyphosphate. The cation-leachable powder includes a mixture of two different magnesium oxide powders processed and sized differently which when mixed with the bivalent metallic ion-accepting liquid provides the magnesium glass cement consisting primarily of magnesium ortho phosphate tetrahydrate, with magnesium hydroxide and magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate also present. The polyborax serves as a set-retarder. The resulting magnesium mono- and polyphosphate cements are particularly suitable for use as a cementing matrix in rapid repair systems for deteriorated concrete structures as well as construction materials and surface coatings for fireproof structures.

  9. Magnesium phosphate glass cements with ceramic-type properties

    DOEpatents

    Sugama, Toshifumi; Kukacka, Lawrence E.

    1984-03-13

    Rapid setting magnesium phosphate (Mg glass) cementitious materials consisting of magnesium phosphate cement paste, polyborax and water-saturated aggregate exhibiting rapid setting and high early strength characteristics. The magnesium glass cement is prepared from a cation-leachable powder and a bivalent metallic ion-accepting liquid such as an aqueous solution of diammonium phosphate and ammonium polyphosphate. The cation-leachable powder includes a mixture of two different magnesium oxide powders processed and sized differently which when mixed with the bivalent metallic ion-accepting liquid provides the magnesium glass cement consisting primarily of magnesium ortho phosphate tetrahydrate, with magnesium hydroxide and magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate also present. The polyborax serves as a set-retarder. The resulting magnesium mono- and polyphosphate cements are particularly suitable for use as a cementing matrix in rapid repair systems for deteriorated concrete structures as well as construction materials and surface coatings for fireproof structures.

  10. Processing and properties of magnesium containing a dense uniform dispersion of nanoparticles.

    PubMed

    Chen, Lian-Yi; Xu, Jia-Quan; Choi, Hongseok; Pozuelo, Marta; Ma, Xiaolong; Bhowmick, Sanjit; Yang, Jenn-Ming; Mathaudhu, Suveen; Li, Xiao-Chun

    2015-12-24

    Magnesium is a light metal, with a density two-thirds that of aluminium, is abundant on Earth and is biocompatible; it thus has the potential to improve energy efficiency and system performance in aerospace, automobile, defence, mobile electronics and biomedical applications. However, conventional synthesis and processing methods (alloying and thermomechanical processing) have reached certain limits in further improving the properties of magnesium and other metals. Ceramic particles have been introduced into metal matrices to improve the strength of the metals, but unfortunately, ceramic microparticles severely degrade the plasticity and machinability of metals, and nanoparticles, although they have the potential to improve strength while maintaining or even improving the plasticity of metals, are difficult to disperse uniformly in metal matrices. Here we show that a dense uniform dispersion of silicon carbide nanoparticles (14 per cent by volume) in magnesium can be achieved through a nanoparticle self-stabilization mechanism in molten metal. An enhancement of strength, stiffness, plasticity and high-temperature stability is simultaneously achieved, delivering a higher specific yield strength and higher specific modulus than almost all structural metals.

  11. Isotopically pure magnesium isotope-24 is prepared from magnesium-24 oxide

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Chellew, N. R.; Schilb, J. D.; Steunenberg, R. K.

    1968-01-01

    Apparatus is used to prepare isotopically pure magnesium isotope-24, suitable for use in neutron scattering and polarization experiments. The apparatus permits thermal reduction of magnesium-24 oxide with aluminum and calcium oxide, and subsequent vaporization of the product metal in vacuum. It uses a resistance-heated furnace tube and cap assembly.

  12. Multi-functional magnesium alloys containing interstitial oxygen atoms.

    PubMed

    Kang, H; Choi, H J; Kang, S W; Shin, S E; Choi, G S; Bae, D H

    2016-03-15

    A new class of magnesium alloys has been developed by dissolving large amounts of oxygen atoms into a magnesium lattice (Mg-O alloys). The oxygen atoms are supplied by decomposing titanium dioxide nanoparticles in a magnesium melt at 720 °C; the titanium is then completely separated out from the magnesium melt after solidification. The dissolved oxygen atoms are located at the octahedral sites of magnesium, which expand the magnesium lattice. These alloys possess ionic and metallic bonding characteristics, providing outstanding mechanical and functional properties. A Mg-O-Al casting alloy made in this fashion shows superior mechanical performance, chemical resistance to corrosion, and thermal conductivity. Furthermore, a similar Mg-O-Zn wrought alloy shows high elongation to failure (>50%) at room temperature, because the alloy plastically deforms with only multiple slips in the sub-micrometer grains (<300 nm) surrounding the larger grains (~15 μm). The metal/non-metal interstitial alloys are expected to open a new paradigm in commercial alloy design.

  13. Electron-band theory inspired design of magnesium-precious metal bulk metallic glasses with high thermal stability and extended ductility.

    PubMed

    Laws, Kevin J; Shamlaye, Karl F; Granata, Davide; Koloadin, Leah S; Löffler, Jörg F

    2017-06-13

    Magnesium-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) exhibit high specific strengths and excellent glass-forming ability compared to other metallic systems, making them suitable candidates for next-generation materials. However, current Mg-based BMGs tend to exhibit low thermal stability and are prone to structural relaxation and brittle failure. This study presents a range of new magnesium-precious metal-based BMGs from the ternary Mg-Ag-Ca, Mg-Ag-Yb, Mg-Pd-Ca and Mg-Pd-Yb alloy systems with Mg content greater than 67 at.%. These alloys were designed for high ductility by utilising atomic bond-band theory and a topological efficient atomic packing model. BMGs from the Mg-Pd-Ca alloy system exhibit high glass-forming ability with critical casting sizes of up to 3 mm in diameter, the highest glass transition temperatures (>200 °C) of any reported Mg-based BMG to date, and sustained compressive ductility. Alloys from the Mg-Pd-Yb family exhibit critical casting sizes of up to 4 mm in diameter, and the highest compressive plastic (1.59%) and total (3.78%) strain to failure of any so far reported Mg-based glass. The methods and theoretical approaches presented here demonstrate a significant step forward in the ongoing development of this extraordinary class of materials.

  14. 29 CFR 8.19 - Equal Access to Justice Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... SERVICE CONTRACTS General Procedural Matters § 8.19 Equal Access to Justice Act. Proceedings under the... 29 Labor 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Equal Access to Justice Act. 8.19 Section 8.19 Labor Office... Access to Justice Act (Pub. L. 96-481). Accordingly, in any proceeding conducted pursuant to the...

  15. 29 CFR 8.19 - Equal Access to Justice Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... SERVICE CONTRACTS General Procedural Matters § 8.19 Equal Access to Justice Act. Proceedings under the... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Equal Access to Justice Act. 8.19 Section 8.19 Labor Office... Access to Justice Act (Pub. L. 96-481). Accordingly, in any proceeding conducted pursuant to the...

  16. 29 CFR 8.19 - Equal Access to Justice Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... SERVICE CONTRACTS General Procedural Matters § 8.19 Equal Access to Justice Act. Proceedings under the... 29 Labor 1 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Equal Access to Justice Act. 8.19 Section 8.19 Labor Office... Access to Justice Act (Pub. L. 96-481). Accordingly, in any proceeding conducted pursuant to the...

  17. 29 CFR 8.19 - Equal Access to Justice Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... SERVICE CONTRACTS General Procedural Matters § 8.19 Equal Access to Justice Act. Proceedings under the... 29 Labor 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Equal Access to Justice Act. 8.19 Section 8.19 Labor Office... Access to Justice Act (Pub. L. 96-481). Accordingly, in any proceeding conducted pursuant to the...

  18. 29 CFR 8.19 - Equal Access to Justice Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... SERVICE CONTRACTS General Procedural Matters § 8.19 Equal Access to Justice Act. Proceedings under the... 29 Labor 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Equal Access to Justice Act. 8.19 Section 8.19 Labor Office... Access to Justice Act (Pub. L. 96-481). Accordingly, in any proceeding conducted pursuant to the...

  19. 47 CFR 101.819 - Stations affected by coordination contour procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Stations affected by coordination contour procedures. 101.819 Section 101.819 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE SERVICES Local Television Transmission Service § 101.819...

  20. 47 CFR 101.819 - Stations affected by coordination contour procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Stations affected by coordination contour procedures. 101.819 Section 101.819 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE SERVICES Local Television Transmission Service § 101.819...

  1. 47 CFR 101.819 - Stations affected by coordination contour procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Stations affected by coordination contour procedures. 101.819 Section 101.819 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE SERVICES Local Television Transmission Service § 101.819...

  2. 47 CFR 101.819 - Stations affected by coordination contour procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Stations affected by coordination contour procedures. 101.819 Section 101.819 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE SERVICES Local Television Transmission Service § 101.819...

  3. 47 CFR 101.819 - Stations affected by coordination contour procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Stations affected by coordination contour procedures. 101.819 Section 101.819 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE SERVICES Local Television Transmission Service § 101.819...

  4. Multi-functional magnesium alloys containing interstitial oxygen atoms

    PubMed Central

    Kang, H.; Choi, H. J.; Kang, S. W.; Shin, S. E.; Choi, G. S.; Bae, D. H.

    2016-01-01

    A new class of magnesium alloys has been developed by dissolving large amounts of oxygen atoms into a magnesium lattice (Mg-O alloys). The oxygen atoms are supplied by decomposing titanium dioxide nanoparticles in a magnesium melt at 720 °C; the titanium is then completely separated out from the magnesium melt after solidification. The dissolved oxygen atoms are located at the octahedral sites of magnesium, which expand the magnesium lattice. These alloys possess ionic and metallic bonding characteristics, providing outstanding mechanical and functional properties. A Mg-O-Al casting alloy made in this fashion shows superior mechanical performance, chemical resistance to corrosion, and thermal conductivity. Furthermore, a similar Mg-O-Zn wrought alloy shows high elongation to failure (>50%) at room temperature, because the alloy plastically deforms with only multiple slips in the sub-micrometer grains (<300 nm) surrounding the larger grains (~15 μm). The metal/non-metal interstitial alloys are expected to open a new paradigm in commercial alloy design. PMID:26976372

  5. 7 CFR 760.819 - Misrepresentation, scheme, or device.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Misrepresentation, scheme, or device. 760.819 Section....819 Misrepresentation, scheme, or device. (a) A person is ineligible to receive assistance under this part if it is determined that such person has: (1) Adopted any scheme or device that tends to defeat...

  6. 7 CFR 760.819 - Misrepresentation, scheme, or device.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Misrepresentation, scheme, or device. 760.819 Section....819 Misrepresentation, scheme, or device. (a) A person is ineligible to receive assistance under this part if it is determined that such person has: (1) Adopted any scheme or device that tends to defeat...

  7. 7 CFR 760.819 - Misrepresentation, scheme, or device.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Misrepresentation, scheme, or device. 760.819 Section....819 Misrepresentation, scheme, or device. (a) A person is ineligible to receive assistance under this part if it is determined that such person has: (1) Adopted any scheme or device that tends to defeat...

  8. 7 CFR 760.819 - Misrepresentation, scheme, or device.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 7 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Misrepresentation, scheme, or device. 760.819 Section....819 Misrepresentation, scheme, or device. (a) A person is ineligible to receive assistance under this part if it is determined that such person has: (1) Adopted any scheme or device that tends to defeat...

  9. 7 CFR 760.819 - Misrepresentation, scheme, or device.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Misrepresentation, scheme, or device. 760.819 Section....819 Misrepresentation, scheme, or device. (a) A person is ineligible to receive assistance under this part if it is determined that such person has: (1) Adopted any scheme or device that tends to defeat...

  10. Mineral resource of the month: magnesium

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Kramer, Deborah A.

    2012-01-01

    Magnesium is the eighthmost abundant element in Earth’s crust, and the second-most abundant metal ion in seawater. Although magnesium is found in more than 60 minerals, only brucite, dolomite, magnesite and carnallite are commercially important for their magnesium content. Magnesium and its compounds also are recovered from seawater, brines found in lakes and wells, and bitterns (salts).

  11. Atmospheric parameters and magnesium and calcium NLTE abundances for a sample of 16 ultra metal-poor stars

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sitnova, Tatyana; Mashonkina, Lyudmila; Ezzeddine, Rana; Frebel, Anna

    2018-06-01

    The most metal-poor stars provide important observational clues to the astrophysical objects that enriched the primordial gas with heavy elements. Accurate atmospheric parameters is a prerequisite of determination of accurate abundances. We present atmospheric parameters and abundances of calcium and magnesium for a sample of 16 ultra-metal poor (UMP) stars. In spectra of UMP stars, iron is represented only by lines of Fe I, while calcium is represented with lines of Ca I and Ca II, which can be used for determination/checking of effective temperature and surface gravity. Accurate calculations of synthetic spectra of UMP stars require non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) treatment of line formation, since deviations from LTE grow with metallicity decreasing. The method of atmospheric parameter determination is based on NLTE analysis of lines of Ca I and Ca II, multi-band photometry, and isochrones. The method was tested in advance with the ultra metal-poor giant CD-38 245, where, in addition, trigonometric parallax measurements from Gaia DR1 and lines of Fe I and Fe II are available. Using photometric Teff = 4900 K and distance based log g = 2.0 for CD-38 245, we derived consistent within error bars NLTE abundances from Fe I and Fe II and Ca I and Ca II, while LTE leads to a discrepancy of 0.6 dex between Ca I and Ca II. We determined NLTE and LTE abundances of magnesium and calcium in 16 stars of the sample. For the majority of stars, as expected, [Ca/Mg] NLTE abundance ratios are close to 0, while LTE leads to systematically higher [Ca/Mg], by up to 0.3 dex, and larger spread of [Ca/Mg] for different stars. Three stars of our sample are strongly enhanced in magnesium, with [Mg/Ca] of 1.3 dex. It is worth noting that, for these three stars, we got very similar [Mg/Ca] of 1.30, 1.45, and 1.29, in contrast to the data from the literature, where, for the same stars, [Mg/Ca] vary from 0.7 to 1.4. Very similar [Mg/Ca] abundance ratios of these stars argue that

  12. 21 CFR 821.60 - Retention of records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Retention of records. 821.60 Section 821.60 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL... each tracked device they manufacture or distribute. The useful life of a device is the time a device is...

  13. 30 CFR 819.15 - Auger mining: Hydrologic balance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Auger mining: Hydrologic balance. 819.15... MINING § 819.15 Auger mining: Hydrologic balance. (a) Auger mining shall be planned and conducted to minimize disturbances of the prevailing hydrologic balance in accordance with the requirements of §§ 816.41...

  14. 30 CFR 819.15 - Auger mining: Hydrologic balance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Auger mining: Hydrologic balance. 819.15... MINING § 819.15 Auger mining: Hydrologic balance. (a) Auger mining shall be planned and conducted to minimize disturbances of the prevailing hydrologic balance in accordance with the requirements of §§ 816.41...

  15. Mechanochemical processing for metals and metal alloys

    DOEpatents

    Froes, Francis H.; Eranezhuth, Baburaj G.; Prisbrey, Keith

    2001-01-01

    A set of processes for preparing metal powders, including metal alloy powders, by ambient temperature reduction of a reducible metal compound by a reactive metal or metal hydride through mechanochemical processing. The reduction process includes milling reactants to induce and complete the reduction reaction. The preferred reducing agents include magnesium and calcium hydride powders. A process of pre-milling magnesium as a reducing agent to increase the activity of the magnesium has been established as one part of the invention.

  16. Magnesium in North America: A Changing Landscape

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Slade, Susan

    The changing landscape of North American manufacturing in the context of global competition is impacting the market of all raw materials, including magnesium. Current automotive fuel economy legislation and pending legislation on the emissions of greenhouse gases are impacting magnesium's largest consuming industries, such as aluminum, automotive components, steel and transition metals. These industries are all considering innovative ways to efficiently incorporate the needed raw materials into their processes. The North American magnesium market differs from other regions based on maturity, supply streams, changing manufacturing capabilities and trade cases, combined with the transformation of North American manufacturing.

  17. 30 CFR 819.21 - Auger mining: Protection of underground mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Auger mining: Protection of underground mining. 819.21 Section 819.21 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT... STANDARDS-AUGER MINING § 819.21 Auger mining: Protection of underground mining. Auger holes shall not extend...

  18. 33 CFR 147.821 - Brutus Tension Leg Platform safety zone.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... safety zone. 147.821 Section 147.821 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES SAFETY ZONES § 147.821 Brutus Tension Leg Platform safety zone. (a) Description. The Brutus Tension Leg Platform (Brutus TLP), Green Canyon Block 158 (GC...

  19. 33 CFR 147.821 - Brutus Tension Leg Platform safety zone.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... safety zone. 147.821 Section 147.821 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES SAFETY ZONES § 147.821 Brutus Tension Leg Platform safety zone. (a) Description. The Brutus Tension Leg Platform (Brutus TLP), Green Canyon Block 158 (GC...

  20. 33 CFR 147.821 - Brutus Tension Leg Platform safety zone.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... safety zone. 147.821 Section 147.821 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES SAFETY ZONES § 147.821 Brutus Tension Leg Platform safety zone. (a) Description. The Brutus Tension Leg Platform (Brutus TLP), Green Canyon Block 158 (GC...

  1. 33 CFR 147.821 - Brutus Tension Leg Platform safety zone.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... safety zone. 147.821 Section 147.821 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES SAFETY ZONES § 147.821 Brutus Tension Leg Platform safety zone. (a) Description. The Brutus Tension Leg Platform (Brutus TLP), Green Canyon Block 158 (GC...

  2. 33 CFR 147.821 - Brutus Tension Leg Platform safety zone.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... safety zone. 147.821 Section 147.821 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES SAFETY ZONES § 147.821 Brutus Tension Leg Platform safety zone. (a) Description. The Brutus Tension Leg Platform (Brutus TLP), Green Canyon Block 158 (GC...

  3. 38 CFR 8.21 - Misstatement of age.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Misstatement of age. 8.21... INSURANCE Age § 8.21 Misstatement of age. If the age of the insured under a National Service life insurance... amount as the premium paid would have purchased at the correct age; if overstated, the excess of premiums...

  4. 38 CFR 8.21 - Misstatement of age.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Misstatement of age. 8.21... INSURANCE Age § 8.21 Misstatement of age. If the age of the insured under a National Service life insurance... amount as the premium paid would have purchased at the correct age; if overstated, the excess of premiums...

  5. 38 CFR 8.21 - Misstatement of age.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Misstatement of age. 8.21... INSURANCE Age § 8.21 Misstatement of age. If the age of the insured under a National Service life insurance... amount as the premium paid would have purchased at the correct age; if overstated, the excess of premiums...

  6. 38 CFR 8.21 - Misstatement of age.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Misstatement of age. 8.21... INSURANCE Age § 8.21 Misstatement of age. If the age of the insured under a National Service life insurance... amount as the premium paid would have purchased at the correct age; if overstated, the excess of premiums...

  7. 38 CFR 8.21 - Misstatement of age.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Misstatement of age. 8.21... INSURANCE Age § 8.21 Misstatement of age. If the age of the insured under a National Service life insurance... amount as the premium paid would have purchased at the correct age; if overstated, the excess of premiums...

  8. Carbon dioxide adsorbents containing magnesium oxide suitable for use at high temperatures

    DOEpatents

    Mayorga, Steven Gerard; Weigel, Scott Jeffrey; Gaffney, Thomas Richard; Brzozowski, Jeffrey Richard

    2001-01-01

    Adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas streams at temperatures in the range of 300 to 500.degree. C. is carried out with a solid adsorbent containing magnesium oxide, preferably promoted with an alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate so that the atomic ratio of alkali metal to magnesium is in the range of 0.006 to 2.60. Preferred adsorbents are made from the precipitate formed on addition of alkali metal and carbonate ions to an aqueous solution of a magnesium salt. Atomic ratios of alkali metal to magnesium can be adjusted by washing the precipitate with water. Low surface area adsorbents can be made by dehydration and CO.sub.2 removal of magnesium hydroxycarbonate, with or without alkali metal promotion. The process is especially valuable in pressure swing adsorption operations.

  9. 30 CFR 819.13 - Auger mining: Coal recovery.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Auger mining: Coal recovery. 819.13 Section 819....13 Auger mining: Coal recovery. (a) Auger mining shall be conducted so as to maximize the utilization and conservation of the coal in accordance with § 816.59 of this chapter. (b) Auger mining shall be...

  10. 30 CFR 819.13 - Auger mining: Coal recovery.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Auger mining: Coal recovery. 819.13 Section 819....13 Auger mining: Coal recovery. (a) Auger mining shall be conducted so as to maximize the utilization and conservation of the coal in accordance with § 816.59 of this chapter. (b) Auger mining shall be...

  11. 30 CFR 819.13 - Auger mining: Coal recovery.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Auger mining: Coal recovery. 819.13 Section 819....13 Auger mining: Coal recovery. (a) Auger mining shall be conducted so as to maximize the utilization and conservation of the coal in accordance with § 816.59 of this chapter. (b) Auger mining shall be...

  12. 30 CFR 819.13 - Auger mining: Coal recovery.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Auger mining: Coal recovery. 819.13 Section 819....13 Auger mining: Coal recovery. (a) Auger mining shall be conducted so as to maximize the utilization and conservation of the coal in accordance with § 816.59 of this chapter. (b) Auger mining shall be...

  13. 30 CFR 819.13 - Auger mining: Coal recovery.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Auger mining: Coal recovery. 819.13 Section 819....13 Auger mining: Coal recovery. (a) Auger mining shall be conducted so as to maximize the utilization and conservation of the coal in accordance with § 816.59 of this chapter. (b) Auger mining shall be...

  14. Lithium-aluminum-magnesium electrode composition

    DOEpatents

    Melendres, Carlos A.; Siegel, Stanley

    1978-01-01

    A negative electrode composition is presented for use in a secondary, high-temperature electrochemical cell. The cell also includes a molten salt electrolyte of alkali metal halides or alkaline earth metal halides and a positive electrode including a chalcogen or a metal chalcogenide as the active electrode material. The negative electrode composition includes up to 50 atom percent lithium as the active electrode constituent and a magnesium-aluminum alloy as a structural matrix. Various binary and ternary intermetallic phases of lithium, magnesium, and aluminum are formed but the electrode composition in both its charged and discharged state remains substantially free of the alpha lithium-aluminum phase and exhibits good structural integrity.

  15. 40 CFR 52.821 - Classification of regions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Iowa § 52.821 Classification of regions. The Iowa plan was evaluated on the basis of the following classification: Air quality control region... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Classification of regions. 52.821...

  16. 40 CFR 52.821 - Classification of regions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Iowa § 52.821 Classification of regions. The Iowa plan was evaluated on the basis of the following classification: Air quality control region... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Classification of regions. 52.821...

  17. 48 CFR 819.7004 - Contracting Order of Priority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Contracting Order of Priority. 819.7004 Section 819.7004 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned and Veteran-Owned Small Business...

  18. 48 CFR 819.7004 - Contracting Order of Priority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Contracting Order of Priority. 819.7004 Section 819.7004 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned and Veteran-Owned Small Business...

  19. Magnesium fluoride reduction-vessel liners. Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Latham-Brown, C.E.

    1986-03-26

    The work described in this report details a program that demonstrated a method by which magnesium fluoride, the by-product of the reduction reaction of uranium tetrafluoride to uranium metal could be used to replace the present graphite used to line the reduction vessel. Utilization of magnesium fluoride (MgF2) as a reduction-vessel liner has the potential to decrease carbon contamination and thereby reduce DU derby rejects due to chemistry. Additionally, there would be the elimination of the cost of the graphite crucible liner and the associated disposal costs by replacement with the by-product of the reduction reaction, which is magnesium fluoride.more » The process would ultimately result in reduced manufacturing costs for derby metal and higher yield of finished penetrators. This was to be accomplished in such a manner as to produce uranium metal derbies which would be accommodated into the present Nuclear Metals-Carolina Metals penetrator production process with minimal changes in equipment and procedures.« less

  20. The influence of chosen metals administration in drinking water on magnesium balance in rats.

    PubMed

    Kiełczykowska, Małgorzata; Pasternak, Kazimierz; Boguszewska, Anna; Musik, Irena

    2004-01-01

    The aim of our study was to estimate the influence of chromium, lead and aluminium on the magnesium level in serum and tissues of rats. Male Wistar rats received Cr, Pb and Al at the concentration of 500 mg of metal x dm(-3) in the form of drinking water for three or six weeks. After the period of administration the animals were sacrificed under ketamine narcosis and blood from the heart as well as the tissues of the liver, kidney, brain, spleen, femoral muscle and heart muscle were collected. Magnesium concentration was measured in serum and tissue homogenates. Chromium caused the increase of Mg level in some tissues after six weeks and no changes in serum. Lead influenced Mg level in serum and tissues mainly after six weeks but the changes were more diverse and depending on the tissue. After six weeks' administration aluminium caused the magnesium release from serum and its storage in tissues.

  1. Innovative Vacuum Distillation for Magnesium Recycling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhu, Tianbai; Li, Naiyi; Mei, Xiaoming; Yu, Alfred; Shang, Shixiang

    Magnesium recycling now becomes a very important subject as magnesium consumption increases fast around the world. All commonly used magnesium die-casting alloys can be recycled and recovered to the primary metal quality. The recycled materials may be comprised of biscuits, sprues, runners, flash, overflows, dross, sludge, scrap parts, and old parts that are returned from service, An innovative magnesium recycle method, vacuum distillation, is developed and proved out to be able to recycle magnesium scraps, especially machining chips, oily magnesium, smelting sludge, dross or the mixture. With this process at a specific temperature and environment condition, magnesium in scraps can be gasified and then solidified to become crystal magnesium crown. This `recycled' magnesium crown is collected and used as the raw material of magnesium alloys. The experimental results show the vacuum distillation is a feasible and plausible method to recycle magnesium. Further, the cost analysis will be addressed in this paper.

  2. Effects of surface treatments and bonding types on the interfacial behavior of fiber metal laminate based on magnesium alloy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Xi; Ma, Quanyang; Dai, Yu; Hu, Faping; Liu, Gang; Xu, Zouyuan; Wei, Guobing; Xu, Tiancai; Zeng, Qingwen; Xie, Weidong

    2018-01-01

    Fiber metal laminates based on magnesium alloys (MgFML) with different surface treatments and different bonding types were tested and analyzed. By using dynamic contact angle measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was found that phosphating treatment can significantly improve the surface energy and wettability of magnesium alloy, and the surface energy of phosphated magnesium alloy was approximately 50% higher than that of abraded-only magnesium alloy. The single cantilever beam (SCB) test showed that the interfacial fracture energies of directly bonded MgFMLs based on abraded-only magnesium and abraded + phosphated magnesium were 650 J/m2 and 1030 J/m2, respectively, whereas the interfacial fracture energies of indirectly bonded MgFMLs were 1650 J/m2 and 2260 J/m2, respectively. Phosphating treatment and modified polypropylene interleaf were observed to improve the tensile strength and interfacial fracture toughness of MgFML. In addition, the rougher surface was more conducive to enhance the bonding strength and interfacial fracture toughness of MgFML.

  3. 26 CFR 1.819-2 - Foreign life insurance companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Foreign life insurance companies. 1.819-2... companies. (a) Carrying on United States insurance business. Section 819(a) provides that a foreign life insurance company carrying on a life insurance business within the United States, if with respect to its...

  4. 26 CFR 1.819-2 - Foreign life insurance companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Foreign life insurance companies. 1.819-2... companies. (a) Carrying on United States insurance business. Section 819(a) provides that a foreign life insurance company carrying on a life insurance business within the United States, if with respect to its...

  5. 26 CFR 1.819-2 - Foreign life insurance companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Foreign life insurance companies. 1.819-2... companies. (a) Carrying on United States insurance business. Section 819(a) provides that a foreign life insurance company carrying on a life insurance business within the United States, if with respect to its...

  6. Super-formable pure magnesium at room temperature.

    PubMed

    Zeng, Zhuoran; Nie, Jian-Feng; Xu, Shi-Wei; H J Davies, Chris; Birbilis, Nick

    2017-10-17

    Magnesium, the lightest structural metal, is difficult to form at room temperature due to an insufficient number of deformation modes imposed by its hexagonal structure and a strong texture developed during thermomechanical processes. Although appropriate alloying additions can weaken the texture, formability improvement is limited because alloying additions do not fundamentally alter deformation modes. Here we show that magnesium can become super-formable at room temperature without alloying. Despite possessing a strong texture, magnesium can be cold rolled to a strain at least eight times that possible in conventional processing. The resultant cold-rolled sheet can be further formed without cracking due to grain size reduction to the order of one micron and inter-granular mechanisms becoming dominant, rather than the usual slip and twinning. These findings provide a pathway for developing highly formable products from magnesium and other hexagonal metals that are traditionally difficult to form at room temperature.Replacing steel or aluminium vehicle parts with magnesium would result in reduced emissions, but shaping magnesium without cracking remains challenging. Here, the authors successfully extrude and roll textured magnesium into ductile foil at low temperatures by activating intra-granular mechanisms.

