Sample records for abstract background approximately
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Why We Need a Structured Abstract in Education Research
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Mosteller, Frederick; Nave, Bill; Miech, Edward J.
2004-01-01
Background: Approximately 1,100 education journals collectively publish more than 20,000 education research articles each year. Under current practice, no systematic way exists to move the research findings from these studies into the hands of the millions of education practitioners and policymakers in the United States who might use them.…
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The Social Background of Students and Their Prospect for Success at School.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Phillipines National Commission for UNESCO.
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a report prepared in answer to an IBE questionnaire. In the Philippines, the main problem is that widespread poverty is responsible for many undernourshed, poorly sheltered and ill clad students whose prospect of success at school is from the start seriously hampered by…
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Na Putu Od Drazvne Do Samoupravne Skole (On the Road from State to Self-Governing School).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Podgorski, Ivica
1971-01-01
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1500 words) of an article by a Croatian discussing certain reforms in educational administration in the Socialist Republic of Croatia. The author starts by discussing education against the background of the new Yugoslav social and economic order. To comply with these trends, he insists…
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The Social Background of Students and Their Prospect of Success at School.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kaniel, Soshana
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a report prepared by a research worker in reply to an IBE questionnaire on the subject. The goal of Israeli education policy has been to raise the educational level of the more backward immigrants to Israel who form a large culturally deprived group, while maintaining an…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
1971
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a French report in response to an IBE questionnaire. Studies conducted by the Ministry of Information have revealed that particularly serious educational wastage has been taking place on both the elementary and secondary levels, and the French education system is not well…
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A Shallow Underground Laboratory for Low-Background Radiation Measurements and Materials Development
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Aalseth, Craig E.; Bonicalzi, Ricco; Cantaloub, Michael G.
Abstract: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory recently commissioned a new shallow underground laboratory, located at a depth of approximately 30 meters water-equivalent. This new addition to the small class of radiation measurement laboratories located at modest underground depths worldwide houses the latest generation of custom-made, high-efficiency, low-background gamma-ray spectrometers and gas proportional counters. This manuscript describes the unique capabilities present in the shallow underground laboratory; these include large-scale ultra-pure materials production and a suite of radiation detection systems. Reported data characterize the degree of background reduction achieved through a combination of underground location, graded shielding, and rejection of cosmic-ray events. Wemore » conclude by presenting measurement targets and future opportunities.« less
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Lithium in the Natural Waters of the South East of Ireland
Kavanagh, Laurence; Keohane, Jerome; Cleary, John; Garcia Cabellos, Guiomar; Lloyd, Andrew
2017-01-01
The South East of Ireland (County Carlow) contains a deposit of the valuable lithium-bearing mineral spodumene (LiAl(SiO3)2). This resource has recently attracted interest and abstractive mining in the area is a possibility for the future. The open cast mining of this resource could represent a potential hazard in the form of metalliferous pollution to local water. The population of County Carlow is just under 60,000. The local authority reports that approximately 75.7% of the population’s publicly supplied drinking water is abstracted from surface water and 11.6% from groundwater. In total, 12.7% of the population abstract their water from private groundwater wells. Any potential entry of extraneous metals into the area’s natural waters will have implications for people in county Carlow. It is the goal of this paper to establish background concentrations of lithium and other metals in the natural waters prior to any mining activity. Our sampling protocol totaled 115 sites along five sampling transects, sampled through 2015. From this dataset, we report a background concentration of dissolved lithium in the natural waters of County Carlow, surface water at x¯ = 0.02, SD = 0.02 ranging from 0 to 0.091 mg/L and groundwater at x¯ = 0.023, SD = 0.02 mg/L ranging from 0 to 0.097 mg/L. PMID:28587126
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Lithium in the Natural Waters of the South East of Ireland.
Kavanagh, Laurence; Keohane, Jerome; Cleary, John; Garcia Cabellos, Guiomar; Lloyd, Andrew
2017-05-26
The South East of Ireland (County Carlow) contains a deposit of the valuable lithium-bearing mineral spodumene (LiAl(SiO₃)₂). This resource has recently attracted interest and abstractive mining in the area is a possibility for the future. The open cast mining of this resource could represent a potential hazard in the form of metalliferous pollution to local water. The population of County Carlow is just under 60,000. The local authority reports that approximately 75.7% of the population's publicly supplied drinking water is abstracted from surface water and 11.6% from groundwater. In total, 12.7% of the population abstract their water from private groundwater wells. Any potential entry of extraneous metals into the area's natural waters will have implications for people in county Carlow. It is the goal of this paper to establish background concentrations of lithium and other metals in the natural waters prior to any mining activity. Our sampling protocol totaled 115 sites along five sampling transects, sampled through 2015. From this dataset, we report a background concentration of dissolved lithium in the natural waters of County Carlow, surface water at x ¯ = 0.02, SD = 0.02 ranging from 0 to 0.091 mg/L and groundwater at x ¯ = 0.023, SD = 0.02 mg/L ranging from 0 to 0.097 mg/L.
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Devine, Emily Beth; Capurro, Daniel; van Eaton, Erik; Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael; Devlin, Allison; Yanez, N. David; Yetisgen-Yildiz, Meliha; Flum, David R.; Tarczy-Hornoch, Peter
2013-01-01
Background: The field of clinical research informatics includes creation of clinical data repositories (CDRs) used to conduct quality improvement (QI) activities and comparative effectiveness research (CER). Ideally, CDR data are accurately and directly abstracted from disparate electronic health records (EHRs), across diverse health-systems. Objective: Investigators from Washington State’s Surgical Care Outcomes and Assessment Program (SCOAP) Comparative Effectiveness Research Translation Network (CERTAIN) are creating such a CDR. This manuscript describes the automation and validation methods used to create this digital infrastructure. Methods: SCOAP is a QI benchmarking initiative. Data are manually abstracted from EHRs and entered into a data management system. CERTAIN investigators are now deploying Caradigm’s Amalga™ tool to facilitate automated abstraction of data from multiple, disparate EHRs. Concordance is calculated to compare data automatically to manually abstracted. Performance measures are calculated between Amalga and each parent EHR. Validation takes place in repeated loops, with improvements made over time. When automated abstraction reaches the current benchmark for abstraction accuracy - 95% - itwill ‘go-live’ at each site. Progress to Date: A technical analysis was completed at 14 sites. Five sites are contributing; the remaining sites prioritized meeting Meaningful Use criteria. Participating sites are contributing 15–18 unique data feeds, totaling 13 surgical registry use cases. Common feeds are registration, laboratory, transcription/dictation, radiology, and medications. Approximately 50% of 1,320 designated data elements are being automatically abstracted—25% from structured data; 25% from text mining. Conclusion: In semi-automating data abstraction and conducting a rigorous validation, CERTAIN investigators will semi-automate data collection to conduct QI and CER, while advancing the Learning Healthcare System. PMID:25848565
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Berg, A O; Melle, I; Zuber, V; Simonsen, C; Nerhus, M; Ueland, T; Andreassen, O A; Sundet, K; Vaskinn, A
2017-01-01
Abstract thinking is important in modern understanding of neurocognitive abilities, and a symptom of thought disorder in psychosis. In patients with psychosis, we assessed if socio-developmental background influences abstract thinking, and the association with executive functioning and clinical psychosis symptoms. Participants (n = 174) had a diagnosis of psychotic or bipolar disorder, were 17-65 years, intelligence quotient (IQ) > 70, fluent in a Scandinavian language, and their full primary education in Norway. Immigrants (N = 58) were matched (1:2) with participants without a history of migration (N = 116). All participants completed a neurocognitive and clinical assessment. Socio-developmental background was operationalised as human developmental index (HDI) of country of birth, at year of birth. Structural equation modelling was used to assess the model with best fit. The model with best fit, χ 2 = 96.591, df = 33, p < .001, confirmed a significant indirect effect of HDI scores on abstract thinking through executive functioning, but not through clinical psychosis symptoms. This study found that socio-developmental background influences abstract thinking in psychosis by indirect effect through executive functioning. We should take into account socio-developmental background in the interpretation of neurocognitive performance in patients with psychosis, and prioritise cognitive remediation in treatment of immigrant patients.
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Finite dimensional approximation of a class of constrained nonlinear optimal control problems
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Gunzburger, Max D.; Hou, L. S.
1994-01-01
An abstract framework for the analysis and approximation of a class of nonlinear optimal control and optimization problems is constructed. Nonlinearities occur in both the objective functional and in the constraints. The framework includes an abstract nonlinear optimization problem posed on infinite dimensional spaces, and approximate problem posed on finite dimensional spaces, together with a number of hypotheses concerning the two problems. The framework is used to show that optimal solutions exist, to show that Lagrange multipliers may be used to enforce the constraints, to derive an optimality system from which optimal states and controls may be deduced, and to derive existence results and error estimates for solutions of the approximate problem. The abstract framework and the results derived from that framework are then applied to three concrete control or optimization problems and their approximation by finite element methods. The first involves the von Karman plate equations of nonlinear elasticity, the second, the Ginzburg-Landau equations of superconductivity, and the third, the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible, viscous flows.
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Nonsymbolic, Approximate Arithmetic in Children: Abstract Addition Prior to Instruction
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Barth, Hilary; Beckmann, Lacey; Spelke, Elizabeth S.
2008-01-01
Do children draw upon abstract representations of number when they perform approximate arithmetic operations? In this study, kindergarten children viewed animations suggesting addition of a sequence of sounds to an array of dots, and they compared the sum to a second dot array that differed from the sum by 1 of 3 ratios. Children performed this…
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Cooperative Educational Abstracting Service (CEAS). (Abstract Series No. 103-122, March 1972).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
International Bureau of Education, Geneva (Switzerland).
This document is a compilation of 20 English-language abstracts concerning various aspects of education in Switzerland, New Zealand, Chile, Poland, Argentina, Pakistan, Malaysia, Thailand, and France. The abstracts are informative in nature, each being approximately 1,500 words in length. They are based on documents submitted by each of the…
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Co-operative Educational Abstracting Service (CEAS). [Abstract Series No. 1-4, 1969-1971].
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
International Bureau of Education, Geneva (Switzerland).
This document is a compilation of 163 English-language abstracts concerning various aspects of education in Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, France, Hungary, Iceland, India, Israel, Japan, Mexico, Nigeria, Philippines, Thailand, UAR, U.S., USSR, and Yugoslavia. The abstracts are informative in nature and are approximately 1,500 words…
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An approximation theory for the identification of linear thermoelastic systems
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rosen, I. G.; Su, Chien-Hua Frank
1990-01-01
An abstract approximation framework and convergence theory for the identification of thermoelastic systems is developed. Starting from an abstract operator formulation consisting of a coupled second order hyperbolic equation of elasticity and first order parabolic equation for heat conduction, well-posedness is established using linear semigroup theory in Hilbert space, and a class of parameter estimation problems is then defined involving mild solutions. The approximation framework is based upon generic Galerkin approximation of the mild solutions, and convergence of solutions of the resulting sequence of approximating finite dimensional parameter identification problems to a solution of the original infinite dimensional inverse problem is established using approximation results for operator semigroups. An example involving the basic equations of one dimensional linear thermoelasticity and a linear spline based scheme are discussed. Numerical results indicate how the approach might be used in a study of damping mechanisms in flexible structures.
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Refining a taxonomy for guideline implementation: results of an exercise in abstract classification
2013-01-01
Background To better understand the efficacy of various implementation strategies, improved methods for describing and classifying the nature of these strategies are urgently required. The aim of this study was to develop and pilot the feasibility of a taxonomy to classify the nature and content of implementation strategies. Methods A draft implementation taxonomy was developed based on the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) data collection checklist. The draft taxonomy had four domains (professional, financial, organisational and regulatory) covering 49 distinct strategies. We piloted the draft taxonomy by using it to classify the implementation strategies described in the conference abstracts of the implementation stream of the 2010 Guideline International Network Conference. Five authors classified the strategies in each abstract individually. Final categorisation was then carried out in a face-to-face consensus meeting involving three authors. Results The implementation strategies described in 71 conference abstracts were classified. Approximately 15.5% of abstracts utilised strategies that could not be categorised using the draft taxonomy. Of those strategies that could be categorised, the majority were professionally focused (57%). A total of 41% of projects used only one implementation strategy, with 29% using two and 31% three or more. The three most commonly used strategies were changes in quality assurance, quality improvement and/or performance measurement systems, changes in information and communication technology, and distribution of guideline materials (via hard-copy, audio-visual and/or electronic means). Conclusions Further refinement of the draft taxonomy is required to provide hierarchical dimensions and granularity, particularly in the areas of patient-focused interventions, those concerned with audit and feedback and quality improvement, and electronic forms of implementation, including electronic decision support. PMID:23497520
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Metal dispersion and transportational activities using food crops as biomonitors.
Ward, N I; Savage, J M
1994-05-23
The multielement (Al, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, and Zn) levels of various common vegetables (bean, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, marrow, onion, parsnip, spinach, sprouts, sweet corn, and tomato); fruits (grape and strawberry); herbs (garlic, lemon balm, marjoram, mint, rosemary and tarragon); local pasture species and surface soils collected from a commercial garden centre located within a distance of 30 m of the London Orbital Motorway (M25) is presented. Comparative values are given from a background area, namely a domestic garden located in the North Yorkshire Dales National Park area. Analysis was undertaken by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma-source mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with quality control assessment using four international biological reference materials; BCR:CRM 62 Olive Leaves, NIST 1575 Pine Needles, NIST 1573 Tomato Leaves, and NIST 1572 Citrus Leaves. Inter-analytical method comparison is given using two methods of ICP-MS; namely conventional pneumatic nebulisation of sample solution, and direct solids analysis by laser ablation; and neutron activation analysis methods (NAA). For the elements listed there is a good precision obtained by ICP-MS and NAA. In particular levels of < +/- 1-10% (rsd) are obtained. Comparison of data with certified values and other analytical methods are generally of very good agreement. Lead levels in background areas ranged from 0.0008 to 0.340 microgram/g (fresh weight) for plant material; with the lead magnitude greater for grasses > herbs > vegetables > cereals > fruits. Measured values are in good agreement with reported literature values. The lowest Pb values are for marrow, lettuce, tomato and sweet corn samples (approximately 0.001-0.021 microgram/g). 'Green' leaf material levels were approximately 0.02-0.10 microgram/g (i.e. sprouts and cabbage). Root vegetables contain higher levels, approximately 0.02-0.125 microgram/g (especially carrot), reflecting possible metal uptake from soil. The highest vegetable Pb values are for leek and onion (approximately 0.35 microgram/g). Background values are also provided for nineteen elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Br, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, V, and Zn). Exposure to motor vehicle activities at a site some 30 m from the M25 shows only significant increases in Pb for unwashed plant material and surface soils. Typically Pb levels of 40-80% can be removed by washing plant surfaces resulting in metal levels similar to background areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rosen, I. G.
1988-01-01
An abstract approximation and convergence theory for the closed-loop solution of discrete-time linear-quadratic regulator problems for parabolic systems with unbounded input is developed. Under relatively mild stabilizability and detectability assumptions, functional analytic, operator techniques are used to demonstrate the norm convergence of Galerkin-based approximations to the optimal feedback control gains. The application of the general theory to a class of abstract boundary control systems is considered. Two examples, one involving the Neumann boundary control of a one-dimensional heat equation, and the other, the vibration control of a cantilevered viscoelastic beam via shear input at the free end, are discussed.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Council for Exceptional Children, Reston, VA. Information Center on Exceptional Children.
The selected bibliography of research on aurally handicapped children contains approximately 95 abstracts with indexing information explained to be drawn from the computer file of abstracts representing the Council for Exceptional Children Information Center's complete holdings as of August, 1972. Abstracts are said to be chosen using the criteria…
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Abstracts Produced Using Computer Assistance.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Craven, Timothy C.
2000-01-01
Describes an experiment that evaluated features of TEXNET abstracting software, compared the use of keywords and phrases that were automatically extracted, tested hypotheses about relations between abstractors' backgrounds and their reactions to abstracting assistance software, and obtained ideas for further features to be developed in TEXNET.…
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Hydrogen energy: A bibliography with abstracts. Cumulative volume, 1953 - 1973
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Cox, K. E.
1974-01-01
A bibliography on hydrogen as an energy source is presented. Approximately 8,000 documents are abstracted covering the period 1953 through 1973. Topics covered include: production, utilization, transmission, distribution, storage, and safety.
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Students' Abstraction in Recognizing, Building with and Constructing a Quadrilateral
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Budiarto, Mega Teguh; Rahaju, Endah Budi; Hartono, Sugi
2017-01-01
This study aims to implement empirically students' abstraction with socio-cultural background of Indonesia. Abstraction is an activity that involves a vertical reorganization of previously constructed mathematics into a new mathematical structure. The principal components of the model are three dynamic nested epistemic actions: recognizing,…
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Tilton, James C.; Cook, Diane J.
2008-01-01
Under a project recently selected for funding by NASA's Science Mission Directorate under the Applied Information Systems Research (AISR) program, Tilton and Cook will design and implement the integration of the Subdue graph based knowledge discovery system, developed at the University of Texas Arlington and Washington State University, with image segmentation hierarchies produced by the RHSEG software, developed at NASA GSFC, and perform pilot demonstration studies of data analysis, mining and knowledge discovery on NASA data. Subdue represents a method for discovering substructures in structural databases. Subdue is devised for general-purpose automated discovery, concept learning, and hierarchical clustering, with or without domain knowledge. Subdue was developed by Cook and her colleague, Lawrence B. Holder. For Subdue to be effective in finding patterns in imagery data, the data must be abstracted up from the pixel domain. An appropriate abstraction of imagery data is a segmentation hierarchy: a set of several segmentations of the same image at different levels of detail in which the segmentations at coarser levels of detail can be produced from simple merges of regions at finer levels of detail. The RHSEG program, a recursive approximation to a Hierarchical Segmentation approach (HSEG), can produce segmentation hierarchies quickly and effectively for a wide variety of images. RHSEG and HSEG were developed at NASA GSFC by Tilton. In this presentation we provide background on the RHSEG and Subdue technologies and present a preliminary analysis on how RHSEG and Subdue may be combined to enhance image data analysis, mining and knowledge discovery.
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On Hilbert-Schmidt norm convergence of Galerkin approximation for operator Riccati equations
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rosen, I. G.
1988-01-01
An abstract approximation framework for the solution of operator algebraic Riccati equations is developed. The approach taken is based on a formulation of the Riccati equation as an abstract nonlinear operator equation on the space of Hilbert-Schmidt operators. Hilbert-Schmidt norm convergence of solutions to generic finite dimensional Galerkin approximations to the Riccati equation to the solution of the original infinite dimensional problem is argued. The application of the general theory is illustrated via an operator Riccati equation arising in the linear-quadratic design of an optimal feedback control law for a 1-D heat/diffusion equation. Numerical results demonstrating the convergence of the associated Hilbert-Schmidt kernels are included.
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The Use of Gamma-H2AX as a Biodosimeter for Total-Body Radiation Exposure in Non-Human Primates
2010-11-23
Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America Abstract Background: There is a crucial shortage of methods capable of determining the...Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT Background: There is a crucial shortage of methods capable of... Veterinarian , Dr. Jennifer Mitchell, and her colleagues in AFRRI’s Veterinary Science Department, radiation exposure and dosimetry support from AFRRI’s
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National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Prevention of Pediatric Overuse Injuries
Valovich McLeod, Tamara C.; Decoster, Laura C.; Loud, Keith J.; Micheli, Lyle J.; Parker, J. Terry; Sandrey, Michelle A.; White, Christopher
2011-01-01
Abstract Objective: To provide certified athletic trainers, physicians, and other health care professionals with recommendations on best practices for the prevention of overuse sports injuries in pediatric athletes (aged 6–18 years). Background: Participation in sports by the pediatric population has grown tremendously over the years. Although the health benefits of participation in competitive and recreational athletic events are numerous, one adverse consequence is sport-related injury. Overuse or repetitive trauma injuries represent approximately 50% of all pediatric sport-related injuries. It is speculated that more than half of these injuries may be preventable with simple approaches. Recommendations: Recommendations are provided based on current evidence regarding pediatric injury surveillance, identification of risk factors for injury, preparticipation physical examinations, proper supervision and education (coaching and medical), sport alterations, training and conditioning programs, and delayed specialization. PMID:21391806
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Paper and Symposia Abstracts, 1972 Annual Meeting.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cunningham, Donald J., Ed.
This compendium contains abstracts of approximately 700 papers which are classified under administration, curriculum and objectives, instruction and learning, measurement and research methodology, counseling and human development, history and historiography, social context of education, school evaluation and program development, or special…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 36, Number 11.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 2001
2001-01-01
"Resources in Education" (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, parents, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1000 documents and provides…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 36, Number 12.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 2001
2001-01-01
"Resources in Education" (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community, including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, parents, etc. Each issue announces approximately 1000 documents and provides…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 36, Number 10.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 2001
2001-01-01
"Resources in Education" (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, parents, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1000 documents and provides…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 36, Number 7.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 2001
2001-01-01
"Resources in Education" (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, parents, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1000 documents and provides…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 36, Number 2.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 2001
2001-01-01
"Resources in Education" (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, parents, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1000 documents and provides…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 36, Number 5.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 2001
2001-01-01
"Resources in Education" (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, parents, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1000 documents and provides…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 36, Number 3.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 2001
2001-01-01
"Resources in Education" (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, parents, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1000 documents and provides…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 36, Number 9.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 2001
2001-01-01
"Resources in Education" (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, parents, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1000 documents and provides…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 36, Number 8.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 2001
2001-01-01
"Resources in Education" (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, parents, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1000 documents and provides…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 36, Number 4.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 2001
2001-01-01
"Resources in Education" (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, parents, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1000 documents and provides…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 36, Number 1.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 2001
2001-01-01
"Resources in Education" (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, parents, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1000 documents and provides…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 36, Number 6.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 2001
2001-01-01
"Resources in Education" (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, parents, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1000 documents and provides…
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Casadei, D.
2014-10-01
The objective Bayesian treatment of a model representing two independent Poisson processes, labelled as ``signal'' and ``background'' and both contributing additively to the total number of counted events, is considered. It is shown that the reference prior for the parameter of interest (the signal intensity) can be well approximated by the widely (ab)used flat prior only when the expected background is very high. On the other hand, a very simple approximation (the limiting form of the reference prior for perfect prior background knowledge) can be safely used over a large portion of the background parameters space. The resulting approximate reference posterior is a Gamma density whose parameters are related to the observed counts. This limiting form is simpler than the result obtained with a flat prior, with the additional advantage of representing a much closer approximation to the reference posterior in all cases. Hence such limiting prior should be considered a better default or conventional prior than the uniform prior. On the computing side, it is shown that a 2-parameter fitting function is able to reproduce extremely well the reference prior for any background prior. Thus, it can be useful in applications requiring the evaluation of the reference prior for a very large number of times.
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Computation and visualization of geometric partial differential equations
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tiee, Christopher L.
The chief goal of this work is to explore a modern framework for the study and approximation of partial differential equations, recast common partial differential equations into this framework, and prove theorems about such equations and their approximations. A central motivation is to recognize and respect the essential geometric nature of such problems, and take it into consideration when approximating. The hope is that this process will lead to the discovery of more refined algorithms and processes and apply them to new problems. In the first part, we introduce our quantities of interest and reformulate traditional boundary value problems in the modern framework. We see how Hilbert complexes capture and abstract the most important properties of such boundary value problems, leading to generalizations of important classical results such as the Hodge decomposition theorem. They also provide the proper setting for numerical approximations. We also provide an abstract framework for evolution problems in these spaces: Bochner spaces. We next turn to approximation. We build layers of abstraction, progressing from functions, to differential forms, and finally, to Hilbert complexes. We explore finite element exterior calculus (FEEC), which allows us to approximate solutions involving differential forms, and analyze the approximation error. In the second part, we prove our central results. We first prove an extension of current error estimates for the elliptic problem in Hilbert complexes. This extension handles solutions with nonzero harmonic part. Next, we consider evolution problems in Hilbert complexes and prove abstract error estimates. We apply these estimates to the problem for Riemannian hypersurfaces in R. {n+1},generalizing current results for open subsets of R. {n}. Finally, we applysome of the concepts to a nonlinear problem, the Ricci flow on surfaces, and use tools from nonlinear analysis to help develop and analyze the equations. In the appendices, we detail some additional motivation and a source for further examples: canonical geometries that are realized as steady-state solutions to parabolic equations similar to that of Ricci flow. An eventual goal is to compute such solutions using the methods of the previous chapters.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Budiarto, Mega Teguh; Khabibah, Siti; Setianingsih, Rini
2017-01-01
The purpose of this study was to examine the abstraction thinking or the vertical reorganization activity of mathematical concepts of high school students while taking account of the abstraction that was constructed earlier, and the socio-cultural background. This study was qualitative in nature with task-based interviews as the method of…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 27, Number 10.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1992
1992-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 27, Number 8.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1992
1992-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 27, Number 6.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
ERIC Processing and Reference Facility, Rockville, MD.
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 27, Number 9.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1992
1992-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 28, Number 8.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1993
1993-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
-
Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 28, Number 5.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1993
1993-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 26, Number 2.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1991
1991-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 27, Number 12.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1992
1992-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 27, Number 1.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
ERIC Processing and Reference Facility, Rockville, MD.
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 28, Number 7.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1993
1993-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 28, Number 11.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1993
1993-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 27, Number 3.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
ERIC Processing and Reference Facility, Rockville, MD.
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 25, Number 3.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1990
1990-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 26, Number 9.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
ERIC Processing and Reference Facility, Rockville, MD.
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 26, Number 10.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
ERIC Processing and Reference Facility, Rockville, MD.
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 25, Number 1.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1990
1990-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 28, Number 2.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1993
1993-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 25, Number 4.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1990
1990-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 27, Number 2.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
ERIC Processing and Reference Facility, Rockville, MD.
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 27, Number 7.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1992
1992-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 29, Number 1.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1994
1994-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 26, Number 6.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1991
1991-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 26, Number 7.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
ERIC Processing and Reference Facility, Rockville, MD.
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 25, Number 9.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1990
1990-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
-
Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 27, Number 5.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
ERIC Processing and Reference Facility, Rockville, MD.
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
-
Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 28, Number 3.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1993
1993-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 24, Number 12.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1989
1989-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 28, Number 12.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1993
1993-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 25, Number 10.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1990
1990-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 27, Number 11.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1992
1992-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 28, Number 1.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1993
1993-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 25, Number 5.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1990
1990-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 28, Number 10.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1993
1993-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 24, Number 10.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1989
1989-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 29, Number 2.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1994
1994-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 28, Number 9.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1993
1993-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 28, Number 4.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1993
1993-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 25, Number 7.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1990
1990-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 25, Number 6.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1990
1990-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 26, Number 4.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1991
1991-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
-
Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 27, Number 4.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
ERIC Processing and Reference Facility, Rockville, MD.
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
-
Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 24, Number 11.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1989
1989-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
-
Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 26, Number 8.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
ERIC Processing and Reference Facility, Rockville, MD.
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 26, Number 3.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1991
1991-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
-
Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 28, Number 6.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1993
1993-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 25, Number 2.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1990
1990-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
-
Resources in Education (RIE). Volume 25, Number 8.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Resources in Education, 1990
1990-01-01
Resources in Education (RIE) is a monthly abstract journal that announces (catalogs, indexes, abstracts) documents of interest to the educational community (including researchers, teachers, students, school board members, school administrators, counselors, etc.). Each issue announces approximately 1,100 documents and provides indexes by Subject,…
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Selected Mental Health Audiovisuals.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
National Inst. of Mental Health (DHEW), Rockville, MD.
Presented are approximately 2,300 abstracts on audio-visual Materials--films, filmstrips, audiotapes, and videotapes--related to mental health. Each citation includes material title; name, address, and phone number of film distributor; rental and purchase prices; technical information; and a description of the contents. Abstracts are listed in…
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FINITE VOLUME ELEMENT APPROXIMATIONS OF NONLOCAL REACTIVE FLOWS IN POROUS MEDIA. (R825207)
The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Concl...
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APPROXIMATION AND INVERSION OF A COMPLEX METEOROLOGICAL SYSTEM VIA LOCAL LINEAR FILTERS. (R825381)
The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Concl...
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Madaline, Theresa; Munjal, Iona; Bhar, Shubha; Guo, Yi; Seo, Susan K.; Porrovecchio, Andrea; Gancher, Elizabeth; Nosanchuk, Joshua; Pirofski, Liise-anne; Ostrowsky, Belinda
2017-01-01
Abstract Background. To impart principles of antimicrobial stewardship (AS) and infection prevention and control (IPC), we developed a curriculum tailored to the diverse aptitudes of learners at our medical center. Methods. We integrated case-based modules, group learning activities, smartphone applications (apps), decision support tools, and prescription audit and feedback into curricula of the medical school, medicine residency program, infectious diseases (ID) fellowship program, and hospital medicine program operations. Interventions were implemented in 2012–2016 using a quasi-experimental before-and-after study design, and this was assessed using pre- and postintervention surveys or audit of antibiotic prescriptions. Results. Over 180 medical students participated in the AS and IPC seminars. After smartphone app introduction, 69% reported using the app as their preferred source of antibiotic information. Approximately 70% of students felt comfortable prescribing antibiotics for a known infection compared with 40% at baseline (P = .02), and approximately 83% were able to identify the appropriate personal protective equipment for specific scenarios. Approximately 99% agreed that they have a role in promoting patient safety and preventing healthcare-associated infections as medical students. At 20 months, appropriateness of trainee antibiotic prescriptions increased by 20% (P < .01). Almost all ID fellows indicated that the AS and IPC seminar was a vital training supplement. Uptake of internist antibiotic recommendations using AS decision support tools was approximately 70%. Conclusions. All 5 interventions addressed learning objectives and knowledge gaps and are applicable across a range of environments. Evaluating long-term impact of our curriculum is the focus of future study. PMID:28748196
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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Concl...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-02-22
... Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Background Checks for Contractor Employees (Renewal) AGENCY... the electronic docket, go to www.regulations.gov . Title: Background Checks for Contractor Employees... consolidated in 40 CFR part 9. Abstract: The EPA uses contractors to perform services throughout the nation...
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Allee, Brian J.
1997-06-26
Abstracts are presented from the 1997 Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Program Review of Projects. The purpose was to provide information and education on the approximate 127 million dollars in Northwest electric ratepayer fish and wildlife mitigation projects funded annually.
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A Guided Reinvention of Ring, Integral Domain, and Field
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cook, John Paul
2012-01-01
Abstract algebra enjoys a prestigious position in mathematics and the undergraduate mathematics curriculum. A typical abstract algebra course aims to provide students with a glimpse into the elegance of mathematics by exposing them to structures that form its foundation--it arguably approximates the actual practice of mathematics better than any…
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Job Strain and Cognitive Decline: A Prospective Study of the Framingham Offspring Cohort
Agbenyikey, W; Karasek, R; Cifuentes, M; Wolf, PA; Seshadri, S; Taylor, JA; Beiser, AS; Au, R
2017-01-01
Background Workplace stress is known to be related with many behavioral and disease outcomes. However, little is known about its prospective relationship with measures of cognitive decline. Objective To investigate the association of job strain, psychological demands and job control on cognitive decline. Methods Participants from Framingham Offspring cohort (n=1429), were assessed on job strain, and received neuropsychological assessment approximately 15 years and 21 years afterwards. Results High job strain and low control were associated with decline in verbal learning and memory. Job strain was associated with decline in word recognition skills. Active job and passive job predicted decline in verbal learning and memory relative to low strain jobs in the younger subgroup. Active job and demands were positively associated with abstract reasoning skills. Conclusions Job strain and job control may infuence decline in cognitive performance. PMID:25890602
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A DEIM Induced CUR Factorization
2015-09-18
CUR approximate matrix factorization based on the Discrete Empirical Interpolation Method (DEIM). For a given matrix A, such a factorization provides a...CUR approximations based on leverage scores. 1 Introduction This work presents a new CUR matrix factorization based upon the Discrete Empirical...SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT We derive a CUR approximate matrix factorization based on the Discrete Empirical Interpolation Method (DEIM). For a given
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Fostering Formal Commutativity Knowledge with Approximate Arithmetic
Hansen, Sonja Maria; Haider, Hilde; Eichler, Alexandra; Godau, Claudia; Frensch, Peter A.; Gaschler, Robert
2015-01-01
How can we enhance the understanding of abstract mathematical principles in elementary school? Different studies found out that nonsymbolic estimation could foster subsequent exact number processing and simple arithmetic. Taking the commutativity principle as a test case, we investigated if the approximate calculation of symbolic commutative quantities can also alter the access to procedural and conceptual knowledge of a more abstract arithmetic principle. Experiment 1 tested first graders who had not been instructed about commutativity in school yet. Approximate calculation with symbolic quantities positively influenced the use of commutativity-based shortcuts in formal arithmetic. We replicated this finding with older first graders (Experiment 2) and third graders (Experiment 3). Despite the positive effect of approximation on the spontaneous application of commutativity-based shortcuts in arithmetic problems, we found no comparable impact on the application of conceptual knowledge of the commutativity principle. Overall, our results show that the usage of a specific arithmetic principle can benefit from approximation. However, the findings also suggest that the correct use of certain procedures does not always imply conceptual understanding. Rather, the conceptual understanding of commutativity seems to lag behind procedural proficiency during elementary school. PMID:26560311
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Sunyayev, R. A.
1979-01-01
Secondary heating and ionization of the intergalactic gas at redshifts z approximately 10-30 could lead to the large optical depth of the Universe for Thomson scattering and could smooth the primordial fluctuations formed at z approximately 1500. It is shown that the gas motions connected with the large scale density perturbations at z approximately 10-15 must lead to the generation of secondary fluctuations of microwave background. The contribution of the rich clusters of galaxies and young galaxies to the fluctuations of microwave background is also estimated.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Pearson, T. J.; Mason, B. S.; Readhead, A. C. S.; Shepherd, M. C.; Sievers, J. L.; Udomprasert, P. S.; Cartwright, J. K.; Farmer, A. J.; Padin, S.; Myers, S. T.;
2002-01-01
Using the Cosmic Background Imager, a 13-element interferometer array operating in the 26-36 GHz frequency band, we have observed 40 deg (sup 2) of sky in three pairs of fields, each approximately 145 feet x 165 feet, using overlapping pointings: (mosaicing). We present images and power spectra of the cosmic microwave background radiation in these mosaic fields. We remove ground radiation and other low-level contaminating signals by differencing matched observations of the fields in each pair. The primary foreground contamination is due to point sources (radio galaxies and quasars). We have subtracted the strongest sources from the data using higher-resolution measurements, and we have projected out the response to other sources of known position in the power-spectrum analysis. The images show features on scales approximately 6 feet-15 feet, corresponding to masses approximately 5-80 x 10(exp 14) solar mass at the surface of last scattering, which are likely to be the seeds of clusters of galaxies. The power spectrum estimates have a resolution delta l approximately 200 and are consistent with earlier results in the multipole range l approximately less than 1000. The power spectrum is detected with high signal-to-noise ratio in the range 300 approximately less than l approximately less than 1700. For 1700 approximately less than l approximately less than 3000 the observations are consistent with the results from more sensitive CBI deep-field observations. The results agree with the extrapolation of cosmological models fitted to observations at lower l, and show the predicted drop at high l (the "damping tail").
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Nuclear medicine. Bibliography from Nuclear Science Abstracts, Volumes 31--33
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Not Available
1976-12-01
References to 4362 publications related to nuclear medicine announced in Nuclear Science Abstracts (NSA) volumes 31(Jan.--June 1975), 32(July--Dec. 1975), and 33(Jan.--June 1976) are contained in this bibliography. References are arranged in order by the original NSA abstract number which approximately places them in chronological order. Sequence numbers appear beside each reference, and the indexes refer to these sequence numbers. Indexes included are: Corporate, Personal Author, Subject, and Report Number.
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Clarifying the abstracts of systematic literature reviews*
Hartley, James
2000-01-01
Background: There is a small body of research on improving the clarity of abstracts in general that is relevant to improving the clarity of abstracts of systematic reviews. Objectives: To summarize this earlier research and indicate its implications for writing the abstracts of systematic reviews. Method: Literature review with commentary on three main features affecting the clarity of abstracts: their language, structure, and typographical presentation. Conclusions: The abstracts of systematic reviews should be easier to read than the abstracts of medical research articles, as they are targeted at a wider audience. The aims, methods, results, and conclusions of systematic reviews need to be presented in a consistent way to help search and retrieval. The typographic detailing of the abstracts (type-sizes, spacing, and weights) should be planned to help, rather than confuse, the reader. PMID:11055300
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Leadership Abstracts, Volume 2, Numbers 1-21, 1989.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Doucette, Don, Ed.
This series of abstracts from the League for Innovation in the Community College and the Community College Leadership Program is published approximately bimonthly and distributed to the chief executive officer of every two-year college in the United States and Canada. Addressing a variety of topics of interest to community college administrators,…
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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Concl...
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Leadership Abstracts, Volume 3, Numbers 1-20, 1990.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Doucette, Don, Ed.
This series of abstracts from the League for Innovation in the Community College and the Community College Leadership Program is published approximately bimonthly and distributed to the chief executive officer of every two-year college in the United States and Canada. Addressing a variety of topics of interest to community college administrators,…
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Liquid metal fast breeder reactors, 1972--1973
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
None
1974-01-01
Reference to 1467 publications on liquid sodium fast breeder reactors cited in Nuclear Science Abstracts Volume 26 (1972) through Volume 27 (1973 through June) are contained in this citation to provide information on the contents of the document. References are arranged in order by the original NSA abstract number which approximately places them in chronological order. Sequence numbers appear beside each reference, and the personal author index refers to these sequence numbers. The subject index refers to the original abstract numbers. (auth)
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Banda, Gourinath; Gallagher, John P.
interpretation provides a practical approach to verifying properties of infinite-state systems. We apply the framework of abstract interpretation to derive an abstract semantic function for the modal μ-calculus, which is the basis for abstract model checking. The abstract semantic function is constructed directly from the standard concrete semantics together with a Galois connection between the concrete state-space and an abstract domain. There is no need for mixed or modal transition systems to abstract arbitrary temporal properties, as in previous work in the area of abstract model checking. Using the modal μ-calculus to implement CTL, the abstract semantics gives an over-approximation of the set of states in which an arbitrary CTL formula holds. Then we show that this leads directly to an effective implementation of an abstract model checking algorithm for CTL using abstract domains based on linear constraints. The implementation of the abstract semantic function makes use of an SMT solver. We describe an implemented system for proving properties of linear hybrid automata and give some experimental results.
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Bilingual/Bicultural Education: Titles and Abstracts of Doctoral Dissertations.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
California State Univ., Los Angeles. National Dissemination and Assessment Center.
Dissertation abstracts describing research on a wide variety of topics in bilingual education are presented. This publication is designed to provide background material for bilingual educators as well as practical procedures for bilingual teachers, administrators, counselors, and evaluators. The titles were acquired by using the two broad…
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Nuccitelli, D. A.; Cook, J.; Jokimäki, A.; Skuce, A. G.; Green, S. A.; Painting, R.; Morrison, G. W.; Reitano, R.; Richardson, M.; Honeycutt, R.; Winkler, B.; Tamblyn, G.
2012-12-01
Prior studies have identified a consensus amongst climate science experts regarding anthropogenic global warming (AGW) as outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Oreskes 2004). Despite this evidence, a poll of 1010 American adults (Leiserowitz et al. 2011) revealed that only 15% believed that a large majority (>81%) of climate scientists think that global warming is caused mostly by human activities. This lack of public awareness of the consensus has hindered the implementation of climate policy, in the United States in particular. Using an online abstract classification and rating system in combination with an email survey of the papers' authors, a team of 24 contributors to the weblog Skeptical Science undertook an analysis of 12,465 abstracts published between 1991 and 2011, listed in the Web of Science with the keywords "global warming" and/or "global climate change". Each abstract was reviewed independently at least twice, based on the abstract and the title, with no reference to the authorship. This study represents the single largest survey of peer-reviewed climate research, and the large sample size allows for identification of patterns in climate research over time. Abstracts were classified based on subject focus, using a set of written criteria, as one of "impacts", "methods", "mitigation", "paleoclimate", or "opinion"; and rated according to degree of endorsement or rejection of AGW: three categories each of explicit/implicit endorsement and rejection, and a neutral category. Abstracts that referred to a changing climate but did not assert or reject a linkage to human-produced greenhouse gases were rated "neutral", and this rating proved to be by far the most common, comprising approximately 67% of total abstracts. Endorsement categories made up approximately 33% of all abstracts examined, whereas those rejecting AGW comprised less than 1%. Overall, endorsements outnumbered rejections approximately 50-to-1, consistent with the 97-98% AGW consensus found in previous studies (Doran and Zimmerman 2009 and Anderegg et al. 2010). 2011 had the most total papers surveyed at 1,683. An average of 3.7 rejections per year were identified, with a maximum of 9 in 2011. Endorsements averaged 187 per year, with a maximum of 521 in 2011. These results represent the most comprehensive confirmation of the AGW consensus to date.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Mason, B. S.; Pearson, T. J.; Readhead, A. C. S.; Shepherd, M. C.; Sievers, J.; Udomprasert, P. S.; Cartwright, J. K.; Farmer, A. J.; Padin, S.; Myers, S. T.;
2002-01-01
We report measurements of anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background radiation over the multipole range l approximately 200 (right arrow) 3500 with the Cosmic Background Imager based on deep observations of three fields. These results confirm the drop in power with increasing l first reported in earlier measurements with this instrument, and extend the observations of this decline in power out to l approximately 2000. The decline in power is consistent with the predicted damping of primary anisotropies. At larger multipoles, l = 2000-3500, the power is 3.1 sigma greater than standard models for intrinsic microwave background anisotropy in this multipole range, and 3.5 sigma greater than zero. This excess power is not consistent with expected levels of residual radio source contamination but, for sigma 8 is approximately greater than 1, is consistent with predicted levels due to a secondary Sunyaev-Zeldovich anisotropy. Further observations are necessary to confirm the level of this excess and, if confirmed, determine its origin.
