The Community College Accountability Network: Understanding Institutional Accountability at Aspen Grove Community College

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harbour, Clifford P.; Davies, Timothy Gray; Gonzales-Walker, Roxanne

2010-01-01

This article reports on a qualitative, interpretive case study examining how trustees, administrators, faculty members, and staff members at a rural community college understand their institution's accountability environment. Data analysis and interpretation established that participants conceptualized institutional accountability as dialogic,…

What Account of Science Shall We Give? a Case Study of Scientists Teaching First-Year University Subjects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Dorothy V.; Mulhall, Pamela J.; Gunstone, Richard F.; Hart, Christina E.

2015-01-01

This article presents a case study of four academic scientists. These academics teach in the first year of a Bachelor of Science degree at a large research-focused Australian university that has demanded and supported a greater focus on undergraduate learning. Taken as a whole, the accounts of science that the first-year academics in this case…

Turning to Case Studies as a Mechanism for Learning in Action Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Leary, Denise; Coughlan, Paul; Rigg, Clare; Coghlan, David

2017-01-01

Case studies are a useful means of capturing and sharing experiential knowledge by allowing researchers to explore the social, organisational and political contexts of a specific case. Although accounts of action learning are often reported using a case study approach, it is not common to see individual case studies being used as a learning…

Management Control Systems and Interdependencies: An Empirical Study.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-03-01

Information Systems," Accounting , Organizations and Society (Vol. 3, No. 2 1978) pp. 3-14. Horngren , C.T., Cost Accounting : A Managerial Emphasis (5th ed...following: details of accounts , cost of each account , comparison to previous years, credit sales ratio, delinquent accounts , uncollectable accounts , growth...that managers should be held accountable for aspects of performance, such as costs , over which they have control, does not apply in the case of

CPA Credential Perceptions: A Case Study of Hispanic Accountants

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gabre, Helen G.; Flesher, Dale L.; Ross, Frank

2017-01-01

One of the recommendations of The Pathways Commission report was to increase the number of diverse entrants into the accounting profession. While the Commission's recommendation is commendable, the lack of diversity in the accounting profession is not a new problem. Hence, the accounting profession has attempted to address the underrepresentation…

Narrative and evidence. How can case studies from the history of science support claims in the philosophy of science?

PubMed

Kinzel, Katherina

2015-02-01

A common method for warranting the historical adequacy of philosophical claims is that of relying on historical case studies. This paper addresses the question as to what evidential support historical case studies can provide to philosophical claims and doctrines. It argues that in order to assess the evidential functions of historical case studies, we first need to understand the methodology involved in producing them. To this end, an account of historical reconstruction that emphasizes the narrative character of historical accounts and the theory-laden character of historical facts is introduced. The main conclusion of this paper is that historical case studies are able to provide philosophical claims with some evidential support, but that, due to theory-ladenness, their evidential import is restricted. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Applied Nuclear Accountability Systems: A Case Study in the System Architecture and Development of NuMAC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Campbell, Andrea Beth

2004-07-01

This is a case study of the NuMAC nuclear accountability system developed at a private fuel fabrication facility. This paper investigates nuclear material accountability and safeguards by researching expert knowledge applied in the system design and development. Presented is a system developed to detect and deter the theft of weapons grade nuclear material. Examined is the system architecture that includes: issues for the design and development of the system; stakeholder issues; how the system was built and evolved; software design, database design, and development tool considerations; security and computing ethics. (author)

Client Accounts of Hope in Early Counseling Sessions: A Qualitative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Larsen, Denise J.; Stege, Rachel

2012-01-01

Hope enables individuals to envision a future in which they wish to participate (Jevne, 1994) and is foundational to counseling practice. However, there has been little research examining client accounts of hope in session. Using basic interpretive inquiry, this case study examines clients' accounts of hope during counseling using video-assisted…

Not the usual suspects: addressing layers of vulnerability.

PubMed

Luna, Florencia; Vanderpoel, Sheryl

2013-07-01

This paper challenges the traditional account of vulnerability in healthcare which conceptualizes vulnerability as a list of identifiable subpopulations. This list of 'usual suspects', focusing on groups from lower resource settings, is a narrow account of vulnerability. In this article we argue that in certain circumstances middle-class individuals can be also rendered vulnerable. We propose a relational and layered account of vulnerability and explore this concept using the case study of cord blood (CB) banking. In the first section, two different approaches to 'vulnerability' are contrasted: categorical versus layered. In the second section, we describe CB banking and present a case study of CB banking in Argentina. We examine the types of pressure that middle-class pregnant women feel when considering CB collection and storage. In section three, we use the CB banking case study to critique the categorical approach to vulnerability: this model is unable to account for the ways in which these women are vulnerable. A layered account of vulnerability identifies several ways in which middle-class women are vulnerable. Finally, by utilizing the layered approach, this paper suggests how public health policies could be designed to overcome vulnerabilities. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Process tracing in political science: What's the story?

PubMed

Crasnow, Sharon

2017-04-01

Methodologists in political science have advocated for causal process tracing as a way of providing evidence for causal mechanisms. Recent analyses of the method have sought to provide more rigorous accounts of how it provides such evidence. These accounts have focused on the role of process tracing for causal inference and specifically on the way it can be used with case studies for testing hypotheses. While the analyses do provide an account of such testing, they pay little attention to the narrative elements of case studies. I argue that the role of narrative in case studies is not merely incidental. Narrative does cognitive work by both facilitating the consideration of alternative hypotheses and clarifying the relationship between evidence and explanation. I consider the use of process tracing in a particular case (the Fashoda Incident) in order to illustrate the role of narrative. I argue that process tracing contributes to knowledge production in ways that the current focus on inference tends to obscure. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

He Asked Me What!?--Using Shared Online Accounts as Training Tools for Distance Learning Librarians

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robinson, Kelly; Casey, Anne Marie; Citro, Kathleen

2017-01-01

This study explores the idea of creating a knowledge base from shared online accounts to use in training librarians who perform distance reference services. Through a survey, follow-up interviews and a case study, the investigators explored current and potential use of shared online accounts as training tools. This study revealed that the…

Teaching Undergraduate Accounting Majors How to Interpret the Accounting Standards Codification: An Alternative to Research Cases

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Toerner, Michael C.; Swindle, C. Bruce; Burckel, Daryl V.

2014-01-01

Professional accountants regularly search the FASB'S Accounting Standards Codification to find answers to financial accounting questions. Accounting educators know this and frequently use research cases in an attempt to help students begin developing this ability. But many students struggle with these cases because they have not been taught how to…

Improving the Effectiveness of Professional Education: Learning Managerial Accounting via a Complex Case.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carter, Melissa; And Others

To give students more experience with real situations, many professional schools use case studies in their courses. Creating complex cases, case experiences that immerse students in complex problems, rather than mere case studies that require armchair analysis should help students gain better and more integrated knowledge. Designing, implementing,…

Accounting for control mislabeling in case-control biomarker studies.

PubMed

Rantalainen, Mattias; Holmes, Chris C

2011-12-02

In biomarker discovery studies, uncertainty associated with case and control labels is often overlooked. By omitting to take into account label uncertainty, model parameters and the predictive risk can become biased, sometimes severely. The most common situation is when the control set contains an unknown number of undiagnosed, or future, cases. This has a marked impact in situations where the model needs to be well-calibrated, e.g., when the prediction performance of a biomarker panel is evaluated. Failing to account for class label uncertainty may lead to underestimation of classification performance and bias in parameter estimates. This can further impact on meta-analysis for combining evidence from multiple studies. Using a simulation study, we outline how conventional statistical models can be modified to address class label uncertainty leading to well-calibrated prediction performance estimates and reduced bias in meta-analysis. We focus on the problem of mislabeled control subjects in case-control studies, i.e., when some of the control subjects are undiagnosed cases, although the procedures we report are generic. The uncertainty in control status is a particular situation common in biomarker discovery studies in the context of genomic and molecular epidemiology, where control subjects are commonly sampled from the general population with an established expected disease incidence rate.

The Influence of Performance Accountability Culture on the Work of High School Principals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cohen, Michael Ian

2011-01-01

This study examined the way performance accountability culture influenced the work of public high school principals. A qualitative multiple case study design was used to discover the way principals responded to, and coped with, performance accountability culture at the local level. Interviews of nine high school principals in the state of New…

Leading for Instructional Improvement in the Context of Accountability: Central Office Leadership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rigby, Jessica Goodman; Corriell, Rebecca; Kuhl, Katie J.

2018-01-01

This case was written to help prepare central office leaders who are expected to design systems and lead toward instructional improvement in the context of both educational accountability and implementation of standards with increased rigor. The intent of this case study is to encourage educators to examine the complex and multiple challenges of…

Providing Better Education Services to the Poor: Accountability and Context in the Case of Guatemalan Decentralization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gershberg, Alec Ian; Meade, Ben; Andersson, Sven

2009-01-01

We explore how two community-based reform models align with the World Bank's "World Development Report 2004" accountability framework. Using a qualitative case study of rural Guatemalan primary schools, we examine local governance through interviews with a range of stakeholders. While both reforms appear appropriate according to the…

Role of matching in case-control studies of antimicrobial resistance.

PubMed

Cerceo, Elizabeth; Lautenbach, Ebbing; Linkin, Darren R; Bilker, Warren B; Lee, Ingi

2009-05-01

Of 57 case-control studies of antimicrobial resistance, matching was used in 23 (40%). Matched variables differed substantially across studies. Of these 23 matched case-control studies, 12 (52%) justified the use of matching, and 9 (39%) noted the strengths or limitations of this approach. Analysis that accounted for matching was performed in only 52% of the case-control studies.

Parent-child incest that extends into adulthood: a survey of international press reports, 2007-2011.

PubMed

Middleton, Warwick

2013-01-01

Although the subject of ongoing incestuous abuse during adulthood has never been addressed in a systematic way in the professional literature, accounts of such cases have been appearing for many years. The Josef Fritzl case added a new impetus to reporting such abuses in the popular press. The current study presents 44 such cases from 24 countries that appeared in English-language press accounts over 5 years commencing January 2007. These cases are discussed in light of the minimal coverage of such issues in the professional literature. The results of this study suggest that cases of enduring incest are not rare and typically incorporate decades of sexual abuse, frequently result in pregnancies, and commonly incorporate ongoing violence and death threats.

The Case for Arts Education as a Required Component of an Accounting Student?s College Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mason, J. David; Stefoff, Rebecca Mason

2004-01-01

A recent study has highlighted the importance of student perceptions of the accounting profession and the resultant self-selection process. This self-selection process may result in students self-selecting into the accounting area who are deficient in the essential qualities for success in the modern accounting profession. Warnock (1996) reports…

Factors Affecting Students' Career Choice in Accounting: The Case of a Turkish University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Uyar, Ali; Güngörmüs, Ali Haydar; Kuzey, Cemil

2011-01-01

This study investigates the reasons that influence students' career choices in accounting. In order to determine these reasons, a questionnaire survey has been employed. The empirical findings can be divided into two categories. First, students who have a desire to work in accounting field assume that accounting field provides good job…

Understanding Grammars through Diachronic Change

PubMed Central

Madariaga, Nerea

2017-01-01

In this paper, I will vindicate the importance of syntactic change for the study of synchronic stages of natural languages, according to the following outline. First, I will analyze the relationship between the diachrony and synchrony of grammars, introducing some basic concepts: the notions of I-language/E-language, the role of Chomsky's (2005) three factors in language change, and some assumptions about language acquisition. I will briefly describe the different approaches to syntactic change adopted in generative accounts, as well as their assumptions and implications (Lightfoot, 1999, 2006; van Gelderen, 2004; Biberauer et al., 2010; Roberts, 2012). Finally, I will illustrate the convenience of introducing the diachronic dimension into the study of at least certain synchronic phenomena with the help of a practical example: variation in object case marking of several verbs in Modern Russian, namely, the verbs denoting avoidance and the verbs slušat'sja “obey” and dožidat'sja “expect,” which show two object case-marking patterns, genitive case in standard varieties and accusative case in colloquial varieties. To do so, I will review previous descriptive and/or functionalist accounts on this or equivalent phenomena (Jakobson, 1984 [1936]; Clancy, 2006; Nesset and Kuznetsova, 2015a,b). Then, I will present a formal—but just synchronic—account, applying Sigurðsson (2011) hypothesis on the expression of morphological case to this phenomenon. Finally, I will show that a formal account including the diachronic dimension is superior (i.e., more explanative) than purely synchronic accounts. PMID:28824474

Site-Based Management versus Systems-Based Thinking: The Impact of Data-Driven Accountability and Reform

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mette, Ian M.; Bengtson, Ed

2015-01-01

This case was written to help prepare building-level and central office administrators who are expected to effectively lead schools and systems in an often tumultuous world of educational accountability and reform. The intent of this case study is to allow educators to examine the impact data management has on the types of thinking required when…

Accountability, Fiscal Management, and Student Achievement in East St. Louis, Illinois 1994-2006: Implications for Urban Educational Reform Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Malley, Michael P.; Roseboro, Donyell L.; Hunt, John

2012-01-01

This instrumental case study reviews the 1994-2004 period of state financial oversight in East St. Louis, Illinois School District 189, with a secondary review of the initial years of NCLB implementation. Although the oversight panel's fiscal management did generate financial stability, case findings indicate that its accountability processes did…

The Librarian's Duty of Care: Emerging Professionalism or Can of Worms?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ferguson, Stuart; Weckert, John

1998-01-01

Examines case studies highlighting accountability, and relates accountability to concepts of responsibility and duty of care. Presents arguments against holding librarians accountable for misinformation, namely, the lack of contract between librarian and patron and the distinction drawn between information intermediaries (librarians) and knowledge…

Retrospective Study of the Costs of EPA Regulations: A Report of Four Case Studies (2014)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Report discusses the factors that may account for differences between projected and actual regulatory costs and presents the findings of four case studies that attempt to assess compliance cost retrospectively.

Responses of Schools to Accountability Systems Using Multiple Measures: The Case of New York City Elementary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ehren, M. C. M.; Hatch, T.

2013-01-01

Many studies point to potential unintended consequences of accountability systems such as when schools narrow their teaching to fixate on tested subjects. As a result, some states and districts in the USA have complemented the federal test-based accountability system with additional measures of educational practices to hold schools accountable on…

Strategic Responses to Accountability Demands: A Case Study of Three Community Colleges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lattimore, John B.; D'Amico, Mark M.; Hancock, Dawson R.

2012-01-01

As community colleges receive attention focused on their role in addressing postsecondary needs, they are subject to varying levels of accountability, which necessitates the development of strategic approaches to leading institutions. Burke (2005) recognizes three accountability perspectives that higher education institutions must consider:…

Lone Geniuses in Popular Science: The Devaluation of Scientific Consensus

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Charney, Davida

2003-01-01

Popular accounts of scientific discoveries diverge from scholarly accounts, stripping off hedges and promoting short-term social consequences. This case study illustrates how the "horse-race" framing of popular accounts devalues the collective sharing, challenging, and extending of scientific work. In her best-selling "Longitude," Dava Sobel…

The Introduction of Data Processing in Middle-Level Accountancy Training Programs in Developing Countries: A Case Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schramm, Karin

1985-01-01

Examines the impact of introducing data processing in middle-level accountancy training programs in Botswana. Hardware and software considerations for the program are also examined. Since the beginning of the program, some 300 students have been trained in accounting. (JN)

Modalities of Generalization Through Single Case Studies.

PubMed

Zittoun, Tania

2017-06-01

The value of case studies for theory building is still doubted in psychology. The paper argues for the importance of case studies and the possibility of generalizing from these for a specific sociocultural understanding of human development. The paper first clarifies the notion of abduction within case studies, drawing on pragmatists James and Peirce and expanding it with the work of Lewin, and argues that it is the core mechanism that allows generalization from case studies. The second section presents the possibility of generalizing from individual single case studies, for which not only the subjective perspective, but also the dynamics by which the social and cultural environment guide and enable the person's development, have to be accounted for. The third section elaborates the question of institutional case studies, where the challenge is to account both for institutional dynamics, and for persons' trajectories within; this is exemplified with an ongoing study on the process of obtaining citizenship in Switzerland. The paper briefly concludes by highlighting two possible implications of the paper, one concerning the process of theoretical reasoning, the other, the fact that sociocultural psychology could itself be seen as an institution in-the-making.

Using Case Studies in Business Education to Promote Networked Thinking: Findings of an Intervention Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pilz, Matthias; Zenner, Lea

2018-01-01

Case studies are central to the way management is currently taught at universities. Among other benefits attributed to the case study method is that it promotes networked thinking by learners. Networked thinking takes account of interactions and repercussions, making it crucial to decision-making within the complex system of rules that shapes…

Case-control analysis in highway safety: Accounting for sites with multiple crashes.

PubMed

Gross, Frank

2013-12-01

There is an increased interest in the use of epidemiological methods in highway safety analysis. The case-control and cohort methods are commonly used in the epidemiological field to identify risk factors and quantify the risk or odds of disease given certain characteristics and factors related to an individual. This same concept can be applied to highway safety where the entity of interest is a roadway segment or intersection (rather than a person) and the risk factors of interest are the operational and geometric characteristics of a given roadway. One criticism of the use of these methods in highway safety is that they have not accounted for the difference between sites with single and multiple crashes. In the medical field, a disease either occurs or it does not; multiple occurrences are generally not an issue. In the highway safety field, it is necessary to evaluate the safety of a given site while accounting for multiple crashes. Otherwise, the analysis may underestimate the safety effects of a given factor. This paper explores the use of the case-control method in highway safety and two variations to account for sites with multiple crashes. Specifically, the paper presents two alternative methods for defining cases in a case-control study and compares the results in a case study. The first alternative defines a separate case for each crash in a given study period, thereby increasing the weight of the associated roadway characteristics in the analysis. The second alternative defines entire crash categories as cases (sites with one crash, sites with two crashes, etc.) and analyzes each group separately in comparison to sites with no crashes. The results are also compared to a "typical" case-control application, where the cases are simply defined as any entity that experiences at least one crash and controls are those entities without a crash in a given period. In a "typical" case-control design, the attributes associated with single-crash segments are weighted the same as the attributes of segments with multiple crashes. The results support the hypothesis that the "typical" case-control design may underestimate the safety effects of a given factor compared to methods that account for sites with multiple crashes. Compared to the first alternative case definition (where multiple crash segments represent multiple cases) the results from the "typical" case-control design are less pronounced (i.e., closer to unity). The second alternative (where case definitions are constructed for various crash categories and analyzed separately) provides further evidence that sites with single and multiple crashes should not be grouped together in a case-control analysis. This paper indicates a clear need to differentiate sites with single and multiple crashes in a case-control analysis. While the results suggest that sites with multiple crashes can be accounted for using a case-control design, further research is needed to determine the optimal method for addressing this issue. This paper provides a starting point for that research. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Accounting for Multiple Births in Neonatal and Perinatal Trials: Systematic Review and Case Study

PubMed Central

Hibbs, Anna Maria; Black, Dennis; Palermo, Lisa; Cnaan, Avital; Luan, Xianqun; Truog, William E; Walsh, Michele C; Ballard, Roberta A

2010-01-01

Objectives To determine the prevalence in the neonatal literature of statistical approaches accounting for the unique clustering patterns of multiple births. To explore the sensitivity of an actual trial to several analytic approaches to multiples. Methods A systematic review of recent perinatal trials assessed the prevalence of studies accounting for clustering of multiples. The NO CLD trial served as a case study of the sensitivity of the outcome to several statistical strategies. We calculated odds ratios using non-clustered (logistic regression) and clustered (generalized estimating equations, multiple outputation) analyses. Results In the systematic review, most studies did not describe the randomization of twins and did not account for clustering. Of those studies that did, exclusion of multiples and generalized estimating equations were the most common strategies. The NO CLD study included 84 infants with a sibling enrolled in the study. Multiples were more likely than singletons to be white and were born to older mothers (p<0.01). Analyses that accounted for clustering were statistically significant; analyses assuming independence were not. Conclusions The statistical approach to multiples can influence the odds ratio and width of confidence intervals, thereby affecting the interpretation of a study outcome. A minority of perinatal studies address this issue. PMID:19969305

Accounting for multiple births in neonatal and perinatal trials: systematic review and case study.

PubMed

Hibbs, Anna Maria; Black, Dennis; Palermo, Lisa; Cnaan, Avital; Luan, Xianqun; Truog, William E; Walsh, Michele C; Ballard, Roberta A

2010-02-01

To determine the prevalence in the neonatal literature of statistical approaches accounting for the unique clustering patterns of multiple births and to explore the sensitivity of an actual trial to several analytic approaches to multiples. A systematic review of recent perinatal trials assessed the prevalence of studies accounting for clustering of multiples. The Nitric Oxide to Prevent Chronic Lung Disease (NO CLD) trial served as a case study of the sensitivity of the outcome to several statistical strategies. We calculated odds ratios using nonclustered (logistic regression) and clustered (generalized estimating equations, multiple outputation) analyses. In the systematic review, most studies did not describe the random assignment of twins and did not account for clustering. Of those studies that did, exclusion of multiples and generalized estimating equations were the most common strategies. The NO CLD study included 84 infants with a sibling enrolled in the study. Multiples were more likely than singletons to be white and were born to older mothers (P < .01). Analyses that accounted for clustering were statistically significant; analyses assuming independence were not. The statistical approach to multiples can influence the odds ratio and width of confidence intervals, thereby affecting the interpretation of a study outcome. A minority of perinatal studies address this issue. Copyright 2010 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Account Deletion Prediction on RuNet: A Case Study of Suspicious Twitter Accounts Active During the Russian-Ukrainian Crisis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Volkova, Svitlana; Bell, Eric B.

Social networks are dynamically changing over time e.g., some accounts are being created and some are being deleted or become private. This ephemerality at both an account level and content level results from a combination of privacy concerns, spam, and deceptive behaviors. In this study we analyze a large dataset of 180,340 accounts active during the Russian-Ukrainian crisis to discover a series of predictive features for the removal or shutdown of a suspicious account. We find that unlike previously reported profile and net- work features, lexical features form the basis for highly accurate prediction of the deletion of an account.

Orienting Schools toward Equity: Subgroup Accountability Pressure and School-Level Responses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garver, Rachel

2017-01-01

This article examines school-level responses to subgroup accountability pressure through an ethnographic case study of a school cited for failing to make adequate yearly progress for student subgroups. Concerns about the calculations and measures used to derive the citation and reservations about acting on accountability data delegitimized the…

Feet and Syllables in "Elephants" and "Missiles": A Reappraisal

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zonneveld, Wim; van der Pas, Brigit; de Bree, Elise

2007-01-01

Using data from a case study presented in Chiat (1989), Marshall and Chiat (2003) compare two different approaches to account for the realization of intervocalic consonants in child phonology: "coda capture theory" and the "foot domain account". They argue in favour of the latter account. In this note, we present a reappraisal…

Active Accountability: A Cross-Case Study of Two Schools Negotiating Improvement, Change, and Organizational Integrity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gasoi, Emily

2012-01-01

Educational accountability has come to be defined almost exclusively in terms of schools meeting external standards of improvement. Building on a body of scholarship that presents schools as complex organizations, this research proposes that a more robust understanding of educational accountability must be grounded in practitioners perceptions of…

Selection of Technical Communication Concepts for Integration into an Accounting Information Systems Course: A WAC Case Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gelinas, Ulric J., Jr.; Rama, D. V.; Skelton, Terrance M.

1997-01-01

Profiles a writing-across-the-curriculum project in an accountancy program. Notes that the team's collaborative process produced three critical planning decisions: (1) establishing "fitness-for-use" for evaluating student communications; (2) selecting only those forms of communication used in accountancy; and (3) teaching only those…

Governance and Compliance in Accounting Education in Vietnam--Case of a Public University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bui, Binh; Hoang, Hien; Phan, Duc P. T.; Yapa, P. W. Senarath

2017-01-01

Prior research suggests that despite the mass development of higher education in Vietnam recently, the quality of higher education is declining. This study aims to understand the impact of the education reform on the quality of university accounting education by investigating the involvement of different stakeholders in accounting education within…

The Vocational Skills Gap for Management Accountants: The Stakeholders' Perspectives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hassall, Trevor; Joyce, John; Montano, Jose Luis Arquero; Anes, Jose Antonio Donoso

2003-01-01

Develops a case study that examines the process of the professional education and training of management accountants. Identifies the relative importance of a specified range of vocational skills needed for a chartered management accountant, and prioritizes areas for development and training based on opinions of employers and students. (Author/LRW)

Tetanus - still a scourge in the 21st century: a paediatric hospital-based study in India.

PubMed

Mishra, Kirtisudha; Basu, Srikanta; Kumar, Dipti; Dutta, Ashok Kumar; Kumar, Praveen; Rath, Bimbadhar

2012-07-01

Tetanus remains endemic in India. A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted to review the profile of all children admitted with diagnosis of tetanus between January 2009 and December 2010. A total of 140 cases of tetanus were admitted; 45 cases of neonatal tetanus (NT) and 77 cases of post-neonatal tetanus (PNT) were studied. Age of presentation of NT was 9.4 ± 1.2 days. Home-delivered children accounted for 86.7% of cases, with 77.8% being attended by untrained birth attendants. Unimmunized mothers accounted for 93.4%. In PNT, otogenic route of infection and trauma were present in 58.4% and 23.3% of cases, respectively. The rate of hospital admission of tetanus remains high. Unlike previously published reports, otogenic route is the most common mode of PNT infection in this study. Improving immunization, increasing deliveries by skilled birth attendants and prompt treatment of suppurative otitis media are the main areas in which public health initiatives need to be focused.

Associative visual agnosia: a case study.

PubMed

Charnallet, A; Carbonnel, S; David, D; Moreaud, O

2008-01-01

We report a case of massive associative visual agnosia. In the light of current theories of identification and semantic knowledge organization, a deficit involving both levels of structural description system and visual semantics must be assumed to explain the case. We suggest, in line with a previous case study, an alternative account in the framework of (non abstractive) episodic models of memory.

Research subject privacy protection in otolaryngology.

PubMed

Noone, Michael C; Walters, K Christian; Gillespie, M Boyd

2004-03-01

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act regulations, which took effect on April 14, 2003, placed new constraints on the use of protected health information for research purposes. To review practices of research subject privacy protection in otolaryngology in order to determine steps necessary to achieve compliance with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act regulations. Literature review. Articles appearing in 2001 in 3 widely circulated otolaryngology journals were classified according to study design. The "Methods" section of each article was reviewed to determine whether the informed consent and institutional review board processes were clearly documented. Descriptive studies involving case reports and case series were more common than observational studies that include a control group (66% vs 11%). Few case series documented the consent process (18%) and institutional review board process (19%). Observational designs demonstrated better documentation of the consent process (P<.001) and the institutional review board exemption and approval process (P<.001). Methods used to protect subject privacy are not commonly documented in case series in otolaryngology. More attention needs to be given to research subject privacy concerns in the otolaryngology literature in order to comply with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act regulations.

Global, local and focused geographic clustering for case-control data with residential histories

PubMed Central

Jacquez, Geoffrey M; Kaufmann, Andy; Meliker, Jaymie; Goovaerts, Pierre; AvRuskin, Gillian; Nriagu, Jerome

2005-01-01

Background This paper introduces a new approach for evaluating clustering in case-control data that accounts for residential histories. Although many statistics have been proposed for assessing local, focused and global clustering in health outcomes, few, if any, exist for evaluating clusters when individuals are mobile. Methods Local, global and focused tests for residential histories are developed based on sets of matrices of nearest neighbor relationships that reflect the changing topology of cases and controls. Exposure traces are defined that account for the latency between exposure and disease manifestation, and that use exposure windows whose duration may vary. Several of the methods so derived are applied to evaluate clustering of residential histories in a case-control study of bladder cancer in south eastern Michigan. These data are still being collected and the analysis is conducted for demonstration purposes only. Results Statistically significant clustering of residential histories of cases was found but is likely due to delayed reporting of cases by one of the hospitals participating in the study. Conclusion Data with residential histories are preferable when causative exposures and disease latencies occur on a long enough time span that human mobility matters. To analyze such data, methods are needed that take residential histories into account. PMID:15784151

Collaborative Teaching in a Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Higher Education Setting: A Case Study of a Postgraduate Accounting Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evans, Elaine; Tindale, Jen; Cable, Dawn; Mead, Suzanne Hamil

2009-01-01

The Language for Professional Communication in Accounting project has changed teaching practice in a linguistically and culturally diverse postgraduate accounting program at Macquarie University in Australia. This paper reflects on the project's interdisciplinary and collaborative approach to diversity in the classroom by tracing its growth and…

"Catalyst Data": Perverse Systemic Effects of Audit and Accountability in Australian Schooling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lingard, Bob; Sellar, Sam

2013-01-01

This paper examines the perverse effects of the new accountability regime central to the Labor government's national reform agenda in schooling. The focus is on National Assessment Program -- Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) results that now act as "catalyst data" and are pivotal to school and system accountability. We offer a case study,…

Local Control in the Era of Accountability: A Case Study of Wisconsin PreK

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Graue, M. Elizabeth; Wilinski, Bethany; Nocera, Amato

2016-01-01

The opposing principles of local control and increased standardization are a prominent tension in the United States' education system. Since at least the early 1990s, this tension has taken shape around the accountability movement, defined by educational reforms that hold schools, teachers, and students accountable for performance on new…

Case study: reconciling the quality and safety gap through strategic planning.

PubMed

Jeffs, Lianne; Merkley, Jane; Jeffrey, Jana; Ferris, Ella; Dusek, Janice; Hunter, Catherine

2006-05-01

An essential outcome of professional practice environments is the provision of high-quality, safe nursing care. To mitigate the quality and safety chasm, nursing leadership at St. Michael's Hospital undertook a strategic plan to enhance the nursing professional practice environment. This case study outlines the development of the strategic planning process: the driving forces (platform); key stakeholders (process and players); vision, guiding principles, strategic directions, framework for action and accountability (plan); lessons learned (pearls); and next steps to moving forward the vision, strategic directions and accountability mechanisms (passion and perseverance).

Collaborative Assessment: Middle School Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parkison, Paul T.

2014-01-01

Utilizing a participant observer research model, a case study of the efficacy of a collaborative assessment methodology within a middle school social studies class was conducted. A review of existing research revealed that students' perceptions of assessment, evaluation, and accountability influence their intrinsic motivation to learn. A…

Concerns, Use of Time, and the Intersections of Leadership: Case Study of Two Charter School Principals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bickmore, Dana L.; Dowell, Margaret-Mary Sulentic

2011-01-01

As part of a multiple case study of charter school leadership, the researchers in this study examined 2 principals' priorities and practices through their expressed concerns and use of time. Through an embedded case design and analysis, 6 themes surfaced from the principal interviews that occurred over the course of a school year--accountability,…

Seminary Formation: A Case Study from the Pontifical Beda College, Rome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strange, Roderick

2015-01-01

This case study account reviews issues related to seminary formation and education at the Beda College, Rome, including Fundamentals of Formation, Community Life, Organizing Formation, Intellectual Formation, Spiritual Formation, Pastoral Formation, and the challenges arising in these fields.

Associative Visual Agnosia: A Case Study

PubMed Central

Charnallet, A.; Carbonnel, S.; David, D.; Moreaud, O.

2008-01-01

We report a case of massive associative visual agnosia. In the light of current theories of identification and semantic knowledge organization, a deficit involving both levels of structural description system and visual semantics must be assumed to explain the case. We suggest, in line with a previous case study [1], an alternative account in the framework of (non abstractive) episodic models of memory [4]. PMID:18413915

The challenges to gender integration in the career fire services: a comparative case study of men in nursing

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-01

GENDER INTEGRATION IN THE CAREER FIRE SERVICES: A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY OF MEN IN NURSING by Anna L. Schermerhorn-Collins March 2017...IN THE CAREER FIRE SERVICES: A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY OF MEN IN NURSING 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6. AUTHOR(S) Anna L. Schermerhorn-Collins 7... comparative case study of men in nursing. Research is based in academic and historical accounts, in addition to the use of participant-observation

Standard setting: the crucial issues. A case study of accounting & auditing.

PubMed

Nowakowski, J R

1982-01-01

A study of standard-setting efforts in accounting and auditing is reported. The study reveals four major areas of concern in a professional standard-setting effort: (1) issues related to the rationale for setting standards, (2) issues related to the standard-setting board and its support structure, (3) issues related to the content of standards and rules for generating them, and (4) issues that deal with how standards are put to use. Principles derived from the study of accounting and auditing are provided to illuminate and assess standard-setting efforts in evaluation.

The Expense Tied to Secondary Course Failure: The Case of Ontario

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Faubert, Brenton

2016-01-01

This article describes a study that examined the volume of secondary course failure and its direct budget impact on Ontario's K-12 public education system. The study employed a straightforward, descriptive accounting method to estimate the annual expenditure tied to secondary course failure, taking into account some factors known to be…

Interrelations between Policymakers' Intentions and School Agents' Interpretation of Accountability Policy in Israel

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Amdur, Lisa; Mero-Jaffe, Irit

2017-01-01

The study examined the interrelations between policymakers' intentions for test-based accountability policy and school agents' perceptions and actions with regard to this policy. Mixed methods were used and encompassed 24 policymakers, 80 school principals, 168 teachers and case studies of four schools. New institutional theory, including the…

Understanding Educational Policy Formation: The Case of School Violence Policies in Israel

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fast, Idit

2016-01-01

This study explores mechanisms underlying processes of educational policy formation. Previous studies have given much attention to processes of diffusion when accounting for educational policy formation. Less account has been given to the day-to-day institutional dynamics through which educational policies develop and change. Building on extensive…

Case-Based Instructional Practices: A Multiple-Case Study from Torts, Marketing, and Online Instructional Design Classes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jung, Ji yoon

2017-01-01

The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive account on case-based instructional practices. Semester-long participant observation records in torts, marketing, and online instructional design classes, instructor interviews, course syllabi and teaching materials were used to describe the within-class complexity of the practices in terms…

Psychological Vulnerability in Children Next-Born after Stillbirth: A Case-Control Follow-Up Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turton, Penelope; Badenhorst, William; Pawlby, Susan; White, Sarah; Hughes, Patricia

2009-01-01

Background: Case studies and anecdotal accounts suggest that perinatal loss may impact upon other children in the family, including those born subsequent to loss. However, there is a dearth of systematically collected quantitative data on this potentially vulnerable group. Methods: Case-controlled follow-up of 52 mothers with history of stillbirth…

Does trauma memory play a role in the experience of reporting sexual assault during police interviews? An exploratory study.