  7. Transport of Magnesium by a Bacterial Nramp-Related Gene

    PubMed Central

    Rodionov, Dmitry A.; Freedman, Benjamin G.; Senger, Ryan S.; Winkler, Wade C.

    2014-01-01

    Magnesium is an essential divalent metal that serves many cellular functions. While most divalent cations are maintained at relatively low intracellular concentrations, magnesium is maintained at a higher level (∼0.5–2.0 mM). Three families of transport proteins were previously identified for magnesium import: CorA, MgtE, and MgtA/MgtB P-type ATPases. In the current study, we find that expression of a bacterial protein unrelated to these transporters can fully restore growth to a bacterial mutant that lacks known magnesium transporters, suggesting it is a new importer for magnesium. We demonstrate that this transport activity is likely to be specific rather than resulting from substrate promiscuity because the proteins are incapable of manganese import. This magnesium transport protein is distantly related to the Nramp family of proteins, which have been shown to transport divalent cations but have never been shown to recognize magnesium. We also find gene expression of the new magnesium transporter to be controlled by a magnesium-sensing riboswitch. Importantly, we find additional examples of riboswitch-regulated homologues, suggesting that they are a frequent occurrence in bacteria. Therefore, our aggregate data discover a new and perhaps broadly important path for magnesium import and highlight how identification of riboswitch RNAs can help shed light on new, and sometimes unexpected, functions of their downstream genes. PMID:24968120

  8. Inhibitors for magnesium corrosion: Metal organic frameworks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mesbah, Adel; Juers, Caroline; Lacouture, Françoise; Mathieu, Stéphane; Rocca, Emmanuel; François, Michel; Steinmetz, Jean

    2007-03-01

    Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that magnesium surfaces can be protected by alkyl carboxylate. In a nearly neutral pH solution of sodium decanoate, the reduced corrosion rate and a passivation behaviour are attributed to the formation of Mg(C 10H 19O 2) 2(H 2O) 3 (Mg(C10) 2) at the magnesium surface whereas heptanoate Mg(C 7H 13O 2) 2(H 2O) 3 (Mg(C7) 2) is not efficient in such media. The crystal structures of the two metal carboxylates Mg(C7) 2 and Mg(C10) 2 are determined by X-ray diffraction. Single crystal data: Mg(C7) 2, P2 1/ a, a = 9.130(5) Å, b = 8.152(5) Å, c = 24.195(5) Å, β = 91.476(5)°, V = 1800.3(15) Å 3, Dx = 1.242 g cm -3, Z = 4. Synchrotron powder data: Mg(C10) 2, P2 1/ a, a = 9.070(3) Å, b = 8.165(1) Å, c = 32.124(1) Å, β = 98.39(1)°, V = 2353.85(8) Å 3, Dx = 1.188 g cm -3, Z = 4. Their layered structures are quite similar and differ mainly by the length of the hydrophobic chains. They consist of two planes of O-octahedra centred by Mg atoms, parallel to (001). The distorted octahedra are constituted by three oxygen atoms from carboxylate groups and by three oxygen atoms coming from water molecules. The layers are connected by hydrogen bonds. The carboxylate chains are located perpendicularly and on both sides of these planes. One carboxylate chain is bridging the Mg atom along [010] while the other is monodendate. The presence of structural water is confirmed by thermal analyses.

  9. Fast kinetics of magnesium monochloride cations in interlayer-expanded titanium disulfide for magnesium rechargeable batteries

    DOE PAGES

    Yoo, Hyun Deog; Liang, Yanliang; Dong, Hui; ...

    2017-08-24

    Magnesium rechargeable batteries potentially offer high-energy density, safety, and low cost due to the ability to employ divalent, dendrite-free, and earth-abundant magnesium metal anode. Despite recent progress, further development remains stagnated mainly due to the sluggish scission of magnesium-chloride bond and slow diffusion of divalent magnesium cations in cathodes. Here in this paper we report a battery chemistry that utilizes magnesium monochloride cations in expanded titanium disulfide. Combined theoretical modeling, spectroscopic analysis, and electrochemical study reveal fast diffusion kinetics of magnesium monochloride cations without scission of magnesium-chloride bond. The battery demonstrates the reversible intercalation of 1 and 1.7 magnesium monochloridemore » cations per titanium at 25 and 60 °C, respectively, corresponding to up to 400 mAh g -1 capacity based on the mass of titanium disulfide. The large capacity accompanies with excellent rate and cycling performances even at room temperature, opening up possibilities for a variety of effective intercalation hosts for multivalent-ion batteries.« less

  10. Efficient One-Step Electrolytic Recycling of Low-Grade and Post-Consumer Magnesium Scrap

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Adam C. Powell, IV

    2012-07-19

    Metal Oxygen Separation Technologies, Inc. (abbreviated MOxST, pronounced most) and Boston University (BU) have developed a new low-cost process for recycling post-consumer co-mingled and heavily-oxidized magnesium scrap, and discovered a new chemical mechanism for magnesium separations in the process. The new process, designated MagReGenTM, is very effective in laboratory experiments, and on scale-up promises to be the lowest-cost lowest-energy lowest-impact method for separating magnesium metal from aluminum while recovering oxidized magnesium. MagReGenTM uses as little as one-eighth as much energy as today's methods for recycling magnesium metal from comingled scrap. As such, this technology could play a vital role inmore » recycling automotive non-ferrous metals, particularly as motor vehicle magnesium/aluminum ratios increase in order to reduce vehicle weight and increase efficiency.« less

  11. 40 CFR 63.821 - Designation of affected sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ....821 Section 63.821 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED... presses and all related equipment, including proof presses, cylinder and parts cleaners, ink and solvent...

  12. 13 CFR 120.821 - CDC Area of Operations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false CDC Area of Operations. 120.821... Company Loan Program (504) Requirements for Cdc Certification and Operation § 120.821 CDC Area of Operations. A CDC must operate only within its designated Area of Operations approved by SBA except as...

  13. 13 CFR 120.821 - CDC Area of Operations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false CDC Area of Operations. 120.821... Company Loan Program (504) Requirements for Cdc Certification and Operation § 120.821 CDC Area of Operations. A CDC must operate only within its designated Area of Operations approved by SBA except as...

  14. 13 CFR 120.821 - CDC Area of Operations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false CDC Area of Operations. 120.821... Company Loan Program (504) Requirements for Cdc Certification and Operation § 120.821 CDC Area of Operations. A CDC must operate only within its designated Area of Operations approved by SBA except as...

  15. 13 CFR 120.821 - CDC Area of Operations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false CDC Area of Operations. 120.821... Company Loan Program (504) Requirements for Cdc Certification and Operation § 120.821 CDC Area of Operations. A CDC must operate only within its designated Area of Operations approved by SBA except as...

  16. 13 CFR 120.821 - CDC Area of Operations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false CDC Area of Operations. 120.821... Company Loan Program (504) Requirements for Cdc Certification and Operation § 120.821 CDC Area of Operations. A CDC must operate only within its designated Area of Operations approved by SBA except as...

  17. Calcium phosphate coatings on magnesium alloys for biomedical applications: a review.

    PubMed

    Shadanbaz, Shaylin; Dias, George J

    2012-01-01

    Magnesium has been suggested as a revolutionary biodegradable metal for use as an orthopaedic material. As a biocompatible and degradable metal, it has several advantages over the permanent metallic materials currently in use, including eliminating the effects of stress shielding, improving biocompatibility concerns in vivo and improving degradation properties, removing the requirement of a second surgery for implant removal. The rapid degradation of magnesium, however, is a double-edged sword as it is necessary to control the corrosion rates of the materials to match the rates of bone healing. In response, calcium phosphate coatings have been suggested as a means to control these corrosion rates. The potential calcium phosphate phases and their coating techniques on substrates are numerous and can provide several different properties for different applications. The reactivity and low melting point of magnesium, however, require specific parameters for calcium phosphate coatings to be successful. Within this review, an overview of the different calcium phosphate phases, their properties and their behaviour in vitro and in vivo has been provided, followed by the current coating techniques used for calcium phosphates that may be or may have been adapted for magnesium substrates. Copyright © 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Magnesium-DNA interactions and the possible relation of magnesium to carcinogenesis. Irradiation and free radicals.

    PubMed

    Anastassopoulou, J; Theophanides, T

    2002-04-01

    Magnesium deficiency causes renal complications. The appearance of several diseases is related to its depletion in the human body. In radiotherapy, as well as in chemotherapy, especially in treatment of cancers with cis-platinum, hypomagnesaemia is observed. The site effects of chemotherapy that are due to hypomagnesaemia are decreased using Mg supplements. The role of magnesium in DNA stabilization is concentration dependent. At high concentrations there is an accumulation of Mg binding, which induces conformational changes leading to Z-DNA, while at low concentration there is deficiency and destabilization of DNA. The biological and clinical consequences of abnormal concentrations are DNA cleavage leading to diseases and cancer. Carcinogenesis and cell growth are also magnesium-ion concentration dependent. Several reports point out that the interaction of magnesium in the presence of other metal ions showed that there is synergism with Li and Mn, but there is magnesium antagonism in DNA binding with the essential metal ions in the order: Zn>Mg>Ca. In the case of toxic metals such as Cd, Ga and Ni there is also antagonism for DNA binding. It was found from radiolysis of deaerated aqueous solutions of the nucleoside 5'-guanosine monophosphate (5'-GMP) in the presence as well as in the absence of magnesium ions that, although the addition of hydroxyl radicals (*OH) has been increased by 2-fold, the opening of the imidazole ring of the guanine base was prevented. This effect was due to the binding of Mg2+ ions to N7 site of the molecule by stabilizing the five-member ring imitating cis-platinum. It was also observed using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Fast Atom Bombardment mass spectrometry that *OH radicals subtract H atoms from the C1', C4' and C5' sites of the nucleotide. Irradiation of 5'-GMP in the presence of oxygen (2.5 x 10(-4) M) shows that magnesium is released from the complex. There is spectroscopic evidence that

  19. Nanostructured magnesium has fewer detrimental effects on osteoblast function.

    PubMed

    Weng, Lucy; Webster, Thomas J

    2013-01-01

    Efforts have been made recently to implement nanoscale surface features on magnesium, a biodegradable metal, to increase bone formation. Compared with normal magnesium, nanostructured magnesium has unique characteristics, including increased grain boundary properties, surface to volume ratio, surface roughness, and surface energy, which may influence the initial adsorption of proteins known to promote the function of osteoblasts (bone-forming cells). Previous studies have shown that one way to increase nanosurface roughness on magnesium is to soak the metal in NaOH. However, it has not been determined if degradation of magnesium is altered by creating nanoscale features on its surface to influence osteoblast density. The aim of the present in vitro study was to determine the influence of degradation of nanostructured magnesium, created by soaking in NaOH, on osteoblast density. Our results showed a less detrimental effect of magnesium degradation on osteoblast density when magnesium was treated with NaOH to create nanoscale surface features. The detrimental degradation products of magnesium are of significant concern when considering use of magnesium as an orthopedic implant material, and this study identified a surface treatment, ie, soaking in NaOH to create nanoscale features for magnesium that can improve its use in numerous orthopedic applications.

  20. Nanostructured magnesium has fewer detrimental effects on osteoblast function

    PubMed Central

    Weng, Lucy; Webster, Thomas J

    2013-01-01

    Efforts have been made recently to implement nanoscale surface features on magnesium, a biodegradable metal, to increase bone formation. Compared with normal magnesium, nanostructured magnesium has unique characteristics, including increased grain boundary properties, surface to volume ratio, surface roughness, and surface energy, which may influence the initial adsorption of proteins known to promote the function of osteoblasts (bone-forming cells). Previous studies have shown that one way to increase nanosurface roughness on magnesium is to soak the metal in NaOH. However, it has not been determined if degradation of magnesium is altered by creating nanoscale features on its surface to influence osteoblast density. The aim of the present in vitro study was to determine the influence of degradation of nanostructured magnesium, created by soaking in NaOH, on osteoblast density. Our results showed a less detrimental effect of magnesium degradation on osteoblast density when magnesium was treated with NaOH to create nanoscale surface features. The detrimental degradation products of magnesium are of significant concern when considering use of magnesium as an orthopedic implant material, and this study identified a surface treatment, ie, soaking in NaOH to create nanoscale features for magnesium that can improve its use in numerous orthopedic applications. PMID:23674891

  1. Metal Preferences and Metallation*

    PubMed Central

    Foster, Andrew W.; Osman, Deenah; Robinson, Nigel J.

    2014-01-01

    The metal binding preferences of most metalloproteins do not match their metal requirements. Thus, metallation of an estimated 30% of metalloenzymes is aided by metal delivery systems, with ∼25% acquiring preassembled metal cofactors. The remaining ∼70% are presumed to compete for metals from buffered metal pools. Metallation is further aided by maintaining the relative concentrations of these pools as an inverse function of the stabilities of the respective metal complexes. For example, magnesium enzymes always prefer to bind zinc, and these metals dominate the metalloenzymes without metal delivery systems. Therefore, the buffered concentration of zinc is held at least a million-fold below magnesium inside most cells. PMID:25160626

  2. 49 CFR 8.19 - Procedures for submitting and processing requests for classification reviews.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... for classification reviews. 8.19 Section 8.19 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: CLASSIFICATION/DECLASSIFICATION/ACCESS Classification/Declassification of Information § 8.19 Procedures for submitting and processing requests for classification reviews. (a) The Director...

  3. 78 FR 1834 - Magnesium Metal From the People's Republic of China: Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-09

    ... People's Republic of China: Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review; 2011-2012... on magnesium metal from the People's Republic of China (``PRC''). The period of review (``POR'') is... From the People's Republic of China, 70 FR 19928 (April 15, 2005), remains dispositive. Background On...

  4. Relative association of Rubisco with manganese and magnesium as a regulatory mechanism in plants.

    PubMed

    Bloom, Arnold J; Kameritsch, Petra

    2017-12-01

    Rubisco, the enzyme that constitutes as much as half of the protein in a leaf, initiates either the photorespiratory pathway that supplies reductant for the assimilation of nitrate into amino acids or the C3 carbon fixation pathway that generates carbohydrates. The relative rates of these two pathways depend both on the relative extent to which O 2 and CO 2 occupies the active site of Rubisco and on whether manganese or magnesium is bound to the enzyme. This study quantified the activities of manganese and magnesium in isolated tobacco chloroplasts and the thermodynamics of binding of these metals to Rubisco purified from tobacco or a bacterium. In tobacco chloroplasts, manganese was less active than magnesium, but Rubisco purified from tobacco had a higher affinity for manganese. The activity of each metal in the chloroplast was similar in magnitude to the affinity of tobacco Rubisco for each. This indicates that, in tobacco chloroplasts, Rubisco associates almost equally with both metals and rapidly exchanges one metal for the other. Binding of magnesium was similar in Rubisco from tobacco and a bacterium, whereas binding of manganese differed greatly between the Rubisco from these species. Moreover, the ratio of leaf manganese to magnesium in C3 plants increased as atmospheric CO 2 increased. These results suggest that Rubisco has evolved to improve the energy transfers between photorespiration and nitrate assimilation and that plants regulate manganese and magnesium activities in the chloroplast to mitigate detrimental changes in their nitrogen/carbon balance as atmospheric CO 2 varies. © 2017 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.

  5. 30 CFR 942.819 - Special performance standards-Auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Special performance standards-Auger mining. 942.819 Section 942.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE TENNESSEE...

  6. 30 CFR 947.819 - Special performance standards-auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Special performance standards-auger mining. 947.819 Section 947.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE WASHINGTON...

  7. 30 CFR 939.819 - Special performance standards-auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Special performance standards-auger mining. 939.819 Section 939.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE RHODE ISLAND...

  8. 30 CFR 922.819 - Special performance standards-auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Special performance standards-auger mining. 922.819 Section 922.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE MICHIGAN...

  9. 30 CFR 941.819 - Special performance standards-auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Special performance standards-auger mining. 941.819 Section 941.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE SOUTH DAKOTA...

  10. 30 CFR 933.819 - Special performance standards-auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Special performance standards-auger mining. 933.819 Section 933.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE NORTH...

  11. 30 CFR 921.819 - Special performance standards-auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Special performance standards-auger mining. 921.819 Section 921.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE MASSACHUSETTS...

  12. 30 CFR 905.819 - Special performance standards-Auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Special performance standards-Auger mining. 905.819 Section 905.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE CALIFORNIA...

  13. 30 CFR 939.819 - Special performance standards-auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Special performance standards-auger mining. 939.819 Section 939.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE RHODE ISLAND...

  14. 30 CFR 922.819 - Special performance standards-auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Special performance standards-auger mining. 922.819 Section 922.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE MICHIGAN...

  15. 30 CFR 921.819 - Special performance standards-auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Special performance standards-auger mining. 921.819 Section 921.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE MASSACHUSETTS...

  16. 30 CFR 905.819 - Special performance standards-Auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Special performance standards-Auger mining. 905.819 Section 905.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE CALIFORNIA...

  17. 30 CFR 941.819 - Special performance standards-auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Special performance standards-auger mining. 941.819 Section 941.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE SOUTH DAKOTA...

  18. 30 CFR 933.819 - Special performance standards-auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Special performance standards-auger mining. 933.819 Section 933.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE NORTH...

  19. 30 CFR 942.819 - Special performance standards-Auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Special performance standards-Auger mining. 942.819 Section 942.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE TENNESSEE...

  20. 30 CFR 947.819 - Special performance standards-auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Special performance standards-auger mining. 947.819 Section 947.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE WASHINGTON...

  1. Development of magnesium-based biodegradable metals with dietary trace element germanium as orthopaedic implant applications.

    PubMed

    Bian, Dong; Zhou, Weirui; Deng, Jiuxu; Liu, Yang; Li, Wenting; Chu, Xiao; Xiu, Peng; Cai, Hong; Kou, Yuhui; Jiang, Baoguo; Zheng, Yufeng

    2017-12-01

    From the perspective of element biosafety and dietetics, the ideal alloying elements for magnesium should be those which are essential to or naturally presented in human body. Element germanium is a unique metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors, Si and Sn. It is a dietary trace element that naturally presents in human body. Physiological role of Ge is still unanswered, but it might be necessary to ensure normal functioning of the body. In present study, novel magnesium alloys with dietary trace element Ge were developed. Feasibility of those alloys to be used as orthopaedic implant applications was systematically evaluated. Mg-Ge alloys consisted of α-Mg matrix and eutectic phases (α-Mg + Mg 2 Ge). Mechanical properties of Mg-Ge alloys were comparable to current Mg-Ca, Mg-Zn and Mg-Sr biodegradable metals. As-rolled Mg-3Ge alloy exhibited outstanding corrosion resistance in vitro (0.02 mm/y, electrochemical) with decent corrosion rate in vivo (0.6 mm/y, in rabbit tibia). New bone could directly lay down onto the implant and grew along its surface. After 3 months, bone and implant were closely integrated, indicating well osseointegration being obtained. Generally, this is a pioneering study on the in vitro and in vivo performances of novel Mg-Ge based biodegradable metals, and will benefit the future development of this alloy system. The ideal alloying elements for magnesium-based biodegradable metals should be those which are essential to or naturally presented in human body. Element germanium is a unique metalloid in the carbon group. It is a dietary trace element that naturally presents in human body. In present study, feasibility of Mg-Ge alloys to be utilized as orthopedic applications was systematically investigated, mainly focusing on the microstructure, mechanical property, corrosion behavior and biocompatibility. Our findings showed that Mg-3Ge alloy exhibited superior corrosion resistance to current Mg-Ca, Mg

  2. 30 CFR 937.819 - Special performance standards-auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Special performance standards-auger mining. 937.819 Section 937.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE OREGON § 937...

  3. 30 CFR 937.819 - Special performance standards-auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Special performance standards-auger mining. 937.819 Section 937.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE OREGON § 937...

  4. 30 CFR 912.819 - Special performance standards-auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Special performance standards-auger mining. 912.819 Section 912.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE IDAHO § 912...

  5. 30 CFR 937.819 - Special performance standards-auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Special performance standards-auger mining. 937.819 Section 937.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE OREGON § 937...

  6. 30 CFR 903.819 - Special performance standards-Auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Special performance standards-Auger mining. 903.819 Section 903.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE ARIZONA § 903...

  7. 30 CFR 910.819 - Special performance standards-auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Special performance standards-auger mining. 910.819 Section 910.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE GEORGIA § 910...

  8. 30 CFR 912.819 - Special performance standards-auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Special performance standards-auger mining. 912.819 Section 912.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE IDAHO § 912...

  9. 30 CFR 937.819 - Special performance standards-auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Special performance standards-auger mining. 937.819 Section 937.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE OREGON § 937...

  10. 30 CFR 910.819 - Special performance standards-auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Special performance standards-auger mining. 910.819 Section 910.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE GEORGIA § 910...

  11. 30 CFR 903.819 - Special performance standards-Auger mining.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Special performance standards-Auger mining. 903.819 Section 903.819 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROGRAMS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS WITHIN EACH STATE ARIZONA § 903...

  12. 17 CFR 8.19 - Appeal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXCHANGE PROCEDURES FOR DISCIPLINARY, SUMMARY, AND MEMBERSHIP DENIAL ACTIONS Disciplinary Procedure § 8.19 Appeal. The rules of an exchange may permit a respondent to appeal promptly an adverse decision of a disciplinary committee in all or in...

  13. 48 CFR 819.7105 - Incentives for prime contractor participation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7105... mentor to provide developmental assistance, as described in 819.7110 to fulfill the terms of their... mentor's responsible audit agency under FAR 42.703-1, VA will consider these costs in determining...

  14. 33 CFR 117.821 - Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, Albermarle Sound to Sunset Beach.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, Albermarle Sound to Sunset Beach. 117.821 Section 117.821 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD... § 117.821 Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, Albermarle Sound to Sunset Beach. (a) The drawbridges across...

  15. 33 CFR 117.821 - Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, Albermarle Sound to Sunset Beach.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, Albermarle Sound to Sunset Beach. 117.821 Section 117.821 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD... § 117.821 Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, Albermarle Sound to Sunset Beach. (a) The drawbridges across...

  16. 33 CFR 117.821 - Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, Albermarle Sound to Sunset Beach.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, Albermarle Sound to Sunset Beach. 117.821 Section 117.821 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD... § 117.821 Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, Albermarle Sound to Sunset Beach. (a) The drawbridges across...

  17. 33 CFR 117.821 - Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, Albermarle Sound to Sunset Beach.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, Albermarle Sound to Sunset Beach. 117.821 Section 117.821 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD... § 117.821 Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, Albermarle Sound to Sunset Beach. (a) The drawbridges across...

  18. Thin Metallic Films from Solvated Metal Atoms.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-07-14

    platinium , and especially indium are discussed. N, ; ,, -- !, : N) By Dist , , . N S f1 -- ~~r, 821-19 C[ Thin metallic films from solvated metal atoms...metallic films. Cold, palladium, platinium , and especially indium are discussed. 1- INTRQDUCTION In the field of chemistry an active and broad area of

  19. 27 CFR 19.821 - Production of vinegar by the vaporizing process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Production of vinegar by the vaporizing process. 19.821 Section 19.821 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND... Vinegar by the Vaporizing Process Scope of Subpart § 19.821 Production of vinegar by the vaporizing...

  20. 48 CFR 819.7101 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7101 Purpose. The VA Mentor-Protégé Program is... businesses (VOSBs) in enhancing their capabilities to perform contracts and subcontracts for VA. The Mentor...

  1. Proliferation of twinning in hexagonal close-packed metals: Application to magnesium

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sun, D.; Ponga, M.; Bhattacharya, K.; Ortiz, M.

    2018-03-01

    Plastic deformation of metallic alloys usually takes place through slip, but occasionally involves twinning. In particular, twinning is important in hexagonal close packed (HCP) materials where the easy slip systems are insufficient to accommodate arbitrary deformations. While deformation by slip mechanisms is reasonably well understood, comparatively less is known about deformation by twinning. Indeed, the identification of relevant twinning modes remains an art. In this paper, we develop a framework combining a fundamental kinematic definition of twins with large-scale atomistic calculations to predict twinning modes of crystalline materials. We apply this framework to magnesium where there are two accepted twin modes, tension and compression, but a number of anomalous observations. Remarkably, our framework shows that there is a very large number of twinning modes that are important in magnesium. Thus, in contrast to the traditional view that plastic deformation is kinematically partitioned between a few modes, our results suggest that deformation in HCP materials is the result of an energetic and kinetic competition between numerous possibilities. Consequently, our findings suggest that the commonly used models of deformation need to be extended in order to take into account a broader and richer variety of twin modes, which, in turn, opens up new avenues for improving the mechanical properties.

  2. 48 CFR 819.7111 - Obligations under the Mentor-Protégé Program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Mentor-Protégé Program. 819.7111 Section 819.7111 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7111 Obligations under the Mentor-Protégé Program. (a) A mentor or protégé may voluntarily withdraw from the...

  3. Methods of deoxygenating metals having oxygen dissolved therein in a solid solution

    DOEpatents

    Zhang, Ying; Fang, Zhigang Zak; Sun, Pei; Xia, Yang; Zhou, Chengshang

    2017-06-06

    A method of deoxygenating metal can include forming a mixture of: a metal having oxygen dissolved therein in a solid solution, at least one of metallic magnesium and magnesium hydride, and a magnesium-containing salt. The mixture can be heated at a deoxygenation temperature for a period of time under a hydrogen-containing atmosphere to form a deoxygenated metal. The deoxygenated metal can then be cooled. The deoxygenated metal can optionally be subjected to leaching to remove by-products, followed by washing and drying to produce a final deoxygenated metal.

  4. 48 CFR 819.7110 - Developmental assistance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7110 Developmental assistance. The forms of developmental assistance a mentor can provide to a protégé include, but are not limited...

  5. 30 CFR 75.819 - Motor-starter enclosures; barriers and interlocks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Motor-starter enclosures; barriers and interlocks. 75.819 Section 75.819 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Underground High...

  6. 21 CFR 821.55 - Confidentiality.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... permission to release, the patient's name, address, telephone number, and social security number, or other... MEDICAL DEVICE TRACKING REQUIREMENTS Records and Inspections § 821.55 Confidentiality. (a) Any patient... identify patient or research subjects shall not be available for public disclosure except as provided in...

  7. 21 CFR 821.55 - Confidentiality.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... MEDICAL DEVICE TRACKING REQUIREMENTS Records and Inspections § 821.55 Confidentiality. (a) Any patient receiving a device subject to tracking requirements under this part may refuse to release, or refuse... identifying information for the purpose of tracking. (b) Records and other information submitted to FDA under...

  8. Fluid Bed Dehydration of Magnesium Chloride

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Adham, K.; Lee, C.; O'Keefe, K.

    Molten salt electrolysis of MgCl2 is commonly used for the production of magnesium metal. However, the electrolysis feed must be completely dry with minimum oxygen content. Therefore, complete dehydration of the MgCl2 brine or the hydrated prill is a required process, which is very challenging because of the ease of thermal degradation due to hydrolysis of magnesium chloride.

  9. 49 CFR 821.16 - Interlocutory appeals from law judges' rulings on motions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Appealable Orders § 821.16 Interlocutory appeals from law judges' rulings on motions. Rulings of law judges... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Interlocutory appeals from law judges' rulings on motions. 821.16 Section 821.16 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued...

  10. 49 CFR 821.16 - Interlocutory appeals from law judges' rulings on motions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Appealable Orders § 821.16 Interlocutory appeals from law judges' rulings on motions. Rulings of law judges... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Interlocutory appeals from law judges' rulings on motions. 821.16 Section 821.16 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued...

  11. 49 CFR 821.16 - Interlocutory appeals from law judges' rulings on motions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Appealable Orders § 821.16 Interlocutory appeals from law judges' rulings on motions. Rulings of law judges... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Interlocutory appeals from law judges' rulings on motions. 821.16 Section 821.16 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued...

  12. 49 CFR 821.16 - Interlocutory appeals from law judges' rulings on motions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Appealable Orders § 821.16 Interlocutory appeals from law judges' rulings on motions. Rulings of law judges... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Interlocutory appeals from law judges' rulings on motions. 821.16 Section 821.16 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued...

  13. 49 CFR 821.16 - Interlocutory appeals from law judges' rulings on motions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Appealable Orders § 821.16 Interlocutory appeals from law judges' rulings on motions. Rulings of law judges... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Interlocutory appeals from law judges' rulings on motions. 821.16 Section 821.16 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued...