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Newborn infants perceive abstract numbers
Izard, Véronique; Sann, Coralie; Spelke, Elizabeth S.; Streri, Arlette
2009-01-01
Although infants and animals respond to the approximate number of elements in visual, auditory, and tactile arrays, only human children and adults have been shown to possess abstract numerical representations that apply to entities of all kinds (e.g., 7 samurai, seas, or sins). Do abstract numerical concepts depend on language or culture, or do they form a part of humans' innate, core knowledge? Here we show that newborn infants spontaneously associate stationary, visual-spatial arrays of 4–18 objects with auditory sequences of events on the basis of number. Their performance provides evidence for abstract numerical representations at the start of postnatal experience. PMID:19520833
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Approximation Algorithms for Multicommodity Flow and Shop Scheduling Problems
1992-09-01
DARPA N00014-89-J-1988 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Ŗa. oIs7RIBU ric.c / AVAILAaILITY STATEMENT, 1.2. 3ISTRIBUT;CN C:. E In this thesis , we give efficient...University Thesis Supervisor Accepted by Campbell L. Searle Chairman, Departmental Committee on Graduate Students Approximation Algorithms for Multicommodity...partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Abstract In this thesis , we give efficient approximation algorithms for
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Arkin, Adam P.
2015-01-01
ABSTRACT Free-living bacteria are usually thought to have large effective population sizes, and so tiny selective differences can drive their evolution. However, because recombination is infrequent, “background selection” against slightly deleterious alleles should reduce the effective population size (Ne) by orders of magnitude. For example, for a well-mixed population with 1012 individuals and a typical level of homologous recombination (r/m = 3, i.e., nucleotide changes due to recombination [r] occur at 3 times the mutation rate [m]), we predict that Ne is <107. An argument for high Ne values for bacteria has been the high genetic diversity within many bacterial “species,” but this diversity may be due to population structure: diversity across subpopulations can be far higher than diversity within a subpopulation, which makes it difficult to estimate Ne correctly. Given an estimate of Ne, standard population genetics models imply that selection should be sufficient to drive evolution if Ne × s is >1, where s is the selection coefficient. We found that this remains approximately correct if background selection is occurring or when population structure is present. Overall, we predict that even for free-living bacteria with enormous populations, natural selection is only a significant force if s is above 10−7 or so. PMID:26670382
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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Concl...
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Blindness to background: an inbuilt bias for visual objects.
O'Hanlon, Catherine G; Read, Jenny C A
2017-09-01
Sixty-eight 2- to 12-year-olds and 30 adults were shown colorful displays on a touchscreen monitor and trained to point to the location of a named color. Participants located targets near-perfectly when presented with four abutting colored patches. When presented with three colored patches on a colored background, toddlers failed to locate targets in the background. Eye tracking demonstrated that the effect was partially mediated by a tendency not to fixate the background. However, the effect was abolished when the targets were named as nouns, whilst the change to nouns had little impact on eye movement patterns. Our results imply a powerful, inbuilt tendency to attend to objects, which may slow the development of color concepts and acquisition of color words. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/TKO1BPeAiOI. [Correction added on 27 January 2017, after first online publication: The video abstract link was added.]. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Concrete Model Checking with Abstract Matching and Refinement
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Pasareanu Corina S.; Peianek Radek; Visser, Willem
2005-01-01
We propose an abstraction-based model checking method which relies on refinement of an under-approximation of the feasible behaviors of the system under analysis. The method preserves errors to safety properties, since all analyzed behaviors are feasible by definition. The method does not require an abstract transition relation to he generated, but instead executes the concrete transitions while storing abstract versions of the concrete states, as specified by a set of abstraction predicates. For each explored transition. the method checks, with the help of a theorem prover, whether there is any loss of precision introduced by abstraction. The results of these checks are used to decide termination or to refine the abstraction, by generating new abstraction predicates. If the (possibly infinite) concrete system under analysis has a finite bisimulation quotient, then the method is guaranteed to eventually explore an equivalent finite bisimilar structure. We illustrate the application of the approach for checking concurrent programs. We also show how a lightweight variant can be used for efficient software testing.
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Approximate Genealogies Under Genetic Hitchhiking
Pfaffelhuber, P.; Haubold, B.; Wakolbinger, A.
2006-01-01
The rapid fixation of an advantageous allele leads to a reduction in linked neutral variation around the target of selection. The genealogy at a neutral locus in such a selective sweep can be simulated by first generating a random path of the advantageous allele's frequency and then a structured coalescent in this background. Usually the frequency path is approximated by a logistic growth curve. We discuss an alternative method that approximates the genealogy by a random binary splitting tree, a so-called Yule tree that does not require first constructing a frequency path. Compared to the coalescent in a logistic background, this method gives a slightly better approximation for identity by descent during the selective phase and a much better approximation for the number of lineages that stem from the founder of the selective sweep. In applications such as the approximation of the distribution of Tajima's D, the two approximation methods perform equally well. For relevant parameter ranges, the Yule approximation is faster. PMID:17182733
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Practical Application of Model Checking in Software Verification
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Havelund, Klaus; Skakkebaek, Jens Ulrik
1999-01-01
This paper presents our experiences in applying the JAVA PATHFINDER (J(sub PF)), a recently developed JAVA to SPIN translator, in the finding of synchronization bugs in a Chinese Chess game server application written in JAVA. We give an overview of J(sub PF) and the subset of JAVA that it supports and describe the abstraction and verification of the game server. Finally, we analyze the results of the effort. We argue that abstraction by under-approximation is necessary for abstracting sufficiently smaller models for verification purposes; that user guidance is crucial for effective abstraction; and that current model checkers do not conveniently support the computational models of software in general and JAVA in particular.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Costa, F. A. F.; Keir, G.; McIntyre, N.; Bulovic, N.
2015-12-01
Most groundwater supply bores in Australia do not have flow metering equipment and so regional groundwater abstraction rates are not well known. Past estimates of unmetered abstraction for regional numerical groundwater modelling typically have not attempted to quantify the uncertainty inherent in the estimation process in detail. In particular, the spatial properties of errors in the estimates are almost always neglected. Here, we apply Bayesian spatial models to estimate these abstractions at a regional scale, using the state-of-the-art computationally inexpensive approaches of integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) and stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE). We examine a case study in the Condamine Alluvium aquifer in southern Queensland, Australia; even in this comparatively data-rich area with extensive groundwater abstraction for agricultural irrigation, approximately 80% of bores do not have reliable metered flow records. Additionally, the metering data in this area are characterised by complicated statistical features, such as zero-valued observations, non-normality, and non-stationarity. While this precludes the use of many classical spatial estimation techniques, such as kriging, our model (using the R-INLA package) is able to accommodate these features. We use a joint model to predict both probability and magnitude of abstraction from bores in space and time, and examine the effect of a range of high-resolution gridded meteorological covariates upon the predictive ability of the model. Deviance Information Criterion (DIC) scores are used to assess a range of potential models, which reward good model fit while penalising excessive model complexity. We conclude that maximum air temperature (as a reasonably effective surrogate for evapotranspiration) is the most significant single predictor of abstraction rate; and that a significant spatial effect exists (represented by the SPDE approximation of a Gaussian random field with a Matérn covariance function). Our final model adopts air temperature, solar exposure, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as covariates, shows good agreement with previous estimates at a regional scale, and additionally offers rigorous quantification of uncertainty in the estimate.
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Venous Lake of the Lips Treated Using Photocoagulation with High-Intensity Diode Laser
Galletta, Vivian C.; de Paula Eduardo, Carlos; Migliari, Dante A.
2010-01-01
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of photocoagulation with high-intensity diode laser in the treatment of venous lake (VL) lesions. Background Data: VL is a common vascular lesion characterized by elevated, usually dome-shaped papules, ranging in color from dark blue to dark purple, seen more frequently in elderly patients. They often occur as single lesions on the ears, face, lips, or neck. Once formed, lesions persist throughout life. Although these lesions are usually asymptomatic, they can bleed if injured. Methods: Seventeen patients (7 men and 10 women) with VL on the lip were treated using a noncontact diode laser (wavelength 808 nm, power output 2–3 W in continuous wave). Results: After only one irradiation exposure, all lesions were successfully treated. Healing was completed in approximately 2 to 3 weeks, and none of the patients experienced complications. Postoperative discomfort and scarring were not present or were minimal. Conclusion: Photocoagulation with high-intensity diode laser is an effective, bloodless procedure for the treatment of VL. PMID:19811083
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Finite-width Laplacian sum rules for 2++ tensor glueball in the instanton vacuum model
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chen, Junlong; Liu, Jueping
2017-01-01
The more carefully defined and more appropriate 2++ tensor glueball current is a S Uc(3 ) gauge-invariant, symmetric, traceless, and conserved Lorentz-irreducible tensor. After Lorentz decomposition, the invariant amplitude of the correlation function is abstracted and calculated based on the semiclassical expansion for quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in the instanton liquid background. In addition to taking the perturbative contribution into account, we calculate the contribution arising from the interaction (or the interference) between instantons and the quantum gluon fields, which is infrared free. Instead of the usual zero-width approximation for the resonances, the Breit-Wigner form with a correct threshold behavior for the spectral function of the finite-width three resonances is adopted. The properties of the 2++ tensor glueball are investigated via a family of the QCD Laplacian sum rules for the invariant amplitude. The values of the mass, decay width, and coupling constants for the 2++ resonance in which the glueball fraction is dominant are obtained.
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Analytical approximations to the Hotelling trace for digital x-ray detectors
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Clarkson, Eric; Pineda, Angel R.; Barrett, Harrison H.
2001-06-01
The Hotelling trace is the signal-to-noise ratio for the ideal linear observer in a detection task. We provide an analytical approximation for this figure of merit when the signal is known exactly and the background is generated by a stationary random process, and the imaging system is an ideal digital x-ray detector. This approximation is based on assuming that the detector is infinite in extent. We test this approximation for finite-size detectors by comparing it to exact calculations using matrix inversion of the data covariance matrix. After verifying the validity of the approximation under a variety of circumstances, we use it to generate plots of the Hotelling trace as a function of pairs of parameters of the system, the signal and the background.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-01-11
... Collection, Comments Requested: The National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) Point-of-Contact... Background Check System (NICS) Point-of-Contact (POC) State Final Determination Electronic Submission. (3... required to respond, as well as a brief abstract: Primary: Full Point-of-Contact (POC) States; Partial POC...
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Estimation on nonlinear damping in second order distributed parameter systems
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Banks, H. T.; Reich, Simeon; Rosen, I. G.
1989-01-01
An approximation and convergence theory for the identification of nonlinear damping in abstract wave equations is developed. It is assumed that the unknown dissipation mechanism to be identified can be described by a maximal monotone operator acting on the generalized velocity. The stiffness is assumed to be linear and symmetric. Functional analytic techniques are used to establish that solutions to a sequence of finite dimensional (Galerkin) approximating identification problems in some sense approximate a solution to the original infinite dimensional inverse problem.
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Rice University observations of the galactic center
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Meegan, C. A.
1978-01-01
The most sensitive of the four balloon fight observations of the galactic center made by Rice University was conducted in 1974 from Rio Cuarto, Argentina at a float altitude of 4 mbar. The count rate spectrum of the observed background and the energy spectrum of the galactic center region are discussed. The detector used consists of a 6 inch Nal(T 1ambda) central detector collimated to approximately 15 deg FWHM by a Nal(T lamdba) anticoincidence shield. The shield in at least two interaction mean free paths thick at all gamma ray energies. The instrumental resolution is approximately 11% FWHM at 662 keV. Pulses from the central detector are analyzed by two 256 channel PHA's covering the energy range approximately 20 keV to approximately 12 MeV. The detector is equatorially mounted and pointed by command from the ground. Observations are made by measuring source and background alternately for 10 minute periods. Background is measured by rotating the detector 180 deg about the azimuthal axis.
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A two-fluid approximation for calculating the cosmic microwave background anisotropies
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Seljak, Uros
1994-01-01
We present a simplified treatment for calculating the cosmic microwave background anisotropy power spectrum in adiabatic models. It consists of solving for the evolution of a two-fluid model until the epoch of recombination and then integrating over the sources to obtain the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy power spectrum. The approximation is useful both for a physical understanding of CMB anisotropies as well as for a quantitative analysis of cosmological models. Comparison with exact calculations shows that the accuracy is typically 10%-20% over a large range of angles and cosmological models, including those with curvature and cosmological constant. Using this approximation we investigate the dependence of the CMB anisotropy on the cosmological parameters. We identify six dimensionless parameters that uniquely determine the anisotropy power spectrum within our approximation. CMB experiments on different angular scales could in principle provide information on all these parameters. In particular, mapping of the Doppler peaks would allow an independent determination of baryon mass density, matter mass density, and the Hubble constant.
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Characterization of BRCA2 Mutation in a Series of Functional Assays
2005-05-01
9 Appendices .................................................................................... 10 Abstract Mutations in the BRCA2 gene account for...approximately 20% of all hereditary breast cancer. Many individuals undergo expensive clinical testing for mutations in the BRCA2 gene in order to...BRCA2 breast and ovarian cancer predisposition gene was identified in 1995. Mutations in the gene account for approximately 20% of all hereditary breast
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SUSTAINING NAVAL SURFACE COMBATANT VERTICAL LAUNCH SYSTEM MUNITIONS DURING JOINT OPERATIONS
2017-04-21
permission of the author. 14. ABSTRACT Maintaining maritime dominance against near peer adversaries will tax an already complex logistics structure...This page intentionally blank i ABSTRACT Maintaining maritime dominance against near peer adversaries will tax an already complex logistics...140725-N-EW716- 002.jpg 40 California to Guam, approximately eight days would be required but this does not account for delay to conduct refueling
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Use of Syllabic Logograms to Help Dyslexic Readers of English Visualize Abstract Words as Pictures
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Saez-Rodriguez, Alberto
2009-01-01
Background: Dyslexics read concrete words better than abstract ones. As a result, one of the major problems facing dyslexics is the fact that only part of the information that they require to communicate is concrete, i.e. can easily be pictured. Method: The experiment involved dyslexic third-grade, English-speaking children (8-year-olds) divided…
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The abstract is only allowed to be 500 words maximum and is supposed to represent the theme of the conference so I am focusing my information more on the background of why phosphorus is important to recovery then giving a little less detail on the material I've made for this purp...
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Fundamentals and Recent Developments in Approximate Bayesian Computation
Lintusaari, Jarno; Gutmann, Michael U.; Dutta, Ritabrata; Kaski, Samuel; Corander, Jukka
2017-01-01
Abstract Bayesian inference plays an important role in phylogenetics, evolutionary biology, and in many other branches of science. It provides a principled framework for dealing with uncertainty and quantifying how it changes in the light of new evidence. For many complex models and inference problems, however, only approximate quantitative answers are obtainable. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) refers to a family of algorithms for approximate inference that makes a minimal set of assumptions by only requiring that sampling from a model is possible. We explain here the fundamentals of ABC, review the classical algorithms, and highlight recent developments. [ABC; approximate Bayesian computation; Bayesian inference; likelihood-free inference; phylogenetics; simulator-based models; stochastic simulation models; tree-based models.] PMID:28175922
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Vyas, Seema; Mbwambo, Jessie
2017-01-01
ABSTRACT Background: Women’s responses to partner violence are influenced by a complex constellation of factors including: psychological attachment to the partner; context of the abuse; and structural factors, all of which shape available options for women outside of the relationship. Objective: To describe women’s responses to physical partner violence; and to understand the role of women’s economic resources on their responses. Methods: Cross-sectional data from Dar es Salaam and Mbeya, Tanzania. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between women’s economic resources and their responses to violence. Results: In both sites, among physically abused women, over one-half experienced severe violence; approximately two-thirds had disclosed the violence; and approximately 40% had sought help. Abused women were more likely to have sought help from health services, the police and religious leaders in Dar es Salaam, and from local leaders in Mbeya. Economic resources did not facilitate women’s ability to leave violent partners in Dar es Salaam. In Mbeya, women who jointly owned capital assets were less likely to have left. In both sites, women’s sole ownership of capital assets facilitated help-seeking. Conclusion: Although support services are being scaled-up in Tanzania, efforts are needed to increase the acceptability of accessing such services. PMID:28485667
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Around Him, Deana M.
2014-01-01
Background The objective of the research was to review reporting of ethical concerns and community involvement in peer-reviewed systematic reviews or meta-analyses concerning American Indian, Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian (AI/AN/NH) health. Methods Text words and indexed vocabulary terms were used to query PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the Native Health Database for systematic reviews or meta-analyses concerning AI/AN/NH health published in peer-reviewed journals, followed by a search through reference lists. Each article was abstracted by two independent reviewers; results were discussed until consensus was reached. Results We identified 107 papers published from 1986–2012 that were primarily about AI/AN/NH health or presented findings separately for AI/AN/NH communities. Two reported seeking indigenous reviewer feedback; none reported seeking input from tribes and communities. Approximately 7% reported on institutional review board (IRB) approval of included studies, 5% reported on tribal approval, and 4% referenced the sovereignty of AI/AN tribes. Approximately 63% used evidence from more than one AI/AN/NH population study, and 28% discussed potential benefits to communities from the synthesis research. Conclusions Reporting of ethics and community involvement are not prominent. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses making community-level inferences may pose risks to communities. Future systematic reviews and meta-analyses should consider ethical and participatory dimensions of research. PMID:25089283
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Lights, Cameras, Mirrors, Action!
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Purcell, John
2012-01-01
In this article, the author describes how his first-grade students made their own compositions based on James Rosenquist's collage series in which long shards of faces were painted over a background that appeared to be abstract. The background was made up of enlarged details of things such as flowers, leaves, fire, and water. The students'…
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ON THE PROPER USE OF THE REDUCED SPEED OF LIGHT APPROXIMATION
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Gnedin, Nickolay Y., E-mail: gnedin@fnal.gov
I show that the reduced speed of light (RSL) approximation, when used properly (i.e., as originally designed—only for local sources but not for the cosmic background), remains a highly accurate numerical method for modeling cosmic reionization. Simulated ionization and star formation histories from the “Cosmic Reionization on Computers” project are insensitive to the adopted value of the RSL for as long as that value does not fall below about 10% of the true speed of light. A recent claim of the failure of the RSL approximation in the Illustris reionization model appears to be due to the effective speed ofmore » light being reduced in the equation for the cosmic background too and hence illustrates the importance of maintaining the correct speed of light in modeling the cosmic background.« less
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Numerical studies of identification in nonlinear distributed parameter systems
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Banks, H. T.; Lo, C. K.; Reich, Simeon; Rosen, I. G.
1989-01-01
An abstract approximation framework and convergence theory for the identification of first and second order nonlinear distributed parameter systems developed previously by the authors and reported on in detail elsewhere are summarized and discussed. The theory is based upon results for systems whose dynamics can be described by monotone operators in Hilbert space and an abstract approximation theorem for the resulting nonlinear evolution system. The application of the theory together with numerical evidence demonstrating the feasibility of the general approach are discussed in the context of the identification of a first order quasi-linear parabolic model for one dimensional heat conduction/mass transport and the identification of a nonlinear dissipation mechanism (i.e., damping) in a second order one dimensional wave equation. Computational and implementational considerations, in particular, with regard to supercomputing, are addressed.
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Generalized INF-SUP condition for Chebyshev approximation of the Navier-Stokes equations
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Bernardi, Christine; Canuto, Claudio; Maday, Yvon
1986-01-01
An abstract mixed problem and its approximation are studied; both are well-posed if and only if several inf-sup conditions are satisfied. These results are applied to a spectral Galerkin method for the Stokes problem in a square, when it is formulated in Chebyshev weighted Sobolev spaces. Finally, a collocation method for the Navier-Stokes equations at Chebyshev nodes is analyzed.
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The Mystery of Io's Warm Polar Regions: Implications for Heat Flow
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Matson, D. L.; Veeder, G. J.; Johnson, T. V.; Blaney, D. L.; Davies, A. G.
2002-01-01
Unexpectedly warm polar temperatures further support the idea that Io is covered virtually everywhere by cooling lava flows. This implies a new heat flow component. Io's heat flow remains constrained between a lower bound of (approximately) 2.5 W m(exp -2) and an upper bound of (approximately) 13 W m(exp -2). Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
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Successive Over-Relaxation Technique for High-Performance Blind Image Deconvolution
2015-06-08
deconvolution, space surveillance, Gauss - Seidel iteration 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT SAR 18, NUMBER OF PAGES 5...sensible approximate solutions to the ill-posed nonlinear inverse problem. These solutions are addresses as fixed points of the iteration which consists in...alternating approximations (AA) for the object and for the PSF performed with a prescribed number of inner iterative descents from trivial (zero
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77 FR 12871 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Comment Request
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-03-02
...). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Abstract Respondents supply the U.S. Geological Survey with avian population data... Description of Respondents: Approximately 1,600 individuals skilled in avian identification will participate...
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The Consequential Challenges of Climate Change
2011-03-22
LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT UNCLASSIFED b. ABSTRACT UNCLASSIFED c . THIS PAGE...3 precipitation events. As measured by multiple methods, the global annual average temperature rose 0.13˚ C per decade between 1955 and 2005...The IPCC projects global temperatures will rise by approximately 5 C in the next twenty years and 8 C to 4 C by the end of the century.15 These
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Liemohn, Wendell, Ed.
The research consortium program of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance is comprised of free papers, posters, symposia, and invited lectures. Of the approximately 450 research abstracts submitted for the 1991 research symposium, those recommended for presentation are included in this volume. The topics covered…
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USSR and Eastern Europe Scientific Abstracts, Engineering and Equipment, Number 38
1977-12-27
THEORY OF STIMULATED EMISSION OF SOUND IN A LIQUID HALF-SPACE WITH UNEVEN BOUNDARY WHEN Q-SWITCHED LASER RADIATION IS ABSORBED Moscow AKUSTICHESKIY...Coherent and Non- linear Optics ["Concerning the Influence of an Uneven Boundary on Optical Stimulation of Sound in a Liquid ," Abstracts of Reports to...switched laser radiation is absorbed in a liquid half-space is considered in the small perturbation approximation. It is assumed that the
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Refugee experiences of general practice in countries of resettlement: a literature review
Cheng, I-Hao; Drillich, Ann; Schattner, Peter
2015-01-01
Background Refugees and asylum seekers often struggle to use general practice services in resettlement countries. Aim To describe and analyse the literature on the experiences of refugees and asylum seekers using general practice services in countries of resettlement. Design and setting Literature review using systematic search and narrative data extraction and synthesis methodologies. International, peer-reviewed literature published in English language between 1990 and 2013. Method Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CSA Sociological Abstracts, and CINAHL databases were searched using the terms: refugee, asylum seeker, experience, perception, doctor, physician, and general practitioner. Titles, abstracts and full texts were reviewed and were critically appraised. Narrative themes describing the refugee or asylum seeker’s personal experiences of general practice services were identified, coded, and analysed. Results From 8722 papers, 85 were fully reviewed and 23 included. These represented the experiences of approximately 864 individuals using general practice services across 11 countries. Common narrative themes that emerged were: difficulties accessing general practice services, language barriers, poor doctor–patient relationships, and problems with the cultural acceptability of medical care. Conclusion The difficulties refugees and asylum seekers experience accessing and using general practice services could be addressed by providing practical support for patients to register, make appointments, and attend services, and through using interpreters. Clinicians should look beyond refugee stereotypes to focus on the needs and expectations of the individual. They should provide clear explanations about unfamiliar clinical processes and treatments while offering timely management. PMID:25733438
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Semigroup theory and numerical approximation for equations in linear viscoelasticity
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Fabiano, R. H.; Ito, K.
1990-01-01
A class of abstract integrodifferential equations used to model linear viscoelastic beams is investigated analytically, applying a Hilbert-space approach. The basic equation is rewritten as a Cauchy problem, and its well-posedness is demonstrated. Finite-dimensional subspaces of the state space and an estimate of the state operator are obtained; approximation schemes for the equations are constructed; and the convergence is proved using the Trotter-Kato theorem of linear semigroup theory. The actual convergence behavior of different approximations is demonstrated in numerical computations, and the results are presented in tables.
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New cosmic microwave background constraint to primordial gravitational waves.
Smith, Tristan L; Pierpaoli, Elena; Kamionkowski, Marc
2006-07-14
Primordial gravitational waves (GWs) with frequencies > or approximately equal to 10(-15) Hz contribute to the radiation density of the Universe at the time of decoupling of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). This affects the CMB and matter power spectra in a manner identical to massless neutrinos, unless the initial density perturbation for the GWs is nonadiabatic, as may occur if such GWs are produced during inflation or some post-inflation phase transition. In either case, current observations provide a constraint to the GW amplitude that competes with that from big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), although it extends to much lower frequencies (approximately 10(-15) Hz rather than the approximately 10(-10) Hz from BBN): at 95% confidence level, omega(gw)h(2)
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Genetic Background but not Metallothionein Phenotype Dictates Sensitivity to
Cadmium-Induced Testicular Injury in Mice
Jie Liu1,2, Chris Corton3, David J. Dix4, Yaping Liu1, Michael P. Waalkes2
and Curtis D. Klaassen1
ABSTRACT
Parenteral administrati... -
Bayrakçeken, Fuat
2008-02-01
The reactions of photochemically generated deuterium atoms of selected initial translational energy with ethane have been investigated. At each initial energy the relative probability of the atoms undergoing reaction or energy loss on collision with ethane was investigated, and the phenomenological threshold energy was measured as 30+/-5kJmol(-1) for the abstraction from the secondary C-H bonds. The ratio of relative yields per bond, secondary:primary was approximately 3 at the higher energies studied. The correlation of threshold energies with bond dissociation energies, heats of reaction and activation energies is discussed for abstraction reactions with several hydrocarbons.
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On the proper use of the reduced speed of light approximation
Gnedin, Nickolay Y.
2016-12-07
I show that the Reduced Speed of Light (RSL) approximation, when used properly (i.e. as originally designed - only for the local sources but not for the cosmic background), remains a highly accurate numerical method for modeling cosmic reionization. Simulated ionization and star formation histories from the "Cosmic Reionization On Computers" (CROC) project are insensitive to the adopted value of the reduced speed of light for as long as that value does not fall below about 10% of the true speed of light. Here, a recent claim of the failure of the RSL approximation in the Illustris reionization model appearsmore » to be due to the effective speed of light being reduced in the equation for the cosmic background too, and, hence, illustrates the importance of maintaining the correct speed of light in modeling the cosmic background.« less
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On the proper use of the reduced speed of light approximation
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Gnedin, Nickolay Y.
I show that the Reduced Speed of Light (RSL) approximation, when used properly (i.e. as originally designed - only for the local sources but not for the cosmic background), remains a highly accurate numerical method for modeling cosmic reionization. Simulated ionization and star formation histories from the "Cosmic Reionization On Computers" (CROC) project are insensitive to the adopted value of the reduced speed of light for as long as that value does not fall below about 10% of the true speed of light. Here, a recent claim of the failure of the RSL approximation in the Illustris reionization model appearsmore » to be due to the effective speed of light being reduced in the equation for the cosmic background too, and, hence, illustrates the importance of maintaining the correct speed of light in modeling the cosmic background.« less
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Draft genomes of two blister beetles Hycleus cichorii and Hycleus phaleratus
Wu, Yuan-Ming; Li, Jiang
2018-01-01
Abstract Background Commonly known as blister beetles or Spanish fly, there are more than 1500 species in the Meloidae family (Hexapoda: Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) that produce the potent defensive blistering agent cantharidin. Cantharidin and its derivatives have been used to treat cancers such as liver, stomach, lung, and esophageal cancers. Hycleus cichorii and Hycleus phaleratus are the most commercially important blister beetles in China due to their ability to biosynthesize this potent vesicant. However, there is a lack of genome reference, which has hindered development of studies on the biosynthesis of cantharidin and a better understanding of its biology and pharmacology. Results We report 2 draft genomes and quantified gene sets for the blister beetles H. cichorii and H. phaleratus, 2 complex genomes with >72% repeats and approximately 1% heterozygosity, using Illumina sequencing data. An integrated assembly pipeline was performed for assembly, and most of the coding regions were obtained. Benchmarking universal single-copy orthologs (BUSCO) assessment showed that our assembly obtained more than 98% of the Endopterygota universal single-copy orthologs. Comparison analysis showed that the completeness of coding genes in our assembly was comparable to other beetle genomes such as Dendroctonus ponderosae and Agrilus planipennis. Gene annotation yielded 13 813 and 13 725 protein-coding genes in H. cichorii and H. phaleratus, of which approximately 89% were functionally annotated. BUSCO assessment showed that approximately 86% and 84% of the Endopterygota universal single-copy orthologs were annotated completely in these 2 gene sets, whose completeness is comparable to that of D. ponderosae and A. planipennis. Conclusions Assembly of both blister beetle genomes provides a valuable resource for future biosynthesis of cantharidin and comparative genomic studies of blister beetles and other beetles. PMID:29444297
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Basu, Ananda; Veettil, Sona; Dyer, Roy; Peyser, Thomas
2016-01-01
Abstract Background: Recent advances in accuracy and reliability of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices have focused renewed interest on the use of such technology for therapeutic dosing of insulin without the need for independent confirmatory blood glucose meter measurements. An important issue that remains is the susceptibility of CGM devices to erroneous readings in the presence of common pharmacologic interferences. We report on a new method of assessing CGM sensor error to pharmacologic interferences using the example of oral administration of acetaminophen. Materials and Methods: We examined the responses of several different Food and Drug Administration–approved and commercially available CGM systems (Dexcom [San Diego, CA] Seven® Plus™, Medtronic Diabetes [Northridge, CA] Guardian®, and Dexcom G4® Platinum) to oral acetaminophen in 10 healthy volunteers without diabetes. Microdialysis catheters were placed in the abdominal subcutaneous tissue. Blood and microdialysate samples were collected periodically and analyzed for glucose and acetaminophen concentrations before and after oral ingestion of 1 g of acetaminophen. We compared the response of CGM sensors with the measured acetaminophen concentrations in the blood and interstitial fluid. Results: Although plasma glucose concentrations remained constant at approximately 90 mg/dL (approximately 5 mM) throughout the study, CGM glucose measurements varied between approximately 85 to 400 mg/dL (from approximately 5 to 22 mM) due to interference from the acetaminophen. The temporal profile of CGM interference followed acetaminophen concentrations measured in interstitial fluid (ISF). Conclusions: This is the first direct measurement of ISF concentrations of putative CGM interferences with simultaneous measurements of CGM performance in the presence of the interferences. The observed interference with glucose measurements in the tested CGM devices coincided temporally with appearance of acetaminophen in the ISF. The method applied here can be used to determine the susceptibility of current and future CGM systems to interference from acetaminophen or other exogenous pharmacologic agents. PMID:26784129
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76 FR 8355 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection Requests
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-02-14
...: 819,932. Abstract: Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) is a system of surveys designed to collect basic data from approximately 7,000 Title IV postsecondary institutions in the United...
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wüst, Sabine; Wendt, Verena; Linz, Ricarda; Bittner, Michael
2017-09-01
Cubic splines with equidistant spline sampling points are a common method in atmospheric science, used for the approximation of background conditions by means of filtering superimposed fluctuations from a data series. What is defined as background or superimposed fluctuation depends on the specific research question. The latter also determines whether the spline or the residuals - the subtraction of the spline from the original time series - are further analysed.Based on test data sets, we show that the quality of approximation of the background state does not increase continuously with an increasing number of spline sampling points and/or decreasing distance between two spline sampling points. Splines can generate considerable artificial oscillations in the background and the residuals.We introduce a repeating spline approach which is able to significantly reduce this phenomenon. We apply it not only to the test data but also to TIMED-SABER temperature data and choose the distance between two spline sampling points in a way that is sensitive for a large spectrum of gravity waves.
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Dual-tracer background subtraction approach for fluorescent molecular tomography
Holt, Robert W.; El-Ghussein, Fadi; Davis, Scott C.; Samkoe, Kimberley S.; Gunn, Jason R.; Leblond, Frederic
2013-01-01
Abstract. Diffuse fluorescence tomography requires high contrast-to-background ratios to accurately reconstruct inclusions of interest. This is a problem when imaging the uptake of fluorescently labeled molecularly targeted tracers in tissue, which can result in high levels of heterogeneously distributed background uptake. We present a dual-tracer background subtraction approach, wherein signal from the uptake of an untargeted tracer is subtracted from targeted tracer signal prior to image reconstruction, resulting in maps of targeted tracer binding. The approach is demonstrated in simulations, a phantom study, and in a mouse glioma imaging study, demonstrating substantial improvement over conventional and homogenous background subtraction image reconstruction approaches. PMID:23292612
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Supporting Military Families with Young Children throughout the Deployment Lifecycle
2016-10-01
Families and Strong Parents intervention to families (N=124) 13-39 Ongoing Task 4: Conduct posttest assessment interview (+3 months from pretest ) 16...approximately one month to obtain participants from the first deploying group , and approximately 2 months for the next several deploying groups . This...Unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT U.S. military service since the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks has placed tremendous demands on
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USSR and Eastern Europe Scientific Abstracts, Engineering and Equipment, Number 31
1977-04-18
average coefficient of air absorption is computed by the method of approximate replacement of the real spectrum by the graduated one. The entire range...end of transition area with an accuracy of 15%. Figures 5; References 7. USSR UDC 541.24:532.5 PARAMETRIC METHOD OF CALCULATION OF THERMODYNAMIC...12, 1976 Abstract No 12B723 by V. A. Polyanskiy] GLEBOV, G. A., and KOSHKIN, V. K. [Text] A method is presented for calculation of thermodynamic
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Photodissociation of cyanoacetylene: Application to the atmospheric chemistry of Titan
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Clarke, David W.; Ferris, James P.
1995-01-01
The quantum yield and reaction threshold for the photochemical dissociation of cyanoacetylene into a hydrogen atom and the cyanoethynyl radical have been determined. The quantum yield at 185 nm is approximately 0.09. The threshold is approximately 240 nm. Combination of this data with literature values shows that production of excited-state cyanoacetylene is the major primary process resulting from irradiation between 185 and 254 nm. Also determined are the relative rate constants for the abstraction of a hydrogen atom from hydrogen, methane, and ethane by the cyanoethynyl radical (k(H2):k(CH4):k(C2H6) = 1:9.3:63). Implications of these results for the proposal that hydrogen abstraction plays an important role in the conversion of methane to ethane and in the protection of unsaturated compounds from photoconsumption in the atmosphere of Titan are discussed.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Harrison, F. A.; Aird, J.; Civano, F.; Lansbury, G.; Mullaney, J. R.; Ballentyne, D. R.; Alexander, D. M.; Stern, D.; Ajello, M.; Barret, D.;
2016-01-01
We present the 3-8 kiloelectronvolts and 8-24 kiloelectronvolts number counts of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) identified in the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) extragalactic surveys. NuSTAR has now resolved 33 percent -39 percent of the X-ray background in the 8-24 kiloelectronvolts band, directly identifying AGNs with obscuring columns up to approximately 10 (exp 25) per square centimeter. In the softer 3-8 kiloelectronvolts band the number counts are in general agreement with those measured by XMM-Newton and Chandra over the flux range 5 times 10 (exp -15) less than or approximately equal to S (3-8 kiloelectronvolts) divided by ergs per second per square centimeter less than or approximately equal to 10 (exp -12) probed by NuSTAR. In the hard 8-24 kiloelectronvolts band NuSTAR probes fluxes over the range 2 times 10 (exp -14) less than or approximately equal to S (8-24 kiloelectronvolts) divided by ergs per second per square centimeter less than or approximately equal to 10 (exp -12), a factor approximately 100 times fainter than previous measurements. The 8-24 kiloelectronvolts number counts match predictions from AGN population synthesis models, directly confirming the existence of a population of obscured and/or hard X-ray sources inferred from the shape of the integrated cosmic X-ray background. The measured NuSTAR counts lie significantly above simple extrapolation with a Euclidian slope to low flux of the Swift/BAT15-55 kiloelectronvolts number counts measured at higher fluxes (S (15-55 kiloelectronvolts) less than or approximately equal to 10 (exp -11) ergs per second per square centimeter), reflecting the evolution of the AGN population between the Swift/BAT local (redshift is less than 0.1) sample and NuSTAR's redshift approximately equal to 1 sample. CXB (Cosmic X-ray Background) synthesis models, which account for AGN evolution, lie above the Swift/BAT measurements, suggesting that they do not fully capture the evolution of obscured AGNs at low redshifts
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Abstraction in perceptual symbol systems.
Barsalou, Lawrence W
2003-01-01
After reviewing six senses of abstraction, this article focuses on abstractions that take the form of summary representations. Three central properties of these abstractions are established: ( i ) type-token interpretation; (ii) structured representation; and (iii) dynamic realization. Traditional theories of representation handle interpretation and structure well but are not sufficiently dynamical. Conversely, connectionist theories are exquisitely dynamic but have problems with structure. Perceptual symbol systems offer an approach that implements all three properties naturally. Within this framework, a loose collection of property and relation simulators develops to represent abstractions. Type-token interpretation results from binding a property simulator to a region of a perceived or simulated category member. Structured representation results from binding a configuration of property and relation simulators to multiple regions in an integrated manner. Dynamic realization results from applying different subsets of property and relation simulators to category members on different occasions. From this standpoint, there are no permanent or complete abstractions of a category in memory. Instead, abstraction is the skill to construct temporary online interpretations of a category's members. Although an infinite number of abstractions are possible, attractors develop for habitual approaches to interpretation. This approach provides new ways of thinking about abstraction phenomena in categorization, inference, background knowledge and learning. PMID:12903648
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Parameter estimation in nonlinear distributed systems - Approximation theory and convergence results
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Banks, H. T.; Reich, Simeon; Rosen, I. G.
1988-01-01
An abstract approximation framework and convergence theory is described for Galerkin approximations applied to inverse problems involving nonlinear distributed parameter systems. Parameter estimation problems are considered and formulated as the minimization of a least-squares-like performance index over a compact admissible parameter set subject to state constraints given by an inhomogeneous nonlinear distributed system. The theory applies to systems whose dynamics can be described by either time-independent or nonstationary strongly maximal monotonic operators defined on a reflexive Banach space which is densely and continuously embedded in a Hilbert space. It is demonstrated that if readily verifiable conditions on the system's dependence on the unknown parameters are satisfied, and the usual Galerkin approximation assumption holds, then solutions to the approximating problems exist and approximate a solution to the original infinite-dimensional identification problem.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Not Available
Abstracts of 134 papers which were presented at the Actinides-1981 conference are presented. Approximately half of these papers deal with electronic structure of the actinides. Others deal with solid state chemistry, nuclear physic, thermodynamic properties, solution chemistry, and applied chemistry.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kotz, Arnold; Redondo, Rory
Presented is the user's manual for the Educational Manpower Information Sources Project (EMAP), an information file containing approximately 325 document abstracts related to the field of educational planning. (The EMAP file is described in document SP 006 747.) (JB)
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Chemical properties which control selectivity and efficacy of aromatic N-oxide bioreductive drugs.
Wardman, P.; Priyadarsini, K. I.; Dennis, M. F.; Everett, S. A.; Naylor, M. A.; Patel, K. B.; Stratford, I. J.; Stratford, M. R.; Tracy, M.