PubMed

Hardy, Amy; Young, Kerry; Holmes, Emily A

2009-11-01

A recent study indicated that 94.4% of reported sexual assault cases in the UK do not result in successful legal prosecution, also known as the rate of attrition (Kelly, Lovett, & Regan, 2005). Scant research has examined the role of trauma-related psychological processes in attrition. Victims of sexual assault (N =22) completed questions about peri-traumatic dissociation, trauma memory fragmentation, account incoherence during police interview, and likelihood of proceeding with legal cases. Higher levels of dissociation during sexual assault were associated with participants reporting more fragmented trauma memories. Memory fragmentation was associated with participants indicating that they provided more incoherent accounts of trauma during police interview. Importantly, people who viewed themselves as providing more incoherent accounts predicted that they would be less likely to proceed with their legal cases. The findings suggest trauma impacts on memory, and these trauma-related disruptions to memory may paradoxically contribute to attrition.

Case mix, quality, and cost relationships in Colorado nursing homes.

PubMed

Schlenker, R E; Shaughessy, P W

1984-01-01

The analyses reported in this article assessed the cost, case mix, and quality interrelationships among Colorado nursing homes. A unique set of patient-level data was collected specifically to measure case mix and quality. Case mix was found to be strongly associated with cost, accounting for up to 45 percent of the variation in cost per patient day. The relationship between quality and cost was weaker; quality variables accounted for only about 10 percent of the cost per day variation. Case mix was also associated with several facility characteristics found to be significant in other cost studies, suggesting that such facility characteristics serve as partial proxy measures for case mix. The cost-case mix relationships appear to be strong enough to justify incorporating case mix directly in nursing home reimbursement systems. In contrast, the weaker cost-quality association implies that it may not (yet) be appropriate to incorporate quality directly in reimbursement.

Priority-setting and hospital strategic planning: a qualitative case study.

PubMed

Martin, Douglas; Shulman, Ken; Santiago-Sorrell, Patricia; Singer, Peter

2003-10-01

To describe and evaluate the priority-setting element of a hospital's strategic planning process. Qualitative case study and evaluation against the conditions of 'accountability for reasonableness' of a strategic planning process at a large urban university-affiliated hospital. The hospital's strategic planning process met the conditions of 'accountability for reasonableness' in large part. Specifically: the hospital based its decisions on reasons (both information and criteria) that the participants felt were relevant to the hospital; the number and type of participants were very extensive; the process, decisions and reasons were well communicated throughout the organization, using multiple communication vehicles; and the process included an ethical framework linked to an effort to evaluate and improve the process. However, there were opportunities to improve the process, particularly by giving participants more time to absorb the information relevant to priority-setting decisions, more time to take difficult decisions and some means to appeal or revise decisions. A case study linked to an evaluation using 'accountability for reasonableness' can serve to improve priority-setting in the context of hospital strategic planning.

Model-Selection Theory: The Need for a More Nuanced Picture of Use-Novelty and Double-Counting

PubMed Central

Steele, Katie; Werndl, Charlotte

2018-01-01

Abstract This article argues that common intuitions regarding (a) the specialness of ‘use-novel’ data for confirmation and (b) that this specialness implies the ‘no-double-counting rule’, which says that data used in ‘constructing’ (calibrating) a model cannot also play a role in confirming the model’s predictions, are too crude. The intuitions in question are pertinent in all the sciences, but we appeal to a climate science case study to illustrate what is at stake. Our strategy is to analyse the intuitive claims in light of prominent accounts of confirmation of model predictions. We show that on the Bayesian account of confirmation, and also on the standard classical hypothesis-testing account, claims (a) and (b) are not generally true; but for some select cases, it is possible to distinguish data used for calibration from use-novel data, where only the latter confirm. The more specialized classical model-selection methods, on the other hand, uphold a nuanced version of claim (a), but this comes apart from (b), which must be rejected in favour of a more refined account of the relationship between calibration and confirmation. Thus, depending on the framework of confirmation, either the scope or the simplicity of the intuitive position must be revised. 1 Introduction2 A Climate Case Study3 The Bayesian Method vis-à-vis Intuitions4 Classical Tests vis-à-vis Intuitions5 Classical Model-Selection Methods vis-à-vis Intuitions  5.1 Introducing classical model-selection methods  5.2 Two cases6 Re-examining Our Case Study7 Conclusion PMID:29780170

A retrospective longitudinal study of animal and human rabies in Botswana 1989-2006.

PubMed

Moagabo, K T; Monyame, K B; Baipoledi, E K; Letshwenyo, M; Mapitse, N; Hyera, J M K

2009-12-01

A longitudinal study of animal and human rabies covering 18 years from 1989 to 2006 was retrospectively conducted in order to highlight the epidemiological features and trends of the disease in Botswana. Over the 18-year period, a total of 4 306 brain specimens collected from various species of animals including human beings with clinical signs consistent with rabies were submitted to the National Veterinary Laboratory in Gaborone for confirmatory diagnosis. Of the samples submitted, 2419 cases were found to be positive for lyssavirus antigen; this presents an overall prevalence rate of 56.18 +/- 1.48%. About 85.7% (2 074/2 419) of the cases were from domestic animals, 14.2% (343/2 419) cases were from wild animals and two cases (0.1%) were from human beings. During the first half of the study (1989-1997) the prevalence rate of the disease was estimated at 62.79 +/- 1.85% (1645/2620 positive) whereas during the second half (1998-2006) it was estimated at 45.91 +/- 2.38% (774/1686 positive) and the difference between the two estimates was statistically, highly significant (delta % = 16.88, SE(95) diff % = 3.015, SD = 5.599; P < 0.001). Ruminant rabies accounted for 79.99% (50.92% bovine, 928.40% caprine and 0.67% ovine) whereas canine (domestic dog) and feline (domestic cat) accounted for 16.01 and 0.87%, respectively. Equine rabies accounted for 3.13% with 1.35 and 1.78%, respectively, for horses and donkeys. Jackal rabies accounted for more than 60% of the total cases in wild animals. These findings are discussed in relation to the previous epidemiological situation of the disease (1979-1988), its socio-economic impact, monitoring and control in Botswana.

Model-Selection Theory: The Need for a More Nuanced Picture of Use-Novelty and Double-Counting.

PubMed

Steele, Katie; Werndl, Charlotte

2018-06-01

This article argues that common intuitions regarding (a) the specialness of 'use-novel' data for confirmation and (b) that this specialness implies the 'no-double-counting rule', which says that data used in 'constructing' (calibrating) a model cannot also play a role in confirming the model's predictions, are too crude. The intuitions in question are pertinent in all the sciences, but we appeal to a climate science case study to illustrate what is at stake. Our strategy is to analyse the intuitive claims in light of prominent accounts of confirmation of model predictions. We show that on the Bayesian account of confirmation, and also on the standard classical hypothesis-testing account, claims (a) and (b) are not generally true; but for some select cases, it is possible to distinguish data used for calibration from use-novel data, where only the latter confirm. The more specialized classical model-selection methods, on the other hand, uphold a nuanced version of claim (a), but this comes apart from (b), which must be rejected in favour of a more refined account of the relationship between calibration and confirmation. Thus, depending on the framework of confirmation, either the scope or the simplicity of the intuitive position must be revised. 1   Introduction 2   A Climate Case Study 3   The Bayesian Method vis-à-vis Intuitions 4   Classical Tests vis-à-vis Intuitions 5   Classical Model-Selection Methods vis-à-vis Intuitions    5.1   Introducing classical model-selection methods    5.2   Two cases 6   Re-examining Our Case Study 7   Conclusion .

[Comparison of external fixation with or without limited internal fixation for open knee fractures].

PubMed

Li, K N; Lan, H; He, Z Y; Wang, X J; Yuan, J; Zhao, P; Mu, J S

2018-03-01

Objective: To explore the characteristics and methods of different fixation methods and prevention of open knee joint fracture. Methods: The data of 86 cases of open knee joint fracture admitted from January 2002 to December 2015 in Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University were analyzed retrospectively.There were 65 males and 21 females aged of 38.6 years. There were 38 cases treated with trans articular external fixation alone, 48 cases were in the trans articular external fixation plus auxiliary limited internal fixation group. All the patients were treated according to the same three stages except for different fixation methods. Observation of external fixation and fracture fixation, fracture healing, wound healing and treatment, treatment and related factors of infection control and knee function recovery. χ(2) test was used to analyze data. Results: Eleven patients had primary wound healing, accounting for 12.8%. Seventy-five patients had two wounds healed, accounting for 87.2%. Only 38 cases of trans articular external fixator group had 31 cases of articular surface reduction, accounting for 81.6%; Five cases of trans articular external fixator assisted limited internal fixation group had 5 cases of poor reduction, accounting for 10.4%; There was significant difference between the two groups (χ(2)=44.132, P <0.05). Take a single cross joint external fixation group, a total of 23 cases of patients with infection, accounted for 60.5% of external fixation group; trans articular external fixation assisted limited internal fixation group there were 30 cases of patients with infection, accounting for the assistance of external fixator and limited internal fixation group 62.5%; There was significant difference between the two groups(χ(2)=0.035, P >0.05). Five cases of fracture nonunion cases of serious infection, patients voluntarily underwent amputation. The Lysholm Knee Scale: In the external fixation group, 23 cases were less than 50 points, accounting for 60.5%, 15 cases were more than 50 points, accounting for 39.5%, external fixation and limited internal fixation group 20 cases were less than 50 points, accounting for 41.7%, 28 cases were more than 50 points, accounting for 58.3%; There was significant difference between the two groups(χ(2)=1.279, P >0.05). Conclusions: Prevention and control of infection is a central link in the treatment of open fracture of the knee. Trans articular external fixator plus limited internal fixation is an important measure to treat open fracture of the knee-joint.

Fraternization in Accounting Firms: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heinze, Tim; Kizirian, Tim; Leese, Wallace

2004-01-01

This case study sheds light on how to avoid risks caused by manager-subordinate dating relationships (fraternization) such as employee misunderstandings, retaliation charges, favoritism complaints, wrongful termination lawsuits, and sexual harassment lawsuits, as well as associated ethical risks. Risk avoidance can be accomplished through a better…

Family Literacy in Cultural Context: Lessons from Two Case Studies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Puchner, Laurel D.

A study examined the literature to determine the veracity of the criticism of some educators who say that family literacy programs in the United States fail to take into account important cultural issues when dealing with certain target groups. Issues invoked included the need to take traditional cultural values and practices into account in…

Learning Financial Accounting in a Tertiary Institution of a Developing Country. An Investigation into Instructional Methods

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abeysekera, Indra

2011-01-01

This study examines three instructional methods (traditional, interactive, and group case-based study), and student opinions on their preference for learning financial accounting in large classes at a metropolitan university in Sri Lanka. It analyses the results of a survey questionnaire of students, using quantitative techniques to determine the…

Integrating Enterprise Resource Planning (SAP) in the Accounting Curriculum: A Systematic Literature Review and Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blount, Yvette; Abedin, Babak; Vatanasakdakul, Savanid; Erfani, Seyedezahra

2016-01-01

This study investigates how an enterprise resource planning (ERP) software package SAP was integrated into the curriculum of an accounting information systems (AIS) course in an Australian university. Furthermore, the paper provides a systematic literature review of articles published between 1990 and 2013 to understand how ERP systems were…

Undergraduate Students' Perceptions of Technology-Supported Learning: The Case of an Accounting Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flynn, Antoinette; Concannon, Fiona; Bheachain, Caoilfhionn Ni

2005-01-01

The aim of this study is to explore students' perceptions of e-learning in a large undergraduate accounting class environment. E-learning technologies are increasingly widespread; however, they are often employed for technology's sake rather than directed by a pedagogic rationale. This study explores e-learning technology from the student's…

A Principal Striving for Effective Instructional Leadership in an Era of Accountability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mazzoni, Matthew J.

2017-01-01

The purpose of this case study was to explore a principal's experiences and how they aligned to Hallinger and Murphy's (1985) effective instructional leadership practices in an era of accountability. This study of effective principal leadership is timely and relevant due to the recent implementation of national and state mandates for principals to…

Long-term Evaluation of Landuse Changes On Landscape Water Balance - A Case Study From North-east Germany

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wegehenkel, M.

In this paper, long-term effects of different afforestation scenarios on landscape wa- ter balance will be analyzed taking into account the results of a regional case study. This analysis is based on using a GIS-coupled simulation model for the the spatially distributed calculation of water balance.For this purpose, the modelling system THE- SEUS with a simple GIS-interface will be used. To take into account the special case of change in forest cover proportion, THESEUS was enhanced with a simple for- est growth model. In the regional case study, model runs will be performed using a detailed spatial data set from North-East Germany. This data set covers a mesoscale catchment located at the moraine landscape of North-East Germany. Based on this data set, the influence of the actual landuse and of different landuse change scenarios on water balance dynamics will be investigated taking into account the spatial distributed modelling results from THESEUS. The model was tested using different experimen- tal data sets from field plots as well as obsverded catchment discharge. Additionally to such convential validation techniques, remote sensing data were used to check the simulated regional distribution of water balance components like evapotranspiration in the catchment.

The Development of Accounting Education and Practice in an Environment of Socio-Economic Transformation in the Middle East: The Case of Jordan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alsharari, Nizar Mohammad

2017-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of accounting education and practice as influenced by the socio-economic transformation in Jordan. Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents an explanatory study of how accounting education and practice has developed in relation to socio-economic change in Jordan, using the…

A Case Study of Principal Leadership in an Effective Inclusive School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoppey, David; McLeskey, James

2013-01-01

This investigation examined the role of the principal in school change during the current era of high-stakes accountability. Qualitative methods were used to conduct a case study of one principal who had a record of success in leading school change efforts and developing a model inclusive program in his school. The results of the case study…

Non malignant peripheral lymphadenopathy in Nigerians.

PubMed

Adelusola, Kayode A

2002-01-01

Persistent peripheral lymphadenopathy (PL) not associated with malignancy or a focal lesion can pose a diagnostic and therapeutic problem. This study reports the pathological findings in the lymph nodes of 225 patients who presented with PL at the University Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria within a period of ten years. Majority of the patients were male, with a male: female ratio of 1.5:1. Patients below the age of 41 accounted for 70.6% of the cases. Children aged 0-15 years accounted for 27.1% of total number of cases. The most common histopathologic diagnosis was chronic granulomatous lymphadenitis (49.3%) with tuberculosis accounting for almost all the cases. Thirty six (32.7%) cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis occurred in children. Other pathological lesions were: chronic non specific lymphadenitis (35.6%) reactive lymphadenopathies (13.3%) and acute lymphadenopathy (1.8%). Toxoplasmosis was the most common cause of reactive lymphadenopathy. Tuberculosis should be suspected and ruled out in patients who present with PL, particularly in rural areas with no access to histopathology services.

Kiondo Bag Boutique: A Serial Case for Introductory Financial Accounting

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siriwardane, Harshini P.

2014-01-01

Kiondo Bag Boutique is a hypothetical serial case involving a start-up retail business. The case evolves from an ambitious business idea to a successful business. Through the evolving business, the importance of accounting information is highlighted. Different iterations are used to illustrate the role of accounting in serving and managing…

Miller Table Company: A Profit Analysis Case Integrating Managerial Accounting, Microeconomics and Marketing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Louise

2014-01-01

This paper describes a unique integrative business case appropriate for use in a managerial accounting course or other business courses related to economics or marketing. The case describes a scenario in which a managerial accountant is assisting in business decisions relating to factors influencing the profitability of a small manufacturing…

[Assessment of energy metabolism and nutritional supply in children with mechanical ventilation].

PubMed

Ji, Jian; Qian, Suyun; Yan, Jie

2016-01-01

To determine the resting energy expenditure on mechanical ventilation in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) by indirect calorimetry, and analyze the distribution of metabolic states. The nutrition supply was assessed according to the resting energy expenditure. An observational study which was held in PICU of Beijing Children's Hospital from November 2013 to April 2014. Critically ill children with mechanical ventilation were enrolled in this study. The inclusion criteria included the following: (1) pediatric critical illness score < 90, or meet the United States PICU admission criteria; (2) age > 29 days, < 18 years old; (3) time of mechanical ventilation > 24 hours; (4) volume of mechanical ventilation > 60 ml. Resting energy expenditure was determined by US Med Graphic Company CCM/D energy metabolism test system. Predictive resting energy expenditure was calculated for each subject with age-appropriate equation (Schofield-HTWT). According to the actual energy intake records and required energy intake (10% higher than the measured value) to define the nutritional status. The selected subjects were grouped according to gender, age, types of disease and nutritional status, and compared the metabolic status and nutritional supply of different groups. Sixty-eight children were enrolled in this study, 46 were boys and 22 were girls, including 25 cases of pneumonia with respiratory failure, 23 cases of central nervous system diseases complicated with respiratory failure and 20 cases of postoperative tracheal intubation. The ratio of boys and girls was 2:1. The results showed 36 patients in a low metabolic state, accounting for 53%, 23 patients in a high metabolic state, accounting for 34% and 9 patients (13%) in the metabolism of the normal state. In the male children, 12 cases (26%) were in the high metabolism and 26 cases (57%) were in the low metabolism, and 8 cases (17%) were in the normal metabolism. In the female children, 11 cases (50%) were classified into high metabolism; 10 cases (45%) into low metabolism and 1 case (5%) was classified into normal metabolism. There was no significant difference in the distribution of metabolic status among different gender(χ(2) = 4.176, P = 0.095). In terms of ages, 15 cases (63%) were mainly in high metabolism in the patients at age < 3 years, 19 and 11 patients in 3-9 and 10-18 years age group respectively are mostly in low metabolism. As to the diseases, pneumonia complicated with respiratory failure and central nervous system diseases complicated with respiratory failure with mechanical ventilation (respectively 15 cases (60%) and 12 cases (52%)) were in low metabolism mainly; 11 cases of postoperative tracheal intubation were in high metabolism states, accounting for 55%. The distribution of metabolic status in different age and clinical diagnosis had significant difference. Thirty-one patients had normal nutrients supply, accounting for 46%, 37 patients had inappropriate nutrition supply, accounting for 54%, including insufficient supplies of nutrients in 22 cases, accounting for 32%, excessive supplies of nutrients were seen in 15 cases(22%). There were no statistically significant differences among the different types of diseases. There are differences in the metabolic state of the mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients, mainly in low metabolic state. The age and types of diseases can affect the metabolic status of patients. Empirical nutritional support is not applicable to patients.

From the Great State to the Great Beyond: A Case Study of How the Study Abroad Experience Prepares Accounting Students to Work in a Global Economy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pernsteiner, Aimee

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to understand the study abroad experience, as it relates to employment, from multiple perspectives in order to gain insight into how the study abroad experience prepares accounting students to work in a global economy. Studying abroad has been recognized at the national level as an important component to…

Emergency Department Involvement in Accountable Care Organizations in Massachusetts: A Survey Study.

PubMed

Ali, Nissa J; McWilliams, J Michael; Epstein, Stephen K; Smulowitz, Peter B

2017-11-01

We assess Massachusetts emergency department (ED) involvement and internal ED constructs within accountable care organization contracts. An online survey was distributed to 70 Massachusetts ED directors. Questions attempted to assess involvement of EDs in accountable care organizations and the structures in place in EDs-from departmental resources to physician incentives-to help achieve accountable care organization goals of decreasing spending and improving quality. Of responding ED directors, 79% reported alignment between the ED and an accountable care organization. Almost all ED groups (88%) reported bearing no financial risk as a result of the accountable care organization contracts in which their organizations participated. Major obstacles to meeting accountable care organization objectives included care coordination challenges (62%) and lack of familiarity with accountable care organization goals (58%). The most common cost-reduction strategies included ED case management (85%) and information technology (61%). Limitations of this study include that information was self-reported by ED directors, a focus limited to Massachusetts, and a survey response rate of 47%. The ED directors perceived that the majority of physicians were not familiar with accountable care organization goals, many challenges remain in coordinating care for patients in the ED, and most EDs have no financial incentives tied to accountable care organizations. EDs in Massachusetts have begun to implement strategies aimed at reducing admissions, utilization, and overall cost, but these strategies are not widespread apart from case management, even in a state with heavy accountable care organization penetration. Our results suggest that Massachusetts EDs still lack clear directives and direct involvement in meeting accountable care organization goals. Copyright © 2017 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A hybrid Bayesian hierarchical model combining cohort and case-control studies for meta-analysis of diagnostic tests: Accounting for partial verification bias.

PubMed

Ma, Xiaoye; Chen, Yong; Cole, Stephen R; Chu, Haitao

2016-12-01

To account for between-study heterogeneity in meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies, bivariate random effects models have been recommended to jointly model the sensitivities and specificities. As study design and population vary, the definition of disease status or severity could differ across studies. Consequently, sensitivity and specificity may be correlated with disease prevalence. To account for this dependence, a trivariate random effects model had been proposed. However, the proposed approach can only include cohort studies with information estimating study-specific disease prevalence. In addition, some diagnostic accuracy studies only select a subset of samples to be verified by the reference test. It is known that ignoring unverified subjects may lead to partial verification bias in the estimation of prevalence, sensitivities, and specificities in a single study. However, the impact of this bias on a meta-analysis has not been investigated. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid Bayesian hierarchical model combining cohort and case-control studies and correcting partial verification bias at the same time. We investigate the performance of the proposed methods through a set of simulation studies. Two case studies on assessing the diagnostic accuracy of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in detecting lymph node metastases and of adrenal fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in characterizing adrenal masses are presented. © The Author(s) 2014.

A Hybrid Bayesian Hierarchical Model Combining Cohort and Case-control Studies for Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Tests: Accounting for Partial Verification Bias

PubMed Central

Ma, Xiaoye; Chen, Yong; Cole, Stephen R.; Chu, Haitao

2014-01-01

To account for between-study heterogeneity in meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies, bivariate random effects models have been recommended to jointly model the sensitivities and specificities. As study design and population vary, the definition of disease status or severity could differ across studies. Consequently, sensitivity and specificity may be correlated with disease prevalence. To account for this dependence, a trivariate random effects model had been proposed. However, the proposed approach can only include cohort studies with information estimating study-specific disease prevalence. In addition, some diagnostic accuracy studies only select a subset of samples to be verified by the reference test. It is known that ignoring unverified subjects may lead to partial verification bias in the estimation of prevalence, sensitivities and specificities in a single study. However, the impact of this bias on a meta-analysis has not been investigated. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid Bayesian hierarchical model combining cohort and case-control studies and correcting partial verification bias at the same time. We investigate the performance of the proposed methods through a set of simulation studies. Two case studies on assessing the diagnostic accuracy of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in detecting lymph node metastases and of adrenal fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in characterizing adrenal masses are presented. PMID:24862512

[Analysis of reported infectious diarrhea (other than cholera, dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid) in China in 2011].

PubMed

Liu, Hai-xia; Zhang, Jing

2013-04-01

To analysis the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of the reported infectious diarrhea (other than cholera, dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid) cases in China in 2011. A total of 836 591 reported infectious diarrhea cases were collected from "China Information System for Disease Prevention and Control" since first week to fifty-second weeks in 2011, 59 929 out of which were laboratory-confirmed. The information of thirty public health emergencies relevant with infectious diarrhea was collected from "Emergency Public Reporting System" between first week and fifty-second weeks in 2011. The epidemiological characteristics of reported cases, confirmed cases and outbreaks, and the pathogenic spectrum of confirmed cases were then analyzed. In 2011, 836 591 infectious diarrhea cases (other than cholera, dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid) were reported, and the incidence rate was 62.39/100 000. More than half patients were children aged under 5 year-old, accounting for 52.13% (436 098/836 591) and the incidence rate was 447.06/100 000 (436 098 cases). Most of the ill children were scattered, accounting for 50.53% (422 752/836 591). Reported cases showed two incidence peaks, with a summer peak from twenty-third weeks to thirty-fifth weeks, accounting for 34.33% (287 231/836 591) and a winter peak from forty-third weeks to fifty-second weeks, accounting for 23.54% (196 939/836 591). Cases distributed all over China, the incidence in Beijing (253.00/100 000 (49 619 cases)), Tianjin (244.34/100 000 (31 614 cases)), Zhejiang (204.42/100 000 (111 257 cases)), Ningxia (132.16/100 000 (9328 cases)) and Guangdong (127.40/100 000 (132 880 cases)) ranked the top five. Among the 30 public health emergencies, 5 outbreaks had lab tested pathogenic results, including 4 were norovirus-induced. Laboratory-confirmed cases accounted for 7.16% (59 929/836 591) of the case reported, including 56 687 viral cases and 3242 bacterial cases. Rotavirus cases took the highest proportion of viral cases, at 97.35% (53 612/55 185); and 97.15% (53 612/55 185) of which were children aged under 5 year-old. 82.42% (45 480/55 185) of the cases distributed in Guangdong and Zhejiang province, with the incidence peak from fiftieth weeks to fifty-first weeks, accounting for 15.42% (8508/55 185) of the whole year cases. The main pathogens of bacterial diarrhea were Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Escherichia coli, accounting for 48.43% (1570/3242), 32.20% (1044/3242) and 8.57% (278/3242) respectively, with the incidence peak from thirty-first weeks to thirty-fifth weeks, accounting for 23.01% (746/3242). Salmonella infection patients were mainly from Shanghai, Guangdong and Zhejiang province (91.59% (1438/1570)), Vibrio parahaemolyticus patients were mainly from Shanghai (80.94% (845/1044)), and Escherichia coli patients were mainly from Guangdong province (84.17% (234/278)). Salmonella patients were concentrated in 0-9 years group, accounting for 42.36% (665/1570), while Vibrio parahaemolyticus patients in 20-39 years group, accounting for 81.99% (856/1044), and Escherichia coli patients in under 1 year old and 20-39 years group, accounting for 63.67% (177/278). In China, children aged under 5 year-old should be the priority population in surveillance of infectious diarrhea. Rotavirus is the main pathogen causing infectious diarrhea. The lab-testing and case-reporting capabilities differed greatly among areas.

Here Today Gone Tomorrow: Conceptualizing Instructional Leadership through Case Studies of Unsustained Initiatives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shulman, Vivian; Sullivan, Susan

2015-01-01

This study examines two case studies of failed leadership in school-based professional development. We describe the two initiatives and look to current leadership theories to help account for the events that occurred. The sociologist Bourdieu's concept of "habitus" offers an approach to understanding the relationship between individual…

Curriculum Change and Self-Governing Agreements: A Yukon First Nation Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewthwaite, Brian Ellis; Owen, Thomas; Doiron, Ashley

2015-01-01

Recent developments in Canada's Yukon Territory draw attention to how political changes have potential for accelerating practices in education that are responsive to Indigenous Peoples' cultural knowledge systems and practices. In this study, through the use of case study methodology, an account of the changes that have occurred in one First…

An Illustrative Case Study of the Heuristic Practices of a High-Performing Research Department: Toward Building a Model Applicable in the Context of Large Urban Districts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Munoz, Marco A.; Rodosky, Robert J.

2011-01-01

This case study provides an illustration of the heuristic practices of a high-performing research department, which in turn, will help build much needed models applicable in the context of large urban districts. This case study examines the accountability, planning, evaluation, testing, and research functions of a research department in a large…

Problem-Based Learning in Accounting

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dockter, DuWayne L.

2012-01-01

Seasoned educators use an assortment of student-centered methods and tools to enhance their student's learning environment. In respects to methodologies used in accounting, educators have utilized and created new forms of problem-based learning exercises, including case studies, simulations, and other projects, to help students become more active…

Accessing the Classroom Discourse Community through Accountable Talk: English Learners' Voices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ardasheva, Yuliya; Howell, Penny B.; Vidrio Magaña, Margarita

2016-01-01

This case study draws on Gee's (1989) "D/discourse theory" to investigate English learners' (ELs') perspectives regarding Accountable Talk (AT)--a structured, discourse-intensive instructional approach--after a yearlong implementation in three content-based (mathematics) middle school classrooms. Interviews with 21 ELs (3 Advanced…

Making Accounting Tutorials Enjoyable

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bargate, Karen

2018-01-01

This paper emanates from a case study which focussed on 15 Managerial Accounting and Financial Management (MAFM) students' "enjoyment" of learning MAFM in an 18-week Writing Intensive Tutorial (WIT) programme. Interactive Qualitative Analysis (IQA) was used for the research design and as a data analysis tool. Following IQA protocols…

7 CFR 1962.14 - Account and security information in UCC cases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Account and security information in UCC cases. 1962.14... Security § 1962.14 Account and security information in UCC cases. Within 2 weeks after receipt of a written... the information, it may be liable for any loss caused the borrower and, in some States, other parties...

7 CFR 1962.14 - Account and security information in UCC cases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Account and security information in UCC cases. 1962... Liquidation of Chattel Security § 1962.14 Account and security information in UCC cases. Within 2 weeks after... States, other parties, and also may lose some of its security rights. The UCC provides that the borrower...

7 CFR 1962.14 - Account and security information in UCC cases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Account and security information in UCC cases. 1962... Liquidation of Chattel Security § 1962.14 Account and security information in UCC cases. Within 2 weeks after... States, other parties, and also may lose some of its security rights. The UCC provides that the borrower...

7 CFR 1962.14 - Account and security information in UCC cases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Account and security information in UCC cases. 1962... Liquidation of Chattel Security § 1962.14 Account and security information in UCC cases. Within 2 weeks after... States, other parties, and also may lose some of its security rights. The UCC provides that the borrower...

7 CFR 1962.14 - Account and security information in UCC cases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Account and security information in UCC cases. 1962... Liquidation of Chattel Security § 1962.14 Account and security information in UCC cases. Within 2 weeks after... States, other parties, and also may lose some of its security rights. The UCC provides that the borrower...

Organic Process Technology Valuation: Cyclohexanone Oxime Syntheses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cannon, Kevin C.; Breen, Maureen P.

2010-01-01

Three contemporary processes for cyclohexanone oxime synthesis are evaluated in a case study. The case study introduces organic chemistry students to basic cost accounting to determine the most economical technology. Technical and financial aspects of these processes are evaluated with problem-based exercises that may be completed by students…

A New Lean Paradigm in Higher Education: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doman, Mark S.

2011-01-01

Purpose: This case study aims to demonstrate that lean principles and practices utilized in industry can be successfully applied to improve higher education administrative processes through an innovative and engaging learning experience involving undergraduate students. Design/methodology/approach: This is a first-hand account by the instructor of…

A Case Study: Leadership and Its Effect on Achievement of Children from Poverty in a Rural Setting

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horst, Marilyn Dishman; Martin, Barbara N.

2007-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceived effectiveness of leadership in a Missouri rural K-8 school with a high incidence of poverty that consistently met federal and state accountability mandates. The concepts of accountability as measured by student achievement, the unique educational needs of children from poverty, and the…

Understanding a Pakistani Science Teacher's Practice through a Life History Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Halai, Nelofer

2011-01-01

The purpose of the single case life history study was to understand a female science teacher's conceptions of the nature of science as explicit in her practice. While this paper highlights these understandings, an additional purpose is to give a detailed account of the process of creating a life history account through more than 13 in-depth…

Unusual localizations of unicameral bone cysts and aneurysmal bone cysts: A retrospective review of 451 cases.

PubMed

Aycan, Osman Emre; Çamurcu, İsmet Yalkın; Özer, Devrim; Arıkan, Yavuz; Kabukçuoğlu, Yavuz Selim

2015-06-01

Unicameral bone cysts (UBC) and aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are benign cystic lesions of bone which are easily diagnosed. However, unusual locations may lead to a false diagnosis. Therefore the aim of this retrospective study was to determine the frequency of unusual localizations. The authors studied 451 cases with histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of UBC or ABC, seen between 1981 and 2012. In the UBC group (352 cases) humerus, femur and calcaneus were found to be the most common sites, while acetabulum, scapula, scaphoid, lunatum, metacarpals, metatarsals, toe phalanges and ulna each accounted for less than 1%. In the ABC group (99 cases) the most common sites of involvement were femur, humerus and tibia, while finger phalanges, ilium, acetabulum, pubis, calcaneus, cuboid, and toe phalanges each accounted for only 1%. The differential diagnosis of cystic bone lesions should include both UBC and ABC. Pain complaints plead for the latter, except in case of fracture.

[A survey of emergency treatment of pesticides poisoning in comprehensive hospitals].