  14. Corrosion in Magnesium and a Magnesium Alloy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Akavipat, Sanay

    Magnesium and a magnesium alloy (AZ91C) have been ion implanted over a range of ions energies (50 to 150 keV) and doses (1 x 10('16) to 2 x 10('17) ions/cm('2)) to modify the corrosion properties of the metals. The corrosion tests were done by anodic polarization in chloride -free and chloride-containing aqueous solutions of a borated -boric acid with a pH of 9.3. Anodic polarization measurements showed that some implantations could greatly reduce the corrosion current densities at all impressed voltages and also increased slightly the pitting potential, which indicated the onset of the chloride attack. These improvements in corrosion resistance were caused by boron implantations into both types of samples. However, iron implantations were found to improve only the magnesium alloy. To study the corrosion in more detail, Scanning Auger Microprobe Spectrometer (SAM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with an X-ray Energy Spectrometry (XES) attachment, and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) measurements were used to analyze samples before, after, and at various corrosion stages. In both the unimplanted pure magnesium and AZ91C samples, anodic polarization results revealed that there were three active corrosion stages (Stages A, C, and E) and two passivating stages (Stages B and D). Examination of Stages A and B in both types of samples showed that only a mild, generalized corrosion had occurred. In Stage C of the TD samples, a pitting breakdown in the initial oxide film was observed. In Stage C of the AZ91C samples, galvanic and intergranular attack around the Mg(,17)Al(,12) intermetallic islands and along the matrix grain boundaries was observed. Stage D of both samples showed the formation of a thick, passivating oxygen containing, probably Mg(OH)(,2) film. In Stage E, this film was broken down by pits, which formed due to the presence of the chloride ions in both types of samples. Stages A through D of the unimplanted samples were not seen in the boron or iron

  15. Intravenous magnesium sulfate with and without EDTA as a magnesium load test-is magnesium deficiency widespread?

    PubMed

    Waters, Robert S; Fernholz, Karen; Bryden, Noella A; Anderson, Richard A

    2008-09-01

    Serum/plasma measurements do not reflect magnesium deficits in clinical situations, and magnesium load tests are used as a more accurate method to identify magnesium deficiency in a variety of disease states as well as in subclinical conditions. The objective of this study was to determine if people are indeed magnesium deficient or if the apparent magnesium deficiency is due to the composition of the infusate used in the load test. Magnesium load tests were performed on seven patients using three different Mg solution infusions-a Mg-EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid)-nutrient cocktail used in EDTA chelation therapy containing several components including vitamins and minerals, and the same cocktail without EDTA and an infusion of an identical amount of magnesium in normal saline solution. There was no significant difference in the amount of magnesium retained in the 24 h after infusion among the three infusates. All infusates resulted in very high magnesium retention compared to previous published magnesium load studies. Magnesium deficiency may be widespread, and the relationship of Mg deficiency to related diseases requires further study.

  16. 48 CFR 819.7113 - Reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7113 Reports. (a) Mentor and protégé entities shall submit to VA's OSDBU bi-annual reports on progress under the Mentor-Protégé Agreement. VA will evaluate reports by considering the following: (1) Specific actions taken by the mentor during the...

  17. Forced-flow chromatographic determination of calcium and magnesium with continuous spectrophotometric detection

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Arguello, M.D.

    1977-12-01

    Modifications to the forced-flow chromatograph include a flow-through pH monitor to continuously monitor the pH of the final effluent and an active low-pass filter to eliminate noise in the spectrophotometric detector. All separations are performed using partially sulfonated XAD-2 as the ion exchanger. Elution of calcium and magnesium is accomplished using ammonium chloride and ethylenediammonium chloride solutions. Calcium and magnesium are detected by means of Arsenazo I and PAR-ZnEDTA color-forming reagents. Other metal ions are detected by means of PAR and Chromazurol S color-forming reagents. Calcium and magnesium distribution coefficients on partially sulfonated XAD-2 as functions of ammonium chloride andmore » ethylenediammonium chloride concentration are given together with distribution coefficients of other metal ions. Methods for the selective elution of interfering metal ions prior to the elution of calcium and magnesium are described. Beryllium and aluminum are selectively eluted with sulfosalicylic acid. Those elements forming anionic chloride complexes are selectively eluted with HCl-acetone. Nickel is selectively eluted with HCl-acetone-dimethylglyoxime. Synthetic samples containing calcium and magnesium, both alone and in combination with alkali metals, strontium, barium, beryllium, aluminum, transition metals, and rare earths, are analyzed. Hard water samples are analyzed for calcium and magnesium and the results compared to those obtained by EDTA titration, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and plasma emission spectroscopy. Several clinical serum samples are analyzed for calcium and magnesium and the results compared to those obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy.« less

  18. 48 CFR 819.7007 - Sole source awards to service-disabled veteran-owned small business concerns.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... service-disabled veteran-owned small business concerns. 819.7007 Section 819.7007 Federal Acquisition...-Disabled Veteran-Owned and Veteran-Owned Small Business Acquisition Program 819.7007 Sole source awards to service-disabled veteran-owned small business concerns. (a) A contracting officer may award contracts to...

  19. 48 CFR 819.7007 - Sole source awards to service-disabled veteran-owned small business concerns.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... service-disabled veteran-owned small business concerns. 819.7007 Section 819.7007 Federal Acquisition...-Disabled Veteran-Owned and Veteran-Owned Small Business Acquisition Program 819.7007 Sole source awards to service-disabled veteran-owned small business concerns. (a) A contracting officer may award contracts to...

  20. 48 CFR 819.7007 - Sole source awards to service-disabled veteran-owned small business concerns.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... service-disabled veteran-owned small business concerns. 819.7007 Section 819.7007 Federal Acquisition...-Disabled Veteran-Owned and Veteran-Owned Small Business Acquisition Program 819.7007 Sole source awards to service-disabled veteran-owned small business concerns. (a) A contracting officer may award contracts to...

  1. 48 CFR 819.7007 - Sole source awards to service-disabled veteran-owned small business concerns.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... service-disabled veteran-owned small business concerns. 819.7007 Section 819.7007 Federal Acquisition...-Disabled Veteran-Owned and Veteran-Owned Small Business Acquisition Program 819.7007 Sole source awards to service-disabled veteran-owned small business concerns. (a) A contracting officer may award contracts to...

  2. 48 CFR 819.7007 - Sole source awards to service-disabled veteran-owned small business concerns.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... service-disabled veteran-owned small business concerns. 819.7007 Section 819.7007 Federal Acquisition...-Disabled Veteran-Owned and Veteran-Owned Small Business Acquisition Program 819.7007 Sole source awards to service-disabled veteran-owned small business concerns. (a) A contracting officer may award contracts to...

  3. Effect of DNA-CTMA complex on optical properties of LDS 821 dye

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Udayan, Sony; Ramachandran, Vijesh Kavumoottil; Sebastian, Mathew; Chandran, Pradeep; Nampoori, Vadakkedath Parameswaran Narayanan; Thomas, Sheenu

    2017-07-01

    We have investigated the fluorescence behavior of LDS 821 dye (Styryl 9 M) with deoxyribonucleic acid attached with cetyltrimethyl-ammonium (DNA-CTMA). Optical absorption studies confirm the intercalation of the dye molecules with DNA-CTMA. Fluorescence studies show an enhancement of fluorescence intensity of dye with DNA-CTMA, which suggest the reduction of TICT states of the dye molecule. The FWHM of the fluorescence spectrum increases from 95 nm to 161 nm indicating the formation of new energy levels when DNA-CTMA forms a complex with LDS 821 dye. Fluorescence lifetime measurements shows that lifetime of LDS 821 varies from 507ps to 953 ps with the addition of DNA-CTMA, which also confirms the deactivation of TICT states of dye molecule. Results show that the incorporation of DNA-CTMA with LDS 821 dye improves the optical characteristics of LDS 821 dye and therefore, can be used as a good fluorescence probe for DNA visualization as well as in lasing applications.

  4. 49 CFR 821.33 - Motion to dismiss stale complaint.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Motion to dismiss stale complaint. 821.33 Section... U.S.C. 44709 § 821.33 Motion to dismiss stale complaint. Where the complaint states allegations of... reasons for proposed action under 49 U.S.C. 44709(c), the respondent may move to dismiss such allegations...

  5. Carbothermal Production of Magnesium: Csiro's Magsonic™ Process

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Prentice, Leon H.; Nagle, Michael W.; Barton, Timothy R. D.; Tassios, Steven; Kuan, Benny T.; Witt, Peter J.; Constanti-Carey, Keri K.

    Carbothermal production has been recognized as conceptually the simplest and cleanest route to magnesium metal, but has suffered from technical challenges of development and scale-up. Work by CSIRO has now successfully demonstrated the technology using supersonic quenching of magnesium vapor (the MagSonic™ Process). Key barriers to process development have been overcome: the experimental program has achieved sustained operation, no nozzle blockage, minimal reversion, and safe handling of pyrophoric powders. The laboratory equipment has been operated at industrially relevant magnesium vapor concentrations (>25% Mg) for multiple runs with no blockage. Novel computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of the shock quenching and metal vapor condensation has informed nozzle design and is supported by experimental data. Reversion below 10% has been demonstrated, and magnesium successfully purified (>99.9%) from the collected powder. Safe operating procedures have been developed and demonstrated, minimizing the risk of powder explosion. The MagSonic™ Process is now ready to progress to significantly larger scale and continuous operation.

  6. 48 CFR 819.7006 - Veteran-owned small business set-aside procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Veteran-owned small business set-aside procedures. 819.7006 Section 819.7006 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned and...

  7. 48 CFR 819.7102 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7102 Definitions. (a) A Mentor is a... designed to enhance the business success of the protégé. A mentor may be a large or small business concern..., including the Mentor-Protégé Program. (c) Program refers to the VA Mentor-Protégé Program as described in...

  8. NREL Research Overcomes Major Technical Obstacles in Magnesium-Metal

    Science.gov Websites

    Chunmei Ban are co-authors of the Nature Chemistry white paper, "An Artificial Interphase Enables corresponding author of the paper, "An Artificial Interphase Enables Reversible Magnesium Chemistry in an artificial solid-electrolyte interphase from polyacrylonitrile and magnesium-ion salt that

  9. A Preliminary Study of the Preparation of Slurry Fuels from Vaporized Magnesium

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Witzke, Walter R; Prok, George M; Walsh, Thomas J

    1954-01-01

    Slurry fuels containing extremely small particles of magnesium were prepared by concentrating the dilute slurry product resulting from the shock-cooling of magnesium metal vapors with a liquid hydrocarbon spray. A complete description of the equipment and procedure used in preparing the fuel is given. Ninety-five percent by weight of the solid particles formed by this process passed through a 100-mesh screen. The particle-size distribution of the screened fraction of one run, as determined by sedimentation analysis, indicated that 73 percent by weight of the metal particles were finer than 2 microns in equivalent spherical diameter. The purity of the solid particles ranged as high as 98.9 percent by weight of free magnesium. The screened product was concentrated by means of a bowl-type centrifuge from 0.5 to more than 50 percent by weight solids content to form an extremely viscous, clay-like mass. By addition of a surface active agent, this viscous material was converted into a pumpable slurry fuel.

  10. Formation of chemically bonded ceramics with magnesium dihydrogen phosphate binder

    DOEpatents

    Wagh, Arun S.; Jeong, Seung-Young

    2004-08-17

    A new method for combining magnesium oxide, MgO, and magnesium dihydrogen phosphate to form an inexpensive compactible ceramic to stabilize very low solubility metal oxides, ashes, swarfs, and other iron or metal-based additives, to create products and waste forms which can be poured or dye cast, and to reinforce and strengthen the ceramics formed by the addition of fibers to the initial ceramic mixture.

  11. Magnesium Electrorefining in Non-Aqueous Electrolyte at Room Temperature

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kwon, Kyungjung; Park, Jesik; Kusumah, Priyandi; Dilasari, Bonita; Kim, Hansu; Lee, Churl Kyoung

    Magnesium, of which application is often limited by its poor corrosion resistance, is more vulnerable to corrosion with existence of metal impurities such as Fe. Therefore, for the refining and recycling of magnesium, high temperature electrolysis using molten salts has been frequently adopted. In this report, the purification of magnesium scrap by electrolysis at room temperature is investigated with non-aqueous electrolytes. An aprotic solvent of tetrahydrofuran (THF) was used as a solvent of the electrolyte. Magnesium scrap was used as anode materials and ethyl magnesium bromide (EtMgBr) was dissolved in THF for magnesium source. The purified magnesium can be uniformly electrodeposited on copper electrode under potentiostatic conditions. The deposits were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis.

  12. 49 CFR 821.14 - Motions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., and Appeals From Law Judges Initial Decisions and Appealable Orders § 821.14 Motions. (a) General. Any... shall be by motion. Prior to the assignment of the proceeding to a law judge, all motions shall be... from the law judge's initial decision may be filed, all motions shall be addressed to the law judge. At...

  13. 49 CFR 821.14 - Motions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., and Appeals From Law Judges Initial Decisions and Appealable Orders § 821.14 Motions. (a) General. Any... shall be by motion. Prior to the assignment of the proceeding to a law judge, all motions shall be... from the law judge's initial decision may be filed, all motions shall be addressed to the law judge. At...

  14. 49 CFR 821.14 - Motions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., and Appeals From Law Judges Initial Decisions and Appealable Orders § 821.14 Motions. (a) General. Any... shall be by motion. Prior to the assignment of the proceeding to a law judge, all motions shall be... from the law judge's initial decision may be filed, all motions shall be addressed to the law judge. At...

  15. 42 CFR 8.21 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS CERTIFICATION OF OPIOID... Adverse Action Regarding Withdrawal of Approval of an Accreditation Body § 8.21 Applicability. The... body of an adverse action taken regarding withdrawal of approval of the accreditation body under the...

  16. 42 CFR 8.21 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS CERTIFICATION OF OPIOID... Adverse Action Regarding Withdrawal of Approval of an Accreditation Body § 8.21 Applicability. The... body of an adverse action taken regarding withdrawal of approval of the accreditation body under the...

  17. A Study of Magnesium-Base Metallic Systems and Development of Principles for Creation of Corrosion-Resistant Magnesium Alloys

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mukhina, I. Yu.

    2014-11-01

    The effect of 26 alloying elements on the corrosion resistance of high-purity magnesium in a 0.5-n solution of sodium chloride and in a humid atmosphere (0.005 n) is studied. The Mg - Li, Mg - Ag, Mg - Zn, Mg - Cu, Mg - Gd, Mg - Al, Mg - Zr, Mg - Mn and other binary systems, which present interest as a base for commercial or perspective castable magnesium alloys, are studied. The characteristics of corrosion resistance of the binary alloys are analyzed in accordance with the group and period of the Mendeleev's periodic law. The roles of the electrochemical and volume factors and of the factor of the valence of the dissolved element are determined.

  18. Cytocompatibility of Siloxane-Containing Vaterite/Poly(l-lactic acid) Composite Coatings on Metallic Magnesium.

    PubMed

    Yamada, Shinya; Maeda, Hirotaka; Obata, Akiko; Lohbauer, Ulrich; Yamamoto, Akiko; Kasuga, Toshihiro

    2013-12-12

    Poly(l-lactic acid)-based films which include 60 wt % of vaterite (V) or siloxane-containing vaterite (SiV) were coated on a pure magnesium substrate, denoted by PLLA/V or PLLA/SiV, respectively, to suppress early corrosion and improve its cytocompatibility. Both coating films adhered to the Mg substrate with 2.3-2.8 MPa of tensile bonding strength. Soaking test for 7 days in α-modified minimum essential medium revealed that the morphological instability of the PLLA/V film caused a higher amount of Mg 2+ ion to be released from the coating sample. On the other hand, in the case of the coating with the PLLA/SiV film, no morphological change even after the soaking test was observed, owing to the suppression of the degradation rate. In cell culture tests, the proliferation of mouse osteoblast-like cell (MC3T3-E1) was significantly enhanced by both coatings, in comparison with the uncoated magnesium substrate. The cell morphology revealed that a few less-spread cells were observed on the PLLA/V film, while more elongated cells were done on the PLLA/SiV film. The cells on the PLLA/SiV film exhibited an extremely higher alkaline phosphatase activity after 21 days of incubation than that on the PLLA/V one. The PLLA/SiV film suppressed the early corrosion and enhanced cytocompatibility on metallic magnesium.

  19. Cytocompatibility of Siloxane-Containing Vaterite/Poly(l-lactic acid) Composite Coatings on Metallic Magnesium

    PubMed Central

    Yamada, Shinya; Maeda, Hirotaka; Obata, Akiko; Lohbauer, Ulrich; Yamamoto, Akiko; Kasuga, Toshihiro

    2013-01-01

    Poly(l-lactic acid)-based films which include 60 wt % of vaterite (V) or siloxane-containing vaterite (SiV) were coated on a pure magnesium substrate, denoted by PLLA/V or PLLA/SiV, respectively, to suppress early corrosion and improve its cytocompatibility. Both coating films adhered to the Mg substrate with 2.3–2.8 MPa of tensile bonding strength. Soaking test for 7 days in α-modified minimum essential medium revealed that the morphological instability of the PLLA/V film caused a higher amount of Mg2+ ion to be released from the coating sample. On the other hand, in the case of the coating with the PLLA/SiV film, no morphological change even after the soaking test was observed, owing to the suppression of the degradation rate. In cell culture tests, the proliferation of mouse osteoblast-like cell (MC3T3-E1) was significantly enhanced by both coatings, in comparison with the uncoated magnesium substrate. The cell morphology revealed that a few less-spread cells were observed on the PLLA/V film, while more elongated cells were done on the PLLA/SiV film. The cells on the PLLA/SiV film exhibited an extremely higher alkaline phosphatase activity after 21 days of incubation than that on the PLLA/V one. The PLLA/SiV film suppressed the early corrosion and enhanced cytocompatibility on metallic magnesium. PMID:28788425

  20. FmvB: A Francisella tularensis Magnesium-Responsive Outer Membrane Protein that Plays a Role in Virulence

    PubMed Central

    Wu, Xiaojun; Ren, Guoping; Gunning, William T.; Weaver, David A.; Kalinoski, Andrea L.; Khuder, Sadik A.; Huntley, Jason F.

    2016-01-01

    Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of the lethal disease tularemia. Despite decades of research, little is understood about why F. tularensis is so virulent. Bacterial outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are involved in various virulence processes, including protein secretion, host cell attachment, and intracellular survival. Many pathogenic bacteria require metals for intracellular survival and OMPs often play important roles in metal uptake. Previous studies identified three F. tularensis OMPs that play roles in iron acquisition. In this study, we examined two previously uncharacterized proteins, FTT0267 (named fmvA, for Francisella metal and virulence) and FTT0602c (fmvB), which are homologs of the previously studied F. tularensis iron acquisition genes and are predicted OMPs. To study the potential roles of FmvA and FmvB in metal acquisition and virulence, we first examined fmvA and fmvB expression following pulmonary infection of mice, finding that fmvB was upregulated up to 5-fold during F. tularensis infection of mice. Despite sequence homology to previously-characterized iron-acquisition genes, FmvA and FmvB do not appear to be involved iron uptake, as neither fmvA nor fmvB were upregulated in iron-limiting media and neither ΔfmvA nor ΔfmvB exhibited growth defects in iron limitation. However, when other metals were examined in this study, magnesium-limitation significantly induced fmvB expression, ΔfmvB was found to express significantly higher levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in magnesium-limiting medium, and increased numbers of surface protrusions were observed on ΔfmvB in magnesium-limiting medium, compared to wild-type F. tularensis grown in magnesium-limiting medium. RNA sequencing analysis of ΔfmvB revealed the potential mechanism for increased LPS expression, as LPS synthesis genes kdtA and wbtA were significantly upregulated in ΔfmvB, compared with wild-type F. tularensis. To provide further evidence for the potential role of FmvB in

  1. Evaluating heavy metal accumulation and potential risks in soil-plant systems applied with magnesium slag-based fertilizer.

    PubMed

    Fan, Yuan; Li, Yongling; Li, Hua; Cheng, Fangqin

    2018-04-01

    Two typical Chinese soils including southern paddy soil and northern calcareous soils were used in a pot experiment to evaluate the effect of magnesium slag-based fertilizer on heavy metal accumulation and health risk in soil-plant system. The results indicated that magnesium slag-based fertilizer promoted the growth of maize plants. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in both soils amended with magnesium slag-based fertilizer were qualified for the second level criterion of Standard of Soil Environment (GB 15618-2009). Accumulation of HMs exhibited partitioning characteristics in maize plants, i.e. Cr and Cu were accumulated mainly in root and leaf parts while Pb was concentrated in roots. The order of transfer factors (TF) of HMs in different plant organs was ordered as follows: root > stem > leaf > grain. It indicated that less HMs were accumulated in the grain compared with that in other organs. The estimate daily intakes and total target hazard quotient of HMs including Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were less than 1, indicating that consumption of maize grain was at low risk and would not cause non-carcinogenic risks. From the above results, application of magnesium slag-based fertilizer at present level would not cause pollution risk for maize plants cultivated in two Chinese soils. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  2. 30 CFR 285.817-285.819 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Equipment Failure and Adverse Environmental Effects §§ 285.817-285.819 [Reserved] Inspections and... ENERGY ALTERNATE USES OF EXISTING FACILITIES ON THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Environmental and Safety...

  3. Magnesium and extinction of dinosaurs. Was magnesium deficit a major cause?

    PubMed

    Durlach, J

    1991-01-01

    Chinese researchers have recently demonstrated that, before the extinction of dinosaurs, there was an impressive lowering in the magnesium concentration of fossil dinosaur eggshell. The structural and functional importance of eggshell magnesium--mainly in the cone layer--for embryonic viability and hatchability of oviparous species supports the hypothesis that magnesium deficit may have had a direct role in dinosaur extinction. Conversely this low magnesium concentration seems a questionable marker of magnesium deficit. The natural forces involved in the extinction of dinosaurs are more likely to induce magnesium depletion than magnesium deficiency. These very interesting preliminary data call for further research.

  4. Microwave-assisted magnesium phosphate coating on the AZ31 magnesium alloy.

    PubMed

    Ren, Yufu; Babaie, Elham; Lin, Boren; Bhaduri, Sarit B

    2017-08-18

    Due to the combination of many unique properties, magnesium alloys have been widely recognized as suitable metallic materials for fabricating degradable biomedical implants. However, the extremely high degradation kinetics of magnesium alloys in the physiological environment have hindered their clinical applications. This paper reports for the first time the use of a novel microwave-assisted coating process to deposit magnesium phosphate (MgP) coatings on the Mg alloy AZ31 and improve its in vitro corrosion resistance. Newberyite and trimagnesium phosphate hydrate (TMP) layers with distinct features were fabricated at various processing times and temperatures. Subsequently, the corrosion resistance, degradation behavior, bioactivity and cytocompatibility of the MgP coated AZ31 samples were investigated. The potentiodynamic polarization tests reveal that the corrosion current density of the AZ31 magnesium alloy in simulated body fluid (SBF) is significantly suppressed by the deposited MgP coatings. Additionally, it is seen that MgP coatings remarkably reduced the mass loss of the AZ31 alloy after immersion in SBF for two weeks and promoted precipitation of apatite particles. The high viability of preosteoblast cells cultured with extracts of coated samples indicates that the MgP coatings can improve the cytocompatibility of the AZ31 alloy. These attractive results suggest that MgP coatings, serving as the protective and bioactive layer, can enhance the corrosion resistance and biological response of magnesium alloys.

  5. Differential magnesium implant corrosion coat formation and contribution to bone bonding.

    PubMed

    Rahim, Muhammad Imran; Weizbauer, Andreas; Evertz, Florian; Hoffmann, Andrea; Rohde, Manfred; Glasmacher, Birgit; Windhagen, Henning; Gross, Gerhard; Seitz, Jan-Marten; Mueller, Peter P

    2017-03-01

    Magnesium alloys are presently under investigation as promising biodegradable implant materials with osteoconductive properties. To study the molecular mechanisms involved, the potential contribution of soluble magnesium corrosion products to the stimulation of osteoblastic cell differentiation was examined. However, no evidence for the stimulation of osteoblast differentiation could be obtained when cultured mesenchymal precursor cells were differentiated in the presence of metallic magnesium or in cell culture medium containing elevated magnesium ion levels. Similarly, in soft tissue no bone induction by metallic magnesium or by the corrosion product magnesium hydroxide could be observed in a mouse model. Motivated by the comparatively rapid accumulation solid corrosion products physicochemical processes were examined as an alternative mechanism to explain the stimulation of bone growth by magnesium-based implants. During exposure to physiological solutions a structured corrosion coat formed on magnesium whereby the elements calcium and phosphate were enriched in the outermost layer which could play a role in the established biocompatible behavior of magnesium implants. When magnesium pins were inserted into avital bones, corrosion lead to increases in the pull out force, suggesting that the expanding corrosion layer was interlocking with the surrounding bone. Since mechanical stress is a well-established inducer of bone growth, volume increases caused by the rapid accumulation of corrosion products and the resulting force development could be a key mechanism and provide an explanation for the observed stimulatory effects of magnesium-based implants in hard tissue. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 697-709, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  6. 27 CFR 8.21 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... TREASURY LIQUORS EXCLUSIVE OUTLETS Prohibited Practices § 8.21 General. It is unlawful for an industry member to require, by agreement or otherwise, that any retailer purchase distilled spirits, wine, or malt beverages from the industry member to the exclusion, in whole or in part, of products sold or offered for...

  7. 49 CFR 821.60 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... reasonably be expected to be, involved in the decisional process of the proceeding; Ex parte communication means an oral or written communication not on the public record with respect to which reasonable prior... PRACTICE IN AIR SAFETY PROCEEDINGS Ex Parte Communications § 821.60 Definitions. As used in this subpart...

  8. JAK inhibitors suppress t(8;21) fusion protein-induced leukemia

    PubMed Central

    Lo, Miao-Chia; Peterson, Luke F.; Yan, Ming; Cong, Xiuli; Hickman, Justin H.; DeKelver, Russel C.; Niewerth, Denise; Zhang, Dong-Er

    2014-01-01

    Oncogenic mutations in components of the JAK/STAT pathway, including those in cytokine receptors and JAKs, lead to increased activity of downstream signaling and are frequently found in leukemia and other hematological disorders. Thus, small-molecule inhibitors of this pathway have been the focus of targeted therapy in these hematological diseases. We previously showed that t(8;21) fusion protein AML1-ETO and its alternatively spliced variant AML1-ETO9a (AE9a) enhance the JAK/STAT pathway via down-regulation of CD45, a negative regulator of this pathway. To investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting JAK/STAT in t(8;21) leukemia, we examined the effects of a JAK2-selective inhibitor TG101209 and a JAK1/2-selective inhibitor INCB18424 on t(8;21) leukemia cells. TG101209 and INCB18424 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of these cells. Furthermore, TG101209 treatment in AE9a leukemia mice reduced tumor burden and significantly prolonged survival. TG101209 also significantly impaired the leukemia-initiating potential of AE9a leukemia cells in secondary recipient mice. These results demonstrate the potential therapeutic efficacy of JAK inhibitors in treating t(8;21) AML. PMID:23812420

  9. Cytocompatibility of magnesium and AZ31 alloy with three types of cell lines using a direct in vitro method.

    PubMed

    Mochizuki, Akira; Yahata, Chie; Takai, Hung

    2016-09-01

    Magnesium alloys have been investigated by many researchers as a new absorbable biomaterial owing to their excellent degradability with non-maleficence or low-maleficence in living tissues. In the present work, the in vitro cytocompatibility of an Magnesium alloy was investigated by culturing cells directly on it. Investigations were carried out in terms of the cell viability along with the use of scanning electron microscopy to observe its morphology. The cell lines used were derived from fibroblast, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells. Pure magnesium and AZ31 alloy composed of magnesium (96 %), aluminum (3 %), and zinc (1 %) were adopted as models. The viability of cells on the metal samples and on the margin area of a multi-well plate was investigated. For direct culturing on metal, a depression in the viability and morphologically stressed cells were observed. In addition, the cell viability was also depressed for the margin area. To clarify the factors causing the negative effects, the amount of eluted metal ions and pH changes in the medium because of the erosion of the Magnesium samples were investigated, together with the cytotoxicity of sole metal ions corresponding to the composition of the metals. It was found that Mg(2+), Zn(2+), and Al(3+) ions were less toxic at the investigated concentrations, and that these factors will not produce negative effects on cells. Consequently, these factors cannot fully explain the results.

  10. Process for converting magnesium fluoride to calcium fluoride

    DOEpatents

    Kreuzmann, A.B.; Palmer, D.A.

    1984-12-21

    This invention is a process for the conversion of magnesium fluoride to calcium fluoride whereby magnesium fluoride is decomposed by heating in the presence of calcium carbonate, calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. Magnesium fluoride is a by-product of the reduction of uranium tetrafluoride to form uranium metal and has no known commercial use, thus its production creates a significant storage problem. The advantage of this invention is that the quality of calcium fluoride produced is sufficient to be used in the industrial manufacture of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, steel mill flux or ceramic applications.