1996-01-01
Pulse radiolysis was used to generate radicals from one electron reduction of 1,2,4-benzotriazine-1,4-dioxides (derivatives of tirapazamine), and of imidazo [1,2-a]quinoxaline-4-oxides (analogues of RB90740), which have selective toxicity towards hypoxic cells. Radicals from the mono N-oxides (from the latter compounds) react with oxygen approximately 10-40 times faster than does the tirapazamine radical. Radicals from the tirapazamine analogues studied react with oxygen up to approximately 10 times slower than tirapazamine radicals. The quinoxaline N-oxide radicals are involved in prototropic equilibria with pK(a) values (5.5 to 7.4) spanning that reported for tirapazamine (6.0). Generation of radicals radiolytically in the presence of H donors (formate, 2-propanol, deoxyribose) indicate a chain reaction ascribed to H abstraction by the drug radical. The protonated drug radical is much more reactive than the radical anion (H abstraction rate constant approximately equal to 10(2) - 10(3) dm3 mol-1 s-1). Chain termination is ascribed to drug radical-radical reactions, i.e. radical stability in anoxia, with rate constants 2k approximately equal to 1 x 10(7) to 2 x 10(8) dm3 mol-1 s-1 at pH approximately 7.4. Estimates of the reduction potentials of the drug-radical couples in water at pH 7 for two of the mono-N-oxides were in the range-0.7 to 0.8 V vs NHE at pH 7. PMID:8763850
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rosen, I. G.
1985-01-01
Rayleigh-Ritz methods for the approximation of the natural modes for a class of vibration problems involving flexible beams with tip bodies using subspaces of piecewise polynomial spline functions are developed. An abstract operator theoretic formulation of the eigenvalue problem is derived and spectral properties investigated. The existing theory for spline-based Rayleigh-Ritz methods applied to elliptic differential operators and the approximation properties of interpolatory splines are useed to argue convergence and establish rates of convergence. An example and numerical results are discussed.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Gibson, J. S.; Rosen, I. G.
1986-01-01
An abstract approximation framework is developed for the finite and infinite time horizon discrete-time linear-quadratic regulator problem for systems whose state dynamics are described by a linear semigroup of operators on an infinite dimensional Hilbert space. The schemes included the framework yield finite dimensional approximations to the linear state feedback gains which determine the optimal control law. Convergence arguments are given. Examples involving hereditary and parabolic systems and the vibration of a flexible beam are considered. Spline-based finite element schemes for these classes of problems, together with numerical results, are presented and discussed.
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Alternatives to Pyrotechnic Distress Signals; Additional Signal Evaluation
2017-06-01
conducted a series of laboratory experiments designed to determine the optimal signal color and temporal pattern for identification against a variety of...practice” trials at approximately 2030 local time and began the actual Test 1 observation trials at approximately 2130. The series of trials finished at...Lewandowski , 860-271-2692, email: M.J.Lewandowski@uscg.mil 16. Abstract (MAXIMUM 200 WORDS) This report is the fourth in a series that details work
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Formal modeling of a system of chemical reactions under uncertainty.
Ghosh, Krishnendu; Schlipf, John
2014-10-01
We describe a novel formalism representing a system of chemical reactions, with imprecise rates of reactions and concentrations of chemicals, and describe a model reduction method, pruning, based on the chemical properties. We present two algorithms, midpoint approximation and interval approximation, for construction of efficient model abstractions with uncertainty in data. We evaluate computational feasibility by posing queries in computation tree logic (CTL) on a prototype of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway.
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Biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy: what does it mean?
Tourinho-Barbosa, Rafael; Srougi, Victor; Nunes-Silva, Igor; Baghdadi, Mohammed; Rembeyo, Gregory; Eiffel, Sophie S.; Barret, Eric; Rozet, Francois; Galiano, Marc; Cathelineau, Xavier; Sanchez-Salas, Rafael
2018-01-01
ABSTRACT Background Radical prostatectomy (RP) has been used as the main primary treatment for prostate cancer (PCa) for many years with excellent oncologic results. However, approximately 20-40% of those patients has failed to RP and presented biochemical recurrence (BCR). Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) has been the pivotal tool for recurrence diagnosis, but there is no consensus about the best PSA threshold to define BCR until this moment. The natural history of BCR after surgical procedure is highly variable, but it is important to distinguish biochemical and clinical recurrence and to find the correct timing to start multimodal treatment strategy. Also, it is important to understand the role of each clinical and pathological feature of prostate cancer in BCR, progression to metastatic disease and cancer specific mortality (CSM). Review design A simple review was made in Medline for articles written in English language about biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Objective To provide an updated assessment of BCR definition, its meaning, PCa natural history after BCR and the weight of each clinical/pathological feature and risk group classifications in BCR, metastatic disease and CSM. PMID:29039897
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The short term fetal cardiovascular effects of corticosteroids used in obstetrics
Shand, Antonia; Welsh, Alec
2015-01-01
Abstract Background: Corticosteroids are widely used in obstetrics due to their striking effect on perinatal morbidity and mortality of premature neonates. Despite this, relatively few studies have explored short term fetal effects of corticosteroids as measured by ultrasound. Objectives: 1) To present a literature review of short term fetal cardiovascular effects of corticosteroids 2) To describe the protocol of a current observational study (SUPER‐A*STEROID) of cardiovascular effects of dexamethasone and betamethasone in the first week after their administration. This trial is nested within the A*STEROID blinded multicentre randomised controlled trial of the two steroid preparations. Findings: Existing data suggest corticosteroids have little effect on the major measured fetal blood vessels when the baseline ultrasound is normal. In the compromised fetus, where the umbilical artery end‐diastolic flow is abnormal prior to maternal corticosteroids, flow is temporarily restored in approximately 50% of cases. Whether such changes are beneficial is uncertain. Very little data exist that directly compare the short‐term effects of betamethasone and dexamethasone. The SUPER‐ A*STEROID study described will help provide this information. PMID:28191187
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Feitosa, Rodrigo Machado; Vasconcelos, Heraldo Luis; Maravalhas, Jonas
2016-01-01
Abstract Background The fungus-farming ant genus Cyatta (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) is represented by a single species, C. abscondita Sosa-Calvo et al., known from a few localities in Brazil (in the states of Ceará, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and the Distrito Federal), and a single locality in the Misiones province, Argentina. Cyatta is known to occur predominantly in savanna habitats and occasionally in the transition zones between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado. New information The new records reported here significantly expand the previously known distribution of Cyatta abscondita and provide further support for the intimate relation between this species and the savannas of South America. We report the first occurrence of the genus in southern Brazil (Paraná state) and the westernmost occurrence (Bolivia) of Cyatta abscondita, which extend its distribution approximately 1450 km to the west. Finally, we discuss the importance of mapping inconspicuous species in order to develop strategies for protecting endangered areas and to increase our understanding of the evolutionary history of organisms and biomes. PMID:27932931
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Association of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among university students in China
Wang, Yu-Hang; Shi, Zhou-Ting; Luo, Qian-Ying
2017-01-01
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate whether depressive symptoms are associated with suicidal ideation among university students in China. Five Chinese and English electronic databases (EBSCO, PubMed, Chinese Web of Knowledge, Wanfang, and Weipu) were searched to identify relevant studies. Cross-sectional studies published from 2000 to 2016 reporting about the association between depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among university students in China were used for meta-analysis to approximate the overall association between depression and suicidal ideation among university students in mainland China. StatsDirect 3 was used for meta-analysis of included literatures. Of 513 initially identified references, 44 studies were selected, including 88,431 participants with depressive symptoms. The combined odd ratio of the relationship was 2.174 (95% confidence interval: 2.027–2.333; P < 0.0001). There exists a moderate association between depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among university students in China, and depressive symptoms contribute to the development of suicidal ideation. In particular, university students from western regions of China, from nonmedical background, should be provided more psychological and clinical assistance. PMID:28353586
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Test Input Generation for Red-Black Trees using Abstraction
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Visser, Willem; Pasareanu, Corina S.; Pelanek, Radek
2005-01-01
We consider the problem of test input generation for code that manipulates complex data structures. Test inputs are sequences of method calls from the data structure interface. We describe test input generation techniques that rely on state matching to avoid generation of redundant tests. Exhaustive techniques use explicit state model checking to explore all the possible test sequences up to predefined input sizes. Lossy techniques rely on abstraction mappings to compute and store abstract versions of the concrete states; they explore under-approximations of all the possible test sequences. We have implemented the techniques on top of the Java PathFinder model checker and we evaluate them using a Java implementation of red-black trees.
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Development and evaluation of a quality score for abstracts
Timmer, Antje; Sutherland, Lloyd R; Hilsden, Robert J
2003-01-01
Background The evaluation of abstracts for scientific meetings has been shown to suffer from poor inter observer reliability. A measure was developed to assess the formal quality of abstract submissions in a standardized way. Methods Item selection was based on scoring systems for full reports, taking into account published guidelines for structured abstracts. Interrater agreement was examined using a random sample of submissions to the American Gastroenterological Association, stratified for research type (n = 100, 1992–1995). For construct validity, the association of formal quality with acceptance for presentation was examined. A questionnaire to expert reviewers evaluated sensibility items, such as ease of use and comprehensiveness. Results The index comprised 19 items. The summary quality scores showed good interrater agreement (intra class coefficient 0.60 – 0.81). Good abstract quality was associated with abstract acceptance for presentation at the meeting. The instrument was found to be acceptable by expert reviewers. Conclusion A quality index was developed for the evaluation of scientific meeting abstracts which was shown to be reliable, valid and useful. PMID:12581457
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Massanari, R M; Wilkerson, K; Streed, S A; Hierholzer, W J
1987-01-01
Proper reporting of discharge diagnoses, including complications of medical care, is essential for maximum recovery of revenues under the prospective reimbursement system. To evaluate the effectiveness of abstracting techniques in identifying nosocomial infections at discharge, discharge abstracts of patients with nosocomial infections were reviewed during September through November of 1984. Patients with nosocomial infections were identified using modified Centers for Disease Control (CDC) definitions and trained surveillance technicians. Records which did not include the diagnosis of nosocomial infections in the discharge abstract were identified, and potential lost revenues were estimated. We identified 631 infections in 498 patients. On average, only 57 per cent of the infections were properly recorded and coded in the discharge abstract. Of the additional monies which might be anticipated by the health care institution to assist in the cost of care of adverse events, approximately one-third would have been lost due to errors in coding in the discharge abstract. Although these lost revenues are substantial, they constitute but a small proportion of the potential costs to the institution when patients acquire nosocomial infections. PMID:3105338
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Sullivan, John P.; Zuanon, Jansen; Cox Fernandes, Cristina
2013-01-01
Abstract We describe two new, closely related species of toothed Brachyhypopomus (Hypopomidae: Gymnotiformes: Teleostei) from the central Amazon basin and create a new subgenus for them. Odontohypopomus, new subgenus of Brachyhypopomus, is diagnosed by (1) small teeth present on premaxillae; (2) medialmost two branchiostegal rays thin with blades oriented more vertically than remaining three rays; (3) background color in life (and to lesser extent in preservation) distinctly yellowish with head and sides peppered with small, widely spaced, very dark brown stellate chromatophores that greatly contrast with light background coloration; (4) a dark blotch or bar of subcutaneous pigment below the eye; (5) electric organ discharge waveform of very long duration (head-positive phase approx. 2 milliseconds or longer, head-negative phase shorter or absent) and slow pulse repetition rate (3–16 Hz). The type species of the new subgenus, Brachyhypopomus (Odontohypopomus) walteri sp. n., is diagnosed by the following additional character states: (1) subcutaneous dark pigment at base of orbit particularly prominent, (2) body semi-translucent and nearly bright yellow background coloration in life, (3) a biphasic electric organ discharge (EOD) waveform of very long duration (between 3.5 and 4 milliseconds at 25° C) with head-positive first phase significantly longer than second head-negative phase in both sexes. Brachyhypopomus (Odontohypopomus) bennetti sp. n. is diagnosed by two character states in addition to those used to diagnose the subgenus Odontohypopomus: (1) a deep electric organ, visible as large semi-transparent area, occupying approximately 14–17% body depth directly posterior to the abdominal cavity in combination with a short, but deep, caudal filament, and (2) a monophasic, head-positive EOD waveform, approximately 2.1 milliseconds in duration in both sexes. These are the only described rhamphichthyoid gymnotiforms with oral teeth, and Brachyhypopomus bennetti is the first Brachyhypopomus reported to have a monophasic (head-positive) EOD waveform. Unlike biphasic species, the waveform of its EOD is largely unaffected by tail damage from predators. Such injuries are common among specimens in our collections. This species’ preference for floating meadow habitat along the major channels of the Amazon River basin may put it at particularly high risk of predation and “tail grazing.” PMID:24167419
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Background Selection in Partially Selfing Populations
Roze, Denis
2016-01-01
Self-fertilizing species often present lower levels of neutral polymorphism than their outcrossing relatives. Indeed, selfing automatically increases the rate of coalescence per generation, but also enhances the effects of background selection and genetic hitchhiking by reducing the efficiency of recombination. Approximations for the effect of background selection in partially selfing populations have been derived previously, assuming tight linkage between deleterious alleles and neutral loci. However, loosely linked deleterious mutations may have important effects on neutral diversity in highly selfing populations. In this article, I use a general method based on multilocus population genetics theory to express the effect of a deleterious allele on diversity at a linked neutral locus in terms of moments of genetic associations between loci. Expressions for these genetic moments at equilibrium are then computed for arbitrary rates of selfing and recombination. An extrapolation of the results to the case where deleterious alleles segregate at multiple loci is checked using individual-based simulations. At high selfing rates, the tight linkage approximation underestimates the effect of background selection in genomes with moderate to high map length; however, another simple approximation can be obtained for this situation and provides accurate predictions as long as the deleterious mutation rate is not too high. PMID:27075726
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Cyg X-3: Not seen in high-energy gamma rays by COS-B
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Hermsen, W.; Bennett, K.; Bignami, G. F.; Bloemen, J. B. G. M.; Buccheri, R.; Caraveo, P. A.; Mayer-Hasselwander, H. A.; Oezel, M. E.; Pollock, A. M. T.; Strong, A. W.
1985-01-01
COS-B had Cyg X-3 within its field of view during 7 observation periods between 1975 and 1982 for in total approximately 300 days. In the skymaps (70 meV E 5000 meV) of the Cyg-X region produced for each of these observations and in the summed map, a broad complex structure is visible in the region 72 deg approximately less than 1 approximately less than 85 deg, approximately less than 5 deg. No resolved source structure is visible at the position of Cyg X-3, but a weak signal from Cyg X-3 could be hidden in the structured gamma-ray background. Therefore, the data has been searched for a 4.8 h timing signature, as well as for a source signal in the sky map in addition to the diffuse background structure as estimated from tracers of atomic and molecular gas.
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1990-08-04
approximation. The equations are solved with a finite - difference approximation scheme. A particular analysis has been devoted to the choice of the initial...closely spaced M. Grundmann, and D. Bimberg, Institut far Landau levels. With increasing field, the finiteness of Festkdrperphysik der Technischen...1990). formalism for phase coherent conductance between 4 F. Stern and W. E. Howard, Phys. Rev. 163, 816 different electron reservoirs: within the
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Galerkin approximation for inverse problems for nonautonomous nonlinear distributed systems
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Banks, H. T.; Reich, Simeon; Rosen, I. G.
1988-01-01
An abstract framework and convergence theory is developed for Galerkin approximation for inverse problems involving the identification of nonautonomous nonlinear distributed parameter systems. A set of relatively easily verified conditions is provided which are sufficient to guarantee the existence of optimal solutions and their approximation by a sequence of solutions to a sequence of approximating finite dimensional identification problems. The approach is based on the theory of monotone operators in Banach spaces and is applicable to a reasonably broad class of nonlinear distributed systems. Operator theoretic and variational techniques are used to establish a fundamental convergence result. An example involving evolution systems with dynamics described by nonstationary quasilinear elliptic operators along with some applications are presented and discussed.
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Human Factors in the 21st Century(Les facteurs humains au 21th siecle)
2002-05-01
abstract thinking so as to become a systems supervisor and ultimately, a systems manager. • Finally, we must not lose sight of the fact that the...information at the right level of abstraction may become the dominant theme. Human factors specialists with a strong background in cognition and deep...of the underlying system and then helping pilots acquire an accurate cognitive model of the system during training. Instruction about cockpit
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Alvarez, Sergio A; Winner, Ellen; Hawley-Dolan, Angelina; Snapper, Leslie
2015-01-01
People with no arts background often misunderstand abstract art as requiring no skill. However, adults with no art background discriminate paintings by abstract expressionists from superficially similar works by children and animals. We tested whether participants show different visual exploration when looking at paintings by artists' versus children or animals. Participants sat at an eye tracker and viewed paintings by artists paired with "similar" paintings by children or animals, and were asked which they preferred and which was better. Mean duration of eye gaze fixations, total fixation time, and spatial extent of visual exploration was greater to the artist than child or animal images in response to quality but not preference. Pupil dilation was greater to the artist images in response to both questions and greater in response to the quality than preference question. Explicit selections of images paralleled total fixation times: Participants selected at chance for preference, but selected the artist images above chance in response to quality. Results show that lay adults respond differently on both an implicit as well as explicit measure when thinking about preference versus quality in art and discriminate abstract paintings by artists from superficially similar works by children and animals, despite the popular misconception by the average viewer that "my kid could have done that." © The Author(s) 2015.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sharpanskykh, Alexei; Treur, Jan
Employing rich internal agent models of actors in large-scale socio-technical systems often results in scalability issues. The problem addressed in this paper is how to improve computational properties of a complex internal agent model, while preserving its behavioral properties. The problem is addressed for the case of an existing affective-cognitive decision making model instantiated for an emergency scenario. For this internal decision model an abstracted behavioral agent model is obtained, which ensures a substantial increase of the computational efficiency at the cost of approximately 1% behavioural error. The abstraction technique used can be applied to a wide range of internal agent models with loops, for example, involving mutual affective-cognitive interactions.
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Quasistatic Evolution in Perfect Plasticity for General Heterogeneous Materials
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Solombrino, Francesco
2014-04-01
Inspired by some recent developments in the theory of small-strain heterogeneous elastoplasticity, we both revisit and generalize the formulation of the quasistatic evolutionary problem in perfect plasticity given by Francfort and Giacomini (Commun Pure Appl Math, 65:1185-1241, 2012). We show that their definition of the plastic dissipation measure is equivalent to an abstract one, where it is defined as the supremum of the dualities between the deviatoric parts of admissible stress fields and the plastic strains. By means of this abstract definition, a viscoplastic approximation and variational techniques from the theory of rate-independent processes give the existence of an evolution satisfying an energy-dissipation balance and consequently Hill's maximum plastic work principle for an abstract and very large class of yield conditions.
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Cushman, R. M. [CDIAC, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (USA); Strain, Boyd R. [Department of Botany, Duke University, Durham, NC (USA); Cure, Jennifer D. [Department of Botany, Duke University, Durham, NC (USA)
1994-06-01
The printed publication provides bibliographic citations and abstracts on recent literature concerning the direct effects of elevated atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) on plants and ecosystems. The report is an update to Direct Effects of Atmospheric CO{sub 2} Enrichment on Plants and Ecosystems: A Bibliography with Abstracts (ORNL/CDIC-13), also by Boyd R. Strain and Jennifer D. Cure, which was published in 1986. The updated bibliography provides complete bibliographic citations, abstracts, keywords, and common and scientific plant names for approximately 800 references published between 1980 and 1994 (half the cited references were published in 1990 or later). The data base is available as bibliographic files in several formats.
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Gene-Specific Demethylation as Targeted Therapy in MDS
2017-07-01
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by bone marrow failure and...clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by bone marrow failure and risk of progression to Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in approximately 30 percent
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Re-Os in Lunar Soils and Meteoritic Siderophiles on the Lunar Surface
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Chen, J. H.; Papanastassiou, D. A.; Wasserburg, G. J.
2001-01-01
Re-Os isotopes in lunar soils indicate approximately chondritic Re, Os, and Os isotopic compositions and substantial Re/Os fractionation, possibly due to the terminal lunar cataclysm. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Lee, R.C.
1983-01-13
This report is a compilation of abstracts resulting from a literature search of reports relevant to Sentry Ballistic missile system C3 vulnerability and hardness. Primary sources consulted were the DOD Nuclear Information Analysis Center (DASIAC) and the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC). Approximately 175 reports were reviewed and abstracted, including several related to computer programs for estimating nuclear effects on electromagnetic propagation. The reports surveyed were ranked in terms of their importance for Sentry C3 VandH issues.
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TQM: A bibliography with abstracts. [total quality management
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Gottlich, Gretchen L. (Editor)
1992-01-01
This document is designed to function as a special resource for NASA Langley scientists, engineers, and managers during the introduction and development of total quality management (TQM) practices at the Center. It lists approximately 300 bibliographic citations for articles and reports dealing with various aspects of TQM. Abstracts are also available for the majority of the citations. Citations are organized by broad subject areas, including case studies, customer service, senior management, leadership, communication tools, TQM basics, applications, and implementation. An introduction and indexes provide additional information on arrangement and availability of these materials.
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Chong, Simon W; Collins, Neil F; Wu, Christine Y; Liskaser, Grace M; Peyton, Philip J
2016-06-01
Many areas of medicine have shown bias towards the publication of studies with positive results. To estimate publication bias in the anesthesia literature, we reviewed all abstracts presented at the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) annual meetings over a four-year period and compared study results (positive vs negative) with publication outcomes. This review included all abstracts from the 2001-2004 ASA annual meetings performed as randomized-controlled trials in humans. We scored their outcome results as positive or negative and assessed abstract quality using a 13-point scoring system. We then performed a systematic literature search to identify any subsequent publication of the studies and calculated the relative risk (RR) for journal publication by comparing positive vs negative studies. Of 5,918 abstracts reviewed, 1,052 met inclusion criteria, and 564 (53.6%) of the abstracts proceeded to publication. The RR for abstracts with positive results proceeding to journal publication was 1.42 (95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 1.66; P < 0.001). This result did not change significantly after adjusting for study size and abstract quality score during logistic regression modelling. There was no significant difference in the abstract quality score between positive vs negative studies or between abstracts proceeding vs not proceeding to publication. Approximately half of the ASA annual meeting abstracts proceed to publication. After adjustment for study quality and size, abstracts with positive results were more likely to proceed to journal publication than those with negative results, suggesting publication bias in the anesthesia literature.
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Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Trigonaloidea
2016-01-01
Abstract Background The British and Irish checklist of Trigonaloidea comprises a single species, Pseudogonalos hahnii(Spinola), which is the only species in Europe. New information Country-level distribution and nomenclature of Pseudogonalos hahniiare updated. PMID:27226749
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PS2-06: Best Practices for Advancing Multi-site Chart Abstraction Research
Blick, Noelle; Cole, Deanna; King, Colleen; Riordan, Rick; Von Worley, Ann; Yarbro, Patty
2012-01-01
Background/Aims Multi-site chart abstraction studies are becoming increasingly common within the HMORN. Differences in systems among HMORN sites can pose significant obstacles to the success of these studies. It is therefore crucial to standardize abstraction activities by following best practices for multi-site chart abstraction, as consistency of processes across sites will increase efficiencies and enhance data quality. Methods Over the past few months the authors have been meeting to identify obstacles to multi-site chart abstraction and to address ways in which multi-site chart abstraction processes can be systemized and standardized. The aim of this workgroup is to create a best practice guide for multi-site chart abstraction studies. Focus areas include: abstractor training, format for chart abstraction (database, paper, etc), data quality, redaction, mechanism for transferring data, site specific access to medical records, IRB/HIPAA concerns, and budgetary issues. Results The results of the workgroup’s efforts (the best practice guide) will be presented by a panel of experts at the 2012 HMORN conference. The presentation format will also focus on discussion among attendees to elicit further input and to identify areas that need to be further addressed. Subsequently, the best practice guide will be posted on the HMORN website. Discussion The best practice guide for multi-site chart abstraction studies will establish sound guidelines and serve as an aid to researchers embarking on multi-site chart abstraction studies. Efficiencies and data quality will be further enhanced with standardized multi-site chart abstraction practices.
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Hsieh, Mei-Chin; Mumphrey, Brent; Pareti, Lisa; Yi, Yong; Wu, Xiao-Cheng
2017-01-01
BACKGROUND: In order to comply with the Louisiana legislative obligation and meet funding agencies’ requirement of case completeness for 12-month data submission, hospital cancer registries are mandated to submit cancer incidence data to the Louisiana Tumor Registry (LTR) within 6 months of diagnosis. However, enforcing compliance with timely reporting may result in incomplete data on adjuvant treatment received by the LTR. Although additional treatment information can be obtained via retransmission of the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR)–modified abstracts, consolidating multiple NAACCR-modified abstracts for the same case is extremely time consuming. To avoid a huge amount of work while obtaining timely and complete data, the LTR has requested hospital cancer registries resubmit their data 15 months after the close of the diagnosis year. The purpose of this report is to assess the improvement in the completeness of data items related to treatment, staging and site specific factors. METHODS: The LTR requested that hospital cancer registries resubmit 15-month data between April 1, 2016 and April 15, 2016 for cases diagnosed in 2014. Microsoft Visual Studio Visual Basic script was used to link and compare resubmitted data with existing data in the LTR database. Data elements used for matching same patient/tumor were name, Social Security number, date of birth, primary site, laterality, and hospital identifier number. Treatment data items were compared as known vs none/ unknown and known vs known with different code. Matched records with updated information were imported into the LTR database and flagged as modified abstract records for manual consolidation. Nonmatched records were also loaded in the LTR database as potential new cases for further investigation. RESULTS: A total of 25,207 resubmitted NAACCR abstracts were received from 38 hospitals and freestanding radiation centers. About 11.1% had at least 1 update related to treatment and/or other data item; an average of 3.3 updates per updated abstract. The majority of the updates (45.7%) for treatment were changes from none/unknown to known value and 42.6% of the updates were related to radiation treatment fields. In addition, 172 potential new cases were identified. Approximately 10.5% (18 cases) of these new cases were confirmed to be truly missed cases after investigation. CONCLUSION: The 15-month data resubmission is a cost-effective approach to obtaining complete information on treatment and other key data items from reporting facilities and can also be used to identify potential missed cases.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Arkhangelskaja, I. V.; Arkhangelskiy, A. I.
2016-02-01
The gamma-ray background physical origin for low altitude orbits defined by: diffuse cosmic gamma-emission, atmospheric gamma-rays, gamma-emission formed in interactions of charged particles (both prompt and activation) and transient events such as electrons precipitations and solar flares. The background conditions in the energy range from 0.1 MeV up to several MeV for low altitude orbits differ due to frequency of Earth Radiation Belts - ERBs (included South Atlantic Anomaly - SAA) passes and cosmic rays rigidity. The detectors and satellite constructive elements are activated by trapped in ERBs and moving along magnetic lines charged particles. In this case we propose simplified polynomial model separately for polar and equatorial orbits parts: background count rate temporal profile approximation by 4-5 order polynomials in equatorial regions, and linear approximations, parabolas or constants in polar caps. The polynomials’ coefficients supposed to be similar for identical spectral channels for each analyzed equatorial part taken into account normalization coefficients defined due to Kp-indexes study within period corresponding to calibration coefficients being approximately constants. The described model was successfully applied for the solar flares hard X-ray and gamma-ray emission characteristic studies by AVS-F apparatus data onboard CORONAS-F satellite.
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Gürses, İlke Ali; Gayretli, Özcan; Gürtekin, Başak; Öztürk, Adnan
2017-01-01
Background: Despite significant efforts made for, most abstracts presented during a meeting do not proceed and publish as a manuscript in scientific journals. Aims: To investigate publication rates of national anatomy congresses. Study Design: Descriptive study. Methods: All abstracts presented at two annual meetings in 2007 and 2008 were extracted. PubMed and Google Scholar database search used for publication history. Presentation and study types, publication rates and mean publishing times were evaluated. Inconsistency rates between meeting abstract and final published article were also considered. Results: Among 342 abstracts, 195 (57%) were followed by a full-text article. Publication rates for oral and poster presentations were 75% and 52.2%, respectively. The mean publication time was 23.7±23 months. Overall, 89.2% of the articles were published within 5 years. There were no inconsistencies in 50 (25.6%) articles, while 145 (74.4%) had inconsistencies compared to the abstracts presented at the congress. Getting adequate information for 45 (23.1%) articles was not possible. There was no standard reporting format for the abstracts. Conclusion: Our study shows that, overall publication rates for abstracts presented at national anatomy meetings were higher than those presented at national meetings for clinical specialties. PMID:28251026
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Feasibility study of algae-based CO2 capture
Abstract: The biomass of microalgae contains approximately 50% carbon, which is commonly obtained from the atmosphere, but can also be taken from commercial sources that produce CO2, such as coal-fired power plants. A study of operational demonstration projects is being underta...
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Inclusive Schools. Topical Bibliography on Inclusive Schools.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sorenson, Barbara, Comp.; Drill, Janet, Comp.
This abstract bibliography of approximately 200 references looks at various aspects of inclusive schools. References are a result of computer searches of three databases: the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC), Exceptional Child Education Resources, and the Western Regional Resources Center. Preliminary information includes directions…
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Static Analysis Numerical Algorithms
2016-04-01
represented by a collection of intervals (one for each variable) or a convex polyhedron (each dimension of the affine space representing a program variable...Another common abstract domain uses a set of linear constraints (i.e. an enclosing polyhedron ) to over-approximate the joint values of several
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Legume genomics: Understanding biology through DNA and RNA sequencing
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Background. The legume family (Leguminosae) consists of approximately 17,000 species. A few of these species including, but not limited to; Phaseolus vulgaris, Cicer arietinum, and Cajanus cajan, are important dietary components, providing the dietary protein for approximately 300 million people wor...
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An approximation theory for the identification of nonlinear distributed parameter systems
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Banks, H. T.; Reich, Simeon; Rosen, I. G.
1988-01-01
An abstract approximation framework for the identification of nonlinear distributed parameter systems is developed. Inverse problems for nonlinear systems governed by strongly maximal monotone operators (satisfying a mild continuous dependence condition with respect to the unknown parameters to be identified) are treated. Convergence of Galerkin approximations and the corresponding solutions of finite dimensional approximating identification problems to a solution of the original finite dimensional identification problem is demonstrated using the theory of nonlinear evolution systems and a nonlinear analog of the Trotter-Kato approximation result for semigroups of bounded linear operators. The nonlinear theory developed here is shown to subsume an existing linear theory as a special case. It is also shown to be applicable to a broad class of nonlinear elliptic operators and the corresponding nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations to which they lead. An application of the theory to a quasilinear model for heat conduction or mass transfer is discussed.
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Cosmic background radiation anisotropy in an open inflation, cold dark matter cosmogony
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Kamionkowski, Marc; Ratra, Bharat; Spergel, David N.; Sugiyama, Naoshi
1994-01-01
We compute the cosmic background radiation anisotropy, produced by energy-density fluctuations generated during an early epoch of inflation, in an open cosmological model based on the cold dark matter scenario. At Omega(sub 0) is approximately 0.3-0.4, the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) normalized open model appears to be consistent with most observations.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Eck, T. F.; Holben, B. N.; Reid, J. S.; Sinyuk, A.; Hyer, E. J.; O'Neill, N. T.; Shaw, G. E.; VandeCastle, J. R.; Chapin, F. S.; Dubovik, O.;
2010-01-01
Long-term monitoring of aerosol optical properties at a boreal forest AERONET site in interior Alaska was performed from 1994 through 2008 (excluding winter). Large interannual variability was observed, with some years showing near background aerosol optical depth (AOD) levels (<0.1 at 500 nm) while 2004 and 2005 had August monthly means similar in magnitude to peak months at major tropical biomass burning regions. Single scattering albedo (omega (sub 0); 440 nm) at the boreal forest site ranged from approximately 0.91 to 0.99 with an average of approximately 0.96 for observations in 2004 and 2005. This suggests a significant amount of smoldering combustion of woody fuels and peat/soil layers that would result in relatively low black carbon mass fractions for smoke particles. The fine mode particle volume median radius during the heavy burning years was quite large, averaging approximately 0.17 micron at AOD(440 nm) = 0.1 and increasing to approximately 0.25 micron at AOD(440 nm) = 3.0. This large particle size for biomass burning aerosols results in a greater relative scattering component of extinction and, therefore, also contributes to higher omega (sub 0). Additionally, monitoring at an Arctic Ocean coastal site (Barrow, Alaska) suggested transport of smoke to the Arctic in summer resulting in individual events with much higher AOD than that occurring during typical spring Arctic haze. However, the springtime mean AOD(500 nm) is higher during late March through late May (approximately 0.150) than during summer months (approximately 0.085) at Barrow partly due to very few days with low background AOD levels in spring compared with many days with clean background conditions in summer.
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Large-angle cosmic microwave background anisotropies in an open universe
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Kamionkowski, Marc; Spergel, David N.
1994-01-01
If the universe is open, scales larger than the curvature scale may be probed by observation of large-angle fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We consider primordial adiabatic perturbations and discuss power spectra that are power laws in volume, wavelength, and eigenvalue of the Laplace operator. Such spectra may have arisen if, for example, the universe underwent a period of `frustated' inflation. The resulting large-angle anisotropies of the CMB are computed. The amplitude generally increases as Omega is decreased but decreases as h is increased. Interestingly enough, for all three Ansaetze, anisotropies on angular scales larger than the curvature scale are suppressed relative to the anisotropies on scales smaller than the curvature scale, but cosmic variance makes discrimination between various models difficult. Models with 0.2 approximately less than Omega h approximately less than 0.3 appear compatible with CMB fluctuations detected by Cosmic Background Explorer Satellite (COBE) and the Tenerife experiment and with the amplitude and spectrum of fluctuations of galaxy counts in the APM, CfA, and 1.2 Jy IRAS surveys. COBE normalization for these models yields sigma(sub 8) approximately = 0.5 - 0.7. Models with smaller values of Omega h when normalized to COBE require bias factors in excess of 2 to be compatible with the observed galaxy counts on the 8/h Mpc scale. Requiring that the age of the universe exceed 10 Gyr implies that Omega approximately greater than 0.25, while requiring that from the last-scattering term in the Sachs-Wolfe formula, large-angle anisotropies come primarily from the decay of potential fluctuations at z approximately less than 1/Omega. Thus, if the universe is open, COBE has been detecting temperature fluctuations produced at moderate redshift rather than at z approximately 1300.
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Generative electronic background music system
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Mazurowski, Lukasz
In this short paper-extended abstract the new approach to generation of electronic background music has been presented. The Generative Electronic Background Music System (GEBMS) has been located between other related approaches within the musical algorithm positioning framework proposed by Woller et al. The music composition process is performed by a number of mini-models parameterized by further described properties. The mini-models generate fragments of musical patterns used in output composition. Musical pattern and output generation are controlled by container for the mini-models - a host-model. General mechanism has been presented including the example of the synthesized output compositions.
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Scaling Factor Variability and Toxicokinetic Outcomes in Children
Abstract title: Scaling Factor Variability and Toxicokinetic Outcomes in ChildrenBackgroundBiotransformation rates (Vmax) extrapolated from in vitro data are used increasingly in human physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. PBPK models are widely used in human hea...
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Background characterization of an ultra-low background liquid scintillation counter
Erchinger, J. L.; Orrell, John L.; Aalseth, C. E.; ...
2017-01-26
The Ultra-Low Background Liquid Scintillation Counter developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory will expand the application of liquid scintillation counting by enabling lower detection limits and smaller sample volumes. By reducing the overall count rate of the background environment approximately 2 orders of magnitude below that of commercially available systems, backgrounds on the order of tens of counts per day over an energy range of ~3–3600 keV can be realized. Finally, initial test results of the ULB LSC show promising results for ultra-low background detection with liquid scintillation counting.
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Bibliography on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) safety
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Ordin, P. M.
1976-01-01
Approximately 600 citations concerning safety of liquefied natural gas and liquid methane are presented. Each entry includes the title, author, abstract, source, description of figures, key references, and major descriptors for retrieving the document. An author index is provided as well as an index of descriptors.
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X-ray lasers. Citations from the International Aerospace Abstracts data base
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Mauk, S. C.
1980-01-01
Various aspects of X-ray lasers are discussed in approximately 122 citations. Included are laser plasmas and outputs, plasma radiation, far ultraviolet radiation, gamma rays, optical pumping, optical resonators, and electron transitions. Laser applications, laser materials, and laser fusion are also included.
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Estimate of the cosmological bispectrum from the MAXIMA-1 cosmic microwave background map.
Santos, M G; Balbi, A; Borrill, J; Ferreira, P G; Hanany, S; Jaffe, A H; Lee, A T; Magueijo, J; Rabii, B; Richards, P L; Smoot, G F; Stompor, R; Winant, C D; Wu, J H P
2002-06-17
We use the measurement of the cosmic microwave background taken during the MAXIMA-1 flight to estimate the bispectrum of cosmological perturbations. We propose an estimator for the bispectrum that is appropriate in the flat sky approximation, apply it to the MAXIMA-1 data, and evaluate errors using bootstrap methods. We compare the estimated value with what would be expected if the sky signal were Gaussian and find that it is indeed consistent, with a chi(2) per degree of freedom of approximately unity. This measurement places constraints on models of inflation.
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Fifth German-American Frontiers of Engineering Symposium
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
None, None
2002-05-01
The agenda book for the Fifth German-American Frontiers of Engineering Symposium contains abstracts of the 16 presentations as well as information on the program, bios of the speakers, contact information for all attendees, and background on the activity.
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AIDS in the Abstract: Teaching AIDS to Iowa Nurses.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kus, Robert J.; And Others
1989-01-01
Discusses continuing nursing education workshops in terms of their background, content, presenters, participants, strategies of presentation, changes that took place as a result of participant feedback, and evaluations. Discusses how the workshops affected the presenters personally. (Author/JOW)
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Prendergast, Sarah; Mattishent, Katharina; Broughton, Tom; Beales, Ian
2013-01-01
Background: Reports have suggested that academic medicine may be in decline within the UK. Further evidence suggests that rates of subsequent full publication of abstracts presented at major scientific meetings are low and may be declining. We have compared the publication rates of abstracts presented at meetings of the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) between 1995 and 2005 and examined factors associated with full paper publication. Methods: Abstracts presented at BSG meetings in 1995 and 2005 were assessed by cross-referencing with multiple databases. Abstract characteristics associated with publication were analysed. Results: There were no differences in overall publication rates, impact factors or time to publication between 1995 and 2005. Overall, basic-science abstracts were twice as likely to achieve full publication than non-basic science. There was a significant fall in the publication rates for case series and audits, and significantly increased rates for fundamental/basic-science abstracts over the study period. There were non-significant increases in publication rates for controlled trials and systematic reviews. In general, publication rates for all predominantly clinically orientated abstracts reduced between the two periods with the most notable fall occurring in nutrition. Conclusions: There was no evidence of a decline in overall abstract publication rates between 1995 and 2005. There seemed to be trend for increased publication rates of abstracts using perceived high-quality study methodologies with a corresponding decrease in those with lower quality methods. The proportion of basic-science abstracts is likely to be a determinant of overall full publication rates following scientific meetings.
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Students' Moral Reasoning as Related to Cultural Background and Educational Experience.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bar-Yam, Miriam; And Others
The relationship between moral development and cultural and educational background is examined. Approximately 120 Israeli youth representing different social classes, sex, religious affiliation, and educational experience were interviewed. The youth interviewed included urban middle and lower class students, Kibbutz-born, Youth Aliyah…
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Park, Subok; Gallas, Bradon D; Badano, Aldo; Petrick, Nicholas A; Myers, Kyle J
2007-04-01
A previous study [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A22, 3 (2005)] has shown that human efficiency for detecting a Gaussian signal at a known location in non-Gaussian distributed lumpy backgrounds is approximately 4%. This human efficiency is much less than the reported 40% efficiency that has been documented for Gaussian-distributed lumpy backgrounds [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A16, 694 (1999) and J. Opt. Soc. Am. A18, 473 (2001)]. We conducted a psychophysical study with a number of changes, specifically in display-device calibration and data scaling, from the design of the aforementioned study. Human efficiency relative to the ideal observer was found again to be approximately 5%. Our variance analysis indicates that neither scaling nor display made a statistically significant difference in human performance for the task. We conclude that the non-Gaussian distributed lumpy background is a major factor in our low human-efficiency results.
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Approximation of Bit Error Rates in Digital Communications
2007-06-01
and Technology Organisation DSTO—TN—0761 ABSTRACT This report investigates the estimation of bit error rates in digital communi- cations, motivated by...recent work in [6]. In the latter, bounds are used to construct estimates for bit error rates in the case of differentially coherent quadrature phase
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Optical memory system technology. Citations from the International Aerospace Abstracts data base
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Zollars, G. F.