PubMed

Chen, Shu-Yang; Zhou, Jing; Li, Zhong-Jie; Wu, Yi-Qun

2004-10-01

To seek the characteristics of pesticide poisoning in emergency departments. Twenty-five hospitals were selected. Among them, they were 14 province or city level and 11 county level. The object of study was the patients with pesticide poisoning who were first visit to a doctor (including transfer to the above emergency departments of hospitals) from July 1, 2001 to June 30, 2002. There were 2 261 cases of pesticide poisoning that ranked third place of total acute poisoning cases at the same period. Gender ratio was 1 male to 1.47 female. Among 1 618 patients who first visited to emergency departments (excluding transfer), 43.9% were by emergency ambulance. 68.3% of total cases were caused by intentional exposure to pesticides, of which female accounted for 75.8%. Young people aged 15 to approximately 34 years accounted for 47.5% of all cases. Children (0 to approximately 14 years) also had relatively high pesticide poisoning rates, particularly an accident pesticide poisoning for 1- to approximately 4-year-old children accounted for 65.9% of total acute poisoning in the age group. 98.2% of all cases needed urgent medical treatment, and 52.4% were hospitalized. The leading occupation of patients was farmers followed by housekeepers, students and preschoolers. Insecticides poisoning accounted for 60.1% of all pesticides. The fatality rate in emergency department was 3.9%. 60.8% case was collected from county hospital. Pesticide poisoning rank first place of total acute poisoning cases in county hospital. A safety education of Knowledge Attitude Practice (KAP) is an effective measure for preventing pesticide poisoning.

Case-control geographic clustering for residential histories accounting for risk factors and covariates.

PubMed

Jacquez, Geoffrey M; Meliker, Jaymie R; Avruskin, Gillian A; Goovaerts, Pierre; Kaufmann, Andy; Wilson, Mark L; Nriagu, Jerome

2006-08-03

Methods for analyzing space-time variation in risk in case-control studies typically ignore residential mobility. We develop an approach for analyzing case-control data for mobile individuals and apply it to study bladder cancer in 11 counties in southeastern Michigan. At this time data collection is incomplete and no inferences should be drawn - we analyze these data to demonstrate the novel methods. Global, local and focused clustering of residential histories for 219 cases and 437 controls is quantified using time-dependent nearest neighbor relationships. Business address histories for 268 industries that release known or suspected bladder cancer carcinogens are analyzed. A logistic model accounting for smoking, gender, age, race and education specifies the probability of being a case, and is incorporated into the cluster randomization procedures. Sensitivity of clustering to definition of the proximity metric is assessed for 1 to 75 k nearest neighbors. Global clustering is partly explained by the covariates but remains statistically significant at 12 of the 14 levels of k considered. After accounting for the covariates 26 Local clusters are found in Lapeer, Ingham, Oakland and Jackson counties, with the clusters in Ingham and Oakland counties appearing in 1950 and persisting to the present. Statistically significant focused clusters are found about the business address histories of 22 industries located in Oakland (19 clusters), Ingham (2) and Jackson (1) counties. Clusters in central and southeastern Oakland County appear in the 1930's and persist to the present day. These methods provide a systematic approach for evaluating a series of increasingly realistic alternative hypotheses regarding the sources of excess risk. So long as selection of cases and controls is population-based and not geographically biased, these tools can provide insights into geographic risk factors that were not specifically assessed in the case-control study design.

Implementing Outcomes Based Accountability in Children's Services. Case Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bergeron, Caroline; Chamberlain, Tamsin; George, Nalia; Golden, Sarah; Mundy, Ellie; Southcott, Clare; Walker, Fiona

2010-01-01

Outcomes Based Accountability (OBA) is an approach that Children's Trusts and Children's Services can use to assist with planning services and assessing their performance. The OBA approach focuses on outcomes that are desired and monitoring and evidencing progress towards those desired outcomes. OBA makes a distinction between two types of…

The Role of Politics and Governance in Educational Accountability Systems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brewer, Dominic J.; Killeen, Kieran M.; Welsh, Richard O.

2013-01-01

This brief utilizes case study methodology to illustrate the role of governance in educational accountability systems. Most research on the effectiveness of such systems has focused on technical components, such as standards-setting, assessments, rewards and sanctions, and data collection and reporting. This brief seeks to demonstrate that this…

Infusing Two Models of Evaluation into a Military Environment: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aaberg, Wayne; Thompson, Carla J.

2012-01-01

Determining the worth and effectiveness of training used within a military environment is the same accountability responsibility that educational organizations, businesses, and social agencies are charged with for improving programs and services to society. The need for accountability implies the process of evaluation, particularly in governmental…

Challenges Facing Professional Accounting Education in a Commercialised Education Sector

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yap, Christine; Ryan, Suzanne; Yong, Jackie

2014-01-01

Aligning curricula and assessment with the skills required by employers and, more recently, government standards is easier said than done. Through detailing a case study in failure to incorporate required graduate attributes into a postgraduate accounting programme, we explore the tensions among competing interests within Australian universities…

Responding to Accountability Requirements while Promoting Program Improvement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guillen-Woods, Blanca Flor; Kaiser, Monica A.; Harrington, Maura J.

2008-01-01

The impact of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) is usually understood in relation to schools and districts, but the legislation has also affected community-based organizations that operate school-linked programs. This case study of an after-school program in California demonstrates how educational accountability systems that emphasize students' academic…

Harnessing Technology for School Accountability: A Case Study of Implementing a Management Information System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Enomoto, Ernestine K.; Conley, Sharon

2007-01-01

Schools employ educational technology to comply with pressures for greater accountability and efficiency in conducting operations. Specifically, schools use "management information systems" designed to automate data collection of student attendance, grades, test scores, and so on. These management information systems (MIS) employed…

Professional Accountability in a Learning-Centered Elementary School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Macdonald, Maritza B.; Snyder, Jon

Findings of a case study that examined professional accountability in an elementary classroom are presented in this paper. Classroom observation, document analysis, and postobservation conferences were used to examine the practices and beliefs of one female teacher of second and third graders at a multicultural public elementary school in New York…

Planning and Implementing Shared Teaching: An MBA Team-Teaching Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Helms, Marilyn M.; Alvis, John M.; Willis, Marilyn

2005-01-01

Team teaching is a popular trend in business education. In an attempt to integrate seemingly disparate functional disciplines, a number of business programs have combined courses. Regardless of the courses combined (marketing and finance, management and accounting, economics and strategy, or production and cost accounting), the teaching pedagogy…

The Disproportionate Erosion of Local Control: Urban School Boards, High-Stakes Accountability, and Democracy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trujillo, Tina M.

2013-01-01

This case study of an urban school board's experiences under high-stakes accountability demonstrates how the district leaders eschewed democratic governance processes in favor of autocratic behaviors. They possessed narrowly defined goals for teaching and learning that emphasized competitive, individualized means of achievement. Their decision…

Principals and Teachers "Craft Coherence" among Accountability Policies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stosich, Elizabeth Leisy

2018-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine how US school leaders and teachers make sense of multiple accountability policies, including the Common Core State Standards and teacher evaluation, and how this process relates to school priorities and classroom practice. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a comparative case study…

Feet and syllables in elephants and missiles: a reappraisal.

PubMed

Zonneveld, Wim; van der Pas, Brigit; de Bree, Elise

2007-01-01

Using data from a case study presented in Chiat (1989), Marshall and Chiat (2003) compare two different approaches to account for the realization of intervocalic consonants in child phonology: "coda capture theory" and the "foot domain account". They argue in favour of the latter account. In this note, we present a reappraisal of this argument using the same data. We conclude that acceptance of the foot domain account, in the specific way developed by the authors, is unmotivated for both theoretical and empirical reasons. We maintain that syllable-based coda capture is (still) the better approach to account for the relevant facts.

The impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) service scale-up on mechanisms of accountability in Zambian primary health centres: a case-based health systems analysis.

PubMed

Topp, Stephanie M; Black, Jim; Morrow, Martha; Chipukuma, Julien M; Van Damme, Wim

2015-02-18

Questions about the impact of large donor-funded HIV interventions on low- and middle-income countries' health systems have been the subject of a number of expert commentaries, but comparatively few empirical research studies. Aimed at addressing a particular evidence gap vis-à-vis the influence of HIV service scale-up on micro-level health systems, this article examines the impact of HIV scale-up on mechanisms of accountability in Zambian primary health facilities. Guided by the Mechanisms of Effect framework and Brinkerhoff's work on accountability, we conducted an in-depth multi-case study to examine how HIV services influenced mechanisms of administrative and social accountability in four Zambian primary health centres. Sites were selected for established (over 3 yrs) antiretroviral therapy (ART) services and urban, peri-urban and rural characteristics. Case data included provider interviews (60); patient interviews (180); direct observation of facility operations (2 wks/centre) and key informant interviews (14). Resource-intensive investment in HIV services contributed to some early gains in administrative answerability within the four ART departments, helping to establish the material capabilities necessary to deliver and monitor service delivery. Simultaneous investment in external supervision and professional development helped to promote transparency around individual and team performance and also strengthened positive work norms in the ART departments. In the wider health centres, however, mechanisms of administrative accountability remained weak, hindered by poor data collection and under capacitated leadership. Substantive gains in social accountability were also elusive as HIV scale-up did little to address deeply rooted information and power asymmetries in the wider facilities. Short terms gains in primary-level service accountability may arise from investment in health system hardware. However, sustained improvements in service quality and responsiveness arising from genuine improvements in social and administrative accountability require greater understanding of, and investment in changing, the power relations, work norms, leadership and disciplinary mechanisms that shape these micro-level health systems.

The Faithless Employee: A Case Involving the Legal and Accounting Issues Associated with Employee Theft of Company Funds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gruber, Robert; Molloy, James

2005-01-01

This case explores the areas of public accounting/auditing and business law as they relate to the conduct of an employee who intentionally and unlawfully obtains, and, negotiates for his own benefit, his employer's negotiable instruments (checks). In particular, this case involves an accountant who unlawfully acquired negotiable instruments,…

Admiral Furman Academy: A Case Study in Selected Not-for-Profit Auditing Issues

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grippo, Frank J.; Nassiripour, Sia

2009-01-01

The purpose of this case is to help students explore accounting and auditing issues often confronted by auditors of not-for-profit organizations. Given final financial statements, the goal of the case is to require students to prepare the footnotes that would be considered an integral part of the financial statements. The case is intended for…

Affirmative School Integration: Efforts to Overcome De Facto Segregation in Urban Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, Roscoe, Ed.; Feeley, Malcolm, Ed.

This book contains abbreviated accounts of eight community case studies and various reviews of a cluster of recent studies relating to race and education. The foreword discusses three phases of school integration, and the introductory chapter relates law, violence, and civil rights. The eight case studies on Evanston, Berkeley, New Haven,…

Underachievement in Gifted Students: A Case Study of Three College Physics Students in Taiwan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tsai, Kuei-Fang; Fu, Guopeng

2016-01-01

This case study provides an explanatory account on the underachievement of three gifted students studying physics in a Taiwanese university. The students' physics underachievement was diagnosed by Sato's student-problem analysis chart. These students were invited to complete a questionnaire and a follow-up interview in order to (1) understand the…

A Case Study of Group Processes and Student Evaluation of Teaching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mortenson, Kristian G.; Sathe, Richard S.

2017-01-01

This paper documents a case study undertaken to understand the effect of group processes on student evaluation of teaching (SET). The study used interviews to investigate the experiences of students in a cohort model Master of Science in Accountancy degree program and how those experiences influenced SET. The cohort served as an extreme example in…

A City Goes to War: A Case Study of Bridgeport, Connecticut, 1914-1917.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Banit, Thomas

1989-01-01

Presents a case study used for teaching about World War I. Describes Bridgeport, Connecticut, during the period 1914-17. Includes maps, ethnographic data, and primary materials, such as newspaper accounts and speeches by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson. Provides learning objectives, study questions, and a glossary. Discusses the impact of the war on…

Home-Town Values and High Accountability: A Texas Recipe for Districtwide Success in an Urban School District

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Skrla, Linda; McKenzie, Kathryn Bell; Scheurich, James Joseph; Dickerson, Kimberly L.

2011-01-01

This article reports the findings from a case study of urban school district effectiveness taken from a larger, multistate study. The case study district, Galena Park Independent School District in Galena Park, Texas, was chosen for inclusion in the study based on quantitative analysis of student achievement data in Texas. An education production…

Public accountability needs to be enforced -a case study of the governance arrangements and accountability practices in a rural health district in Ghana.

PubMed

Van Belle, Sara; Mayhew, Susannah H

2016-10-12

Improving public accountability is currently high on the global agenda. At the same time, the organisation of health services in low- and middle-income countries is taking place in fragmented institutional landscapes. State and non-state actors are involved in increasingly complex governance arrangements. This often leads to coordination problems, confusion of roles and responsibilities and possibly accountability gaps. This study aimed at assessing the governance arrangements and the accountability practices of key health actors at the level of a Ghanaian health district with the aim to understand how far public accountability is achieved. We adopted the case study design as it allows for in-depth analysis of the governance arrangements and accountability relations between actors, their formal policies and actual accountability practices towards the public and towards stakeholders. Data were collected at a rural health district using in-depth interviews, observation and document review. In the analysis, we used a four-step sequence: identification of the key actors and their relationships, description of the multi-level governance arrangements, identification of the actual accountability relations and practices between all actors and finally appraisal of the public accountability practices, which we define as those practices that ensure direct accountability towards the public. In this rural health district with few (international) non-governmental organisations and private sector providers, accountability linkages towards management and partners in health programmes were found to be strong. Direct accountability towards the public, however, was woefully underdeveloped. This study shows that in settings where there is a small number of actors involved in organising health care, and where the state actors are underfunded, the intense interaction can lead to a web of relations that favours collaboration between partners in health service delivery, but fails public accountability. It is clear that new formal channels need to be created by all actors involved in health service delivery to address the demand of the public for accountability. If the public does not find an adequate response to its genuine concerns, distrust between communities and service users on one hand, and providers, international non-governmental organisations and District Health Management Teams on the other is likely to increase to the detriment of all parties' interests.

Estimate of the prevalence and burden of food poisoning by natural toxic compounds in South Korea.

PubMed

Park, Myoung Su; Bahk, Gyung Jin

2015-12-01

Many studies have attempted to accurately estimate the overall number of cases of foodborne illness, but there have not been many attempts to estimate the burden of foodborne disease caused by natural toxic compounds. This study estimated the number of cases due to specific natural toxins (seafood toxins, plant toxins, and mycotoxins) during 2008-2012 in South Korea, using data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA), while accounting for uncertainty in the estimate. The estimated annual occurrences of foodborne illness from natural toxic agents were 1088 (90% credible interval [CrI]: 883-1315), which suggests there are 21 times more cases than are reported, with 45.6% (n=496 [388-614]) and 54.4% (n=592 [423-790]), accounting for inpatient stays and outpatient visits, respectively. Among toxins, mushroom and plant toxins caused the highest illnesses, followed by toxic agents in seafood and mycotoxins. The 55-59year olds had the highest proportion of illnesses and those over the age of 40 accounted for 70.6% of all cases. The cases caused by mushroom poison, poisonous plants, and seafood toxins showed clear seasonal and regional differences. These results will be useful to food safety policymakers for the prevention and control of natural food poisons in South Korea. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A case of conflicting norms? Mobilizing and accountability information in newspaper coverage of the autism-vaccine controversy.

PubMed

Clarke, Christopher E

2011-09-01

When reporting health risks, the news media are often criticized for omitting "mobilizing" information that allows readers to act on existing attitudes. Using American and British newspaper coverage of the autism-vaccine controversy as a case study, this article takes a "behind the scenes" look at normative pressures that may influence whether such information appears in coverage. In particular, can holding health officials accountable for their actions potentially "crowd out" mobilizing information? A content analysis suggests that mobilizing information (at least one of four examples) was present in only 16% of articles, compared to 38% that mentioned accountability messages (at least one of two examples). US newspapers were significantly more likely to mention at least one mobilization example. Finally, although only 11% discussed both, articles were more likely to discuss certain mobilizing and accountability examples together. Implications for journalism ethics and vaccine risk communication are discussed.

Fatal injuries in the slums of Nairobi and their risk factors: results from a matched case-control study.

PubMed

Ziraba, Abdhalah Kasiira; Kyobutungi, Catherine; Zulu, Eliya Msiyaphazi

2011-06-01

Injuries contribute significantly to the rising morbidity and mortality attributable to non-communicable diseases in the developing world. Unfortunately, active injury surveillance is lacking in many developing countries, including Kenya. This study aims to describe and identify causes of and risk factors for fatal injuries in two slums in Nairobi city using a demographic surveillance system framework. The causes of death are determined using verbal autopsies. We used a nested case-control study design with all deaths from injuries between 2003 and 2005 as cases. Two controls were randomly selected from the non-injury deaths over the same period and individually matched to each case on age and sex. We used conditional logistic regression modeling to identity individual- and community-level factors associated with fatal injuries. Intentional injuries accounted for about 51% and unintentional injuries accounted for 49% of all injuries. Homicides accounted for 91% of intentional injuries and 47% of all injury-related deaths. Firearms (23%) and road traffic crashes (22%) were the leading single causes of deaths due to injuries. About 15% of injuries were due to substance intoxication, particularly alcohol, which in this community comes from illicit brews and is at times contaminated with methanol. Results suggest that in the pervasively unsafe and insecure environment that characterizes the urban slums, ethnicity, residence, and area level factors contribute significantly to the risk of injury-related mortality.

Practice and Policy to Enhance Student Induction and Transition: A Case Study of Institution-Wide Change

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alsford, Sally; Rose, Christine

2014-01-01

This case study gives an analytical account of institutional development in induction provision. Driven by student experience concerns, a London post-1992 University set up an "enhanced induction project" to provide a more integrated, personalised approach through more coordinated processes. In a large, diverse context, university-wide…

Situated Teacher Quality: A Case Study of an Experienced Elementary School Teacher

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kolman, Joni S.

2017-01-01

This case study examines how an experienced teacher's practice and pedagogy differs across two high-accountability urban charter schools in the United States of America (USA). Drawing on semi-structured interviews and participant observations, the findings describe variances in Rebecca's planning, use of classroom time, and curriculum flexibility,…

Science Education and Sustainability: A Case-Study in Discussion-Based Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gayford, Chris

1995-01-01

Explores links between science education and current developments in environmental education that take account of the concept of sustainability and the impact of local action on global issues. Uses the greenhouse effect as a case-study example with 16-year-old students. Reports that students learned more effectively using a discussion-based…

A Case Study Framework for Community College Leaders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nevarez, Carlos; Wood, J. Luke

2012-01-01

This article examines a case study framework designed to aid in the preparation of emerging community college leaders. The framework is multidimensional and fluid in nature, taking into account the multiplicity of factors affecting leadership in community colleges. The steps in the framework consist of (a) assuming the role of the leader; (b)…

The Role of Context in Online Gaming Excess and Addiction: Some Case Study Evidence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Griffiths, Mark D.

2010-01-01

Research into online gaming addiction is a relatively new area of psychological study. Furthermore, there are studies that have claimed that online gaming addiction may be addictive because of self-report accounts of very excessive use of up to 80 h a week. This study uses data from two case studies to highlight the role of context in…

Reflection of a therapeutic touch experience: case study 2.

PubMed

Green, C A

1998-02-01

The purpose of this case study was to explore the experience of both giving and receiving Therapeutic Touch. A subjective account of the Therapeutic Touch experience is given in an attempt to throw light on its unique creative and therapeutic qualities. In most instances it was shown that the experience of both giving and receiving Therapeutic Touch was a parallel experience. This case study explores the effects of Therapeutic Touch on a client experiencing pain and associated anxiety. Whilst a response to treatment was observed, the need for further case studies and research studies in this area was identified.

The effect of case mix and quality on cost differences between hospital-based and freestanding nursing homes.

PubMed

Schlenker, R; Shaughnessy, P; Yslas, I

1983-01-01

The considerably higher cost per patient day in hospital-based compared with freestanding nursing homes is well known. In this study, data from a random sample of 1,843 patients from 78 freestanding and hospital-based nursing homes in Colorado were used to explore the extent to which this higher cost can be explained by differences in case mix and quality of care. These differences were found to be associated with approximately 40% of the difference in cost, with case mix accounting for the majority of this effect. Although these findings are based on data from one state, they strongly suggest that Medicare and Medicaid nursing home policies should take case mix into account in reimbursing hospital-based and freestanding nursing homes.

[Studies on anaerobic infection in oro-maxillary region--rapid diagnosis by gas-liquid chromatography and antibiotic susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria].

PubMed

Tanaka, J I

1989-08-01

Subject material for this study was pus collected from patients with purulent inflammation in the oro-maxillary region. Direct gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis was made, bacterial isolation and identification were carried out, and comparisons were made with results from GLC analysis and anaerobic isolates in a PYG medium. In addition, antibiotic susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria were examined. Results 1. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 85 of 100 cases of obstructive abscesses. Of the 85, 49 were cases of mixed infection involving both anaerobic and aerobic bacteria; and 64 cases were involved with more than 2 species of anaerobic bacteria. Of the 184 strains of anaerobic isolates, 53 were Bacteroides sp. and 51 were Peptostreptococcus sp. The 2 groups accounted for more than half of the isolates. 2. Group A, in which no VFA was detected, accounted for 17 out of 100 cases. Group B, in which acetic acid was detected, accounted for 20 cases; and Group C, in which butyric acid was detected, accounted for 20 cases; and Group D, in which iso-valeric acid was detected, accounted for 8 cases. Direct GLC analysis revealed iso-caproic and caproic acids in the 35 cases constituting Group E. 3. Whereas the percentage of anaerobic bacteria was 64.7% in Group A and 60% in Group B, significantly higher percentages were noted in Group C (95%), Group D (100%) and Group E (100%). The following species were isolated as major member in the groups; Group A--Streptococcus intermedius, Group B--Peptostreptococcus micros, Group C--Fusobacterium nucleatum, Group D--Bacteroides gingivalis, and Group E--Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. 4. In all cases, the sum of VFA produced in the PYG medium by anaerobic isolates was classified into Group A' to E'. Ratios of agreement between VFA as revealed by direct GLC and VFA as revealed by PYG.GLC were as follows: Group A-A'; 47.1%, Group B-B' and C-C'; 45%, Group D-D'; 87.5%, and Group E-E'; 62.9%. 5. In Group B, no propionic acid was detected. The 2 cases in which acetic acid occurred in a concentration greater than 14 x 10(-4) meq/ml belonged to Group B'. In Group C, no isobutyric acid was detected; and the 5 cases in which butyric acid was detected in a concentration of more than 7 x 10(-4) meq/ml belonged to Group C'. Varelic acid was not detected in Group D; and 7 out of the 8 cases in which iso-valeric acid, irrespective of concentration, was detected belonged to Group D'.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Longitudinal associations between different dementia diagnoses and medication use jointly accounting for dropout.

PubMed

Agogo, George O; Ramsey, Christine M; Gnjidic, Danijela; Moga, Daniela C; Allore, Heather

2018-04-18

ABSTRACTBackground:Longitudinal studies of older adults are characterized by high dropout rates, multimorbid conditions, and multiple medication use, especially proximal to death. We studied the association between multiple medication use and incident dementia diagnoses including Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), and Lewy-body dementia (LBD), simultaneously accounting for dropout. Using the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center data with three years of follow-up, a set of covariate-adjusted models that ignore dropout was fit to complete-case data, and to the whole-cohort data. Additionally, covariate-adjusted joint models with shared random effects accounting for dropout were fit to the whole-cohort data. Multiple medication use was defined as polypharmacy (⩾ five medications), hyperpolypharmacy (⩾ ten medications), and total number of medications. Incident diagnoses were 2,032 for AD, 135 for VD, and 139 for LBD. Percentages of dropout at the end of follow-up were as follows: 71.8% for AD, 81.5% for VD, and 77.7% for LBD. The odds ratio (OR) estimate for hyperpolypharmacy among those with LBD versus AD was 2.19 (0.78, 6.15) when estimated using complete-case data and 3.00 (1.66, 5.40) using whole-cohort data. The OR reduced to 1.41 (0.76, 2.64) when estimated from the joint model accounting for dropout. The OR for polypharmacy using complete-case data differed from the estimates using whole-cohort data. The OR for dementia diagnoses on total number of medications was similar, but non-significant when estimated using complete-case data. Reasons for dropout should be investigated and appropriate statistical methods should be applied to reduce bias in longitudinal studies among high-risk dementia cohorts.

Description of two waterborne disease outbreaks in France: a comparative study with data from cohort studies and from health administrative databases.

PubMed

Mouly, D; Van Cauteren, D; Vincent, N; Vaissiere, E; Beaudeau, P; Ducrot, C; Gallay, A

2016-02-01

Waterborne disease outbreaks (WBDO) of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) are a public health concern in France. Their occurrence is probably underestimated due to the lack of a specific surveillance system. The French health insurance database provides an interesting opportunity to improve the detection of these events. A specific algorithm to identify AGI cases from drug payment reimbursement data in the health insurance database has been previously developed. The purpose of our comparative study was to retrospectively assess the ability of the health insurance data to describe WBDO. Data from the health insurance database was compared with the data from cohort studies conducted in two WBDO in 2010 and 2012. The temporal distribution of cases, the day of the peak and the duration of the epidemic, as measured using the health insurance data, were similar to the data from one of the two cohort studies. However, health insurance data accounted for 54 cases compared to the estimated 252 cases accounted for in the cohort study. The accuracy of using health insurance data to describe WBDO depends on the medical consultation rate in the impacted population. As this is never the case, data analysis underestimates the total number of AGI cases. However this data source can be considered for the development of a detection system of a WBDO in France, given its ability to describe an epidemic signal.

Quest for Accountability: Exploring the Evaluation Process of Universities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Minelli, Eliana; Rebora, Gianfranco; Turri, Matteo

2015-01-01

The article explores the organisational impact of evaluation and control mechanisms on universities from the point of view of accountability. Three case studies are analysed with the aim of understanding the significance of these systems both at corporate governance level and in relation to their influence on the behaviour of the academic staff.…

The Contradictions of High-Stakes Accountability "Success": A Case Study of Focused Leadership and Performance Agency

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Black, William R.

2008-01-01

This article seeks to advance the discussion of the availability of contemporary notions of school leadership for school leaders working within high-stakes accountability reform environment that produce discourses of urgency and legitimize practices of performance that implicitly favour centralized, neo-Tayloristic managerial approaches. Drawing…

Educating Professionals--Perceptions of the Research--Teaching Nexus in Accounting: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lubbe, Ilse

2015-01-01

The teaching-research "nexus" has been an area of historic and ongoing controversy within universities and discussions into the nexus between teaching and research continues to expand. Within the accounting discipline, where new knowledge is perceived to be located "outside" the university, academics struggle to describe and…

The Contribution of Individual Learning Accounts to the Lifelong Learning Policies of the UK Government: A Case-Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Payne, John

2000-01-01

A survey of 765 adult learners who funded education through the British government's Individual Learning Accounts showed the program brought in new lifelong learning participants, encouraged more demanding learning, and increased participation of underrepresented groups. Advice and guidance played an important role. (SK)

The Effect of Stakes on Accountability Test Scores and Pass Rates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Steedle, Jeffrey T.; Grochowalski, Joseph

2017-01-01

Students may not fully demonstrate their knowledge and skills on accountability tests if there are no stakes attached to individual performance. In that case, assessment results may not accurately reflect student achievement, so the validity of score interpretations and uses suffers. For this study, matched samples of students taking state…

The Disparity of Principal Accountability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, M. Kathryn

2013-01-01

This study begins with a review of court cases that have helped shape public education in America. Following the review is an analysis of federal reform in education from 1965 to the present, paired with educational leadership literature to highlight a disparity in what federal mandates and state policies have in place for accountability measures.…

Peri-operative deaths in Singapore: a forensic perspective in a study of 132 cases.

PubMed

Lau, G

1994-05-01

A study of 132, largely non-traumatic, peri-operative deaths out of 6605 Coroner's autopsies, conducted over a three-year period from 1989 to 1991, showed a preponderance of males (M:F ratio = 1.36), with almost half (46.3%) being middle-aged subjects between 40 to 59 years, while infants (< one year old) made up about a tenth of the cases. A total of 51 cases (38.6%) were related to cardiothoracic surgery, which also accounted for the majority of deaths that had occurred intra-operatively (11/21 or 8.3% in all) and within the first postoperative day (16/36 or 12.1% in all). The vast majority of cases (81.8%) were pathologically natural deaths, with 15.2% attributable to complications or mishaps of surgery and invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. There were three anaesthetic deaths which accounted for 2.3% of the cases. Out of 124 completed Coroner's inquiries as at the end of June 1993, verdicts of death from natural causes were recorded in 110 (83.3%) cases. General surgery accounted for the highest proportion of unnatural deaths (6.1%), which was twice that for cardiothoracic surgery (3.0%). While there was close agreement between a finding of a pathologically natural death and a similar Coroner's verdict (107/110 or 97.3%), only a total of ten out of 23 pathologically unnatural deaths received verdicts of misadventure at the time of writing. Although a verdict of misadventure usually pertained to an iatrogenic death, this was not invariably the case. Thus far, no findings of medical negligence was made in any of the Coroner's inquiries into these cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Social Accountable Medical Education: A concept analysis.

PubMed

Abdolmaleki, Mohammadreza; Yazdani, Shahram; Momeni, Sedigheh; Momtazmanesh, Nader

2017-07-01

Considering the pervasiveness of social accountable medical education concept around the world and the growing trend of literature in this regard as well as various interpretations made about this concept, we found it necessary to analyze the concept of social accountable medical education. In this study, the modified version of McKenna's approach to concept analysis was used to determine the concept, explain structures and substructures and determine the border concepts neighboring and against social accountability in medical education. By studying the selected sources,the components of the concept were obtained to identify it and express an analytic definition of social accountability in medical education system. Then, a model case with all attributes of the given concept and the contrary and related concepts were mentioned to determine the boundary between the main concept and auxiliary ones. According to the results of this study in the field of social accountability, the detailed and transparent analytical definition of social accountable medical education can be used in future studies as well as the function and evaluation of medical education system.

Social Accountable Medical Education: A concept analysis

PubMed Central

ABDOLMALEKI, MOHAMMADREZA; YAZDANI, SHAHRAM; MOMENI, SEDIGHEH; MOMTAZMANESH, NADER

2017-01-01

Introduction: Considering the pervasiveness of social accountable medical education concept around the world and the growing trend of literature in this regard as well as various interpretations made about this concept, we found it necessary to analyze the concept of social accountable medical education. Methods: In this study, the modified version of McKenna’s approach to concept analysis was used to determine the concept, explain structures and substructures and determine the border concepts neighboring and against social accountability in medical education. Results: By studying the selected sources,the components of the concept were obtained to identify it and express an analytic definition of social accountability in medical education system. Then, a model case with all attributes of the given concept and the contrary and related concepts were mentioned to determine the boundary between the main concept and auxiliary ones. Conclusion: According to the results of this study in the field of social accountability, the detailed and transparent analytical definition of social accountable medical education can be used in future studies as well as the function and evaluation of medical education system. PMID:28761884

Motor vehicle-related burns: a review of 107 cases.

PubMed

Papaevangelou, J; Batchelor, J S; Roberts, A H

1995-02-01

Motor vehicles are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Burn injuries sustained from motor vehicles form a small but important subgroup. The authors have reviewed the case notes of 107 patients with motor vehicle-related burns over a 13-year period. The age ranged from 18 months to 65 years and the male to female ratio was 4:1. The mechanisms of injury were variable, although four major categories could be identified. These accounted for 83 per cent of the cases. Car fires following road traffic accidents was the largest group accounting for 48.5 per cent of cases. The remaining three groups were: motorcycle-related burns following road traffic accidents (6.5 per cent of cases), garage fire-related burns (15 per cent of cases) and car radiator-related burns (13 per cent of cases). Garage fire-related burns had the highest mortality of the four groups (25 per cent). This study demonstrated that garage fire burns are an important subgroup of motor vehicle-related burns.

Kathy: A Case of Innovative Mathematics Teaching in a Multicultural Classroom. Teaching Cases in Cross-Cultural Education Series, No. 9.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDiarmid, G. Williamson; Kleinfeld, Judith, Ed.

Teaching cases have been utilized in professional training and can offer dramatic accounts of problems teachers may confront in the classroom. This case study examines a fact-based story of a third-grade teacher's confrontation with the mother of an African-American child who disagrees with the innovative approach utilized in her child's…

Lesjes van de Nederlanders: Little Lessons from the Dutch to Promote Educational Quality. AIR 1995 Annual Forum Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Palmer, Barbara H.

This study explored quality assessment and accountability in Dutch university education using a case study approach. The Dutch national system of quality assurance is described, and developments since the mid-1980s are traced. The university case studies illustrate models which are being employed to implement the quality assurance system including…

Case mix management in context.

PubMed

King, H

1988-02-01

The advent of DRGs has demanded that hospitals account for all costs and resources. A case mix management system must take into consideration every component of a total managerial accounting strategy. This article discusses the factors healthcare institutions need to address to achieve a completely interfaced accounting system.

A Real-Life Case Study of Audit Interactions--Resolving Messy, Complex Problems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beattie, Vivien; Fearnley, Stella; Hines, Tony

2012-01-01

Real-life accounting and auditing problems are often complex and messy, requiring the synthesis of technical knowledge in addition to the application of generic skills. To help students acquire the necessary skills to deal with these problems effectively, educators have called for the use of case-based methods. Cases based on real situations (such…

Epidemiology and risk factors of voluntary pesticide poisoning in Morocco (2008-2014).