  11. Magnesium ferrite nanoparticles: a rapid gas sensor for alcohol

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Godbole, Rhushikesh; Rao, Pratibha; Bhagwat, Sunita

    2017-02-01

    Highly porous spinel MgFe2O4 nanoparticles with a high specific surface area have been successfully synthesized by a sintering free auto-combustion technique and characterized for their structural and surface morphological properties using XRD, BET, TEM and SEM techniques. Their sensing properties to alcohol vapors viz. ethanol and methanol were investigated. The site occupation of metal ions was investigated by VSM. The as-synthesized sample shows the formation of sponge-like porous material which is necessary for gas adsorption. The gas sensing characteristics were obtained by measuring the gas response as a function of operating temperature, concentration of the gas, and the response-recovery time. The response of magnesium ferrite to ethanol and methanol vapors was compared and it was revealed that magnesium ferrite is more sensitive and selective to ethanol vapor. The sensor operates at a substantially low vapor concentration of about 1 ppm of alcohol vapors, exhibits fantastic response reproducibility, long term reliability and a very fast response and recovery property. Thus the present study explored the possibility of making rapidly responding alcohol vapor sensor based on magnesium ferrite. The sensing mechanism has been discussed in co-relation with magnetic and morphological properties. The role of occupancy of Mg2+ ions in magnesium ferrite on its gas sensing properties has also been studied and is found to influence the response of magnesium ferrite ethanol sensor.

  12. 48 CFR 819.7115 - Solicitation provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7115 Solicitation provisions. (a) Insert 852.219-71, VA Mentor-Protégé Program, in solicitations that include FAR clause 52.219-9, Small Business Subcontracting Plan. (b) Insert 852.219-72, Evaluation Factor for Participation in the VA Mentor...

  13. Cellular Magnesium Matrix Foam Composites for Mechanical Damping Applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shunmugasamy, Vasanth Chakravarthy; Mansoor, Bilal; Gupta, Nikhil

    2016-01-01

    The damping characteristics of metal alloys and metal matrix composites are relevant to the automotive, aerospace, and marine structures. Use of lightweight materials can help in increasing payload capacity and in decreasing fuel consumption. Lightweight composite materials possessing high damping capabilities that can be designed as structural members can greatly benefit in addressing these needs. In this context, the damping properties of lightweight metals such as aluminum and magnesium and their respective composites have been studied in the existing literature. This review focuses on analyzing the damping properties of aluminum and magnesium alloys and their cellular composites. The damping properties of various lightweight alloys and composites are compared on the basis of their density to understand the potential for weight saving in structural applications. Magnesium alloys are observed to possess better damping properties in comparison to aluminum. However, aluminum matrix syntactic foams reinforced with silicon carbide hollow particles possess a damping capacity and density comparable to magnesium alloy. By using the data presented in the study, composites with specific compositions and properties can be selected for a given application. In addition, the comparison of the results helps in identifying the areas where attention needs to be focused to address the future needs.

  14. Magnesium in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and sudden death.

    PubMed

    Singh, R B; Singh, V P; Cameron, E A

    1981-01-01

    Magnesium ions are important for maintaining the functional and structural integrity of the myocardium. Epidemiologic studies suggest that myocardial hypomagnecytia can predispose to sudden cardiac death and that hard water protective factor preventing heart attack could be magnesium. Recent studies show that infarcted portion of the myocardium has lowered magnesium content as compared to noninfarcted segment. Magnesium deficiency sensitises the myocardium to the toxic effect of various drugs, hypoxia etc. and magnesium administration is protective. The metabolic, biochemical and electrophysiologic effects of magnesium appear to be significant in treatment of myocardial ischaemia. Magnesium is a metal-coenzyme and activates adenosine-triphosphatase which may be inhibited by nonglucose fuels like lactate and free fatty acids. Magnesium deficiency may be responsible for the chronic electrical instability of the myocardium predisposing to sudden cardiac death. The acute precipitating stress dependent trigger which lie in the brain may also be related to magnesium. In addition to fast Na and Ca channels there could be a Mg-carrying transport system maintaining the electrical activity of the myocardium. There is sufficient evidence to suggest the use of magnesium salts against ischaemic heart disease and sudden cardiac death. Magnesium is cardioprotective and influences action potential duration, membrane potential and perhaps maintains the fast response. The therapeutic and prophylactic value of magnesium needs further assessment.

  15. Compatibility of a Conventional Non-aqueous Magnesium Electrolyte with a High Voltage V 2O 5 Cathode and Mg Anode

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sa, Niya; Proffit, Danielle L.; Lipson, Albert L.

    2015-08-01

    A major roadblock for magnesium ion battery development is the availability of an electrolyte that can deposit Mg reversibly and at the same time is compatible with a high voltage cathode. We report a prospective full magnesium cell utilizing a simple, non-aqueous electrolyte composed of high concentration magnesium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide in diglyme, which is compatible with a high voltage vanadium pentoxide (V 2O 5) cathode and a Mg metal anode. For this system, plating and stripping of Mg metal can be achieved with magnesium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide in diglyme electrolyte over a wide concentration range, however, reversible insertion of Mg intomore » V 2O 5 cathode can only be attained at high electrolyte concentrations. Reversible intercalation of Mg into V 2O 5 is characterized and confirmed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.« less

  16. 48 CFR 819.7103 - Non-affiliation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7103 Non-affiliation. A Protégé firm will not be considered an affiliate of a mentor firm solely on the basis that the protégé firm is receiving developmental assistance from the mentor firm under VA's Mentor-Protégé Program. The determination of...

  17. 48 CFR 819.7108 - Application process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7108 Application process. (a) Firms interested in becoming approved mentor-protégé participants must submit a joint written VA Mentor-Protégé Agreement to the VA OSDBU for review and approval. The proposed Mentor-Protégé Agreement will be...

  18. 48 CFR 819.7104 - General policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7104 General policy. (a) To be eligible, mentors and protégés must not be listed on the Excluded Parties List System, located at http://www.epls.gov. Mentors will provide appropriate developmental assistance to enhance the capabilities of protégés...

  19. 49 CFR 8.19 - Procedures for submitting and processing requests for classification reviews.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... classification determination made by another department or agency, the Committee will immediately consult with... for classification reviews. 8.19 Section 8.19 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: CLASSIFICATION/DECLASSIFICATION/ACCESS Classification/Declassification of Information...

  20. The Magnesium Industry Today…The Global Perspective

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Patzer, Greg

    World demand for magnesium will show a decline in 2009. The outlook for 2010, which is guardedly optimistic, will be for a resumption of slow growth. The industry has seen marked changes in the sources of supply for primary and alloyed magnesium in recent years. Technological advances in magnesium continue at a strong pace as does interest in the material as a substitute for other light metals. The automotive segment remains the end-use area with the largest growth potential, if for no other reason than the size and quantity of the potential materials substitution applications. However, the shrinkage of that market, particularly in North America will have a definite impact on expectations for magnesium. The 3C market (computers, communications & consumer electronics) will continue to show above average growth. Other niche markets related to medical and construction industries also offer potential.

  1. Hemin/G-quadruplex structure and activity alteration induced by magnesium cations.

    PubMed

    Kosman, J; Juskowiak, B

    2016-04-01

    The influence of metal cations on G-quadruplex structure and peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme activity was investigated. Experiments revealed a significant role of magnesium ion, which in the presence of potassium cation influenced DNAzyme activity. This ability has been associated with alteration of G-quadruplex topology and consequently affinity to bind hemin molecule. It has been demonstrated that G-quadruplex based on PS2.M sequence under these conditions formed parallel topology, which exhibited lower activity than that observed in standard potassium-containing solution. On the other hand DNAzyme/magnesium ion system based on telomeric sequence, which did not undergo significant structural changes, exhibited higher peroxidase activity upon magnesium ion addition. In both cases, the stabilization effect of magnesium cations on G-quadruplex structure was observed. The mechanism of DNAzyme activity alteration by magnesium ion can be explained by its influence on the pKa value of DNAzyme. Magnesium ion decreased pKa for PS2.M based system but increased it for telomeric DNAzyme. Magnesium cation effect on G-quadruplex structure as well as DNAzyme activity is particularly important since this ion is one of the most common metal cations in biological samples. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  2. Imparting passivity to vapor deposited magnesium alloys

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wolfe, Ryan C.

    Magnesium has the lowest density of all structural metals. Utilization of low density materials is advantageous from a design standpoint, because lower weight translates into improved performance of engineered products (i.e., notebook computers are more portable, vehicles achieve better gas mileage, and aircraft can carry more payload). Despite their low density and high strength to weight ratio, however, the widespread implementation of magnesium alloys is currently hindered by their relatively poor corrosion resistance. The objective of this research dissertation is to develop a scientific basis for the creation of a corrosion resistant magnesium alloy. The corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys is affected by several interrelated factors. Among these are alloying, microstructure, impurities, galvanic corrosion effects, and service conditions, among others. Alloying and modification of the microstructure are primary approaches to controlling corrosion. Furthermore, nonequilibrium alloying of magnesium via physical vapor deposition allows for the formation of single-phase magnesium alloys with supersaturated concentrations of passivity-enhancing elements. The microstructure and surface morphology is also modifiable during physical vapor deposition through the variation of evaporation power, pressure, temperature, ion bombardment, and the source-to-substrate distance. Aluminum, titanium, yttrium, and zirconium were initially chosen as candidates likely to impart passivity on vapor deposited magnesium alloys. Prior to this research, alloys of this type have never before been produced, much less studied. All of these metals were observed to afford some degree of corrosion resistance to magnesium. Due to the especially promising results from nonequilibrium alloying of magnesium with yttrium and titanium, the ternary magnesium-yttrium-titanium system was investigated in depth. While all of the alloys are lustrous, surface morphology is observed under the scanning

  3. PRODUCTION OF ACTINIDE METAL

    DOEpatents

    Knighton, J.B.

    1963-11-01

    A process of reducing actinide oxide to the metal with magnesium-zinc alloy in a flux of 5 mole% of magnesium fluoride and 95 mole% of magnesium chloride plus lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, strontium, or barium chloride is presented. The flux contains at least 14 mole% of magnesium cation at 600-- 900 deg C in air. The formed magnesium-zinc-actinide alloy is separated from the magnesium-oxide-containing flux. (AEC)

  4. [Magnesium and bronchopulmonary dysplasia].

    PubMed

    Fridman, Elena; Linder, Nehama

    2013-03-01

    Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that occurs in premature infants who have needed mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy. BPD is defined as the presence of persistent respiratory symptoms, the need for supplemental oxygen to treat hypoxemia, and an abnormal chest radiograph at 36 weeks gestational age. Proinflammatory cytokines and altered angiogenic gene signaling impair prenatal and postnatal lung growth, resulting in BPD. Postnatal hyperoxia exposure further increases the production of cytotoxic free radicals, which cause lung injury and increase the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Magnesium is the fourth most abundant metal in the body. It is commonly used for the treatment of preeclamsia, as well as for premature labor alleviation. Magnesium's role in BPD development is not clear. A significant association between high magnesium levels at birth and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), pulmonary interstitial emphysema in the extremely low birth weight, respiratory failure, and later development BPD was found. Conversely, low magnesium intake is associated with lower lung functions, and hypomagnesemia was found in 16% of patients with acute pulmonary diseases. Magnesium is used for the treatment of asthmatic attacks. Magnesium deficiency in pregnant women is frequently seen due to low intake. Hypomagnesemia was also found among preterm neonates and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Experimental hypomagnesemia evokes an inflammatory response, and oxidative damage of tissues. These were accompanied by changes in gene expression mostly involved in regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis and remodeling, processes associated with BPD. It is rational to believe that hypomagnesemia can contribute to BPD pathogenesis.

  5. 76 FR 7813 - Amended Final Results of the 2008-2009 Antidumping Duty Administrative Review: Pure Magnesium...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-11

    ... magnesium and produced by decomposing raw materials into magnesium metal. Pure primary magnesium is used... products (including, but not limited to, butt ends, stubs, crowns and crystals) with the following primary magnesium contents: (1) Products that contain at least 99.95% primary magnesium, by weight (generally...

  6. Magnesium degradation products: effects on tissue and human metabolism.

    PubMed

    Seitz, J-M; Eifler, R; Bach, Fr-W; Maier, H J

    2014-10-01

    Owing to their mechanical properties, metallic materials present a promising solution in the field of resorbable implants. The magnesium metabolism in humans differs depending on its introduction. The natural, oral administration of magnesium via, for example, food, essentially leads to an intracellular enrichment of Mg(2+) . In contrast, introducing magnesium-rich substances or implants into the tissue results in a different decomposition behavior. Here, exposing magnesium to artificial body electrolytes resulted in the formation of the following products: magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, and magnesium chloride, as well as calcium and magnesium apatites. Moreover, it can be assumed that Mg(2+) , OH(-) ions, and gaseous hydrogen are also present and result from the reaction for magnesium in an aqueous environment. With the aid of physiological metabolic processes, the organism succeeds in either excreting the above mentioned products or integrating them into the natural metabolic process. Only a burst release of these products is to be considered a problem. A multitude of general tissue effects and responses from the Mg's degradation products is considered within this review, which is not targeting specific implant classes. Furthermore, common alloying elements of magnesium and their hazardous potential in vivo are taken into account. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  7. Solidification of Magnesium (AM50A) / vol%. SiCp composite

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, X.; Hu, H.

    2012-01-01

    Magnesium matrix composite is one of the advanced lightweight materials with high potential to be used in automotive and aircraft industries due to its low density and high specific mechanical properties. The magnesium composites can be fabricated by adding the reinforcements of fibers or/and particles. In the previous literature, extensive studies have been performed on the development of matrix grain structure of aluminum-based metal matrix composites. However, there is limited information available on the development of grain structure during the solidification of particulate-reinforced magnesium. In this work, a 5 vol.% SiCp particulate-reinforced magnesium (AM50A) matrix composite (AM50A/SiCp) was prepared by stir casting. The solidification behavior of the cast AM50A/SiCp composite was investigated by computer-based thermal analysis. Optical and scanning electron microscopies (SEM) were employed to examine the occurrence of nucleation and grain refinement involved. The results indicate that the addition of SiCp particulates leads to a finer grain structure in the composite compared with the matrix alloy. The refinement of grain structure should be attributed to both the heterogeneous nucleation and the restricted primary crystal growth.

  8. Phase Transformations and Metallization of Magnesium Oxide at High Pressure and Temperature

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McWilliams, R. Stewart; Spaulding, Dylan K.; Eggert, Jon H.; Celliers, Peter M.; Hicks, Damien G.; Smith, Raymond F.; Collins, Gilbert W.; Jeanloz, Raymond

    2012-12-01

    Magnesium oxide (MgO) is representative of the rocky materials comprising the mantles of terrestrial planets, such that its properties at high temperatures and pressures reflect the nature of planetary interiors. Shock-compression experiments on MgO to pressures of 1.4 terapascals (TPa) reveal a sequence of two phase transformations: from B1 (sodium chloride) to B2 (cesium chloride) crystal structures above 0.36 TPa, and from electrically insulating solid to metallic liquid above 0.60 TPa. The transitions exhibit large latent heats that are likely to affect the structure and evolution of super-Earths. Together with data on other oxide liquids, we conclude that magmas deep inside terrestrial planets can be electrically conductive, enabling magnetic field-producing dynamo action within oxide-rich regions and blurring the distinction between planetary mantles and cores.

  9. In vivo corrosion of four magnesium alloys and the associated bone response.

    PubMed

    Witte, F; Kaese, V; Haferkamp, H; Switzer, E; Meyer-Lindenberg, A; Wirth, C J; Windhagen, H

    2005-06-01

    Degrading metal alloys are a new class of implant materials suitable for bone surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the degradation mechanism at the bone-implant interface of different degrading magnesium alloys in bone and to determine their effect on the surrounding bone. Sample rods of four different magnesium alloys and a degradable polymer as a control were implanted intramedullary into the femora of guinea pigs. After 6 and 18 weeks, uncalcified sections were generated for histomorphologic analysis. The bone-implant interface was characterized in uncalcified sections by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), element mapping and X-ray diffraction. Results showed that metallic implants made of magnesium alloys degrade in vivo depending on the composition of the alloying elements. While the corrosion layer of all magnesium alloys accumulated with biological calcium phosphates, the corrosion layer was in direct contact with the surrounding bone. The results further showed high mineral apposition rates and an increased bone mass around the magnesium rods, while no bone was induced in the surrounding soft tissue. From the results of this study, there is a strong rationale that in this research model, high magnesium ion concentration could lead to bone cell activation.

  10. 48 CFR 819.7008 - Sole source awards to veteran-owned small business concerns.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Sole source awards to veteran-owned small business concerns. 819.7008 Section 819.7008 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned...

  11. 48 CFR 819.7008 - Sole source awards to veteran-owned small business concerns.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Sole source awards to veteran-owned small business concerns. 819.7008 Section 819.7008 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned...

  12. 49 CFR 821.18 - Motion for a more definite statement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... defects complained of and the details sought. If the motion is granted and the law judge's order is not... moving party shall file an answer within 10 days after service of the law judge's order on the motion. (b... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Motion for a more definite statement. 821.18...

  13. 49 CFR 821.18 - Motion for a more definite statement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... defects complained of and the details sought. If the motion is granted and the law judge's order is not... moving party shall file an answer within 10 days after service of the law judge's order on the motion. (b... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Motion for a more definite statement. 821.18...

  14. 49 CFR 821.18 - Motion for a more definite statement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... defects complained of and the details sought. If the motion is granted and the law judge's order is not... moving party shall file an answer within 10 days after service of the law judge's order on the motion. (b... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Motion for a more definite statement. 821.18...

  15. 49 CFR 821.18 - Motion for a more definite statement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... defects complained of and the details sought. If the motion is granted and the law judge's order is not... moving party shall file an answer within 10 days after service of the law judge's order on the motion. (b... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Motion for a more definite statement. 821.18...

  16. 49 CFR 821.18 - Motion for a more definite statement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... defects complained of and the details sought. If the motion is granted and the law judge's order is not... moving party shall file an answer within 10 days after service of the law judge's order on the motion. (b... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Motion for a more definite statement. 821.18...

  17. Biocorrosion rate and mechanism of metallic magnesium in model arterial environments

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bowen, Patrick K.

    A new paradigm in biomedical engineering calls for biologically active implants that are absorbed by the body over time. One popular application for this concept is in the engineering of endovascular stents that are delivered concurrently with balloon angioplasty. These devices enable the injured vessels to remain patent during healing, but are not needed for more than a few months after the procedure. Early studies of iron- and magnesium-based stents have concluded that magnesium is a potentially suitable base material for such a device; alloys can achieve acceptable mechanical properties and do not seem to harm the artery during degradation. Research done up to the onset of research contained in this dissertation, for the most part, failed to define realistic physiological corrosion mechanisms, and failed to correlate degradation rates between in vitro and in vivo environments. Six previously published works form the basis of this dissertation. The topics of these papers include (1) a method by which tensile testing may be applied to evaluate biomaterial degradation; (2) a suite of approaches that can be used to screen candidate absorbable magnesium biomaterials; (3) in vivo-in vitro environmental correlations based on mechanical behavior; (4) a similar correlation on the basis of penetration rate; (5) a mid-to-late stage physiological corrosion mechanism for magnesium in an arterial environment; and (6) the identification of corrosion products in degradable magnesium using transmission electron microscopy.

  18. PRODUCTION OF PLUTONIUM METAL

    DOEpatents

    Lyon, W.L.; Moore, R.H.

    1961-01-17

    A process is given for producing plutonium metal by the reduction of plutonium chloride, dissolved in alkali metal chloride plus or minus aluminum chloride, with magnesium or a magnesium-aluminum alloy at between 700 and 800 deg C and separating the plutonium or plutonium-aluminum alloy formed from the salt.

  19. Effects of magnesium ions on the stabilization of RNA oligomers of defined structures.

    PubMed Central

    Serra, Martin J; Baird, John D; Dale, Taraka; Fey, Bridget L; Retatagos, Kimberly; Westhof, Eric

    2002-01-01

    Optical melting was used to determine the stabilities of 11 small RNA oligomers of defined secondary structure as a function of magnesium ion concentration. The oligomers included helices composed of Watson-Crick base pairs, GA tandem base pairs, GU tandem base pairs, and loop E motifs (both eubacterial and eukaryotic). The effect of magnesium ion concentration on stability was interpreted in terms of two simple models. The first assumes an uptake of metal ion upon duplex formation. The second assumes nonspecific electrostatic attraction of metal ions to the RNA oligomer. For all oligomers, except the eubacterial loop E, the data could best be interpreted as nonspecific binding of metal ions to the RNAs. The effect of magnesium ions on the stability of the eubacterial loop E was distinct from that seen with the other oligomers in two ways. First, the extent of stabilization by magnesium ions (as measured by either change in melting temperature or free energy) was three times greater than that observed for the other helical oligomers. Second, the presence of magnesium ions produces a doubling of the enthalpy for the melting transition. These results indicate that magnesium ion stabilizes the eubacterial loop E sequence by chelating the RNA specifically. Further, these results on a rather small system shed light on the large enthalpy changes observed upon thermal unfolding of large RNAs like group I introns. It is suggested that parts of those large enthalpy changes observed in the folding of RNAs may be assigned to variations in the hydration states and types of coordinating atoms in some specifically bound magnesium ions and to an increase in the observed cooperativity of the folding transition due to the binding of those magnesium ions coupling the two stems together. Brownian dynamic simulations, carried out to visualize the metal ion binding sites, reveal rather delocalized ionic densities in all oligomers, except for the eubacterial loop E, in which precisely

  20. Degradation Mechanisms of Magnesium Metal Anodes in Electrolytes Based on (CF 3SO 2) 2N – at High Current Densities

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Yoo, Hyun Deog; Han, Sang-Don; Bolotin, Igor L.

    The energy density of rechargeable batteries utilizing metals as anodes surpasses that of Li ion batteries, which employ carbon instead. Among possible metals, magnesium represents a potential alternative to the conventional choice, lithium, in terms of storage density, safety,stability, and cost. However, a major obstacle for metal-based batteries is the identification of electrolytes that show reversible deposition/dissolution of the metal anode and support reversible intercalation of ions into a cathode. Traditional Grignard-based Mg electrolytes are excellent with respect to the reversible deposition of Mg, but their limited anodic stability and compatibility with oxide cathodes hinder their applicability in Mg batteriesmore » with higher voltage. Non-Grignard electrolytes, which consist of ethereal solutions of magnesium(II) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Mg(TFSI) 2), remain fairly stable near the potential of Mg deposition. The slight reactivity of these electrolytes toward Mg metal can be remedied by the addition of surface-protecting agents, such as MgCl 2. Hence, ethereal solutions of Mg(TFSI) 2 salt with MgCl 2 as an additive have been suggested as a representative non-Grignard Mg electrolyte. In this work, the degradation mechanisms of a Mg metal anode in the TFSI-based electrolyte were studied using a current density of 1 mA cm -2 and an areal capacity of ~0.4 mAh cm -2, which is close to those used in practical applications. The degradation mechanisms identified include the corrosion of Mg metal, which causes the loss of electronic pathways and mechanical integrity, the nonuniform deposition of Mg, and the decomposition of TFSI - anions. This study not only represents an assessment of the behavior of Mg metal anodes at practical current density and areal capacity but also details the outcomes of interfacial passivation, which was detected by simple cyclic voltammetry experiments. This study also points out the absolute absence of any passivation

  1. Degradation Mechanisms of Magnesium Metal Anodes in Electrolytes Based on (CF 3SO 2) 2N – at High Current Densities

    DOE PAGES

    Yoo, Hyun Deog; Han, Sang-Don; Bolotin, Igor L.; ...

    2017-06-21

    The energy density of rechargeable batteries utilizing metals as anodes surpasses that of Li ion batteries, which employ carbon instead. Among possible metals, magnesium represents a potential alternative to the conventional choice, lithium, in terms of storage density, safety,stability, and cost. However, a major obstacle for metal-based batteries is the identification of electrolytes that show reversible deposition/dissolution of the metal anode and support reversible intercalation of ions into a cathode. Traditional Grignard-based Mg electrolytes are excellent with respect to the reversible deposition of Mg, but their limited anodic stability and compatibility with oxide cathodes hinder their applicability in Mg batteriesmore » with higher voltage. Non-Grignard electrolytes, which consist of ethereal solutions of magnesium(II) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Mg(TFSI) 2), remain fairly stable near the potential of Mg deposition. The slight reactivity of these electrolytes toward Mg metal can be remedied by the addition of surface-protecting agents, such as MgCl 2. Hence, ethereal solutions of Mg(TFSI) 2 salt with MgCl 2 as an additive have been suggested as a representative non-Grignard Mg electrolyte. In this work, the degradation mechanisms of a Mg metal anode in the TFSI-based electrolyte were studied using a current density of 1 mA cm -2 and an areal capacity of ~0.4 mAh cm -2, which is close to those used in practical applications. The degradation mechanisms identified include the corrosion of Mg metal, which causes the loss of electronic pathways and mechanical integrity, the nonuniform deposition of Mg, and the decomposition of TFSI - anions. This study not only represents an assessment of the behavior of Mg metal anodes at practical current density and areal capacity but also details the outcomes of interfacial passivation, which was detected by simple cyclic voltammetry experiments. This study also points out the absolute absence of any passivation

  2. 40 CFR 82.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... STRATOSPHERIC OZONE Production and Consumption Controls § 82.1 Purpose and scope. (a) The purpose of the regulations in this subpart is to implement the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer... ozone-depleting substances, according to specified schedules. The Protocol also requires each nation...

  3. 40 CFR 82.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... STRATOSPHERIC OZONE Production and Consumption Controls § 82.1 Purpose and scope. (a) The purpose of the regulations in this subpart is to implement the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer... ozone-depleting substances, according to specified schedules. The Protocol also requires each nation...

  4. 40 CFR 82.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... STRATOSPHERIC OZONE Production and Consumption Controls § 82.1 Purpose and scope. (a) The purpose of the regulations in this subpart is to implement the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer... ozone-depleting substances, according to specified schedules. The Protocol also requires each nation...

  5. 40 CFR 82.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... STRATOSPHERIC OZONE Production and Consumption Controls § 82.1 Purpose and scope. (a) The purpose of the regulations in this subpart is to implement the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer... ozone-depleting substances, according to specified schedules. The Protocol also requires each nation...

  6. 40 CFR 82.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... STRATOSPHERIC OZONE Production and Consumption Controls § 82.1 Purpose and scope. (a) The purpose of the regulations in this subpart is to implement the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer... ozone-depleting substances, according to specified schedules. The Protocol also requires each nation...

  7. Fracture healing using degradable magnesium fixation plates and screws.

    PubMed

    Chaya, Amy; Yoshizawa, Sayuri; Verdelis, Kostas; Noorani, Sabrina; Costello, Bernard J; Sfeir, Charles

    2015-02-01

    Internal bone fixation devices made with permanent metals are associated with numerous long-term complications and may require removal. We hypothesized that fixation devices made with degradable magnesium alloys could provide an ideal combination of strength and degradation, facilitating fracture fixation and healing while eliminating the need for implant removal surgery. Fixation plates and screws were machined from 99.9% pure magnesium and compared with titanium devices in a rabbit ulnar fracture model. Magnesium device degradation and the effect on fracture healing and bone formation were assessed after 4 weeks. Fracture healing with magnesium device fixation was compared with that of titanium devices using qualitative histologic analysis and quantitative histomorphometry. Micro-computed tomography showed device degradation after 4 weeks in vivo. In addition, 2-dimensional micro-computed tomography slices and histologic staining showed that magnesium degradation did not inhibit fracture healing or bone formation. Histomorphology showed no difference in bone-bridging fractures fixed with magnesium and titanium devices. Interestingly, abundant new bone was formed around magnesium devices, suggesting a connection between magnesium degradation and bone formation. Our results show potential for magnesium fixation devices in a loaded fracture environment. Furthermore, these results suggest that magnesium fixation devices may enhance fracture healing by encouraging localized new bone formation. Copyright © 2015 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  8. 48 CFR 819.602-3 - Resolving differences between VA and the Small Business Administration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... between VA and the Small Business Administration. 819.602-3 Section 819.602-3 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Certificates... Small Business Administration. The Director, OSDBU, is the VA liaison with the SBA. Information copies...

  9. Magnesium-based implants: a mini-review.

    PubMed

    Luthringer, Bérengère J C; Feyerabend, Frank; Willumeit-Römer, Regine

    2014-01-01

    The goal of this review is to bring to the attention of the readership of Magnesium Research another facet of the importance of magnesium, i.e. magnesium-based biomaterials. A concise history of biomaterials and magnesium are thus presented. In addition, historical and current, clinical magnesium-based applications are presented.

  10. Substitution of Aluminum for Magnesium as a Fuel in Flares

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1975-01-01

    silicon dioxide (Superflois, Johns - Manville Company) could be employed to produce desirable per- formance chr racteristics. It was found that the... Johns - Manville Company (’ab-()-Sil (S;O), MS-7, Cabot Corporation Magnesium, atomized, 30/50 mesh, Specification MIL-P-l4067B3, Hart Metals Incorporated

  11. Summary of "Magnesium Vision 2020: A North American Automotive Strategic Vision for Magnesium"

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cole, Gerald S.