1980-01-01
Approximately 213 citations from the international literature which concern the development of the optical data storage system technology are presented. Topics covered include holographic computer storage devices, crystal, magneto, and electro-optics, imaging techniques, in addition to optical data processing and storage.
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USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Technical Abstract. Molecular markers can provide clear insight into the introduction history of invasive species. However, inferences about recent introduction histories remain challenging, because of the stochastic demographic processes often involved. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) can he...
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Erchinger, J. L.; Orrell, John L.; Aalseth, C. E.
The Ultra-Low Background Liquid Scintillation Counter developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory will expand the application of liquid scintillation counting by enabling lower detection limits and smaller sample volumes. By reducing the overall count rate of the background environment approximately 2 orders of magnitude below that of commercially available systems, backgrounds on the order of tens of counts per day over an energy range of ~3–3600 keV can be realized. Finally, initial test results of the ULB LSC show promising results for ultra-low background detection with liquid scintillation counting.
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Approximation methods for inverse problems involving the vibration of beams with tip bodies
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rosen, I. G.
1984-01-01
Two cubic spline based approximation schemes for the estimation of structural parameters associated with the transverse vibration of flexible beams with tip appendages are outlined. The identification problem is formulated as a least squares fit to data subject to the system dynamics which are given by a hybrid system of coupled ordinary and partial differential equations. The first approximation scheme is based upon an abstract semigroup formulation of the state equation while a weak/variational form is the basis for the second. Cubic spline based subspaces together with a Rayleigh-Ritz-Galerkin approach were used to construct sequences of easily solved finite dimensional approximating identification problems. Convergence results are briefly discussed and a numerical example demonstrating the feasibility of the schemes and exhibiting their relative performance for purposes of comparison is provided.
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Taxonomic revision of Rochefortia Sw. (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales)
Irimia, Ramona-Elena
2016-01-01
Abstract Background Rochefortia is a small taxon of woody plants in the Ehretiaceae (Boraginales) exhibiting coriaceous leaves with cystoliths, small whitish flowers and drupaceous fruits containing four pyrenes. It shares the dioecious sex distribution with its sister group Lepidocordia and can be delimited from the latter (and all other Ehretiaceae) by the presence of thorns. Neotropical Rochefortia is distributed over most Caribbean islands, Central America and northern South America. Twenty-eight validly published names (corresponding to twenty-one typified taxa at the species level and below) are available in Rochefortia, but the precise number of species to be accepted has been elusive before this revision. New information In the course of the present revision, 353 herbarium collections, comprising approximately 540 Rochefortia specimens, were entried into a BRAHMS data base providing information about protologues and types and retrospective georeferences if possible. Based on the combination of molecular and morphological data we propose to recognise nine species of Rochefortia, namely R. acanthophora, R. bahamensis, R. barloventensis, R. cubensis, R. cuneata, R. lundellii, R. oblongata, R. spinosa and R. stellata (the remaining nineteen validly published names are synonymised under such names). Morphological description of each species and an identification key are provided. PMID:27346952
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Cost analysis of measles in refugees arriving at Los Angeles International Airport from Malaysia
Coleman, Margaret S.; Burke, Heather M.; Welstead, Bethany L.; Mitchell, Tarissa; Taylor, Eboni M.; Shapovalov, Dmitry; Maskery, Brian A.; Joo, Heesoo; Weinberg, Michelle
2017-01-01
ABSTRACT Background On August 24, 2011, 31 US-bound refugees from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (KL) arrived in Los Angeles. One of them was diagnosed with measles post-arrival. He exposed others during a flight, and persons in the community while disembarking and seeking medical care. As a result, 9 cases of measles were identified. Methods We estimated costs of response to this outbreak and conducted a comparative cost analysis examining what might have happened had all US-bound refugees been vaccinated before leaving Malaysia. Results State-by-state costs differed and variously included vaccination, hospitalization, medical visits, and contact tracing with costs ranging from $621 to $35,115. The total of domestic and IOM Malaysia reported costs for US-bound refugees were $137,505 [range: $134,531 - $142,777 from a sensitivity analysis]. Had all US-bound refugees been vaccinated while in Malaysia, it would have cost approximately $19,646 and could have prevented 8 measles cases. Conclusion A vaccination program for US-bound refugees, supporting a complete vaccination for US-bound refugees, could improve refugees' health, reduce importations of vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States, and avert measles response activities and costs. PMID:28068211
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Screening for celiac disease in the general population and in high-risk groups
Card, Timothy R; Kaukinen, Katri; Bai, Julio; Zingone, Fabiana; Sanders, David S; Murray, Joseph A
2015-01-01
Background Celiac disease (CD) occurs in approximately 1% of the Western population. It is a lifelong disorder that is associated with impaired quality of life (QOL) and an excessive risk of comorbidity and death. Objectives To review the literature on screening for CD in relation to the current World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for mass screening. Methods We performed a PubMed search to identify indexed papers on CD screening with a publication date from 1900 until 1 June 2014. When we deemed an abstract relevant, we read the corresponding paper in detail. Results CD fulfills several WHO criteria for mass screening (high prevalence, available treatment and difficult clinical detection), but it has not yet been established that treatment of asymptomatic CD may reduce the excessive risk of severe complications, leading to higher QOL nor that it is cost-effective. Conclusions Current evidence is not sufficient to support mass screening for CD, but active case-finding may be appropriate, as we recognize that most patients with CD will still be missed by this strategy. Although proof of benefit is still lacking, screening for CD may be appropriate in high-risk groups. PMID:25922671
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Hybrid de novo genome assembly of the Chinese herbal fleabane Erigeron breviscapus
Zhang, Guanghui; Zhang, Jing; Liu, Hui; Chen, Wei; Wang, Xiao; Li, Yahe
2017-01-01
Abstract Background: The plants in the Erigeron genus of the Compositae (Asteraceae) family are commonly called fleabanes, possibly due to the belief that certain chemicals in these plants repel fleas. In the traditional Chinese medicine, Erigeron breviscapus, which is native to China, was widely used in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease. A handful of bioactive compounds, including scutellarin, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, have been isolated from the plant. With the purpose of finding novel medicinal compounds and understanding their biosynthetic pathways, we propose to sequence the genome of E. breviscapus. Findings: We assembled the highly heterozygous E. breviscapus genome using a combination of PacBio single-molecular real-time sequencing and next-generation sequencing methods on the Illumina HiSeq platform. The final draft genome is approximately 1.2 Gb, with contig and scaffold N50 sizes of 18.8 kb and 31.5 kb, respectively. Further analyses predicted 37 504 protein-coding genes in the E. breviscapus genome and 8172 shared gene families among Compositae species. Conclusions: The E. breviscapus genome provides a valuable resource for the investigation of novel bioactive compounds in this Chinese herb. PMID:28431028
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Temperature and evaporative water loss of leaf-sitting frogs: the role of reflection spectra
Blount, Chris; Dickinson, Mark
2016-01-01
ABSTRACT The near infrared reflection peak in some frogs has been speculated to be either for enhancing crypticity, or to help them with thermoregulation. The theoretical background for the thermoregulatory processes has been established before, but little consideration has been given to the contribution from the frogs' reflection spectra differences. In this investigation, the reflection spectra from a range of different species of frogs were taken and combined with precise surface area measurements of frogs and an approximation to the mass transfer coefficient of agar frog models. These were then used to simulate the temperature and water evaporation in anurans with and without the near infrared reflective peak. We have shown that the presence of the near infrared reflection peak can contribute significantly to the temperature and evaporative water loss of a frog. The significance of the steady-state temperature differences between frogs with and without the near infrared reflection peak is discussed in a realistic and an extreme scenario. Temperature differences of up to 3.2°C were found, and the rehydration period was increased by up to 16.7%, although this does not reduce the number of rehydration events between dawn and dusk. PMID:27793832
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(abstract) Geological Tour of Southwestern Mexico
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Adams, Steven L.; Lang, Harold R.
1993-01-01
Nineteen Landsat Themic Mapper quarter scenes, coregistered at 28.5 m spatial resolution with three arc second digital topographic data, were used to create a movie, simulating a flight over the Guerrero and Mixteco terrains of southwestern Mexico. The flight path was chosen to elucidate important structural, stratigraphic, and geomorphic features. The video, available in VHS format, is a 360 second animation consisting of 10 800 total frames. The simulated velocity during three 120 second flight segments of the video is approximately 37 000 km per hour, traversing approximately 1 000 km on the ground.
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Factorization and reduction methods for optimal control of distributed parameter systems
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Burns, J. A.; Powers, R. K.
1985-01-01
A Chandrasekhar-type factorization method is applied to the linear-quadratic optimal control problem for distributed parameter systems. An aeroelastic control problem is used as a model example to demonstrate that if computationally efficient algorithms, such as those of Chandrasekhar-type, are combined with the special structure often available to a particular problem, then an abstract approximation theory developed for distributed parameter control theory becomes a viable method of solution. A numerical scheme based on averaging approximations is applied to hereditary control problems. Numerical examples are given.
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Airborne detection of diffuse carbon dioxide emissions at Mammoth Mountain, California
Gerlach, T.M.; Doukas, M.P.; McGee, K.A.; Kessler, R.
1999-01-01
We report the first airborne detection of CO2 degassing from diffuse volcanic sources. Airborne measurement of diffuse CO2 degassing offers a rapid alternative for monitoring CO2 emission rates at Mammoth Mountain. CO2 concentrations, temperatures, and barometric pressures were measured at ~2,500 GPS-referenced locations during a one-hour, eleven-orbit survey of air around Mammoth Mountain at ~3 km from the summit and altitudes of 2,895-3,657 m. A volcanic CO2 anomaly 4-5 km across with CO2 levels ~1 ppm above background was revealed downwind of tree-kill areas. It contained a 1-km core with concentrations exceeding background by >3 ppm. Emission rates of ~250 t d-1 are indicated. Orographic winds may play a key role in transporting the diffusely degassed CO2 upslope to elevations where it is lofted into the regional wind system.We report the first airborne detection of CO2 degassing from diffuse volcanic sources. Airborne measurement of diffuse CO2 degassing offers a rapid alternative for monitoring CO2 emission rates at Mammoth Mountain. CO2 concentrations, temperatures, and barometric pressures were measured at approximately 2,500 GPS-referenced locations during a one-hour, eleven-orbit survey of air around Mammoth Mountain at approximately 3 km from the summit and altitudes of 2,895-3,657 m. A volcanic CO2 anomaly 4-5 km across with CO2 levels approximately 1 ppm above background was revealed downwind of tree-kill areas. It contained a 1-km core with concentrations exceeding background by >3 ppm. Emission rates of approximately 250 t d-1 are indicated. Orographic winds may play a key role in transporting the diffusely degassed CO2 upslope to elevations where it is lofted into the regional wind system.
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Secret loss of unitarity due to the classical background
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Yang, I.-Sheng
2017-07-01
We show that a quantum subsystem can become significantly entangled with a classical background through a process with few or no semiclassical backreactions. We study two quantum harmonic oscillators coupled to each other in a time-independent Hamiltonian. We compare it to its semiclassical approximation in which one of the oscillators is treated as the classical background. In this approximation, the remaining quantum oscillator has an effective Hamiltonian which is time-dependent, and its evolution appears to be unitary. However, in the fully quantum model, the two oscillators can entangle each other. Thus, the unitarity of either individual oscillator is never guaranteed. We derive the critical time scale after which the unitarity of either individual oscillator is irrevocably lost. In particular, we give an example that in the adiabatic limit, unitarity is lost before other relevant questions can be addressed.
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Reaction kinetics of hydrogen atom abstraction from isopentanol by the H atom and HO2˙ radical.
Parab, Prajakta Rajaram; Heufer, K Alexander; Fernandes, Ravi Xavier
2018-04-25
Isopentanol is a potential next-generation biofuel for future applications to Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine concepts. To provide insights into the combustion behavior of isopentanol, especially to its auto-ignition behavior which is linked both to efficiency and pollutant formation in real combustion systems, detailed quantum chemical studies for crucial reactions are desired. H-Abstraction reaction rates from fuel molecules are key initiation steps for chain branching required for auto-ignition. In this study, rate constants are determined for the hydrogen atom abstraction reactions from isopentanol by the H atom and HO2˙ radical by implementing the CBS-QB3 composite method. For the treatment of the internal rotors, a Pitzer-Gwinn-like approximation is applied. On comparing the computed reaction energies, the highest exothermicity (ΔE = -46 kJ mol-1) is depicted for Hα abstraction by the H atom whereas the lowest endothermicity (ΔE = 29 kJ mol-1) is shown for the abstraction of Hα by the HO2˙ radical. The formation of hydrogen bonding is found to affect the kinetics of the H atom abstraction reactions by the HO2˙ radical. Further above 750 K, the calculated high pressure limit rate constants indicate that the total contribution from delta carbon sites (Cδ) is predominant for hydrogen atom abstraction by the H atom and HO2˙ radical.
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Piaget, Marx, and Buck-Morss on Cognitive Development: A Critique and Reinterpretation
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Buss, Allan R.
1977-01-01
Piaget's and Marx's cognitive theories of development are briefly compared and contrasted. This provides background for a critical look at Buck-Morss' interpretation of cross-cultural differences in performance on Piagetian abstract formal reasoning tests. (MS)
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The Better Mousetrap...Can Be Built by Engineers.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
McBride, Matthew
2003-01-01
Describes the growth of the INSPEC database developed by the Institution of Electrical Engineers. Highlights include an historical background of its growth from "Science Abstracts"; production methods, including computerization; indexing, including controlled (thesaurus-based), uncontrolled, chemical, and numerical indexing; and the…
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77 FR 64830 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Comment Request
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-10-23
... for postsecondary students in basic and applied research in STEM. Background All NSF grantees are... number. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title of Collection: Grantee Reporting Requirements for the Research... to establish an information collection. Abstract Proposed Project The Research Experiences for...
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Relationship between abstract thinking and eye gaze pattern in patients with schizophrenia
2014-01-01
Background Effective integration of visual information is necessary to utilize abstract thinking, but patients with schizophrenia have slow eye movement and usually explore limited visual information. This study examines the relationship between abstract thinking ability and the pattern of eye gaze in patients with schizophrenia using a novel theme identification task. Methods Twenty patients with schizophrenia and 22 healthy controls completed the theme identification task, in which subjects selected which word, out of a set of provided words, best described the theme of a picture. Eye gaze while performing the task was recorded by the eye tracker. Results Patients exhibited a significantly lower correct rate for theme identification and lesser fixation and saccade counts than controls. The correct rate was significantly correlated with the fixation count in patients, but not in controls. Conclusions Patients with schizophrenia showed impaired abstract thinking and decreased quality of gaze, which were positively associated with each other. Theme identification and eye gaze appear to be useful as tools for the objective measurement of abstract thinking in patients with schizophrenia. PMID:24739356
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Full-text publication of abstracts presented at European Orthodontic Society congresses.
Livas, Christos; Pandis, Nikolaos; Ren, Yijin
2014-10-01
Empirical evidence has indicated that only a subsample of studies conducted reach full-text publication and this phenomenon has become known as publication bias. A form of publication bias is the selectively delayed full publication of conference abstracts. The objective of this article was to examine the publication status of oral abstracts and poster-presentation abstracts, included in the scientific program of the 82nd and 83rd European Orthodontic Society (EOS) congresses, held in 2006 and 2007, and to identify factors associated with full-length publication. A systematic search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases was performed in April 2013 using author names and keywords from the abstract title to locate abstract and full-article publications. Information regarding mode of presentation, type of affiliation, geographical origin, statistical results, and publication details were collected and analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Approximately 51 per cent of the EOS 2006 and 55 per cent of the EOS 2007 abstracts appeared in print more than 5 years post congress. A mean period of 1.32 years elapsed between conference and publication date. Mode of presentation (oral or poster), use of statistical analysis, and research subject area were significant predictors for publication success. Inherent discrepancies of abstract reporting, mainly related to presentation of preliminary results and incomplete description of methods, may be considered in analogous studies. On average 52.2 per cent of the abstracts presented at the two EOS conferences reached full publication. Abstracts presented orally, including statistical analysis, were more likely to get published. © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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Polnaszek, Brock; Gilmore-Bykovskyi, Andrea; Hovanes, Melissa; Roiland, Rachel; Ferguson, Patrick; Brown, Roger; Kind, Amy JH
2014-01-01
Background Unstructured data encountered during retrospective electronic medical record (EMR) abstraction has routinely been identified as challenging to reliably abstract, as this data is often recorded as free text, without limitations to format or structure. There is increased interest in reliably abstracting this type of data given its prominent role in care coordination and communication, yet limited methodological guidance exists. Objective As standard abstraction approaches resulted in sub-standard data reliability for unstructured data elements collected as part of a multi-site, retrospective EMR study of hospital discharge communication quality, our goal was to develop, apply and examine the utility of a phase-based approach to reliably abstract unstructured data. This approach is examined using the specific example of discharge communication for warfarin management. Research Design We adopted a “fit-for-use” framework to guide the development and evaluation of abstraction methods using a four step, phase-based approach including (1) team building, (2) identification of challenges, (3) adaptation of abstraction methods, and (4) systematic data quality monitoring. Measures Unstructured data elements were the focus of this study, including elements communicating steps in warfarin management (e.g., warfarin initiation) and medical follow-up (e.g., timeframe for follow-up). Results After implementation of the phase-based approach, inter-rater reliability for all unstructured data elements demonstrated kappas of ≥ 0.89 -- an average increase of + 0.25 for each unstructured data element. Conclusions As compared to standard abstraction methodologies, this phase-based approach was more time intensive, but did markedly increase abstraction reliability for unstructured data elements within multi-site EMR documentation. PMID:27624585
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Education from Three to Eight.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Tasmanian Education Dept., Hobart (Australia).
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a report concerned with preschoolers and kindergarteners in Tasmania. The committee recommended that preschools should be established as a common extension of the statutory provision for education; a general director should be responsible for the whole area of education…
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Deti s glubokimi narushenijami zrenija (Children with Severe Visual Defects).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Zemstova, M. I., Ed.; And Others
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a monograph providing a comprehensive clinical, educational, and psychological study of children in special schools for the blind and poorly sighted. It summarizes investigations aimed at planning ways of differentiating teaching procedures for children with severe visual…
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Theoretical Studies of Spin-Forbidden Processes within the Breit-Pauli Approximation
1990-01-10
Years of Quantum Chemstry ", Oct. 1989) ABSTRACT OF OBJECTIVES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS The goal of this research program was to consider the electronic...Years of Quantum Chemstry ", Oct. 1989) 20 PERSONNEL The following scientists have contributed to work performed during the course of this grant. Dr
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Approximate Synchrony: An Abstraction for Distributed Almost Synchronous Systems
2015-05-29
finding bugs. Verification of the TSCH Protocol. Time Synchronized Channel Hopping (TSCH) is a Medium Access Control scheme that enables low power...allotted by the schedule and remain in sleep mode otherwise. In the ab- sence of precise time-synchronization, the time-slots across nodes would not be
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La estadistica en el planeamiento educativo (Statistics in Educational Planning).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Leon Pacheco, Tomas
1971-01-01
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1500 words) summarizing the author's definitions of the principal physical and human characteristics of elementary and secondary education as presently constituted in Mexico so that school personnel may comply with Mexican regulations that force them to supply educational statistics. For…
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Education in Iceland: Its Rise and Growth.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Josephson, Bragi S.
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a Doctorate of Education dissertation on the development of education in Iceland since 874 A.D. Special attention has been given to social, political, and economic issues influencing Icelandic education. The procedure consisted of reviewing the literature, interviewing…
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Relatorio: Exposicao de motivos (Report: Outline of Proposals).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ministerio da Educacao e Cultura, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of an outline of proposals to improve education in Brazil, both administratively and content-wise. Various administrative changes are recommended to overcome the lack of coordination existing at that point between the various services of the Ministry, precluding any coherent…
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Pipe rehabilitation and trenchless pipe replacement technologies have seen a steady increase in use over the past 30 to 40 years and represent an increasing proportion of the approximately $25 billion annual expenditure on operations and maintenance of the nation’s water and wast...
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bartle, Graham
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a survey of music in Australian schools. The survey included all types of schools, and includes facilities and equipment for musical education, and the use made of them. The courses of study, organization of musical activities, finance, supervision, teacher training, and…
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Review and Synthesis of Research in Health Occupations Education. Research Series No. 39.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Holloway, Lewis D.; Kerr, Elizabeth E.
Sources of the materials presented are: (1) Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) publications, (2) Dissertation Abstracts, (3) Masters' Theses in Education, and (4) Nursing Research. In addition, approximately 200 letters were sent to governmental agencies, universities, schools, and professional organizations to locate studies relevant…
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Rational Approximations to Rational Models: Alternative Algorithms for Category Learning
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sanborn, Adam N.; Griffiths, Thomas L.; Navarro, Daniel J.
2010-01-01
Rational models of cognition typically consider the abstract computational problems posed by the environment, assuming that people are capable of optimally solving those problems. This differs from more traditional formal models of cognition, which focus on the psychological processes responsible for behavior. A basic challenge for rational models…
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USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Technical Abstract Amaryllidaceae tribe Hippeastreae constitute a horticulturally valuable group of approximately 180 species of American petaloid monocots, characterized by dysploidy and polyploidy. A recent hypothesis based on ITS and chloroplast sequence data states that Hippeastreae experienced ...
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Australian Dept. of Labour and National Service, Melbourne. Women's Bureau.
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) in which Australian child care facilities are surveyed to include those providing full-day care and therefore excludes kindergartens, play centers, nursery schools, and child minding centers that provide care for only part of the day. The document presents a breakdown of…
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FIELD MEASUREMENT OF VAPOR INTRUSION RATES AT A PCE SITE (ABSTRACT ONLY)
A field study was performed to evaluate vapor intrusion (VI) of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and other chlorinated solvents at a commercial retail site in Dallas, TX. The building is approximately 40 years old and once housed a dry cleaning operation. Results from an initial site ch...
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Report of the Committee on Secondary Education.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Western Australia Education Dept., Perth.
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a Western Australian report on secondary education. In Western Australia, secondary education is offered over a period of five years following seven years of primary education, the age of entry being over twelve years of age. Government secondary schools are…
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Agricultural Education in Australia.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Farquhar, R. N.
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a comprehensive survey of education and training for agriculture in Australia. The present facilities are described, and then set against estimates of present and future needs. Constructive proposals are made as to how these needs can best be met by agricultural…
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Creativity: A Selective Bibliography. Exceptional Child Bibliography Series No. 667.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
ERIC Clearinghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Children, Reston, VA.
The annotated bibliography on creativity contains approximately 150 abstracts and associated indexing information for documents published from 1961 to 1973 and selected from the computer files of the Council for Exceptional Children's Information Services and the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC). It is explained that titles were…
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1989-06-15
Andes near Santiago de Chile extinction coefficients have been determined at elevations above 3000 meters. Values betwee 0.018 km and 0.15 km have been...McGovern 1515 North Atlantic Aerosol Background concentrations measured at a Hebridean coastal site N.H. Smith, P.M. Park and I.E. Consterdine 1530...ocean V. Dreiling, R. Maser and L. Schutz 1615 Measurements of aerosol concentration and distribution at Helgoland Island P. Brand, J. Gebhart, M. Below
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Stability of Tranexamic Acid after 12-Week Storage at Temperatures from -20 deg C to 50 deg C
2013-07-01
PRELIMINARY REPORTS STABILITY OF TRANEXAMIC ACID AFTER 12-WEEK STORAGE AT TEMPERATURES FROM –20◦C TO 50◦C Rodolfo de Guzman, Jr., MT, I. Amy...Polykratis, BS, Jill L. Sondeen, PhD, Daniel N. Darlington, PhD, Andrew P. Cap, MD, PhD, Michael A. Dubick, PhD ABSTRACT Background. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is... tranexamic acid ; temperature stability; HPLC; thromboelastography; storage PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE 2013;17:394–400 BACKGROUND Hemorrhage is the leading
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A limit to the X-ray luminosity of nearby normal galaxies
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Worrall, D. M.; Marshall, F. E.; Boldt, E. A.
1979-01-01
Emission is studied at luminosities lower than those for which individual discrete sources can be studied. It is shown that normal galaxies do not appear to provide the numerous low luminosity X-ray sources which could make up the 2-60 keV diffuse background. Indeed, upper limits suggest luminosities comparable with, or a little less than, that of the galaxy. This is consistent with the fact that the average optical luminosity of the sample galaxies within approximately 20 Mpc is slightly lower than that of the galaxy. An upper limit of approximately 1% of the diffuse background from such sources is derived.
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Quantum gravitational contributions to the cosmic microwave background anisotropy spectrum.
Kiefer, Claus; Krämer, Manuel
2012-01-13
We derive the primordial power spectrum of density fluctuations in the framework of quantum cosmology. For this purpose we perform a Born-Oppenheimer approximation to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation for an inflationary universe with a scalar field. In this way, we first recover the scale-invariant power spectrum that is found as an approximation in the simplest inflationary models. We then obtain quantum gravitational corrections to this spectrum and discuss whether they lead to measurable signatures in the cosmic microwave background anisotropy spectrum. The nonobservation so far of such corrections translates into an upper bound on the energy scale of inflation.
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Publication Rates of Abstracts Presented at Five National Pharmacy Association Meetings
Prohaska, Emily; Generali, Joyce; Zak, Kevin; Grauer, Dennis
2013-01-01
Background: Abstract presentations at professional meetings provide a medium for disseminating the findings of scholarly activity. Rates of abstract publication from various biomedical disciplines have been evaluated, with pharmacy noted to be lower than other specialties. Previous research on pharmacy abstract publication rates was conducted for a limited number of professional meetings but has not been assessed using Google Scholar. Objective: To determine the full publication rate of abstracts presented at the 2005 American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Spring and Annual Meetings, American Pharmacists Association (APhA) Annual Meeting, and American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) Summer and Midyear Clinical Meetings. Methods: Publication status was assessed for abstracts presented during the 2005 ACCP Spring and Annual Meetings, APhA Annual Meeting, and ASHP Summer and Midyear Clinical Meetings using PubMed and Google Scholar. Data collected included abstract category, study category, practice site, database(s) in which publication appeared, time in months to publication, publication type, and journal of publication. Results: Evaluation of 2,000 abstracts presented in 2005 revealed an overall full publication rate of 19.8% (n = 384). Nearly all pharmacy abstracts were published as manuscripts (98.4%; n=378) and indexed in PubMed and Google Scholar (91.9%; n = 353), although a significant percentage were indexed in Google Scholar only (7.8%; n = 30). The mean time to full publication was 16.8 months (SD ±11.9 months). Conclusions: Results were consistent with previously reported full publication rates of abstracts from pharmacy association meetings, indicating that abstracts presented at pharmacy meetings continue to have a lower full publication rate than other health disciplines. PMID:24421465
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Efficacy of Inactivation of Human Enteroviruses by Multiple-Wavelength UV LEDs - abstract
Background: Ultraviolet (UV) light has been successfully used for treating a broad suite of pathogens without the concomitant formation of carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs). However, conventional mercury UV lamps have some practical limitations in water treatment appli...
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Topological Signatures for Population Admixture
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Topological Signatures for Population AdmixtureDeniz Yorukoglu1, Filippo Utro1, David Kuhn2, Saugata Basu3 and Laxmi Parida1* Abstract Background: As populations with multi-linear transmission (i.e., mixing of genetic material from two parents, say) evolve over generations, the genetic transmission...
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Water Recreation and Illness Severity
Abstract Background: The health endpoint of prior studies of water recreation has been the occurrence gastrointestinal (GI) of illness. The use of this dichotomous health outcome fails to take into account the range of symptom severity among those with GI illness, as well as thos...
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Country Education Profiles: Algeria.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
International Bureau of Education, Geneva (Switzerland).
One of a series of profiles prepared by the Cooperative Educational Abstracting Service, this brief outline provides basic background information on educational principles, system of administration, structure and organization, curricula, and teacher training in Algeria. Statistics provided by the Unesco Office of Statistics show enrollment at all…
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Epitope specificity determines pathogenicity and detectability in ANCA-associated vasculitis
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) specific for myeloperoxidase (MPO) or proteinase 3 (PR3) are detectable in >90% of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). ANCA titers do not correlate well with disease activity. In vivo and in vi...
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Cosmic microwave background bispectrum from primordial magnetic fields on large angular scales.
Seshadri, T R; Subramanian, Kandaswamy
2009-08-21
Primordial magnetic fields lead to non-Gaussian signals in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) even at the lowest order, as magnetic stresses and the temperature anisotropy they induce depend quadratically on the magnetic field. In contrast, CMB non-Gaussianity due to inflationary scalar perturbations arises only as a higher-order effect. We propose a novel probe of stochastic primordial magnetic fields that exploits the characteristic CMB non-Gaussianity that they induce. We compute the CMB bispectrum (b(l1l2l3)) induced by such fields on large angular scales. We find a typical value of l1(l1 + 1)l3(l3 + 1)b(l1l2l3) approximately 10(-22), for magnetic fields of strength B0 approximately 3 nG and with a nearly scale invariant magnetic spectrum. Observational limits on the bispectrum allow us to set upper limits on B0 approximately 35 nG.
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Studies of the extreme ultraviolet/soft x-ray background
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Stern, R.A.
1978-01-01
The results of an extensive sky survey of the extreme ultraviolet (EUV)/soft x-ray background are reported. The data were obtained with a focusing telescope designed and calibrated at U.C. Berkeley which observed EUV sources and the diffuse background as part of the Apollo-Soyuz mission in July, 1975. With a primary field-of-view of 2.3 + 0.1/sup 0/ FWHM and four EUV bandpass filters (16 to 25, 20 to 73, 80 to 108, and 80 to 250 eV) the EUV telescope obtained background data included in the final observational sample for 21 discrete sky locations and 11 large angular scans, as wellmore » as for a number of shorter observations. Analysis of the data reveals as intense flux above 80 eV energy, with upper limits to the background intensity given for the lower energy filters Ca 2 x 10/sup 4/ and 6 x 10/sup 2/ ph cm/sup -2/ sec/sup -1/ ster/sup -1/ eV/sup -1/ at 21 and 45 eV respectively). The 80 to 108 eV flux agrees within statistical errors with the earlier results of Cash, Malina and Stern (1976): the Apollo-Soyuz average reported intensity is 4.0 +- 1.3 ph cm/sup -2/ sec/sup -1/ ster/sup -1/ eV/sup -1/ at Ca 100 eV, or roughly a factor of ten higher than the corresponding 250 eV intensity. The uniformity of the background flux is uncertain due to limitations in the statistical accuracy of the data; upper limits to the point-to-point standard deviation of the background intensity are (..delta..I/I approximately less than 0.8 +- 0.4 (80 to 108 eV) and approximately less than 0.4 +- 0.2 (80 to 250 eV). No evidence is found for a correlation between the telescope count rate and earth-based parameters (zenith angle, sun angle, etc.) for E approximately greater than 80 eV (the lower energy bandpasses are significantly affected by scattered solar radiation. Unlike some previous claims for the soft x-ray background, no simple dependence upon galactic latitude is seen.« less
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Hybridization parameters revisited: solutions containing SDS.
Rose, Ken; Mason, John O; Lathe, Richard
2002-07-01
Salt concentration governs nucleic acid hybridization according to the Schildkraut-Lifson equation. High concentrations of SDS are used in some common protocols, but the effects of SDS on hybridization stringency have not been reported. We investigated hybridization parameters in solutions containing SDS. With targets immobilized on nylon membranes and PCR- or transcription-generated probes, we report that the 50% dissociation temperature (Tm*) in the absence of SDS was 15 degrees C-17degrees C lower than the calculated Tm. SDS had only modest effects on Tm* [1% (w/v) equating to 8 mM NaCl]. RNA/DNA hybrids were approximately 11 degrees C more stable than DNA/DNA hybrids. Incomplete homology (69%) significantly reduced the Tm* for DNA/DNA hybrids (approximately /4degrees C; 0.45 degrees C/% nonhomology) but far less so for RNA/DNA hybrids (approximately 2.3 degrees C; approximately 0.07 degrees C/% non-homology); incomplete homology also markedly reduced the extent of hybridization. On these nylonfilters, SDS had a major effect on nonspecific binding. Buffers lacking SDS, or with low salt concentration, gave high hybridization backgrounds; buffers containing SDS, or high-salt buffers, gave reproducibly low backgrounds.
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Measurement of the cosmic microwave background spectrum by the COBE FIRAS instrument
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Mather, J. C.; Cheng, E. S.; Cottingham, D. A.; Eplee, R. E., Jr.; Fixsen, D. J.; Hewagama, T.; Isaacman, R. B.; Jensen, K. A.; Meyer, S. S.; Noerdlinger, P. D.
1994-01-01
The cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) has a blackbody spectrum within 3.4 x 10(exp -8) ergs/sq cm/s/sr cm over the frequency range from 2 to 20/cm (5-0.5 mm). These measurements, derived from the Far-Infrared Absolute Spectrophotomer (FIRAS) instrument on the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite, imply stringent limits on energy release in the early universe after t approximately 1 year and redshift z approximately 3 x 10(exp 6). The deviations are less than 0.30% of the peak brightness, with an rms value of 0.01%, and the dimensionless cosmological distortion parameters are limited to the absolute value of y is less than 2.5 x 10(exp -5) and the absolute value of mu is less than 3.3 x 10(exp -4) (95% confidence level). The temperature of the CMBR is 2.726 +/- 0.010 K (95% confidence level systematic).
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The Apollo 17 mare basalts: Serenely sampling Taurus-Littrow
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Neal, Clive R.; Taylor, Lawrence A.
1992-01-01
As we are all aware, the Apollo 17 mission marked the final manned lunar landing of the Apollo program. The lunar module (LM) landed approximately 0.7 km due east of Camelot Crater in the Taurus-Littrow region on the southwestern edge of Mare Serenitatis. Three extravehicular activities (EVA's) were performed, the first concentrating around the LM and including station 1 approximately 1.1 km south-southeast of the LM at the northwestern edge of Steno Crater. The second traversed approximately 8 km west of the LM to include stations 2, 3, 4, and 5, and the third EVA traversed approximately 4.5 km to the northwest of the LM to include stations 6, 7, 8, and 9. This final manned mission returned the largest quantity of lunar rock samples, 110.5 kg/243.7 lb, and included soils, breccias, highland samples, and mare basalts. This abstract concentrates upon the Apollo 17 mare basalt samples.
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The Apollo 17 mare basalts: Serenely sampling Taurus-Littrow
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Neal, Clive R.; Taylor, Lawrence A.
1992-12-01
As we are all aware, the Apollo 17 mission marked the final manned lunar landing of the Apollo program. The lunar module (LM) landed approximately 0.7 km due east of Camelot Crater in the Taurus-Littrow region on the southwestern edge of Mare Serenitatis. Three extravehicular activities (EVA's) were performed, the first concentrating around the LM and including station 1 approximately 1.1 km south-southeast of the LM at the northwestern edge of Steno Crater. The second traversed approximately 8 km west of the LM to include stations 2, 3, 4, and 5, and the third EVA traversed approximately 4.5 km to the northwest of the LM to include stations 6, 7, 8, and 9. This final manned mission returned the largest quantity of lunar rock samples, 110.5 kg/243.7 lb, and included soils, breccias, highland samples, and mare basalts. This abstract concentrates upon the Apollo 17 mare basalt samples.
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Modeling of large amplitude plasma blobs in three-dimensions
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Angus, Justin R.; Umansky, Maxim V.
2014-01-15
Fluctuations in fusion boundary and similar plasmas often have the form of filamentary structures, or blobs, that convectively propagate radially. This may lead to the degradation of plasma facing components as well as plasma confinement. Theoretical analysis of plasma blobs usually takes advantage of the so-called Boussinesq approximation of the potential vorticity equation, which greatly simplifies the treatment analytically and numerically. This approximation is only strictly justified when the blob density amplitude is small with respect to that of the background plasma. However, this is not the case for typical plasma blobs in the far scrape-off layer region, where themore » background density is small compared to that of the blob, and results obtained based on the Boussinesq approximation are questionable. In this report, the solution of the full vorticity equation, without the usual Boussinesq approximation, is proposed via a novel numerical approach. The method is used to solve for the evolution of 2D and 3D plasma blobs in a regime where the Boussinesq approximation is not valid. The Boussinesq solution under predicts the cross field transport in 2D. However, in 3D, for parameters typical of current tokamaks, the disparity between the radial cross field transport from the Boussinesq approximation and full solution is virtually non-existent due to the effects of the drift wave instability.« less
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FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEPOSITION OF AEROSOLIZED INSULIN
Abstract
Background
The inhalation of insulin for absorption into the bloodstream via the lung seems to be a promising technique for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. A fundamental issue to be resolved in the development of such insulin aerosol delivery systems is their... -
AbstractBackground: There are over 80,000 chemicals in commerce with little data available describing their impacts on human health. Biomonitoring surveys, such as the NHANES, offer one route to identifying possible relationships between environmental chemicals and health impacts...
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AbstractBackground: Synaptogenesis is a critical neurodevelopmental process whereby pre-and postsynaptic neurons form apposed sites of contact specialized for excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Many neurodevelopmental disorders are thought to reflect altered patterns of...
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Lung injury caused by both inhaled dusts and infectious agents depends on increased availability of iron and metal-catalyzed oxidative stress. Because inhaled particles, such as silica, and certain infections can cause secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosi...
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
McDonald, Nathaniel J.
2001-01-01
Chronicles a teacher's first year teaching geometry at the Hershey Montessori Farm School in Huntsburg, Ohio. Instructional methods relied on Euclid primary readings and combined pure abstract logic with practical applications of geometry on the land. The course included geometry background imparted by Montessori elementary materials as well as…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gur, Hulya
2009-01-01
Background: Trigonometry is an area of mathematics that students believe to be particularly difficult and abstract compared with the other subjects of mathematics. Trigonometry is often introduced early in year 8 with most textbooks traditionally starting with naming sides of right-angled triangles. Students need to see and understand why their…
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Gandhi, Divyangkumar; Mclean, Richard W.; Laiyemo, Adeyinka O.
2017-01-01
Background/Aims Abstract presentations at scientific meetings provide an opportunity to convey the results of important research. Unfortunately, many abstracts are not eventually published as full manuscripts. We evaluated factors associated with publication of abstracts as manuscripts up to 6.5 years after presentation at the 73rd scientific meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology in 2008. Methods All abstracts, excluding case reports, presented at the meeting were evaluated. We systematically searched for matching manuscripts indexed in PubMed or EMBASE up till May 2015. We used logistic regression models to determine factors associated with manuscript publication and calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Of included 791 abstracts, 249 (31.5%) were published as manuscripts within 6.5 years. Oral presentation (OR=2.11; 95%CI: 1.15-3.87), multicenter studies (OR=2.67; 95%CI: 1.44-4.95), abstracts by University-based authors (OR=1.80; 95%CI: 1.20-2.72), and funded research (OR=2.15; 95%CI: 1.43-3.23) were more likely to be published. Winning an award at the meeting was not associated with manuscript publication (OR=1.09; 95%CI: 0.57-2.06). Conclusions There is an urgent need to improve dissemination of scientific knowledge through publication of abstracts presented at gastroenterology meetings as manuscripts. Mentors should endeavor to encourage their mentees to complete this final stage of their scholarly activities. PMID:27931019
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Effects of Background Noise on Cortical Encoding of Speech in Autism Spectrum Disorders
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Russo, Nicole; Zecker, Steven; Trommer, Barbara; Chen, Julia; Kraus, Nina
2009-01-01
This study provides new evidence of deficient auditory cortical processing of speech in noise in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Speech-evoked responses (approximately 100-300 ms) in quiet and background noise were evaluated in typically-developing (TD) children and children with ASD. ASD responses showed delayed timing (both conditions) and…
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Graviton propagator from background-independent quantum gravity.
Rovelli, Carlo
2006-10-13
We study the graviton propagator in Euclidean loop quantum gravity. We use spin foam, boundary-amplitude, and group-field-theory techniques. We compute a component of the propagator to first order, under some approximations, obtaining the correct large-distance behavior. This indicates a way for deriving conventional spacetime quantities from a background-independent theory.
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Sleight, C C; Prinz, P M
1985-11-01
In this study language-disordered and nondisordered children viewed a nonverbal film, wrote the story, and narrated it to language-disordered and nondisordered peers who were unfamiliar with the film. The narratives were analyzed for the use of abstracts, orientations (background information), and codas. Language-disordered children made fewer references to the orientation clauses of props and activities than nondisordered children. Neither group modified their language in the areas examined to take into account the communicative status of their listeners. Therapeutic implications for the language-disordered children are presented as are suggestions for future research.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Gorski, Krzysztof M.