PubMed

Nabih, Zineb; Amiar, Latifa; Abidli, Zakaria; Windy, Maria; Soulaymani, Abdelmajid; Mokhtari, Abdelrhani; Soulaymani-Bencheikh, Rachida

2017-01-01

To determine the epidemiological profile and risk factors of voluntary poisoning by pesticides. A retrospective analysis was conducted of all cases of voluntary poisoning by pesticides registered at the AntiPoison and Pharmacovigilance Center of Morocco between January 2008 and December 2014. During the study period, 2,690 cases of acute pesticide poisoning were registered. The region of Rabat-Salé-Zemmour-Zaer accounted for the largest proportion, with 598 cases. The average age of the patients was 24.63±10.29 years. The sex ratio (female-to-male) was 0.45. Adults and teenagers were most affected by this type of poisoning, with 1,667 cases (62.0%) and 806 cases (30.0%), respectively. Suicide attempts accounted for 98.4% of the cases (2,469 cases). Pesticide poisoning occurred more often in urban zones (64.8%). Insecticides were incriminated in 14.0% of cases, with a mortality rate of 4.2%. Among the 1,635 patients for whom the outcomes were known, 154 died, corresponding to a mortality rate of 5.7%. Voluntary intoxication by pesticides presents a real scourge that affects public health, and in this study, we developed an epidemiological profile of this phenomenon. Nevertheless, this study has limitations in that it did not evaluate the impact of the socioeconomic and psychological factors that are important contributors to this type of poisoning.

Epidemiology and risk factors of voluntary pesticide poisoning in Morocco (2008-2014)

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

OBJECTIVES To determine the epidemiological profile and risk factors of voluntary poisoning by pesticides. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted of all cases of voluntary poisoning by pesticides registered at the AntiPoison and Pharmacovigilance Center of Morocco between January 2008 and December 2014. RESULTS During the study period, 2,690 cases of acute pesticide poisoning were registered. The region of Rabat-Salé-Zemmour-Zaer accounted for the largest proportion, with 598 cases. The average age of the patients was 24.63±10.29 years. The sex ratio (female-to-male) was 0.45. Adults and teenagers were most affected by this type of poisoning, with 1,667 cases (62.0%) and 806 cases (30.0%), respectively. Suicide attempts accounted for 98.4% of the cases (2,469 cases). Pesticide poisoning occurred more often in urban zones (64.8%). Insecticides were incriminated in 14.0% of cases, with a mortality rate of 4.2%. Among the 1,635 patients for whom the outcomes were known, 154 died, corresponding to a mortality rate of 5.7%. CONCLUSIONS Voluntary intoxication by pesticides presents a real scourge that affects public health, and in this study, we developed an epidemiological profile of this phenomenon. Nevertheless, this study has limitations in that it did not evaluate the impact of the socioeconomic and psychological factors that are important contributors to this type of poisoning. PMID:28882026

Delusion of inanimate doubles: description of a case of focal retrograde amnesia.

PubMed

Abbate, Carlo; Trimarchi, Pietro Davide; Salvi, Gian Pietro; Quarenghi, Anna Maria; Vergani, Carlo; Luzzatti, Claudio

2012-01-01

This paper reports the case of a patient, M.P., who developed delusion of inanimate doubles, without Capgras syndrome, after traumatic brain injury. His delusional symptoms were studied longitudinally and the cognitive impairments associated with delusion were investigated. Data suggest that M.P. did 'perceive' the actual differences between doubles and originals rather than 'confabulate' them. The cognitive profile, characterized by retrograde episodic amnesia, but neither object processing impairment nor confabulations, supports this hypothesis. The study examines the nature of object misidentification based on Ellis' and Staton's account and proposes a new account based on concurrent unbiased retrieval of semantic memory traces and biased recollection of episodic memory traces.

Constraints on the Regulatory Process: A Case Study of Regulation of Cable Television. Publication No. 75-5.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berner, Ricahrd Olin

A case study approach is used to extensively examine the process by which the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has regulated cable television. A chronological accounting of cable regulation suggests the constraints under which regulation has taken place. An examination of extra-agency groups which constrain the commission's regulatory…

Final Part-Word Repetitions in School-Age Children: Two Case Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McAllister, Jan; Kingston, Mary

2005-01-01

In contrast to the many published accounts of the disfluent repetition of sounds at the beginnings of words, cases where it is predominantly the final parts of words that are repeated have been reported relatively rarely. With few exceptions, those studies that have been published have described either pre-school children or neurologically…

Surviving as an English Teacher in the West: A Case Study of Iranian English Teachers in Australia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fotovatian, Sepideh

2010-01-01

This paper provides an account of social integration and professional recognition of non-English-speaking-background (NESB) teachers of English in Australia. The case study profiles two Iranian postgraduate students of English teaching in an Australian university and describes their struggle to construct a social and professional identity. The…

A Case Study of Israeli Higher-Education Institutes Sharing Scholarly Information with the Community via Social Networks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forkosh-Baruch, Alona; Hershkovitz, Arnon

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study is to empirically examine cases in which Social Networking Sites (SNS) are being utilized for scholarly purposes by higher-education institutes in Israel. The research addresses questions regarding content patterns, activity patterns, and interactivity within Facebook and Twitter accounts of these institutes. Research…

Quality Management: An "Essential Attributes" Approach. A Case Study towards a Sustainable Model of Course Effectiveness Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murphy, Francis S.

2005-01-01

Education of potential professional engineers should take account of the type of employment that they will eventually obtain. The quality of an engineering degree course can be judged by assessing whether the correct balance of "essential attributes" has been effectively obtained. This case study is concerned with assessing the balance…

Ministries of Education in Small States: Case Studies of Organization and Management.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bray, Mark, Ed.

Case studies on ministries of education were sought from states with populations under 1.5 million and displaying a wide range of economic, geographic, and cultural diversity. The introduction has six main sections: (1) information on definitions and the contents of the book; (2) an account of other Commonwealth Secretariat initiatives on…

Accounting for actions and omissions: a discourse analysis of student nurse accounts of responding to instances of poor care.

PubMed

Ion, Robin; Smith, Kate; Moir, Jim; Nimmo, Sheila

2016-05-01

To explore how nursing students account for decisions to report or not report poor care witnessed on placement and to examine the implications of findings for educators. Concern has been raised about the extent to which cases of poor care go unreported. Failure to report cases may have serious consequences for patient safety. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 undergraduate students at a UK university during 2013. They were asked to consider their response to episodes of poor practice witnessed on placement. Data were transcribed verbatim and categorized according to whether or not students reported concerns. Cases were analysed in accordance with Potter and Wetherall's version of discourse analysis to identify the discursive strategies used to account for decisions to report or not report poor practice. Participants took care to present themselves in a positive light regardless of whether or not they had reported an episode of concern. Those who had reported tended to attribute their actions to internal factors such as moral strength and a commitment to a professional code. Those who had not or would not report concerns provided accounts which referred to external influences that prevented them from doing so or made reporting pointless. This study provides information about how students account for their actions and omissions in relation to the reporting of poor care. Findings suggest ways educators might increase reporting of concerns. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The influence of tie strength on evolutionary games on networks: An empirical investigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buesser, Pierre; Peña, Jorge; Pestelacci, Enea; Tomassini, Marco

2011-11-01

Extending previous work on unweighted networks, we present here a systematic numerical investigation of standard evolutionary games on weighted networks. In the absence of any reliable model for generating weighted social networks, we attribute weights to links in a few ways supported by empirical data ranging from totally uncorrelated to weighted bipartite networks. The results of the extensive simulation work on standard complex network models show that, except in a case that does not seem to be common in social networks, taking the tie strength into account does not change in a radical manner the long-run steady-state behavior of the studied games. Besides model networks, we also included a real-life case drawn from a coauthorship network. In this case also, taking the weights into account only changes the results slightly with respect to the raw unweighted graph, although to draw more reliable conclusions on real social networks many more cases should be studied as these weighted networks become available.

Applying cost accounting to operating room staffing in otolaryngology: time-driven activity-based costing and outpatient adenotonsillectomy.

PubMed

Balakrishnan, Karthik; Goico, Brian; Arjmand, Ellis M

2015-04-01

(1) To describe the application of a detailed cost-accounting method (time-driven activity-cased costing) to operating room personnel costs, avoiding the proxy use of hospital and provider charges. (2) To model potential cost efficiencies using different staffing models with the case study of outpatient adenotonsillectomy. Prospective cost analysis case study. Tertiary pediatric hospital. All otolaryngology providers and otolaryngology operating room staff at our institution. Time-driven activity-based costing demonstrated precise per-case and per-minute calculation of personnel costs. We identified several areas of unused personnel capacity in a basic staffing model. Per-case personnel costs decreased by 23.2% by allowing a surgeon to run 2 operating rooms, despite doubling all other staff. Further cost reductions up to a total of 26.4% were predicted with additional staffing rearrangements. Time-driven activity-based costing allows detailed understanding of not only personnel costs but also how personnel time is used. This in turn allows testing of alternative staffing models to decrease unused personnel capacity and increase efficiency. © American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation 2015.

Scleroderma prevalence: demographic variations in a population-based sample.

PubMed

Bernatsky, S; Joseph, L; Pineau, C A; Belisle, P; Hudson, M; Clarke, A E

2009-03-15

To estimate the prevalence of systemic sclerosis (SSc) using population-based administrative data, and to assess the sensitivity of case ascertainment approaches. We ascertained SSc cases from Quebec physician billing and hospitalization databases (covering approximately 7.5 million individuals). Three case definition algorithms were compared, and statistical methods accounting for imperfect case ascertainment were used to estimate SSc prevalence and case ascertainment sensitivity. A hierarchical Bayesian latent class regression model that accounted for possible between-test dependence conditional on disease status estimated the effect of patient characteristics on SSc prevalence and the sensitivity of the 3 ascertainment algorithms. Accounting for error inherent in both the billing and the hospitalization data, we estimated SSc prevalence in 2003 at 74.4 cases per 100,000 women (95% credible interval [95% CrI] 69.3-79.7) and 13.3 cases per 100,000 men (95% CrI 11.1-16.1). Prevalence was higher for older individuals, particularly in urban women (161.2 cases per 100,000, 95% CrI 148.6-175.0). Prevalence was lowest in young men (in rural areas, as low as 2.8 cases per 100,000, 95% CrI 1.4-4.8). In general, no single algorithm was very sensitive, with point estimates for sensitivity ranging from 20-73%. We found marked differences in SSc prevalence according to age, sex, and region. In general, no single case ascertainment approach was very sensitive for SSc. Therefore, using data from multiple sources, with adjustment for the imperfect nature of each, is an important strategy in population-based studies of SSc and similar conditions.

Marginal Structural Models for Case-Cohort Study Designs to Estimate the Association of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation With Incident AIDS or Death

PubMed Central

Cole, Stephen R.; Hudgens, Michael G.; Tien, Phyllis C.; Anastos, Kathryn; Kingsley, Lawrence; Chmiel, Joan S.; Jacobson, Lisa P.

2012-01-01

To estimate the association of antiretroviral therapy initiation with incident acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or death while accounting for time-varying confounding in a cost-efficient manner, the authors combined a case-cohort study design with inverse probability-weighted estimation of a marginal structural Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 950 adults who were positive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 were followed in 2 US cohort studies between 1995 and 2007. In the full cohort, 211 AIDS cases or deaths occurred during 4,456 person-years. In an illustrative 20% random subcohort of 190 participants, 41 AIDS cases or deaths occurred during 861 person-years. Accounting for measured confounders and determinants of dropout by inverse probability weighting, the full cohort hazard ratio was 0.41 (95% confidence interval: 0.26, 0.65) and the case-cohort hazard ratio was 0.47 (95% confidence interval: 0.26, 0.83). Standard multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were closer to the null, regardless of study design. The precision lost with the case-cohort design was modest given the cost savings. Results from Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that the proposed approach yields approximately unbiased estimates of the hazard ratio with appropriate confidence interval coverage. Marginal structural model analysis of case-cohort study designs provides a cost-efficient design coupled with an accurate analytic method for research settings in which there is time-varying confounding. PMID:22302074

Accounting in the Context of Its Environment: The Colombian Case.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Laribee, Stephen F.; Laribee, Janet F.

This paper provides a study of the evolution of the accounting system in the country of Columbia, South America, in light of the conflict between cultural values, other environmental factors, and the financial information generated. The paper begins with an overview of Colombia's political history as well as its economic and social changes during…

Leading as Emotional Management Work in High Risk Times: The Counterintuitive Impulses of Performativity and Passion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blackmore, Jill

2004-01-01

This paper explores, through a case study of educational restructuring in Victoria, Australia, how school leaders in a public education system in Australia mediate reform discourses emphasizing managerial and market accountability and the emotional and messy work of teaching and leading. These accountability exercises were often seen by teachers…

Sharpen Your Pencils and Roll Up Your Sleeves: A Case Study in Implementing GASB's New Financial Reporting Model.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Green, Tim; Williamson, Margie E.; Endris, William L., jR.

2000-01-01

Describes how the Vernon Parish (Louisiana) School District implemented Governmental Accounting Board Statement No. 34 for fiscal year 1999. Implementing GASB 34 was mentally challenging and demanded a team effort. The system uses columnar displays for major funds and contains burdensome capital-assets accounting standards. (MLH)

Learning as Becoming in Vocational Education and Training: Class, Gender and the Role of Vocational Habitus

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Colley, Helen; James, David; Tedder, Michael; Diment, Kim

2003-01-01

Official accounts of learning in vocational education and training emphasise the acquisition of technical skills and knowledge to foster behavioural competence in the workplace. However, such accounts fail to acknowledge the relationship between learning and identity. Drawing on detailed case studies of three vocational courses--in childcare,…

Getting to Grips with Bricolage: A Personal Account

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wibberley, Christopher

2012-01-01

This paper presents a personal account of how a PhD supervisor came to an understanding of an approach to research that was unfamiliar to him. Additionally it addresses the question of what makes the approach, in this case bricolage, an acceptable format for academic work and in particular PhD study. Bricolage is a relatively little used approach…

Spiraling Reference: A Case Study of Apprenticeship into an Academic Community of Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hugo, W.

2009-01-01

Recent South African meditations on the complex nature of post graduate supervision and teaching by Fataar (2005) and Waghid (2005; 2007) provide excellent accounts of the dialogic space between lecturer/supervisor and student. However, these accounts need to be supplemented by an explicit discussion of the broader academic communities of practice…

Adequacy, Accountability, Autonomy and Equity in a Middle Eastern School Reform: The Case of Qatar

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guarino, Cassandra M.; Tanner, Jeffery C.

2012-01-01

This study examines Qatar's recent and ambitious school reform in the early stages of its implementation against a set of four criteria for successful education systems drawn from guidelines developed by the international community: adequacy, accountability, autonomy and gender equity. We investigate both the initial structure of the reform and…

Recovery from a Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Patient and Spouse Perspectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brice, Roanne G.; Brice, Alejandro

2017-01-01

This second article of a two-part case study focuses on the experiences of a patient and his spouse (caregiver) when a neurological trauma occurs. It is the personal account when A.B. survived a vertebral artery aneurysm and hemorrhage resulting in a subarachnoid hemorrhage. It is also an in-depth post-trauma account from two speech-language…

Spatial complementarity of forests and farms: accounting for ecosystem services

Treesearch

Subhrendu K. Pattanayak; David T. Butry

2006-01-01

Our article considers the economic contributions of forest ecosystem services, using a case study from Flores, Indonesia, in which forest protection in upstream watersheds stabilize soil and hydrological flows in downstream farms. We focus on the demand for a weak complement to the ecosystem services--farm labor-- and account for spatial dependence due to economic...

Using ecosystem services in decision-making to support sustainable development: Critiques, model development, a case study, and perspectives.

PubMed

Zagonari, Fabio

2016-04-01

In this paper, I propose a general, consistent, and operational approach that accounts for ecosystem services in a decision-making context: I link ecosystem services to sustainable development criteria; adopt multi-criteria analysis to measure ecosystem services, with weights provided by stakeholders used to account for equity issues; apply both temporal and spatial discount rates; and adopt a technique to order performance of the possible solutions based on their similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) to account for uncertainty about the parameters and functions. Applying this approach in a case study of an offshore research platform in Italy (CNR Acqua Alta) revealed that decisions depend non-linearly on the degree of loss aversion, to a smaller extent on a global focus (as opposed to a local focus), and to the smallest extent on social concerns (as opposed to economic or environmental concerns). Application of the general model to the case study leads to the conclusion that the ecosystem services framework is likely to be less useful in supporting decisions than in identifying the crucial features on which decisions depend, unless experts from different disciplines are involved, stakeholders are represented, and experts and stakeholders achieve mutual understanding. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Environmental Education in Finland--A Case Study of Environmental Education in Nature Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jeronen, Eila; Jeronen, Juha; Raustia, Hanna

2009-01-01

The article aims to introduce Environmental Education (EE) in Finland and to discuss how it has been taken into account in Finnish nature schools. Firstly, we present EE models used in Finland. Thereafter we describe a qualitative case study on EE in nature schools (NS). The aim of the study was to get information for the development of EE. The…

Can the Use of Clickers or Continuous Assessment Motivate Critical Thinking? A Case Study Based on Corporate Finance Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morales, Lucía

2011-01-01

This study explores the use of clickers as a tool to support, encourage and motivate critical thinking in higher education students. A case study was carried out with a cohort of undergraduate students undertaking the BSc. in Accounting and Finance during the academic year 2009/10, where corporate finance was a major component. Since the students…

Educational Triage and Ability-Grouping in Primary Mathematics: A Case-Study of the Impacts on Low-Attaining Pupils

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marks, Rachel

2014-01-01

This case-study, drawing on an unanticipated theme arising from a wider study of ability-grouping in primary mathematics, documents some of the consequences of educational triage in the final year of one primary school. The paper discusses how a process of educational triage, as a response to accountability pressures, is justified by teachers on…

Accounting-Induced Distortion in Public Enterprise Pricing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moncur, James E. T.; Pollock, Richard L.

1996-11-01

Municipal water utilities commonly aim to set prices at average cost. Because of various omissions and owing to inflation, unadjusted accounting data understate the economic costs of fixed assets and thus generate inefficiently low prices and high consumption rates for the output of these enterprises. We investigate the nature and extent of undercosting and underpricing for a group of large urban water utilities in the United States. Economic costs appear to be significantly greater than the corresponding accounting measures for the cases studied.

Hospital-associated Costs of Chronic Pelvic Pain in Canada: A Population-based Descriptive Study.

PubMed

Chen, Innie; Thavorn, Kednapa; Shen, Minxue; Goddard, Yvette; Yong, Paul; MacRae, George S; Nishi, Corrine; Matar, Ayah; Allaire, Catherine

2017-03-01

To determine the hospital-related costs incurred by women requiring surgery or inpatient admission for chronic pelvic pain in Canada. We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study, focusing on women ages 15-59 with a most responsible International Classification of Diseases diagnosis of pelvic and perineal pain, dysmenorrhea, or dyspareunia who had surgery or inpatient admission with a discharge date between April 1, 2008 and March 31, 2012. This study was based on the Canadian Institute for Health Information Discharge Abstract database and the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System. Clinical diagnoses and interventions and resource intensity weights (RIW) were extracted. Hospital costs were estimated by multiplying cost per weighted case (CPWC) calculated at the national level with respective RIWs. Over four years, there were 34 346 cases of surgery or inpatient admission for chronic pelvic pain amounting to $100.5 million with an average cost of $25 million per year. Pelvic and perineal pain accounted for 61.5% (n = 21 127) of the cases, while dysmenorrhea accounted for 31.8% (n = 10 936), and dyspareunia accounted for 6.6% (n = 2283). The vast majority of the cases (92.9%, n = 31 923) were associated with surgical interventions, with the most common surgeries being hysterectomy (47.1%, n = 16 189), followed by laparoscopy (25.8%, n = 8850), adnexal surgery (6.8%, n = 2349), and other procedures (11.6%, n = 3968). While these estimates do not take into account non-hospital related costs, such as outpatient treatment, loss of productivity, and impact on quality of life, this study demonstrates that chronic pelvic pain represents a considerable economic burden to Canada's health care system. Copyright © 2017 The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada/La Société des obstétriciens et gynécologues du Canada. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

From Boutique to Big Box: A Case Study Concerning Teacher Change Transitioning to a Public Montessori Elementary School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Acker, Teresa A.

2013-01-01

Public Montessori schools have grown in number significantly in the United States. This case study chronicles the journey of teachers as they navigate the tension of balancing the Montessori approach with an accountability Standards model. Although Montessori may be in demand among parents in the nation, exhibited by the increase in public…

Case-control geographic clustering for residential histories accounting for risk factors and covariates

PubMed Central

2006-01-01

Background Methods for analyzing space-time variation in risk in case-control studies typically ignore residential mobility. We develop an approach for analyzing case-control data for mobile individuals and apply it to study bladder cancer in 11 counties in southeastern Michigan. At this time data collection is incomplete and no inferences should be drawn – we analyze these data to demonstrate the novel methods. Global, local and focused clustering of residential histories for 219 cases and 437 controls is quantified using time-dependent nearest neighbor relationships. Business address histories for 268 industries that release known or suspected bladder cancer carcinogens are analyzed. A logistic model accounting for smoking, gender, age, race and education specifies the probability of being a case, and is incorporated into the cluster randomization procedures. Sensitivity of clustering to definition of the proximity metric is assessed for 1 to 75 k nearest neighbors. Results Global clustering is partly explained by the covariates but remains statistically significant at 12 of the 14 levels of k considered. After accounting for the covariates 26 Local clusters are found in Lapeer, Ingham, Oakland and Jackson counties, with the clusters in Ingham and Oakland counties appearing in 1950 and persisting to the present. Statistically significant focused clusters are found about the business address histories of 22 industries located in Oakland (19 clusters), Ingham (2) and Jackson (1) counties. Clusters in central and southeastern Oakland County appear in the 1930's and persist to the present day. Conclusion These methods provide a systematic approach for evaluating a series of increasingly realistic alternative hypotheses regarding the sources of excess risk. So long as selection of cases and controls is population-based and not geographically biased, these tools can provide insights into geographic risk factors that were not specifically assessed in the case-control study design. PMID:16887016

77 FR 181 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2005-55; Introduction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-03

... System. VI Updated Financial 2010-005 Chambers. Accounting Standards Board Accounting References. VII... Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting References (FAR Case 2010-005) This final rule amends the... authoritative accounting standards owing to the Financial Accounting Standards Board's Accounting Standards...

High-Stakes & Assessment Innovation: A Negative Correlation? Research Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ananda, Sri; Rabinowitz, Stanley

This paper makes the case that, as implemented so far, there has been an inverse correlation between innovation and accountability in statewide assessment systems. The higher the stakes attached to the assessment results, the more conservative the assessment methodology ultimately used. Case studies of two state assessment programs were carried…

Emergy accounting for regional studies: case study of Canada and its provinces.

PubMed

Hossaini, Navid; Hewage, Kasun

2013-03-30

Sustainable regional management (development) requires an understanding of interactions between the social, economic, and ecological systems within the boundaries of a region. In this paper, application of emergy (an environmental accounting method) for regional planning is discussed through a case study. Emergy (spelled with an "m") methodology is an environmental accounting technique that evaluates the energy system for the thermodynamics of an open system. Major renewable and non-renewable resource fluxes to a region, including energy, matter, human activities, and money can be converted to emergy by using corresponding transformity functions. As a case study, this paper discusses the emergy accounting of Canada and its provinces with various emergy-based indicators. Moreover, emergy maps were generated in a form of emergy geography. These maps are multi-dimensional illustrations that show resource consumption, emergy per person, and emergy density across Canada under two parameters: (1) the quantities of resources consumed and (2) the location of consumption. Emergy analysis also highlights concentrations of renewable and natural resources in Canada and distinguishes the provinces with the highest resource consumption. Analysis of emergy indicator for Canadian provinces shows that Alberta with the highest EYR (7.35) provides energy to the economy of Canada. However, ELR value of Alberta (8.5) indicates that the province's current economic approach is not sustainable as it relies mainly on non-renewable emergy inputs (mainly from fossil fuels). ELR of British Columbia and Manitoba indicates that these two provinces created a firm balance between emergy use of renewable and non-renewable resources. The characterizations of regions provided in this paper can be used for future land planning and management both in federal and provincial levels. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

How School Leaders Prioritize and Allocate Resources to Improve Teacher Quality through Teacher Professional Development: A Multiple Case Study in Suburban North Carolina

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tyson, Deonte Rashawn

2017-01-01

This multiple case study examined the methods by which school leaders determined and planned teacher professional development, as well as what teachers perceived as their professional development needs and how they believe school leaders take those needs into account. The study took place at two suburban elementary schools (1 traditional public, 1…

Happy Marriage or Uneasy Alliance? The Relationship between Comprehensive School Reform and State Accountability Systems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Datnow, Amanda

2005-01-01

The purpose of this article is to examine how the relationship between comprehensive school reform (CSR) and state accountability systems helps or hinders school improvement efforts. This article draws on case study data collected in schools in 3 states that received funding to implement reforms through the federal CSR program. Findings show that…

Balancing Accountability and Ethics: A Case Study of an Elementary School Principal

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hall, Dorothy Ledbetter

2009-01-01

In recent years, the federal No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act has increasingly had a major impact on daily decisions in schools, especially for principals' performance. Depending on the accountability rating, schools are in jeopardy of closing, and principals and teachers are at risk of being fired (McGhee & Nelson, 2005). As a result, it is…

Cash Flow Statement Spreadsheet Modeling Case Using a Prototype System Development Process

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Jefferson T.

2015-01-01

U.S. GAAP and IFRS standards both require a cash flow statement that presents operating, investing and financing net cash flows (FASB, FAS 95; 1987; IASB, IAS 7, 1992). Although students are exposed to the cash flow statement in beginning accounting courses and then study the cash flow statement in more depth in intermediate accounting classes,…

Simple-Minded Accountability Measures Create Failing Schools in Disadvantaged Contexts: A Case Study of a Swedish Junior High School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allodi, Mara Westling

2013-01-01

The principles of new public management -- market mechanisms, accountability and standards -- have been applied in the education system. These methods are supposed to increase efficiency, but there is also a risk of negative consequences from the services provided if the measures of performance target a reduced range of goals, ignore relevant…

Do School Incentives and Accountability Measures Improve Skills in the Middle East and North Africa? The Cases of Jordan and Tunisia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shafiq, M. Najeeb

2011-01-01

There is general agreement that skill-enhancing school reforms in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are necessary for economic, political and social reasons. Using student-level data from Jordan and Tunisia, this study assesses the relationship between skills and the following school incentive and accountability measures: pedagogical…

77 FR 205 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2005-55; Small Entity Compliance Guide

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-03

... System. VI Updated Financial 2010-005 Chambers. Accounting Standards Board Accounting References. VII... Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting References (FAR Case 2010-005) This final rule amends the... authoritative accounting standards owing to the Financial Accounting Standards Board's Accounting Standards...

Using accountability to improve reproductive health care.

PubMed

George, Asha

2003-05-01

Accountability is best understood as a referee of the dynamics in two-way relationships, often between unequal partners. The literature on accountability distinguishes between political, fiscal, administrative, legal and constitutional accountability. This paper focuses on accountability mechanisms in health care and how they mediate between service providers and communities and between different kinds of health personnel at the primary health care level. It refers to case studies of participatory processes for improving sexual and reproductive health service delivery. Information, dialogue and negotiation are important elements that enable accountability mechanisms to address problems by supporting change and engagement between participants. In order to succeed, however, efforts towards better accountability that broaden the participation of users must take into account the social contexts and the policy and service delivery systems in which they are applied, address power relations and improve the representation of marginalised groups within communities and service delivery systems.

Headache in a nonclinical population in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A community-based study.

PubMed

Matuja, W B; Mteza, I B; Rwiza, H T

1995-05-01

Headache is a common symptom that constitutes a major health problem to all countries in the world with a variable prevalence from about 20.2% in the African population to about 80% in populations of the civilized world. Community-based studies in African populations are still scanty, and the impact on health facility utilization and sickness absence from work is unknown. After a simple random selection, 1540 urban workers and students of higher education completed a standardized self-administered questionnaire on headache. A total of 815 (52%), (620 (51%) men, 195 (60%) women) admitted to having suffered a headache requiring medication or medical consultation in the last year. Of these, 366 (23.7%) had recurrent headache not attributable to systemic disease. Of the total with recurrent headache, there was a significant preponderance of women over men with sex prevalence of 28.9% and 22.4%, respectively (X2 P = 0.0001). Combined vascular-muscular-type of headache exceeded all types of headache, accounting for 35.8% of cases, followed by migraine accounting for 30.8% of cases. Organic disease was rare, accounting for 8.5% of cases, and psychogenic causes of headache were even rarer at less than 1.2% of cases. Within 2 months of onset of recurrent headaches, over 32% of sufferers had utilized the health facility at their place of work or study. A significant number of cases (175) had an average of 11.3 lost work days per year in comparison to a control group of 154 persons with an average of 5.7 lost work days per year for reasons other than headache (X2 P = 0.0005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Power/Sample Size Calculations for Assessing Correlates of Risk in Clinical Efficacy Trials

PubMed Central

Gilbert, Peter B.; Janes, Holly E.; Huang, Yunda

2016-01-01

In a randomized controlled clinical trial that assesses treatment efficacy, a common objective is to assess the association of a measured biomarker response endpoint with the primary study endpoint in the active treatment group, using a case-cohort, case-control, or two-phase sampling design. Methods for power and sample size calculations for such biomarker association analyses typically do not account for the level of treatment efficacy, precluding interpretation of the biomarker association results in terms of biomarker effect modification of treatment efficacy, with detriment that the power calculations may tacitly and inadvertently assume that the treatment harms some study participants. We develop power and sample size methods accounting for this issue, and the methods also account for inter-individual variability of the biomarker that is not biologically relevant (e.g., due to technical measurement error). We focus on a binary study endpoint and on a biomarker subject to measurement error that is normally distributed or categorical with two or three levels. We illustrate the methods with preventive HIV vaccine efficacy trials, and include an R package implementing the methods. PMID:27037797

The Sternocleidomastoid Flap for Oral Cavity Reconstruction: Extended Indications and Technical Modifications.

PubMed

Chen, Hung-Chih; Chang, Hao-Sheng

2015-12-01

Several investigators have found that preserving the superior thyroid artery flap can considerably increase the survival rate of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) flap. Nevertheless, they have recommended not cleaning the lymph nodes above level II for occipital artery preservation, which can leave risky metastatic lymph nodes and restrict the application of the SCM flap in patients with at least stage N1. The authors propose that preserving only the superior thyroid arteriovenous system is sufficient to ensure survival of the SCM flap and preserving the occipital artery is not necessary. They also propose preserving the cranial portion of the external jugular vein for improved venous return of the skin paddle. This study retrospectively examined 20 patients with oral cancer (18 male, 2 female; 33 to 92 yr old; median age, 57.5 yr) who underwent SCM flap reconstruction from September 2011 to September 2014. All patients underwent surgical resection and immediate reconstruction with the SCM flap. The primary sites included the oral tongue border (n = 10), the base of the tongue (n = 3), the mandibular gingiva (n = 3), the floor of the mouth (n = 2), the buccal mucosa (n = 1), and the anterior neck skin (n = 1). The dimensions of the skin paddle ranged from 5 × 4 to 8 × 5 cm (length × width; mean, 6.7 × 4.2 cm). Arteriovenous type 1A1V of the superior thyroid arteriovenous system accounted for 30% of cases, 1A2V accounted for 30% of cases, 2A2V accounted for 25% of cases, 2A1V accounted for 5% of cases, 2A3V accounted for 5% of cases, and 3A2V accounted for 5% of cases. The mean number was 10.7 lymph nodes (standard deviation, 4.1 lymph nodes) per dissection above level II and 2 cases had level II lymph nodes metastasis. Only 1 case (5%) exhibited marginal loss of the skin paddle. The average operative time was 6.8 ± 0.9 hours and hospitalization was 12 ± 2.2 days. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 36 months. Two patients died of metastatic disease and 2 patients developed neck recurrences. Using the SCM flap with modifications is a reliable and convenient technique with wide application in the reconstruction of head and neck defects. Copyright © 2015 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Analytical study of effect of casing treatment on performance of a multistage compressor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Snyder, R. W.; Blade, R. J.

1972-01-01

The simulation was based on individual stage pressure and efficiency maps. These maps were modified to account for casing treatment effects on the individual stage characteristics. The individual stage maps effects on overall compressor performance were observed. The results show that to improve the performance of the compressor in its normal operating range, casing treatment of the rear stages is required.

Evaluating RVUs as a measure of workload for use in assessing fatigue

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krupinski, Elizabeth A.; MacKinnon, Lea; Hasselbach, Karl; Taljanovic, Mihra

2015-03-01

Physician work is not well defined and does not take into account all of the activities and tasks involved in interpreting cases. We observed 3 MSK radiologists reading 100 cases. We recorded types of cases, whether residents/fellows were present, total time per case, time spent teaching, and time for interruptions. There were residents/fellows present for 65% of the cases. On average, when residents/fellows were present it took significantly longer to read a case. Overall, prior studies were accessed for 25% of the cases, with radiographs and CT accessing them more than MRI and US. Time per case was significantly longer when prior studies were included. In terms of interruptions, 9.24% of the time was taken up by calls to/from other clinicians, talking to technologists, discussing case protocols, and technical problems. All interruptions occurred during a case review. We downloaded RVU data for the 3 radiologists and correlated them with the actual times per case. The overall correlation was 0.215. For a given RVU, the actual amount of time spent on the case varies. Radiologists spend more time per case than assigned RVUs account for. This underestimation contributes to expectations of increased workloads, leading potentially to more and more cases being read in shorter amounts of time leading to increased fatigue and stress that could lead to increases in error rates. In order to better address fatigue and stress in the radiology department we need to better understand the pressures radiologists face and possibly reevaluate the RVU system.

Genetics Home Reference: Guillain-Barré syndrome

MedlinePlus

... most common type in North America and Europe, accounting for approximately 90 percent of cases of Guillain- ... syndrome is also more common in Asian countries, accounting for approximately 20 percent of cases in these ...