    This paper summarizes the monograph, "Magnesium Vision 2020. A North American Automotive Strategic Vision for Magnesium"1 prepared under the auspices of the United States Automotive Materials Partnership The objective was to understand the infrastructural and technical challenge that can increase the use of magnesium in the automotive industry. One hundred sixty three (163) Research and Technology Development Themes (RTDTs), or RTD projects were developed that addressed issues of corrosion, fastening, and processing-other-than-high pressure die casting to produce automotive magnesium parts. A major problem identified in the study is the limited ability of the current magnesium industrial infrastructure to supply RTD and implementation-ready automotive magnesium components. One solution is to create a magnesium cyber center wrhere globally networked experts would be able to innovate in process and product development, model metalworking and non-HPDC foundry processes, and integrate theoretical predictions/models of metallurgical structure with component function.

  12. The High Strain Rate Deformation Behavior of High Purity Magnesium and AZ31B Magnesium Alloy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Livescu, Veronica; Cady, Carl M.; Cerreta, Ellen K.; Henrie, Benjamin L.; Gray, George T.

    The deformation in compression of pure magnesium and AZ31B magnesium alloy, both with a strong basal pole texture, has been investigated as a function of temperature, strain rate, and specimen orientation. The mechanical response of both metals is highly dependent upon the orientation of loading direction with respect to the basal pole. Specimens compressed along the basal pole direction have a high sensitivity to strain rate and temperature and display a concave down work hardening behavior. Specimens loaded perpendicularly to the basal pole have a yield stress that is relatively insensitive to strain rate and temperature and a work hardening behavior that is parabolic and then linearly upwards. Both specimen orientations display a mechanical response that is sensitive to temperature and strain rate. Post mortem characterization of the pure magnesium was conducted on a subset of specimens to determine the microstructural and textural evolution during deformation and these results are correlated with the observed work hardening behavior and strain rate sensitivities were calculated.

  13. Study on electrochemically deposited Mg metal

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Matsui, Masaki

    An electrodeposition process of magnesium metal from Grignard reagent based electrolyte was studied by comparing with lithium. The electrodeposition of magnesium was performed at various current densities. The obtained magnesium deposits did not show dendritic morphologies while all the lithium deposits showed dendritic products. Two different crystal growth modes in the electrodeposition process of magnesium metal were confirmed by an observation using scanning electron micro scope (SEM) and a crystallographic analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD). An electrochemical study of the deposition/dissolution process of the magnesium showed a remarkable dependency of the overpotential of magnesium deposition on the electrolyte concentration compared with lithium. This result suggests that the dependency of the overpotential on the electrolyte concentration prevent the locally concentrated current resulting to form very uniform deposits.

  14. Magnesium recycling in the United States in 1998

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Kramer, Deborah A.

    2001-01-01

    As concern for the environment has grown in recent years, the importance of recycling has become more evident. The more materials that are recycled, the fewer natural resources will be consumed and the fewer waste products will end up in landfills, in the water, and in the air. As one of a series of reports on metals recycling, this report discusses the 1998 flow of magnesium from extraction through its uses with particular emphasis on recycling. In 1998, the recycling rate for magnesium was estimated to be 33 percent?almost 60 percent of the magnesium that was recycled came from new scrap, primarily waste from diecasting operations. The principal source of old scrap was recycled aluminum beverage cans.

  15. A Quick Reference on Magnesium.

    PubMed

    Bateman, Shane W

    2017-03-01

    This article serves as a quick reference on the distribution, handling, and supplementation of magnesium. It also lists the manifestations and causes of magnesium deficit and provides criteria for the diagnosis of a magnesium deficit. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. Effect of heavy metals and water content on the strength of magnesium phosphate cements.

    PubMed

    Buj, Irene; Torras, Josep; Casellas, Daniel; Rovira, Miquel; de Pablo, Joan

    2009-10-15

    In this paper the mechanical properties of magnesium potassium phosphate cements used for the Stabilization/Solidification (S/S) of galvanic wastes were investigated. Surrogate wastes (metal nitrate dissolutions) were employed containing Cd, Cr(III), Cu, Ni, Pb or Zn at a concentration of 25 g dm(-3) and different water-to-solid (W/S) ratios (0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 dm(3)kg(-1)) have been employed. Cements were prepared by mixing hard burned magnesia of about 70% purity with potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Compressive strength and tensile strength of specimens were determined. In addition the volume of permeable voids was measured. It was found that when comparing pastes that the volume of permeable voids increases and mechanical strength decreases with the increase of water-to-solid ratio (W/S). Nevertheless pastes with the same material proportions containing different metals show different mechanical strength values. The hydration products were analyzed by XRD. With the increase of water content not previously reported hydration compound was detected: bobierrite.

  17. Effects of a magnesium-free dialysate on magnesium metabolism during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

    PubMed

    Shah, G M; Winer, R L; Cutler, R E; Arieff, A I; Goodman, W G; Lacher, J W; Schoenfeld, P Y; Coburn, J W; Horowitz, A M

    1987-10-01

    While the use of magnesium-containing compounds is usually contraindicated in dialysis patients, the risk of toxicity from hypermagnesemia can be reduced by lowering the magnesium concentration in dialysate. We examined the effects of a magnesium-free dialysate on both serum magnesium level and the peritoneal removal rate of magnesium over 12 weeks in 25 stable patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). After 2 weeks, the serum magnesium level decreased from 2.2 to 1.9 mg/dL (0.9 to 0.8 mmol/L) (P less than .02) and the peritoneal removal rate increased from 66 to 83 mg/d (2.8 to 3.5 mmol/d) (P less than .05), with both values remaining stable thereafter. There was a strong association between these parameters (r = -0.62, P less than .05), suggesting that the serum magnesium level decreased as a result of the initial increased peritoneal removal rate. For an additional 4-week period, a subgroup of nine patients received magnesium-containing, phosphate binding agents instead of those containing only aluminum. During this phase, serum inorganic phosphorus was well controlled. The serum magnesium level increased only from 1.8 to 2.5 mg/dL (0.7 to 1.0 mmol/L) (P less than .05), due in great part to the concomitant 41% rise in peritoneal magnesium removal from 91 to 128 mg/d (3.8 to 5.3 mmol/d) (P less than .05). No toxicity was noted during the entire 16-week study period, nor did serum calcium change. Thus, serum magnesium levels remained within an acceptable range as magnesium-containing phosphate binders were given through the use of magnesium-free peritoneal dialysate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

  18. Evaluation of magnesium ions release, biocorrosion, and hemocompatibility of MAO/PLLA-modified magnesium alloy WE42.

    PubMed

    Lu, Ping; Cao, Lu; Liu, Yin; Xu, Xinhua; Wu, Xiangfeng

    2011-01-01

    Magnesium alloys may potentially be applied as biodegradable metallic materials in cardiovascular stent. However, the high corrosion rate hinders its clinical application. In this study, a new approach was adopted to control the corrosion rate by fabricating a biocompatible micro-arc oxidation/poly-L-lactic acid (MAO/PLLA) composite coating on the magnesium alloy WE42 substrate and the biocompatibility of the modified samples was investigated. The scanning electronic microscope (SEM) images were used to demonstrate the morphology of the samples before and after being submerged in hanks solution for 4 weeks. The degradation was evaluated through the magnesium ions release rate and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test. The biocompatibility of the samples was demonstrated by coagulation time and hemolysis behavior. The result shows that the poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) effectively improved the corrosion resistance by sealing the microcracks and microholes on the surface of the MAO coating. The modified samples had good compatibility. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  19. 30 CFR 75.821 - Testing, examination and maintenance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Underground High-Voltage Distribution High-Voltage Longwalls § 75.821 Testing, examination and maintenance. (a) At least once every 7 days, a... must test and examine each unit of high-voltage longwall equipment and circuits to determine that...

  20. Cytotoxic effect of galvanically coupled magnesium-titanium particles.

    PubMed

    Kim, Jua; Gilbert, Jeremy L

    2016-01-01

    Recent work has shown that reduction reactions at metallic biomaterial surfaces can induce significant killing of cells in proximity to the surface. To exploit this phenomenon for therapeutic purposes, for example, for cancer tumor killing or antibacterial effects (amongst other applications), magnesium metal particles, galvanically coupled to titanium by sputtering, have been evaluated for their cell-killing capability (i.e. cytotoxicity). Magnesium (Mg) particles large enough to prevent particle phagocytosis were investigated, so that only electrochemical reactions, and not particle toxicity per se, caused cytotoxic effects. Titanium (Ti) coated magnesium particles, as well as magnesium-only particles were introduced into MC3T3-E1 mouse pre-osteoblast cell cultures over a range of particle concentrations, and cells were observed to die in a dosage-dependent manner. Ti-coated magnesium particles killed more cells at lower particle concentration than magnesium alone (P<0.05), although the pH measured for magnesium and magnesium-titanium had no significant difference at similar particle concentrations. Complete cell killing occurred at 750μg/ml and 1500μg/ml for Mg-Ti and Mg, respectively. Thus, this work demonstrates that galvanically coupled Mg-Ti particles have a significant cell killing capability greater than Mg alone. In addition, when the pH associated with complete killing with particles was created using NaOH only (no particles), then the percentage of cells killed was significantly less (P<0.05). Together, these findings show that pH is not the sole factor associated with cell killing and that the electrochemical reactions, including the reduction reactions, play an important role. Reduction reactions on galvanically coupled Mg-Ti and Mg particles may generate reactive oxygen intermediates that are able to kill cells in close proximity to the particles and this approach may lead to potential therapies for infection and cancer. This paper demonstrates

  1. Characterization and evolution of tetrameric photosystem I from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis sp TS-821.

    PubMed

    Li, Meng; Semchonok, Dmitry A; Boekema, Egbert J; Bruce, Barry D

    2014-03-01

    Photosystem I (PSI) is a reaction center associated with oxygenic photosynthesis. Unlike the monomeric reaction centers in green and purple bacteria, PSI forms trimeric complexes in most cyanobacteria with a 3-fold rotational symmetry that is primarily stabilized via adjacent PsaL subunits; however, in plants/algae, PSI is monomeric. In this study, we discovered a tetrameric form of PSI in the thermophilic cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis sp TS-821 (TS-821). In TS-821, PSI forms tetrameric and dimeric species. We investigated these species by Blue Native PAGE, Suc density gradient centrifugation, 77K fluorescence, circular dichroism, and single-particle analysis. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of native membranes confirms the presence of the tetrameric PSI structure prior to detergent solubilization. To investigate why TS-821 forms tetramers instead of trimers, we cloned and analyzed its psaL gene. Interestingly, this gene product contains a short insert between the second and third predicted transmembrane helices. Phylogenetic analysis based on PsaL protein sequences shows that TS-821 is closely related to heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria, some of which also have a tetrameric form of PSI. These results are discussed in light of chloroplast evolution, and we propose that PSI evolved stepwise from a trimeric form to tetrameric oligomer en route to becoming monomeric in plants/algae.

  2. 49 CFR 8.21 - Burden of proof.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Office of the Secretary of Transportation CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: CLASSIFICATION/DECLASSIFICATION/ACCESS Classification/Declassification of Information § 8.21 Burden of proof. For the purpose of determinations to be made under §§ 8.13, 8.15, and 8.17, the burden of proof is on the originating Departmental agency to...

  3. 49 CFR 8.21 - Burden of proof.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Office of the Secretary of Transportation CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: CLASSIFICATION/DECLASSIFICATION/ACCESS Classification/Declassification of Information § 8.21 Burden of proof. For the purpose of determinations to be made under §§ 8.13, 8.15, and 8.17, the burden of proof is on the originating Departmental agency to...

  4. 49 CFR 821.19 - Depositions and other discovery.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Depositions and other discovery. 821.19 Section... Depositions and other discovery. (a) Depositions. After a petition for review or a complaint is filed, any party may take the testimony of any person, including a party, by deposition, upon oral examination or...

  5. 49 CFR 821.19 - Depositions and other discovery.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Depositions and other discovery. 821.19 Section... Depositions and other discovery. (a) Depositions. After a petition for review or a complaint is filed, any party may take the testimony of any person, including a party, by deposition, upon oral examination or...

  6. Development of a new biodegradable operative clip made of a magnesium alloy: Evaluation of its safety and tolerability for canine cholecystectomy.

    PubMed

    Yoshida, Toshihiko; Fukumoto, Takumi; Urade, Takeshi; Kido, Masahiro; Toyama, Hirochika; Asari, Sadaki; Ajiki, Tetsuo; Ikeo, Naoko; Mukai, Toshiji; Ku, Yonson

    2017-06-01

    Operative clips used to ligate vessels in abdominal operation usually are made of titanium. They remain in the body permanently and form metallic artifacts in computed tomography images, which impair accurate diagnosis. Although biodegradable magnesium instruments have been developed in other fields, the physical properties necessary for operative clips differ from those of other instruments. We developed a biodegradable magnesium-zinc-calcium alloy clip with good biologic compatibility and enough clamping capability as an operative clip. In this study, we verified the safety and tolerability of this clip for use in canine cholecystectomy. Nine female beagles were used. We performed cholecystectomy and ligated the cystic duct by magnesium alloy or titanium clips. The chronologic change of clips and artifact formation were compared at 1, 4, 12, 18, and 24 weeks postoperative by computed tomography. The animals were killed at the end of the observation period, and the clips were removed to evaluate their biodegradability. We also evaluated their effect on the living body by blood biochemistry data. The magnesium alloy clip formed much fewer artifacts than the titanium clip, and it was almost absorbed at 6 months postoperative. There were no postoperative complications and no elevation of constituent elements such as magnesium, calcium, and zinc during the observation period in both groups. The novel magnesium alloy clip demonstrated sufficient sealing capability for the cystic duct and proper biodegradability in canine models. The magnesium alloy clip revealed much fewer metallic artifacts in CT than the conventional titanium clip. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. 25 CFR 166.819 - What happens if the BIA does not collect enough money to satisfy the penalty?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What happens if the BIA does not collect enough money to satisfy the penalty? 166.819 Section 166.819 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND AND WATER GRAZING PERMITS Trespass Penalties, Damages, and Costs § 166.819 What happens if the BIA...

  8. Magnesium recycling in the United States in 1998

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Kramer, Deborah A.

    2002-01-01

    As concern for the environment has grown in recent years, the importance of recycling has become more evident. The more materials that are recycled, the fewer natural resources will be consumed and the fewer waste products will end up in landfills, the water, and the air. As one of a series of reports on metals recycling, this report discusses the 1998 flow of magnesium in the United States from extraction through its uses with particular emphasis on recycling. In 1998, the recycling efficiency for magnesium was estimated to be 33 percent--almost 60 percent of the magnesium that was recycled came from new scrap, primarily waste from die-casting operations. The principal source of old scrap was recycled aluminum beverage cans.

  9. Formation of a Spinel Coating on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sieber, Maximilian; Simchen, Frank; Scharf, Ingolf; Lampke, Thomas

    2016-03-01

    Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is a common means for the surface modification of light metals. However, PEO of magnesium substrates in dilute electrolytes generally leads to the formation of coatings consisting of unfavorable MgO magnesium oxide. By incorporation of electrolyte components, the phase constitution of the oxide coatings can be modified. Coatings consisting exclusively of MgAl2O4 magnesium-aluminum spinel are produced by PEO in an electrolyte containing hydroxide, aluminate, and phosphate anions. The hardness of the coatings is 3.5 GPa on Martens scale on average. Compared to the bare substrate, the coatings reduce the corrosion current density in dilute sodium chloride solution by approx. one order of magnitude and slightly shift the corrosion potential toward more noble values.

  10. 49 CFR 821.9 - Intervention and amicus appearance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Intervention and amicus appearance. 821.9 Section... Intervention and amicus appearance. (a) Intervention. Any person may move for leave to intervene in a... intervention will not unduly broaden the issues or delay the proceeding. Except for good cause shown, no motion...

  11. 49 CFR 821.9 - Intervention and amicus appearance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Intervention and amicus appearance. 821.9 Section... Intervention and amicus appearance. (a) Intervention. Any person may move for leave to intervene in a... intervention will not unduly broaden the issues or delay the proceeding. Except for good cause shown, no motion...

  12. 49 CFR 821.9 - Intervention and amicus appearance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Intervention and amicus appearance. 821.9 Section... Intervention and amicus appearance. (a) Intervention. Any person may move for leave to intervene in a... intervention will not unduly broaden the issues or delay the proceeding. Except for good cause shown, no motion...

  13. 49 CFR 821.9 - Intervention and amicus appearance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Intervention and amicus appearance. 821.9 Section... Intervention and amicus appearance. (a) Intervention. Any person may move for leave to intervene in a... intervention will not unduly broaden the issues or delay the proceeding. Except for good cause shown, no motion...

  14. 49 CFR 821.9 - Intervention and amicus appearance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Intervention and amicus appearance. 821.9 Section... Intervention and amicus appearance. (a) Intervention. Any person may move for leave to intervene in a... intervention will not unduly broaden the issues or delay the proceeding. Except for good cause shown, no motion...

  15. Some Structural Properties of the Mixed Lead-Magnesium Hydroxyapatites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kaaroud, K.; Ben Moussa, S.; Brigui, N.; Badraoui, B.

    2018-02-01

    Lead-magnesium hydroxyapatite solid solutions Pb(10- x)Mg x (PO4)6(OH)2 have been prepared via a hydrothermal process. They were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), chemical and IR spectroscopic analyses. The results of the structural refinement indicated that the limits of lead-magnesium solid solutions ( x ≤ 1.5), a regular decrease of the lattice constant a and a preferential magnesium distribution in site S(I). Through the progressive replacement of Pb2+ ( r = 0.133 nm) by the smaller cation Mg2+ ( r = 0.072 nm), all interatomic distances decrease in accordance with the decrease of the cell parameters. According to what could be expected from the coordinance of the metallic sites S(I) (hexacoordination) and S(II) (heptacoordination), the small magnesium cation preferentially occupies the four sites S(I). The results of the TEM analysis confirm the presence of magnesium in the starting solution and reveals the decrease in the average size of crystals. The IR spectra show the presence of the absorption bands characteristic for the apatite structure.

  16. Magnesium Based Materials and their Antimicrobial Activity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Robinson, Duane Allan

    The overall goals of this body of work were to characterize the antimicrobial properties of magnesium (Mg) metal and nano-magnesium oxide (nMgO) in vitro, to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of Mg metal, and to incorporate MgO nanoparticles into a polymeric implant coating and evaluate its in vitro antimicrobial properties. In the course of this work it was found that Mg metal, Mg-mesh, and nMgO have in vitro antimicrobial properties that are similar to a bactericidal antibiotic. For Mg metal, the mechanism of this activity appears to be related to an increase in pH (i.e. a more alkaline environment) and not an increase in Mg2+. Given that Mg-mesh is a Mg metal powder, the assumption is that it has the same mechanism of activity as Mg metal. The mechanism of activity for nMgO remains to be elucidated and may be related to a combination of interaction of the nanoparticles with the bacteria and the alkaline pH. It was further demonstrated that supernatants from suspensions of Mg-mesh and nMgO had the same antimicrobial effect as was noted when the particles were used. The supernatant from Mg-mesh and nMgO was also noted to prevent biofilm formation for two Staphylococcus strains. Finally, poly-epsilon-caprolactone (PCL) composites of Mg-mesh (PCL+Mg-mesh) and nMgO (PCL+nMgO) were produced. Coatings applied to screws inhibited growth of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and in thin disc format inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in addition to the E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Pure Mg metal was noted to have some cytotoxic effect on murine fibroblast and osteoblast cell lines, although this effect needs to be characterized further. To address the need for an in vivo model for evaluating implant associated infections, a new closed fracture osteomyelitis model in the femur of the rat was developed. Magnesium, a readily available and inexpensive metal was shown to have antimicrobial properties that appear to be related to its corrosion products and

  17. Biodegradable magnesium nanoparticle-enhanced laser hyperthermia therapy

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Qian; Xie, Liping; He, Zhizhu; Di, Derui; Liu, Jing

    2012-01-01

    Background Recently, nanoparticles have been demonstrated to have tremendous merit in terms of improving the treatment specificity and thermal ablation effect on tumors. However, the potential toxicity and long-term side effects caused by the introduced nanoparticles and by expelling them out of the body following surgery remain a significant challenge. Here, we propose for the first time to directly adopt magnesium nanoparticles as the heating enhancer in laser thermal ablation to avoid these problems by making full use of the perfect biodegradable properties of this specific material. Methods To better understand the new nano “green” hyperthermia modality, we evaluated the effects of magnesium nanoparticles on the temperature transients inside the human body subject to laser interstitial heating. Further, we experimentally investigated the heating enhancement effects of magnesium nanoparticles on a group of biological samples: oil, egg white, egg yolk, in vitro pig tissues, and the in vivo hind leg of rabbit when subjected to laser irradiation. Results Both the theoretical simulations and experimental measurements demonstrated that the target tissues injected with magnesium nanoparticles reached much higher temperatures than tissues without magnesium nanoparticles. This revealed the enhancing behavior of the new nanohyperthermia method. Conclusion Given the unique features of magnesium nanoparticles – their complete biological safety and ability to enhance heating – which most other advanced metal nanoparticles do not possess, the use of magnesium nanoparticles in hyperthermia therapy offers an important “green” nanomedicine modality for treating tumors. This method has the potential to be used in clinics in the near future. PMID:22956872

  18. A -819 C/T polymorphism in the interleukin-10 promoter is associated with persistent HBV infection, but -1082 A/G and -592A/C polymorphisms are not: a meta-analysis.

    PubMed

    Ren, Hong; Zhang, Ting-Ting; Hu, Wen-Long

    2015-03-01

    Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the interleukin-10 (IL10) gene promoter have been associated with persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In particular, the -1082A/G, -819 C/T and -592 A/C polymorphisms have most often been implicated. We performed a meta-analysis of available data to determine the relative importance of these SNPs in persistent HBV infection. We searched available articles in NCBI PubMed, EMBASE, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) and identified 24 studies for inclusion in our meta-analysis. Our results indicated that the presence of the IL10 -819 C allele significantly increased the risk for persistent HBV infection (CC+CT vs. TT: OR = 1.283, 95 % CI 1.023-1.610, P = 0.031; C vs. T: OR = 1.183, 95 % CI 1.001-1.399, P = 0.049). Meanwhile, the -1082A/-819T/-592A haplotype (OR = 0.751, 95 % CI 0.640-0.881, P = 0.000) and the -1082A/-819C/-592C haplotype (OR = 1.568, 95 % CI 1.304-1.884, P = 0.000) were observed to be significantly associated with HBV disease progression in Asians. In contrast, the IL10 -1082A/G and -592A/C polymorphisms were not associated with an increased susceptibility to or outcome of HBV infection. Our meta-analysis supports the growing body of evidence that the presence of the IL10 -819 C/T polymorphism is associated with persistent HBV infection and that the -1082A/-819T/-592A haplotype and the -1082A/-819C/-592C haplotype are associated with HBV disease progression in Asians.

  19. Solid State Joining of Magnesium to Steel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jana, Saumyadeep; Hovanski, Yuri; Pilli, Siva P.; Field, David P.; Yu, Hao; Pan, Tsung-Yu; Santella, M. L.

    Friction stir welding and ultrasonic welding techniques were applied to join automotive magnesium alloys to steel sheet. The effect of tooling and process parameters on the post-weld microstructure, texture and mechanical properties was investigated. Static and dynamic loading were utilized to investigate the joint strength of both cast and wrought magnesium alloys including their susceptibility and degradation under corrosive media. The conditions required to produce joint strengths in excess of 75% of the base metal strength were determined, and the effects of surface coatings, tooling and weld parameters on weld properties are presented.

  20. 49 CFR 821.35 - Assignment, duties and powers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., all motions, requests and documents shall be addressed to that law judge. The authority of the... filed, the Board will, on motion of a party, determine whether the law judge should have withdrawn and... SAFETY BOARD RULES OF PRACTICE IN AIR SAFETY PROCEEDINGS Law Judges § 821.35 Assignment, duties and...

  1. 49 CFR 821.35 - Assignment, duties and powers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., all motions, requests and documents shall be addressed to that law judge. The authority of the... filed, the Board will, on motion of a party, determine whether the law judge should have withdrawn and... SAFETY BOARD RULES OF PRACTICE IN AIR SAFETY PROCEEDINGS Law Judges § 821.35 Assignment, duties and...

  2. 49 CFR 821.35 - Assignment, duties and powers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., all motions, requests and documents shall be addressed to that law judge. The authority of the... initial decision is filed, the Board will, on motion of a party, determine whether the law judge should... SAFETY BOARD RULES OF PRACTICE IN AIR SAFETY PROCEEDINGS Law Judges § 821.35 Assignment, duties and...

  3. 49 CFR 821.35 - Assignment, duties and powers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., all motions, requests and documents shall be addressed to that law judge. The authority of the... filed, the Board will, on motion of a party, determine whether the law judge should have withdrawn and... SAFETY BOARD RULES OF PRACTICE IN AIR SAFETY PROCEEDINGS Law Judges § 821.35 Assignment, duties and...

  4. 49 CFR 821.35 - Assignment, duties and powers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., all motions, requests and documents shall be addressed to that law judge. The authority of the... initial decision is filed, the Board will, on motion of a party, determine whether the law judge should... SAFETY BOARD RULES OF PRACTICE IN AIR SAFETY PROCEEDINGS Law Judges § 821.35 Assignment, duties and...

  5. Security assessment of magnesium alloys used as biodegradable implant material.

    PubMed

    Sun, X; Cao, Z Y; Liu, J G; Feng, C

    2015-01-01

    The security risk of magnesium alloys used as biodegradable implant material was evaluated in this study. Dose-response assessment was conducted by using toxicological data from authoritative public health agencies (World Health Organization) and assuming 1~3 years of uniform corrosion. Through modification calculation, the tolerable corrosion rate of biodegradable magnesium alloys in vivo was proposed, which theoretically ensured the bio-safety of the degradation products. The tolerable limits corresponding to various component elements in magnesium alloys were considered separately, although there are deficits in the toxicological data of some component elements. The influence of corrosion on the strength of magnesium alloys was evaluated, which would contribute to the rationally utilization of magnesium alloys as degradable implant materials. This study illustrates that not only toxicological calculations but also mechanical performance should be taken into consideration when developing novel degradable metallic implant.

  6. Magnesium Content of the Core: an Experimental Study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fiquet, G.; Badro, J.; Auzende, A.; Siebert, J.; Gregoryanz, E.; Guignot, N.

    2006-12-01

    There is still a considerable debate about which light element among sulfur, silicon, oxygen, carbon or hydrogen should be in the core [Poirier, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 85, 319, 1994]. The nature and distribution of these elements is a standing problem of prime importance, since it controls the freezing point depression at the inner core boundary. In addition to these candidates, new elements have been recently proposed as iron alloying constituants for the core, such as magnesium [Dubrovinskaia et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 95, 245502, 2005]. We present series of experiments carried out on hot-pressed samples of iron and periclase in a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell, combined with in situ X-ray diffraction analysis and ATEM examination of recovered samples. We show that even at megabar pressures the amount of magnesium released in iron from the equilibrium with magnesium oxide is marginal. This finding is at odds with the 10 at% of magnesium found by Dubrovinskaia et al. [2005] in an iron alloy made from the reaction between iron and a metallic magnesium foil. Our observations suggest that magnesium is unlikely to be an important light element in the Earth's core. In addition, we provide structural data for iron to 130 GPa in excess of 3000 K with reliable pressure and temperature measurements, which enable us to propose a new thermal equation of state for iron at megabar pressures.

  7. 48 CFR 819.7109 - VA review of application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7109 VA review of application. (a) VA OSDBU will review the information to establish the mentor and protégé eligibility and to ensure... charge to apply for the Mentor-Protégé Program. (b) After OSDBU completes its review and provides written...

  8. The formation of an organic coat and the release of corrosion microparticles from metallic magnesium implants.

    PubMed

    Badar, Muhammad; Lünsdorf, Heinrich; Evertz, Florian; Rahim, Muhammad Imran; Glasmacher, Birgit; Hauser, Hansjörg; Mueller, Peter P

    2013-07-01

    Magnesium alloys have been proposed as prospective degradable implant materials. To elucidate the complex interactions between the corroding implants and the tissue, magnesium implants were analyzed in a mouse model and the response was compared to that induced by Ti and by the resorbable polymer polyglactin, respectively. One month after implantation, distinct traces of corrosion were apparent but the magnesium implants were still intact, whereas resorbable polymeric wound suture implants were already fragmented. Analysis of magnesium implants 2weeks after implantation by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that magnesium, oxygen, calcium and phosphate were present at the implant surface. One month after implantation, the element composition of the outermost layer of the implant was indicative of tissue without detectable levels of magnesium, indicating a protective barrier function of this organic layer. In agreement with this notion, gene expression patterns in the surrounding tissue were highly similar for all implant materials investigated. However, high-resolution imaging using energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy revealed magnesium-containing microparticles in the tissue in the proximity of the implant. The release of such corrosion particles may contribute to the accumulation of calcium phosphate in the nearby tissue and to bone conductive activities of magnesium implants. Copyright © 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. Ignition and Combustion of Bulk Metals in a Microgravity Environment

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Branch, Melvyn C.; Daily, John W.; Abbud-Madrid, Angel

    1999-01-01

    Results of a study of heterogeneous and homogeneous combustion of metals in reduced gravity are presented. Cylindrical titanium and magnesium samples are radiatively ignited in pure-oxygen at 1 atm. Qualitative observations, propagation rates, and burning times are extracted from high-speed cinematography. Time-resolved emission spectra of gas-phase reactions are acquired with an imaging spectrograph. Lower propagation rates of the reacting mass on titanium and of ignition waves on magnesium are obtained at reduced gravity. These rates are compared to theoretical results from fire-spread analyses with a diffusion/convection controlled reaction. The close agreement found between experimental and theoretical propagation rates indicates the strong influence of natural-convection-enhanced oxygen transp6rt on burning rates. Lower oxygen flux and lack of condensed product removal appear to be responsible for longer burning times of magnesium gas-phase diffusion flames in reduced gravity. Spherically symmetric explosions in magnesium flames at reduced gravity (termed radiation-induced metal explosions, or RIME) may be driven by increased radiation heat transfer from accumulated condensed products to an evaporating metal core covered by a porous, flexible oxide coating. In titanium specimens, predominantly heterogeneous burning characterizes the initial steady propagation of the molten mass, while homogeneous gas-phase reactions are detected around particles ejected from the molten mixture. In magnesium specimens, band and line reversal of all the UV spectral systems of Mg and MgO are attributed to the interaction between small oxide particles and the principal gaseous emitters.