1993-01-01
Simple and easy to implement elementary function approximations are introduced to the spectral window functions needed in calculations of model predictions of the cosmic microwave backgrond (CMB) anisotropy. These approximations allow the investigator to obtain model delta T/T predictions in terms of single integrals over the power spectrum of cosmological perturbations and to avoid the necessity of performing the additional integrations. The high accuracy of these approximations is demonstrated here for the CDM theory-based calculations of the expected delta T/T signal in several experiments searching for the CMB anisotropy.
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An environmental assessment of United States drinking water watersheds
James Wickham; Timothy Wade; Kurt Riitters
2011-01-01
Abstract There is an emerging recognition that natural lands and their conservation are important elements of a sustainable drinking water infrastructure. We conducted a national, watershed-level environmental assessment of 5,265 drinking water watersheds using data on land cover, hydrography and conservation status. Approximately 78% of the conterminous United States...
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Assessment of the potential quality of preservative-treated pilings removed from service : [abstract
Xiping Wang; John W. Forsman; John R. Erickson; Robert J. Ross; Douglas J. Gardner; Gary D. McGinnis; Rodney C. DeGroot
1999-01-01
Preservative-treated wood products are important construction materials. Preservative-treated wood pilings, after removal from service, constitute a major disposal problem for managers of waterfront facilities. For example, approximately 7,000 to 8,000 tons of mechanically or biologically deteriorated wood pilings are currently removed from U.S. naval facilities...
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INFLUENCE OF EXPOSURE HISTORY ON VITELLOGENIN INDUCTION IN MEDAKA: A CASE OF "ESTROGEN MEMORY"?
Influence of Exposure History on Vitellogenin Induction in Medaka: a Case of "Estrogen Memory"? (Abstract). Mar. Environ. Res. 50(1-5):196.
In this study, we exposed female medaka to aqueous solutions of o,p'-DDT until tissues residues reached approximately 100 g/g. Male... -
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Consejo Nacional Tecnico de la Educacion (Mexico).
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of two booklets on Mexican educational reform. The first booklet cites the parts of the Mexican Constitution dealing with education, the legal foundation of Mexican education, stipulating that it shall be universal, democratic, national, compulsory, free and immune from…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
ERIC Clearinghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Children, Reston, VA.
The annotated bibliography on early childhood intervention in infancy contains approximately 65 abstracts and associated indexing information for documents published from 1968 to 1974 and selected from the computer files of the Council for Exceptional Children's Information Services and the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC). It is…
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Voprosy professional'noj pedagogiki (Aspects of the Theory of Vocational Education).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Batysev, S. J.; And Others
This document is an English-language abstract (Approximately 1,500 words) of a book by several Soviet authorities on vocational and technical education. The five sections of the book deal with general aspects of vocational and technical training; the theory of vocational training; psychological aspects of vocational training; basic instructional…
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Zakon za srednoto obrazovanie (Secondary Education Act).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
1971
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of the Macedonian Secondary Education Act of 1970. Secondary Education is an integral part of the consolidated system of education and training. All citizens have an equal right to acquire the knowledge and skills they need in any type of secondary level institution.…
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Relatorio: Reforma universitaria (Report: University Reform).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ministerio da Educacao e Cultura, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a report by 11 experts invited by the Ministry of Education and Culture to give their views on Brazilian university reforms. The introduction to the report states the principles underlying the proposals for reform adapted to the current social transformation in Brazil.…
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-11-15
... Applicators Using 1080 Collars for Livestock Protection; EPA ICR No. 1249.09, OMB Control No. 2070-0074 AGENCY... . Title: Requirements for Certified Applicators Using 1080 Collars for Livestock Protection. ICR Numbers.... Abstract: This ICR affects approximately 40 certified pesticide applicators who utilize 1080 toxic collars...
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Australian Universities 1964-1969; Third Report of the Australian Universities Commission.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Australian Universities Commission.
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a report on Australian universities between 1964-66, and recommendations for 1967-69. Developments during 1965-66 included the creation of four new universities. The demand for higher education is continually increasing. The capital grants recommended by the commission…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Saad, Geti, Comp.
Approximately 100 citations of journals, newspapers, and government publications dealing with education in Pakistan are included in this annotated bibliography. The materials were published from July through September 1977. Arranged alphabetically by author in 22 categories, the entries cover topics including educational administration, adult…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
ERIC Clearinghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Children, Reston, VA.
The annotated bibliography on Hyperactivity--Drug Therapy/Food Additives/Allergies contains approximately 65 abstracts and associated indexing information for documents or journal articles published from 1968 to 1975 and selected from the computer files of the Council for Exceptional Children's Information Services and the Education Resources…
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Agricultural Education in the South Pacific.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sutherland, J. A.
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a paper presenting the results of a survey conducted in 1967 by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations at the request of the South Pacific Commission. The survey included existing facilities for agricultural education in the several territories…
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Kazerani, Maryam; Davoudian, Atefeh; Zayeri, Farid; Soori, Hamid
2017-01-01
Background: Systematic reviews and meta-analysis have significant advantages over conventional reviews in that all available data should be presented. This study aimed to evaluate Iranian systematic reviews and meta-analysis abstracts indexed in WOS and Scopus during 2003-2012 based on PRISMA checklist. Methods: This is an analytical study. We evaluated 46 article abstracts indexed in WOS, 89 article abstracts indexed in Scopus and 158 article abstracts indexed in WOS and Scopus both (overlapped group). The quality of the abstracts was evaluated according to the PRISMA checklist for abstracts. Some indicators including distribution per year, total citation, average citations per year, average citations per documents and average citations per year in each article were determined through searching the WOS and Scopus Databases' analytical section. Then, the correlations between the abstract's PRISMA scores, average citations per year, and publication year were calculated. Results: The abstract's quality is not desirable as far as the PRISMA criteria are concerned. In other words, none of the articles' abstracts is in line with the PRISMA items. The average of scores of the current study was 5.9 while the maximum score was 12. The PRISMA criteria showed the highest compliance with "Objectives" (98.6%), the second highest with "Synthesis of result" (85%) and "Title" (80.2%) and the lowest compliance with "Registration" (2%). There was a positive correlation between the compliance of PRISMA score and the average citations per year while there was a negative correlation between PRISMA score and the publication year. Conclusion: It seems that the suggested criteria for reporting Iranian systematic reviews and meta-analysis are not considered adequately by the writers and even scientific journal editors.
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Neural network submodel as an abstraction tool: relating network performance to combat outcome
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jablunovsky, Greg; Dorman, Clark; Yaworsky, Paul S.
2000-06-01
Simulation of Command and Control (C2) networks has historically emphasized individual system performance with little architectural context or credible linkage to `bottom- line' measures of combat outcomes. Renewed interest in modeling C2 effects and relationships stems from emerging network intensive operational concepts. This demands improved methods to span the analytical hierarchy between C2 system performance models and theater-level models. Neural network technology offers a modeling approach that can abstract the essential behavior of higher resolution C2 models within a campaign simulation. The proposed methodology uses off-line learning of the relationships between network state and campaign-impacting performance of a complex C2 architecture and then approximation of that performance as a time-varying parameter in an aggregated simulation. Ultimately, this abstraction tool offers an increased fidelity of C2 system simulation that captures dynamic network dependencies within a campaign context.
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Meteoroid-Induced Anomalies on Spacecraft
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Cooke, Bill
2015-01-01
Sporadic meteoroid background is directional (not isotropic) and accounts for 90 percent of the meteoroid risk to a typical spacecraft. Meteor showers get all the press, but account for only approximately10 percent of spacecraft risk. Bias towards assigning meteoroid cause to anomalies during meteor showers. Vast majority of meteoroids come from comets and have a bulk density of approximately 1 gram per cubic centimeter (ice). High speed meteoroids (approximately 50 kilometers per second) can induce electrical anomalies in spacecraft through discharging of charged surfaces (also EMP (electromagnetic pulse?).
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A theoretical and shock tube kinetic study on hydrogen abstraction from phenyl formate.
Ning, Hongbo; Liu, Dapeng; Wu, Junjun; Ma, Liuhao; Ren, Wei; Farooq, Aamir
2018-06-12
The hydrogen abstraction reactions of phenyl formate (PF) by different radicals (H/O(3P)/OH/HO2) were theoretically investigated. We calculated the reaction energetics for PF + H/O/OH using the composite method ROCBS-QB3//M06-2X/cc-pVTZ and that for PF + HO2 at the M06-2X/cc-pVTZ level of theory. The high-pressure limit rate constants were calculated using the transition state theory in conjunction with the 1-D hindered rotor approximation and tunneling correction. Three-parameter Arrhenius expressions of rate constants were provided over the temperature range of 500-2000 K. To validate the theoretical calculations, the overall rate constants of PF + OH → Products were measured in shock tube experiments at 968-1128 K and 1.16-1.25 atm using OH laser absorption. The predicted overall rate constants agree well with the shock tube data (within 15%) over the entire experimental conditions. Rate constant analysis indicates that the H-abstraction at the formic acid site dominates the PF consumption, whereas the contribution of H-abstractions at the aromatic ring increases with temperature. Additionally, comparisons of site-specific H-abstractions from PF with methyl formate, ethyl formate, benzene, and toluene were performed to understand the effects of the aromatic ring and side-chain substituent on H-abstraction rate constants.
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ANALYSIS OF IN VIVO AND IN VITRO DNA STRAND BREAKS FROM TRIHALOMETHANE EXPOSURE
Abstract
Background: Epidemiological studies have linked the consumption of chlorinated surface waters to an increased risk of two major causes of human mortality, colorectal and bladder cancer. Trihalomethanes (THMs) are by-products formed when chlorine is used to disinfect d...
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Nodelman, Perry
1984-01-01
This essay discusses 13 pictorial devices with which one must be familiar to understand the illustrations in Virginia Lee Burton's "Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel." Color constancy, implied background, sharply drawn lines, abstractions of caricature, use of perspective, face on objects, and picture book narration are noted. (EJS)
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ABSTRACT Background and Aims. Waterborne diseases originating from bovine fecal material are a significant public health issue. Ensuring water quality requires the use of methods that can consistently identify pollution across a broad range of management practices. One practi...
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Deficiency of a alpha-1-antitrypsin influences systemic iron homeostasis
Abstract Background: There is evidence that proteases and anti-proteases participate in the iron homeostasis of cells and living systems. We tested the postulate that alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) polymorphism and the consequent deficiency of this anti-protease in humans are asso...
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Plis, Sergey M; George, J S; Jun, S C; Paré-Blagoev, J; Ranken, D M; Wood, C C; Schmidt, D M
2007-01-01
We propose a new model to approximate spatiotemporal noise covariance for use in neural electromagnetic source analysis, which better captures temporal variability in background activity. As with other existing formalisms, our model employs a Kronecker product of matrices representing temporal and spatial covariance. In our model, spatial components are allowed to have differing temporal covariances. Variability is represented as a series of Kronecker products of spatial component covariances and corresponding temporal covariances. Unlike previous attempts to model covariance through a sum of Kronecker products, our model is designed to have a computationally manageable inverse. Despite increased descriptive power, inversion of the model is fast, making it useful in source analysis. We have explored two versions of the model. One is estimated based on the assumption that spatial components of background noise have uncorrelated time courses. Another version, which gives closer approximation, is based on the assumption that time courses are statistically independent. The accuracy of the structural approximation is compared to an existing model, based on a single Kronecker product, using both Frobenius norm of the difference between spatiotemporal sample covariance and a model, and scatter plots. Performance of ours and previous models is compared in source analysis of a large number of single dipole problems with simulated time courses and with background from authentic magnetoencephalography data.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cresswell, John
2004-01-01
The primary focus of this report is to examine the effect that immigrant status and home language background may have on the performance of Australian students who participated in the OECD/Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA 2000). Approximately 5,477 students from 231 schools across Australia participated in the study. In this…
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Basu Ray, Indranill; Henry, Tracey L.; Davis, William; Alam, Jawed; Amedee, Ronald G.; Pinsky, William W.
2012-01-01
Background Internal medicine residents at the Ochsner Clinic Foundation stay engaged with clinical work and have difficulty initiating and completing research and publishing their scholarly activities. Commonly cited barriers include lack of knowledge about institutional research programs, lack of confidence regarding medical writing skills, lack of time, and failure to understand the value of research. The residency directors at Ochsner initiated the Consolidated Academic and Research Exposition (CARE) program to teach basic research skills and encourage residents' interest and productivity in research. Methods The CARE program includes 4 core components: house staff mentoring and the Resident Career Development Program, a journal club, medical writing instruction, and research engagement. Particular emphasis is given to projects that could be completed within a 1-month period and result in publication, enabling residents to use a 1-month elective rotation during their first postgraduate year. The sessions are mandatory for residents, except for those on specified rotations, including the critical care service and the night float rotation and those who are postcall. Results In 2010-2011, 6 residents submitted abstracts to the Louisiana Chapter of the American College of Physicians Associates meeting; 2 abstracts were accepted for presentation. In 2011-2012, there were 14 submissions, 4 of which were accepted for presentation. In 2010-2011, there were 4 submissions to the Southern Hospitalist Conference, which increased to 7 submissions in 2011-2012. The second best presentation award at the Southern Hospitalist Conference was also earned by a resident of this institution. The program saw a 110% total increase in scholarly activity from 2010-2011 to 2011-2012. Discussion The CARE program has been in existence for approximately 1 year. Preliminary results were tabulated based on research proposals, posters, abstracts, case reports, and presentations submitted and/or accepted at leading medical conferences over the past year as compared to the same period 1 year ago. Residents, based on the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Resident Survey responses, were more satisfied with the opportunities provided to them to participate in research or scholarly activities. Our preliminary results suggest that an organized, structured research curriculum in internal medicine residency programs is critical to promoting, initiating, and completing scholarly activity during a residency program. Conclusion Ochsner's CARE program has appreciably enhanced internal medicine residents' interest in research-related activity, resulting in a significant increase in resident-authored research papers, abstracts, posters, and case reports being accepted at leading national medical conferences. PMID:23267266
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Aalseth, Craig E.; Day, Anthony R.; Fuller, Erin S.
Abstract A new ultra-low-background proportional counter (ULBPC) design was recently developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). This design, along with an ultra-low-background counting system (ULBCS) which provides passive and active shielding with radon exclusion, has been developed to complement a new shallow underground laboratory (~30 meters water-equivalent) constructed at PNNL. After these steps to mitigate dominant backgrounds (cosmic rays, external gamma-rays, radioactivity in materials), remaining background events do not exclusively arise from ionization of the proportional counter gas. Digital pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) is thus employed to further improve measurement sensitivity. In this work, a template shape is generated formore » each individual sample measurement of interest, a "self-calibrating" template. Differences in event topology can also cause differences in pulse shape. In this work, the temporal region analyzed for each event is refined to maximize background discrimination while avoiding unwanted sensitivity to event topology. This digital PSD method is applied to sample and background data, and initial measurement results from a biofuel methane sample are presented in the context of low-background measurements currently being developed.« less
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Using Film To Teach History: An ERIC/ChESS Sample.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Pinhey, Laura
2002-01-01
Provides citations with abstracts from the ERIC database focusing on using film to teach history. Includes background information and teaching materials on topics such as using documentary films, the use of film and television to teach history, and teaching history using the film,"JFK," by Oliver Stone. (CMK)
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USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Technical Abstract: Background: Statins are the frontline in cholesterol reduction therapies; however use in combination with agents that possess complimentary mechanisms of action may achieve further reduce in LDL-C. Methods and Results: Thirty-nine patients were treated with either 80mg simvasta...
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50 CFR 86.124 - What are the Comprehensive National Assessment products?
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
...: (a) A single report, including the following information: (1) A national summary of all the..., background, methodology, results, and findings. (6) Information on the following: (i) Boater trends, such as.... (b) Summary report abstracting important information from the final national report. And (c) A key...
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50 CFR 86.124 - What are the Comprehensive National Assessment products?
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
...: (a) A single report, including the following information: (1) A national summary of all the..., background, methodology, results, and findings. (6) Information on the following: (i) Boater trends, such as.... (b) Summary report abstracting important information from the final national report. And (c) A key...
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Felting as Expressive Art Form.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cirillo, Sandi
1998-01-01
Describes felting as the process of making felt using sheep's wool from fibers without weaving or knitting. Explains that teachers can incorporate felting into a lesson exploring the background behind this process, as an extension of collage or textile arts, as a means to studying abstract art, or in a fashion design unit. (CMK)
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Investigation of Cool and Hot Executive Function in ODD/CD Independently of ADHD
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hobson, Christopher W.; Scott, Stephen; Rubia, Katya
2011-01-01
Background: Children with oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) have shown deficits in "cool" abstract-cognitive, and "hot" reward-related executive function (EF) tasks. However, it is currently unclear to what extent ODD/CD is associated with neuropsychological deficits, independently of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder…
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Abstract Background: Greater exposure to urban green spaces has been linked to reduced risks of depression, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and premature death. Alleviation of chronic stress is a hypothesized pathway to improved health. Previous studies linked chronic stress wit...
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AbstractBackground. High-throughput in vitro screening is an important tool for evaluating the potential biological activity of the thousands of existing chemicals in commerce and the hundreds more introduced each year. Among the assay technologies available, high-content imaging...
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Geothermal Heating, Convective Flow and Ice Thickness on Mars
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rosenberg, N. D.; Travis, B. J.; Cuzzi, J.
2001-01-01
Our 3D calculations suggest that hydrothermal circulation may occur in the martian regolith and may significantly thin the surface ice layer on Mars at some locations due to the upwelling of warm convecting fluids driven solely by background geothermal heating. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
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The Impact of Classroom Diversity on Teachers' Perspectives of Their Schools as Workplaces.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Chen, Michael; Goldring, Ellen
Changing demographic patterns present teachers with students of diverse ethnic backgrounds, learning abilities, family structures, and linguistic traditions. This study assessed the impact of classroom diversity on Israeli teachers' perspectives of the their workplace. Generally favorable perceptions of multiculturalism in the abstract conflict…
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Willem de Kooning: "Marilyn Monroe."
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Nelson, Karen G.
1988-01-01
Presents a lesson plan which introduces students in grades 7-9 to Willem de Kooning and the qualities that make his oil painting "Marilyn Monroe," an example of abstract expressionist style. Includes background information on the artist and the painting as well as instructional strategies, studio activities, and evaluation procedures.…
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Metals in blood and urine, and thyroid function among adults in the United States 2007-2008
Abstract Background: The thyroid is integral to regulation of development and metabolism. Certain metals have been shown to affect thyroid function in occupationally exposed persons, but few studies have been conducted in the general population. Objective: To evaluate the as...
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Chapman, Sarah; Eisinga, Anne; Hopewell, Sally; Clarke, Mike
2012-05-01
To determine the extent to which abstracts of methodology research, initially presented at annual meetings of The Cochrane Collaboration, have been published as full reports and over what period of time. A secondary aim was to explore whether full publication varied in different methodological subject areas. The Cochrane Methodology Register (CMR) was searched for all abstracts reporting methodology research, presented at the 11 Cochrane Colloquia from 1997 to 2007. EMBASE, PubMed, and CMR were searched for full publications of the same research. We identified 908 eligible conference abstracts and found full publications for 312 (34.4%) of these, almost half of which (47.1%) had appeared by the end of the first year after the relevant Colloquium. The proportion of abstracts that had not been published by 3 years was 69.7%, falling to 66.2% at 5 years. Publication varied considerably between different methodological areas. Approximately two-thirds of methodological research studies presented at Cochrane Colloquia remain unpublished as full papers at least 5 years later. This highlights the importance of searching conference abstracts if one wishes to find as comprehensive and complete a sample of methodological research as possible. Crown Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Energy science and technology database (on the internet). Online data
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
NONE
The Energy Science and Technology Database (EDB) is a multidisciplinary file containing worldwide references to basic and applied scientific and technical research literature. The information is collected for use by government managers, researchers at the national laboratories, and other research efforts sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, and the results of this research are transferred to the public. Abstracts are included for records from 1976 to the present. The EDB also contains the Nuclear Science Abstracts which is a comprehensive abstract and index collection to the international nuclear science and technology literature for the period 1948 through 1976. Includedmore » are scientific and technical reports of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration and its contractors, other agencies, universities, and industrial and research organizations. Approximately 25% of the records in the file contain abstracts. Nuclear Science Abstracts contains over 900,000 bibliographic records. The entire Energy Science and Technology Database contains over 3 million bibliographic records. This database is now available for searching through the GOV. Research-Center (GRC) service. GRC is a single online web-based search service to well known Government databases. Featuring powerful search and retrieval software, GRC is an important research tool. The GRC web site is at http://grc.ntis.gov.« less
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Valderrama-Zurián, Juan Carlos; Bolaños-Pizarro, Máxima; Bueno-Cañigral, Francisco Jesús; Álvarez, F Javier; Ontalba-Ruipérez, José Antonio; Aleixandre-Benavent, Rafael
2009-01-01
Background Subsequent publication rate of abstracts presented at meetings is seen as an indicator of the interest and quality of the meeting. We have analyzed characteristics and rate publication in peer-reviewed journals derived from oral communications and posters presented at the 1999 College on Problems of Drug Dependence (CPDD) meeting. Methods All 689 abstracts presented at the 1999 CPDD meeting were reviewed. In order to find the existence of publications derived from abstracts presented at that meeting, a set of bibliographical searches in the database Medline was developed in July 2006. Information was gathered concerning the abstracts, articles and journals in which they were published. Results 254 out of 689 abstracts (36.9%) gave rise to at least one publication. The oral communications had a greater likelihood of being published than did the posters (OR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.80-3.55). The average time lapse to publication of an article was 672.97 days. The number of authors per work in the subsequent publications was 4.55. The articles were published in a total of 84 journals, of which eight were indexed with the subject term Substance-Related Disorders. Psychopharmacology (37 articles, 14.5%) was the journal that published the greatest number of articles subsequent to the abstracts presented at the 1999 CPDD meeting. Conclusion One out of every three abstracts presented to the 1999 CPDD meeting were later published in peer-reviewed journals indexed in Medline. The subsequent publication of the abstracts presented in the CPDD meetings should be actively encouraged, as this maximizes the dissemination of the scientific research and therefore the investment. PMID:19889211
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Kazerani, Maryam; Davoudian, Atefeh; Zayeri, Farid; Soori, Hamid
2017-01-01
Background: Systematic reviews and meta-analysis have significant advantages over conventional reviews in that all available data should be presented. This study aimed to evaluate Iranian systematic reviews and meta-analysis abstracts indexed in WOS and Scopus during 2003-2012 based on PRISMA checklist. Methods: This is an analytical study. We evaluated 46 article abstracts indexed in WOS, 89 article abstracts indexed in Scopus and 158 article abstracts indexed in WOS and Scopus both (overlapped group). The quality of the abstracts was evaluated according to the PRISMA checklist for abstracts. Some indicators including distribution per year, total citation, average citations per year, average citations per documents and average citations per year in each article were determined through searching the WOS and Scopus Databases’ analytical section. Then, the correlations between the abstract's PRISMA scores, average citations per year, and publication year were calculated. Results: The abstract’s quality is not desirable as far as the PRISMA criteria are concerned. In other words, none of the articles’ abstracts is in line with the PRISMA items. The average of scores of the current study was 5.9 while the maximum score was 12. The PRISMA criteria showed the highest compliance with "Objectives" (98.6%), the second highest with "Synthesis of result" (85%) and "Title" (80.2%) and the lowest compliance with "Registration" (2%). There was a positive correlation between the compliance of PRISMA score and the average citations per year while there was a negative correlation between PRISMA score and the publication year. Conclusion: It seems that the suggested criteria for reporting Iranian systematic reviews and meta-analysis are not considered adequately by the writers and even scientific journal editors. PMID:28955668
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Is searching full text more effective than searching abstracts?
Lin, Jimmy
2009-01-01
Background With the growing availability of full-text articles online, scientists and other consumers of the life sciences literature now have the ability to go beyond searching bibliographic records (title, abstract, metadata) to directly access full-text content. Motivated by this emerging trend, I posed the following question: is searching full text more effective than searching abstracts? This question is answered by comparing text retrieval algorithms on MEDLINE® abstracts, full-text articles, and spans (paragraphs) within full-text articles using data from the TREC 2007 genomics track evaluation. Two retrieval models are examined: bm25 and the ranking algorithm implemented in the open-source Lucene search engine. Results Experiments show that treating an entire article as an indexing unit does not consistently yield higher effectiveness compared to abstract-only search. However, retrieval based on spans, or paragraphs-sized segments of full-text articles, consistently outperforms abstract-only search. Results suggest that highest overall effectiveness may be achieved by combining evidence from spans and full articles. Conclusion Users searching full text are more likely to find relevant articles than searching only abstracts. This finding affirms the value of full text collections for text retrieval and provides a starting point for future work in exploring algorithms that take advantage of rapidly-growing digital archives. Experimental results also highlight the need to develop distributed text retrieval algorithms, since full-text articles are significantly longer than abstracts and may require the computational resources of multiple machines in a cluster. The MapReduce programming model provides a convenient framework for organizing such computations. PMID:19192280
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The linear regulator problem for parabolic systems
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Banks, H. T.; Kunisch, K.
1983-01-01
An approximation framework is presented for computation (in finite imensional spaces) of Riccati operators that can be guaranteed to converge to the Riccati operator in feedback controls for abstract evolution systems in a Hilbert space. It is shown how these results may be used in the linear optimal regulator problem for a large class of parabolic systems.
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Learning and Teaching in the CAEs, 1969. Volume I, II, and III.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Horne, B. C.; Wise, B.
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a study by the Australian Council for Educational Research (Commonwealth Advisory Committee on Advanced Education) responding to the stated purposes of the project to study the explicit and implicit objectives of the courses, the nature and extent of their content, how…
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Fourth Five-Year Plan, 1969-1974. Draft.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Planning Commission, New Delhi (India).
This document is an English language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of the Fourth Indian Five Year Plan Report, Chapter 15, which deals with Education and Manpower. India's tasks in providing educational facilities for children in the 6-14 age group are immense. Only about 60% of that age group are in school today. The Plan refers to this…
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Reptile Communities Under Diverse Forest Management in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas
Paul A. Shipman; Stanley F. Fox; Ronald E. Thill; Joseph P. Phelps; David M. Leslie
2004-01-01
Abstract - From May 1995 to March 1999, we censused reptiles in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, on approximately 60 plots on each of four forested watersheds five times per year, with new plots each year. We found that the least intensively managed watershed had significantly lower per-plot reptile abundances, species richness, and diversity....
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
El Maestro, Mexico, 1971
1971-01-01
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1500 words) summarizing a report presented to the Eighth National Plenary Assembly of the National Technical Council for Education by the Mexican Academy of Education, a private association of teachers. It recommended the adoption of four basic educational administrative reforms by the…
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Cosmogenic Radionuclides in the Campo Del Cielo Iron Meteorite
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Liberman, R. G.; FernandezNiello, J. O.; Reedy, R. C.; Fifield, L. K.; diTada, M. L.
2001-01-01
Cosmogenic Be-10, Al-26, Cl-36, Ca-41, and Ni-59 were measured in the Campo del Cielo iron meteorite. Our results led us to conclude that the pre-atmospheric radius might have been approximately 2 m. Comparisons with other big bodies are also presented. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
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Primary Education in the United Arab Republic, Its Development and Organization.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Mehrez, Zainab
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a comprehensive survey describing the growth of primary schooling in the UAR during the 19th and 20th centuries. Different types of elementary schools were unified in 1951 into one category, and in 1953, all fees were abolished and primary certificate examinations were…
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Microstructure Analyses of NA-Nanodiamond Particles
2016-08-01
approximately 5 to 6 nm in diameter, similar to those obtained by distilled water purification . The energy dispersive analyzer from these perfectly well...NOTES 14. ABSTRACT The purification process of detonation diamond nanoparticles was perfectly accomplished using nitric acid at high...pressure nitric acid, whereas the previous detonation diamond nanoparticle was washed with distilled water and purified by oxidation
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HOW WELL ARE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY VARIATIONS APPROXIMATED BY ADDITIVE STABLE PROCESSES? (R826171)
Abstract
Analysis of the higher statistical moments of a hydraulic conductivity (K) and an intrinsic permeability (k) data set leads to the conclusion that the increments of the data and the logs of the data are not governed by Levy-stable or Gaussian dis...
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Programma srednej skoly. Nacal'nye klassy (Primary School Draft Program).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow.
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of the draft of new elementary school programs in Russian language, arithmetic, and natural history. Elementary Russian courses are regarded as an organic part of the entire course at the eight-year school. Such courses as phonetics and morphology figure in the draft program…
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Dossett, Lesly A.; Fox, Erin E.; del Junco, Deborah J.; Zaydfudim, Victor; Kauffmann, Rondi; Shelton, Julia; Wang, Weiwei; Cioffi, William G.; Holcomb, John B.; Cotton, Bryan A.
2014-01-01
BACKGROUND As a primary venue for presenting research results, abstracts selected for presentation at national meetings should be of the highest scientific merit and research quality. It is uncertain to what degree this is achieved as the methodological quality of abstracts submitted to national surgical meetings has not been previously described. The objective of this study was to evaluate abstracts presented at a leading trauma meeting for methodological quality. METHODS All abstracts accepted for the 2009 American Association for the Surgery of Trauma meeting were reviewed and scored for methodological quality based on 10 criteria (scores, 0–10; 10 being the highest). Criteria were based on nationally published methodology guidelines. Two independent reviewers who were blinded to institution, region, and author reviewed each abstract. RESULTS A total of 187 abstracts were accepted for presentation (67 oral and 120 posters). The most frequent clinical topics were shock/transfusion (23%), abdomen (12%), and nervous system (11%). Shock/transfusion abstracts were more common in the oral presentations (31% vs. 19%; p =0.06). Abstracts from the northeast and south regions were the most common in both oral (26% and 29%) and posters (25% and 24%). Basic science accounted for 12% of accepted studies, while 51% were clinical and 28% were health services/outcomes. Only 8% of abstracts presented randomized data and only 11% reported null findings. Overall abstract scores ranged from 3 to 10 (median, 7; mean, 7.4). Abstracts selected for poster presentation had an overall higher score than those selected for oral presentation (7.4 ±1.7 vs. 6.8 ±1.7; p =0.02). CONCLUSION Although oral presentations traditionally receive the most attention and interest, the methodological quality of abstracts accepted for poster presentation equals (and sometimes exceeds) that of oral abstracts. Attendees of these national meetings should reconsider their time spent in viewing and visiting these poster sessions as with the oral presentations. In light of our findings, we highly encourage that all members and guests attend the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Poster Rounds at each year’s scientific assembly. PMID:22673278
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Background magnetic spectra - Approximately 10 to the -5th to approximately 10 to the 5th Hz
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lanzerotti, L. J.; Maclennan, C. G.; Fraser-Smith, A. C.
1990-09-01
The determination of the amplitude and functional form of the geomagnetic fluctuations measured at the Arrival Heights area of the Hut Point Peninsula on Ross Island in June 1986 is presented. The frequency range covered is from approximately 10 to the -5th to approximately 10 to the 5th Hz, with a gap between 0.1 and 10 Hz due to instrumentation limitations. In spite of this gap, it is thought that these magnetic fluctuation spectra, obtained from data acquired simultaneously with two instruments, cover the broadest frequency range to date. Schematic spectra derived from the data obtained are provided.
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Detecting Edges in Images by Use of Fuzzy Reasoning
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Dominguez, Jesus A.; Klinko, Steve
2003-01-01
A method of processing digital image data to detect edges includes the use of fuzzy reasoning. The method is completely adaptive and does not require any advance knowledge of an image. During initial processing of image data at a low level of abstraction, the nature of the data is indeterminate. Fuzzy reasoning is used in the present method because it affords an ability to construct useful abstractions from approximate, incomplete, and otherwise imperfect sets of data. Humans are able to make some sense of even unfamiliar objects that have imperfect high-level representations. It appears that to perceive unfamiliar objects or to perceive familiar objects in imperfect images, humans apply heuristic algorithms to understand the images
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Wright, T.L.; Takahashi, T.J.
1998-01-01
The Hawaii bibliographic database has been created to contain all of the literature, from 1779 to the present, pertinent to the volcanological history of the Hawaiian-Emperor volcanic chain. References are entered in a PC- and Macintosh-compatible EndNote Plus bibliographic database with keywords and abstracts or (if no abstract) with annotations as to content. Keywords emphasize location, discipline, process, identification of new chemical data or age determinations, and type of publication. The database is updated approximately three times a year and is available to upload from an ftp site. The bibliography contained 8460 references at the time this paper was submitted for publication. Use of the database greatly enhances the power and completeness of library searches for anyone interested in Hawaiian volcanism.
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2010-01-01
Background Due to language limitations, the abstract of journal article may be the only way for people of non-Chinese speaking countries to know about trials in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, little is known about the reporting quality of these trial abstracts. Our study is to assess the reporting quality of abstracts of randomized controlled trials (RCT) published in four leading Chinese medical journals of TCM, and to identify any differences in reporting between the Chinese and English version of the same abstract publication. Method Two reviewers hand-searched the Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, the Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, the China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica and the Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion for all abstracts of RCTs published between 2006 and 2007. Two reviewers independently assessed the reporting quality of the Chinese and English version of all eligible abstracts based on a modified version of the CONSORT for reporting randomised trials in journal and conference abstracts (CONSORT for abstracts). Results We identified a total of 345 RCTs of TCM with both a Chinese and English abstract. More than half of Chinese abstracts reported details of the trial participants (68%; 234/345), control group intervention (52%; 179/345), the number of participants randomized (73%; 253/345) and benefits when interpreting the trial results (55%; 190/345). Reporting of methodological quality or key features of trial design and trial results were poor; only 2% (7/345) included details of the trial design, 3% (11/345) defined the primary outcome, 5% (17/345) described the methods of random sequence generation, and only 4% (13/345) reported the number of participants analyzed. No abstracts provided details on allocation concealment and trial registration. The percentage agreement in reporting (between the Chinese and English version of the same abstract) ranged from 84% to 100% across individual checklist item. Conclusion The reporting quality of abstracts of RCTs published in these four TCM journals needs to be improved. Since none of the four journals adopted CONSORT for Abstracts, we hope that the introduction and adoption of CONSORT for Abstracts by TCM journals will lead to an improvement in reporting quality. PMID:20615225
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Zgaljardic, Dennis J.; Borod, Joan C.; Foldi, Nancy S.; Rocco, Mary; Mattis, Paul J.; Gordon, Mark F.; Feigin, Andrew S.; Eidelberg, David
2015-01-01
Objective The prevalence of apathy was assessed across select cognitive and psychiatric variables in 32 nondemented patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and 29 demographically matched healthy control participants. Background Apathy is common in PD, although differentiating apathy from motor, cognitive, and/or other neuropsychiatric symptoms can be challenging. Previous studies have reported a positive relationship between apathy and cognitive impairment, particularly executive dysfunction. Method Patients were categorized according to apathy symptom severity. Stringent criteria were used to exclude patients with dementia. Results Approximately 44% of patients endorsed significant levels of apathy. Those patients performed worse than patients with nonsignificant levels of apathy on select measures of verbal fluency and on a measure of verbal and nonverbal conceptualization. Further, they reported a greater number of symptoms related to depression and behavioral disturbance than did those patients with nonsignificant levels of apathy. Apathy was significantly related to self-report of depression and executive dysfunction. Performance on cognitive tasks assessing verbal fluency, working memory, and verbal abstraction and also on a self-report measure of executive dysfunction was shown to significantly predict increasing levels of apathy. Conclusions Our findings suggest that apathy in nondemented patients with PD seems to be strongly associated with executive dysfunction. PMID:17846518
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Kramer, Beverley; Libhaber, Elena
2018-01-01
ABSTRACT Background: While the burden of disease in Africa is high, health research emanating from the continent is low. Building human capacity and research infrastructure to close the gap between research and disease is thus of great imporatance. Objective: In order to improve research outputs and postgraduate training in the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, the Health Sciences Research Office put in place a series of strategic initiatives over time. Methods: A range of strategic activities, for both postgraduate students and academic staff, were developed in parallel and sequentially over a period of approximately nine years (2008–2016). The latter years were a time of consolidation of the programmes. Outcomes of these activities were ‘measured’ by increases in publications, decreases in time to graduation and enrichment of the research environment. Results: A doubling of research publications and an increase in citations occurred over the period under review. In addition, there was a decrease in the time postgraduate students took to graduate. Conclusions: A varied, but structured research management plan may be of value in African and other developing health sciences institutions to enable the increase in research outputs and capacity development, desperately needed to close the barrier between disease and health. PMID:29370732
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Planetary Hyperspectral Imager (PHI)
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Silvergate, Peter
1996-01-01
A hyperspectral imaging spectrometer was breadboarded. Key innovations were use of a sapphire prism and single InSb focal plane to cover the entire spectral range, and a novel slit optic and relay optics to reduce thermal background. Operation over a spectral range of 450 - 4950 nm (approximately 3.5 spectral octaves) was demonstrated. Thermal background reduction by a factor of 8 - 10 was also demonstrated.
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Meyerhofer, D. D.; Mauel, M. E.
2016-05-18
The 57th annual meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics (DPP) was held November 16–20, 2015 in Savannah, Georgia. The meeting brings together researchers (undergraduate students through retirees) from all areas of plasma physics. 1887 abstracts were included in the program, approximately 200 more than the previous year. The presentations included five invited review talks, 97 invited talks, three invited postdeadline talks, and four tutorials. Furthermore, there were approximately 1780 contributed presentations, with about 40% oral and 60% poster. Three mini-conferences were held concurrently.
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Occupational injuries among pediatric orthopedic surgeons
Alsiddiky, Abdulmonem M.; Alatassi, Raheef; Altamimi, Saad M.; Alqarni, Mahdi M.; Alfayez, Saud M.
2017-01-01
Abstract In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed all pediatric orthopedic surgeons in Saudi Arabia using an anonymous electronic questionnaire composed of 23 items to identify the rate of occupational injuries and obtain other relevant information. Thirty-nine participants completed the questionnaire (response rate: 83%). Participants who sustained occupational injuries throughout their careers represented 82.5%. The most injured areas were the hands, eyes, and back by 54.5%, 24.2%, and 15.2%, respectively. Approximately 11.1% were injured while operating on infected patients. Approximately 30.3% reported their injuries to their institution. We concluded that the rate of occupational injuries among pediatric orthopedic surgeons is very high and underreported. PMID:28640103
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Gibson, J. S.; Rosen, I. G.
1986-01-01
An abstract approximation theory and computational methods are developed for the determination of optimal linear-quadratic feedback control, observers and compensators for infinite dimensional discrete-time systems. Particular attention is paid to systems whose open-loop dynamics are described by semigroups of operators on Hilbert spaces. The approach taken is based on the finite dimensional approximation of the infinite dimensional operator Riccati equations which characterize the optimal feedback control and observer gains. Theoretical convergence results are presented and discussed. Numerical results for an example involving a heat equation with boundary control are presented and used to demonstrate the feasibility of the method.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Meyerhofer, D. D.; Mauel, M. E.
The 57th annual meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics (DPP) was held November 16–20, 2015 in Savannah, Georgia. The meeting brings together researchers (undergraduate students through retirees) from all areas of plasma physics. 1887 abstracts were included in the program, approximately 200 more than the previous year. The presentations included five invited review talks, 97 invited talks, three invited postdeadline talks, and four tutorials. Furthermore, there were approximately 1780 contributed presentations, with about 40% oral and 60% poster. Three mini-conferences were held concurrently.
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Nuclear science abstracts (NSA) database 1948--1974 (on the Internet)
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
NONE
Nuclear Science Abstracts (NSA) is a comprehensive abstract and index collection of the International Nuclear Science and Technology literature for the period 1948 through 1976. Included are scientific and technical reports of the US Atomic Energy Commission, US Energy Research and Development Administration and its contractors, other agencies, universities, and industrial and research organizations. Coverage of the literature since 1976 is provided by Energy Science and Technology Database. Approximately 25% of the records in the file contain abstracts. These are from the following volumes of the print Nuclear Science Abstracts: Volumes 12--18, Volume 29, and Volume 33. The database containsmore » over 900,000 bibliographic records. All aspects of nuclear science and technology are covered, including: Biomedical Sciences; Metals, Ceramics, and Other Materials; Chemistry; Nuclear Materials and Waste Management; Environmental and Earth Sciences; Particle Accelerators; Engineering; Physics; Fusion Energy; Radiation Effects; Instrumentation; Reactor Technology; Isotope and Radiation Source Technology. The database includes all records contained in Volume 1 (1948) through Volume 33 (1976) of the printed version of Nuclear Science Abstracts (NSA). This worldwide coverage includes books, conference proceedings, papers, patents, dissertations, engineering drawings, and journal literature. This database is now available for searching through the GOV. Research Center (GRC) service. GRC is a single online web-based search service to well known Government databases. Featuring powerful search and retrieval software, GRC is an important research tool. The GRC web site is at http://grc.ntis.gov.« less
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Harris, Lauren Jay
This paper presents background information, an introductory statement of theoretical positions, and brief abstracts of research papers from a symposium on the functional specialization of cerebral hemispheres in infants and children. According to one view of the development of cerebral specialization, the two hemispheres are initially…
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Crossing Multicultural Borders: Students, Faculty, and Difference in the University Classroom
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Creaser, Wanda
2010-01-01
Scholars and teachers with PhDs in English are well-versed in identity studies, gender studies, ethnicity studies, and postcolonial studies. They are very good at talking and writing about these subjects in the abstract. However, when facing a classroom of students who come from cultural backgrounds considerably different from the hypothetical…
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USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Abstract. Background and Aims Interactions between roots and soil microbes are critical components of below-ground ecology. It is essential to quantify the magnitude of root trait variation both among and within species, including variation due to plasticity. In addition to contextualizing the mag...