Ewings Sarcoma: A Case of Respiratory Distress and Opacification That Was not Pneumonia.

PubMed

Wells, Jordee M; Spencer, Sandra P

2018-05-01

The Ewing sarcoma family of tumors typically appears in the second decade of life with regional pain and swelling of a long bone. The following case presents a pediatric patient, aged 4 years, given a diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma of the rib with the initial presentation of respiratory distress, hypoxia, and pleural effusion. Respiratory distress accounts for a large majority of emergency department visits annually, so it is the distinct responsibility of the emergency department physician to avoid premature closure in attributing the most common diagnoses to account for the presenting symptoms. In this case, the careful study of the initial radiographic findings led to further identification and characterization of the mass through thoracic computed tomography to suggest Ewing sarcoma, despite the patient's unlikely demographics and presentation.

Neuropsychological and Behavioural Phenotype of Dandy-Walker Variant Presenting in Chromosome 22 Trisomy: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Searson, Ruth; Hare, Dougal Julian; Sridharan, Sridhar

2013-01-01

In this study, a case of Dandy-Walker variant syndrome associated with trisomy 22 in a 17-year-old man is described. This is the first account of this combination in a person surviving into adulthood, and the neuropsychological and behavioural presentation is described in detail and a clinical formulation is presented for the benefit of…

Neuropsychological and behavioural phenotype of Dandy-Walker variant presenting in chromosome 22 trisomy: a case study.

PubMed

Searson, Ruth; Hare, Dougal Julian; Sridharan, Sridhar

2013-06-01

In this study, a case of Dandy-Walker variant syndrome associated with trisomy 22 in a 17-year-old man is described. This is the first account of this combination in a person surviving into adulthood, and the neuropsychological and behavioural presentation is described in detail and a clinical formulation is presented for the benefit of researchers and clinicians.

Global Citizenship Education within a Context of Accountability and 21st Century Skills: The Case of Olympus High School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DiCicco, Marzia Cozzolino

2016-01-01

This article addresses the present gap in empirical research on the possibilities and challenges of global citizenship education in U.S. public schools by presenting findings from a five-year, ethnographic case study. The setting for this study is Olympus High School, a small, suburban public high school in Pennsylvania. Beginning in the 2009-2010…

Sample size calculations for case-control studies

Cancer.gov

This R package can be used to calculate the required samples size for unconditional multivariate analyses of unmatched case-control studies. The sample sizes are for a scalar exposure effect, such as binary, ordinal or continuous exposures. The sample sizes can also be computed for scalar interaction effects. The analyses account for the effects of potential confounder variables that are also included in the multivariate logistic model.

The Significance of Social Relationships in Learning to Become a Vocational and Technical Education Teacher: A Case Study of Three Individuals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goh, Adeline Yuen Sze

2013-01-01

This article about workplace learning examines the learning of individuals in becoming a Vocational and Technical Education (VTE) teacher in Brunei. Drawing on research findings from a group of student teachers, it presents case study accounts of three individuals to illustrate the importance of social relationships in learning to become a VTE…

Litigation as TB Rights Advocacy: A New Delhi Case Study.

PubMed

McBroom, Kerry

2016-06-01

One thousand people die every day in India as a result of TB, a preventable and treatable disease, even though the Constitution of India, government schemes, and international law guarantee available, accessible, acceptable, quality health care. Failure to address the spread of TB and to provide quality treatment to all affected populations constitutes a public health and human rights emergency that demands action and accountability. As part of a broader strategy, health activists in India employ Public Interest Litigation (PIL) to hold the state accountable for rights violations and to demand new legislation, standards for patient care, accountability for under-spending, improvements in services at individual facilities, and access to government entitlements in marginalized communities. Taking inspiration from right to health PIL cases (PILs), lawyers in a New Delhi-based rights organization used desk research, fact-findings, and the Right To Information Act to build a TB PIL for the Delhi High Court, Sanjai Sharma v. NCT of Delhi and Others (2015). The case argues that inadequate implementation of government TB schemes violates the Constitutional rights to life, health, food, and equality. Although PILs face substantial challenges, this paper concludes that litigation can be a crucial advocacy and accountability tool for people living with TB and their allies.

Social accountability in primary health care in West and Central Africa: exploring the role of health facility committees.

PubMed

Lodenstein, Elsbet; Mafuta, Eric; Kpatchavi, Adolphe C; Servais, Jean; Dieleman, Marjolein; Broerse, Jacqueline E W; Barry, Alpha Amadou Bano; Mambu, Thérèse M N; Toonen, Jurrien

2017-06-13

Social accountability has been emphasised as an important strategy to increase the quality, equity, and responsiveness of health services. In many countries, health facility committees (HFCs) provide the accountability interface between health providers and citizens or users of health services. This article explores the social accountability practices facilitated by HFCs in Benin, Guinea and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The paper is based on a cross-case comparison of 11 HFCs across the three countries. The HFCs were purposefully selected based on the (past) presence of community participation support programs. The cases were derived from qualitative research involving document analysis as well as interviews and focus group discussions with health workers, citizens, committee members, and local authorities. Most HFCs facilitate social accountability by engaging with health providers in person or through meetings to discuss service failures, leading to changes in the quality of services, such as improved health worker presence, the availability of night shifts, the display of drug prices and replacement of poorly functioning health workers. Social accountability practices are however often individualised and not systematic, and their success depends on HFC leadership and synergy with other community structures. The absence of remuneration for HFC members does not seem to affect HFC engagement in social accountability. Most HFCs in this study offer a social accountability forum, but the informal and non-systematic character and limited community consultation leave opportunities for the exclusion of voices of marginalised groups. More inclusive, coherent and authoritative social accountability practices can be developed by making explicit the mandate of HFC in the planning, monitoring, and supervision of health services; providing instruments for organising local accountability processes; strengthening opportunities for community input and feedback; and strengthening links to formal administrative accountability mechanisms in the health system.

Options for accounting carbon sequestration in German forests

PubMed Central

Krug, Joachim; Koehl, Michael; Riedel, Thomas; Bormann, Kristin; Rueter, Sebastian; Elsasser, Peter

2009-01-01

Background The Accra climate change talks held from 21–27 August 2008 in Accra, Ghana, were part of an ongoing series of meetings leading up to the Copenhagen meeting in December 2009. During the meeting a set of options for accounting carbon sequestration in forestry on a post-2012 framework was presented. The options include gross-net and net-net accounting and approaches for establishing baselines. Results This article demonstrates the embedded consequences of Accra Accounting Options for the case study of German national GHG accounting. It presents the most current assessment of sequestration rates by forest management for the period 1990 – 2007, provides an outlook of future emissions and removals (up to the year 2042) as related to three different management scenarios, and shows that implementation of some Accra options may reverse sources to sinks, or sinks to sources. Conclusion The results of the study highlight the importance of elaborating an accounting system that would prioritize the climate convention goals, not national preferences. PMID:19650896

Options for accounting carbon sequestration in German forests.

PubMed

Krug, Joachim; Koehl, Michael; Riedel, Thomas; Bormann, Kristin; Rueter, Sebastian; Elsasser, Peter

2009-08-03

The Accra climate change talks held from 21-27 August 2008 in Accra, Ghana, were part of an ongoing series of meetings leading up to the Copenhagen meeting in December 2009. During the meeting a set of options for accounting carbon sequestration in forestry on a post-2012 framework was presented. The options include gross-net and net-net accounting and approaches for establishing baselines. This article demonstrates the embedded consequences of Accra Accounting Options for the case study of German national GHG accounting. It presents the most current assessment of sequestration rates by forest management for the period 1990 - 2007, provides an outlook of future emissions and removals (up to the year 2042) as related to three different management scenarios, and shows that implementation of some Accra options may reverse sources to sinks, or sinks to sources. The results of the study highlight the importance of elaborating an accounting system that would prioritize the climate convention goals, not national preferences.

Using Simulation for Enhanced Accounting Learning: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sa Silva, Pedro; Trigo, Antonio; Varajao, Joao

2012-01-01

The increasing focus of government institutions, such as the Tax Administration or Social Security, e-government has introduced a new paradigm that is the obligation of fulfilling obligations to these institutions through online channels. In the case of tax compliance by businesses, there is another requirement, only authorized persons, such as…

Hybridisation or Ousterisation? The Case of Local Accountability Policy in Finnish Early Childhood Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paananen, Maiju; Lipponen, Lasse; Kumpulainen, Kristiina

2015-01-01

Drawing on the analytic concept of imaginary, this study investigates policy hybridisation in the Finnish early childhood education. Specifically, it illuminates how the interplay between different imaginaries enabled the neoliberal imaginary to oust the social-democratic imaginary through a tripartite process in a case of local productivity…

Cross-border-assisted reproduction: a qualitative account of UK travellers' experiences.

PubMed

Hudson, Nicky; Culley, Lorraine; Blyth, Eric; Norton, Wendy; Pacey, Allan; Rapport, Frances

2016-06-01

Surveys on patients' experiences of cross-border fertility treatment have reported a range of positive and challenging features. However, the number of such studies is limited, and there is no detailed qualitative account of the experiences of UK patients who travel overseas for fertility treatment. The present study used a cross-sectional, qualitative design and in-depth interviews. Fifty-one participants (41 women and 10 men, representing 41 treatment 'cases') participated in semi-structured interviews. The experiences reported were broadly positive with a large proportion of participants (39 cases, 95%) citing a favourable overall experience with only two cases (5%) reporting a more negative experience. Thematic analysis revealed 6 major categories and 20 sub-categories, which described the positive and challenging aspects of cross-border fertility travel. The positive aspects were represented by the categories: 'access', 'control' and 'care and respect'. The more challenging aspects were categorized as 'logistics and coordination of care', 'uncertainty' and 'cultural dissonance'. The study confirms findings from others that despite some challenges, there is a relatively high level of patient satisfaction with cross-border treatment with participants able to extend the boundaries of their fertility-seeking trajectories and in some cases, regain a sense of control over their treatment.

1997 federal highway cost allocation study : final report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-10-01

The purpose of this case study report is to examine the ways in which metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) and State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) have responded to Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Lega...

A Case Study of the Strategic Staffing Initiative Used in Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

March, Kendra D.

2013-01-01

Accountability standards challenge schools to provide quality education for all students and to ensure that all students are on grade level by the end of the school year. If schools fall short of this challenge failing to make at least one year of progress, schools are at risk of being identified as low performing. In this age of accountability,…

Using an Accountability Tool to Improve the Quality of Outcomes on Individual Family Service Plans

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Votava, Kristen M.; Johnson, Carol; Chiasson, Kari

2011-01-01

This study investigated using a state's Part C early intervention accountability tool to increase the number of outcomes meeting compliance within IFSPs. The Case Review Tool (CRT) was used to examine differences from year one to year three on three measures of quality outcomes. There was no evidence of change in two of the measures, but there was…

Increasing a Community College Governing Board's Engagement in Accountability for Student Success: What Are the Principal Influences?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Welsh, Linda Susan Anderson

2010-01-01

Understanding the factors that influence a community college governing board to increase its engagement in accountability for student success was the purpose of this grounded theory case study. A further aim was to develop a model that described how these factors interact. A highly engaged community college governing board, as defined by a focus,…

Snow shovel-related injuries and medical emergencies treated in US EDs, 1990 to 2006.

PubMed

Watson, Daniel S; Shields, Brenda J; Smith, Gary A

2011-01-01

Injuries and medical emergencies associated with snow shovel use are common in the United States. This is a retrospective analysis of data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. This study analyzes the epidemiologic features of snow shovel-related injuries and medical emergencies treated in US emergency departments (EDs) from 1990 to 2006. An estimated 195 100 individuals (95% confidence interval, 140 400-249 800) were treated in US EDs for snow shovel-related incidents during the 17-year study period, averaging 11 500 individuals annually (SD, 5300). The average annual rate of snow shovel-related injuries and medical emergencies was 4.15 per 100 000 population. Approximately two thirds (67.5%) of these incidents occurred among males. Children younger than 18 years comprised 15.3% of the cases, whereas older adults (55 years and older) accounted for 21.8%. The most common diagnosis was soft tissue injury (54.7%). Injuries to the lower back accounted for 34.3% of the cases. The most common mechanism of injury/nature of medical emergency was acute musculoskeletal exertion (53.9%) followed by slips and falls (20.0%) and being struck by a snow shovel (15.0%). Cardiac-related ED visits accounted for 6.7% of the cases, including all of the 1647 deaths in the study. Patients required hospitalization in 5.8% of the cases. Most snow shovel-related incidents (95.6%) occurred in and around the home. This is the first study to comprehensively examine snow shovel-related injuries and medical emergencies in the United States using a nationally representative sample. There are an estimated 11 500 snow shovel-related injuries and medical emergencies treated annually in US EDs. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Usage of an Online Discussion Forum for the Facilitation of Case-Based Learning in an Intermediate Accounting Course: A New Zealand Case

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weil, Sidney; McGuigan, Nicholas; Kern, Thomas

2011-01-01

This paper describes the implementation of an online discussion forum as a means of facilitating case-based learning in an intermediate financial accounting course. The paper commences with a review of case-based learning literature and the use of online discussions as a delivery platform, linking these pedagogical approaches to the emerging needs…

Consistent comparison of angle Kappa adjustment between Oculyzer and Topolyzer Vario topography guided LASIK for myopia by EX500 excimer laser.

PubMed

Sun, Ming-Shen; Zhang, Li; Guo, Ning; Song, Yan-Zheng; Zhang, Feng-Ju

2018-01-01

To evaluate and compare the uniformity of angle Kappa adjustment between Oculyzer and Topolyzer Vario topography guided ablation of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) by EX500 excimer laser for myopia. Totally 145 cases (290 consecutive eyes )with myopia received LASIK with a target of emmetropia. The ablation for 86 cases (172 eyes) was guided manually based on Oculyzer topography (study group), while the ablation for 59 cases (118 eyes) was guided automatically by Topolyzer Vario topography (control group). Measurement of adjustment values included data respectively in horizontal and vertical direction of cornea. Horizontally, synclastic adjustment between manually actual values (dx manu ) and Oculyzer topography guided data (dx ocu ) accounts 35.5% in study group, with mean dx manu /dx ocu of 0.78±0.48; while in control group, synclastic adjustment between automatically actual values (dx auto ) and Oculyzer topography data (dx ocu ) accounts 54.2%, with mean dx auto /dx ocu of 0.79±0.66. Vertically, synclastic adjustment between dy manu and dy ocu accounts 55.2% in study group, with mean dy manu /dy ocu of 0.61±0.42; while in control group, synclastic adjustment between dy auto and dy ocu accounts 66.1%, with mean dy auto /dy ocu of 0.66±0.65. There was no statistically significant difference in ratio of actual values/Oculyzer topography guided data in horizontal and vertical direction between two groups ( P =0.951, 0.621). There is high consistency in angle Kappa adjustment guided manually by Oculyzer and guided automatically by Topolyzer Vario topography during corneal refractive surgery by WaveLight EX500 excimer laser.

Calculations of the cosmic ray modulation in interplanetary space taking into account the possible dependence of the transport travel for the scattering of the particles and of the velocity of the solar winds on the angles they make with the helioequator plane: The case of isotropic diffusion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dorman, L. I.; Kobilinski, Z.

1975-01-01

The modulation of galactic cosmic rays is studied by the magnetic heterogeneities stream on the assumption that the diffusion coefficient is reduced whereas the solar wind velocity is increased with the growth of the angle between the sun's rotation axis and the direction of solar plasma motion. The stationary plane problem of isotropic diffusion is solved as it applies to two cases: (1) with due account of particle retardation by the antiphermium mechanism; and (2) without an account of the above mechanism. This problem is solved by the grid method in the polar coordinate system. The results of the calculations are followed by a discussion of the method of solution and of the errors.

Distribution and features of hematological malignancies in Eastern Morocco: a retrospective multicenter study over 5 years.

PubMed

Elidrissi Errahhali, Mounia; Elidrissi Errahhali, Manal; Boulouiz, Redouane; Ouarzane, Meryem; Bellaoui, Mohammed

2016-02-25

Hematological malignancies (HM) are a public health problem. The pattern and distribution of diagnosed hematological cancers vary depending on age, sex, geography, and ethnicity suggesting the involvement of genetic and environmental factors for the development of these diseases. To our knowledge, there is no published report on HM in the case of Eastern Morocco. In this report we present for the first time the overall pattern of HM for this region. Retrospective descriptive study of patients diagnosed with HM between January 2008 and December 2012 in three centres in Eastern Morocco providing cancer diagnosis, treatment or palliative care services. The FAB (French-American-British) classification system has been taken into account in the analysis of myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms. In this study, a total of 660 cases of HM were registered between January 2008 and December 2012. Overall, 6075 cases of cancers all sites combined were registered during this study period, indicating that HM account for around 10.9 % (660/6075) of all cancers recorded. Among the 660 registered cases of HM, 53 % were males and 47 % were females, with a male to female ratio of 1.1. Thus, overall, men are slightly more affected with HM than women. By contrast, a female predominance was observed in the case of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). HM occur at a relatively young age, with an overall median age at diagnosis of 54 years. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was the most common HM accounting for 29.7 % of all HM, followed by HL, MPN, multiple myelomas (MM), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), AML, MDS, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). The majority of HM cases have been observed among patients aged 60 years and over (40.4 % of HM). Among this age group, NHL was the most common HM. In adolescents, HL was the most frequent HM. This study provided for the first time the pattern and distribution of HM in Eastern Morocco. Our findings justify the need to establish a regional cancer registry as a first step in blood cancer control in Eastern Morocco.

Starworld: Preparing Accountants for the Future: A Case-Based Approach to Teach International Financial Reporting Standards Using ERP Software

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ragan, Joseph M.; Savino, Christopher J.; Parashac, Paul; Hosler, Jonathan C.

2010-01-01

International Financial Reporting Standards now constitute an important part of educating young professional accountants. This paper looks at a case based process to teach International Financial Reporting Standards using integrated Enterprise Resource Planning software. The case contained within the paper can be used within a variety of courses…

Using Peer Grading and Proofreading to Ratchet Student Expectations in Preparing Accounting Cases

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chaney, Barbara A.; Ingraham, Laura R.

2009-01-01

Accounting educators struggle with ways to incorporate the development of critical thinking and communication skills into the curriculum. Case analysis is one tool for developing these skills. We examine whether students' case analysis scores improve as a result of participation in peer grading and peer review. We find that students improve their…

Recommendations to Commander, Naval Surface Forces, for Achieving a Strategic Approach to the Acquisition of Information Systems and Services

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-01

policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. government . IRB Protocol number _______N/A______. 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY...72 3. GAO Case Study of Commercial Transformation in Decision Making on IS Acquisition Spending (Case Study Located in Appendix C...Program FRE Fleet Readiness Enterprise GAO government Accountability Office IOC Initial Operating Capability xvi IS Information

Decline in the U.S. furniture industry: a case study of the impacts to the hardwood lumber supply chain

Treesearch

Shawn T. Grushecky; Urs Buehlmann; Al Schuler; William Luppold; Ed Cesa

2006-01-01

Traditionally, the wood household furniture industry has accounted for a sizeable portion of total hardwood lumber use in the United States. However, for more than a decade, imports have gained an increasing share of the hardwood furniture market, and lumber consumption by this industry has declined dramatically in the last 5 years. We used a case study methodology to...

Impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine on bacterial meningitis in the Dominican Republic.

PubMed

Lee, Ellen H; Corcino, Miriam; Moore, Arelis; Garib, Zacarias; Peña, Chabela; Sánchez, Jacqueline; Fernández, Josefina; Feris-Iglesias, Jesús M; Flannery, Brendan

2008-09-01

Widespread use of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines has dramatically reduced the burden of Hib disease throughout the Americas. Few studies have evaluated the impact of Hib vaccination on non-culture-confirmed disease. This study analyzed trends in probable bacterial meningitis before and after the introduction of Hib vaccine in the Dominican Republic and estimated vaccine effectiveness against Hib meningitis. Meningitis cases among children < 5 years of age were identified from admission records of the main pediatric hospital in Santo Domingo during 1998-2004. Laboratory criteria were used to classify meningitis cases with probable bacterial etiology; confirmed cases had positive bacterial culture or antigen detection in cerebrospinal fluid. Cumulative incidence rates of confirmed and probable bacterial meningitis were calculated for children living in the National District. Confirmed cases of Hib meningitis were enrolled in a case-control study with age- and neighborhood-matched control children to calculate vaccine effectiveness. Before vaccine introduction, annual rates of meningitis with probable bacterial etiology were 49 cases per 100 000 children < 5 years old; Hib accounted for 60% of confirmed bacterial cases. During 2002-2004, after vaccine introduction, annual rates of probable bacterial meningitis were 65% lower at 16 cases per 100 000, and Hib accounted for 26% of confirmed cases. Rates of Hib meningitis and probable bacterial meningitis with no determined etiology declined by 13 and 17 cases per 100 000, respectively. Introduction of Hib vaccine substantially reduced the incidence of confirmed and probable bacterial meningitis in the Dominican Republic. The estimated impact of Hib vaccination was twice as great when non-culture-confirmed disease was included.

Case Study Observational Research: A Framework for Conducting Case Study Research Where Observation Data Are the Focus.

PubMed

Morgan, Sonya J; Pullon, Susan R H; Macdonald, Lindsay M; McKinlay, Eileen M; Gray, Ben V

2017-06-01

Case study research is a comprehensive method that incorporates multiple sources of data to provide detailed accounts of complex research phenomena in real-life contexts. However, current models of case study research do not particularly distinguish the unique contribution observation data can make. Observation methods have the potential to reach beyond other methods that rely largely or solely on self-report. This article describes the distinctive characteristics of case study observational research, a modified form of Yin's 2014 model of case study research the authors used in a study exploring interprofessional collaboration in primary care. In this approach, observation data are positioned as the central component of the research design. Case study observational research offers a promising approach for researchers in a wide range of health care settings seeking more complete understandings of complex topics, where contextual influences are of primary concern. Future research is needed to refine and evaluate the approach.

Toward an experimental account of argumentation: the case of the slippery slope and the ad hominem arguments

PubMed Central

Lillo-Unglaube, Marco; Canales-Johnson, Andrés; Navarrete, Gorka; Bravo, Claudio Fuentes

2014-01-01

Argumentation is a crucial component of our lives. Although in the absence of rational debate our legal, political, and scientific systems would not be possible, there is still no integrated area of research on the psychology of argumentation. Furthermore, classical theories of argumentation are normative (i.e., the acceptability of an argument is determined by a set of norms or logical rules), which sometimes creates a dissociation between the theories and people’s behavior. We think the current challenge for psychology is to bring together the cognitive and normative accounts of argumentation. In this article, we exemplify this point by analyzing two cases of argumentative structures experimentally studied in the context of cognitive psychology. Specifically, we focus on the slippery slope argument and the ad hominem argument under the frameworks of Bayesian and pragma-dialectics approaches, respectively. We think employing more descriptive and experimental accounts of argumentation would help Psychology to bring closer the cognitive and normative accounts of argumentation with the final goal of establishing an integrated area of research on the psychology of argumentation. PMID:25566112

Toward an experimental account of argumentation: the case of the slippery slope and the ad hominem arguments.

PubMed

Lillo-Unglaube, Marco; Canales-Johnson, Andrés; Navarrete, Gorka; Bravo, Claudio Fuentes

2014-01-01

Argumentation is a crucial component of our lives. Although in the absence of rational debate our legal, political, and scientific systems would not be possible, there is still no integrated area of research on the psychology of argumentation. Furthermore, classical theories of argumentation are normative (i.e., the acceptability of an argument is determined by a set of norms or logical rules), which sometimes creates a dissociation between the theories and people's behavior. We think the current challenge for psychology is to bring together the cognitive and normative accounts of argumentation. In this article, we exemplify this point by analyzing two cases of argumentative structures experimentally studied in the context of cognitive psychology. Specifically, we focus on the slippery slope argument and the ad hominem argument under the frameworks of Bayesian and pragma-dialectics approaches, respectively. We think employing more descriptive and experimental accounts of argumentation would help Psychology to bring closer the cognitive and normative accounts of argumentation with the final goal of establishing an integrated area of research on the psychology of argumentation.

College Student Perceptions and Learning Points from the Formal University Judicial Process: A Multiple Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lucas, Christopher M.

2009-01-01

For educators in the field of higher education and judicial affairs, issues are growing. Campus adjudicators must somehow maximize every opportunity for student education and development in the context of declining resources and increasing expectations of public accountability. Numbers of student misconduct cases, including matters of violence and…

Diversity and Inclusion in Social Media: A Case Study of Student Behavior

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daugird, Debra; Everett, Marlena; Jones, Mary; Lewis, Lisa; White, Angela

2015-01-01

A freshman student posts on her social media account remarks that reflect intolerance and bigotry. Fellow students and faculty are upset, and disciplinary action follows. Was the student's right to free speech ignored or were the rights of others to a welcoming and inclusive environment infringed upon? This case guides the reader through some of…

Identity Constructions and Sensemaking in Higher Education--A Case Study of Danish Higher Education Department Heads

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Degn, Lise

2015-01-01

Academic values and norms have as a consequence of the wave of European higher education reforms been put under pressure by the increasing expectations and demands of flexibility, entrepreneurialism and accountability. This article examines how these changes affect identity construction processes at department head level in the case of Danish…

Productivity of "Collisions Generate Heat" for Reconciling an Energy Model with Mechanistic Reasoning: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scherr, Rachel E.; Robertson, Amy D.

2015-01-01

We observe teachers in professional development courses about energy constructing mechanistic accounts of energy transformations. We analyze a case in which teachers investigating adiabatic compression develop a model of the transformation of kinetic energy to thermal energy. Among their ideas is the idea that thermal energy is generated as a…

[Epidemiological analysis for Quzhou pesticide poisoning of year 2008 to 2010].

PubMed

Zhao, Shi-guang; Liu, Si-feng

2012-09-01

To provide scientific evidence of making measures for prevention of pesticide poisoning, the investigation on the condition of pesticide poisoning was carried out in Quzhou. Registration data of pesticide poisoning from 2008 to 2010 in Quzhou were collected and statistically analyzed by SPSS 12.0. During the three years, there were 1222 cases reported for pesticide poisoning. Among them, the number of occupational poisoning was 225 (1 case died), with fatality rate of 0.44%. The number of non-occupational poisoning was 997 (77 cases died), and its fatality rate was 7.72% . The incidence of occupational poisoning and non-occupational poisoning accounted for 18.4% and 81.6% respectively. Male patients were in the majority in occupational pesticides poisoning (accounting for 76.4%), female patients in non-occupational poisoning (accounting for 52.1%). The pesticide poisoning mainly occurred from July to September. Occupational poisoning and non-occupational poisoning cases mainly concentrated in over 65 age group, accounting for 36.0% (81 cases) and 26.3% (262 cases) respectively. Insecticide ranks the first in the terms of total poisoning cases caused by pesticide, and organophosphate poisoning ranks the first in all insecticides. Pesticides poisoning has badly threatened the public health in Quzhou, attention should be paid to non-occupational poisoning. The pesticides poisoning was mainly caused by organophosphate insecticides.

How do gamblers end gambling: longitudinal analysis of Internet gambling behaviors prior to account closure due to gambling related problems.

PubMed

Xuan, Ziming; Shaffer, Howard

2009-06-01

To examine behavioral patterns of actual Internet gamblers who experienced gambling-related problems and voluntarily closed their accounts. A nested case-control design was used to compare gamblers who closed their accounts because of gambling problems to those who maintained open accounts. Actual play patterns of in vivo Internet gamblers who subscribed to an Internet gambling site. 226 gamblers who closed accounts due to gambling problems were selected from a cohort of 47,603 Internet gamblers who subscribed to an Internet gambling site during February 2005; 226 matched-case controls were selected from the group of gamblers who did not close their accounts. Daily aggregates of behavioral data were collected during an 18-month study period. Main outcomes of interest were daily aggregates of stake, odds, and net loss, which were standardized by the daily aggregate number of bets. We also examined the number of bets to measure trajectory of gambling frequency. Account closers due to gambling problems experienced increasing monetary loss as the time to closure approached; they also increased their stake per bet. Yet they did not chase longer odds; their choices of wagers were more probabilistically conservative (i.e., short odds) compared with the controls. The changes of monetary involvement and risk preference occurred concurrently during the last few days prior to voluntary closing. Our finding of an involvement-seeking yet risk-averse tendency among self-identified problem gamblers challenges the notion that problem gamblers seek "long odds" during "chasing."

Prevalence and outcome of injury in patients visiting the emergency Department of Yirgalem General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.

PubMed

Negussie, Abel; Getie, Andarge; Manaye, Elias; Tekle, Tamrat

2018-05-22

Traumatic injuries continue to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Despite the high burden of injury in Ethiopia, the occurrence and health impact have not received due attention. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and outcome of injury among patients visiting the Emergency Department (ED) of Yirgalem General Hospital, southern Ethiopia. A facility-based prospective cross sectional study was conducted from March, 27 - April, 30/2017. The final calculated sample size was 353 and all eligible trauma patients who visited the ED of Yirgalem General Hospital during the study period were included in the study. Data was collected using a checklist which was adapted from the WHO injury surveillance guideline. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 19. A total of 346 patients, who visited the ED during the study period, participated in the study and of them, 171 (49.4%) were injury cases. Unintentional injuries accounted 123 (71.9%) of the total injuries and the age group ≤24 years (48.2%) was the most commonly affected age group. More than half (51.4%) of unintentional injury cases were due to Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) and 48 (28%) of the cases were attributed to interpersonal violence (assault). The majority of patients, 97 (56.7%), had a minor or superficial injury (like bruises and minor cuts), 44 (25.7%) had a moderate injury and 16 (9.3%) had severe type of injury requiring intensive medical/surgical management; and RTIs accounted for 11 (68%) of all severe injuries. The prevalence of injury was considerably high in Yirgalem General Hospital. Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) accounted for the majority of severe injury cases; therefore, appropriate prevention strategies should be strengthened and implemented against RTIs. We also suggest that children and young adults should be educated in schools and work environments to prevent injuries/accidents.

An Immunohistochemical Study of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma.

PubMed

Verma, Sonal; Kumar, Madhu; Kumari, Malti; Mehrotra, Raj; Kushwaha, R A S; Goel, Madhumati; Kumar, Ashutosh; Kant, Surya

2017-07-01

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related death. Targeted treatment for specific markers may help in reducing the cancer related morbidity and mortality. To study expression of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutations in patients of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer NSCLC, that are the targets for specific ALK inhibitors and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Total 69 cases of histologically diagnosed NSCLC were examined retrospectively for immunohistochemical expression of EGFR and ALK, along with positive control of normal placental tissue and anaplastic large cell lymphoma respectively. Of the NSCLC, Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) accounted for 71.0% and adenocarcinoma was 26.1%. ALK expression was seen in single case of 60-year-old female, non-smoker with adenocarcinoma histology. EGFR expression was seen in both SCC (59.18%) and adenocarcinoma in (77.78%) accounting for 63.77% of all cases. Both ALK and EGFR mutation were mutually exclusive. EGFR expression was seen in 63.77% of cases, highlighting the importance of its use in routine analysis, for targeted therapy and better treatment results. Although, ALK expression was seen in 1.45% of all cases, it is an important biomarker in targeted cancer therapy. Also, the mutually exclusive expression of these two markers need further studies to develop a diagnostic algorithm for NSCLC patients.

An Articulated Pan-Canadian Core Curriculum: Are We Dreaming in Colour? The Tourism Learning System. An Association of Canadian Community Colleges Sponsored Sectoral Case Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bird, Geoffrey; Hood, Terry; White, Brian

This paper offers findings from a case study of western Canada's Tourism Learning System (TLS) initiative. TLS aims to facilitate possible adoption of a national tourism learning system, as well as adaptation of development principles to other industries. The tourism industry now accounts for more than 25% of the world's trade and nearly 10% of…

[Drug-induced acute pancreatitis: about 10 cases].

PubMed

Maghrebi, Houcine; Rhaeim, Rami; Haddad, Anis; Makni, Amin; Mohamed, Jouini; Montasser, Kacem; Zoubeir, Ben Safta

2017-01-01

Drug-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) accounts for approximately 2% of acute pancreatitis. Its incidence is increasing, with more than 260 incriminated drugs. However, very few cases have been described in the literature due to accountability problem. We report our experience with 10 cases whose data were collected over a period of 7 years. Clinical presentation of AP was often equivocal. Ranson's score ranged from 0 to 5. We recorded 5 cases of edematous pancreatitis and 5 cases of necro-bleeding pancreatitis. These pancreatitis were often successfully treated without recurrence after discontinuation of the incriminated drug.

A Comparable Market Study of RFID for Manual Item-Level Accountability Inventory and Tracking Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-01

documented RMMS case studies that implemented an RFID solution. This thesis discusses and analyzes companies in private sector industry that have reported...documented RMMS case studies that implemented an RFID solution. This thesis discusses and analyzes companies in private sector industry that have reported...device to and from work in order to continue work from home (Lee & Brulliard, 2006). • “…Ameriprise, of course, isn’t the only company that has seen its

CPTAC Releases Cancer Proteome Confirmatory Breast Study Data | Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research

Cancer.gov

An estimated 252,710 new cases of female breast cancer, accounting for 15% of all new cancer cases, occurred in 2017. To better understand proteogenomic abnormalities in breast cancer, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) announces the release of the cancer proteome confirmatory breast study data. The goal of the study was to comprehensively characterize the proteome and phosphoproteome on approximately 100 prospectively collected breast tumor and adjacent normal tissues.

Probabilistic failure assessment with application to solid rocket motors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jan, Darrell L.; Davidson, Barry D.; Moore, Nicholas R.