  10. 25 CFR 700.819 - Suspension and revocation of permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ....819 Indians THE OFFICE OF NAVAJO AND HOPI INDIAN RELOCATION COMMISSION OPERATIONS AND RELOCATION... cause. (1) The Federal Land Manager may suspend a permit issued pursuant to this part upon determining... prohibition of the Act or § 700.807. The Federal Land Manager shall provide written notice to the permittee of...

  11. 25 CFR 700.819 - Suspension and revocation of permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ....819 Indians THE OFFICE OF NAVAJO AND HOPI INDIAN RELOCATION COMMISSION OPERATIONS AND RELOCATION... cause. (1) The Federal Land Manager may suspend a permit issued pursuant to this part upon determining... prohibition of the Act or § 700.807. The Federal Land Manager shall provide written notice to the permittee of...

  12. 25 CFR 700.819 - Suspension and revocation of permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ....819 Indians THE OFFICE OF NAVAJO AND HOPI INDIAN RELOCATION COMMISSION OPERATIONS AND RELOCATION... cause. (1) The Federal Land Manager may suspend a permit issued pursuant to this part upon determining... prohibition of the Act or § 700.807. The Federal Land Manager shall provide written notice to the permittee of...

  13. 25 CFR 700.819 - Suspension and revocation of permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ....819 Indians THE OFFICE OF NAVAJO AND HOPI INDIAN RELOCATION COMMISSION OPERATIONS AND RELOCATION... cause. (1) The Federal Land Manager may suspend a permit issued pursuant to this part upon determining... prohibition of the Act or § 700.807. The Federal Land Manager shall provide written notice to the permittee of...

  14. Lattice softening in body-centered-cubic lithium-magnesium alloys

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Winter, I. S.; Tsuru, T.; Chrzan, D. C.

    2017-08-01

    A first-principles investigation of the influence of lattice softening on lithium-magnesium alloys near the body-centered-cubic (bcc)/hexagonal close-packed (hcp) transition composition is presented. Results show that lithium-magnesium alloys display a softening of the shear modulus C11-C12 , and an acoustic phonon branch between the Γ and N high symmetry points, as the composition approaches the stability limit for the bcc phase. This softening is accompanied by an increase in the size of the dislocation core region. Ideal tensile strength calculations predict that ordered phases of lithium-magnesium alloys are intrinsically brittle. Methods to make the alloys more ductile are discussed, and the propensity for these alloys to display gum-metal-like behavior is assessed.

  15. Peptide microarray profiling identifies phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLC-γ1) as a potential target for t(8;21) AML

    PubMed Central

    Mahmud, Hasan; Scherpen, Frank J.G.; de Boer, Tiny Meeuwsen; Lourens, Harm-Jan; Schoenherr, Caroline; Eder, Matthias; Scherr, Michaela; Guryev, Victor; De Bont, Eveline S.

    2017-01-01

    The t(8;21) (q22;q22) chromosomal translocation is one of the most frequent genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) which has a need for improved therapeutic strategies. We found PLC-γ1 as one of the highest phosphorylated peptides in t(8;21) AML samples compared to NBM or CN-AML in our previous peptide microarray. PLC-γ1 is known to play a role in cancer progression, however, the impact of PLC-γ1 in AML is currently unknown. Therefore, we aimed to study the functional role of PLC-γ1 by investigating the cellular growth, survival and its underlying mechanism in t(8;21) AML. In this study, PLC-γ1 expression was significantly higher in t(8;21) AML compared to other karyotypes. The PLC-γ1 protein expression was suppressed in AML1-ETO knock down cells indicating that it might induce kasumi-1 cell death. ShRNA-mediated PLC-γ1 knockdown in kasumi-1 cells significantly blocked cell growth, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest which was explained by the increased activation of apoptotic related and cell cycle regulatory protein expressions. Gene expression array analysis showed the up-regulation of apoptotic and DNA damage response genes together with the downregulation of cell growth, proliferation and differentiation genes in the PLC-γ1 suppressed kasumi-1 cells, consistent with the observed phenotypic effects. Importantly, PLC-γ1 suppressed kasumi-1 cells showed higher chemosensitivity to the chemotherapeutic drug treatments and lower cell proliferation upon hypoxic stress. Taken together, these in vitro finding strongly support an important role for PLC-γ1 in the survival of t(8;21) AML mimicking kasumi-1 cells and identify PLC-γ1 as a potential therapeutic target for t(8;21) AML treatment. PMID:28978037

  16. Corrosion resistant properties of polyaniline acrylic coating on magnesium alloy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sathiyanarayanan, S.; Azim, S. Syed; Venkatachari, G.

    2006-12-01

    The performance of the paint coating based on acrylic-polyaniline on magnesium alloy ZM 21 has been studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 0.5% NaCl solution. The polyaniline was prepared by chemical oxidative method of aniline with ammonium persulphate in phosphoric acid medium. The phosphate-doped polyaniline was characterized by FTIR and XRD methods. Acrylic paint containing the phosphate-doped polyaniline was prepared and coated on magnesium ZM 21 alloy. The coating was able to protect the magnesium alloy and no base metal dissolution was noted even after 75 days exposure to sodium chloride solution.

  17. 21 CFR 821.20 - Devices subject to tracking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... within § 821.1(a) must track that device in accordance with this part, if FDA issues a tracking order to... the criteria of section 519(e)(1) of the act and, by virtue of the order, the sponsor must track the...

  18. 21 CFR 821.20 - Devices subject to tracking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... within § 821.1(a) must track that device in accordance with this part, if FDA issues a tracking order to... the criteria of section 519(e)(1) of the act and, by virtue of the order, the sponsor must track the...

  19. Improving halide-containing magnesium-ion electrolyte performance via sterically hindered alkoxide ligands

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nist-Lund, Carl A.; Herb, Jake T.; Arnold, Craig B.

    2017-09-01

    While homoleptic magnesium dialkoxides (MgR2, R = alkoxide) have shown promise as precursors for magnesium-ion electrolytes, the effect of ligand steric bulk on the performance of electrolytes based on these compounds is not fully understood. Increasing steric hindrance, studied via R groups with additional phenyl moieties, produces electrolytes with sequentially lower deposition overpotentials (less than -90 mV), higher purity Mg deposits (ca. 100% Mg), and lower overall cell impedances. The two largest alkoxide ligands show consistent cycling behavior and low stripping and plating overpotentials over 200 constant-current plating/stripping cycles. A deep-red visual change and the presence of large solubilized magnesium particulates above 450 nm in size is observed in an electrolyte containing magnesium bis(triphenylmethoxide) and aluminum chloride in contact with an abraded magnesium anode. Further morphological and impedance characterization show that this electrolyte system rapidly activates the magnesium metal anode surface to produce low overpotentials and, as such, is a candidate for further investigation.

  20. A Microstructure Study on an AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Tube after Hot Metal Gas Forming Process

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, Yi; Wu, Xin

    2007-06-01

    An AZ31 magnesium alloy tube has been deformed by the hot metal gas forming (HMGF) technique. Microstructures before and after deformation have been investigated by using Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) and Electron Microscopy. Due to the inhomogeneous distribution by induction heating, there is a temperature gradient distribution along the tube axis. Accordingly, the deformation mechanism is also different. In the middle area of deformation zone where the temperature is ˜410 °C, almost no twinning has been found, whereas at the edge areas of deformation zone where the temperature is ˜200 °C, a high density of twins has been found. EBSD experiments show a weak (0001) fiber texture along the radial direction of the tube before and after deformation in the high-temperature zone. EBSD experiments on the low temperature deformation region were not successful due to the high stored energy. Schmid factor analysis on the EBSD data shows that, despite the (0001) fiber texture, there are still many grains favoring basal slip along both the axis direction and hoop direction.

  1. Assessment of the Requirements for Magnesium Transporters in Bacillus subtilis

    PubMed Central

    Wakeman, Catherine A.; Goodson, Jonathan R.; Zacharia, Vineetha M.

    2014-01-01

    Magnesium is the most abundant divalent metal in cells and is required for many structural and enzymatic functions. For bacteria, at least three families of proteins function as magnesium transporters. In recent years, it has been shown that a subset of these transport proteins is regulated by magnesium-responsive genetic control elements. In this study, we investigated the cellular requirements for magnesium homeostasis in the model microorganism Bacillus subtilis. Putative magnesium transporter genes were mutationally disrupted, singly and in combination, in order to assess their general importance. Mutation of only one of these genes resulted in strong dependency on supplemental extracellular magnesium. Notably, this transporter gene, mgtE, is known to be under magnesium-responsive genetic regulatory control. This suggests that the identification of magnesium-responsive genetic mechanisms may generally denote primary transport proteins for bacteria. To investigate whether B. subtilis encodes yet additional classes of transport mechanisms, suppressor strains that permitted the growth of a transporter-defective mutant were identified. Several of these strains were sequenced to determine the genetic basis of the suppressor phenotypes. None of these mutations occurred in transport protein homologues; instead, they affected housekeeping functions, such as signal recognition particle components and ATP synthase machinery. From these aggregate data, we speculate that the mgtE protein provides the primary route of magnesium import in B. subtilis and that the other putative transport proteins are likely to be utilized for more-specialized growth conditions. PMID:24415722

  2. New Agents for the Extinguishment of Magnesium Fires.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1978-04-01

    34 23 July 1942. German Patent 724,795. 8. Beythien, R., Wienhaus, H., and von Zehman, H., "Extinguish- ing Magnesium and Other Light Metal Fires ," 12...34Trimethoxyboroxine--An Extinguishing Agent for Metal Fires ," ACS Advances in Chemistry, No. 23, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. pp 158...13. Miyashima, Z., "Fire Extinguishing Agent," 7 October 1958. Japanese Patent 8,946. 14. Jenkner, H., "Extinguishing Metal Fires ," 12 September

  3. Synthesis and Structural Studies of Calcium and Magnesium Phosphinate and Phosphonate Compounds

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bampoh, Victoria Naa Kwale

    The work presented herein describes synthetic methodologies leading to the design of a wide array of magnesium and calcium based phosphinate and phosphonates with possible applications as bone scaffolding materials or additives to bone cements. The challenge to the chemistry of the alkaline earth phosphonate target compounds includes poor solubility of compounds, and poorly understood details on the control of the metal's coordination environment. Hence, less is known on phosphonate based alkaline earth metal organic frameworks as compared to transition metal phosphonates. Factors governing the challenges in obtaining crystalline, well-defined magnesium and calcium solids lie in the large metal diameters, the absence of energetically available d-orbitals to direct metal geometry, as well as the overall weakness of the metal-ligand bonds. A significant part of this project was concerned with the development of suitable reaction conditions to obtain X-ray quality crystals of the reaction products to allow for structural elucidation of the novel compounds. Various methodologies to aid in crystal growth including hydrothermal methods and gel crystallization were employed. We have used phosphinate and phosphonate ligands with different number of phosphorus oxygen atoms as well as diphosphonates with different linker lengths to determine their effects on the overall structural features. An interesting correlation is observed between the dimensionality of products and the increasing number of donor oxygen atoms in the ligands as we progress from phosphinic acid to the phosphorous acids. As an example, monophosphinate ligand only yielded one-dimensional compounds, whereas the phosphonates crystallize as one and two-dimensional compounds, and the di- and triphosphonate based compounds display two or three-dimensional geometries. This thesis provides a selection of calcium and magnesium compounds with one-dimensional geometry, as represented in a calcium phosphinate to novel

  4. 48 CFR 819.7114 - Measurement of program success.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7114 Measurement of program success. The overall success of the VA Mentor-Protégé Program encompassing all participating mentors and... subcontract awards to protégé firms since the time of their entry into the program attributable to the mentor...

  5. Synthesis of a novel slow-release potassium fertilizer from modified Pidgeon magnesium slag by potassium carbonate.

    PubMed

    Li, Yongling; Cheng, Fangqin

    2016-08-01

    A novel slow-release potassium fertilizer (SPF) was synthesized using Pidgeon magnesium slag (PMS) and potassium carbonate, which could minimize fertilizer nutrient loss and PMS disposal problems. Orthogonal experiments were conducted to determine the optimum conditions for synthesis. The potassium (K)-bearing compounds of SPF existed mainly in the form of crystalline phases Ca1.197K0.166SiO4, K2MgSiO4, and K4CaSi3O9, and in the noncrystalline phase. The active silicon content of SPF was 2.09 times as much as that of magnesium slag, and the slow-release character of SPF met the requirement for partly slow-release fertilizer in the national standard (GB/T23348-2009). The best models for describing the K release kinetics in water and 2% citric acid were the Elovich model and the first-order model, respectively. The heavy metal contents of SPF conformed to the national standard for organic-inorganic compound fertilizers, and the leaching mass concentrations of heavy metals and Fluorine were far lower than the limit values of the identification standard for hazardous waste identification for extraction toxicity (GB5085.3-2007), and also met the class II quality standard for ground water. The environmental risk of SPF is therefore very low, but because SPF is alkaline, its effect on soil pH should be taken into account. PMS is the solid waste resulting from the production of magnesium metal by Pidgeon's reduction process. Utilization of PMS in the high-technology and high-value areas may promote the high-efficiency development of worldwide collection metallic magnesium industry and contribute to the reduction of emissions of fine dust to air. This paper presents one of the new techniques in the use of PMS as a slow-release fertilizer by adding K2CO3. The product can serve as a very cost-effective and reliable artificial fertilizer.

  6. The reproducibility of measurements of intramuscular magnesium concentrations and muscle oxidative capacity using 31P MRS

    PubMed Central

    2009-01-01

    31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) has been used to measure intramuscular magnesium concentrations and muscle metabolism. Abnormal intramuscular magnesium has been reported in several patient populations with suspected metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our ability to measure intramuscular magnesium and muscle metabolism in the quadriceps muscles of healthy subjects, and to test whether these measurements were influenced by prior exercise. Twelve normal, healthy male volunteers were tested in a 3 Tesla magnet on four separate days. Resting [Mg2+] was calculated from the heights and frequency shifts of the phosphate, phosphocreatine and ATP peaks. Phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery kinetics were measured after 30-39 second bouts of isometric exercise. Thirty minutes prior to the 3rd test session the subjects completed a 2 hour treadmill walk at 40-60% of heart rate reserve. Resting [Mg2+] averaged 0.388 mM and had an interclass correlation coefficient between days (ICC) of 0.352. The mean end exercise PCr was 47.6% and the mean end exercise pH was 6.97. PCr recovery averaged 39 seconds (p = 0.892) and had an ICC of 0.819. Prior long duration exercise did not produce significant alterations in either PCr recovery kinetics or intracellular magnesium levels (p = 0.440). In conclusion, the reproducibility of Resting [Mg2+] was less than that of PCr recovery measurements, and may reflect the sensitivity of these measurements to phasing errors. In addition, prior exercise is unlikely to alter measurements of resting metabolites or muscle metabolism suggesting that rigorous control of physical activity prior to metabolic testing is unnecessary. PMID:20003509

  7. A SEARCH FOR MAGNESIUM IN EUROPA'S ATMOSPHERE

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hoerst, S. M.; Brown, M. E., E-mail: sarah.horst@colorado.edu

    Europa's tenuous atmosphere results from sputtering of the surface. The trace element composition of its atmosphere is therefore related to the composition of Europa's surface. Magnesium salts are often invoked to explain Galileo Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer spectra of Europa's surface, thus magnesium may be present in Europa's atmosphere. We have searched for magnesium emission in the Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Spectrograph archival spectra of Europa's atmosphere. Magnesium was not detected and we calculate an upper limit on the magnesium column abundance. This upper limit indicates that either Europa's surface is depleted in magnesium relative to sodium and potassium,more » or magnesium is not sputtered as efficiently resulting in a relative depletion in its atmosphere.« less

  8. Magnesium Gluconate

    MedlinePlus

    Magnesium gluconate is used to treat low blood magnesium. Low blood magnesium is caused by gastrointestinal disorders, prolonged vomiting or ... disease, or certain other conditions. Certain drugs lower magnesium levels as well.This medication is sometimes prescribed ...

  9. 48 CFR 819.307 - SDVOSB/VOSB small business status protests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false SDVOSB/VOSB small business... AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Determination of Small Business Status for Small Business Programs 819.307 SDVOSB/VOSB small business status protests. (a) All protests relating to whether...

  10. 48 CFR 819.307 - SDVOSB/VOSB Small Business Status Protests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false SDVOSB/VOSB Small Business... AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Determination of Small Business Status for Small Business Programs 819.307 SDVOSB/VOSB Small Business Status Protests. (a) All protests relating to whether...

  11. 48 CFR 819.307 - SDVOSB/VOSB small business status protests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false SDVOSB/VOSB small business... AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Determination of Small Business Status for Small Business Programs 819.307 SDVOSB/VOSB small business status protests. (a) All protests relating to whether...

  12. 48 CFR 819.307 - SDVOSB/VOSB Small Business Status Protests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false SDVOSB/VOSB Small Business... AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Determination of Small Business Status for Small Business Programs 819.307 SDVOSB/VOSB Small Business Status Protests. (a) All protests relating to whether...

  13. 48 CFR 819.307 - SDVOSB/VOSB small business status protests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false SDVOSB/VOSB small business... AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Determination of Small Business Status for Small Business Programs 819.307 SDVOSB/VOSB small business status protests. (a) All protests relating to whether...

  14. 26 CFR 1.821-5 - Special transitional underwriting loss.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Mutual Insurance Companies (other Than Life and Certain Marine Insurance Companies and Other Than Fire Or Flood Insurance Companies Which Operate on Basis of... 823(a)(1) and paragraph (b)(1) of § 1.823-6) of any company taxable under section 821(a) which was...

  15. 26 CFR 1.821-5 - Special transitional underwriting loss.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Mutual Insurance Companies (other Than Life and Certain Marine Insurance Companies and Other Than Fire Or Flood Insurance Companies Which Operate on Basis of... 823(a)(1) and paragraph (b)(1) of § 1.823-6) of any company taxable under section 821(a) which was...

  16. 26 CFR 1.821-5 - Special transitional underwriting loss.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Mutual Insurance Companies (other Than Life and Certain Marine Insurance Companies and Other Than Fire Or Flood Insurance Companies Which Operate on Basis of... 823(a)(1) and paragraph (b)(1) of § 1.823-6) of any company taxable under section 821(a) which was...

  17. 26 CFR 1.821-5 - Special transitional underwriting loss.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Mutual Insurance Companies (other Than Life and Certain Marine Insurance Companies and Other Than Fire Or Flood Insurance Companies Which Operate on Basis of... 823(a)(1) and paragraph (b)(1) of § 1.823-6) of any company taxable under section 821(a) which was...

  18. Magnesium oxide prepared via metal-chitosan complexation method: Application as catalyst for transesterification of soybean oil and catalyst deactivation studies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Almerindo, Gizelle I.; Probst, Luiz F. D.; Campos, Carlos E. M.; de Almeida, Rusiene M.; Meneghetti, Simoni M. P.; Meneghetti, Mario R.; Clacens, Jean-Marc; Fajardo, Humberto V.

    2011-10-01

    A simple method to prepare magnesium oxide catalysts for biodiesel production by transesterification reaction of soybean oil with ethanol is proposed. The method was developed using a metal-chitosan complex. Compared to the commercial oxide, the proposed catalysts displayed higher surface area and basicity values, leading to higher yield in terms of fatty acid ethyl esters (biodiesel). The deactivation of the catalyst due to contact with CO2 and H2O present in the ambient air was verified. It was confirmed that the active catalytic site is a hydrogenocarbonate adsorption site.

  19. Daily magnesium intake and serum magnesium concentration among Japanese people.

    PubMed

    Akizawa, Yoriko; Koizumi, Sadayuki; Itokawa, Yoshinori; Ojima, Toshiyuki; Nakamura, Yosikazu; Tamura, Tarou; Kusaka, Yukinori

    2008-01-01

    The vitamins and minerals that are deficient in the daily diet of a normal adult remain unknown. To answer this question, we conducted a population survey focusing on the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and serum magnesium level. The subjects were 62 individuals from Fukui Prefecture who participated in the 1998 National Nutrition Survey. The survey investigated the physical status, nutritional status, and dietary data of the subjects. Holidays and special occasions were avoided, and a day when people are most likely to be on an ordinary diet was selected as the survey date. The mean (+/-standard deviation) daily magnesium intake was 322 (+/-132), 323 (+/-163), and 322 (+/-147) mg/day for men, women, and the entire group, respectively. The mean (+/-standard deviation) serum magnesium concentration was 20.69 (+/-2.83), 20.69 (+/-2.88), and 20.69 (+/-2.83) ppm for men, women, and the entire group, respectively. The distribution of serum magnesium concentration was normal. Dietary magnesium intake showed a log-normal distribution, which was then transformed by logarithmic conversion for examining the regression coefficients. The slope of the regression line between the serum magnesium concentration (Y ppm) and daily magnesium intake (X mg) was determined using the formula Y = 4.93 (log(10)X) + 8.49. The coefficient of correlation (r) was 0.29. A regression line (Y = 14.65X + 19.31) was observed between the daily intake of magnesium (Y mg) and serum magnesium concentration (X ppm). The coefficient of correlation was 0.28. The daily magnesium intake correlated with serum magnesium concentration, and a linear regression model between them was proposed.

  20. Scaling-Up Solid Oxide Membrane Electrolysis Technology for Magnesium Production

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pati, Soobhankar; Powell, Adam; Tucker, Steve; Derezinski, Steve

    Metal Oxygen Separation Technologies, Inc. (MOxST) is actively developing Solid Oxide Membrane (SOM) electrolysis technology for production of magnesium directly from its oxide. The vital component of this technology is the oxygen ion-conducting solid zirconia electrolyte separating the molten flux (a mixture of salts and oxide) and the inert anode. The zirconia not only protects the anode from the flux but also prevents anode gas back-reaction, increasing the efficiency. This makes it possible to produce low-cost high-purity magnesium and high-purity oxygen as a byproduct with no direct greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper we discuss the design modifications made to address the scaling-up challenges, particularly for producing magnesium in liquid form. The key accomplishment to date is the successful development of a prototype capable of producing few kilograms of magnesium per day. We will also describe the prerequisite properties of an inert anode and suitable materials for the same.

  1. Porous magnesium-based scaffolds for tissue engineering.

    PubMed

    Yazdimamaghani, Mostafa; Razavi, Mehdi; Vashaee, Daryoosh; Moharamzadeh, Keyvan; Boccaccini, Aldo R; Tayebi, Lobat

    2017-02-01

    Significant amount of research efforts have been dedicated to the development of scaffolds for tissue engineering. Although at present most of the studies are focused on non-load bearing scaffolds, many scaffolds have also been investigated for hard tissue repair. In particular, metallic scaffolds are being studied for hard tissue engineering due to their suitable mechanical properties. Several biocompatible metallic materials such as stainless steels, cobalt alloys, titanium alloys, tantalum, nitinol and magnesium alloys have been commonly employed as implants in orthopedic and dental treatments. They are often used to replace and regenerate the damaged bones or to provide structural support for healing bone defects. Among the common metallic biomaterials, magnesium (Mg) and a number of its alloys are effective because of their mechanical properties close to those of human bone, their natural ionic content that may have important functional roles in physiological systems, and their in vivo biodegradation characteristics in body fluids. Due to such collective properties, Mg based alloys can be employed as biocompatible, bioactive, and biodegradable scaffolds for load-bearing applications. Recently, porous Mg and Mg alloys have been specially suggested as metallic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. With further optimization of the fabrication techniques, porous Mg is expected to make a promising hard substitute scaffold. The present review covers research conducted on the fabrication techniques, surface modifications, properties and biological characteristics of Mg alloys based scaffolds. Furthermore, the potential applications, challenges and future trends of such degradable metallic scaffolds are discussed in detail. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  2. Environmental Assessment 819th Red Horse Five Year Plan, Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-08-07

    1 FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT 2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 3 819TU RED HORSE FIVE YEAR PLAN 4 MALMSTROM AIR FORCE BASE, MONTANA 5 AGENCY...7 BACKGROUND: The 819th RHS was activated on 8 August 1997 at Malmstrom AFB. The 8 RED HORSE mission requires rapid deployment of personnel and... HORSE SQ 5-year Plan 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Jonathan Anstey; Heidi Brothers; Tamara Carroll; Pete Feigley; Sarah

  3. Stable dimeric magnesium(I) compounds: from chemical landmarks to versatile reagents.

    PubMed

    Stasch, Andreas; Jones, Cameron

    2011-06-07

    The chemistry of the s-block metals is dominated by the +1 oxidation state for the Alkali metals (group 1) and the +2 oxidation state for the Alkaline Earth metals (group 2). In recent years, a series of stable dimeric magnesium(I) compounds has been prepared and their chemistry has started to develop. These complexes feature "deformable" Mg-Mg single bonds and are stabilised by sterically demanding and chelating anionic N-ligands that prevent their disproportionation. They have rapidly proven useful in organic and organometallic/inorganic reduction reactions as hydrocarbon soluble, stoichiometric, selective and safe reducing agents. The scope of this perspective focuses on stable molecular compounds of the general type LMgMgL and describes their synthesis, structures, theoretical and spectroscopic studies as well as their further chemistry. Also, comparisons are drawn with related complexes including magnesium(II) hydrides and dimeric zinc(I) compounds.

  4. Timeline (Bioavailability) of Magnesium Compounds in Hours: Which Magnesium Compound Works Best?

    PubMed

    Uysal, Nazan; Kizildag, Servet; Yuce, Zeynep; Guvendi, Guven; Kandis, Sevim; Koc, Basar; Karakilic, Aslı; Camsari, Ulas M; Ates, Mehmet

    2018-04-21

    Magnesium is an element of great importance functioning because of its association with many cellular physiological functions. The magnesium content of foods is gradually decreasing due to food processing, and magnesium supplementation for healthy living has become increasingly popular. However, data is very limited on the bioavailability of various magnesium preparations. The aim of this study is to investigate the bioavailability of five different magnesium compounds (magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, magnesium acetyl taurate, magnesium citrate, and magnesium malate) in different tissues. Following a single dose 400 mg/70 kg magnesium administration to Sprague Dawley rats, bioavailability was evaluated by examining time-dependent absorption, tissue penetration, and the effects on the behavior of the animals. Pharmacokinetically, the area under the curve calculation is highest in the magnesium malate. The magnesium acetyl taurate was found to have the second highest area under the curve calculation. Magnesium acetyl taurate was rapidly absorbed, able to pass through to the brain easily, had the highest tissue concentration level in the brain, and was found to be associated with decreased anxiety indicators. Magnesium malate levels remained high for an extended period of time in the serum. The commonly prescribed dietary supplements magnesium oxide and magnesium citrate had the lowest bioavailability when compared to our control group. More research is needed to investigate the bioavailability of magnesium malate and acetyl taurate compounds and their effects in specific tissues and on behavior.