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MOLA 1064nm Radiometry Measurements: Status and Prospects in Extended Mission
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Neumann, G. A.; Abshire, J. B.; Smith, D. E.; Sun, X.; Zuber, M. T.
2002-01-01
The Mars Orbiting Laser Altimeter (MOLA) instrument has measured the brightness of the Mars surface at 1064 nm in a passive mode, from background noise counts, since 1997. After ceasing altimetry collection July 2001, MOLA has taken >50 million high-resolution radiometer observations. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
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Abstract Background: Epidemiologic studies associate childhood exposure to traffic-related air pollution with increased respiratory infections and asthmatic and allergic symptoms. The strongest associations between traffic exposure and negative health impacts are observed in in...
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Technology as an Instructional Tool: What We Are Learning. Research Bulletin #3.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium, St. Paul.
The purpose of this research bulletin is to provide educational decision-makers with empirical data for making informed decisions relative to the integration of technology in schools. Ten expanded abstracts of research studies are included here, each with a background/problem statement, list of study goals, description of methodology, conclusion…
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USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Technical Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is little research evaluating flavor preferences among wheat varieties. We previously demonstrated that mice exert very strong preferences when given binary mixtures of wheat varieties. We plan to utilize mice to identify varieties and genes associated with pref...
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Short Animation Movies as Advance Organizers in Physics Teaching: A Preliminary Study
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Koscianski, Andre; Ribeiro, Rafael Joao; da Silva, Sani Carvalho Rutz
2012-01-01
Background: Advance organizers are instructional materials that help students use previous knowledge to make links with new information. Short animation movies are a possible format and are well suited for physics, as they can portray dynamic phenomena and represent abstract concepts. Purpose: The study aimed to determine guidelines for the…
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USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
ABSTRACT Background: Enhanced n-3 intake benefit CVD risk reduction. Increasing consumption at a population level will be better addressed by dietary modification than through supplementation. However, limited data are available on the effect of increasing doses of fish intake on circulating level...
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Independent Study Workbooks for Proofs in Group Theory
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Alcock, Lara; Brown, Gavin; Dunning, Clare
2015-01-01
This paper describes a small-scale research project based on workbooks designed to support independent study of proofs in a first course on abstract algebra. We discuss the lecturers' aims in designing the workbooks, and set these against a background of research on students' learning of group theory and on epistemological beliefs and study habits…
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AdaMeasure: An Implementation of the Halstead and Henry Metrics.
1987-06-01
of Departne t o Computer Science Kneale T..Nar4 ___. Dean of Information and Policy bScic:-n-- 2 Allr ABSTRACT I A software metric is a tool that...CONTENTS INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ......................... 6 A. DEFINITIONS ..................................................... 6 B. SALLIE HENRY’S...METRIC.................................... 6 C. INFORMATION FLOW .......................................... 7 D. RELATIONS
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1 ABSTRACT 2 3 BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety 4 of diseases ranging from cancer to neurodegeneration, highlighti.ng the need to identify 5 chemicals that can induce this effect. The antioxidant response element (ARE)...
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Multispectral Resource Sampler: Proof of concept. Literature survey of bidirectional reflectance
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
1981-01-01
A bibliography compiled in order to give a comprehensive review of previous work in scene bidirectional reflectance, particularly those studies relevant to the Multispectral Resource Sampler (MRS) is presented. The bibliography contains 124 abstracts. In addition a synthesis of the literature results is given along with background information concerning MRS.
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Science Teacher Candidates' Perceptions about Roles and Nature of Scientific Models
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Yenilmez Turkoglu, Ayse; Oztekin, Ceren
2016-01-01
Background: Scientific models have important roles in science and science education. For scientists, they provide a means for generating new knowledge or function as an accessible summary of scientific studies. In science education, on the other hand, they are accessible representations of abstract concepts, and are also organizational frameworks…
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The Impact of Hands-On Simulation Laboratories on Teaching of Wireless Communications
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Chou, Te-Shun; Vanderbye, Aaron
2017-01-01
Aim/Purpose: To prepare students with both theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the field of wireless communications. Background: Teaching wireless communications and networking is not an easy task because it involves broad subjects and abstract content. Methodology: A pedagogical method that combined lectures, labs, assignments, exams,…
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Radiative Transfer Analysis of Neptune’s New Dark Vortex
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tollefson, Joshua; Luszcz-Cook, Statia H.; Wong, Michael H.; de Pater, Imke
2017-10-01
A new dark spot on Neptune was discovered in late 2015, named: "SDS-2015" for "Southern Dark Spot discovered in 2015". Subsequent observations from Hubble Space Telescope Mid-Cycle 23 (PI: Wong) and the Outer Planetary Atmospheres Legacy (OPAL) programs (PI: Simon-Miller) took the first multispectral data over multiple viewing geometries of a Neptunian dark spot, spanning wavelengths from 336 to 763nm. SDS-2015 is visible at blue wavelengths, with contrast from the background atmosphere peaking at 467nm. In this abstract, we present a radiative transfer analysis of the dark spot and surrounding background atmosphere. We summarize our retrieved properties of Neptune's background atmosphere, including its aerosol structure and methane profile, and compare our findings in the optical wavelengths to those in the near-infrared. We then discuss various hypotheses about the make up of SDS-2015 and its interaction with the background atmosphere.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Mashhoon, B.
1982-01-01
The influence of a stochastic and isotropic background of gravitational radiation on timing measurements of pulsars is investigated, and it is shown that pulsar timing noise may be used to establish a significant upper limit of about 10 to the -10th on the total energy density of very long-wavelength stochastic gravitational waves. This places restriction on the strength of very long wavelength gravitational waves in the Friedmann model, and such a background is expected to have no significant effect on the approximately 3 K electromagnetic background radiation or on the dynamics of a cluster of galaxies.
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Seshadri, S.; Garbuzenko, O.B.; Han, T.; Wang, Z.; Minko, T.
2013-01-01
Abstract Background A small nose-only exposure chamber was evaluated for inhalation delivery of drug carrier systems (DCSs) to mice for the treatment of lung cancer. The chamber then was used for inhalation delivery of an anticancer drug, antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), and small interfering RNA (siRNA) directly to the cancerous lungs of mice. Methods The uniformity of particle delivery across the ports of the exposure chamber and stability of the DCS (liposomes) during continuous aerosolization by a Collison nebulizer were examined. The mean produced particle size by number was approximately 130 nm, and the mass median diameter was approximately 270 nm. The system was then used to deliver DCS containing doxorubicin (DOX) and ASO or siRNA targeted to multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) mRNA as suppressors of cancer cell resistance. The retention of the drug in the lungs and the effect on tumor size were compared after inhalation delivery and intravenous injection in a nu/nu mouse model of lung cancer. Results The aerosol mass across the four inhalation ports had a coefficient of variation of less than 12%, and approximately 1.4% of the nebulized mass was available for inhalation at each port. The mean size of 130 nm of liposomal DCS did not change significantly during continuous 60-min aerosolization. For inhalation delivery of DCS with DOX+ASO/siRNA, the amount of drugs available for inhalation was lower compared with intravenous injection of DOX; however, the observed lung dose and the retention time were significantly higher. The delivery of DOX+ASO/siRNA via inhalation resulted in tumor volume reduction of more than 90%, whereas only about 40% reduction was achieved after intravenous injection of DOX. Conclusions The investigated exposure system is suitable for inhalation delivery of complex DCS, and its use to deliver DCS containing anticancer drugs and resistance suppressors via inhalation offered a superior method for lung cancer treatment in mice compared with intravenous injections. PMID:23530772
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Acute Radiation Sickness Amelioration Analysis
1994-05-01
Emetic Drugs 16. PRICE CODE Antagonists 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19, SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT OF...102 UNCLASSIFIED mcuIw IA IIIcaIIin or Isis PAW CLASSFIED BY: N/A since Unclassified. DECLASSIFY ON: N/A since Unclassified. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF...Approximately 2000 documents relevant to the development of the candidate anti-emetic drugs ondansetron (Zofran, Glaxo Pharmaceuticals) and granisetron
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Committee for the Development of the Inner Administration of Universities and Institutions of Higher Education, Helsinki (Finalnd).
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a Finnish committee report that discusses the reorganization of the institutions of higher learning in regards to their internal administration. The Committee proposed legislation based on their findings; they recommended that university administrations should have…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
National Air Pollution Control Administration (DHEW), Raleigh, NC.
This two-part bibliography represents an effort to collect, condense, and organize the literature on the hydrocarbons in relation to air pollution. The approximately 2,300 documents abstracted are all included in the information storage and retrieval system of the National Air Pollution Control Administration's (NAPCA) Air Pollution Technical…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
El Maestro, Mexico, 1970
1970-01-01
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a desclaration drawn up by the participants of the Fourth Mexican National Congress of Normal Education. The declaration points out the importance of teacher training in the educational system, the fundamental problems presently facing this level of studies and the…
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Raymond M. Rice; Robert R. Ziemer; Jack Lewis
2001-01-01
Abstract - The effects of multiple logging disturbances on peak flows and suspended sediment loads from second-growth redwood watersheds were approximately additive. Downstream increases were no greater than would be expected from the proportion of the area disturbed. Annual sediment load increases of from 123 to 269% were measured in tributary watersheds but were...
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The Relation of Age and Reading Ability to Memory Processing.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Marrach, Alexa; Fireman, Gary
This study examined the relation of reading ability, age, and familiarity to iconic and short-term memory processing and how the familiarity of the stimuli affects recall. A total of 10 children in grades 2 through 6 and 10 adults were shown novel abstract forms, words, and non-words varying in order of approximation to English, for 50 msec., 500…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Federation of Yugoslav Organizations for Technical Culture, Belgrade.
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a book prepared by the Federation of Yugoslavia Organizations for Technical Culture ("Narodna Tehnika"). In this book, an attempt is made to (1) establish the current trends in the development of scientific and technical culture and productive technical…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
n10 p43-83, 1971
1971-01-01
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1500 words) describing briefly Mexico's cultural relations with 23 nations with which she has cultural exchange agreements. The reasons for cultural exchange are stated, such as the belief that cultural relations promote good relations among nations. The agreements concluded between…
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Power Spectral Density and Hilbert Transform
2016-12-01
Fourier transform, Hilbert transform, digital filter , SDR 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT UU 18. NUMBER...terms. A very good approximation to the ideal Hilbert transform is a low-pass finite impulse response (FIR) filter . In Fig. 7, we show a real signal...220), converted to an analytic signal using a 255-tap Hilbert transform low-pass filter . For an ideal Hilbert
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Beta-Blockers: An Abstracted Bibliography.
1989-04-04
on subjects in the supine position. Blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethys- mography. Prugs were administered via indwelling catheter (one...PROCEDURES: Noninvasive measuremert of maximum oxygen intake, invasive measurement of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, arterial and mixed venous ...ratio was approximately 0.1:1. Central nervous system-related effects associated with propranolol and metoprolol appear to be the result of high brain
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Cyberspace, the 7th Joint Function for 21st Century Warfare
2017-03-31
such as final, technical, interim, memorandum, master’s thesis, progress, quarterly, research, special, group study, etc . 3. DATE COVERED...procedures, e.g. RD/FRD, PROPIN, ITAR, etc . Include copyright information. 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES. Enter information not included...elsewhere such as: prepared in cooperation with; translation of; report supersedes; old edition number, etc . 14. ABSTRACT. A brief (approximately
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Topology Design for Directional Range Extension Networks with Antenna Blockage
2017-03-19
introduced by pod-based antenna blockages. Using certain modeling approximations, the paper presents a quantitative analysis showing design trade-offs...parameters. Sec- tion IV develops quantitative relationships among key design elements and performance metrics. Section V considers some implications of the...Topology Design for Directional Range Extension Networks with Antenna Blockage Thomas Shake MIT Lincoln Laboratory shake@ll.mit.edu Abstract
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bulletin, 1969
1969-01-01
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a series of research papers on the selection of college and university students. One paper compared the scores gained by three different types of entrants to six universities attracting applicants of high quality. It was found that a candidate has almost no chance of…
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2013-08-14
Time-Varying (LTV); Clohessy - Wiltshire -Hill (CWH) 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 19a. NAME OF...linearized Hill- Clohessy - Wiltshire (HCW) equations [15] approximate the relative motion of the spacecraft on a circular orbit as ẍ− 3n2x− 2nẏ = Fx mc
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Mexico.
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of the draft of a law for the preservation of Mexican national heritage, particularly for the protection, conservation, and recuperation of cultural objects. The document consists of twelve chapters and six articles. Chapter 1 declares the protection, conservation,…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ministry of Education, Tokyo (Japan).
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a two-part report dealing with curriculum improvement in junior high school. The junior high school should provide education for youth having completed elementary school, at that particular phase of physical and mental development, and prepare them for continuing their…
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Natural selection. IV. The Price equation*
Frank, Steven A.
2012-01-01
The Price equation partitions total evolutionary change into two components. The first component provides an abstract expression of natural selection. The second component subsumes all other evolutionary processes, including changes during transmission. The natural selection component is often used in applications. Those applications attract widespread interest for their simplicity of expression and ease of interpretation. Those same applications attract widespread criticism by dropping the second component of evolutionary change and by leaving unspecified the detailed assumptions needed for a complete study of dynamics. Controversies over approximation and dynamics have nothing to do with the Price equation itself, which is simply a mathematical equivalence relation for total evolutionary change expressed in an alternative form. Disagreements about approach have to do with the tension between the relative valuation of abstract versus concrete analyses. The Price equation’s greatest value has been on the abstract side, particularly the invariance relations that illuminate the understanding of natural selection. Those abstract insights lay the foundation for applications in terms of kin selection, information theory interpretations of natural selection, and partitions of causes by path analysis. I discuss recent critiques of the Price equation by Nowak and van Veelen. PMID:22487312
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Natural selection. IV. The Price equation.
Frank, S A
2012-06-01
The Price equation partitions total evolutionary change into two components. The first component provides an abstract expression of natural selection. The second component subsumes all other evolutionary processes, including changes during transmission. The natural selection component is often used in applications. Those applications attract widespread interest for their simplicity of expression and ease of interpretation. Those same applications attract widespread criticism by dropping the second component of evolutionary change and by leaving unspecified the detailed assumptions needed for a complete study of dynamics. Controversies over approximation and dynamics have nothing to do with the Price equation itself, which is simply a mathematical equivalence relation for total evolutionary change expressed in an alternative form. Disagreements about approach have to do with the tension between the relative valuation of abstract versus concrete analyses. The Price equation's greatest value has been on the abstract side, particularly the invariance relations that illuminate the understanding of natural selection. Those abstract insights lay the foundation for applications in terms of kin selection, information theory interpretations of natural selection and partitions of causes by path analysis. I discuss recent critiques of the Price equation by Nowak and van Veelen. © 2012 The Authors. Journal of Evolutionary Biology © 2012 European Society For Evolutionary Biology.
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A Simple and Practical Dictionary-based Approach for Identification of Proteins in Medline Abstracts
Egorov, Sergei; Yuryev, Anton; Daraselia, Nikolai
2004-01-01
Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a practical and efficient protein identification system for biomedical corpora. Design: The developed system, called ProtScan, utilizes a carefully constructed dictionary of mammalian proteins in conjunction with a specialized tokenization algorithm to identify and tag protein name occurrences in biomedical texts and also takes advantage of Medline “Name-of-Substance” (NOS) annotation. The dictionaries for ProtScan were constructed in a semi-automatic way from various public-domain sequence databases followed by an intensive expert curation step. Measurements: The recall and precision of the system have been determined using 1,000 randomly selected and hand-tagged Medline abstracts. Results: The developed system is capable of identifying protein occurrences in Medline abstracts with a 98% precision and 88% recall. It was also found to be capable of processing approximately 300 abstracts per second. Without utilization of NOS annotation, precision and recall were found to be 98.5% and 84%, respectively. Conclusion: The developed system appears to be well suited for protein-based Medline indexing and can help to improve biomedical information retrieval. Further approaches to ProtScan's recall improvement also are discussed. PMID:14764613
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Li, Pai; Huang, Yuehui; Jia, Yanbing; Liu, Jichun; Niu, Yi
2018-02-01
Abstract . This article has studies on the generation investment decision in the background of global energy interconnection. Generation investment decision model considering the multiagent benefit is proposed. Under the back-ground of global energy Interconnection, generation investors in different clean energy base not only compete with other investors, but also facing being chosen by the power of the central area, therefor, constructing generation investment decision model considering multiagent benefit can be close to meet the interests demands. Using game theory, the complete information game model is adopted to solve the strategies of different subjects in equilibrium state.
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Is God just a big person? Children's conceptions of God across cultures and religious traditions.
Nyhof, Melanie A; Johnson, Carl N
2017-03-01
The present research examines the influence of intuitive cognitive domain and religion on the God concepts of children growing up in religious traditions that present God in ways varying from abstract to concrete. In Study 1, we compared children from a Latter-Day Saints (LDS) background with those from mainstream Christian (MC) backgrounds in the United States. In contrast to MC theology that holds that God is all-knowing, all-powerful, and disembodied, LDS theology depicts God as embodied. In Study 1, 3- to 7-year-olds from LDS and MC backgrounds were asked about supernatural mental and immaterial attributes of God, a ghost, a dad, and a bug. In Study 2, children ages 3-7 from Muslim and Catholic backgrounds in Indonesia were presented with a variant of Study 1. Taken together, the two studies examine the God concepts of children raised in three different religious traditions with God concepts that range from highly abstract to concrete. Overall, we find that the youngest children, regardless of religion, distinguish God from humans and hold similar ideas of God, attributing more supernatural psychological than physical properties. Older children's conceptions of God are more in line with the theological notions of their traditions. The results suggest that children are not simply anthropomorphic in their God concepts, but early on understand supernatural agents as having special mental properties and they continue to learn about differences between agents, influenced by their religious traditions. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject Research on children's God concepts has established that children begin to distinguish the mind of God from that of humans by around age 4-5. The main debate in the field is whether children start out thinking about God in anthropomorphic terms or whether they start out with an undifferentiated idea of agents' minds as all having access to knowledge. Research on children's understanding of immortality has demonstrated that around the same age that children begin differentiating God's mind from human minds, they also differentiate between the two in terms of life-cycle attributes, attributing immortality to God, but not to humans. What does this study add? The present research contributes to the field by examining the God concepts of children from different religious backgrounds. These religious backgrounds have theologies with God concepts that range from physically concrete (Latter-Day Saints or Mormonism) to highly abstract (Islam). We also include Christian samples for comparison. The present research examines children's attributions to different supernatural agents including God, but also a ghost and an angel. The present studies look at children's attribution of not only supernatural mental attributions, but also the supernatural physical attributions of immateriality and omnipresence that have been understudied. © 2017 The British Psychological Society.
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Automating document classification for the Immune Epitope Database
Wang, Peng; Morgan, Alexander A; Zhang, Qing; Sette, Alessandro; Peters, Bjoern
2007-01-01
Background The Immune Epitope Database contains information on immune epitopes curated manually from the scientific literature. Like similar projects in other knowledge domains, significant effort is spent on identifying which articles are relevant for this purpose. Results We here report our experience in automating this process using Naïve Bayes classifiers trained on 20,910 abstracts classified by domain experts. Improvements on the basic classifier performance were made by a) utilizing information stored in PubMed beyond the abstract itself b) applying standard feature selection criteria and c) extracting domain specific feature patterns that e.g. identify peptides sequences. We have implemented the classifier into the curation process determining if abstracts are clearly relevant, clearly irrelevant, or if no certain classification can be made, in which case the abstracts are manually classified. Testing this classification scheme on an independent dataset, we achieve 95% sensitivity and specificity in the 51.1% of abstracts that were automatically classified. Conclusion By implementing text classification, we have sped up the reference selection process without sacrificing sensitivity or specificity of the human expert classification. This study provides both practical recommendations for users of text classification tools, as well as a large dataset which can serve as a benchmark for tool developers. PMID:17655769
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Characteristics of ovulation method acceptors: a cross-cultural assessment.
Klaus, H; Labbok, M; Barker, D
1988-01-01
Five programs of instruction in the ovulation method (OM) in diverse geographic and cultural settings are described, and characteristics of approximately 200 consecutive OM acceptors in each program are examined. Major findings include: the religious background and family size of acceptors are variable, as is the level of previous contraceptive use. Acceptors are drawn from a wide range of socioeconomic and religious backgrounds; however, family planning intention was similarly distributed in all five countries. In sum, the ovulation method is accepted by persons from a variety of backgrounds within and between cultural setting.
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Biomedical aspects of natural and manufactured environmental radioactivity
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Hodge, V.
1996-12-31
While weapons testing has altered natural radioactivity background, manufactured radioactivity in most parts of the world constitutes but a very small fraction of the total alpha, beta, and gamma radioactivity in soil, air, water, and the biota. For example, in the early 1970s, we found what appeared to be the highest natural concentration of radioactivity ever reported in fish while attempting to measure the manufactured plutonium ({sup 239}Pu and {sup 240}Pu) in organs of oceanic tuna. The natural alpha emitter polonium ({sup 210}Po) was discovered in the same organs at orders of magnitude higher concentrations. In particular, the caecum, whichmore » is a digestive organ composed of many small closed-ended sacs, contained concentrations of polonium as high as 79 pCi/g of wet tissue and lesser amounts of two manufactured isotopes: 0.0001 pCi/g of plutonium and 0.01 pCi/g of radiocesium ({sup 137}Cs). This equates to {approximately}80 rem/yr of radiation dose to this organ, overwhelmingly from the natural polonium, or {approximately}5000 times higher than is found in the human liver, the highest polonium concentration in man. The average background radiation for humans, for comparison, is {approximately}0.2 rem/yr, but the dose for Japanese, whose diet is high in seafood, is {approximately}15 rem/yr. The question arose: {open_quotes}Are these high concentrations of natural polonium limited to oceanic fish?{close_quotes} To answer this question, polonium was determined in the organs of striped bass and catfish from Lake Mead. In a related study, the plutonium and radiocesium ({sup 137}Cs) distributions in soils were determined to ascertain the impact of weapons testing on the natural background radioactivity of soils.« less
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Tan, Ting; Yang, Xueliang; Krauter, Caroline M; Ju, Yiguang; Carter, Emily A
2015-06-18
The kinetics of hydrogen abstraction by five radicals (H, O((3)P), OH, CH3, and HO2) from methyl acetate (MA) is investigated theoretically in order to gain further understanding of certain aspects of the combustion chemistry of biodiesels, such as the effect of the ester moiety. We employ ab initio quantum chemistry methods, coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples correction (CCSD(T)) and multireference averaged coupled pair functional theory (MRACPF2), to predict chemically accurate reaction energetics. Overall, MRACPF2 predicts slightly higher barrier heights than CCSD(T) for MA + H/CH3/O/OH, but slightly lower barrier heights for hydrogen abstraction by HO2. Based on the obtained reaction energies, we also report high-pressure-limit rate constants using transition state theory (TST) in conjunction with the separable-hindered-rotor approximation, the variable reaction coordinate TST, and the multi-structure all-structure approach. The fitted modified Arrhenius expressions are provided over a temperature range of 250 to 2000 K. The predictions are in good agreement with available experimental results. Abstractions from both of the methyl groups in MA are expected to contribute to consumption of the fuel as they exhibit similar rate coefficients. The reactions involving the OH radical are predicted to have the highest rates among the five abstracting radicals, while those initiated by HO2 are expected to be the lowest.
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Physical principles for DNA tile self-assembly.
Evans, Constantine G; Winfree, Erik
2017-06-19
DNA tiles provide a promising technique for assembling structures with nanoscale resolution through self-assembly by basic interactions rather than top-down assembly of individual structures. Tile systems can be programmed to grow based on logical rules, allowing for a small number of tile types to assemble large, complex assemblies that can retain nanoscale resolution. Such algorithmic systems can even assemble different structures using the same tiles, based on inputs that seed the growth. While programming and theoretical analysis of tile self-assembly often makes use of abstract logical models of growth, experimentally implemented systems are governed by nanoscale physical processes that can lead to very different behavior, more accurately modeled by taking into account the thermodynamics and kinetics of tile attachment and detachment in solution. This review discusses the relationships between more abstract and more physically realistic tile assembly models. A central concern is how consideration of model differences enables the design of tile systems that robustly exhibit the desired abstract behavior in realistic physical models and in experimental implementations. Conversely, we identify situations where self-assembly in abstract models can not be well-approximated by physically realistic models, putting constraints on physical relevance of the abstract models. To facilitate the discussion, we introduce a unified model of tile self-assembly that clarifies the relationships between several well-studied models in the literature. Throughout, we highlight open questions regarding the physical principles for DNA tile self-assembly.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rybicki, G. B.; Hummer, D. G.
1991-01-01
A method is presented for solving multilevel transfer problems when nonoverlapping lines and background continuum are present and active continuum transfer is absent. An approximate lambda operator is employed to derive linear, 'preconditioned', statistical-equilibrium equations. A method is described for finding the diagonal elements of the 'true' numerical lambda operator, and therefore for obtaining the coefficients of the equations. Iterations of the preconditioned equations, in conjunction with the transfer equation's formal solution, are used to solve linear equations. Some multilevel problems are considered, including an eleven-level neutral helium atom. Diagonal and tridiagonal approximate lambda operators are utilized in the problems to examine the convergence properties of the method, and it is found to be effective for the line transfer problems.
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Lunar Roving Vehicle photographed against lunar background during EVA
1971-08-01
AS15-88-11901 (31 July-2 Aug. 1971) --- The Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) is photographed alone against the desolate lunar background during the third Apollo 15 lunar surface extravehicular activity (EVA) at the Hadley-Apennine landing site. This view is looking north. The west edge of Mount Hadley is at the upper right edge of the picture. Mount Hadley rises approximately 4,500 meters (about 4,765 feet) above the plain. The most distant lunar feature visible is approximately 25 kilometers (about 15.5 statute miles) away. While astronauts David R. Scott, commander; and James B. Irwin, lunar module pilot, descended in the Lunar Module (LM) "Falcon" to explore the moon, astronaut Alfred M. Worden, command module pilot, remained with the Command and Service Modules (CSM) in lunar orbit.
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The Nature of the Unresolved Extragalactic Cosmic Soft X-Ray Background
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Cappelluti, N.; Ranalli, P.; Roncarelli, M.; Arevalo, P.; Zamorani, G.; Comastri, A.; Gilli, R.; Rovilos, E.; Vignali, C.; Allevato, V.;
2013-01-01
In this paper we investigate the power spectrum of the unresolved 0.5-2 keV cosmic X-ray background (CXB) with deep Chandra 4-Msec (Ms) observations in the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS). We measured a signal that, on scales >30 arcsec, is significantly higher than the shot noise and is increasing with angular scale. We interpreted this signal as the joint contribution of clustered undetected sources like active galactic nuclei (AGN), galaxies and the intergalactic medium (IGM). The power of unresolved cosmic source fluctuations accounts for approximately 12 per cent of the 0.5-2 keV extragalactic CXB. Overall, our modelling predicts that approximately 20 per cent of the unresolved CXB flux is produced by low-luminosity AGN, approximately 25 per cent by galaxies and approximately 55 per cent by the IGM. We do not find any direct evidence of the so-called 'warm hot intergalactic medium' (i.e. matter with 10(exp 5) less than T less than 10(exp 7) K and density contrast delta less than 1000), but we estimated that it could produce about 1/7 of the unresolved CXB. We placed an upper limit on the space density of postulated X-ray-emitting early black holes at z greater than 7.5 and compared it with supermassive black hole evolution models.
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2010-01-01
Background The study of implementing research findings into practice is rapidly growing and has acquired many competing names (e.g., dissemination, uptake, utilization, translation) and contributing disciplines. The use of multiple terms across disciplines pose barriers to communication and progress for applying research findings. We sought to establish an inventory of terms describing this field and how often authors use them in a collection of health literature published in 2006. Methods We refer to this field as knowledge translation (KT). Terms describing aspects of KT and their definitions were collected from literature, the internet, reports, textbooks, and contact with experts. We compiled a database of KT and other articles by reading 12 healthcare journals representing multiple disciplines. All articles published in these journals in 2006 were categorized as being KT or not. The KT articles (all KT) were further categorized, if possible, for whether they described KT projects or implementations (KT application articles), or presented the theoretical basis, models, tools, methods, or techniques of KT (KT theory articles). Accuracy was checked using duplicate reading. Custom designed software determined how often KT terms were used in the titles and abstracts of articles categorized as being KT. Results A total of 2,603 articles were assessed, and 581 were identified as KT articles. Of these, 201 described KT applications, and 153 included KT theory. Of the 100 KT terms collected, 46 were used by the authors in the titles or abstracts of articles categorized as being KT. For all 581 KT articles, eight terms or term variations used by authors were highly discriminating for separating KT and non-KT articles (p < 0.001): implementation, adoption, quality improvement, dissemination, complex intervention (with multiple endings), implementation (within three words of) research, and complex intervention. More KT terms were associated with KT application articles (n = 13) and KT theory articles (n = 18). Conclusions We collected 100 terms describing KT research. Authors used 46 of them in titles and abstracts of KT articles. Of these, approximately half discriminated between KT and non-KT articles. Thus, the need for consolidation and consistent use of fewer terms related to KT research is evident. PMID:21080976
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Scherer, Roberta W.; Huynh, Lynn; Ervin, Ann-Margret; Dickersin, Kay
2015-01-01
Background Including results from unpublished randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in a systematic review may ameliorate the effect of publication bias in systematic review results. Unpublished RCTs are sometimes described in abstracts presented at conferences, included in trials registers, or both. Trial results may not be available in a trials register and abstracts describing RCT results often lack study design information. Complementary information from a trials register record may be sufficient to allow reliable inclusion of an unpublished RCT only available as an abstract in a systematic review. Methods We identified 496 abstracts describing RCTs presented at the 2007 to 2009 Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) meetings; 154 RCTs were registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. Two persons extracted verbatim primary and non-primary outcomes reported in the abstract and ClinicalTrials.gov record. We compared each abstract outcome with all ClinicalTrials.gov outcomes and coded matches as complete, partial, or no match. Results We identified 800 outcomes in 152 abstracts (95 primary [51 abstracts] and 705 [141 abstracts] non-primary outcomes). No outcomes were reported in 2 abstracts. Of 95 primary outcomes, 17 (18%) agreed completely, 53 (56%) partially, and 25 (26%) had no match with a ClinicalTrials.gov primary or non-primary outcome. Among 705 non-primary outcomes, 56 (8%) agreed completely, 205 (29%) agreed partially, and 444 (63%) had no match with a ClinicalTrials.gov primary or non-primary outcome. Among the 258 outcomes partially agreeing, we found additional information on the time when the outcome was measured more often in ClinicalTrials.gov than in the abstract (141/258 (55%) versus 55/258 (21%)). We found no association between the presence of non-matching “new” outcomes and year of registration, time to registry update, industry sponsorship, or multi-center status. Conclusion Conference abstracts may be a valuable source of information about results for outcomes of unpublished RCTs that have been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. Complementary additional descriptive information may be present for outcomes reported in both sources. However, ARVO abstract authors also present outcomes not reported in ClinicalTrials.gov and these may represent analyses not originally planned. PMID:26107924
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Modern Quantum Field Theory II - Proceeeings of the International Colloquium
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Das, S. R.; Mandal, G.; Mukhi, S.; Wadia, S. R.
1995-08-01
The Table of Contents for the book is as follows: * Foreword * 1. Black Holes and Quantum Gravity * Quantum Black Holes and the Problem of Time * Black Hole Entropy and the Semiclassical Approximation * Entropy and Information Loss in Two Dimensions * Strings on a Cone and Black Hole Entropy (Abstract) * Boundary Dynamics, Black Holes and Spacetime Fluctuations in Dilation Gravity (Abstract) * Pair Creation of Black Holes (Abstract) * A Brief View of 2-Dim. String Theory and Black Holes (Abstract) * 2. String Theory * Non-Abelian Duality in WZW Models * Operators and Correlation Functions in c ≤ 1 String Theory * New Symmetries in String Theory * A Look at the Discretized Superstring Using Random Matrices * The Nested BRST Structure of Wn-Symmetries * Landau-Ginzburg Model for a Critical Topological String (Abstract) * On the Geometry of Wn Gravity (Abstract) * O(d, d) Tranformations, Marginal Deformations and the Coset Construction in WZNW Models (Abstract) * Nonperturbative Effects and Multicritical Behaviour of c = 1 Matrix Model (Abstract) * Singular Limits and String Solutions (Abstract) * BV Algebra on the Moduli Spaces of Riemann Surfaces and String Field Theory (Abstract) * 3. Condensed Matter and Statistical Mechanics * Stochastic Dynamics in a Deposition-Evaporation Model on a Line * Models with Inverse-Square Interactions: Conjectured Dynamical Correlation Functions of the Calogero-Sutherland Model at Rational Couplings * Turbulence and Generic Scale Invariance * Singular Perturbation Approach to Phase Ordering Dynamics * Kinetics of Diffusion-Controlled and Ballistically-Controlled Reactions * Field Theory of a Frustrated Heisenberg Spin Chain * FQHE Physics in Relativistic Field Theories * Importance of Initial Conditions in Determining the Dynamical Class of Cellular Automata (Abstract) * Do Hard-Core Bosons Exhibit Quantum Hall Effect? (Abstract) * Hysteresis in Ferromagnets * 4. Fundamental Aspects of Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory * Finite Quantum Physics and Noncommutative Geometry * Higgs as Gauge Field and the Standard Model * Canonical Quantisation of an Off-Conformal Theory * Deterministic Quantum Mechanics in One Dimension * Spin-Statistics Relations for Topological Geons in 2+1 Quantum Gravity * Generalized Fock Spaces * Geometrical Expression for Short Distance Singularities in Field Theory * 5. Mathematics and Quantum Field Theory * Knot Invariants from Quantum Field Theories * Infinite Grassmannians and Moduli Spaces of G-Bundles * A Review of an Algebraic Geometry Approach to a Model Quantum Field Theory on a Curve (Abstract) * 6. Integrable Models * Spectral Representation of Correlation Functions in Two-Dimensional Quantum Field Theories * On Various Avatars of the Pasquier Algebra * Supersymmetric Integrable Field Theories and Eight Vertex Free Fermion Models (Abstract) * 7. Lattice Field Theory * From Kondo Model and Strong Coupling Lattice QCD to the Isgur-Wise Function * Effective Confinement from a Logarithmically Running Coupling (Abstract)
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Miller, Cortney; Heringa, Spencer; Kim, Jinkyung; Jiang, Xiuping
2013-06-01
This study analyzed various organic fertilizers for indicator microorganisms, pathogens, and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli, and evaluated the growth potential of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in fertilizers. A microbiological survey was conducted on 103 organic fertilizers from across the United States. Moisture content ranged from approximately 1% to 86.4%, and the average pH was 7.77. The total aerobic mesophiles ranged from approximately 3 to 9 log colony-forming units (CFU)/g. Enterobacteriaceae populations were in the range of <1 to approximately 7 log CFU/g, while coliform levels varied from <1 to approximately 6 log CFU/g. Thirty samples (29%) were positive for E. coli, with levels reaching approximately 6 log CFU/g. There were no confirmed positives for E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, or Listeria monocytogenes. The majority of E. coli isolates (n=73), confirmed by glutamate decarboxylase (gad) PCR, were from group B1 (48%) and group A (32%). Resistance to 16 antibiotics was examined for 73 E. coli isolates, with 11 isolates having resistance to at least one antibiotic, 5 isolates to ≥ 2 antibiotics, and 2 isolates to ≥ 10 antibiotics. In the presence of high levels of background aerobic mesophiles, Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 grew approximately 1 log CFU/g within 1 day of incubation in plant-based compost and fish emulsion-based compost, respectively. With low levels of background aerobic mesophiles, Salmonella grew approximately 2.6, 3.0, 3.0, and 3.2 log CFU/g in blood, bone, and feather meals and the mixed-source fertilizer, respectively, whereas E. coli O157:H7 grew approximately 4.6, 4.0, 4.0, and 4.8 log CFU/g, respectively. Our results revealed that the microbiological quality of organic fertilizers varies greatly, with some fertilizers containing antibiotic resistant E. coli and a few supporting the growth of foodborne pathogens after reintroduction into the fertilizer.
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Normal and compound poisson approximations for pattern occurrences in NGS reads.
Zhai, Zhiyuan; Reinert, Gesine; Song, Kai; Waterman, Michael S; Luan, Yihui; Sun, Fengzhu
2012-06-01
Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are now widely used in many biological studies. In NGS, sequence reads are randomly sampled from the genome sequence of interest. Most computational approaches for NGS data first map the reads to the genome and then analyze the data based on the mapped reads. Since many organisms have unknown genome sequences and many reads cannot be uniquely mapped to the genomes even if the genome sequences are known, alternative analytical methods are needed for the study of NGS data. Here we suggest using word patterns to analyze NGS data. Word pattern counting (the study of the probabilistic distribution of the number of occurrences of word patterns in one or multiple long sequences) has played an important role in molecular sequence analysis. However, no studies are available on the distribution of the number of occurrences of word patterns in NGS reads. In this article, we build probabilistic models for the background sequence and the sampling process of the sequence reads from the genome. Based on the models, we provide normal and compound Poisson approximations for the number of occurrences of word patterns from the sequence reads, with bounds on the approximation error. The main challenge is to consider the randomness in generating the long background sequence, as well as in the sampling of the reads using NGS. We show the accuracy of these approximations under a variety of conditions for different patterns with various characteristics. Under realistic assumptions, the compound Poisson approximation seems to outperform the normal approximation in most situations. These approximate distributions can be used to evaluate the statistical significance of the occurrence of patterns from NGS data. The theory and the computational algorithm for calculating the approximate distributions are then used to analyze ChIP-Seq data using transcription factor GABP. Software is available online (www-rcf.usc.edu/∼fsun/Programs/NGS_motif_power/NGS_motif_power.html). In addition, Supplementary Material can be found online (www.liebertonline.com/cmb).
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A Scientific Workflow Platform for Generic and Scalable Object Recognition on Medical Images
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Möller, Manuel; Tuot, Christopher; Sintek, Michael
In the research project THESEUS MEDICO we aim at a system combining medical image information with semantic background knowledge from ontologies to give clinicians fully cross-modal access to biomedical image repositories. Therefore joint efforts have to be made in more than one dimension: Object detection processes have to be specified in which an abstraction is performed starting from low-level image features across landmark detection utilizing abstract domain knowledge up to high-level object recognition. We propose a system based on a client-server extension of the scientific workflow platform Kepler that assists the collaboration of medical experts and computer scientists during development and parameter learning.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Stoddart, P. R.; Cadusch, P. J.; Boyce, T. M.; Erasmus, R. M.; Comins, J. D.
2006-02-01
The transparent wings of some cicada species present ordered arrays of papillary structures with a spacing of approximately 200 nm. These structures serve an antireflection function, with optical transmission peaking at a value of approximately 98% and rising above 90% over a broad band from 450 to 2500 nm. The dimensions of the papillae are comparable to the roughness scale of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. SERS measurements performed on silver- and gold-coated wings display enhancement factors of approximately 106 with no apparent background contribution from the wing.