1990-01-01

A quantitative methodology is being developed for assessment of risk of failure of solid rocket motors. This probabilistic methodology employs best available engineering models and available information in a stochastic framework. The framework accounts for incomplete knowledge of governing parameters, intrinsic variability, and failure model specification error. Earlier case studies have been conducted on several failure modes of the Space Shuttle Main Engine. Work in progress on application of this probabilistic approach to large solid rocket boosters such as the Advanced Solid Rocket Motor for the Space Shuttle is described. Failure due to debonding has been selected as the first case study for large solid rocket motors (SRMs) since it accounts for a significant number of historical SRM failures. Impact of incomplete knowledge of governing parameters and failure model specification errors is expected to be important.

Improving observational study estimates of treatment effects using joint modeling of selection effects and outcomes: the case of AAA repair.

PubMed

O'Malley, A James; Cotterill, Philip; Schermerhorn, Marc L; Landon, Bruce E

2011-12-01

When 2 treatment approaches are available, there are likely to be unmeasured confounders that influence choice of procedure, which complicates estimation of the causal effect of treatment on outcomes using observational data. To estimate the effect of endovascular (endo) versus open surgical (open) repair, including possible modification by institutional volume, on survival after treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm, accounting for observed and unobserved confounding variables. Observational study of data from the Medicare program using a joint model of treatment selection and survival given treatment to estimate the effects of type of surgery and institutional volume on survival. We studied 61,414 eligible repairs of intact abdominal aortic aneurysms during 2001 to 2004. The outcome, perioperative death, is defined as in-hospital death or death within 30 days of operation. The key predictors are use of endo, transformed endo and open volume, and endo-volume interactions. There is strong evidence of nonrandom selection of treatment with potential confounding variables including institutional volume and procedure date, variables not typically adjusted for in clinical trials. The best fitting model included heterogeneous transformations of endo volume for endo cases and open volume for open cases as predictors. Consistent with our hypothesis, accounting for unmeasured selection reduced the mortality benefit of endo. The effect of endo versus open surgery varies nonlinearly with endo and open volume. Accounting for institutional experience and unmeasured selection enables better decision-making by physicians making treatment referrals, investigators evaluating treatments, and policy makers.

Does the average cost of home health care vary with case mix?

PubMed

Nyman, J A; Svetlik, M A

1989-01-01

The relationship between the average cost of home health care and the case mix of patients served by the home health agency is investigated using 1983 data from Wisconsin's home health care agencies. In contrast to previous work, case mix is shown to have a significant effect on the home health agency's average costs. The methods used in the previous work are evaluated, and differences between the earlier study and the present study are discussed to explain the divergent results. Also, average costs are shown to decrease with output, to increase with the proportion of private patients served by the agency, and to be higher if the home health agency is located in an urban area or if it has a proprietary charter. The implications of this research for the design of an appropriate home health reimbursement policy are discussed. Primarily, it is argued that, although future research might confirm the relationship between average costs and case mix for home health agencies, we cannot necessarily conclude that reimbursement rates must be adjusted to account for differences in case mix as many States are now doing for nursing home reimbursement. Policies must take into account the fundamental differences between home health agencies and nursing homes, and their respective markets, in order to be effective.

[Epidemiological study of acute poisoning cases treated at a Galician hospital between 2005 and 2008].

PubMed

de Miguel-Bouzas, José Carlos; Castro-Tubío, Eva; Bermejo-Barrera, Ana María; Fernández-Gómez, Purificación; Estévez-Núñez, Juan Carlos; Tabernero-Duque, María Jesús

2012-01-01

A descriptive retrospective study of acute intoxication cases registered at the Complexo Hospitalario de Pontevedra (CHOP) between January 2005 and December 2008 was performed to find out the number and types of poisoning cases treated, their distribution according to patient's sex and age, chronology, type of toxic agents involved, intentionality, history, symptoms, clinical development, treatment and toxicological analysis used for diagnosis. Data were recorded using Clinica and IANUS software and consulting all paper records of patients with symptoms of poisoning. Data from a total of 1893 patients with a mean age of 35.6 ± 17.6 years (66% men) were included. Highest rates of poisoning were recorded on Saturdays and Sundays during the summer months (June, July and August). Drugs of abuse were the most common toxic agents (70.4%), ethyl alcohol accounting for 61% of these cases, which often involved males and with people with high degrees of dependency. In second place was poisoning resulting from the abuse of medical drugs, more commonly associated with females, and involving benzodiazepines in 73.2% of cases. The majority of these intoxications were intentional, and suicide attempts accounted for 18.8%. The problems most commonly resulting from the poisoning were neurological, and mortality rate was just 0.2%.

Does the average cost of home health care vary with case mix?

PubMed Central

Nyman, J A; Svetlik, M A

1989-01-01

The relationship between the average cost of home health care and the case mix of patients served by the home health agency is investigated using 1983 data from Wisconsin's home health care agencies. In contrast to previous work, case mix is shown to have a significant effect on the home health agency's average costs. The methods used in the previous work are evaluated, and differences between the earlier study and the present study are discussed to explain the divergent results. Also, average costs are shown to decrease with output, to increase with the proportion of private patients served by the agency, and to be higher if the home health agency is located in an urban area or if it has a proprietary charter. The implications of this research for the design of an appropriate home health reimbursement policy are discussed. Primarily, it is argued that, although future research might confirm the relationship between average costs and case mix for home health agencies, we cannot necessarily conclude that reimbursement rates must be adjusted to account for differences in case mix as many States are now doing for nursing home reimbursement. Policies must take into account the fundamental differences between home health agencies and nursing homes, and their respective markets, in order to be effective. PMID:2502804

First-trimester translucency: aneuploidy, sonographic findings, and maternal age.

PubMed

Mahieu-Caputo, D; Dommergues, M; Morichon-Delvallez, N; Aubry, M C; Wekemans, M; Dumez, Y

1996-01-01

The positive predictive value of 1st-trimester nuchal translucency for the diagnosis of fetal aneuploidy is reported to range from 19 to 72% in retrospective series and from 2.8 to 4.8% in prospective studies. In order to analyze the biases accounting for such discrepancies, we retrospectively analyzed a consecutive series of 66 cases of translucency and studied the rate of aneuploidy as a function of sonographic findings and maternal age. The aneuploidy rate was significantly higher in the 23 cases in whom translucency involved the fetal trunk (65%) than in the 43 cases in whom translucency was confined to the nuchal area (16%). This rate was not significantly higher in septated translucencies. These trends persisted after adjustment for maternal age, but the rate of chromosomal anomalies was twice lower in younger mothers. Among the 46 cases in whom the maternal age was < 35 years, 10% of the 30 fetuses with localized nuchal translucency had an abnormal karyotype. In contrast, the rate of aneuploidy was 85% among the 7 cases with diffuse translucency for whom the maternal age was 35 years or above. These findings confirm that both maternal age and size of the translucency should be taken into account to evaluate the risks of aneuploidy.

Accounting for response misclassification and covariate measurement error improves power and reduces bias in epidemiologic studies.

PubMed

Cheng, Dunlei; Branscum, Adam J; Stamey, James D

2010-07-01

To quantify the impact of ignoring misclassification of a response variable and measurement error in a covariate on statistical power, and to develop software for sample size and power analysis that accounts for these flaws in epidemiologic data. A Monte Carlo simulation-based procedure is developed to illustrate the differences in design requirements and inferences between analytic methods that properly account for misclassification and measurement error to those that do not in regression models for cross-sectional and cohort data. We found that failure to account for these flaws in epidemiologic data can lead to a substantial reduction in statistical power, over 25% in some cases. The proposed method substantially reduced bias by up to a ten-fold margin compared to naive estimates obtained by ignoring misclassification and mismeasurement. We recommend as routine practice that researchers account for errors in measurement of both response and covariate data when determining sample size, performing power calculations, or analyzing data from epidemiological studies. 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Coffee, decaffeinated coffee, tea and cancer of the colon and rectum: a review of epidemiological studies, 1990-2003.

PubMed

Tavani, Alessandra; La Vecchia, Carlo

2004-10-01

The literature from 1990 to 2003 on the relation between coffee, decaffeinated coffee, tea and colorectal cancer risk has been reviewed. For the relation with coffee, three cohort (517 total cases) and nine case-control studies (7555 cases) analysed colon cancer; three cohort (307 cases) and four case-control studies (2704 cases) rectal cancer; six case-control studies (854 cases) colorectal cancer. For colon cancer most case-control studies found risk estimates below unity; the results are less clear for cohort studies. No relation emerged for rectal cancer. A meta-analysis, including five cohort and twelve case-control studies, reported a pooled relative risk of 0.76 (significant). Any methodological artefact is unlikely to account for the consistent inverse association in different countries and settings. Plausible biological explanations include coffee-related reductions of cholesterol, bile acids and neutral sterol secretion in the colon; antimutagenic properties of selected coffee components; increased colonic motility. Decaffeinated coffee was not related to either colon or rectal cancer in three case-control studies. No overall association between tea and either colon or rectal cancer risk emerged in seven cohort (1756 total cases of colon, 759 of rectal and 60 of colorectal cancer) and 12 case-control studies (8058 cases of colon, 4865 of rectal, 604 of colorectal cancer).

Age-related Decline in Case-Marker Processing and its Relation to Working Memory Capacity.

PubMed

Sung, Jee Eun

2017-09-01

Purposes of the current study were to investigate whether age-related decline emerged in a case-marker assignment task (CMAT) and to explore the relationship between working-memory (WM) capacity and case-marker processing. A total of 121 individuals participated in the study with 62 younger adults and 59 elderly adults. All were administered a CMAT that consisted of active and passive constructions with canonical and noncanonical word-order conditions. A composite measure of WM tasks served as an index of participants' WM capacity. The older group performed worse than the younger group, and the noncanonical word order elicited worse performance than the canonical condition. The older group demonstrated greater difficulty in case-marker processing under the canonical condition and passive construction. Regression results revealed that age, education, and sentence type were the best predictors to account for performance on the CMAT. The canonicity of word order and passive construction were critical factors related to decline in abilities in a case-marker assignment. The combination of age, education, and sentence type factors accounted for overall performance on case-marker processing. Results indicated the crucial necessity to find a cognitively and linguistically demanding condition that elicits aging effects most efficiently, considering language-specific syntactic features. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Holding Abusers Accountable: An Elder Abuse Forensic Center Increases Criminal Prosecution of Financial Exploitation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Navarro, Adria E.; Gassoumis, Zachary D.; Wilber, Kathleen H.

2013-01-01

Purpose: Despite growing awareness of elder abuse, cases are rarely prosecuted. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of an elder abuse forensic center compared with usual care to increase prosecution of elder financial abuse. Design and Methods: Using one-to-one propensity score matching, cases referred to the Los Angeles County…

Large plunging schwannoma of the floor of the mouth involving the mylohyoid nerve: a case report and review of the literature.

PubMed

Nilesh, Kumar; Naniwadekar, Ramchandra G; Malik, Neelima A

2016-01-01

Extracranial schwannomas are rare in the oral cavity, accounting for only 1% of all tumors of this type. This article presents a case study of a schwannoma arising from the mylohyoid nerve that presented as a large nodular swelling in the floor of the mouth extending into the submandibular space.

Using Sources to Teach History for the Common Good: A Case of One Teacher's Purpose

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gradwell, Jill M.

2010-01-01

The teacher who is the focus of this interpretive case study, uses primary sources regularly with her students in ambitious ways but does so less from the current reform efforts, recent history education scholarship, or the climate of accountability and more from her individual goals for history education, most significantly, to prepare her…

Indications for eye removal over a 13-year period at an ophthalmology referral center in São Paulo, Brazil.

PubMed

Hime, Bernardo; Isenberg, Jordan; Rocha, Gustavo; Lowen, Marcia; Morales, Melina; Fernandes, Bruno Franco; Belfort, Rubens N

2017-01-01

To analyze the indications and types of eye removal at Latin America's highest-volume ophthalmic reference center in São Paulo, Brazil. A retrospective analysis was conducted of surgical pathological reports in the electronic database of the Ophthalmology Department of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo Hospital of patients who underwent eye-removal procedures between January 2000 and December 2012. A total of 412 cases met the inclusion criteria for this study. The most common indications for eye removal were ocular melanoma and retinoblastoma, representing 35.4% and 31.1% of the total cases, respectively. Other frequent indications included endophthalmitis (6.3%), nonspecific inflammation (4.1%), squamous cell carcinoma (3.6%), panophthalmitis (3.4%), and phthisis bulbi (1.2%). The remaining indications accounted for 14.8% of all cases, with each accounting for <1% of the total cases. Enucleation was the most common eye-removal procedure seen in our study. The two most common indications for eye removal were ocular melanoma and retinoblastoma. Alternative treatment options are effective in limiting the need for eye removal but are constrained by our public center's so cioeconomic context.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the rhetorical construction of "bad" scientific work.

PubMed

Attenborough, Frederick Thomas

2012-02-01

How are secondary accounts of "bad" scientific practice constructed? How do they engage with the primary data produced by "bad" scientists? And what happens to those primary data as generations of secondary accounts purporting to describe them accumulate? This paper addresses such questions via a case study of Dr. Hong, a microbiologist accused of "bad" scientific practice by numerous secondary accounts of the 2003 SARS outbreak. Bringing Hong's own account of his own actions into dialogue with one of the most influential secondary accounts of his actions, the paper highlights the gross disparity between the two. Having argued that the rhetorical structuring of the secondary account is, ultimately, responsible for Hong's characterisation as a "bad" scientist, it then moves to explore how subsequent accounts developed their own characterisations. What becomes clear is that as secondary accounts began feeding off one another, references to Hong's account disappeared. Aided by the concepts of the "vanishing" and the "phantasm", the paper concludes with a consideration of how this process left Hong's work with a very peculiar form of existence.

Understanding the dynamic interactions driving Zambian health centre performance: a case-based health systems analysis

PubMed Central

Topp, Stephanie M; Chipukuma, Julien M; Hanefeld, Johanna

2015-01-01

Background Despite being central to achieving improved population health outcomes, primary health centres in low- and middle-income settings continue to underperform. Little research exists to adequately explain how and why this is the case. This study aimed to test the relevance and usefulness of an adapted conceptual framework for improving our understanding of the mechanisms and causal pathways influencing primary health centre performance. Methods A theory-driven, case-study approach was adopted. Four Zambian health centres were purposefully selected with case data including health-care worker interviews (n = 60); patient interviews (n = 180); direct observation of facility operations (2 weeks/centre) and key informant interviews (n = 14). Data were analysed to understand how the performance of each site was influenced by the dynamic interactions between system ‘hardware’ and ‘software’ acting on mechanisms of accountability. Findings Structural constraints including limited resources created challenging service environments in which work overload and stockouts were common. Health workers’ frustration with such conditions interacted with dissatisfaction with salary levels eroding service values and acting as a catalyst for different forms of absenteeism. Such behaviours exacerbated patient–provider ratios and increased the frequency of clinical and administrative shortcuts. Weak health information systems and lack of performance data undermined providers’ answerability to their employer and clients, and a lack of effective sanctions undermined supervisors’ ability to hold providers accountable for these transgressions. Weak answerability and enforceability contributed to a culture of impunity that masked and condoned weak service performance in all four sites. Conclusions Health centre performance is influenced by mechanisms of accountability, which are in turn shaped by dynamic interactions between system hardware and system software. Our findings confirm the usefulness of combining Sheikh et al.’s (2011) hardware–software model with Brinkerhoff’s (2004) typology of accountability to better understand how and why health centre micro-systems perform (or under-perform) under certain conditions. PMID:24829316

Understanding the dynamic interactions driving Zambian health centre performance: a case-based health systems analysis.

PubMed

Topp, Stephanie M; Chipukuma, Julien M; Hanefeld, Johanna

2015-05-01

Despite being central to achieving improved population health outcomes, primary health centres in low- and middle-income settings continue to underperform. Little research exists to adequately explain how and why this is the case. This study aimed to test the relevance and usefulness of an adapted conceptual framework for improving our understanding of the mechanisms and causal pathways influencing primary health centre performance. A theory-driven, case-study approach was adopted. Four Zambian health centres were purposefully selected with case data including health-care worker interviews (n = 60); patient interviews (n = 180); direct observation of facility operations (2 weeks/centre) and key informant interviews (n = 14). Data were analysed to understand how the performance of each site was influenced by the dynamic interactions between system 'hardware' and 'software' acting on mechanisms of accountability. Structural constraints including limited resources created challenging service environments in which work overload and stockouts were common. Health workers' frustration with such conditions interacted with dissatisfaction with salary levels eroding service values and acting as a catalyst for different forms of absenteeism. Such behaviours exacerbated patient-provider ratios and increased the frequency of clinical and administrative shortcuts. Weak health information systems and lack of performance data undermined providers' answerability to their employer and clients, and a lack of effective sanctions undermined supervisors' ability to hold providers accountable for these transgressions. Weak answerability and enforceability contributed to a culture of impunity that masked and condoned weak service performance in all four sites. Health centre performance is influenced by mechanisms of accountability, which are in turn shaped by dynamic interactions between system hardware and system software. Our findings confirm the usefulness of combining Sheikh et al.'s (2011) hardware-software model with Brinkerhoff's (2004) typology of accountability to better understand how and why health centre micro-systems perform (or under-perform) under certain conditions. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine © The Author 2014.

Analysis of case-only studies accounting for genotyping error.

PubMed

Cheng, K F

2007-03-01

The case-only design provides one approach to assess possible interactions between genetic and environmental factors. It has been shown that if these factors are conditionally independent, then a case-only analysis is not only valid but also very efficient. However, a drawback of the case-only approach is that its conclusions may be biased by genotyping errors. In this paper, our main aim is to propose a method for analysis of case-only studies when these errors occur. We show that the bias can be adjusted through the use of internal validation data, which are obtained by genotyping some sampled individuals twice. Our analysis is based on a simple and yet highly efficient conditional likelihood approach. Simulation studies considered in this paper confirm that the new method has acceptable performance under genotyping errors.

The Organizational Account of Function is an Etiological Account of Function.

PubMed

Artiga, Marc; Martínez, Manolo

2016-06-01

The debate on the notion of function has been historically dominated by dispositional and etiological accounts, but recently a third contender has gained prominence: the organizational account. This original theory of function is intended to offer an alternative account based on the notion of self-maintaining system. However, there is a set of cases where organizational accounts seem to generate counterintuitive results. These cases involve cross-generational traits, that is, traits that do not contribute in any relevant way to the self-maintenance of the organism carrying them, but instead have very important effects on organisms that belong to the next generation. We argue that any plausible solution to the problem of cross-generational traits shows that the organizational account just is a version of the etiological theory and, furthermore, that it does not provide any substantive advantage over standard etiological theories of function.

[Epidemiological investigation on confirmed cases of schistosomiasis in Hubei Province].

PubMed

Yan-Yan, Chen; Shun-Xiang, Cai; Guo, Li; Ying, Xiao; Xiao-Wei, Shan; Juan, Zhang; Jian-Bing, Liu

2016-05-10

To grasp the distribution and epidemiology of confirmed cases of schistosomiasis in Hubei Province, so as to provide the evidence for promoting the prevention and control work. The confirmed cases of schistosomiasis in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2014 were epidemiologically investigated, and the prevalence characteristics and main influencing factors were analyzed. A total of 10 102 confirmed cases from 2010 to 2014 were surveyed. There were 1 062 local infected patients, accounting for 10.51% and including 354 repeated infections and 17 newly infected. There were 290 foreigninfected patients, accounting for 2.87%, with 206 repeated infection cases and 84 newly infected. There were 8 750 historical patients, including 2 229 patients who leaked the former schistosomiasis investigations, accounting for 22.06%; 570 patients missed treatment, accounting for 5.64%; 3 640 patients were treated with non-standard therapy, accounting for 36.03%; 2 311 patients were treated with poor medication efficacy, accounting for 22.88%. The multivariate non-conditional Logistic regression, targeting at confirmed cases in 2014, showed that, for the leaking investigations, the potential risk factors included the age, educational level, and latrine renovation ( b ＞0, OR ＞1), the protective factors were the times of previous treatment, cattle feeding in villager team, and Oncomelania hupensis snails in surroundings ( b ＜0, OR ＜1); for the treatment-missing, the age, educational level, snails in the surroundings of residence were risk factors ( b ＜0, OR ＜1); for the substandard treatment, the risk factors included the occupation and snails in the surroundings of residence ( b ＞0, OR ＞1), and the educational level and snails in the own field were protective factors ( b ＜0, OR ＜1). The epidemiological investigation on the confirmed cases of schistosomiasis could grasp the epidemic factors so as to improve the management and carry out the scientific control.

Assurance of Learning and Study Abroad: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rexeisen, Richard J.; Al-Khatib, Jamal

2009-01-01

Most academic programs are now held accountable for measuring student-learning outcomes. This article reports the results of an assurance of learning (AOL) project designed to measure the impact of study abroad on the development of ethical reasoning, intercultural sensitivity, and environmental attitudes. The Association to Advance Collegiate…

Themes Found in High Performing Schools: The CAB Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sanders, Brenda

2010-01-01

This study examines the CAB [Cooperativeness, Accountability, and Boundlessness] model of high performing schools by developing case studies of two Portland, Oregon area schools. In pursuing this purpose, this study answers the following three research questions: 1) To what extent is the common correlate cooperativeness demonstrated or absent in…

Elementary ELA/Social Studies Integration: Challenges and Limitations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heafner, Tina L.

2018-01-01

Adding instructional time and holding teachers accountable for teaching social studies are touted as practical, logical steps toward reforming the age-old tradition of marginalization. This qualitative case study of an urban elementary school, examines how nine teachers and one administrator enacted district reforms that added 45 minutes to the…

7 CFR 1951.7 - Accounts of borrowers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... part of analysis and subsequent planning, as well as follow-up management assistance. (b) Accounts of... employees to County Offices having large collection-only caseloads when necessary to service such cases to a... collection-only borrowers: (i) District Directors will review, yearly, all collection-only cases in each...

From personal to global: Understandings of social accountability from stakeholders at four medical schools.

PubMed

Preston, Robyn; Larkins, Sarah; Taylor, Judy; Judd, Jenni

2016-10-01

This paper addresses the question of how social accountability is conceptualised by staff, students and community members associated with four medical schools aspiring to be socially accountable in two countries. Using a multiple case study approach this research explored how contextual issues have influenced social accountability at four medical schools: two in Australia and two in the Philippines. This paper reports on how research participants understood social accountability. Seventy-five participants were interviewed including staff, students, health sector representatives and community members. Field notes were taken and a documentary analysis was completed. Overall there were three common understandings. Socially accountable medical education was about meeting workforce, community and health needs. Social accountability was also determined by the nature and content of programs the school implemented or how it operated. Finally, social accountability was deemed a personal responsibility. The broad consensus masked the divergent perspectives people held within each school. The assumption that social accountability is universally understood could not be confirmed from these data. To strengthen social accountability it is useful to learn from these institutions' experiences to contribute to the development of the theory and practice of activities within socially accountable medical schools.

Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR). Volume 17, Number 04, April 2010

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-01

not assigned to the AFHSC to submit reports for publication in the MSMR. Suitable reports include surveillance summaries, outbreak reports , and case ...not accounted for in this report . Also, many injury and poisoning-related hospitalizations occur in non-military hospitals; in most cases , the...and complex medical and psychological complications. In such cases , only the fi rst-listed discharge diagnosis would be accounted for in this report

48 CFR 9904.414-50 - Techniques for application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the case of process cost accounting systems, the contracting parties may agree to substitute an.... 9904.414-50 Section 9904.414-50 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD... ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.414-50 Techniques for application. (a) The investment...

Teaching Literacy through Social Studies under No Child Left Behind

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pace, Judy

2012-01-01

High stakes accountability has intensified the marginalization of social studies in public schools. A popular response to the dilemma between raising achievement in English Language Arts and preserving social studies is to integrate the two subjects. This qualitative case study analyzes instruction in a fifth grade urban classroom where the…

Reported Influence of Evaluation Data on Decision Makers' Actions: An Empirical Examination

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Christie, Christina A.

2007-01-01

Using a set of scenarios derived from actual evaluation studies, this simulation study examines the reported influence of evaluation information on decision makers' potential actions. Each scenario described a context where one of three types of evaluation information (large-scale study data, case study data, or anecdotal accounts) is presented…

How "accountable" are accountable care organizations?

PubMed

Addicott, Rachael; Shortell, Stephen M

2014-01-01

The establishment of accountable care organizations (ACOs) in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was intended to support both cost savings and high-quality care. However, a key challenge will be to ensure that governance and accountability mechanisms are sufficient to support those twin ambitions. This exploratory study considers how recently developed ACOs have established governance structures and accountability mechanisms, particularly focusing on attempts at collaborative accountability and shared governance arrangements. Four case studies of ACOs across the United States were undertaken, with data collected throughout 2012. These involved 34 semistructured interviews with ACO administrative and clinical leaders, observation of nine meetings, and a review of documentary materials from each ACO. We identified very few examples of physicians being held to account as a collective and therefore only limited evidence of collaborative accountability impacting on behavior change. However, ACO leaders do have many mechanisms available to stimulate change across physicians. The challenge is to determine governance structure(s) and accountability mechanisms that facilitate the most effective combination of approaches, measures, incentives, and sanctions to achieve the goals of more accountable care. Accountability structures and processes will need to be tailored to local membership composition, historical evolution, and current stage of development. There are also some common lessons to be drawn. Shared goals and incentives should be reflected through performance criteria. It is important to align measures and thresholds across payers to ensure ACOs are not unnecessarily burdened or compromised by reporting on different and potentially disjointed measures. Finally, emphasis needs to be placed on the importance of credible, transparent data. This exploratory study provides early evidence regarding how ACOs are establishing their governance and accountability arrangements and provides a foundation for future research and theory-building in this area.

A case-control study of diesel exhaust exposure and bladder cancer.

PubMed

Wynder, E L; Dieck, G S; Hall, N E; Lahti, H

1985-08-01

The relationship between bladder cancer and employment in occupations involving exposure to diesel exhaust was examined using data from a hospital-based case-control study of men aged 20 to 80 years in 18 hospitals in six U.S. cities, from January 1981 to May 1983. In this analysis, 194 cases and 582 controls were compared according to occupation, smoking history, alcohol and coffee consumption, and various demographic variables. No difference was found in the proportion of bladder cancer cases employed in occupations with exposure to diesel exhaust compared to controls. This relationship did not change after taking smoking habits into account. Bladder cancer cases were significantly more likely to be current smokers of cigarettes than were controls.

Towards a computational- and algorithmic-level account of concept blending using analogies and amalgams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Besold, Tarek R.; Kühnberger, Kai-Uwe; Plaza, Enric

2017-10-01

Concept blending - a cognitive process which allows for the combination of certain elements (and their relations) from originally distinct conceptual spaces into a new unified space combining these previously separate elements, and enables reasoning and inference over the combination - is taken as a key element of creative thought and combinatorial creativity. In this article, we summarise our work towards the development of a computational-level and algorithmic-level account of concept blending, combining approaches from computational analogy-making and case-based reasoning (CBR). We present the theoretical background, as well as an algorithmic proposal integrating higher-order anti-unification matching and generalisation from analogy with amalgams from CBR. The feasibility of the approach is then exemplified in two case studies.

Complexity, signal detection, and the application of ergonomics: reflections on a healthcare case study.

PubMed

Dekker, Sidney

2012-05-01

Complexity is a defining characteristic of healthcare, and ergonomic interventions in clinical practice need to take into account aspects vital for the success or failure of new technology. The introduction of new monitoring technology, for example, creates many ripple effects through clinical relationships and agents' cross-adaptations. This paper uses the signal detection paradigm to account for a case in which multiple clinical decision makers, across power hierarchies and gender gaps, manipulate each others' sensitivities to evidence and decision criteria. These are possible to analyze and predict with an applied ergonomics that is sensitive to the social complexities of the workplace, including power, gender, hierarchy and fuzzy system boundaries. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.

Accountable to whom, for what? An exploration of the early development of Clinical Commissioning Groups in the English NHS.

PubMed

Checkland, Kath; Allen, Pauline; Coleman, Anna; Segar, Julia; McDermott, Imelda; Harrison, Stephen; Petsoulas, Christina; Peckham, Stephen

2013-12-10

One of the key goals of the current reforms in the English National Health Service (NHS) under the Health and Social Care Act, 2012, is to increase the accountability of those responsible for commissioning care for patients (clinical commissioning groups (CCGs)), while at the same time allowing them a greater autonomy. This study was set out to explore CCG's developing accountability relationships. We carried out detailed case studies in eight CCGs, using interviews, observation and documentary analysis to explore their multiple accountabilities. We interviewed 91 people, including general practitioners, managers and governing body members in developing CCGs, and undertook 439 h of observation in a wide variety of meetings. CCGs are subject to a managerial, sanction-backed accountability to NHS England (the highest tier in the new organisational hierarchy), alongside a number of other external accountabilities to the public and to some of the other new organisations created by the reforms. In addition, unlike their predecessor commissioning organisations, they are subject to complex internal accountabilities to their members. The accountability regime to which CCGs are subject to is considerably more complex than that which applied their predecessor organisations. It remains to be seen whether the twin aspirations of increased autonomy and increased accountability can be realised in practice. However, this early study raises some important issues and concerns, including the risk that the different bodies to whom CCGs are accountable will have differing (or conflicting) agendas, and the lack of clarity over the operation of sanction regimes.

Accountable to whom, for what? An exploration of the early development of Clinical Commissioning Groups in the English NHS

PubMed Central

Checkland, Kath; Allen, Pauline; Coleman, Anna; Segar, Julia; McDermott, Imelda; Harrison, Stephen; Petsoulas, Christina; Peckham, Stephen

2013-01-01

Objective One of the key goals of the current reforms in the English National Health Service (NHS) under the Health and Social Care Act, 2012, is to increase the accountability of those responsible for commissioning care for patients (clinical commissioning groups (CCGs)), while at the same time allowing them a greater autonomy. This study was set out to explore CCG's developing accountability relationships. Design We carried out detailed case studies in eight CCGs, using interviews, observation and documentary analysis to explore their multiple accountabilities. Setting/participants We interviewed 91 people, including general practitioners, managers and governing body members in developing CCGs, and undertook 439 h of observation in a wide variety of meetings. Results CCGs are subject to a managerial, sanction-backed accountability to NHS England (the highest tier in the new organisational hierarchy), alongside a number of other external accountabilities to the public and to some of the other new organisations created by the reforms. In addition, unlike their predecessor commissioning organisations, they are subject to complex internal accountabilities to their members. Conclusions The accountability regime to which CCGs are subject to is considerably more complex than that which applied their predecessor organisations. It remains to be seen whether the twin aspirations of increased autonomy and increased accountability can be realised in practice. However, this early study raises some important issues and concerns, including the risk that the different bodies to whom CCGs are accountable will have differing (or conflicting) agendas, and the lack of clarity over the operation of sanction regimes. PMID:24327362

The effect of secondhand smoke exposure on the association between active cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer

PubMed Central

Peppone, Luke J.; Reid, Mary E.; Moysich, Kirsten B.; Morrow, Gary R.; Jean-Pierre, Pascal; Mohile, Supriya G.; Darling, Tom V.; Hyland, Andrew

2011-01-01

Background Studies published prior to 1980 failed to find an association between smoking and colorectal cancer, while subsequent studies reported an association after accounting for a three to four decade initiation period. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of accounting for secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure on the association between smoking and colorectal cancer and to determine the association between SHS and colorectal cancer. Methods Approximately 1,200 colorectal cancer cases treated at Roswell Park Cancer Institute between 1982 and 1998 were matched to 2,400 malignancy-free controls. The effect of accounting for SHS exposure was determined by comparing the odds ratios (OR) for each smoking variable in the overall sample and then for those who reported no current SHS exposure. Results A small, significant increase in colorectal cancer odds was noted for heavy, long-term smoking males when not accounting for SHS exposure (>45 PY: OR = 1.34; 95% CI 1.04–1.72). OR increased when the analyses were restricted to individuals reporting no current SHS exposure (>45 PY: OR = 2.40; 95% CI 1.36–4.23). Conclusions Accounting for SHS exposure resulted in a substantial increase in the odds of colorectal cancer for all smoking variables in this study. Future studies should account for SHS exposure when examining the association between smoking and colorectal cancer. PMID:20376547

Where's the problem? Considering Laing and Esterson's account of schizophrenia, social models of disability, and extended mental disorder.

PubMed

Cooper, Rachel

2017-08-01

In this article, I compare and evaluate R. D. Laing and A. Esterson's account of schizophrenia as developed in Sanity, Madness and the Family (1964), social models of disability, and accounts of extended mental disorder. These accounts claim that some putative disorders (schizophrenia, disability, certain mental disorders) should not be thought of as reflecting biological or psychological dysfunction within the afflicted individual, but instead as external problems (to be located in the family, or in the material and social environment). In this article, I consider the grounds on which such claims might be supported. I argue that problems should not be located within an individual putative patient in cases where there is some acceptable test environment in which there is no problem. A number of cases where such an argument can show that there is no internal disorder are discussed. I argue, however, that Laing and Esterson's argument-that schizophrenia is not within diagnosed patients-does not work. The problem with their argument is that they fail to show that the diagnosed women in their study function adequately in any environment.

Mobile phone use, exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic field, and brain tumour: a case-control study.