  5. Daily Magnesium Intake and Serum Magnesium Concentration among Japanese People

    PubMed Central

    Akizawa, Yoriko; Koizumi, Sadayuki; Itokawa, Yoshinori; Ojima, Toshiyuki; Nakamura, Yosikazu; Tamura, Tarou; Kusaka, Yukinori

    2008-01-01

    Background The vitamins and minerals that are deficient in the daily diet of a normal adult remain unknown. To answer this question, we conducted a population survey focusing on the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and serum magnesium level. Methods The subjects were 62 individuals from Fukui Prefecture who participated in the 1998 National Nutrition Survey. The survey investigated the physical status, nutritional status, and dietary data of the subjects. Holidays and special occasions were avoided, and a day when people are most likely to be on an ordinary diet was selected as the survey date. Results The mean (±standard deviation) daily magnesium intake was 322 (±132), 323 (±163), and 322 (±147) mg/day for men, women, and the entire group, respectively. The mean (±standard deviation) serum magnesium concentration was 20.69 (±2.83), 20.69 (±2.88), and 20.69 (±2.83) ppm for men, women, and the entire group, respectively. The distribution of serum magnesium concentration was normal. Dietary magnesium intake showed a log-normal distribution, which was then transformed by logarithmic conversion for examining the regression coefficients. The slope of the regression line between the serum magnesium concentration (Y ppm) and daily magnesium intake (X mg) was determined using the formula Y = 4.93 (log10X) + 8.49. The coefficient of correlation (r) was 0.29. A regression line (Y = 14.65X + 19.31) was observed between the daily intake of magnesium (Y mg) and serum magnesium concentration (X ppm). The coefficient of correlation was 0.28. Conclusion The daily magnesium intake correlated with serum magnesium concentration, and a linear regression model between them was proposed. PMID:18635902

  6. 26 CFR 1.821-5 - Special transitional underwriting loss.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Mutual Insurance Companies (other Than Life and Certain Marine Insurance Companies and Other Than Fire Or Flood Insurance Companies Which Operate on Basis of Perpetual Policies Or... paragraph (b)(1) of § 1.823-6) of any company taxable under section 821(a) which was taxable under section...

  7. 48 CFR 819.502-2 - Total small business set-asides.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Total small business set... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Set-Asides for Small Business 819.502-2 Total small business set-asides. (a) When a total small business set-aside is made, one of the following statements, as applicable...

  8. 48 CFR 819.502-2 - Total small business set-asides.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Total small business set... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Set-Asides for Small Business 819.502-2 Total small business set-asides. (a) When a total small business set-aside is made, one of the following statements, as applicable...

  9. 48 CFR 819.502-2 - Total small business set-asides.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Total small business set... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Set-Asides for Small Business 819.502-2 Total small business set-asides. (a) When a total small business set-aside is made, one of the following statements, as applicable...

  10. 48 CFR 819.502-2 - Total small business set-asides.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Total small business set... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Set-Asides for Small Business 819.502-2 Total small business set-asides. (a) When a total small business set-aside is made, one of the following statements, as applicable...

  11. 48 CFR 819.502-2 - Total small business set-asides.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Total small business set... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Set-Asides for Small Business 819.502-2 Total small business set-asides. (a) When a total small business set-aside is made, one of the following statements, as applicable...

  12. Atomic layer deposition of magnesium fluoride via bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)magnesium and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hennessy, John, E-mail: hennessy@caltech.edu; Jewell, April D.; Greer, Frank

    2015-01-15

    A new process has been developed to deposit magnesium fluoride (MgF{sub 2}) thin films via atomic layer deposition (ALD) for use as optical coatings in the ultraviolet. MgF{sub 2} was deposited in a showerhead style ALD reactor using bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)magnesium and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF) as precursors at substrate temperatures from 100 to 250 °C. The use of HF was observed to result in improved morphology and reduced impurity content compared to other reported MgF{sub 2} ALD approaches that use metal fluoride precursors as the fluorine-containing chemistry. Characterization of these films has been performed using spectroscopic ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy, and x-raymore » photoelectron spectroscopy for material deposited on silicon substrates. Films at all substrate temperatures were transparent at wavelengths down to 190 nm and the low deposition temperature combined with low surface roughness makes these coatings good candidates for a variety of optical applications in the far ultraviolet.« less

  13. Properties of porous magnesium prepared by powder metallurgy.

    PubMed

    Čapek, Jaroslav; Vojtěch, Dalibor

    2013-01-01

    Porous magnesium-based materials are biodegradable and promising for use in orthopaedic applications, but their applications are hampered by their difficult fabrication. This work reports the preparation of porous magnesium materials by a powder metallurgy technique using ammonium bicarbonate as spacer particles. The porosity of the materials depended on the amount of ammonium bicarbonate and was found to have strong negative effects on flexural strength and corrosion behaviour. However, the flexural strength of materials with porosities of up to 28 vol.% was higher than the flexural strength of non-metallic biomaterials and comparable with that of natural bone. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  14. Acute, 28days sub acute and genotoxic profiling of Quercetin-Magnesium complex in Swiss albino mice.

    PubMed

    Ghosh, Nilanjan; Sandur, Rajendra; Ghosh, Deepanwita; Roy, Souvik; Janadri, Suresh

    2017-02-01

    Quercetin-Magnesium complex is one of the youngest alkaline rare earth metal (Magnesium) complexes with flavonoids (Quercetin) in organo-metalic family. Earlier studies describe the details of the complex formation, characterization and antioxidant study of the complex but toxicity profile is still under darkness. The present study was taken up to investigate the oral acute toxicity, 28days repeated oral sub-acute toxicity study and genotoxicity study of Quercetin-Magnesium complex in Swiss albino mice. Quercetin-Magnesium complex showed mortality at a dose of 185mg/kg in the Swiss albino mice. In 28days repeated oral toxicity study, Quercetin-Magnesium complex was administered to both sex of Swiss albino mice at dose levels of 150, 130 and 100mg/kg body weight respectively. Where 150mg/kg dose shows increased levels of white blood cells and changes in total protein, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Histopathological study of Quercetin-Magnesium complex shows minor structural alteration in kidney at 150mg/kg dose. No observed toxic level found in 130mg/kg or below doses. No genotoxic effect found in any doses of the complex. Therefore 130mg/kg or below dose level could be better for further study. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  15. A Versatile Method for Nanostructuring Metals, Alloys and Metal Based Composites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gurau, G.; Gurau, C.; Bujoreanu, L. G.; Sampath, V.

    2017-06-01

    A new severe plastic deformation method based on High Pressure Torsion is described. The method patented as High Speed High Pressure Torsion (HSHPT) shows a wide scope and excellent adaptability assuring large plastic deformation degree on metals, alloys even on hard to deform or brittle alloys. The paper present results obtained on aluminium, magnesium, titan, iron and coper alloys. In addition capability of HSHPT to process metallic composites is described. OM SEM, TEM, DSC, RDX and HV investigation methods were employed to confirm fine and ultrafine structure.

  16. 30 CFR 75.819 - Motor-starter enclosures; barriers and interlocks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Motor-starter enclosures; barriers and...-Voltage Distribution High-Voltage Longwalls § 75.819 Motor-starter enclosures; barriers and interlocks. Compartment separation and cover interlock switches for motor-starter enclosures must be maintained in...

  17. A Case of a Magnesium Oxide Bezoar.

    PubMed

    Iwamuro, Masaya; Saito, Shunsuke; Yoshioka, Masao; Urata, Haruo; Ueda, Kumiko; Yamamoto, Kazuhide; Okada, Hiroyuki

    2018-06-06

    A 75-year-old Japanese woman presented with nausea and appetite loss. Computed tomography showed a radiopaque substance in the stomach. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed bezoars in the stomach, which were endoscopically retrieved. The bezoars were mainly composed of magnesium and oxide. Although bezoar formation associated with magnesium oxide consumption is infrequently encountered, the present case indicates that pharmacobezoar should be considered among the differential diagnoses in patients who demonstrate a radiopaque mass in the digestive tract and have a history of magnesium oxide use.

  18. Corrosion resistance of titanium ion implanted AZ91 magnesium alloy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Liu Chenglong; Xin Yunchang; Tian Xiubo

    2007-03-15

    Degradable metal alloys constitute a new class of materials for load-bearing biomedical implants. Owing to their good mechanical properties and biocompatibility, magnesium alloys are promising in degradable prosthetic implants. The objective of this study is to improve the corrosion behavior of surgical AZ91 magnesium alloy by titanium ion implantation. The surface characteristics of the ion implanted layer in the magnesium alloys are examined. The authors' results disclose that an intermixed layer is produced and the surface oxidized films are mainly composed of titanium oxide with a lesser amount of magnesium oxide. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that the oxide has threemore » layers. The outer layer which is 10 nm thick is mainly composed of MgO and TiO{sub 2} with some Mg(OH){sub 2}. The middle layer that is 50 nm thick comprises predominantly TiO{sub 2} and MgO with minor contributions from MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} and TiO. The third layer from the surface is rich in metallic Mg, Ti, Al, and Ti{sub 3}Al. The effects of Ti ion implantation on the corrosion resistance and electrochemical behavior of the magnesium alloys are investigated in simulated body fluids at 37{+-}1 deg. C using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and open circuit potential techniques. Compared to the unimplanted AZ91 alloy, titanium ion implantation significantly shifts the open circuit potential (OCP) to a more positive potential and improves the corrosion resistance at OCP. This phenomenon can be ascribed to the more compact surface oxide film, enhanced reoxidation on the implanted surface, as well as the increased {beta}-Mg{sub 12}Al{sub 17} phase.« less

  19. Characterization and Evolution of Tetrameric Photosystem I from the Thermophilic Cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis sp TS-821[C][W][OPEN

    PubMed Central

    Li, Meng; Semchonok, Dmitry A.; Boekema, Egbert J.; Bruce, Barry D.

    2014-01-01

    Photosystem I (PSI) is a reaction center associated with oxygenic photosynthesis. Unlike the monomeric reaction centers in green and purple bacteria, PSI forms trimeric complexes in most cyanobacteria with a 3-fold rotational symmetry that is primarily stabilized via adjacent PsaL subunits; however, in plants/algae, PSI is monomeric. In this study, we discovered a tetrameric form of PSI in the thermophilic cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis sp TS-821 (TS-821). In TS-821, PSI forms tetrameric and dimeric species. We investigated these species by Blue Native PAGE, Suc density gradient centrifugation, 77K fluorescence, circular dichroism, and single-particle analysis. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of native membranes confirms the presence of the tetrameric PSI structure prior to detergent solubilization. To investigate why TS-821 forms tetramers instead of trimers, we cloned and analyzed its psaL gene. Interestingly, this gene product contains a short insert between the second and third predicted transmembrane helices. Phylogenetic analysis based on PsaL protein sequences shows that TS-821 is closely related to heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria, some of which also have a tetrameric form of PSI. These results are discussed in light of chloroplast evolution, and we propose that PSI evolved stepwise from a trimeric form to tetrameric oligomer en route to becoming monomeric in plants/algae. PMID:24681621

  20. Production of Magnesium by Vacuum Aluminothermic Reduction with Magnesium Aluminate Spinel as a By-Product

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Yaowu; You, Jing; Peng, Jianping; Di, Yuezhong

    2016-06-01

    The Pidgeon process currently accounts for 85% of the world's magnesium production. Although the Pidgeon process has been greatly improved over the past 10 years, such production still consumes much energy and material and creates much pollution. The present study investigates the process of producing magnesium by employing vacuum aluminothermic reduction and by using magnesite as material and obtaining magnesium aluminate spinel as a by-product. The results show that compared with the Pidgeon process, producing magnesium by vacuum aluminothermic reduction can save materials by as much as 50%, increase productivity up to 100%, and save energy by more than 50%. It can also reduce CO2 emission by up to 60% and realize zero discharge of waste residue. Vacuum aluminothermic reduction is a highly efficient, low-energy-consumption, and environmentally friendly method of producing magnesium.

  1. Corrosion assessment and enhanced biocompatibility analysis of biodegradable magnesium-based alloys

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pompa, Luis Enrique

    Magnesium alloys have raised immense interest to many researchers because of its evolution as a new third generation material. Due to their biocompatibility, density, and mechanical properties, magnesium alloys are frequently reported as prospective biodegradable implant materials. Moreover, magnesium based alloys experience a natural phenomena to biodegrade in aqueous solutions due to its corrosive activity, which is excellent for orthopedic and cardiovascular applications. However, major concerns with such alloys are fast and non-uniform corrosion degradation. Controlling the degradation rate in the physiological environment determines the success of an implant. In this investigation, three grades of magnesium alloys: AZ31B, AZ91E and ZK60A were studied for their corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and contact angle meter are used to study surface morphology, chemistry, roughness and wettability, respectively. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the leached metal ions was evaluated by a tetrazolium based bio-assay, MTS.

  2. REDUCTION OF FLUORIDE TO METAL

    DOEpatents

    Carlson, O.N.; Schmidt, F.A.; Spedding, F.H.

    1960-08-30

    A process is given for making yttrium metal by reducing yttrium fluoride with calcium plus magnesium. Calcium is added in an excess of from 10 to 20% and magnesium in a quantity to yield a magnesium--yttrium alloy containing from 12 to 25% magnesium when the reaction mass is heated in an inert atmosphere at from 900 to 1106 deg C, but preferably above the melting point of the alloy. Calcium chloride may be added so as to obtain a less viscous slag containing from 30 to 60% calcium chloride. After removal of the slag the alloy is vacuum-heated at about 1100 deg C for volatilization of the magnesium and calcium.

  3. Facile formation of biomimetic color-tuned superhydrophobic magnesium alloy with corrosion resistance.

    PubMed

    Ishizaki, Takahiro; Sakamoto, Michiru

    2011-03-15

    The design of color-tuned magnesium alloy with anticorrosive properties and damping capacity was created by means of a simple and inexpensive method. The vertically self-aligned nano- and microsheets were formed on magnesium alloy AZ31 by a chemical-free immersion process in ultrapure water at a temperature of 120 °C, resulting in the color expression. The color changed from silver with metallic luster to some specific colors such as orange, green, and orchid, depending on the immersion time. The color-tuned magnesium alloy showed anticorrosive performance and damping capacity. In addition, the colored surface with minute surface textures was modified with n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODS), leading to the formation of color-tuned superhydrophobic surfaces. The corrosion resistance of the color-tuned superhydrophobic magnesium alloy was also investigated using electrochemical potentiodynamic measurements. Moreover, the color-tuned superhydrophobic magnesium alloy showed high hydrophobicity not just for pure water but also for corrosive liquids, such as acidic, basic, and some aqueous salt solutions. In addition, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard D 3359-02 cross cut tape test was performed to investigate the adhesion of the color-tuned superhydrophobic film to the magnesium alloy surface.

  4. 48 CFR 819.202-5 - Data collection and reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 819.202-5 Data collection and... responsibilities designated in FAR 19.202-5, cooperate with OSDBU in formulating specific small business program... goals with the Small Business Administration (SBA). (d) As an addendum to the report, each acquisition...

  5. 48 CFR 819.202-5 - Data collection and reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 819.202-5 Data collection and... responsibilities designated in FAR 19.202-5, cooperate with OSDBU in formulating specific small business program... goals with the Small Business Administration (SBA). (d) As an addendum to the report, each acquisition...

  6. 48 CFR 819.202-5 - Data collection and reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 819.202-5 Data collection and... responsibilities designated in FAR 19.202-5, cooperate with OSDBU in formulating specific small business program... goals with the Small Business Administration (SBA). (d) As an addendum to the report, each acquisition...

  7. 48 CFR 819.202-5 - Data collection and reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 819.202-5 Data collection and... responsibilities designated in FAR 19.202-5, cooperate with OSDBU in formulating specific small business program... goals with the Small Business Administration (SBA). (d) As an addendum to the report, each acquisition...

  8. 48 CFR 819.202-5 - Data collection and reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 819.202-5 Data collection and... responsibilities designated in FAR 19.202-5, cooperate with OSDBU in formulating specific small business program... goals with the Small Business Administration (SBA). (d) As an addendum to the report, each acquisition...

  9. Adsorption of Atoms of 3 d Metals on the Surfaces of Aluminum and Magnesium Oxide Films

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ramonova, A. G.; Kibizov, D. D.; Kozyrev, E. N.; Zaalishvili, V. B.; Grigorkina, G. S.; Fukutani, K.; Magkoev, T. T.

    2018-01-01

    The adsorption and formation of submonolayer structures of Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu on the surfaces of aluminum and magnesium oxide films formed on Mo(110) under ultrahigh vacuum conditions are studied via X-ray, ultraviolet photo-, and Auger electron spectroscopy (XPS, UVES, AES); spectroscopy of energy losses of high-resolution electrons (SELHRE); spectroscopy of the backscattering of low-energy ions (SBSLEI); infrared absorption spectroscopy (IAS); and the diffraction of slow electrons (DSE). Individual atoms and small clusters of all the investigated metals deposited on oxides acquire a positive charge, due presumably to interaction with surface defects. As the concentration of adatoms increases when the adsorption centers caused by defects are filled, charge transfer from adatoms to substrates is reduced. This is accompanied by further depolarization caused by the lateral interaction of adatoms.

  10. Polymorphisms -1082 G/A and -819 C/T in the interleukin-10 gene are not associated with gout susceptibility in the Chinese Han male population.

    PubMed

    Liu, Shiguo; Zhang, Kun; Yin, Congcong; Han, Lin; Sun, Yuping; Ren, Wei; Chu, Nan; Li, Changgui

    2012-08-01

    Gout is caused by monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation of the joints and periarticular tissues. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an important immunoregulatory cytokine, levels of which can be influenced by functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter. To investigate the association of -1082 G/A and -819 C/T polymorphisms in the IL-10 promoter with gout susceptibility in the Chinese Han male population. A case-control study was performed in 302 patients and 284 controls. Genotyping of IL-10 -1082 G/A and -819 C/T polymorphisms was performed by DNA sequencing techniques. An association analysis was analyzed by the χ(2) test. No significant differences were found in -819T/C and -1082 A/G genotypic and allelic frequencies between gout cases and controls (for -819T/C, χ(2)=0.212, df=1, p=0.645 by genotype; χ(2)=0.079, df=1, p=0.779 by allele; for -1082 A/G, χ(2)=2.116, df=1, p=0.146 by genotype; χ(2)=1.854, df=1, p=0.173 by allele). IL-10 -1082 G/A and -819 C/T polymorphisms may not be associated with susceptibility to gout and thus do not play a major role in the development of gout in the Chinese Han male population.

  11. 25 CFR 115.819 - What steps will be taken to locate an individual whose per capita check is returned as...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ....819 Section 115.819 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES... issuance and will take reasonable action, including utilizing electronic search tools, to locate the...

  12. The Superheat Phenomenon in the Combustion of Magnesium Particles

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Shafirovich, E. IA.; Goldshleger, U. I.

    1992-01-01

    Magnesium is known to be a likely fuel for engines that could work in the CO2 atmospheres of Mars and Venus. The present paper reports temperature measurements of magnesium samples during combustion in CO2. The burning sample temperature increases with the decrease in the initial size. The temperature of the 1-mm samples is 300-400 K higher than the boiling point of magnesium. The stability of the superheated drop is explained by the presence of a porous shell on the surface. An attempt has been made to describe vaporization on the superheated drop by the Knudsen-Langmuir equation. During combustion at high-pressure fragment ejection of the flame is observed in high-speed motion pictures. This phenomenon is shown to be connected with the drop superheat. The repeated fracture of the outer shell formed in the flame ensures the complete burnout of metal particles at high pressure.

  13. Layered materials with improved magnesium intercalation for rechargeable magnesium ion cells

    DOEpatents

    Doe, Robert Ellis; Downie, Craig Michael; Fischer, Christopher; Lane, George Hamilton; Morgan, Dane; Nevin, Josh; Ceder, Gerbrand; Persson, Kristin Aslaug; Eaglesham, David

    2015-10-27

    Electrochemical devices which incorporate cathode materials that include layered crystalline compounds for which a structural modification has been achieved which increases the diffusion rate of multi-valent ions into and out of the cathode materials. Examples in which the layer spacing of the layered electrode materials is modified to have a specific spacing range such that the spacing is optimal for diffusion of magnesium ions are presented. An electrochemical cell comprised of a positive intercalation electrode, a negative metal electrode, and a separator impregnated with a nonaqeuous electrolyte solution containing multi-valent ions and arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode active material is described.

  14. Recent advances in magnesium assessment: From single selective sensors to multisensory approach.

    PubMed

    Lvova, Larisa; Gonçalves, Carla Guanais; Di Natale, Corrado; Legin, Andrey; Kirsanov, Dmitry; Paolesse, Roberto

    2018-03-01

    The development of efficient analytical procedures for the selective detection of magnesium is an important analytical task, since this element is one of the most abundant metals in cells and plays an essential role in a plenty of cellular processes. Magnesium misbalance has been related to several pathologies and diseases both in plants and animals, as far as in humans, but the number of suitable methods for magnesium detection especially in life sample and biological environments is scarce. Chemical sensors, due to their high reliability, simplicity of handling and instrumentation, fast and real-time in situ and on site analysis are promising candidates for magnesium analysis and represent an attractive alternative to the standard instrumental methods. Here the recent achievements in the development of chemical sensors for magnesium ions detection over the last decade are reviewed. The working principles and the main types of sensors applied are described. Focus is placed on the optical sensors and multisensory systems applications for magnesium assessment in different media. Further, a critical outlook on the employment of multisensory approach in comparison to single selective sensors application in biological samples is presented. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  15. 48 CFR 819.202-1 - Encouraging small business participation in acquisitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Encouraging small business... VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 819.202-1 Encouraging small... calendar days to encourage small business participation. A period of less than 7 days may not be prescribed...

  16. 48 CFR 819.202-1 - Encouraging small business participation in acquisitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Encouraging small business... VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 819.202-1 Encouraging small... calendar days to encourage small business participation. A period of less than 7 days may not be prescribed...

  17. 48 CFR 819.202-1 - Encouraging small business participation in acquisitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Encouraging small business... VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 819.202-1 Encouraging small... calendar days to encourage small business participation. A period of less than 7 days may not be prescribed...

  18. 48 CFR 819.202-1 - Encouraging small business participation in acquisitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Encouraging small business... VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 819.202-1 Encouraging small... calendar days to encourage small business participation. A period of less than 7 days may not be prescribed...

  19. 48 CFR 819.202-1 - Encouraging small business participation in acquisitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Encouraging small business... VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 819.202-1 Encouraging small... calendar days to encourage small business participation. A period of less than 7 days may not be prescribed...

  20. Hybrid system for rechargeable magnesium battery with high energy density

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chang, Zheng; Yang, Yaqiong; Wang, Xiaowei; Li, Minxia; Fu, Zhengwen; Wu, Yuping; Holze, Rudolf

    2015-07-01

    One of the main challenges of electrical energy storage (EES) is the development of environmentally friendly battery systems with high safety and high energy density. Rechargeable Mg batteries have been long considered as one highly promising system due to the use of low cost and dendrite-free magnesium metal. The bottleneck for traditional Mg batteries is to achieve high energy density since their output voltage is below 2.0 V. Here, we report a magnesium battery using Mg in Grignard reagent-based electrolyte as the negative electrode, a lithium intercalation compound in aqueous solution as the positive electrode, and a solid electrolyte as a separator. Its average discharge voltage is 2.1 V with stable discharge platform and good cycling life. The calculated energy density based on the two electrodes is high. These findings open another door to rechargeable magnesium batteries.

  1. Hybrid system for rechargeable magnesium battery with high energy density

    PubMed Central

    Chang, Zheng; Yang, Yaqiong; Wang, Xiaowei; Li, Minxia; Fu, Zhengwen; Wu, Yuping; Holze, Rudolf

    2015-01-01

    One of the main challenges of electrical energy storage (EES) is the development of environmentally friendly battery systems with high safety and high energy density. Rechargeable Mg batteries have been long considered as one highly promising system due to the use of low cost and dendrite-free magnesium metal. The bottleneck for traditional Mg batteries is to achieve high energy density since their output voltage is below 2.0 V. Here, we report a magnesium battery using Mg in Grignard reagent-based electrolyte as the negative electrode, a lithium intercalation compound in aqueous solution as the positive electrode, and a solid electrolyte as a separator. Its average discharge voltage is 2.1 V with stable discharge platform and good cycling life. The calculated energy density based on the two electrodes is high. These findings open another door to rechargeable magnesium batteries. PMID:26173624

  2. Optimization of chlorine fluxing process for magnesium removal from molten aluminum

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fu, Qian

    High-throughput and low operational cost are the keys to a successful industrial process. Much aluminum is now recycled in the form of used beverage cans and this aluminum is of alloys that contain high levels of magnesium. It is common practice to "demag" the metal by injecting chlorine that preferentially reacts with the magnesium. In the conventional chlorine fluxing processes, low reaction efficiency results in excessive reactive gas emissions. In this study, through an experimental investigation of the reaction kinetics involved in this process, a mathematical model is set up for the purpose of process optimization. A feedback controlled chlorine reduction process strategy is suggested for demagging the molten aluminum to the desired magnesium level without significant gas emissions. This strategy also needs the least modification of the existing process facility. The suggested process time will only be slightly longer than conventional methods and chlorine usage and emissions will be reduced. In order to achieve process optimization through novel designs in any fluxing process, a system is necessary for measuring the bubble distribution in liquid metals. An electro-resistivity probe described in the literature has low accuracy and its capability to measure bubble distribution has not yet been fully demonstrated. A capacitance bubble probe was designed for bubble measurements in molten metals. The probe signal was collected and processed digitally. Higher accuracy was obtained by higher discrimination against corrupted signals. A single-size bubble experiment in Belmont metal was designed to reveal the characteristic response of the capacitance probe. This characteristic response fits well with a theoretical model. It is suggested that using a properly designed deconvolution process, the actual bubble size distribution can be calculated. The capacitance probe was used to study some practical bubble generation devices. Preliminary results on bubble distribution

  3. Infrared spectra of some acetone—magnesium adducts

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hisatsune, I. C.

    Co-deposition of atomic magnesium with excess acetone at liquid-nitrogen temperature produces an unstable charge-transfer complex with a characteristic carbonyl infrared band at 1595 cm -1 and stable acetone adducts in which the metal atom bridges the carbonyl bond (π-complex) or coordinates to the oxygen atom (σ-complex). Infrared spectra of these complexes with (CH 3) 2CO and (CD 3) 2CO have been obtained. Corroborations for these adducts were obtained from infrared studies of acetone matrices with atomic copper and acetaldehyde matrices with atomic magnesium and with atomic copper. Infrared spectra of an acetone adduct and a dimethyl ether adduct of the Grignard reagent CH 3MgI have also been obtained. Hydrolysis of a σ-adduct gives acetone but isopropyl alcohol is obtained from hydrolysis of the π-adduct.

  4. Magnesium in pregnancy.

    PubMed

    Dalton, Lynne M; Ní Fhloinn, Deirdre M; Gaydadzhieva, Gergana T; Mazurkiewicz, Ola M; Leeson, Heather; Wright, Ciara P

    2016-09-01

    Magnesium deficiency is prevalent in women of childbearing age in both developing and developed countries. The need for magnesium increases during pregnancy, and the majority of pregnant women likely do not meet this increased need. Magnesium deficiency or insufficiency during pregnancy may pose a health risk for both the mother and the newborn, with implications that may extend into adulthood of the offspring. The measurement of serum magnesium is the most widely used method for determining magnesium levels, but it has significant limitations that have both hindered the assessment of deficiency and affected the reliability of studies in pregnant women. Thus far, limited studies have suggested links between magnesium inadequacy and certain conditions in pregnancy associated with high mortality and morbidity, such as gestational diabetes, preterm labor, preeclampsia, and small for gestational age or intrauterine growth restriction. This review provides recommendations for further study and improved testing using measurement of red cell magnesium. Pregnant women should be counseled to increase their intake of magnesium-rich foods such as nuts, seeds, beans, and leafy greens and/or to supplement with magnesium at a safe level. © The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  5. The unexpected discovery of the Mg(HMDS) 2 /MgCl 2 complex as a magnesium electrolyte for rechargeable magnesium batteries

    DOE PAGES

    Liao, Chen; Sa, Niya; Key, Baris; ...

    2015-02-02

    We developed a unique class of non-Grignard, aluminum-free magnesium electrolytes based on a simple mixture of magnesium compounds: magnesium hexamethyldisilazide (Mg(HMDS) 2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl 2).

  6. 17 CFR 249.819 - Form 19b-4, for electronic filings with respect to proposed rule changes, advance notices and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... self-regulatory organizations. 249.819 Section 249.819 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES... changes, advance notices and security-based swap submissions by all self-regulatory organizations. This form shall be used by all self-regulatory organizations, as defined in Section 3(a)(26) of the...

  7. 17 CFR 249.819 - Form 19b-4, for electronic filings with respect to proposed rule changes, advance notices and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... self-regulatory organizations. 249.819 Section 249.819 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES... changes, advance notices and security-based swap submissions by all self-regulatory organizations. This form shall be used by all self-regulatory organizations, as defined in Section 3(a)(26) of the...

  8. 14 CFR 91.821 - Civil supersonic airplanes: Noise limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Civil supersonic airplanes: Noise limits... Noise Limits § 91.821 Civil supersonic airplanes: Noise limits. Except for Concorde airplanes having... airplane that does not comply with Stage 2 noise limits of part 36 in effect on October 13, 1977, using...

  9. 14 CFR 91.821 - Civil supersonic airplanes: Noise limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Civil supersonic airplanes: Noise limits... Noise Limits § 91.821 Civil supersonic airplanes: Noise limits. Except for Concorde airplanes having... airplane that does not comply with Stage 2 noise limits of part 36 in effect on October 13, 1977, using...