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Bennett, B; Carosone-Link, P; Beeson, M; Gordon, L; Phares-Zook, N; Johnson, T E
2008-08-01
Interval-specific congenic strains (ISCS) allow fine mapping of a quantitative trait locus (QTL), narrowing its confidence interval by an order of magnitude or more. In earlier work, we mapped four QTL specifying differential ethanol sensitivity, assessed by loss of righting reflex because of ethanol (LORE), in the inbred long-sleep (ILS) and inbred short-sleep (ISS) strains, accounting for approximately 50% of the genetic variance for this trait. Subsequently, we generated reciprocal congenic strains in which each full QTL interval from ILS was bred onto the ISS background and vice versa. An earlier paper reported construction and results of the ISCS on the ISS background; here, we describe this process and report results on the ILS background. We developed multiple ISCS for each Lore QTL in which the QTL interval was broken into a number of smaller intervals. For each of the four QTL regions (chromosomes 1, 2, 11 and 15), we were successful in reducing the intervals significantly. Multiple, positive strains were overlapped to generate a single, reduced interval. Subsequently, this reduced region was overlaid on previous reductions from the ISS background congenics, resulting in substantial reductions in all QTL regions by approximately 75% from the initial mapping study. Genes with sequence or expression polymorphisms in the reduced intervals are potential candidates; evidence for these is presented. Genetic background effects can be important in detection of single QTL; combining this information with the generation of congenics on both backgrounds, as described here, is a powerful approach for fine mapping QTL.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Tarhan, Leman; Ayyildiz, Yildizay; Ogunc, Aylin; Sesen, Burcin Acar
2013-01-01
Background: Cooperative learning is an active learning approach in which students work together in small groups to complete an assigned task. Students commonly find the subject of "physical and chemical changes" difficult and abstract, and thus they generally have many misconceptions about it. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the…
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-07-23
.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background On March 22, 2010, the Department published its Preliminary Results of the... Society Chemical Abstract Service (``CAS'') Registry 128-44-9); (2) calcium saccharin (CAS Registry 6485.... Most of the U.S.-produced and imported grades of saccharin from the PRC are sodium and calcium...
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Abstract for Manganese 2016A historical overview of the development of manganese (Mn) pharmacokinetic data under Section 211(b) of the Clean Air Act (CAA)William K BoyesBackground. In the 1990’s, the use of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) as an octane-enh...
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Verb Form Indicates Discourse Segment Type in Biological Research Papers: Experimental Evidence
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
de Waard, Anita; Maat, Henk Pander
2012-01-01
Corpus studies suggest that verb tense is a differentiating feature between, on the one hand, text pertaining to experimental results (involving methods and results) and on the other hand, text pertaining to more abstract concepts (i.e. regarding background knowledge in a field, hypotheses, problems or claims). In this paper, we describe a user…
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Evolution of Policy Leading to the 2006 General Dental Service Contract and Some Possible Outcomes
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Downer, Martin C.; Drugan, Caroline S.
2007-01-01
Background and objective: This paper was designed to rehearse the evolution of policy for the UK NHS General Dental Service (and related services) since its inception in 1948, culminating in the establishment of a new contract for general dental practitioners in 2006. Methods: Information was abstracted from the literature, historical records,…
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Pyro: A Python-Based Versatile Programming Environment for Teaching Robotics
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Blank, Douglas; Kumar, Deepak; Meeden, Lisa; Yanco, Holly
2004-01-01
In this article we describe a programming framework called Pyro, which provides a set of abstractions that allows students to write platform-independent robot programs. This project is unique because of its focus on the pedagogical implications of teaching mobile robotics via a top-down approach. We describe the background of the project, its…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Jehopio, Peter J.; Wesonga, Ronald
2017-01-01
Background: The main objective of the study was to examine the relevance of engineering mathematics to the emerging industries. The level of abstraction, the standard of rigor, and the depth of theoretical treatment are necessary skills expected of a graduate engineering technician to be derived from mathematical knowledge. The question of whether…
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1992-01-01
GROUP j SUB-GROUP Lead, Weapons Systems, Microwave Radiation, Male 16; 19 03 1 Reproductive Effects 17 10 19. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if... 1 INTRODUCTION ............ ................... 2 BACKGROUND ............................................... 4 EXPOSURE CHARACTERIZATION...APPENDIX C ............................................... 132 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 . Graphic representation for trend with respect to statistically
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USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Abstract Background: Literature reports suggest that phytochemicals, such as isoflavones found in soybeans, impair reproductive function in animals and raise the possibility that consuming soy infant formula could alter hormonally sensitive organ development in children. Objective: This study compar...
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The Republic of the Philippines: Background and U.S. Relations
2007-08-10
cost of living. 21 The HDI ranks countries according to human development indicators of life expectancy, education, literacy, and gross domestic...sovereignty over Mischief Reef, which is one of approximately 100 reefs and islands disputed by five Southeast Asian countries . A Visiting Forces...Order Code RL33233 The Republic of the Philippines: Background and U.S. Relations Updated August 10, 2007 Thomas Lum Specialist in Asian Affairs
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75 FR 28620 - Agency Forms Undergoing Paperwork Reduction Act Review
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-05-21
... Promotion (NCCDPHP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Background and Brief Description... approximately 440,000 deaths annually and contributing to $92 billion annually in lost worker productivity...
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Fried, Charles; And Others
In a survey of the state of the art in ergonomics (human factors) as it has been applied to coal mining, approximately 1,200 references in the published literature both foreign and domestic were located. Abstracts of 49 references were prepared on such topics as the effects of environmental stress on health and productivity, accident prevention…
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Li-SF(6) Combustion in Stored Chemical Energy Propulsion Systems
1990-07-01
S 3. STRUCTURE OF SF6 3ETS IN MOLTEN LI ........... ................. 8 3.1 Mathematical Model ...ill - ABSTRACT Appropriate thermodynamic models and thermo-chemical data for multicompo- nents and immiscible phases have been Incorporated into a code...by a simplified integral model which was improved9 by the use of the local homogeneous flow approximation, equilibrium combustion model and Kc-C-g
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Shaffer, D., Comp.
Approximately 250 abstracts of currently active (1975-1976) British research into child psychiatric disorder and normal social development are presented. It is explained that the information was gathered from a 1974 survey of research and education organizations, child psychiatrists at medical schools, and the heads of academic departments of…
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Center for Opto-Electronic Systems Research.
1988-02-01
Stroud, Jr. The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester Rochester, New York 14627 USA Abstract The Jaynes - Cummings model of a single two-level...surfaces, possibly to include certain classes of surfaces without rotational symmetry. An initial investigation was made of the surface roughness...number density of approximately 1018 - and the forward-going pump wave both enter the nonlinear -.molecules/cm3 . The intensities of the interacting
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ministry of Education, Cairo (United Arab Republic).
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a publication outlining the objectives and problems of vocational education in the United Arab Republic. The data presented include both the general objectives of vocational education and the specific goals of each type. The goal of vocational education is to prepare…
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
McGlynn, S.P.
1977-08-18
The comprehensive report includes a complete list of publications resulting from the work and a review of studies made in the vacuum ultraviolet, photoelectron spectroscopy, excited states and electron structure of inorganic salts, a model for polar molecules, application of abstract mathematics to the genetic code, the orbital approximation in which orbital properties are related to state properties. (JSR)
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Computing the Effects of Strain on Electronic States: A Survey of Methods and Issues
2012-12-01
DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT We present a...lays the foundations for first-principles approaches, including discussion of spin-orbit coupling. Section 3 presents an overview of empirical...addition and removal energies of the independent-electron approximation. For simplicity, the energy levels in the figure have been presented as if they
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
United Arab Republic.
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a law passed by the UAR legislation covering elementary, preparatory, and secondary education. This law covers general regulations common to all three stages of education, the objectives of which are defined as the general intellectual, physical, moral, civic and national…
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Radar Observations of Near-Earth Asteroids 2000 UG11 and 2000 UK11
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Nolan, M. C.; Margot, J.-L.; Howell, E. S.; Benner, L. A. M.; Ostro, S. J.; Jurgens, R. F.; Giorgini, J. D.; Campbell, D. B.
2001-01-01
Two small near-Earth asteroids, 2000 UG11 and 2000 UK11 were observed using the Arecibo and Goldstone radars a week after their discovery. 2000 UK11 is a rapidly rotating (3 min) approximately 30 m solid body. 2000 UG11 is two bodies separated by at least 300 m Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract..
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Instituto Nacional de Pedagogia (Mexico).
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a guide prepared by the National Pedagogic Institute for the teaching of reading and writing. The general principles in the guide will tend to unify first grade teaching methods. A brief presentation gives a description of the parts in which the guide is divided. (1)…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bozovic, L. I.
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a three-part volume on the psychology of child personality development. In part one, the author shows that psychology is one of the most important scientific disciplines on which education is based, particularly because of its contribution to the scientific planning of…
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Computational Methods for Control and Estimation of Distributed System
1988-08-01
prey example. [1987, August] Estimation of Nonlinearities in Parabolic Models for Growth, Predation and Dispersal of Populations. S a ON A VARIATIONAL ...NOTATION 17. COSATI CODES 18. SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number) FIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP 19. ABSTRACT (Continue...techniques for infinite dimensional systems. (v) Control and stabilization of visco-elastic structures. (vi) Approximation in delay and Volterra type
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Restoration of juniper savanna on the pueblo of Santa Ana, Sandoval County, New Mexico
Glenn Harper
2008-01-01
(Please note, this is an extended abstract only) The Pueblo of Santa Ana (Pueblo) is located in north central New Mexico within southeastern Sandoval County, about 15 miles north of Albuquerque and 45 miles south of Santa Fe. The Pueblo encompasses approximately 79,000 acres of trust lands. Between 1999 and 2001, the Pueblo of Santa Ana Department of Natural Resources...
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Aleksandrov, A. P.; Berezovoy, A. N.; Galper, A. M.; Grachev, V. M.; Dmitrenko, V. V.; Kirillov-Ugryumov, V. G.; Lebedev, V. V.; Lyakhov, V. A.; Moiseyev, A. A.; Ulin, S. Y.
1985-09-01
Coding collimators are used to improve the angular resolution of gamma-ray telescopes at energies above 50 MeV. However, the interaction of cosmic rays with the collimation material can lead to the appearance of a gamma-ray background flux which can have a deleterious effect on measurement efficiency. An experiment was performed on the Salyut-6-Soyuz spacecraft system with the Elena-F small-scale gamma-ray telescope in order to measure the magnitude of this background. It is shown that, even at a zenith angle of approximately zero degrees (the angle at which the gamma-ray observations are made), the coding collimator has only an insignificant effect on the background conditions.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lamberts, T.; Fedoseev, G.; Kästner, J.; Ioppolo, S.; Linnartz, H.
2017-03-01
We present a combined experimental and theoretical study focussing on the quantum tunneling of atoms in the reaction between CH4 and OH. The importance of this reaction pathway is derived by investigating isotope substituted analogs. Quantitative reaction rates needed for astrochemical models at low temperature are currently unavailable both in the solid state and in the gas phase. Here, we study tunneling effects upon hydrogen abstraction in CH4 + OH by focusing on two reactions: CH4 + OD → CH3 + HDO and CD4 + OH → CD3 + HDO. The experimental study shows that the solid-state reaction rate RCH4 + OD is higher than RCD4 + OH at 15 K. Experimental results are accompanied by calculations of the corresponding unimolecular and bimolecular reaction rate constants using instanton theory taking into account surface effects. For the work presented here, the unimolecular reactions are particularly interesting as these provide insight into reactions following a Langmuir-Hinshelwood process. The resulting ratio of the rate constants shows that the H abstraction (kCH4 + OD) is approximately ten times faster than D-abstraction (kCD4 + OH) at 65 K. We conclude that tunneling is involved at low temperatures in the abstraction reactions studied here. The unimolecular rate constants can be used by the modeling community as a first approach to describe OH-mediated abstraction reactions in the solid phase. For this reason we provide fits of our calculated rate constants that allow the inclusion of these reactions in models in a straightforward fashion.
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Coupling Radar Rainfall to Hydrological Models for Water Abstraction Management
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Asfaw, Alemayehu; Shucksmith, James; Smith, Andrea; MacDonald, Ken
2015-04-01
The impacts of climate change and growing water use are likely to put considerable pressure on water resources and the environment. In the UK, a reform to surface water abstraction policy has recently been proposed which aims to increase the efficiency of using available water resources whilst minimising impacts on the aquatic environment. Key aspects to this reform include the consideration of dynamic rather than static abstraction licensing as well as introducing water trading concepts. Dynamic licensing will permit varying levels of abstraction dependent on environmental conditions (i.e. river flow and quality). The practical implementation of an effective dynamic abstraction strategy requires suitable flow forecasting techniques to inform abstraction asset management. Potentially the predicted availability of water resources within a catchment can be coupled to predicted demand and current storage to inform a cost effective water resource management strategy which minimises environmental impacts. The aim of this work is to use a historical analysis of UK case study catchment to compare potential water resource availability using modelled dynamic abstraction scenario informed by a flow forecasting model, against observed abstraction under a conventional abstraction regime. The work also demonstrates the impacts of modelling uncertainties on the accuracy of predicted water availability over range of forecast lead times. The study utilised a conceptual rainfall-runoff model PDM - Probability-Distributed Model developed by Centre for Ecology & Hydrology - set up in the Dove River catchment (UK) using 1km2 resolution radar rainfall as inputs and 15 min resolution gauged flow data for calibration and validation. Data assimilation procedures are implemented to improve flow predictions using observed flow data. Uncertainties in the radar rainfall data used in the model are quantified using artificial statistical error model described by Gaussian distribution and propagated through the model to assess its influence on the forecasted flow uncertainty. Furthermore, the effects of uncertainties at different forecast lead times on potential abstraction strategies are assessed. The results show that over a 10 year period, an average of approximately 70 ML/d of potential water is missed in the study catchment under a convention abstraction regime. This indicates a considerable potential for the use of flow forecasting models to effectively implement advanced abstraction management and more efficiently utilize available water resources in the study catchment.
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Hopewell, Sally; Clarke, Mike; Moher, David; Wager, Elizabeth; Middleton, Philippa; Altman, Douglas G; Schulz, Kenneth F
2008-01-01
Background Clear, transparent, and sufficiently detailed abstracts of conferences and journal articles related to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are important, because readers often base their assessment of a trial solely on information in the abstract. Here, we extend the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) Statement to develop a minimum list of essential items, which authors should consider when reporting the results of a RCT in any journal or conference abstract. Methods and Findings We generated a list of items from existing quality assessment tools and empirical evidence. A three-round, modified-Delphi process was used to select items. In all, 109 participants were invited to participate in an electronic survey; the response rate was 61%. Survey results were presented at a meeting of the CONSORT Group in Montebello, Canada, January 2007, involving 26 participants, including clinical trialists, statisticians, epidemiologists, and biomedical editors. Checklist items were discussed for eligibility into the final checklist. The checklist was then revised to ensure that it reflected discussions held during and subsequent to the meeting. CONSORT for Abstracts recommends that abstracts relating to RCTs have a structured format. Items should include details of trial objectives; trial design (e.g., method of allocation, blinding/masking); trial participants (i.e., description, numbers randomized, and number analyzed); interventions intended for each randomized group and their impact on primary efficacy outcomes and harms; trial conclusions; trial registration name and number; and source of funding. We recommend the checklist be used in conjunction with this explanatory document, which includes examples of good reporting, rationale, and evidence, when available, for the inclusion of each item. Conclusions CONSORT for Abstracts aims to improve reporting of abstracts of RCTs published in journal articles and conference proceedings. It will help authors of abstracts of these trials provide the detail and clarity needed by readers wishing to assess a trial's validity and the applicability of its results. PMID:18215107
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Smith, Heather D.; Bogenschutz, Elizabeth D.; Bayliss, Amy J.; Altenburger, Peter A.
2011-01-01
Background and Objective Professional meetings, such as the American Physical Therapy Association's (APTA's) Combined Sections Meeting (CSM), provide forums for sharing information relevant to physical therapy. An indicator of whether therapists fully disseminate their work is the number of full-text peer-reviewed publications that result. The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine the full-text publication rate of work presented in abstract form at CSM and (2) to investigate factors influencing this rate. Methods A systematic search was undertaken to locate full-text publications of work presented in abstract form within the Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy sections at CSM between 2000 and 2004. Eligible publications were published within 5 years following abstract presentation. The influences of APTA section, year of abstract presentation, institution of origin, study design, sample size, study significance, reporting of a funding source, and presentation type on full-text publication rate were assessed. Characteristics of full-text publications were explored. Results Work presented in 1 out of 4 abstracts (25.4%) progressed to full-text publication. Odds of full-text publication increased if the abstract originated from a doctorate-granting or “other” institution, reported findings of an experimental study, reported a statistically significant finding, included a larger sample size, disclosed a funding source, or was presented as a platform presentation. More than one third (37.8%) of full-text publications were published in the Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy or Physical Therapy, and 4 out of 10 full-text publications (39.2%) contained at least one major change from information presented in abstract form. Conclusions The full-text publication rate for information presented in abstract form within the Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy sections at CSM is low relative to comparative disciplines. Caution should be exercised when translating information presented at CSM into practice. PMID:21169423
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2013-01-01
Background The inclusion of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported in conference abstracts in systematic reviews is controversial, partly because study design information and risk of bias is often not fully reported in the abstract. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) requires trial registration of abstracts submitted for their annual conference as of 2007. Our goal was to assess the feasibility of obtaining study design information critical to systematic reviews, but not typically included in conference abstracts, from the trial registration record. Methods We reviewed all conference abstracts presented at the ARVO meetings from 2007 through 2009, and identified 496 RCTs; 154 had a single matching registration record in ClinicalTrials.gov. Two individuals independently extracted information from the abstract and the ClinicalTrials.gov record, including study design, sample size, inclusion criteria, masking, interventions, outcomes, funder, and investigator name and contact information. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. We assessed the frequencies of reporting variables appearing in the abstract and the trial register and assessed agreement of information reported in both sources. Results We found a substantial amount of study design information in the ClinicalTrials.gov record that was unavailable in the corresponding conference abstract, including eligibility criteria associated with gender (83%; 128/154); masking or blinding of study participants (53%, 82/154), persons administering treatment (30%, 46/154), and persons measuring the outcomes (40%, 61/154)); and number of study centers (58%; 90/154). Only 34% (52/154) of abstracts explicitly described a primary outcome, but a primary outcome was included in the “Primary Outcome” field in the ClinicalTrials.gov record for 82% (126/154) of studies. One or more study interventions were reported in each abstract, but agreed exactly with those reported in ClinicalTrials.gov only slightly more than half the time (88/154, 56%). We found no contact information for study investigators in the abstract, but this information was available in less than one quarter of ClinicalTrial.gov records (17%; 26/154). Conclusion RCT design information not reported in conference abstracts is often available in the corresponding ClinicalTrials.gov registration record. Sometimes there is conflicting information reported in the two sources and further contact with the trial investigators may still be required. PMID:23773868
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Multi-terminology indexing for the assignment of MeSH descriptors to medical abstracts in French
Pereira, Suzanne; Sakji, Saoussen; Névéol, Aurélie; Kergourlay, Ivan; Kerdelhué, Gaétan; Serrot, Elisabeth; Joubert, Michel; Darmoni, Stéfan J.
2009-01-01
Background: To facilitate information retrieval in the biomedical domain, a system for the automatic assignment of Medical Subject Headings to documents curated by an online quality-controlled health gateway was implemented. The French Multi-Terminology Indexer (F-MTI) implements a multiterminology approach using nine main medical terminologies in French and the mappings between them. Objective: This paper presents recent efforts to assess the added value of (a) integrating four new terminologies (Orphanet, ATC, drug names, MeSH supplementary concepts) into F-MTI’s knowledge sources and (b) performing the automatic indexing on the titles and abstracts (vs. title only) of the online health resources. Methods: F-MTI was evaluated on a CISMeF corpus comprising 18,161 manually indexed resources. Results: The performance of F-MTI including nine health terminologies on CISMeF resources with Title only was 27.9% precision and 19.7% recall, while the performance on CISMeF resources with Title and Abstract is 14.9 % precision (−13.0%) and 25.9% recall (+6.2%). Conclusion: In a few weeks, CISMeF will launch the indexing of resources based on title and abstract, using nine terminologies. PMID:20351910
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Quantum theory of electromagnetic fields in a cosmological quantum spacetime
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lewandowski, Jerzy; Nouri-Zonoz, Mohammad; Parvizi, Ali; Tavakoli, Yaser
2017-11-01
The theory of quantum fields propagating on an isotropic cosmological quantum spacetime is reexamined by generalizing the scalar test field to an electromagnetic (EM) vector field. For any given polarization of the EM field on the classical background, the Hamiltonian can be written in the form of the Hamiltonian of a set of decoupled harmonic oscillators, each corresponding to a single mode of the field. In transition from the classical to quantum spacetime background, following the technical procedure given by Ashtekar et al. [Phys. Rev. D 79, 064030 (2009), 10.1103/PhysRevD.79.064030], a quantum theory of the test EM field on an effective (dressed) spacetime emerges. The nature of this emerging dressed geometry is independent of the chosen polarization, but it may depend on the energy of the corresponding field mode. Specifically, when the backreaction of the field on the quantum geometry is negligible (i.e., a test field approximation is assumed), all field modes probe the same effective background independent of the mode's energy. However, when the backreaction of the field modes on the quantum geometry is significant, by employing a Born-Oppenheimer approximation, it is shown that a rainbow (i.e., a mode-dependent) metric emerges. The emergence of this mode-dependent background in the Planck regime may have a significant effect on the creation of quantum particles. The production amount on the dressed background is computed and is compared with the familiar results on the classical geometry.
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O(d,d)-duality in string theory
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rennecke, Felix
2014-10-01
A new method for obtaining dual string theory backgrounds is presented. Preservation of the Hamiltonian density and the energy momentum tensor induced by O( d, d)-transformations leads to a relation between dual sets of coordinate one-forms accompanied by a redefinition of the background fields and a shift of the dilaton. The necessity of isometric directions arises as integrability condition for this map. The isometry algebra is studied in detail using generalised geometry. In particular, non-abelian dualities and β-transformations are contained in this approach. The latter are exemplified by the construction of a new approximate non-geometric background.
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Developmental Factors in Adolescent Drug Use: A Study of Psychedelic Drug Users
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Pittel, Stephen M.; And Others
1971-01-01
This paper is concrned with the backgrounds and developmental histories of a group of approximately 250 volunteer subjects who identify themselves with the hippie community of San Francisco. (Authors)
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A method to characterise site, urban and regional ambient background radiation.
Passmore, C; Kirr, M
2011-03-01
Control dosemeters are routinely provided to customers to monitor the background radiation so that it can be subtracted from the gross response of the dosemeter to arrive at the occupational dose. Landauer, the largest dosimetry processor in the world with subsidiaries in Australia, Brazil, China, France, Japan, Mexico and the UK, has clients in approximately 130 countries. The Glenwood facility processes over 1.1 million controls per year. This network of clients around the world provides a unique ability to monitor the world's ambient background radiation. Control data can be mined to provide useful historical information regarding ambient background rates and provide a historical baseline for geographical areas. Historical baseline can be used to provide site or region-specific background subtraction values, document the variation in ambient background radiation around a client's site or provide a baseline for measuring the efficiency of clean-up efforts in urban areas after a dirty bomb detonation.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Isomura, Noritake; Cui, Yi-Tao; Murai, Takaaki; Oji, Hiroshi; Kimoto, Yasuji
2017-07-01
In Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), the spectral background is mainly due to inelastic scattering of Auger electrons that lose their kinetic energy in a sample bulk. To investigate the spectral components within this background for SiO2(19.3 nm)/Si(100) with known layer thickness, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used in the partial-electron-yield (PEY) mode at several electron kinetic energies to probe the background of the Si KLL Auger peak. The Si K-edge PEY-XAS spectra constituted of both Si and SiO2 components at each kinetic energy, and their component fractions were approximately the same as those derived from the simulated AES background for the same sample structure. The contributions of Auger electrons originating from layers at different depths to the inelastic background could thus be identified experimentally.
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Doyi, Israel; Essumang, David Kofi; Dampare, Samuel; Glover, Eric Tetteh
Radiation is part of the natural environment: it is estimated that approximately 80 % of all human exposure comes from naturally occurring or background radiation. Certain extractive industries such as mining and oil logging have the potential to increase the risk of radiation exposure to the environment and humans by concentrating the quantities of naturally occurring radiation beyond normal background levels (Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli 2004).
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Mace, Emily K.; Aalseth, Craig E.; Bonicalzi, Ricco
Abstract. Characterization of two sets of custom unequal length proportional counters is underway at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). These detectors will be used in measurements to determine the absolute activity concentration of gaseous radionuclides (e.g., 37Ar). A set of three detectors has been fabricated based on previous PNNL ultra-low-background proportional counters (ULBPC) designs and now operate in PNNL’s shallow underground counting laboratory. A second set of four counters has also been fabricated using clean assembly of OFHC copper components for use in an above-ground counting laboratory. Characterization of both sets of detectors is underway with measurements of background rates,more » gas gain, energy resolution, and shielding considerations. These results will be presented along with uncertainty estimates of future absolute gas counting measurements.« less
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Kinetics of Hydrogen Abstraction and Addition Reactions of 3-Hexene by ȮH Radicals.
Yang, Feiyu; Deng, Fuquan; Pan, Youshun; Zhang, Yingjia; Tang, Chenglong; Huang, Zuohua
2017-03-09
Rate coefficients of H atom abstraction and H atom addition reactions of 3-hexene by the hydroxyl radicals were determined using both conventional transition-state theory and canonical variational transition-state theory, with the potential energy surface (PES) evaluated at the CCSD(T)/CBS//BHandHLYP/6-311G(d,p) level and quantum mechanical effect corrected by the compounded methods including one-dimensional Wigner method, multidimensional zero-curvature tunneling method, and small-curvature tunneling method. Results reveal that accounting for approximate 70% of the overall H atom abstractions occur in the allylic site via both direct and indirect channels. The indirect channel containing two van der Waals prereactive complexes exhibits two times larger rate coefficient relative to the direct one. The OH addition reaction also contains two van der Waals complexes, and its submerged barrier results in a negative temperature coefficient behavior at low temperatures. In contrast, The OH addition pathway dominates only at temperatures below 450 K whereas the H atom abstraction reactions dominate overwhelmingly at temperature over 1000 K. All of the rate coefficients calculated with an uncertainty of a factor of 5 were fitted in a quasi-Arrhenius formula. Analyses on the PES, minimum reaction path and activation free Gibbs energy were also performed in this study.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
van Nieuwenhuijzen, M.; Bijman, E. R.; Lamberix, I. C. W.; Wijnroks, L.; de Castro, B. Orobio; Vermeer, A.; Matthys, W.
2005-01-01
Abstract: Background Most research on children's social problem-solving skills is based on responses to hypothetical vignettes. Just how these responses relate to actual behaviour in real-life social situations is, however, unclear, particularly for children with mild intellectual disabilities (MID). Method: In the present study, the spontaneous…
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2015-04-22
CLADDING SOLAR CELLS PV (PHOTOVOLTAIC) University of Massachusetts – Dartmouth 285 Old Westport Road Dartmouth, MA 02747...Lowell, MA 01852 14. ABSTRACT This report describes a project to improve photovoltaic fabrics. It had four objectives: 1) Efficiency – make PV wires on...direct sunlight (AM1.5). Over the duration of the project we demonstrated PV efficiency ranging from 5.04% (wire on a black background) to >8
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Mitchell, Dick; And Others
The proceedings of the fifth symposium on mountain and survival medicine include the program for the 4-day conference which was addressed by 21 guest lecturers from Canada, Nepal, and the United States. The proceedings include abstracts for and background information on the authors of 17 papers. It also includes the texts of 13 symposium papers:…
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Simultaneous Inversion of UXO Parameters and Background Response
2012-03-01
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NO TES 12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Unclassified/Unlimited 12b. DISTRIBUTIO N CODE 13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200...demonstrated an ability to accurate recover dipole parameters using the simultaneous inversion method. Numerical modeling code for solving Maxwell’s...magnetics 15. NUMBER O F PAGES 160 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATIO N OF REPORT Unclassified 18. SECURITY
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Molecular Identification of the Schwannomatosis Locus
2006-07-01
DAMD17-03-1-0445 TITLE: Molecular Identification of the Schwannomatosis Locus PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Mia MacCollin, M.D...COVERED (From - To) 1 Jul 2005 – 30 Jun 2006 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Molecular Identification of the Schwannomatosis Locus 5b...Distribution Unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT Background: Schwannomatosis is a recently recognized third major type of
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Liang, Q.; Rodriquez, J. M.; Douglass, A. R.; Crawford, J. H.; Apel, E.; Bian, H.; Blake, D. R.; Brune, W.; Chin, M.; Colarco, P. R.;
2011-01-01
We analyze the aircraft observations obtained during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellite (ARCTAS) mission together with the GEOS-5 CO simulation to examine O3 and NOy in the Arctic and sub-Arctic region and their source attribution. Using a number of marker tracers and their probability density distributions, we distinguish various air masses from the background troposphere and examine their contribution to NOx, O3, and O3 production in the Arctic troposphere. The background Arctic troposphere has mean O3 of approximately 60 ppbv and NOx of approximately 25 pptv throughout spring and summer with CO decreases from approximately 145 ppbv in spring to approximately 100 ppbv in summer. These observed CO, NOx and O3 mixing ratios are not notably different from the values measured during the 1988 ABLE-3A and the 2002 TOPSE field campaigns despite the significant changes in the past two decades in processes that could have changed the Arctic tropospheric composition. Air masses associated with stratosphere-troposphere exchange are present throughout the mid and upper troposphere during spring and summer. These air masses with mean O3 concentration of 140-160 ppbv are the most important direct sources of O3 in the Arctic troposphere. In addition, air of stratospheric origin is the only notable driver of net O3 formation in the Arctic due to its sustainable high NOx (75 pptv in spring and 110 pptv in summer) and NOy (approximately 800 pptv in spring and approximately 1100 pptv in summer) levels. The ARCTAS measurements present observational evidence suggesting significant conversion of nitrogen from HNO3 to NOx and then to PAN (a net formation of approximately 120 pptv PAN) in summer when air of stratospheric origin is mixed with tropospheric background during stratosphere-to-troposphere transport. These findings imply that an adequate representation of stratospheric O3 and NOy input are essential in accurately simulating O3 and NOx photochemistry as well as the atmospheric budget of PAN in tropospheric chemistry transport models of the Arctic. Anthropogenic and biomass burning pollution plumes observed during ARCTAS show highly elevated hydrocarbons and NOy (mostly in the form of NOx and PAN), but do not contribute significantly to O3 in the Arctic troposphere except in some of the aged biomass burning plumes sampled during spring. Convection and/or lightning influences are negligible sources of O3 in the Arctic troposphere but can have significant impacts in the upper troposphere in the continental sub-Arctic during summer.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Alexander, D. M.; Stern, D.; DelMoro, A.; Lansbury, G. B.; Assef, R. J.; Aird, J.; Ajello, M.; Ballantyne, D. R.; Bauer, F. E.; Boggs, S. E.;
2013-01-01
We report on the first 10 identifications of sources serendipitously detected by the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) to provide the first sensitive census of the cosmic X-ray background source population at approximately greater than 10 keV. We find that these NuSTAR-detected sources are approximately 100 times fainter than those previously detected at approximately greater than 10 keV and have a broad range in redshift and luminosity (z = 0.020-2.923 and L(sub 10-40 keV) approximately equals 4 × 10(exp 41) - 5 × 10(exp 45) erg per second; the median redshift and luminosity are z approximately equal to 0.7 and L(sub 10-40 keV) approximately equal to 3 × 10(exp 44) erg per second, respectively. We characterize these sources on the basis of broad-band approximately equal to 0.5 - 32 keV spectroscopy, optical spectroscopy, and broad-band ultraviolet-to-mid-infrared spectral energy distribution analyses. We find that the dominant source population is quasars with L(sub 10-40 keV) greater than 10(exp 44) erg per second, of which approximately 50% are obscured with N(sub H) approximately greater than 10(exp 22) per square centimeters. However, none of the 10 NuSTAR sources are Compton thick (N(sub H) approximately greater than 10(exp 24) per square centimeters) and we place a 90% confidence upper limit on the fraction of Compton-thick quasars (L(sub 10-40 keV) greater than 10(exp 44) erg per second) selected at approximately greater than 10 keV of approximately less than 33% over the redshift range z = 0.5 - 1.1. We jointly fitted the rest-frame approximately equal to 10-40 keV data for all of the non-beamed sources with L(sub 10-40 keV) greater than 10(exp 43) erg per second to constrain the average strength of reflection; we find R less than 1.4 for gamma = 1.8, broadly consistent with that found for local active galactic nuclei (AGNs) observed at approximately greater than 10 keV. We also constrain the host-galaxy masses and find a median stellar mass of approximately 10(exp 11) solar mass, a factor approximately 5 times higher than the median stellar mass of nearby high-energy selected AGNs, which may be at least partially driven by the order of magnitude higher X-ray luminosities of the NuSTAR sources. Within the low source-statistic limitations of our study, our results suggest that the overall properties of the NuSTAR sources are broadly similar to those of nearby high-energy selected AGNs but scaled up in luminosity and mass.
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Philip A. Tappe; Ronald E. Thill; David G. Peitz; Roger W. Perry
2004-01-01
Abstract - We compared species presence/absence and density of nongame birds across a range of group-selection opening sizes and clearcuts. Group openings and clearcuts were harvested the summer of 1993. Birds were surveyed during 1995, 1996, and 1998 in 12 group openings ranging in size from 0.54 to 2.62 ac and within 4 clearcuts of approximately 35...
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Instituto Nacional de Pedagogia (Mexico).
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1500 words) of a guide based on the results of experiments conducted by the Instituto Nacional de Pedagogia in its pilot school and other schools in Mexico, D. F. The foreword points out that there are two aspects of language teaching in elementary schools--the first year class to read…
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Thomas E. Lisle
1995-01-01
Abstract - During the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, a pyroclastic surge introduced large volumes of coarse woody debris (CWD) and fine grained sediment to Clearwater Creek, approximately 15 km northeast of the summit. Effects of controlled CWD removal on sediment storage, substrate, and pool frequency and volume were measured in four reaches,...
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Jimenez Lozano, Blanca; And Others
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1500 words) of a new approach to the teaching of mathematics in Mexican elementary schools. Three aspects of mathematical reform are discussed: (1) syllabus content; (2) teaching methods; and (3) the question of introducing the pupil to modern mathematics at the earliest possible stage…
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2008-06-24
of electronic prescribing, but physicians hold concerns that electronic prescribing systems may produce a significant cost burden to their practices...edition number, etc. 14. ABSTRACT. A brief (approximately 200 words) factual summary of the most significant information. 15. SUBJECT TERMS. Key words...in favor of electronic prescribing, but physicians hold concerns that electronic prescribing systems may produce a significant cost burden to their
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ministry of Education, Cairo (United Arab Republic).
This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a publication giving the steps to be taken to develop industrial education to conform to the socialist economic planning in the UAR. It is divided into eight sections dealing with various aspects of development: (1) curricula of technical schools; (2) general description…
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Least Squares Approximation By G1 Piecewise Parametric Cubes
1993-12-01
ADDRESS(ES) 10.SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not...CODE Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) Parametric piecewise cubic polynomials are used throughout...piecewise parametric cubic polynomial to a sequence of ordered points in the plane. Cubic Bdzier curves are used as a basis. The parameterization, the
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2015-07-30
elsewhere such as: prepared in cooperation with; translation of; report supersedes; old edition number, etc. 14. ABSTRACT. A brief (approximately 200...involves the derivative of a stochastic path, which is obtained using Malliavin calculus . 4 DISTRIBUTION A: Distribution approved for public release...predictability, 8th European Nonlinear Oscillations Conference, The Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, July 06 – 11, 2014. [11] Lingala N
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Multidimensional Scaling in the Poincare Disk
2011-05-01
REPORT Multidimensional Scaling in the Poincare Dis 14. ABSTRACT 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a class of projective...DATES COVERED (From - To) Standard Form 298 (Rev 8/98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18 - Multidimensional Scaling in the Poincare Dis Report Title... plane . Our construction is based on an approximate hyperbolic line search and exempli?es some of the particulars that need to be addressed when
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Morphology of Southern Hemisphere Riometer Auroral Absorption
2006-06-01
Departamento de Geofísica Universidad de Concepción, Concepción CHILE foppiano@udec.cl ABSTRACT A morphology of riometer auroral absorption is...PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Departamento de Geofísica Universidad de ...range of frequencies used an inverse -square frequency dependence approximately holds. Morphology of Southern Hemisphere Riometer Auroral Absorption
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Eigensensitivity Analysis of Composite Laminates: Effect of Microstructure
1992-02-01
Mechanical Engineering 92-12946 Howard University School of Engineering Washington, D.C. 92 5 14 058 REPORT7F Approved REOTDOCUMENTATION PAGE A.48 No...Department of Mechanical Engineering Howard University Howard University Final Report Washington, D.C. 20059 F 49620-89-C-0003 9. SPONSORING I MONITORING... Howard University , Washington, D.C. 20059, USA ABSTRACT A new closed-form approximate solution for the fundamental frequency of symmetric rectangular
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-06-24
... Statistical Abstract, in 2012 there were approximately 282 million visits to units of the National Park System...: 16 U.S.C. 1, 3, 9a, 462(k). 0 2. In Sec. 2.51 revise the introductory text of paragraph (f) to read...), paragraph (b)(4), and the introductory text of paragraph (e) to read as follows: Sec. 2.52 Sale or...
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Science and Technology Text Mining: Nonlinear Dynamics
2004-02-01
journal/ institution publication and citation data. 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT 18. NUMBER OF PAGES...systems whose time evolution has a sensitive dependence on initial conditions. An approximately 100 term query was developed for accessing records from the...SCI papers by a factor of ~ 2. Appendix 4 contains a co-occurrence matrix of the top 15 countries. In terms of absolute numbers of co-authored papers
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Negri, Clara E; Johnson, Adam; McEntee, Laura; Box, Helen; Whalley, Sarah; Schwartz, Julie A; Ramos-Martín, V; Livermore, Joanne; Kolamunnage-Dona, Ruwanthi; Colombo, Arnaldo L; Hope, William W
2018-01-01
Abstract Background Aspergillus flavus is one of the most common agents of invasive aspergillosis and is associated with high mortality. The orotomides are a new class of antifungal agents with a novel mechanism of action. An understanding of the pharmacodynamics (PD) of the lead compound F901318 is required to plan safe and effective regimens for clinical use. Methods The pharmacokinetics (PK) and PD of F901318 were evaluated by developing new in vitro and in vivo models of invasive fungal sinusitis. Galactomannan was used as a pharmacodynamic endpoint in all models. Mathematical PK-PD models were used to describe dose-exposure-response relationships. Results F901318 minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 0.015 to 0.06 mg/L. F901318 induced a concentration-dependent decline in galactomannan. In the in vitro model, a minimum concentration:MIC of 10 resulted in suppression of galactomannan; however, values of approximately 10 and 9–19 when assessed by survival of mice or the decline in galactomannan, respectively, were equivalent or exceeded the effect induced by posaconazole. There was histological clearance of lung tissue that was consistent with the effects of F901318 on galactomannan. Conclusions F901318 is a potential new agent for the treatment of invasive infections caused by A flavus with PDs that are comparable with other first-line triazole agents. PMID:28968675
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2015-01-01
Abstract. Background: Little research has been conducted into the cost and prevention of self-harm in the workplace. Aims: To quantify the economic cost of self-harm and suicide among New South Wales (NSW) construction industry (CI) workers and to examine the potential economic impact of implementing Mates in Construction (MIC). Method: Direct and indirect costs were estimated. Effectiveness was measured using the relative risk ratio (RRR). In Queensland (QLD), relative suicide risks were estimated for 5-year periods before and after the commencement of MIC. For NSW, the difference between the expected (i.e., using NSW pre-MIC [2008–2012] suicide risk) and counterfactual suicide cases (i.e., applying QLD RRR) provided an estimate of potential suicide cases averted in the post-MIC period (2013–2017). Results were adjusted using the average uptake (i.e., 9.4%) of MIC activities in QLD. Economic savings from averted cases were compared with the cost of implementing MIC. Results: The cost of self-harm and suicide in the NSW CI was AU $527 million in 2010. MIC could potentially avert 0.4 suicides, 1.01 full incapacity cases, and 4.92 short absences, generating annual savings of AU $3.66 million. For every AU $1 invested, the economic return is approximately AU $4.6. Conclusion: MIC represents a positive economic investment in workplace safety. PMID:26695869
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Investigation of x-ray spectra for iodinated contrast-enhanced dedicated breast CT
Glick, Stephen J.; Makeev, Andrey
2017-01-01
Abstract. Screening for breast cancer with mammography has been very successful, resulting in part to a reduction of breast cancer mortality by approximately 39% since 1990. However, mammography still has limitations in performance, especially for women with dense breast tissue. Iodinated contrast-enhanced, dedicated breast CT (BCT) has been proposed to improve lesion analysis and the accuracy of diagnostic workup for patients suspected of having breast cancer. A mathematical analysis to explore the use of various x-ray filters for iodinated contrast-enhanced BCT is presented. To assess task-based performance, the ideal linear observer signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is used as a figure-of-merit under the assumptions of a linear, shift-invariant imaging system. To estimate signal and noise propagation through the BCT detector, a parallel-cascade model was used. The lesion model was embedded into a structured background and included a realistic level of iodine uptake. SNR was computed for 84,000 different exposure settings by varying the kV setting, x-ray filter materials and thickness, breast size, and composition and radiation dose. It is shown that some x-ray filter material/thickness combinations can provide up to 75% improvement in the linear ideal observer SNR over a conventionally used x-ray filter for BCT. This improvement in SNR can be traded off for substantial reductions in mean glandular dose. PMID:28149923
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HPV-6 Molecular Variants Association With the Development of Genital Warts in Men: The HIM Study
Flores-Díaz, Ema; Sereday, Karen A.; Ferreira, Silvaneide; Sirak, Bradley; Sobrinho, João Simão; Baggio, Maria Luiza; Galan, Lenice; Silva, Roberto C.; Lazcano-Ponce, Eduardo; Giuliano, Anna R.; Villa, Luisa L.