PubMed

Takebayashi, T; Varsier, N; Kikuchi, Y; Wake, K; Taki, M; Watanabe, S; Akiba, S; Yamaguchi, N

2008-02-12

In a case-control study in Japan of brain tumours in relation to mobile phone use, we used a novel approach for estimating the specific absorption rate (SAR) inside the tumour, taking account of spatial relationships between tumour localisation and intracranial radiofrequency distribution. Personal interviews were carried out with 88 patients with glioma, 132 with meningioma, and 102 with pituitary adenoma (322 cases in total), and with 683 individually matched controls. All maximal SAR values were below 0.1 W kg(-1), far lower than the level at which thermal effects may occur, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for regular mobile phone users being 1.22 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63-2.37) for glioma and 0.70 (0.42-1.16) for meningioma. When the maximal SAR value inside the tumour tissue was accounted for in the exposure indices, the overall OR was again not increased and there was no significant trend towards an increasing OR in relation to SAR-derived exposure indices. A non-significant increase in OR among glioma patients in the heavily exposed group may reflect recall bias.

Student Self Governance: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Deegan, William L.

1974-01-01

Reports on a study which reviewed student successes and failures in an on-going student controlled program, where accountability, persistence and continuing commitment were required. Several conclusions are presented and weaknesses noted in these programs, many of which can be seen in faculty and administrative programs, too. (Author/PC)

FLIPPED: A Case Study in Fundamental of Accounting in Malaysian Polytechnic

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jamaludin, Rozinah; Osman, Siti Zuraidah Md; Yusof, Wan Mustaffa Wan; Jasni, Nur Farrah Azwa

2016-01-01

The new pedagogical flipped classroom was designed, developed and implemented using Flexible environments, Learning culture, Intentional content, Professional educators, Progressive activities, Engaging experiences, and Diversified platforms, also known as the FLIPPED model. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of student…

What, How and Why? A Multi-Dimensional Case Analysis of the Challenges Facing Native and Non- Native EFL Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Demir, Yusuf

2017-01-01

On a multifaceted basis, this paper explores the challenges experienced by native and non-native English language teachers (NESTs and NNESTs) in a tertiary-level EFL setting in Turkey. Adopting a qualitative case study design, the data were gathered from five NESTs through interviews and from five NNESTs through hand-written accounts based on the…

Popular Video Cartoons and Associated Branded Toys in Teaching English to Very Young Learners: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prosic-Santovac, Danijela

2017-01-01

When teaching foreign languages to very young learners, motivation is an issue that needs to be taken into account even more than in the case of any other age group. Teaching materials and students' textbooks used in schools and preschools, however carefully crafted, often fail to cater for the genuine interests of children and to invoke intrinsic…

How automated access verification can help organizations demonstrate HIPAA compliance: A case study.

PubMed

Hill, Linda

2006-01-01

This case study of Sharp HealthCare takes an in depth look at how the organization has embedded security policies into its business process and automated workflow to ensure users are granted only the IT access that is necessary for them to perform their jobs and to ensure patient privacy Some of the most pressing audit and compliance concerns in healthcare organizations today revolve around the need to constantly review and give an account for users' IT access. The need for this at Sharp is exacerbated because of the high rate of change within the organization and the large percentage of non-employee staff such as traveling nurses moving throughout hospital departments on their rotations. By implementing a software solution to verify the accuracy of user access rights or automatically initiate appropriate corrective actions, Sharp is now able to extend the responsibility and accountability for compliance to the most appropriate resources.

The impact of international experience on student nurses' personal and professional development.

PubMed

Lee, N-J

2004-06-01

Many student nurses undertake international clinical experience during their education programmes, which raises the question 'How do these experiences impact on students nurses' personal and professional development?' A case study was conducted in one School of Nursing in the United Kingdom. Student nurses participating in a new module, International Nursing and Health Care, which included clinical experience overseas, gave qualitative accounts of their international experiences and subsequent learning. Their accounts were also compared with the perceptions and expectations of the module facilitators. While there were some similarities in student experience and facilitator expectations, there were also notable differences. The students believed that their international experiences had a deep impact on their personal development, helping them make the transition from student to qualified nurse. The case study raised further questions about the acquisition of cultural knowledge and the facilitation and provision of learning from experience.

Trust-Guided Behavior Adaptation Using Case-Based Reasoning

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-01

the same behaviors were evaluated in each set. To account for this, the similarity function looks at the overlap between the two sets and ignores...interruptions would reduce the cost of case genera- tion. 6 Related Work Existing approaches for measuring inverse trust differ from our own in that...where a case- based reasoning system considers the reliability of a case’s source, also takes trust into account . Our work also has sim- ilarities

Incorporating Demand and Supply Constraints into Economic Evaluations in Low‐Income and Middle‐Income Countries

PubMed Central

Mangham‐Jefferies, Lindsay; Gomez, Gabriela B.; Pitt, Catherine; Foster, Nicola

2016-01-01

Abstract Global guidelines for new technologies are based on cost and efficacy data from a limited number of trial locations. Country‐level decision makers need to consider whether cost‐effectiveness analysis used to inform global guidelines are sufficient for their situation or whether to use models that adjust cost‐effectiveness results taking into account setting‐specific epidemiological and cost heterogeneity. However, demand and supply constraints will also impact cost‐effectiveness by influencing the standard of care and the use and implementation of any new technology. These constraints may also vary substantially by setting. We present two case studies of economic evaluations of the introduction of new diagnostics for malaria and tuberculosis control. These case studies are used to analyse how the scope of economic evaluations of each technology expanded to account for and then address demand and supply constraints over time. We use these case studies to inform a conceptual framework that can be used to explore the characteristics of intervention complexity and the influence of demand and supply constraints. Finally, we describe a number of feasible steps that researchers who wish to apply our framework in cost‐effectiveness analyses. PMID:26786617

Pattern of glomerular diseases in Oman: a study based on light microscopy and immunofluorescence.

PubMed

Alwahaibi, Nasar Yousuf; Alhabsi, Taiseer Ahmed; Alrawahi, Samira Abdullah

2013-03-01

Light microscopy and immunofluorescence play an important part in the final diagnosis of renal biopsy. The aim of this study was to analyze the pattern of various glomerular diseases in Oman. A total of 424 renal biopsies were retrospectively analyzed at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital between 1999 and 2010. Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), minimal change disease (MCD), membranous glomerulopathy (MGN) and IgA nephropathy were the most common primary glomerular diseases encountered, accounting for 21.2%, 17%, 12.3% and 8.3%, respectively, of all cases. Lupus nephritis was the most common secondary glomerular disease and was the most prevalent among all biopsies, accounting for 30.4% of all biopsies. Amyloidosis was seen in only two cases. The presence of fluorescein isothiocyanatefibrin in all renal cases was low when compared with IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and C1q markers. In conclusion, based on the findings of this study, lupus nephritis was the most common of all glomerular diseases and FSGS was the most common primary glomerular disease. The importance of fluorescein isothiocyanate-fibrin in the diagnosis of renal biopsy needs to be further investigated.

The Russo-Williamson Theses in the social sciences: causal inference drawing on two types of evidence.

PubMed

Claveau, François

2012-12-01

This article examines two theses formulated by Russo and Williamson (2007) in their study of causal inference in the health sciences. The two theses are assessed against evidence from a specific case in the social sciences, i.e., research on the institutional determinants of the aggregate unemployment rate. The first Russo-Williamson Thesis is that a causal claim can only be established when it is jointly supported by difference-making and mechanistic evidence. This thesis is shown not to hold. While researchers in my case study draw extensively on both types of evidence, one causal claim out of the three analyzed is established even though it is exclusively supported by mechanistic evidence. The second Russo-Williamson Thesis is that standard accounts of causality fail to handle the dualist epistemology highlighted in the first Thesis. I argue that a counterfactual-manipulationist account of causality--which is endorsed by many philosophers as well as many social scientists--can perfectly make sense of the typical strategy in my case study to draw on both difference-making and mechanistic evidence; it is just an instance of the common strategy of increasing evidential variety. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

75 FR 34291 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2005-42; Small Entity Compliance Guide

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-16

............ Disclosure and Consistency of Cost 2009-025 Chambers. Accounting Practices for Contracts Awarded to Foreign... of Cost Accounting Practices for Contracts Awarded to Foreign Concerns (FAR Case 2009-025) (Interim... Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) Board clause, Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices...

24 CFR 891.545 - Completion of project, cost certification, and HUD approvals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Public Accountant or independent public accountant acceptable to the field office. (3) In the case of.... The simplified cost certification shall be verified by an independent Certified Public Accountant or an independent public accountant in a manner acceptable to the Secretary. (d) If the Borrower's...

Developing Accounting Students' Listening Skills: Barriers, Opportunities and an Integrated Stakeholder Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stone, Gerard; Lightbody, Margaret; Whait, Rob

2013-01-01

Accountants and employers of accounting graduates consider listening to be among the most important communication skills that graduates possess. However, accounting education practices that develop students' listening skills are uncommon. Further, in the case of listening development, the current approach of prescribing that educators do more to…

[Causes of vocal cord dyscinesia and its original factors after endotracheal intubation].

PubMed

Sun, Anke; Zhang, Tiezheng; Liu, Wenyuan; Tang, Weiwei; Guo, Xiaohong

2012-03-01

To research the causes of postintubation vocal cord dyskinesia and its contributing factors. The causes of vocal cord dyskinesia were confirmed by laryngoscope, three-dimensional spiral CT, stroboscope, and the analysis of therapy. The factors relevant to the causes of vocal cord dyskinesia were analysed based on the following elements: (1) the anatomic or pathological condition of patients or the technical skills of anesthetists. (2) emaciated or obese body and neck. (3) the age of patients. (4) the duration of endotracheal tube retention. (5) the types of operations. (6) anesthesia procedure. Among 135 patients, 128 cases (94.81%) manifested arytenoid dislocation, 7 cases (5.19%) vocal cord paralysis. The study showed that the vocal cord dyskinesia associated with anatomic or pathological condition of patients and technical skills of anesthetists (with intubation difficulty) accounted for 76.30%. The patients with relative emaciated body or neck accounted for 90.62% in cases without intubation difficulty. Age had no significant analytical relationship with vocal cord dyskinesia. Prolonged intubation (endotracheal tube retention over 12 hours) was accounted for only 17.64%. The incidence of vocal cord dyskinesia was nearly 0.5% in patients underwent cardio-thoracic surgery, accounting for 59.26% of all the patients. There are two major causes of vocal cord dyskinesia: arytenoid dislocation and vocal cord paralysis, and the rate of vocal cord dyskinesia could be reduced by the improvement of technical skill of anesthetists and/or sufficient attention to the intubation condition of patients.

Prevalence and Survival Patterns of Patients with Bone Metastasis from Common Cancers in Thailand.

PubMed

Phanphaisarn, Areerak; Patumanond, Jayantorn; Settakorn, Jongkolnee; Chaiyawat, Parunya; Klangjorhor, Jeerawan; Pruksakorn, Dumnoensun

2016-01-01

Bone metastasis is a single condition but presents with various patterns and severities. Skeletal- related events (SREs) deteriorate overall performance status and reduce quality of life. However, guidelines for early detection and management are limited. This study includes a survey of the prevalence of bone metastasis in cases with common cancers in Thailand as well as a focus on survival patterns and SREs. A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using a database of the Chiang Mai Cancer Registry and the Musculoskeletal Tumor Registry of the OLARN Center, Chiang Mai University. The prevalence of bone metastasis from each type of primary cancer was noted and time-to-event analysis was performed to estimate cancer survival rates after bone metastasis. There were 29,447 cases of the ten most common cancers in Thailand, accounting for 82.2% of the entire cancer registry entries during the study period. Among those cases, there were 2,263 with bone metastases, accounting for 7.68% of entries. Bone metastasis from lung, liver, breast, cervix and prostate are common in the Thai population, accounting for 83.4% of all positive cases. The median survival time of all was 6 months. Of the bone metastases, 48.9% required therapeutic intervention, including treatment of spinal cord and nerve root compression, pathological fractures, and bone pain. The frequency of the top five types of bone metastasis in Thailand were different from the frequencies in other countries, but corresponded to the relative prevalence of the cancers in Thailand and osteophilic properties of each cancer. The results of this study support the establishment of country specific guidelines for primary cancer identification with skeletal lesions of unknown origin. In addition, further clinical studies of the top five bone metastases should be performed to develop guidelines for optimal patient management during palliative care.

An Immunohistochemical Study of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

PubMed Central

Verma, Sonal; Kumari, Malti; Mehrotra, Raj; Kushwaha, R A S; Goel, Madhumati; Kumar, Ashutosh; Kant, Surya

2017-01-01

Introduction Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related death. Targeted treatment for specific markers may help in reducing the cancer related morbidity and mortality. Aim To study expression of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutations in patients of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer NSCLC, that are the targets for specific ALK inhibitors and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Materials and Methods Total 69 cases of histologically diagnosed NSCLC were examined retrospectively for immunohistochemical expression of EGFR and ALK, along with positive control of normal placental tissue and anaplastic large cell lymphoma respectively. Results Of the NSCLC, Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) accounted for 71.0% and adenocarcinoma was 26.1%. ALK expression was seen in single case of 60-year-old female, non-smoker with adenocarcinoma histology. EGFR expression was seen in both SCC (59.18%) and adenocarcinoma in (77.78%) accounting for 63.77% of all cases. Both ALK and EGFR mutation were mutually exclusive. Conclusion EGFR expression was seen in 63.77% of cases, highlighting the importance of its use in routine analysis, for targeted therapy and better treatment results. Although, ALK expression was seen in 1.45% of all cases, it is an important biomarker in targeted cancer therapy. Also, the mutually exclusive expression of these two markers need further studies to develop a diagnostic algorithm for NSCLC patients. PMID:28892905

Principals' Instructional Leadership within a Teacher Performance Appraisal System: Enhancing Students' Academic Success

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ovando, Martha N.; Ramirez, Alfredo, Jr.

2007-01-01

The purpose of this study was to identify principals' instructional leadership actions within a comprehensive teacher evaluation system in successful schools rated as recognized or exemplary by the accountability measures in place. The study followed a multiple case study approach. Participants included six school administrators within the same…

LAS

Science.gov Websites

Water Rights Information Enter Account Number (File Type and File Number). File Type: File Number: See mining claims bills! To make a payment by credit card or from your bank account, click here. Case, Land , and Water Information Search Records Display Case File Information Display Land Information Display

The other shoe drops--FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) issues its proposed statement on employers' accounting for postretirement medical benefits.

PubMed

Melbinger, M S

1989-06-01

The Financial Accounting Standards Board recently issued an exposure draft dealing with employers' accounting for postretirement medical or life insurance benefits. Mr. Melbinger explains the implications of these proposed changes in accounting procedures and discusses the status of case law dealing with employers' rights to modify or terminate retiree medical coverage.

Ecosystem accounts define explicit and spatial trade-offs for managing natural resources.

PubMed

Keith, Heather; Vardon, Michael; Stein, John A; Stein, Janet L; Lindenmayer, David

2017-11-01

Decisions about natural resource management are frequently complex and vexed, often leading to public policy compromises. Discord between environmental and economic metrics creates problems in assessing trade-offs between different current or potential resource uses. Ecosystem accounts, which quantify ecosystems and their benefits for human well-being consistent with national economic accounts, provide exciting opportunities to contribute significantly to the policy process. We advanced the application of ecosystem accounts in a regional case study by explicitly and spatially linking impacts of human and natural activities on ecosystem assets and services to their associated industries. This demonstrated contributions of ecosystems beyond the traditional national accounts. Our results revealed that native forests would provide greater benefits from their ecosystem services of carbon sequestration, water yield, habitat provisioning and recreational amenity if harvesting for timber production ceased, thus allowing forests to continue growing to older ages.

Scientific progress: Knowledge versus understanding.

PubMed

Dellsén, Finnur

2016-04-01

What is scientific progress? On Alexander Bird's epistemic account of scientific progress, an episode in science is progressive precisely when there is more scientific knowledge at the end of the episode than at the beginning. Using Bird's epistemic account as a foil, this paper develops an alternative understanding-based account on which an episode in science is progressive precisely when scientists grasp how to correctly explain or predict more aspects of the world at the end of the episode than at the beginning. This account is shown to be superior to the epistemic account by examining cases in which knowledge and understanding come apart. In these cases, it is argued that scientific progress matches increases in scientific understanding rather than accumulations of knowledge. In addition, considerations having to do with minimalist idealizations, pragmatic virtues, and epistemic value all favor this understanding-based account over its epistemic counterpart. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Investigating the governance of autonomous public hospitals in England: multi-site case study of NHS foundation trusts.

PubMed

Allen, Pauline; Keen, Justin; Wright, John; Dempster, Paul; Townsend, Jean; Hutchings, Andrew; Street, Andrew; Verzulli, Rossella

2012-04-01

To investigate the external and internal governance of NHS foundation trusts (FTs), which have increased autonomy, and local members and governors unlike other NHS trusts. In depth, three-year case studies of four FTs; and analysis of national quantitative data on all FT hospitals and NHS Trust hospitals to give national context. Data included 111 interviews with managers, clinicians, governors and members, and local purchasers; observation of meetings; and analysis of FTs' documents. The four case study FTs were similar to other FTs. They had used their increased autonomy to develop more business-like practices. The FT regulator, Monitor, intervened only when there were reported problems in FT performance. National targets applying to the NHS also had a large effect on FT behaviour. FTs saw themselves as part of the local health economy and tried to maintain good relationships with local organisations. Relationships between governors and the FTs' executives were still developing, and not all governors felt able to hold their FT to account. The skills and experience of staff members and governors were under-used in the new governance structures. It is easier to increase autonomy for public hospitals than to increase local accountability. Hospital managers are likely to be interested in making decisions with less central government control, whilst mechanisms for local accountability are notoriously difficult to design and operate. Further consideration of internal governance of FTs is needed. In a deteriorating financial climate, FTs should be better placed to make savings, due to their more business-like practices.

Computerization of School Administration: Impact on the Principal's Role--A Case Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Telem, Moshe

2001-01-01

Describes a study at an Israeli high school that investigated changes in the principal's role as the result of the introduction of a school management information system (SMIS). Discusses information handling and flow, interrelations with teachers, accountability, instruction evaluation, supervision, feedback, frequency of meetings, and shared…

Affective Influences in the Knowledge of Mathematics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gomez-Chacon, Ines Maria

2000-01-01

Proposes a model to study the interaction between cognition and affect in mathematics. Develops important dimensions related to affect and cognition. Explains the importance of taking into account such dimensions in this kind of research, referring to students who are failing academically through a case study. (Contains 21 references.) (Author/ASK)

Faculty Members' Views of Effective Teaching: A Case Study of Qatar University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Al-Thani, Alanood Mubarak; Al-Meghaissib, Latifa A. Aziz A. A.; Nosair, Mohamed Ragab Abdelhakeem Ali

2016-01-01

Effective teaching (ET) has recently drawn attention within higher educational intuitions owing to the need for greater accountability, and high quality learning outcomes. The present study investigated Qatar University faculty member's (QUFM) perception of ET, characteristics, practices, and impediment, by assembling data from a cluster sample of…

Undergraduate Students' Performance: The Case of University of Malaya

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alfan, Ervina; Othman, Md Nor

2005-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the undergraduate students' performance in the Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya and the factors influencing the performance of the undergraduate students. Design/methodology/approach: The performance of the undergraduate students in this study is measured by their…

Drug Does Not Improve Set of Cardiovascular Outcomes for Diastolic Heart Failure

MedlinePlus

... preserved systolic function, is a common heart condition accounting for about half of all heart failure cases. ... study showed that participants enrolled via elevated BNP measurements who received spironolactone fared better in the composite ...

How the Ethnography of Communication Provides Resources for Design

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leighter, James L.; Rudnick, Lisa; Edmonds, Theresa J.

2013-01-01

Designing solutions to social problems requires some degree of interpretive accountability to the sociocultural systems in which design solutions must live. Our case studies show how ethnography of communication research generates distinctive resources for design. (Contains 5 notes.)

Firearm-related mortality: a review of four hundred-forty four deaths in Diyarbakir, Turkey between 1996 and 2001.

PubMed

Goren, Suleyman; Subasi, Mehmet; Tirasci, Yasar; Kemaloglu, Serdar

2003-11-01

The current study is based on a retrospective investigation of firearm deaths in Diyarbakir, which were autopsied by the Diyarbakir Branch of the Council of Forensic Medicine during the 6- year period. Four hundred-forty four deaths were investigated from January 1996 through December 2001, including homicide (296 cases, 66.7%), suicide (120 cases, 27%) and accidental shootings (28 cases, 6.3%). The age range of all firearm deaths in the study period was 5 to 75 years with a median age of 29.8 years. The majority were in the groups aged 16-25 years (38.7%). In the homicide group, 248 subjects (83.8%) were male, and 48 (16.2%) were female. The 31.1% of the homicide victims were in the group aged at 20-30 years. Of the 120 suicide victims, 56 (46.7%) were in the group aged 16-20 years. The head was by far the favoured site, accounting for 82 (68.3%) deaths: entry wounds in the right temple accounted for 72 of these. Twenty-eight cases were accidental shootings and 18 of them were male (64.3%). Twelve of the 28 accidental victims (42.9%) were in the group aged 0-10 years. The eight cases were due to their own accidental shootings, and the remaining 20 cases were shot by others. Our findings show that the contributing factors for increasing death by firearm are terrorists' activities, traditional habits of obtaining and using guns and blood feuds.

Tinea capitis and tinea faciei in the Zurich area - an 8-year survey of trends in the epidemiology and treatment patterns.

PubMed

Kieliger, S; Glatz, M; Cozzio, A; Bosshard, P P

2015-08-01

Tinea capitis and tinea faciei are dermatophyte infections of the scalp and glabrous skin of the face affecting mainly prepubertal children. During the past 30 years, a significant increase and a change in the pattern of infectious agents has been noted for tinea capitis. The aim of this study was to determine trends in the current epidemiological situation of tinea capitis and tinea faciei in the Zurich area, Switzerland and adjacent Central and Eastern Switzerland. Consecutive cases diagnosed between 2006 and 2013 were studied retrospectively. A total of 90 tinea capitis and 40 tinea faciei cases were observed. Anthropophilic isolates (primarily Trichophyton violaceum and Microsporum audouinii) accounted for 76% of tinea capitis cases. In contrast, zoophilic isolates (primarily T. interdigitale) were responsible for 73% of tinea faciei cases. The peak incidence in both conditions was in 4-8 year-old children. While the annual number of tinea faciei cases remained stable over the past 8 years, a trend for an increase in T. violaceum-positive tinea capitis has been observed. This was mainly due to patients of African ethnicity. Anthropophilic isolates accounted for three quarters of tinea capitis and one quarter of tinea faciei cases. T. violaceum-positive tinea capitis was primarily linked to patients of African ethnicity. Tinea capitis caused by Microsporum spp. was more refractory to therapy and needed longer treatment than Trichophyton spp.-induced infection. © 2014 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.

[Epidemiological characteristics of enterovirus type 71 diseases].

PubMed

Gan, Zhengkai; Li, Jingxin; Meng, Fanyue; Hu, Yuemei; Yao, Xuejun; Zhang, Xuefeng; Zhu, Fengcai

2015-01-01

The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of disease caused by enterovirus type 71. A total of 10 158 children aged between 6 and 35 months, were recruited from 7 sites where EV71 inactivated vaccine phase 3 clinical trial was carried out. All the subjects were followed up to one year to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of the disease caused by EV71. The accumulate incidence density of disease caused by EV71 was 15.17/1 000 person-year. Of all the cases, hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), herpangina, respiratory system diseases, digestive system diseases and other diseases accounted for 82.00%, 2.67%, 13.33%, 1.33% and 0.67%, respectively. The difference of the incidence density between boys and girls showed no statistical significance. Majority of the patients were between 12 and 23 months of age, which accounted for 58.67% of the total patients. The differences of incidence density between different months of age were statistically significant (χ(2) = 7.789, P = 0.020). The peak incidence density of disease caused by EV71 occurred from April to June. Nine cases showed severe symptoms or signs that accounted for 6.00% of all the cases. All severe cases were identified as HFMD, of which 7 were boys and 2 were girls. The number of severe cases in different months of age appeared to be 1, 7, and 1, all occurred between April and June. The median courses of HFMD cases and non-HFMD cases were 9 and 6 days, with difference statistically significant (Z = -4.000, P < 0.001). Median of excretion cycle for HFMD and non-HFMD cases were 9 and 11 days respectively. But with no statistically significant difference between the two. Majority of the disease that caused by EV71 appeared as HFMD. Most of them were younger children and with seasonal variation.

HPV prevalence and genotypes in different histological subtypes of cervical adenocarcinoma, a worldwide analysis of 760 cases.

PubMed

Pirog, Edyta C; Lloveras, Belen; Molijn, Anco; Tous, Sara; Guimerà, Núria; Alejo, Maria; Clavero, Omar; Klaustermeier, Joellen; Jenkins, David; Quint, Wim Gv; Xavier Bosch, Francesc; Alemany, Laia; de Sanjosé, Silvia

2014-12-01

The goal of our study was to provide comprehensive data on the worldwide human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution in patients with invasive cervical adenocarcinoma in correlation with histologic tumor subtypes, geographical location, patients' age, and duration of sample storage. Paraffin-embedded samples of 760 cervical adenocarcinoma cases were collected worldwide. A three-level pathology review of cases was performed to obtain consensus histologic diagnoses and 682 cases were determined to be eligible for further analysis. HPV DNA detection and genotyping was performed using SPF-10/DEIA/LiPA(25) system (version 1). Classic cervical adenocarcinoma accounted for 83.1% of cases, while rare histological variants accounted for a few percent of cases individually. HPV positivity varied significantly between the different histologic tumor subtypes. Classic cervical adenocarcinoma showed high HPV positivity (71.8%), while other adenocarcinoma types had significantly lower HPV prevalence (endometrioid 27.3%, serous 25%, clear cell 20%, not otherwise specified 13.9%, and minimal deviation 8.3%). In all, 91.8% of HPV-positive tumors showed the presence of a single viral type and in 7% of cases multiple viral types were detected. Three HPV genotypes, HPV 16, 18, and 45, dominated in all adenocarcinomas and together accounted for 94.1% of HPV-positive tumors. HPV16 was the most common and found in 50.9% of HPV-positive cases, followed by HPV18 (31.6%) and HPV45 (11.6%). HPV prevalence varied depending on geographical region, patient age, and sample storage time. Tumors from older patients and tumor samples with longer storage time showed lower HPV prevalence. Our results indicate that HPV vaccines may prevent up to 82.5% (HPV16/18) and up to 95.3% (9-valent vaccine) of HPV-positive cervical adenocarcinomas, mostly the classic type. HPV testing and vaccination will not provide full coverage for a very small subset of classical adenocarcinomas and most of the rare tumor variants such as clear cell, serous, endometrioid, and minimal deviation.

The Use of State and Local Law Enforcement for Immigration Enforcement under Federal Authority 287(G): A Case Study Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

present foreign nationals.”71 However, Chief George Gascon of Mesa , AZ, took issue with those who contend that illegal immigrants are responsible...serious crime in Mesa . The problem with this assertion is that it is not supported by the facts.” Specifically, Gascon wrote, Hispanics–whether legally...in this country or not–accounted for 31.6 percent of all arrests in Mesa , and accounted for approximately 30 percent of the city’s population.72

Building blocks for social accountability: a conceptual framework to guide medical schools.

PubMed

Preston, Robyn; Larkins, Sarah; Taylor, Judy; Judd, Jenni

2016-08-26

This paper presents a conceptual framework developed from empirical evidence, to guide medical schools aspiring towards greater social accountability. Using a multiple case study approach, seventy-five staff, students, health sector representatives and community members, associated with four medical schools, participated in semi-structured interviews. Two schools were in Australia and two were in the Philippines. These schools were selected because they were aspiring to be socially accountable. Data was collected through on-site visits, field notes and a documentary review. Abductive analysis involved both deductive and inductive iterative theming of the data both within and across cases. The conceptual framework for socially accountable medical education was built from analyzing the internal and external factors influencing the selected medical schools. These factors became the building blocks that might be necessary to assist movement to social accountability. The strongest factor was the demands of the local workforce situation leading to innovative educational programs established with or without government support. The values and professional experiences of leaders, staff and health sector representatives, influenced whether the organizational culture of a school was conducive to social accountability. The wider institutional environment and policies of their universities affected this culture and the resourcing of programs. Membership of a coalition of socially accountable medical schools created a community of learning and legitimized local practice. Communities may not have recognized their own importance but they were fundamental for socially accountable practices. The bedrock of social accountability, that is, the foundation for all building blocks, is shared values and aspirations congruent with social accountability. These values and aspirations are both a philosophical understanding for innovation and a practical application at the health systems and education levels. While many of these building blocks are similar to those conceptualized in social accountability theory, this conceptual framework is informed by what happens in practice - empirical evidence rather than prescriptions. Consequently it is valuable in that it puts some theoretical thinking around everyday practice in specific contexts; addressing a gap in the medical education literature. The building blocks framework includes guidelines for social accountable practice that can be applied at policy, school and individual levels.

26 CFR 1.446-1 - General rule for methods of accounting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... books. For requirement respecting the adoption or change of accounting method, see section 446(e) and... taxpayer to adopt or change to a method of accounting permitted by this chapter although the method is not..., which require the prior approval of the Commissioner in the case of changes in accounting method. (iii...

75 FR 34283 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; FAR Case 2009-025, Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-16

... Regulation (FAR) to align the FAR with the revised Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) Board clause, Disclosure....230-4 is replaced in its entirety and re-titled ``Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting...) Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices-- Foreign Concerns. (1) The contracting officer shall...

Teaching Accounting Courses Online: One Instructor's Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dusing, Gregory M.; Hosler, Jonathan C.; Ragan, Joseph M.

2012-01-01

Accounting programs at colleges and universities across the country are offering more online courses, and in some cases entire degree programs. Given increasing enrollments in online accounting education, it is important that accounting educators become aware of the things that work and the things that don't work when delivering courses over the…

45 CFR 1609.4 - Accounting for and use of attorneys' fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Accounting for and use of attorneys' fees. 1609.4... CORPORATION FEE-GENERATING CASES § 1609.4 Accounting for and use of attorneys' fees. (a) Attorneys' fees... to support the representation. (b) Attorneys' fees received shall be recorded during the accounting...

Negotiating the terrain of high-stakes accountability in science teaching

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aronson, Isaak

Teachers interact with their students on behalf of the entire educational system. The aim of this study is to explore how biology teachers understand and construct their practice in a high-stakes accountability environment that is likely to be riddled with tensions. By critically questioning the technical paradigms of accountability this study challenges the fundamental assumptions of accountability. Such a critical approach may help teachers develop empowerment strategies that can free them from the de-skilling effects of the educational accountability system. This interpretive case study of a high-school in Maryland is grounded in three streams of research literature: quality science instruction based on scientific inquiry, the effects of educational accountability on the curriculum, and the influence of policy on classroom practice with a specific focus on how teachers balance competing tensions. This study theoretically occurs at the intersection of educational accountability and pedagogy. In terms of data collection, I conduct two interviews with all six biology teachers in the school. I observe each teacher for at least fifteen class periods. I review high-stakes accountability policy documents from the federal, state, and district levels of the education system. Three themes emerge from the research. The first theme, "re-defining science teaching," captures how deeply accountability structures have penetrated the science curriculum. The second theme, "the pressure mounts," explores how high-stakes accountability in science has increased the stress placed on teachers. The third theme, "teaching-in-between," explores how teachers compromise between accountability mandates and their own understandings of quality teaching. Together, the three themes shed light on the current high-stakes climate in which teachers currently work. This study's findings inform the myriad paradoxes at all levels of the educational system. As Congress and advocacy groups battle over the reauthorization of No Child Left Behind, they may not pay adequate attention to all the inconsistencies. Educators and researchers must take a critical look at accountability policies. Accountability should promote optimism, responsibility, job satisfaction, avenues for developing pedagogical expertise, and collaboration between teachers and administrators. Only then is it likely to improve educational opportunities for all students.

All-Weather Flight Manual

DTIC Science & Technology

1957-01-01

natural and long- This takes hard study and consistent practice. przictiiced halbit of depending on your senses re- Thirdly, take into account that...air chamber (the one around the If tlie cinib or destcenit is ionre rapid, the degree of diaphrlagmi) is the aittight case of tile instrument...air- above it and calibrates this data in ternis of feet of altitude. Thie altimeter case is airtight except for one opening which is connected to the

The Critical Period for Second Language Pronunciation: Is There Such a Thing? Ten Case Studies of Late Starters who Attained a Native-like Hebrew Accent

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abu-Rabia, Salim; Kehat, Simona

2004-01-01

This paper investigates the critical period hypothesis (CPH) for the acquisition of a second language sound system (phonology) in a naturalistic setting. Ten cases of successful late-starters with a native-like Hebrew pronunciation are presented in an effort to determine possible variables that may account for their exceptional accomplishment. The…

Public sector reform and governance for adaptation: implications of new public management for adaptive capacity in Mexico and Norway.

PubMed

Eakin, Hallie; Eriksen, Siri; Eikeland, Per-Ove; Øyen, Cecilie

2011-03-01

Although many governments are assuming the responsibility of initiating adaptation policy in relation to climate change, the compatibility of "governance-for-adaptation" with the current paradigms of public administration has generally been overlooked. Over the last several decades, countries around the globe have embraced variants of the philosophy of administration broadly called "New Public Management" (NPM) in an effort to improve administrative efficiencies and the provision of public services. Using evidence from a case study of reforms in the building sector in Norway, and a case study of water and flood risk management in central Mexico, we analyze the implications of the adoption of the tenets of NPM for adaptive capacity. Our cases illustrate that some of the key attributes associated with governance for adaptation--namely, technical and financial capacities; institutional memory, learning and knowledge; and participation and accountability--have been eroded by NPM reforms. Despite improvements in specific operational tasks of the public sector in each case, we show that the success of NPM reforms presumes the existence of core elements of governance that have often been found lacking, including solid institutional frameworks and accountability. Our analysis illustrates the importance of considering both longer-term adaptive capacities and short-term efficiency goals in public sector administration reform.