  10. 14 CFR 91.821 - Civil supersonic airplanes: Noise limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Civil supersonic airplanes: Noise limits... Noise Limits § 91.821 Civil supersonic airplanes: Noise limits. Except for Concorde airplanes having... airplane that does not comply with Stage 2 noise limits of part 36 in effect on October 13, 1977, using...

  11. 14 CFR 91.821 - Civil supersonic airplanes: Noise limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Civil supersonic airplanes: Noise limits... Noise Limits § 91.821 Civil supersonic airplanes: Noise limits. Except for Concorde airplanes having... airplane that does not comply with Stage 2 noise limits of part 36 in effect on October 13, 1977, using...

  12. 14 CFR 91.821 - Civil supersonic airplanes: Noise limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Civil supersonic airplanes: Noise limits... Noise Limits § 91.821 Civil supersonic airplanes: Noise limits. Except for Concorde airplanes having... airplane that does not comply with Stage 2 noise limits of part 36 in effect on October 13, 1977, using...

  13. Knockdown of SLC41A1 magnesium transporter promotes mineralization and attenuates magnesium inhibition during osteogenesis of mesenchymal stromal cells.

    PubMed

    Tsao, Yu-Tzu; Shih, Ya-Yi; Liu, Yu-An; Liu, Yi-Shiuan; Lee, Oscar K

    2017-02-21

    Magnesium is essential for numerous physiological functions. Magnesium exists mostly in bone and the amount is dynamically regulated by skeletal remodeling. Accelerating bone mass loss occurs when magnesium intake is insufficient; whereas high magnesium could lead to mineralization defects. However, the underlying magnesium regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, we investigated the effects of high extracellular magnesium concentration on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and the role of magnesium transporter SLC41A1 in the mineralization process. Murine MSCs derived from the bone marrow of BALB/c mouse or commercially purchased human MSCs were treated with osteogenic induction medium containing 5.8 mM magnesium chloride and the osteogenic differentiation efficiency was compared with that of MSCs in normal differentiation medium containing 0.8 mM magnesium chloride by cell morphology, gene expression profile of osteogenic markers, and Alizarin Red staining. Slc41a1 gene knockdown in MSCs was performed by siRNA transfection using Lipofectamine RNAiMAX, and the differentiation efficiency of siRNA-treated MSCs was also assessed. High concentration of extracellular magnesium ion inhibited mineralization during osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Early osteogenic marker genes including osterix, alkaline phosphatase, and type I collagen were significantly downregulated in MSCs under high concentration of magnesium, whereas late marker genes such as osteopontin, osteocalcin, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 were upregulated with statistical significance compared with those in normal differentiation medium containing 0.8 mM magnesium. siRNA treatment targeting SLC41A1 magnesium transporter, a member of the solute carrier family with a predominant Mg 2+ efflux system, accelerated the mineralization process and ameliorated the inhibition of mineralization caused by high concentration of magnesium. High concentration of

  14. Degradation of magnesium and its alloys: dependence on the composition of the synthetic biological media.

    PubMed

    Mueller, Wolf-Dieter; de Mele, Monica Fernández Lorenzo; Nascimento, Maria Lucia; Zeddies, Miriam

    2009-08-01

    Magnesium and its alloys are highly degradable metals that are potentially useful as biomaterials, especially in orthopaedic and cardiovascular applications. However, the in vivo corrosion has proved to be too high. Because of the complexity of in vivo conditions, a careful study of the corrosion of magnesium in synthetic solutions that simulate the in vivo environment is necessary as a first approach to predict the actual in vivo situation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the electrolyte composition on the corrosion behavior of magnesium and two Mg-alloys in synthetic biological media. Pure magnesium and its alloys (AZ31 and LAE442) were employed in the experiments. Electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization curves were recorded in sodium chloride and PBS electrolytes with different chloride ion and albumin concentration. Optical and SEM observations complemented by EDX analysis were made. The results showed that magnesium corrosion is localized in chloride- and albumin-containing buffer solutions. They also showed that the chloride concentration and the presence of buffer and protein strongly affect the electrochemical behavior of magnesium and magnesium alloys.

  15. Mixed metal films with switchable optical properties

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Richardson, T. J.; Slack, J. L.; Farangis, B.; Rubin, M. D.

    2002-02-01

    Thin, Pd-capped metallic films containing magnesium and first-row transition metals (Mn, Fe, Co) switch reversibly from their initial reflecting state to visually transparent states when exposed to gaseous hydrogen or following cathodic polarization in an alkaline electrolyte. Reversion to the reflecting state is achieved by exposure to air or by anodic polarization. The films were prepared by cosputtering from one magnesium target and one manganese, iron, or cobalt target. Both the dynamic optical switching range and the speed of the transition depend on the magnesium-transition metal ratio. Infrared spectra of films in the transparent, hydrided (deuterided) states support the presence of the intermetallic hydride phases Mg3MnH7, Mg2FeH6, and Mg2CoH5.

  16. Magnesium batteries: Current state of the art, issues and future perspectives.

    PubMed

    Mohtadi, Rana; Mizuno, Fuminori

    2014-01-01

    "...each metal has a certain power, which is different from metal to metal, of setting the electric fluid in motion..." Count Alessandro Volta. Inspired by the first rechargeable magnesium battery prototype at the dawn of the 21st century, several research groups have embarked on a quest to realize its full potential. Despite the technical accomplishments made thus far, challenges, on the material level, hamper the realization of a practical rechargeable magnesium battery. These are marked by the absence of practical cathodes, appropriate electrolytes and extremely sluggish reaction kinetics. Over the past few years, an increased interest in this technology has resulted in new promising materials and innovative approaches aiming to overcome the existing hurdles. Nonetheless, the current challenges call for further dedicated research efforts encompassing fundamental understanding of the core components and how they interact with each other to offering new innovative solutions. In this review, we seek to highlight the most recent developments made and offer our perspectives on how to overcome some of the remaining challenges.

  17. Magnesium batteries: Current state of the art, issues and future perspectives

    PubMed Central

    Mizuno, Fuminori

    2014-01-01

    Summary “...each metal has a certain power, which is different from metal to metal, of setting the electric fluid in motion...” Count Alessandro Volta. Inspired by the first rechargeable magnesium battery prototype at the dawn of the 21st century, several research groups have embarked on a quest to realize its full potential. Despite the technical accomplishments made thus far, challenges, on the material level, hamper the realization of a practical rechargeable magnesium battery. These are marked by the absence of practical cathodes, appropriate electrolytes and extremely sluggish reaction kinetics. Over the past few years, an increased interest in this technology has resulted in new promising materials and innovative approaches aiming to overcome the existing hurdles. Nonetheless, the current challenges call for further dedicated research efforts encompassing fundamental understanding of the core components and how they interact with each other to offering new innovative solutions. In this review, we seek to highlight the most recent developments made and offer our perspectives on how to overcome some of the remaining challenges. PMID:25247113

  18. Development of the Electromagnetic Continuous Casting Technology for of Magnesium Alloys

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Park, Joon-Pyo; Kim, Myoung-Gyun; Kim, Jong-Ho; Lee, Gyu-Chang

    Currently, magnesium billets produced by ingot casting or direct chill casting process, result in low-quality surfaces and low productivity, Continuous casting technology to solve these problem has not only high-quality surface billets with fine-grained and homogeneous microstructure but also cost down. The latent heat of fusion per weight (J/g) of magnesium is similar to other metals, however, considering the heat emitted to the mold surface during continuous casting in meniscus region and converting it to the latent heat of fusion per volume, magnesium will be rapidly solidified in the mold during continuous casting, which induces subsequent surface defect formation. In this study, electromagnetic casting and stirring (EMC and EMS) techniques are proposed to control solidification process conveniently by compensating the low latent heat of solidification by volume and to fabricate magnesium billet with high-quality surface. This technique was extended to large scale billets up to 300 mm diameter and continuous casting was successfully conducted. Then magnesium billet was used for the fabrication of prototype automobile pulley.

  19. Magnesium Technology and Manufacturing for Ultra Lightweight Armored Ground Vehicles

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-02-01

    different metals and equal areal densities. Metal Plate Thickness, in Plate Stiffness, E6 lb/in RHA (Steel Armor) 0.245 0.08 Ti- 6Al - 4V 0.434 0.28...metal at a density of 1.74 g/cm3 that is approximately 1/5, 2/5, and 2/3 the weight of iron, titanium , and aluminum, respectively (Emley, 1966...al iz ed D en si ty Figure 1. Normalized densities comparison of magnesium alloys with 4340 steel and titanium alloy. Both Elektron WE43 and

  20. Magnesium: Nutrition and Homoeostasis.

    PubMed

    Vormann, Jürgen

    2016-01-01

    The essential mineral magnesium is involved in numerous physiological processes. Recommended dietary intake is often not met and a low magnesium status increases the risk for various diseases. Magnesium status is regulated by several magnesium transport systems either in cellular or paracellular pathways. Numerous drugs either interfere with magnesium absorption in the intestines or the reabsorption from primary urine in the kidney. Low magnesium status has been identified as a significant risk factor for several diseases, including type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, arrhythmias, as well as general muscular and neurological problems. Therefore, an adequate magnesium supply would be of special benefit to our overall health.

  1. Magnesium and Carbon Dioxide - A Rocket Propellant for Mars Missions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Shafirovich, E. IA.; Shiriaev, A. A.; Goldshleger, U. I.

    1993-01-01

    A rocket engine for Mars missions is proposed that could utilize CO2 accumulated from the Martian atmosphere as an oxidizer. For use as possible fuel, various metals, their hydrides, and mixtures with hydrogen compounds are considered. Thermodynamic calculations show that beryllium fuels ensure the most impulse but poor inflammability of Be and high toxicity of its compounds put obstacles to their applications. Analysis of the engine performance for other metals together with the parameters of ignition and combustion show that magnesium seems to be the most promising fuel. Ballistic estimates imply that a hopper with the chemical rocket engine on Mg + CO2 propellant could be readily developed. This vehicle would be able to carry out 2-3 ballistic flights on Mars before the final ascent to orbit.

  2. Magnesium and anaesthesia.

    PubMed

    Soave, P M; Conti, G; Costa, R; Arcangeli, A

    2009-08-01

    to review current knowledge concerning the use of magnesium in anesthesiology, the role of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia in perioperative period, analyzing the cardiologic problems related to blood serum concentration changes of magnesium that can interesting in primis the anaesthesist in perioperative period. References were obtained from Pubmed (1995 to 2009). All categories of articles were selected, such as reviews, meta-analyses, s, clinical trials etc). Magnesium is a bivalent ion, like calcium, the fourth most common cation in the body, and the second most common intracellular cation after potassium. Magnesium deficiency has been demonstrated in 7-11% of the hospitalized patients and it has been found to coexist with other electrolyte disorders, particulary hypokalaemia or hypophosphatemia and, to a less extent, hyponatraemia and hypocalcaemia, in more than 40% of patients. Hypomagnesemia needs to be detected and corrected to prevent increased morbidity and mortality. Historically, magnesium sulphate has been proposed as a general anaesthetic. Magnesium reduces the catecholamine release during the stressful manouvres like intubation. Magnesium has also anti-nociceptive effects in animal and human models of pain by blocking the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and the associated ion channels and thus preventing central sensitization caused by peripheral nociceptive stimulation. So for some authors it reduces the need for intraoperative anesthetics and relaxant drugs and reduces the amount of morphine for the treatment of pospoperative pain. The use of magnesium is extended not only to general anaesthesia but also in loco-regional anaesthesia. The role of magnesium has been extensively studied in cardiology especially during myocardial infarction, arrhythmia and cardiac surgery. Recent studies show the important of magnesium to prevent the postoperative neurocognitive impairment during carotid endoarterectomy and its utility in treatment of severe asthma

  3. Magnesium in the gynecological practice: a literature review.

    PubMed

    Parazzini, Fabio; Di Martino, Mirella; Pellegrino, Paolo

    2017-02-01

    A growing amount of evidence suggests that magnesium deficiency may play an important role in several clinical conditions concerning women health such as premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea, and postmenopausal symptoms. A number of studies highlighted a positive correlation between magnesium administration and relief or prevention of these symptoms, thus suggesting that magnesium supplementation may represent a viable treatment for these conditions. Despite this amount of evidence describing the efficacy of magnesium, few and un-systematize data are available about the pharmacological mechanism of this ion for these conditions. Herein, we review and systematize the available evidence about the use of oral magnesium supplementation in several gynecological conditions and discuss the pharmacological mechanisms that characterize these interventions. The picture that emerges indicates that magnesium supplementation is effective in the prevention of dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, and menstrual migraine and in the prevention of climacteric symptoms.

  4. 48 CFR 819.7006 - Veteran-owned small business set-aside procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned and Veteran-Owned Small Business Acquisition Program 819.7006 Veteran-owned small business set-aside... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Veteran-owned small...

  5. 48 CFR 819.7006 - Veteran-owned small business set-aside procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned and Veteran-Owned Small Business Acquisition Program 819.7006 Veteran-owned small business set-aside... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Veteran-owned small...

  6. 48 CFR 819.7006 - Veteran-owned small business set-aside procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned and Veteran-Owned Small Business Acquisition Program 819.7006 Veteran-owned small business set-aside... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Veteran-owned small...

  7. 48 CFR 819.7006 - Veteran-owned small business set-aside procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned and Veteran-Owned Small Business Acquisition Program 819.7006 Veteran-owned small business set-aside... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Veteran-owned small...

  8. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Magnesium Based Coordination Networks in Different Solvents

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    D Banerjee; J Finkelstein; A Smirnov

    2011-12-31

    Three magnesium based metal-organic frameworks, Mg{sub 3}(3,5-PDC){sub 3}(DMF){sub 3} {center_dot} DMF [1], Mg(3,5-PDC)(H{sub 2}O) {center_dot} (H{sub 2}O) [3], and Mg{sub 4}(3,5-PDC){sub 4}(DMF){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2} {center_dot} 2DMF {center_dot} 4.5H{sub 2}O [4], and a 2-D coordination polymer, [Mg(3,5-PDC)(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}] [2] [PDC = pyridinedicarboxylate], were synthesized using a combination of DMF, methanol, ethanol, and water. Compound 1 [space group P2{sub 1}/n, a = 12.3475(5) {angstrom}, b = 11.1929(5) {angstrom}, c = 28.6734(12) {angstrom}, {beta} = 98.8160(10){sup o}, V = 3916.0(3) {angstrom}{sup 3}] consists of a combination of isolated and corner-sharing magnesium octahedra connected by the organic linkers to form a 3-Dmore » network with a 12.2 {angstrom} x 4.6 {angstrom} 1-D channel. The channel contains coordinated and free DMF molecules. In compound 2 [space group C2/c, a = 9.964(5) {angstrom}, b = 12.0694(6) {angstrom}, c = 7.2763(4) {angstrom}, {beta} = 106.4970(6){sup o}, V = 836.70(6) {angstrom}{sup 3}], PDC connects isolated seven coordinated magnesium polyhedra into a layered structure. Compound 3 [space group P6{sub 1}22, a = 11.479(1) {angstrom}, c = 14.735(3) {angstrom}, V = 1681.7(4) {angstrom}{sup 3}] (previously reported) contains isolated magnesium octahedra connected by the organic linker with each other forming a 3D network. Compound 4 [space group P2{sub 1}/c, a = 13.7442(14) {angstrom}, b = 14.2887(15) {angstrom}, c = 14.1178(14) {angstrom}, {beta} = 104.912(2){sup o}, V = 2679.2(5) {angstrom}{sup 3}] also exhibits a 3D network based on isolated magnesium octahedra with square cavities containing both disordered DMF and water molecules. The structural topologies originate due to the variable coordination ability of solvent molecules with the metal center. Water molecules coordinate with the magnesium metal centers preferably over other polar solvents (DMF, methanol, ethanol) used to synthesize the coordination networks

  9. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Magnesium Based Coordination Networks in Different Solvents

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Banerjee, Debasis; Finkelstein, Jeffrey; Smirnov, A.

    2015-10-15

    Three magnesium based metal-organic frameworks, Mg{sub 3}(3,5-PDC){sub 3}(DMF){sub 3} {center_dot} DMF [1], Mg(3,5-PDC)(H{sub 2}O) {center_dot} (H{sub 2}O) [3], and Mg4(3,5-PDC)4(DMF){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2} {center_dot} 2DMF {center_dot} 4.5H{sub 2}O [4], and a 2-D coordination polymer, [Mg(3,5-PDC)(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}] [2] [PDC = pyridinedicarboxylate], were synthesized using a combination of DMF, methanol, ethanol, and water. Compound 1 [space group P2{sub 1}/n, a = 12.3475(5) {angstrom}, b = 11.1929(5) {angstrom}, c = 28.6734(12) {angstrom}, {beta} = 98.8160(10){sup o}, V = 3916.0(3) {angstrom}{sup 3}] consists of a combination of isolated and corner-sharing magnesium octahedra connected by the organic linkers to form a 3-D network withmore » a 12.2 {angstrom} x 4.6 {angstrom} 1-D channel. The channel contains coordinated and free DMF molecules. In compound 2 [space group C2/c, a = 9.964(5) {angstrom}, b = 12.0694(6) {angstrom}, c = 7.2763(4) {angstrom}, {beta} = 106.4970(6){sup o}, V = 836.70(6) {angstrom}{sup 3}], PDC connects isolated seven coordinated magnesium polyhedra into a layered structure. Compound 3 [space group P6{sub 1}22, a = 11.479(1) {angstrom}, c = 14.735(3) {angstrom}, V = 1681.7(4) {angstrom}{sup 3}] (previously reported) contains isolated magnesium octahedra connected by the organic linker with each other forming a 3D network. Compound 4 [space group P2{sub 1}/c, a = 13.7442(14) {angstrom}, b = 14.2887(15) {angstrom}, c = 14.1178(14) {angstrom}, {beta} = 104.912(2){sup o}, V = 2679.2(5) {angstrom}{sup 3}] also exhibits a 3D network based on isolated magnesium octahedra with square cavities containing both disordered DMF and water molecules. The structural topologies originate due to the variable coordination ability of solvent molecules with the metal center. Water molecules coordinate with the magnesium metal centers preferably over other polar solvents (DMF, methanol, ethanol) used to synthesize the coordination networks. Despite testing

  10. Final design proposal: Delta Group-Nood Rider 821(tm)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Pastega, C. B.; Vahey, B. P.; Hoffman, K. W.; Doherty, M. C.; Fay, M. J.; Konesky, A. L.; Lilly, D. C.; Moody, D. J.

    1991-01-01

    The Nood Rider 821 (trademark) twin-engine, prop passenger aircraft is described. It is argued that the aircraft is very economical to operate and maintain, offering competitive advantages in the air travel marketplace. The aircraft was designed to operate in 'Aeroworld', a fictional world where the passengers are ping pong balls and the distances between cites are on the order of thousands of feet.

  11. Use of MgO doped with a divalent or trivalent metal cation for removing arsenic from water

    DOEpatents

    Moore, Robert C; Holt-Larese, Kathleen C; Bontchev, Ranko

    2013-08-13

    Systems and methods for use of magnesium hydroxide, either directly or through one or more precursors, doped with a divalent or trivalent metal cation, for removing arsenic from drinking water, including water distribution systems. In one embodiment, magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH).sub.2 (a strong adsorbent for arsenic) doped with a divalent or trivalent metal cation is used to adsorb arsenic. The complex consisting of arsenic adsorbed on Mg(OH).sub.2 doped with a divalent or trivalent metal cation is subsequently removed from the water by conventional means, including filtration, settling, skimming, vortexing, centrifugation, magnetic separation, or other well-known separation systems. In another embodiment, magnesium oxide, MgO, is employed, which reacts with water to form Mg(OH).sub.2. The resulting Mg(OH).sub.2 doped with a divalent or trivalent metal cation, then adsorbs arsenic, as set forth above. The method can also be used to treat human or animal poisoning with arsenic.

  12. Metal cation controls phosphate release in the myosin ATPase.

    PubMed

    Ge, Jinghua; Huang, Furong; Nesmelov, Yuri E

    2017-11-01

    Myosin is an enzyme that utilizes ATP to produce a conformational change generating a force. The kinetics of the myosin reverse recovery stroke depends on the metal cation complexed with ATP. The reverse recovery stroke is slow for MgATP and fast for MnATP. The metal ion coordinates the γ phosphate of ATP in the myosin active site. It is accepted that the reverse recovery stroke is correlated with the phosphate release; therefore, magnesium "holds" phosphate tighter than manganese. Magnesium and manganese are similar ions in terms of their chemical properties and the shell complexation; hence, we propose to use these ions to study the mechanism of the phosphate release. Analysis of octahedral complexes of magnesium and manganese show that the partial charge of magnesium is higher than that of manganese and the slightly larger size of manganese ion makes its ionic potential smaller. We hypothesize that electrostatics play a role in keeping and releasing the abstracted γ phosphate in the active site, and the stronger electric charge of magnesium ion holds γ phosphate tighter. We used stable myosin-nucleotide analog complex and Raman spectroscopy to examine the effect of the metal cation on the relative position of γ phosphate analog in the active site. We found that in the manganese complex, the γ phosphate analog is 0.01 nm further away from ADP than in the magnesium complex. We conclude that the ionic potential of the metal cation plays a role in the retention of the abstracted phosphate. © 2017 The Protein Society.

  13. Iron-magnesium alloy in the Earth's Core

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dubrovinskaia, N.; Dubrovinsky, L.; Abrikosov, I.

    2005-12-01

    Composition of the Earth's outer core is a geochemical parameter crucial for understanding the evolution and current dynamics of our planet. Since it was recognized that the liquid metallic outer core is about 10% less dense than pure iron, different elements lighter than iron, including Si, S, O, C, and H, were proposed as major or at least significantly abundant in Earth's core. However, combination of experimental results with theoretical and geochemical considerations shows that it is unlikely that any one of these elements can account for the density deficit on its own. In series of experiments in a multianvil apparatus and in electrically- and laser-heated diamond anvil cells, we demonstrate that high pressure promotes solubility of magnesium in iron and at megabar pressure range more than 10 at% of Mg can dissolve in Fe. At pressures above 95 to 100 GPa, molten iron reacts with periclase MgO forming an iron-magnesium alloy and iron oxide. Our observations suggest that magnesium can be an important light element in Earth's outer core, but it cannot account for the seismologically determined density deficit on its own.

  14. Magnesium status and the effect of magnesium supplementation in feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

    PubMed

    Freeman, L M; Brown, D J; Smith, F W; Rush, J E

    1997-07-01

    Magnesium deficiency has been associated with the development of cardiovascular disease in several species. Cats may be predisposed to alterations in magnesium status because of recent changes in the composition of commercial feline diets. The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the dietary history of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 2) to study magnesium status of cats with HCM compared to normal cats, and 3) to determine the effects of magnesium supplementation in cats with HCM. In part 1 of the study, diets of 65 cats with HCM were examined retrospectively. Forty of the 45 cats for which diets could be determined (89%) ate a diet designed to be magnesium-restricted and/or to produce an acidic urine. In part 2 of the study, 10 cats with HCM were compared to 10 healthy control cats for serum creatinine and magnesium; urine creatinine and magnesium, urine specific gravity and pH, and fractional excretion of magnesium. Urine creatinine and specific gravity were higher in control cats than in cats with HCM. No other differences were found between the 2 groups. In part 3, cats with HCM were supplemented with either 210 mg magnesium chloride (n = 15) or 210 mg lactose (n = 15) for 12 wk. No differences between the 2 groups were found for changes in either magnesium status or echocardiographic parameters. However, the 30 cats with HCM, as a group, did show significant improvements in measures of cardiac hypertrophy over the 12-week period. This was likely the result of treatment with other medications, rather than the magnesium supplementation. The results of this study suggest that cats with HCM are likely to be fed magnesium-restricted diets, but that they do not appear to have altered magnesium status compared to healthy controls.

  15. METAL PHTHALOCYANINES

    DOEpatents

    Frigerio, N.A.

    1962-03-27

    A process is given for preparing heavy metal phthalocyanines, sulfonated or not. The process comprises mixing an inorganic metal salt with dimethyl formamide or methyl sulfoxide; separating the metal complex formed from the solution; mixing the complex with an equimolar amount of sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, or beryllium sulfonated or unsulfonated phthalocyanine whereby heavy-metal phthalocyanine crystals are formed; and separating the crystals from the solution. Uranyl, thorium, lead, hafnium, and lanthanide rare earth phthalocyanines can be produced by the process. (AEC)

  16. Layered materials with improved magnesium intercalation for rechargeable magnesium ion cells

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Doe, Robert E.; Downie, Craig M.; Fischer, Christopher

    2016-01-19

    Electrochemical devices which incorporate cathode materials that include layered crystalline compounds for which a structural modification has been achieved which increases the diffusion rate of multi-valent ions into and out of the cathode materials. Examples in which the layer spacing of the layered electrode materials is modified to have a specific spacing range such that the spacing is optimal for diffusion of magnesium ions are presented. An electrochemical cell comprised of a positive intercalation electrode, a negative metal electrode, and a separator impregnated with a nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing multi-valent ions and arranged between the positive electrode and the negativemore » electrode active material is described.« less

  17. Layered materials with improved magnesium intercalation for rechargeable magnesium ion cells

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Doe, Robert Ellis; Downie, Craig Michael; Fischer, Christopher

    2016-07-26

    Electrochemical devices which incorporate cathode materials that include layered crystalline compounds for which a structural modification has been achieved which increases the diffusion rate of multi-valent ions into and out of the cathode materials. Examples in which the layer spacing of the layered electrode materials is modified to have a specific spacing range such that the spacing is optimal for diffusion of magnesium ions are presented. An electrochemical cell comprised of a positive intercalation electrode, a negative metal electrode, and a separator impregnated with a nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing multi-valent ions and arranged between the positive electrode and the negativemore » electrode active material is described.« less

  18. Low magnesium level

    MedlinePlus

    ... in the body that convert or use energy ( metabolism ). When the level of magnesium in the body drops below normal, symptoms of low magnesium may develop. Common causes of low magnesium include: Alcohol use Burns that affect a large area of ...

  19. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of intervertebral test spacers: an experimental comparison of magnesium versus titanium and carbon fiber reinforced polymers as biomaterials.

    PubMed

    Ernstberger, T; Buchhorn, G; Heidrich, G

    2010-03-01

    Intervertebral spacers are made of different materials, which can affect the postfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Susceptibility artifacts, especially for metallic implants, can decrease the image quality. This study aimed to determine whether magnesium as a lightweight and biocompatible metal is suitable as a biomaterial for spinal implants based on its MRI artifacting behavior. To compare artifacting behaviors, we implanted into one porcine cadaveric spine different test spacers made of magnesium, titanium, and CFRP. All test spacers were scanned using two T1-TSE MRI sequences. The artifact dimensions were traced on all scans and statistically analyzed. The total artifact volume and median artifact area of the titanium spacers were statistically significantly larger than magnesium spacers (P < 0.001), while magnesium and CFRP spacers produced almost identical artifacting behaviors (P > 0.05). Our results suggest that spinal implants made with magnesium alloys will behave more like CFRP devices in MRI scans.

  20. Magnesium, Iron and Aluminum in LLNL Air Particulate and Rain Samples with Reference to Magnesium in Industrial Storm Water

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Esser, Bradley K.; Bibby, Richard K.; Fish, Craig

    Storm water runoff from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s (LLNL’s) main site and Site 300 periodically exceeds the Discharge Permit Numeric Action Level (NAL) for Magnesium (Mg) under the Industrial General Permit (IGP) Order No. 2014-0057-DWQ. Of particular interest is the source of magnesium in storm water runoff from the site. This special study compares new metals data from air particulate and precipitation samples from the LLNL main site and Site 300 to previous metals data for storm water from the main site and Site 300 and alluvial sediment from the main site to investigate the potential source of elevatedmore » Mg in storm water runoff. Data for three metals (Mg, Iron {Fe}, and Aluminum {Al}) were available from all media; data for additional metals, such as Europium (Eu), were available from rain, air particulates, and alluvial sediment. To attribute source, this study compared metals concentration data (for Mg, Al, and Fe) in storm water and rain; metal-metal correlations (Mg with Fe, Mg with Al, Al with Fe, Mg with Eu, Eu with Fe, and Eu with Al) in storm water, rain, air particulates, and sediments; and metal-metal ratios ((Mg/Fe, Mg/Al, Al/Fe, Mg/Eu, Eu/Fe, and Eu/Al) in storm water, rain, air particulates and sediments. The results presented in this study are consistent with a simple conceptual model where the source of Mg in storm water runoff is air particulate matter that has dry-deposited on impervious surfaces and subsequently entrained in runoff during precipitation events. Such a conceptual model is consistent with 1) higher concentrations of metals in storm water runoff than in precipitation, 2) the strong correlation of Mg with Aluminum (Al) and Iron (Fe) in both storm water and air particulates, and 3) the similarity in metal mass ratios between storm water and air particulates in contrast to the dissimilarity of metal mass ratios between storm water and precipitation or alluvial sediment. The strong correlation of Mg with