2017-01-01
Abstract Background. Human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV-6) and HPV-11 are the etiological agents of approximately 90% of genital warts (GWs). The impact of HPV-6 genetic heterogeneity on persistence and progression to GWs remains undetermined. Methods. HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study participants who had HPV-6 genital swabs and/or GWs preceded by a viable normal genital swab were analyzed. Variants characterization was performed by polymerase chain reaction sequencing and samples classified within lineages (A, B) and sublineages (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5). Country- and age-specific analyses were conducted for individual variants; odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the risk of GWs according to HPV-6 variants were calculated. Results. B3 variants were most prevalent. HPV-6 variants distribution differed between countries and case status. HPV-6 B1 variants prevalence was increased in GWs and genital swabs of cases compared to controls. There was difference in B1 and B3 variants detection in GW and the preceding genital swab. We observed significant association of HPV-6 B1 variants detection with GW development. Conclusions. HPV-6 B1 variants are more prevalent in genital swabs that precede GW development, and confer an increased risk for GW. Further research is warranted to understand the possible involvement of B1 variants in the progression to clinically relevant lesions. PMID:28011919
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Predictors of intimate partner problem-related suicides among suicide decedents in Kentucky
Comiford, Ashley L.; Sanderson, Wayne T.; Chesnut, Lorie; Brown, Sabrina
2016-01-01
Abstract: Background: Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States. Furthermore, intimate partner problems are amid the top precipitating circumstances among suicide decedents. The aim of this study was to determine circumstantial associations of intimate partner problem-related suicides in suicide decedents in Kentucky. Methods: All suicides that were reported to the Kentucky Violent Death Reporting System between 2005 and 2012 were eligible for this study. Multiple logistic regression was used to explore predictors (precipitating health-related problems, life stressors, and criminal/legal issues) of intimate partner problem-related suicides. Results: Of the 4,754 suicides, included in this study, approximately 17% had intimate partner problems prior to suicide. In the adjusted analysis, mental health issues, alcohol problems, history of suicides attempts, suicides precipitated by another crime, and other legal problems increased the odds of having an intimate partner-related suicide. However, having physical health problems, prior to the suicide, decreased the odds of intimate partner-related suicide. Conclusions: These results provide insight for the development of suicide interventions for individuals with intimate partner problems by targeting risk factors that are prevalent among this population. Moreover, these results may help marriage/relationship and/or family/divorce court representatives identify individuals with intimate partner problems more at risk for suicide and alleviate the influence these suicide risk factors have on individuals experiencing Intimate partner problems. PMID:27092956
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Duintjer Tebbens, Radboud J.
2017-01-01
Abstract Background. Comparing model expectations with the experience of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) containing serotype 2 (OPV2) cessation can inform risk management for the expected cessation of OPV containing serotypes 1 and 3 (OPV13). Methods. We compare the expected post-OPV2-cessation OPV2-related viruses from models with the evidence available approximately 6 months after OPV2 cessation. We also model the trade-offs of use vs nonuse of monovalent OPV (mOPV) for outbreak response considering all 3 serotypes. Results. Although too early to tell definitively, the observed die-out of OPV2-related viruses in populations that attained sufficiently intense trivalent OPV (tOPV) use prior to OPV2 cessation appears consistent with model expectations. As expected, populations that did not intensify tOPV use prior to OPV2 cessation show continued circulation of serotype 2 vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs). Failure to aggressively use mOPV to respond to circulating VDPVs results in a high risk of uncontrolled outbreaks that would require restarting OPV. Conclusions. Ensuring a successful endgame requires more aggressive OPV cessation risk management than has occurred to date for OPV2 cessation. This includes maintaining high population immunity to transmission up until OPV13 cessation, meeting all prerequisites for OPV cessation, and ensuring sufficient vaccine supply to prevent and respond to outbreaks. PMID:28838198
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Parashurama, Natesh; O’Sullivan, Thomas D.; De La Zerda, Adam; El Kalassi, Pascale; Cho, Seongjae; Liu, Hongguang; Teed, Robert; Levy, Hart; Rosenberg, Jarrett; Cheng, Zhen; Levi, Ofer; Harris, James S.
2012-01-01
Abstract. Molecular optical imaging is a widespread technique for interrogating molecular events in living subjects. However, current approaches preclude long-term, continuous measurements in awake, mobile subjects, a strategy crucial in several medical conditions. Consequently, we designed a novel, lightweight miniature biosensor for in vivo continuous optical sensing. The biosensor contains an enclosed vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor laser and an adjacent pair of near-infrared optically filtered detectors. We employed two sensors (dual sensing) to simultaneously interrogate normal and diseased tumor sites. Having established the sensors are precise with phantom and in vivo studies, we performed dual, continuous sensing in tumor (human glioblastoma cells) bearing mice using the targeted molecular probe cRGD-Cy5.5, which targets αVβ3 cell surface integrins in both tumor neovasculature and tumor. The sensors capture the dynamic time-activity curve of the targeted molecular probe. The average tumor to background ratio after signal calibration for cRGD-Cy5.5 injection is approximately 2.43±0.95 at 1 h and 3.64±1.38 at 2 h (N=5 mice), consistent with data obtained with a cooled charge coupled device camera. We conclude that our novel, portable, precise biosensor can be used to evaluate both kinetics and steady state levels of molecular probes in various disease applications. PMID:23123976
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Ion‐driven instabilities in the solar wind: Wind observations of 19 March 2005
Jian, Lan K.; Broiles, Thomas W.; Stevens, Michael L.; Podesta, John J.; Kasper, Justin C.
2016-01-01
Abstract Intervals of enhanced magnetic fluctuations have been frequently observed in the solar wind. But it remains an open question as to whether these waves are generated at the Sun and then transported outward by the solar wind or generated locally in the interplanetary medium. Magnetic field and plasma measurements from the Wind spacecraft under slow solar wind conditions on 19 March 2005 demonstrate seven events of enhanced magnetic fluctuations at spacecraft‐frame frequencies somewhat above the proton cyclotron frequency and propagation approximately parallel or antiparallel to the background magnetic field B o. The proton velocity distributions during these events are characterized by two components: a more dense, slower core and a less dense, faster beam. Observed plasma parameters are used in a kinetic linear dispersion equation analysis for electromagnetic fluctuations at k x B o = 0; for two events the most unstable mode is the Alfvén‐cyclotron instability driven by a proton component temperature anisotropy T⊥/T|| > 1 (where the subscripts denote directions relative to B o), and for three events the most unstable mode is the right‐hand polarized magnetosonic instability driven primarily by ion component relative flows. Thus, both types of ion anisotropies and both types of instabilities are likely to be local sources of these enhanced fluctuation events in the solar wind. PMID:27818854
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Prolonged Operative Duration Increases Risk of Surgical Site Infections: A Systematic Review
Chen, Brian Po-Han; Soleas, Ireena M.; Ferko, Nicole C.; Cameron, Chris G.; Hinoul, Piet
2017-01-01
Abstract Background: The incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) across surgical procedures, specialties, and conditions is reported to vary from 0.1% to 50%. Operative duration is often cited as an independent and potentially modifiable risk factor for SSI. The objective of this systematic review was to provide an in-depth understanding of the relation between operating time and SSI. Patients and Methods: This review included 81 prospective and retrospective studies. Along with study design, likelihood of SSI, mean operative times, time thresholds, effect measures, confidence intervals, and p values were extracted. Three meta-analyses were conducted, whereby odds ratios were pooled by hourly operative time thresholds, increments of increasing operative time, and surgical specialty. Results: Pooled analyses demonstrated that the association between extended operative time and SSI typically remained statistically significant, with close to twice the likelihood of SSI observed across various time thresholds. The likelihood of SSI increased with increasing time increments; for example, a 13%, 17%, and 37% increased likelihood for every 15 min, 30 min, and 60 min of surgery, respectively. On average, across various procedures, the mean operative time was approximately 30 min longer in patients with SSIs compared with those patients without. Conclusions: Prolonged operative time can increase the risk of SSI. Given the importance of SSIs on patient outcomes and health care economics, hospitals should focus efforts to reduce operative time. PMID:28832271
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Improving amphibian genomic resources: a multitissue reference transcriptome of an iconic invader
Reid, Jack G; Crossland, Michael R
2018-01-01
Abstract Background Cane toads (Rhinella marina) are an iconic invasive species introduced to 4 continents and well utilized for studies of rapid evolution in introduced environments. Despite the long introduction history of this species, its profound ecological impacts, and its utility for demonstrating evolutionary principles, genetic information is sparse. Here we produce a de novo transcriptome spanning multiple tissues and life stages to enable investigation of the genetic basis of previously identified rapid phenotypic change over the introduced range. Findings Using approximately 1.9 billion reads from developing tadpoles and 6 adult tissue-specific cDNA libraries, as well as a transcriptome assembly pipeline encompassing 100 separate de novo assemblies, we constructed 62 202 transcripts, of which we functionally annotated ∼50%. Our transcriptome assembly exhibits 90% full-length completeness of the Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs data set. Robust assembly metrics and comparisons with several available anuran transcriptomes and genomes indicate that our cane toad assembly is one of the most complete anuran genomic resources available. Conclusions This comprehensive anuran transcriptome will provide a valuable resource for investigation of genes under selection during invasion in cane toads, but will also greatly expand our general knowledge of anuran genomes, which are underrepresented in the literature. The data set is publically available in NCBI and GigaDB to serve as a resource for other researchers. PMID:29186423
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Xu, Rong; Supekar, Kaustubh; Morgan, Alex; Das, Amar; Garber, Alan
2008-11-06
Concept specific lexicons (e.g. diseases, drugs, anatomy) are a critical source of background knowledge for many medical language-processing systems. However, the rapid pace of biomedical research and the lack of constraints on usage ensure that such dictionaries are incomplete. Focusing on disease terminology, we have developed an automated, unsupervised, iterative pattern learning approach for constructing a comprehensive medical dictionary of disease terms from randomized clinical trial (RCT) abstracts, and we compared different ranking methods for automatically extracting con-textual patterns and concept terms. When used to identify disease concepts from 100 randomly chosen, manually annotated clinical abstracts, our disease dictionary shows significant performance improvement (F1 increased by 35-88%) over available, manually created disease terminologies.
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Xu, Rong; Supekar, Kaustubh; Morgan, Alex; Das, Amar; Garber, Alan
2008-01-01
Concept specific lexicons (e.g. diseases, drugs, anatomy) are a critical source of background knowledge for many medical language-processing systems. However, the rapid pace of biomedical research and the lack of constraints on usage ensure that such dictionaries are incomplete. Focusing on disease terminology, we have developed an automated, unsupervised, iterative pattern learning approach for constructing a comprehensive medical dictionary of disease terms from randomized clinical trial (RCT) abstracts, and we compared different ranking methods for automatically extracting contextual patterns and concept terms. When used to identify disease concepts from 100 randomly chosen, manually annotated clinical abstracts, our disease dictionary shows significant performance improvement (F1 increased by 35–88%) over available, manually created disease terminologies. PMID:18999169
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The effect of Limber and flat-sky approximations on galaxy weak lensing
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Lemos, Pablo; Challinor, Anthony; Efstathiou, George, E-mail: pl411@cam.ac.uk, E-mail: a.d.challinor@ast.cam.ac.uk, E-mail: gpe@ast.cam.ac.uk
We review the effect of the commonly-used Limber and flat-sky approximations on the calculation of shear power spectra and correlation functions for galaxy weak lensing. These approximations are accurate at small scales, but it has been claimed recently that their impact on low multipoles could lead to an increase in the amplitude of the mass fluctuations inferred from surveys such as CFHTLenS, reducing the tension between galaxy weak lensing and the amplitude determined by Planck from observations of the cosmic microwave background. Here, we explore the impact of these approximations on cosmological parameters derived from weak lensing surveys, using themore » CFHTLenS data as a test case. We conclude that the use of small-angle approximations for cosmological parameter estimation is negligible for current data, and does not contribute to the tension between current weak lensing surveys and Planck.« less
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Aleksandrov, A. P.; Berezovoj, A. N.; Gal'Per, A. M.; Grachev, V. M.; Dmitrenko, V. V.; Kirillov-Ugryumov, V. G.; Lebedev, V. V.; Lyakhov, V. A.; Moiseev, A. A.; Ulin, S. E.; Shchvets, N. I.
1984-11-01
Coding collimators are used to improve the angular resolution of gamma-ray telescopes at energies above 50 MeV. However, the interaction of cosmic rays with the collimator material can lead to the appearance of a gramma-ray background flux which can have a deleterious effect on measurement efficiency. An experiment was performed on the Salyut-6-Soyuz spacecraft system with the Elena-F small-scale gamma-ray telescope in order to measure the magnitude of this background. It is shown that, even at a zenith angle of approximately zero degrees (the angle at which the gamma-ray observations are made), the coding collimator has only an insignificant effect on the background conditions.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ballestrero, Alessandro; Maina, Ezio
1991-10-01
The reaction pp→ t t¯γγ is studied for 80⩽ Mγγ⩽140 GeV, as a possible background to the detection of an intermedia te mass standard model Higgs in the rare ℓ νγγ final state. If the top is not too heavy the prompt photon production, integrated over a window of 6 GeV in Mγγ around the Higgs mass, can be larger than the production of photon pairs from Higgs decay. Standard isolation cuts can effectively dispose of this background for mt⩾150 GeV. For mt∼100 GeV approximately the same nu mber of background and signal events pass the cuts.
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Non-symbolic arithmetic in adults and young children.
Barth, Hilary; La Mont, Kristen; Lipton, Jennifer; Dehaene, Stanislas; Kanwisher, Nancy; Spelke, Elizabeth
2006-01-01
Five experiments investigated whether adults and preschool children can perform simple arithmetic calculations on non-symbolic numerosities. Previous research has demonstrated that human adults, human infants, and non-human animals can process numerical quantities through approximate representations of their magnitudes. Here we consider whether these non-symbolic numerical representations might serve as a building block of uniquely human, learned mathematics. Both adults and children with no training in arithmetic successfully performed approximate arithmetic on large sets of elements. Success at these tasks did not depend on non-numerical continuous quantities, modality-specific quantity information, the adoption of alternative non-arithmetic strategies, or learned symbolic arithmetic knowledge. Abstract numerical quantity representations therefore are computationally functional and may provide a foundation for formal mathematics.
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Computational methods for the identification of spatially varying stiffness and damping in beams
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Banks, H. T.; Rosen, I. G.
1986-01-01
A numerical approximation scheme for the estimation of functional parameters in Euler-Bernoulli models for the transverse vibration of flexible beams with tip bodies is developed. The method permits the identification of spatially varying flexural stiffness and Voigt-Kelvin viscoelastic damping coefficients which appear in the hybrid system of ordinary and partial differential equations and boundary conditions describing the dynamics of such structures. An inverse problem is formulated as a least squares fit to data subject to constraints in the form of a vector system of abstract first order evolution equations. Spline-based finite element approximations are used to finite dimensionalize the problem. Theoretical convergence results are given and numerical studies carried out on both conventional (serial) and vector computers are discussed.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Schmidt, A. F. (Editor)
1972-01-01
Selected information is presented from an assemblage of reports and publications on heat transfer and fluid dynamics with direct applicability to oxygen systems. For each document cited, an abstract has been prepared together with key words and a listing of most important references found in the document. Additionally, an author index, a subject index, and a key word index have been provided to simplify the retrieval of specific information from this work. In each subject area - e.g., boiling heat transfer - the individual citations are listed alphabetically by first author, with review papers dually noted under the appropriate subject category and under review papers. Of the documents reviewed and evaluated for inclusion in this publication, coverage of existing information directly concerned with oxygen was given primary emphasis. However, work not specifically oxygen-designated but considered applicable to oxygen by the reviewer e.g., a two-phase friction factor correlation derived from nitrogen experiments is occasionally given where no actual oxygen data exist, as an aid to the reader. Approximately 130 abstracts are listed.
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Youssef, Joseph El; Engle, Julia M.; Massoud, Ryan G.; Ward, W. Kenneth
2010-01-01
Abstract Background A cause of suboptimal accuracy in amperometric glucose sensors is the presence of a background current (current produced in the absence of glucose) that is not accounted for. We hypothesized that a mathematical correction for the estimated background current of a commercially available sensor would lead to greater accuracy compared to a situation in which we assumed the background current to be zero. We also tested whether increasing the frequency of sensor calibration would improve sensor accuracy. Methods This report includes analysis of 20 sensor datasets from seven human subjects with type 1 diabetes. Data were divided into a training set for algorithm development and a validation set on which the algorithm was tested. A range of potential background currents was tested. Results Use of the background current correction of 4 nA led to a substantial improvement in accuracy (improvement of absolute relative difference or absolute difference of 3.5–5.5 units). An increase in calibration frequency led to a modest accuracy improvement, with an optimum at every 4 h. Conclusions Compared to no correction, a correction for the estimated background current of a commercially available glucose sensor led to greater accuracy and better detection of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. The accuracy-optimizing scheme presented here can be implemented in real time. PMID:20879968
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Autorino, Riccardo; Borges, Claudio; White, Michael A; Altunrende, Fatih; Perdoná, Sisto; Haber, Georges-Pascal; De Sio, Marco; Khanna, Rakesh; Stein, Robert J; Kaouk, Jihad H
2010-12-01
To assess the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) presented in abstract form at the annual World Congress of Endourology (WCE) and evaluate their course of subsequent publication. All RCTs presented in abstract form at the 2004, 2005, and 2006 WCE annual meetings were identified for review. Quality of reporting was assessed by applying a standardized 14-item evaluation tool based on the Consolidated Standards for the Reporting of Trials (CONSORT) statement. The subsequent publication rate for the corresponding studies by scanning Medline was also evaluated. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed. A total of 94 RCTs (3.5% of 2669) were identified for review: 21 in 2004, 36 in 2005, and 37 in 2006. Overall, 45 (47.3% of the total) were subsequently published as a full length indexed manuscript with a mean time to publication of 16.4 ± 13.2 months. Approximately 61 (60%) identified the study design as RCT in the abstract title. None reported the method of randomization. In studies that reported blinding (seven, 11% of 62), five were double blinded and two single blinded. Adverse events were reported in 38% of cases. Only 10% of the abstracts complied fully with more than 10 items according to our CONSORT-based checklist, whereas the majority of them failed to comply with most of the CONSORT requirements. Although representing a small portion of the overall number of abstracts, there has been a steady increase of presentation of RCTs at the WCE over the assessed 3-year period. Most of the time they are recognized as RCTs in the abstract title. When applying the CONSORT criteria, necessary information to assess their methodologic quality is incomplete in some cases.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Beyer, Andrew D.; Runyan, M. C.; Kenyon, M.; Echternach, P. M .; Chui, T.; Bumble, B.; Bradford, C. M.; Holmes, W. A.; Bock, J. J.
2012-01-01
We report experimental progress toward demonstrating background-limited arrays of membrane-isolated transition-edge sensors (TESs) for the Background Limited Infrared/Sub-mm Spectrograph (BLISS). BLISS is a space-borne instrument with grating spectrometers for wavelengths lambda=35-435 micron and with R=lambda/delta lambda approximately equals 500. The goals for BLISS TESs are: noise equivalent power (NEP) = 5x10 (sup -20) W/Hz(exp 1/2) and response time tau <30ms. We expect background-limited performance from bilayers TESs with T(sub c) = 65mK and G=15fW/K. However, such TESs cannot be operated at 50mK unless stray power on the devices, or dark power P(sub D), is less than 200aW. We describe criteria for measuring P(sub D) that requires accurate knowledge of TC. Ultimately, we fabricated superconducting thermistors from Ir (T(sub c) >= 135mK) and Mo/Cu proximitized bilayers, where T(sub c) is the thermistor transition temperature. We measured the Ir TES arrays in our 50mK adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator test system, which can measure up to eight 1x32 arrays simultaneously using a time-division multiplexer, as well as our single-pixel test system which can measure down to 15mK. In our previous Ir array measurements our best reported performance was NEP=2.5x10(exp -19) W/Hz(sub 1/2) and Tau approximately equals 5ms for straight-beam TESs. In fact, we expected NEP approximately equals 1.5x10(exp -19)?W/Hz(sup 1/2) for meander beam TESs, but did not achieve this previously due to 1/f noise. Here, we detail improvements toward measuring the expected NEP and demonstrate NEP=(1.3+0.2)x10 (sup -19)W/Hz(exp 1/2) in our single-pixel test system and NEP=(1.6+/-0.3)x10(sup -19)W/Hz(sup 1/2) in our array test system.
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Marcet, Marcus M; Shtein, Roni M; Bradley, Elizabeth A; Deng, Sophie X; Meyer, Dale R; Bilyk, Jurij R; Yen, Michael T; Lee, W Barry; Mawn, Louise A
2015-08-01
To review the published literature assessing the efficacy and safety of lacrimal drainage system plug insertion for dry eye in adults. Literature searches of the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were last conducted on March 9, 2015, without date restrictions and were limited to English language abstracts. The searches retrieved 309 unique citations. The primary authors reviewed the titles and abstracts. Inclusion criteria specified reports that provided original data on plugs for the treatment of dry eyes in at least 25 patients. Fifty-three studies of potential relevance were assigned to full-text review. The 27 studies that met the inclusion criteria underwent data abstraction by the panels. Abstracted data included study characteristics, patient characteristics, plug type, insertion technique, treatment response, and safety information. All studies were observational and rated by a methodologist as level II or III evidence. The plugs included punctal, intracanalicular, and dissolving types. Fifteen studies reported metrics of improvement in dry eye symptoms, ocular-surface status, artificial tear use, contact lens comfort, and tear break-up time. Twenty-five studies included safety data. Plug placement resulted in ≥50% improvement of symptoms, improvement in ocular-surface health, reduction in artificial tear use, and improved contact lens comfort in patients with dry eye. Serious complications from plugs were infrequent. Plug loss was the most commonly reported problem with punctal plugs, occurring on average in 40% of patients. Overall, among all plug types, approximately 9% of patients experienced epiphora and 10% required removal because of irritation from the plugs. Canaliculitis was the most commonly reported problem for intracanalicular plugs and occurred in approximately 8% of patients. Other complications were reported in less than 4% of patients on average and included tearing, discomfort, pyogenic granuloma, and dacryocystitis. On the basis of level II and III evidence in these studies, plugs improve the signs and symptoms of moderate dry eye that are not improved with topical lubrication, and they are well tolerated. There are no level I studies that describe the efficacy or safety of lacrimal drainage system plugs. Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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2015-09-01
million cells each. These 4 canard meshes were then overset with the 10 background projectile body mesh using the Chimera procedure.29 The final... Chimera -overlapped mesh for each of the 2 (fin cant) models consists of approximately 43 million cells. A circumferential cross section (Fig. 4... Chimera procedure requires proper transfer of information between the background mesh and the canard meshes at every time step. However, the advantage
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Wang, Dong; Liu, Rui; Wang, Yuming
We studied the background field for 60 two-ribbon flares of M-and-above classes during 2011–2015. These flares are categorized into two groups, i.e., eruptive and confined flares, based on whether a flare is associated with a coronal mass ejection or not. The background field of source active regions is approximated by a potential field extrapolated from the B {sub z} component of vector magnetograms provided by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager. We calculated the decay index n of the background field above the flaring polarity inversion line, and defined a critical height h {sub crit} corresponding to the theoretical threshold (more » n {sub crit} = 1.5) of the torus instability. We found that h {sub crit} is approximately half of the distance between the centroids of opposite polarities in active regions and that the distribution of h {sub crit} is bimodal: it is significantly higher for confined flares than for eruptive ones. The decay index increases monotonously with increasing height for 86% (84%) of the eruptive (confined) flares but displays a saddle-like profile for the rest, 14% (16%), which are found exclusively in active regions of multipolar field configuration. Moreover, n at the saddle bottom is significantly smaller in confined flares than that in eruptive ones. These results highlight the critical role of background field in regulating the eruptive behavior of two-ribbon flares.« less
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Cosmic Infrared Background Fluctuations and Zodiacal Light
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Arendt, Richard G.; Kashlinsky, A.; Moseley, S. H.; Mather, J.
2017-01-01
We performed a specific observational test to measure the effect that the zodiacal light can have on measurements of the spatial fluctuations of the near-IR (near-infrared)background. Previous estimates of possible fluctuations caused by zodiacal light have often been extrapolated from observations of the thermal emission at longer wavelengths and low angular resolution or from IRAC (Infrared Array Camera) observations of high-latitude fields where zodiacal light is faint and not strongly varying with time. The new observations analyzed here target the COSMOS (Cosmic Evolution Survey) field at low ecliptic latitude where the zodiacal light intensity varies by factors of approximately 2 over the range of solar elongations at which the field can be observed. We find that the white-noise component of the spatial power spectrum of the background is correlated with the modeled zodiacal light intensity. Roughly half of the measured white noise is correlated with the zodiacal light, but a more detailed interpretation of the white noise is hampered by systematic uncertainties that are evident in the zodiacal light model. At large angular scales (greater than or approximately equal to 100 arcseconds) where excess power above the white noise is observed, we find no correlation of the power with the modeled intensity of the zodiacal light. This test clearly indicates that the large-scale power in the infrared background is not being caused by the zodiacal light.
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Gene–obesogenic environment interactions in the UK Biobank study
Tyrrell, Jessica; Wood, Andrew R; Ames, Ryan M; Yaghootkar, Hanieh; Beaumont, Robin N; Jones, Samuel E; Tuke, Marcus A; Ruth, Katherine S; Freathy, Rachel M; Davey Smith, George; Joost, Stéphane; Guessous, Idris; Murray, Anna; Strachan, David P; Kutalik, Zoltán; Weedon, Michael N; Frayling, Timothy M
2017-01-01
Abstract Background: Previous studies have suggested that modern obesogenic environments accentuate the genetic risk of obesity. However, these studies have proven controversial as to which, if any, measures of the environment accentuate genetic susceptibility to high body mass index (BMI). Methods: We used up to 120 000 adults from the UK Biobank study to test the hypothesis that high-risk obesogenic environments and behaviours accentuate genetic susceptibility to obesity. We used BMI as the outcome and a 69-variant genetic risk score (GRS) for obesity and 12 measures of the obesogenic environment as exposures. These measures included Townsend deprivation index (TDI) as a measure of socio-economic position, TV watching, a ‘Westernized’ diet and physical activity. We performed several negative control tests, including randomly selecting groups of different average BMIs, using a simulated environment and including sun-protection use as an environment. Results: We found gene–environment interactions with TDI (Pinteraction = 3 × 10–10), self-reported TV watching (Pinteraction = 7 × 10–5) and self-reported physical activity (Pinteraction = 5 × 10–6). Within the group of 50% living in the most relatively deprived situations, carrying 10 additional BMI-raising alleles was associated with approximately 3.8 kg extra weight in someone 1.73 m tall. In contrast, within the group of 50% living in the least deprivation, carrying 10 additional BMI-raising alleles was associated with approximately 2.9 kg extra weight. The interactions were weaker, but present, with the negative controls, including sun-protection use, indicating that residual confounding is likely. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the obesogenic environment accentuates the risk of obesity in genetically susceptible adults. Of the factors we tested, relative social deprivation best captures the aspects of the obesogenic environment responsible. PMID:28073954
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U.S.Mexico cross-border workforce training needs:survey implementation
Rosales, Cecilia B.; Nuno, Tomas; Dieke, Ada; Galvez, Francisco Navarro; Dutton, Ronald J.; Guerrero, Robert; Dulin, Paul; Jiménez, Elisa Aguilar; Granillo, Brenda; de Zapien, Jill Guernsey
2011-01-01
Abstract: Background: Since the tragic events experienced on September 11, 2001, and other recent events such as the hurricane devastation in the southeastern parts of the country and the emergent H1N1season, the need for a competent public health workforce has become vitally important for securing and protecting the greater population. Objective: The primary objective of the study was to assess the training needs of the U.S. Mexico border states public health workforce. Methods: The Arizona Center for Public Health Preparedness of the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health at The University of Arizona implemented a border-wide needs assessment. The online survey was designed to assess and prioritize core public health competencies as well as bioterrorism, infectious disease, and border/binational training needs. Results: Approximately 80% of the respondents were employed by agencies that serve both rural and urban communities. Respondents listed 23 different functional roles that best describe their positions. Approximately 35% of the respondents were primarily employed by state health departments, twenty-seven percent (30%) of the survey participants reported working at the local level, and 19% indicated they worked in other government settings (e.g. community health centers and other non-governmental organizations). Of the 163 survey participants, a minority reported that they felt they were well prepared in the Core Bioterrorism competencies. The sections on Border Competency, Surveillance/Epidemiology, Communications/Media Relations and Cultural Responsiveness, did not generate a rating of 70% or greater on the importance level of survey participants. Conclusions: The study provided the opportunity to examine the issues of public health emergency preparedness within the framework of the border as a region addressing both unique needs and context. The most salient findings highlight the need to enhance the border competency skills of individuals whose roles include a special focus on emergency preparedness and response along the US-Mexico border. PMID:21483208
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Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor interferometric observations of the core of 30 doradus
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Lattanzi, M. G.; Hershey, J. L.; Burg, R.; Taff, L. G.; Holfeltz, S. T.; Bucciarelli, B.; Evans, I. N.; Gilmozzi, R.; Pringle, J.; Walborn, N. R.
1994-01-01
We present the results of the first high angular resolution observations taken with a Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) of a star cluster embedded in very bright background. The strong and complex background around the R136 cluster in the 30 Dor nebula does not prevent the FGS from achieving performance close to its angular resolution limit of approximately 0.015 sec per axis with reliable photometry. These FGS observations establish that the central object in R136a is a triple star with the third component delta V = 1.1 mag fainter than the primary star al approximately 0.08 sec way. We estimate from the grid of models of Maeder (1990) that the present mass of al is between 30 and 80 solar masses, with the main-sequence progenitor between 60 and 120 solar masses.
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The imprint of proper motion of nonlinear structures on the cosmic microwave background
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Tuluie, Robin; Laguna, Pablo
1995-01-01
We investigate the imprint of nonlinear matter condensations on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) in an Omega = 1, cold dark matter (CDM) model universe. Temperature anisotropies are obtained by numerically evolving matter inhomogeneities and CMB photons from the beginning of decoupling until the present epoch. The underlying density field produced by the inhomogeneities is followed from the linear, through the weakly clustered, into the fully nonlinear regime. We concentrate on CMB temperature distortions arising from variations in the gravitational potentials of nonlinear structures. We find two sources of temperature fluctuations produced by time-varying potentials: (1) anisotropies due to intrinsic changes in the gravitational potentials of the inhomogeneities and (2) anisotropies generated by the peculiar, bulk motion of the structures across the microwave sky. Both effects generate CMB anisotropies in the range of 10(exp -7) approximately less than or equal to (Delta T/T) approximately less than or equal to 10(exp -6) on scales of approximately 1 deg. For isolated structures, anisotropies due to proper motion exhibit a dipole-like signature in the CMB sky that in principle could yield information on the transverse velocity of the structures.
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Object-Location-Aware Hashing for Multi-Label Image Retrieval via Automatic Mask Learning.
Huang, Chang-Qin; Yang, Shang-Ming; Pan, Yan; Lai, Han-Jiang
2018-09-01
Learning-based hashing is a leading approach of approximate nearest neighbor search for large-scale image retrieval. In this paper, we develop a deep supervised hashing method for multi-label image retrieval, in which we propose to learn a binary "mask" map that can identify the approximate locations of objects in an image, so that we use this binary "mask" map to obtain length-limited hash codes which mainly focus on an image's objects but ignore the background. The proposed deep architecture consists of four parts: 1) a convolutional sub-network to generate effective image features; 2) a binary "mask" sub-network to identify image objects' approximate locations; 3) a weighted average pooling operation based on the binary "mask" to obtain feature representations and hash codes that pay most attention to foreground objects but ignore the background; and 4) the combination of a triplet ranking loss designed to preserve relative similarities among images and a cross entropy loss defined on image labels. We conduct comprehensive evaluations on four multi-label image data sets. The results indicate that the proposed hashing method achieves superior performance gains over the state-of-the-art supervised or unsupervised hashing baselines.
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Murray, Ian; Walker, Glenn; Bereman, Michael S
2016-06-20
Two paper-based microfluidic techniques, photolithography and wax patterning, were investigated for their potential to improve upon the sensitivity, reproducibility, and versatility of paper spray mass spectrometry. The main limitation of photolithography was the significant signal (approximately three orders of magnitude) above background which was attributed to the chemicals used in the photoresist process. Hydrophobic barriers created via wax patterning were discovered to have approximately 2 orders of magnitude less background signal compared to analogous barriers created using photolithography. A minimum printed wax barrier thickness of approximately 0.3 mm was necessary to consistently retain commonly used paper spray solvents (1 : 1 water : acetonitrile/methanol) and avoid leakage. Constricting capillary flow via wax-printed channels yielded both a significant increase in signal and detection time for detection of model analytes. This signal increase, which was attributed to restricting the radial flow of analyte/solvent on paper (i.e., a concentrating effect), afforded a significant increase in sensitivity (p ≪ 0.05) for the detection of pesticides spiked into residential tap water using a five-point calibration curve. Finally, unique mixing designs using wax patterning can be envisioned to perform on-paper analyte derivatization.
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Pluto in Hi-Def Note: There is debate within the science community as to whether Pluto should be
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
2008-01-01
This image demonstrates the first detection of Pluto using the high-resolution mode on the New Horizons Long-Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI). The mode provides a clear separation between Pluto and numerous nearby background stars. When the image was taken on October 6, 2007, Pluto was located in the constellation Serpens, in a region of the sky dense with background stars. Typically, LORRI's exposure time in hi-res mode is limited to approximately 0.1 seconds, but by using a special pointing mode that allowed an increase in the exposure time to 0.967 seconds, scientists were able to spot Pluto, which is approximately 15,000 times fainter than human eyes can detect. New Horizons was still too far from Pluto (3.6 billion kilometers, or 2.2 billion miles) for LORRI to resolve any details on Pluto's surface that won't happen until summer 2014, approximately one year before closest approach. For now the entire Pluto system remains a bright dot to the spacecraft's telescopic camera, though LORRI is expected to start resolving Charon from Pluto seeing them as separate objects in summer 2010. -
Leptogenesis from heavy right-handed neutrinos in CPT violating backgrounds
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bossingham, Thomas; Mavromatos, Nick E.; Sarkar, Sarben
2018-02-01
We discuss leptogenesis in a model with heavy right-handed Majorana neutrinos propagating in a constant but otherwise generic CPT-violating axial time-like background (motivated by string theory). At temperatures much higher than the temperature of the electroweak phase transition, we solve approximately, but analytically (using Padé approximants), the corresponding Boltzmann equations, which describe the generation of lepton asymmetry from the tree-level decays of heavy neutrinos into Standard Model leptons. At such temperatures these leptons are effectively massless. The current work completes in a rigorous way a preliminary treatment of the same system, by some of the present authors. In this earlier work, lepton asymmetry was crudely estimated considering the decay of a right-handed neutrino at rest. Our present analysis includes thermal momentum modes for the heavy neutrino and this leads to a total lepton asymmetry which is bigger by a factor of two as compared to the previous estimate. Nevertheless, our current and preliminary results for the freezeout are found to be in agreement (within a ˜ 12.5% uncertainty). Our analysis depends on a novel use of Padé approximants to solve the Boltzmann equations and may be more widely useful in cosmology.
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Background-Limited Infrared-Submillimeter Spectroscopy (BLISS)
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Bradford, Charles Matt
2004-01-01
The bulk of the cosmic far-infrared background light will soon be resolved into its individual sources with Spitzer, Astro-F, Herschel, and submm/mm ground-based cameras. The sources will be dusty galaxies at z approximately equal to 1-4. Their physical conditions and processes in these galaxies are directly probed with moderate-resolution spectroscopy from 20 micrometers to 1 mm. Currently large cold telescopes are being combined with sensitive direct detectors, offering the potential for mid-far-IR spectroscopy at the background limit (BLISS). The capability will allow routine observations of even modest high-redshift galaxies in a variety of lines. The BLISS instrument's capabilities are described in this presentation.
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Fluid surface compensation in digital holographic microscopy for topography measurement
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lin, Li-Chien; Tu, Han-Yen; Lai, Xin-Ji; Wang, Sheng-Shiun; Cheng, Chau-Jern
2012-06-01
A novel technique is presented for surface compensation and topography measurement of a specimen in fluid medium by digital holographic microscopy (DHM). In the measurement, the specimen is preserved in a culture dish full of liquid culture medium and an environmental vibration induces a series of ripples to create a non-uniform background on the reconstructed phase image. A background surface compensation algorithm is proposed to account for this problem. First, we distinguish the cell image from the non-uniform background and a morphological image operation is used to reduce the noise effect on the background surface areas. Then, an adaptive sampling from the background surface is employed, taking dense samples from the high-variation area while leaving the smooth region mostly untouched. A surface fitting algorithm based on the optimal bi-cubic functional approximation is used to establish a whole background surface for the phase image. Once the background surface is found, the background compensated phase can be obtained by subtracting the estimated background from the original phase image. From the experimental results, the proposed algorithm performs effectively in removing the non-uniform background of the phase image and has the ability to obtain the specimen topography inside fluid medium under environmental vibrations.
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Rational approximations to rational models: alternative algorithms for category learning.
Sanborn, Adam N; Griffiths, Thomas L; Navarro, Daniel J
2010-10-01
Rational models of cognition typically consider the abstract computational problems posed by the environment, assuming that people are capable of optimally solving those problems. This differs from more traditional formal models of cognition, which focus on the psychological processes responsible for behavior. A basic challenge for rational models is thus explaining how optimal solutions can be approximated by psychological processes. We outline a general strategy for answering this question, namely to explore the psychological plausibility of approximation algorithms developed in computer science and statistics. In particular, we argue that Monte Carlo methods provide a source of rational process models that connect optimal solutions to psychological processes. We support this argument through a detailed example, applying this approach to Anderson's (1990, 1991) rational model of categorization (RMC), which involves a particularly challenging computational problem. Drawing on a connection between the RMC and ideas from nonparametric Bayesian statistics, we propose 2 alternative algorithms for approximate inference in this model. The algorithms we consider include Gibbs sampling, a procedure appropriate when all stimuli are presented simultaneously, and particle filters, which sequentially approximate the posterior distribution with a small number of samples that are updated as new data become available. Applying these algorithms to several existing datasets shows that a particle filter with a single particle provides a good description of human inferences.
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Degradation of learned skills. A review and annotated bibliography
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Gardlin, G. R.; Sitterley, T. E.
1972-01-01
An overview of the literature dealing with the retention of learned skills is presented. Basic effects of task type, training, retention interval, and recall variables are discussed, providing a background against which more recent literature dealing with operational spaceflights tasks is compared and assessed. Detailed and summary abstracts of research reports having particular relevance to the problem of spaceflight skill retention are provided.
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Systematic Study of Pyroelectricity. Light Scattering and Pyroelectricity in Ferroelectrics
1976-04-01
6 compares the experimental X(Z:)X spectrum near 430 cm with the prediction of Eq. (2) to which a slowly varying background has been...Molecular field theory, Triglycine sulfate, Potassium niobate, Raman scattering, vidicons 20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverie tide II neceeeary and...ray and neutron scattering studies and which provides the starting point for the generalized molecular field theory of ferroelectricity proposed
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Challenges for Deploying Man-Portable Robots into Hostile Environments
2000-11-01
video, JAUGS , MDARS 1. BACKGROUND In modern-day warfare the most likely battlefield is an urban environment, which poses many threats to today’s...teleoperation, reconnaissance, surveillance, digital video, JAUGS , MDARS 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT 18...Architecture (MRHA) and the Joint Architecture for Unmanned Ground Systems ( JAUGS ). The hybrid architecture is termed SMART for Small Robotic Technology. It