The economic benefits of malaria elimination: do they include increases in tourism?

PubMed

Modrek, Sepideh; Liu, Jenny; Gosling, Roland; Feachem, Richard G A

2012-07-28

Policy makers have speculated that one of the economic benefits of malaria elimination includes increases in foreign direct investment, particularly tourism. This study examines the empirical relationship between the demand for travel and malaria cases in two countries with large tourism industries around the time in which they carried out malaria-elimination campaigns. In Mauritius, this analysis examines historical, yearly tourist arrivals and malaria cases from 1978-1999, accounting for the background secular trend of increasing international travel. In Dominican Republic, a country embarking upon malaria elimination, it employs a time-series analysis of the monthly, international tourist arrivals from 1998-2010 to determine whether the timing of significant deviations in tourist arrivals coincides with malaria outbreaks. While naïve relationships exist in both cases, the results show that the relationships between tourist arrivals and malaria cases are relatively weak and statistically insignificant once secular confounders are accounted for. This suggests that any economic benefits from tourism that may be derived from actively pursuing elimination in countries that have high tourism potential are likely to be small when measured at a national level. Rather, tourism benefits are likely to be experienced with greater impact in more concentrated tourist areas within countries, and future studies should seek to assess these relationships at a regional or local level.

Hierarchy of evidence relating to hand surgery in Brazilian orthopedic journals.

PubMed

Moraes, Vinícius Ynoe de; Belloti, João Carlos; Moraes, Fábio Ynoe de; Galbiatti, José Antonio; Palácio, Evandro Pereira; Santos, João Baptista Gomes Dos; Faloppa, Flávio

2011-03-01

There is no systematic assessment of the quality of scientific production in the specialty of hand surgery in our setting. This study aimed to systematically assess the status of evidence generation relating to hand surgery and to evaluate the reproducibility of the classification method based on an evidence pyramid. Secondary study conducted at Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp) and Faculdade Estadual de Medicina de Marília (Famema). Two researchers independently conducted an electronic database search for hand surgery studies published between 2000 and 2009 in the two main Brazilian orthopedic journals (Acta Ortopédica Brasileira and Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia). The studies identified were subsequently classified according to methodological design (systematic review of the literature, randomized clinical trial, cohort study, case-control study, case series and other studies) and evidence level (I to V). A total of 1,150 articles were evaluated, and 83 (7.2%) were included in the final analysis. Studies with evidence level IV (case series) accounted for 41 (49%) of the published papers. Studies with evidence level V (other studies) accounted for 12 (14.5%) of the papers. Only two studies (2.4%) were ranked as level I or II. The inter-rater reproducibility was excellent (k = 0.94). Hand surgery articles corresponded to less than one tenth of Brazilian orthopedic production. Studies with evidence level IV were the commonest type. The reproducibility of the classification stratified by evidence level was almost perfect.

Comparison of cost determination of both resource consumption accounting and time-driven activity-based costing systems in a healthcare setting.

PubMed

Özyapıcı, Hasan; Tanış, Veyis Naci

2017-05-01

Objective The aim of the present study was to explore the differences between resource consumption accounting (RCA) and time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) systems in determining the costs of services of a healthcare setting. Methods A case study was conducted to calculate the unit costs of open and laparoscopic gall bladder surgeries using TDABC and RCA. Results The RCA system assigns a higher cost both to open and laparoscopic gall bladder surgeries than TDABC. The total cost of unused capacity under the TDABC system is also double that in RCA. Conclusion Unlike TDABC, RCA calculates lower costs for unused capacities but higher costs for products or services in a healthcare setting in which fixed costs make up a high proportion of total costs. What is known about the topic? TDABC is a revision of the activity-based costing (ABC) system. RCA is also a new costing system that includes both the theoretical advantages of ABC and the practical advantages of German costing. However, little is known about the differences arising from application of TDABC and RCA. What does this paper add? There is no study comparing both TDABC and RCA in a single case study based on a real-world healthcare setting. Thus, the present study fills this gap in the literature and it is unique in the sense that it is the first case study comparing TDABC and RCA for open and laparoscopic gall bladder surgeries in a healthcare setting. What are the implications for practitioners? This study provides several interesting results for managers and cost accounting researchers. Thus, it will contribute to the spread of RCA studies in healthcare settings. It will also help the implementers of TDABC to revise data concerning the cost of unused capacity. In addition, by separating costs into fixed and variable, the paper will help managers to create a blended (combined) system that can improve both short- and long-term decisions.

Bacterial meningitis in Finland, 1995–2014: a population-based observational study

PubMed Central

Polkowska, Aleksandra; Toropainen, Maija; Ollgren, Jukka; Lyytikäinen, Outi; Nuorti, J. Pekka

2017-01-01

Objectives Bacterial meningitis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its epidemiological characteristics, however, are changing due to new vaccines and secular trends. Conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae (10-valent) were introduced in 1986 and 2010 in Finland. We assessed the disease burden and long-term trends of five common causes of bacterial meningitis in a population-based observational study. Methods A case was defined as isolation of S. pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Listeria monocytogenes or H. influenzae from cerebrospinal fluid and reported to national, population-based laboratory surveillance system during 1995–2014. We evaluated changes in incidence rates (Poisson or negative binomial regression), case fatality proportions (χ2) and age distribution of cases (Wilcoxon rank-sum). Results During 1995–2014, S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis accounted for 78% of the total 1361 reported bacterial meningitis cases. H. influenzae accounted for 4% of cases (92% of isolates were non-type b). During the study period, the overall rate of bacterial meningitis per 1 00 000 person-years decreased from 1.88 cases in 1995 to 0.70 cases in 2014 (4% annual decline (95% CI 3% to 5%). This was primarily due to a 9% annual reduction in rates of N. meningitidis (95% CI 7% to 10%) and 2% decrease in S. pneumoniae (95% CI 1% to 4%). The median age of cases increased from 31 years in 1995–2004 to 43 years in 2005–2014 (p=0.0004). Overall case fatality proportion (10%) did not change from 2004 to 2009 to 2010–2014. Conclusions Substantial decreases in bacterial meningitis were associated with infant conjugate vaccination against pneumococcal meningitis and secular trend in meningococcal meningitis in the absence of vaccination programme. Ongoing epidemiological surveillance is needed to identify trends, evaluate serotype distribution, assess vaccine impact and develop future vaccination strategies. PMID:28592578

Sixth-Form Projects in Biology: A Case History.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robinson, P. M.; Parker, R. E.

1981-01-01

Some of the problems encountered in devising sixth-form projects are discussed and a detailed account given of one project in which a study was made of the effect of onion bulb volatiles on the germination of lettuce seed. (Author)

A Content Analysis Study about the Usage of History of Mathematics in Textbooks in Turkey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eren, Mehmet; Bulut, Mehmet; Bulut, Neslihan

2015-01-01

The present study aimed to investigate how history of mathematics was integrated to some mathematics textbooks in Turkey. On this account, four different textbooks with different grade levels were chosen. In total, 42 cases were detected and studied by three researchers. Results indicated that the usage of history of mathematics was materialized…

Balancing Academic and Professional Pedagogies: A Comparative Study of Two Accounting Departments in South Africa and the UK

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van der Merwe, Nico; McChlery, Stuart; Visser, Sarah Susanna

2014-01-01

The paper adds to extant professional education literature by reflecting on apparent differences in pedagogy of similar professional programmes of study, allowing deeper insight into the unique strand of higher education influenced by the professions. A comparative international case study approach is adopted of an interpretive qualitative nature…

Crossing Borders: The Linguistic Practices of Aspiring Bilinguals in the Malay Community

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rajadurai, Joanne

2011-01-01

This paper reports on a study of Malay learners of English in Malaysia as they attempt to extend their use of English outside the classroom and thus participate in new linguistic practices. Using a multiple case study approach, the study examines the narrative accounts of learners generated through student journals and focus group discussions.…

The minipig as an animal model to study Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and natural transmission

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Infants and children with tuberculosis (TB) account for more than 20% of cases in endemic countries. Current animal models study TB during adulthood but animal models for adolescent and infant TB are scarce. Here we propose that minipigs can be used as an animal model to study adult, adolescent and ...

Enhancing Information Systems Auditing Knowledge with Role-Playing Game: An Experimental Investigation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wongpinunwatana, Nitaya

2013-01-01

This study examined the use and effect of a role-playing game on learners' ability in information systems audit. The study is based on experimental research. Information systems control and audit case study and video had been developed. A total of 75 graduate students undertaking a Master's degree in accounting participated in the experiment. The…

Facilitating Group Analysis of Two Case Studies Utilising Peer Tutoring: Comparison of Tasks and Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fong, Lin Siew

2016-01-01

Peer-tutoring sessions of two groups of advanced diploma in financial accounting students with mixed proficiency were analysed thoroughly in this study. Numerous studies in peer tutoring have produced favourable results to both tutors and tutees due to the scaffolding process which promotes effective learning. However, there is a lack of studies…

Trends in resource utilization associated with the inpatient treatment of neonatal congenital heart disease.

PubMed

Smith, Andrew H; Gay, James C; Patel, Neal R

2014-01-01

While neonates account for a significant proportion of health care expenditures related to inpatient care for congenital heart disease, key drivers of resource utilization among this population are poorly defined. Data from 2005 through 2011 were extracted from the Pediatric Health Information System for patients assigned a discharge All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Group of 630 (neonates with birthweight >2499 g undergoing a major cardiovascular procedure). Mortality risk adjustment for patients undergoing operative interventions was performed with the Risk Adjusment in Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS-1) score. A total of 13 156 cases were included in the analysis. Despite only a 3% increase in case mix index and no significant change in operative acuity over the study period (RACHS classifications of 3 or greater 67% in 2005 vs. 66% in 2011, P = .64), there were inflation-adjusted increases in both total estimated cost per case of (50% to $151 760 in 2011, P < .001), and mean charge per case (33% to $433 875 in 2011, P < .001). Pharmacy charges increased by 16% (P < .001), with agents including chlorothiazide and albumin accounting for the highest patient charges over the study period. Imaging charges increased by 42% (P < .001), with an average of 5.7 echocardiograms and $6517 in associated charges per case by 2011. While the proportion of patients receiving nitric oxide remained consistent, mean duration of administration increased by 25% to 6.6 days by 2011, accounting for average charges of $52 141 per patient exposed. Among neonates with serious congenital heart disease, increases in both institutional costs and charges to the patient are associated with relatively consistent utilization practices in recent years. Multiinstitutional collaboration may prove useful in aligning evidence-based reductions in practice variation with limitations in resource utilization without compromising the quality of care. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Accounting for parameter uncertainty in the definition of parametric distributions used to describe individual patient variation in health economic models.

PubMed

Degeling, Koen; IJzerman, Maarten J; Koopman, Miriam; Koffijberg, Hendrik

2017-12-15

Parametric distributions based on individual patient data can be used to represent both stochastic and parameter uncertainty. Although general guidance is available on how parameter uncertainty should be accounted for in probabilistic sensitivity analysis, there is no comprehensive guidance on reflecting parameter uncertainty in the (correlated) parameters of distributions used to represent stochastic uncertainty in patient-level models. This study aims to provide this guidance by proposing appropriate methods and illustrating the impact of this uncertainty on modeling outcomes. Two approaches, 1) using non-parametric bootstrapping and 2) using multivariate Normal distributions, were applied in a simulation and case study. The approaches were compared based on point-estimates and distributions of time-to-event and health economic outcomes. To assess sample size impact on the uncertainty in these outcomes, sample size was varied in the simulation study and subgroup analyses were performed for the case-study. Accounting for parameter uncertainty in distributions that reflect stochastic uncertainty substantially increased the uncertainty surrounding health economic outcomes, illustrated by larger confidence ellipses surrounding the cost-effectiveness point-estimates and different cost-effectiveness acceptability curves. Although both approaches performed similar for larger sample sizes (i.e. n = 500), the second approach was more sensitive to extreme values for small sample sizes (i.e. n = 25), yielding infeasible modeling outcomes. Modelers should be aware that parameter uncertainty in distributions used to describe stochastic uncertainty needs to be reflected in probabilistic sensitivity analysis, as it could substantially impact the total amount of uncertainty surrounding health economic outcomes. If feasible, the bootstrap approach is recommended to account for this uncertainty.

FDA-EPA Public Health Guidance on Fish Consumption: A Case Study on Informal Interagency Cooperation in "Shared Regulatory Space".

PubMed

Holden, Mark

2015-01-01

This article is a case study on how administrative agencies interact with each other in cases of shared regulatory jurisdiction. The theoretical literature on the topic of overlapping jurisdiction both (1) makes predictions about how agencies are expected to behave when they share jurisdiction, and (2) in recent iterations argues that overlapping jurisdiction can confer unique policymaking benefits. Through the lens of that theoretical literature, this article examines the relations between the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regarding the public health risks posed by mercury in fish. It concludes that the FDA-EPA case study (1) corroborates the extant theoretical accounts of how agencies behave in cases of overlapping jurisdiction, (2) supports the conclusion of the recent scholarship that overlapping jurisdiction can confer unique policy benefits, and (3) reveals a few wrinkles not given adequate treatment in the extant literature.

Human papillomavirus genotype distribution in cervical cancer cases in Spain. Implications for prevention.

PubMed

Alemany, Laia; Pérez, Cristina; Tous, Sara; Llombart-Bosch, Antonio; Lloveras, Belen; Lerma, Enrique; Guarch, Rosa; Andújar, Miguel; Pelayo, Adela; Alejo, Maria; Ordi, Jaume; Klaustermeier, Joellen; Velasco, Julio; Guimerà, Nuria; Clavero, Omar; Castellsagué, Xavier; Quint, Wim; Muñoz, Nubia; Bosch, F Xavier; de Sanjosé, Silvia

2012-03-01

Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution in invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is critical to guide the introduction and to assess the impact of HPV prophylactic vaccines. This study aims to provide specific information for Spain. 1043 histological confirmed ICC cases diagnosed from 1940 to 2007 from six Spanish regions were assembled. HPV DNA detection was performed by SPF(10) broad-spectrum PCR followed by deoxyribonucleic acid enzyme immunoassay and genotyping by reverse hybridization line probe assay (LiPA(25)) (version 1). Of 1043 ICC cases, 904 were HPV DNA positive (adjusted prevalence: 89.1%). The eight most common types, in decreasing order, were HPV 16, 18, 33, 31, 45, 35, 52 and 56, accounting for more than 90% of cases. HPV 16 and 18 contributed to 72.4% of all HPV positive ICC cases. In cervical adenocarcinomas, this contribution increased up to 94%. HPV 16 and 18 relative contributions showed a stable pattern over the 60 year study period. HPV 45, 18 and 16-positive ICC cases presented at younger ages than cases with other HPV types (adjusted mean age: 43.8, 45.2, 52.6 and 57.7 years, respectively). HPV 16 and 18 accounted together for a 72.4% of positive cases, with no statistically significant changes in their relative contributions over the last decades. In 94% of cervical adenocarcinomas we identified at least one of the two HPV types included in the current vaccines (HPV 16/18). Results suggest a major impact of HPV vaccines on reduction of ICC burden in Spain in the HPV vaccinated cohorts. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Molecular Epidemiology of Campylobacter coli Strains Isolated from Different Sources in New Zealand between 2005 and 2014

PubMed Central

Grinberg, Alex; Midwinter, Anne C.; Marshall, Jonathan C.; Collins-Emerson, Julie M.; French, Nigel P.

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Campylobacteriosis is one of the most important foodborne diseases worldwide and a significant health burden in New Zealand. Campylobacter jejuni is the predominant species worldwide, accounting for approximately 90% of human cases, followed by Campylobacter coli. Most studies in New Zealand have focused on C. jejuni; hence, the impact of C. coli strains on human health is not well understood. The aim of this study was to genotype C. coli isolates collected in the Manawatu region of New Zealand from clinical cases, fresh poultry meat, ruminant feces, and environmental water sources, between 2005 and 2014, to study their population structure and estimate the contribution of each source to the burden of human disease. Campylobacter isolates were identified by PCR and typed by multilocus sequence typing. C. coli accounted for 2.9% (n = 47/1,601) of Campylobacter isolates from human clinical cases, 9.6% (n = 108/1,123) from poultry, 13.4% (n = 49/364) from ruminants, and 6.4% (n = 11/171) from water. Molecular subtyping revealed 27 different sequence types (STs), of which 18 belonged to clonal complex ST-828. ST-1581 was the most prevalent C. coli sequence type isolated from both human cases (n = 12/47) and poultry (n = 44/110). When classified using cladistics, all sequence types belonged to clade 1 except ST-7774, which belonged to clade 2. ST-854, ST-1590, and ST-4009 were isolated only from human cases and fresh poultry, while ST-3232 was isolated only from human cases and ruminant sources. Modeling indicated ruminants and poultry as the main sources of C. coli human infection. IMPORTANCE We performed a molecular epidemiological study of Campylobacter coli infection in New Zealand, one of few such studies globally. This study analyzed the population genetic structure of the bacterium and included a probabilistic source attribution model covering different animal and water sources. The results are discussed in a global context. PMID:27208097

Generic Skills for Graduate Accountants: The Bigger Picture, a Social and Economic Imperative in the New Knowledge Economy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bunney, Diane; Sharplin, Elaine; Howitt, Christine

2015-01-01

The case for integrating generic skills in university accounting programmes is well documented in the literature, but the implementation of strategies designed to teach generic skills in the context of accounting courses has posed ongoing challenges for academics and course administrators. The imperative for generic skills in accounting programmes…

75 FR 34285 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; FAR Case 2009-026, Compensation for Personal Services

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-16

... the FAR to align the FAR with the revised Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) Board standards 412, ``Cost Accounting Standard for composition and measurement of pension cost;'' and 415, ``Accounting for the cost of... 23961 on May 1, 2008, to amend CAS 412, ``Cost Accounting Standard for composition and measurement of...

26 CFR 1.451-5 - Advance payments for goods and long-term contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... accounting for tax purposes if such method results in including advance payments in gross receipts no later... the case of a taxpayer accounting for advance payments for tax purposes pursuant to a long-term contract method of accounting under § 1.460-4, or of a taxpayer accounting for advance payments with...

Accounting Capstone Course Design: Using the Internet to Modernize a Graduate Accounting Capstone Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bloom, Diane S.; Ehoff, Clemense, Jr.

2012-01-01

This second paper describes how the Internet was used to modernize a graduate accounting capstone course to enhance student interest and learning, and is an extension of an earlier paper that examined a similar approach with an undergraduate accounting capstone course. Course content was developed from contemporary issues and cases obtained from…

A Single Case Study of the Impact of Policy Changes on Identification for Gifted Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Warne, Russell T.; Price, Chris J.

2016-01-01

The annals of gifted education research contain few educational policy studies and even fewer studies on the impacts of changes in policy. To partially fill this gap, the authors performed an ABA study investigating the impact of accountability legislation on the number of students reported gifted in Texas public schools. Data were collected from…

The Impact of Unstructured Case Studies on Surface Learners: A Study of Second-Year Accounting Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wynn-Williams, Kate; Beatson, Nicola; Anderson, Cameron

2016-01-01

The empirical study described here uses the R-SPQ-2F questionnaire [Biggs, J., Kember, D., & Leung, D. Y. (2001). The revised two-factor study process questionnaire: R-SPQ-2F. "British Journal of Educational Psychology," 71(1), 133-149] to test deep and surface approaches to learning in a university intermediate-level accounting…

ESP Needs Analysis of Iranian MA Students: A Case Study of the University of Isfahan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moslemi, Fatemeh; Moinzadeh, Ahmad; Dabaghi, Azizollah

2011-01-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the foreign language learning needs of Iranian MA students, in particular those who were majoring in biology, psychology, physical training, accounting and west philosophy. A total of 80 students from five MA majors studying at university of Isfahan participated in the study. Additionally, twenty-five…

Novice Rural Principals' Successful Leadership Practices in Financial Management: Multiple Accountabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Myende, Phumlani Erasmus; Samuel, Michael Anthony; Pillay, Ansurie

2018-01-01

Research studies on financial management in South African public schools expands recurrent literature, most of which have largely pathologised school leadership and management, and rural schools in particular. This article instead draws from a qualitative case study of success, which examined how five novice principals in a rural setting went…

Leadership and the Design of Data-Driven Professional Networks in Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liou, Yi-Hwa; Grigg, Jeffrey; Halverson, Richard

2014-01-01

Using data from a multi-method comparative case study of two matched schools, this paper adds to the growing body of applications of social network analysis to the study of distributed leadership and accountability. We contrast two approaches to instructional leadership, prescriptive and discretionary, to investigate how leaders design…

Vantages on Scales: A Study of Russian Dimensional Adjectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tribushinina, Elena

2010-01-01

The central claim of this paper is that Vantage Theory is able to provide a much-needed explanatory account of the seemingly unrelated differences between lexical and morphological antonyms of dimensional adjectives in Slavic languages. In a case study, I compare two antonyms of the Russian adjective "vysokij" "high", a morphologically unrelated…

Well-Being Outcomes in Bolivia: Accounting for the Effects of Ethnicity and Regional Location

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liberato, Ana S. Q.; Pomeroy, Carlton; Fennell, Dana

2006-01-01

This study assesses well-being differences in Bolivia. We specifically investigate whether ethnicity and regional location explain differences in housing quality, material wealth, sanitation, and educational achievement in Bolivia. We use the 1994 and 1998 DHS surveys of 9114 and 12109 cases, respectively, to test the study hypotheses, which…

Untangling the Intervention-Context Dyad through Horizontal Comparison: Examples from Israeli Peacebuilding Organizations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ross, Karen

2017-01-01

In this article, I argue for the importance of conducting comparative studies of educational interventions implemented within the same sociopolitical environment. Taking into account both arguments for comparative research in education and recent calls for context-rich vertical case studies, I suggest that horizontal comparisons in a single…

Enhancing Critical Thinking: Accounting Students' Perceptions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilkin, Carla L.

2017-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how assessment design was used to enhance students' critical thinking in a subject concerned with business enterprise systems. The study shows positive results and favorable perceptions of the merit of the approach. Design/Methodology/Approach: A case study approach was used to examine how the…

Integrating Guided Inquiry into a Traditional Chemistry Curricular Framework

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smithenry, Dennis William

2010-01-01

The case study presented in this paper examines the work of one high school chemistry teacher who has integrated guided inquiry into a yearlong, traditional curricular framework in ways that take into account the constraints and realities of her classroom. The study's findings suggest (1) the extent and frequency to which teachers can…

Restaurants as Learning Organizations: A Multiple-Site Case Study of U.S. Non-Chain Restaurants

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boccia, Mark

2016-01-01

This study investigated the construct of the learning organization in the restaurant industry. Descriptive accounts of learning were gleaned from face-to-face interviews, focus groups, observations, document analysis, and data from the Dimensions of the Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ) from 52 participants employed in three US…

Race, Identity, and Resilience: Black College Students Negotiating Success in Mathematics and Engineering

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGee, Ebony O.

2009-01-01

This study analyzes the experiences of 23 African Americans, who are all academically high achieving college mathematics and engineering junior, senior and graduate students. Counter-narrative methodology and in-depth case studies accounted for the students' racial and mathematical identities as they were revealed through their experiences in the…

Changes in the Nature and Structure of Work: Implications for Skill Requirements and Skill Formation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bailey, Thomas

Changes in the economy and the workplace are changing job skill requirements and the process of skill acquisition. A study analyzed occupational trends and projections, performed case studies of four industry sectors (apparel and textile, accounting, management consulting, and software development), and reviewed research on changing skill demands…

Nonprofits Partnering with Postsecondary Institutions to Increase Low-Income Student Access

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kezar, Adrianna; Lester, Jaime; Yang, Hannah

2010-01-01

This article reports on a three year case study and interview project of a federal initiative to help low income students access college called individual development accounts (IDA). The study focused on partnership development between community agencies that offer IDAs and postsecondary institutions, examining challenges and facilitators. A set…

Feasibility of assessing the public health impacts of air pollution reduction programs on a local scale: New Haven accountability case study

EPA Science Inventory

Background: New approaches on how to link health surveillance data with environmental and population exposure information are needed in order to examine the health benefits of risk management decisions. Objective: This study's objective was to examine the feasibility of conductin...

Successful approaches to recycling urban wood waste

Treesearch

Solid Waste Association of North America

2002-01-01

This report presents eight case studies of successful urban wood waste recycling projects and businesses. These studies document the success of recovered products such as lumber and lumber products, mulch, boiler fuel, and alternative cover for landfills. Overall, wood waste accounts for about 17% of the total waste received at municipal solid waste landfills in the...

Student Self-Assessment of Mathematical Skills: A Pilot Study of Accounting Student

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Warwick, Jon; Howard, Anna

2015-01-01

When new students arrive at university to commence their undergraduate training they bring with them a host of prior experiences, expectations and beliefs. For students whose course of study includes mathematics these experiences, expectations and beliefs can be very strongly held and somewhat negative towards mathematics. In such cases they can…

Technical Assistance and Innovation in Science Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maybury, Robert H.

1975-01-01

This study examines programs for improving science teaching in the schools of Argentina, Brazil, Lebanon, the Philippines, and Turkey. Appearing in two parts, the first contains five case histories--descriptive and uninterpreted accounts of the events as they have unfolded over time in the programs. The second part of the study compares, analyzes,…

GM2 gangliosidosis in a UK study of children with progressive neurodegeneration: 73 cases reviewed.

PubMed

Smith, Nicholas J; Winstone, Anne Marie; Stellitano, Lesley; Cox, Timothy M; Verity, Christopher M

2012-02-01

To report the demographic, phenotypic, and time-to-diagnosis characteristics of children with GM2 gangliosidosis referred to the UK study of Progressive Intellectual and Neurological Deterioration. Case notification is made via monthly surveillance card, administered by the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit to all UK-based paediatricians; children with GM2 gangliosidosis were identified from cases satisfying inclusion in the UK study of Progressive Intellectual and Neurological Deterioration and analysed according to phenotypic and biochemical categories. Between May 1997 and January 2010, 73 individuals with GM2 gangliosidoses were reported: 40 with Tay-Sachs disease, 31 with Sandhoff disease, and two with GM2 activator protein deficiency. Together they account for 6% (73/1164) of all diagnosed cases of progressive intellectual and neurological deterioration. The majority (62/73) were sporadic index cases with no family history. Children of Pakistani ancestry were overrepresented in all subtypes, particularly juvenile Sandhoff disease, accounting for 10 of 11 notified cases. Infantile-onset variants predominated (55/73); the mean age at onset of symptoms was 6.2 and 4.7 months for infantile-onset Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease respectively, and 26.2 and 34.7 months for the corresponding juvenile-onset variants. Time to diagnosis averaged 7.4 months and 28.0 months in infantile- and juvenile-onset disease respectively. GM2 gangliosidosis is a significant cause of childhood neurodegenerative disease; timely diagnosis relies upon improved clinical recognition, which may be increasingly important as specific therapies become available. There is a potential benefit from the introduction of screening programmes for high-risk ethnic groups. © The Authors. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology © 2011 Mac Keith Press.

Serum Progesterone Levels in Pregnant Women with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Case Control Study.

PubMed

Lee, Jennifer; Eklund, Elizabeth E; Lambert-Messerlian, Geralyn; Palomaki, Glenn E; Butterfield, Kristen; Curran, Patrizia; Bourjeily, Ghada

2017-03-01

Pregnancy is a risk factor for sleep disordered breathing, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Progesterone, one of the key hormones in pregnancy, a known respiratory drive stimulant, increases ventilation and may protect against OSA. We aimed to examine the relationship between circulating progesterone and OSA, after accounting for body weight and gestational age. A case control study was conducted of pregnant women with OSA and those at low risk for the disorder. Cases were identified by ICD-9 code and review of medical record. Controls were identified if they scored zero (never) for snoring, apnea, and gasping on the multivariable apnea prediction index questionnaire immediately following delivery. Subjects with available stored first and/or second trimester residual serum samples were then included in this study and serum analyzed for progesterone. Raw progesterone levels were adjusted for the effects of gestational age and maternal weight. Twenty-seven cases and 64 controls with available serum were identified. Women with OSA had greater maternal weight and higher rates of related comorbidities, compared to controls. Progesterone levels correlated positively with gestational age and negatively with greater weight. Progesterone levels, adjusted for gestational age and maternal weight and expressed as multiples of median (MoM), were significantly lower in OSA cases compared to controls in both the first trimester (MoM = 0.71, confidence interval [95% CI] 0.60-0.83) relative to the MoM in controls of 1.00. In the second trimester levels were also lower in OSA cases (MoM = 0.84, 95% CI 0.73-0.96) compared to the MoM of 1.00 in controls. Progesterone levels, after accounting for weight and gestational age, were lower in women with OSA than controls. Progesterone may play a protective role against OSA.

More than Just Test Scores: Leading for Improvement with an Alternative Community-Driven Accountability Metric

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spain, Angeline; McMahon, Kelly

2016-01-01

In this case, Sharon Rowley, a veteran principal, volunteers to participate in a new community-driven accountability initiative and encounters dilemmas about what it means to be a "data-driven" instructional leader. This case provides an opportunity for aspiring school leaders to explore and apply data-use theory to the work of leading…

Notes on Accounting Capstone Course Design: Contemporary Issues versus Case Analysis Enhances Student Interest and Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ehoff, Clemense, Jr.

2010-01-01

This paper presents how the Internet can be used to bring contemporary issues into the accounting capstone course to enhance student interest and learning. While existing cases have been reviewed and structured, they focus on issues that may not be at the forefront of the items currently under examination and/or debate by the accounting…

Who's Who in Postsecondary Institutions?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kezar, Adrianna; Frank, Vikki; Lester, Jaime; Yang, Hannah

2009-01-01

In this document the authors provide practitioners offering education Independent Development Accounts (IDAs) with information about whom to partner with in a postsecondary institution. The authors gained this information through interviews, focus groups, and case studies with higher education and IDA practitioners. College campuses can sometimes…

Biochemistry for Medical Students: A Flexible Student-Oriented Approach. AMEE Case Study No. 3

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Macqueen, D.; And Others

1976-01-01

A personalized account of some experiences in the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Dundee during a radical revision of the course for medical students is offered. Innovations of the course are described in detail. (LBH)

Some Unintended Consequences of "Top Down" Organization Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, Bernard J.; Ramsey, V. Jean

1978-01-01

An organizational development consultant is expected to perform a thorough and unbiased diagnosis of the organization's functioning. This is an account of a case study of the effect of top management influence on the consultant's awareness and definition of problems. (Author/MLF)

Two Charter School Principals' Engagement in Instructional Leadership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bickmore, Dana L.; Sulentic Dowell, Margaret-Mary

2014-01-01

This comparative case (Merriam, 2009) study explored two charter school principals' engagement in instructional leadership. Analysis of three data sources--interviews, observations, and documents--revealed that principals were almost exclusively focused on state accountability and possessed limited knowledge of pedagogical practices. In…

Technology Transfer/A Case Study: Target Strength

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-03-01

Computer, 1 972] are both correct . The first man, a former newspaper writer, credits the intense rate of change now being experienced in society to a...inasmuch as it fails to account for certain diffrac- L tion phenomena; and it will give correct results only for cases where these diffraction...mentioned above, the Luneburg -iline result of Eq. (2,2-49) should be correct as the paraboloid represents an infinite body which does not support

Incidence of acute spinal cord injury in the Czech Republic: a prospective epidemiological study 2006-2015.

PubMed

Kriz, J; Kulakovska, M; Davidova, H; Silova, M; Kobesova, A

2017-09-01

A prospective study. Analysis of epidemiological data about acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in the Czech Republic over a period of 10 years (2006-2015). A data collection system was implemented in the rehabilitation centres which provides care to patients with acute SCI in the Czech Republic. The recorded variables are as follows: age at time of SCI; gender; cause of injury; neurological level of injury (NLI); and its severity (ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS)). Data from 2006 to 2015 were analysed and trends were determined. The overall number of acute SCI ranges between 250 and 300 cases annually. Two-third of the affected population are males. The average age at time of SCI is 49.1 years. The average incidence of traumatic SCI is 15.5 cases per year and is gradually decreasing. The leading cause of SCI are falls (44.5%), followed by traffic accidents (28.2%) and sports injuries including diving into water (19.7%). The incidence of non-traumatic SCI is 8.6 cases per year on average and has an upward trend. Inflammatory lesions account for 26.7% of cases, tumours account for 20.9%, and vascular related injuries make up 17.7%. The NLI occurs most often in the cervical segments (45.3%). The most frequently occurring lesions are motor incomplete: AIS D (33.3%). This study shows a stable occurrence of SCI in the Czech Republic, with cervical and motor incomplete cases being the leading ones. Epidemiological data are needed to improve the care of SCI patients and to promote an active life following it.

Harm and the Boundaries of Disease.

PubMed

McGivern, Patrick; Sorial, Sarah

2017-08-01

What is the relationship between harm and disease? Discussions of the relationship between harm and disease typically suffer from two shortcomings. First, they offer relatively little analysis of the concept of harm itself, focusing instead on examples of clear cases of harm such as death and dismemberment. This makes it difficult to evaluate such accounts in borderline cases, where the putative harms are less severe. Second, they assume that harm-based accounts of disease must be understood normatively rather than naturalistically, in the sense that they are inherently value based. This makes such accounts vulnerable to more general objections of normative accounts of disease. Here we draw on an influential account of harm from the philosophy of law to develop a harm-based account of disease that overcomes both of these shortcomings. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Inc. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

On Scott-Phillips' General Account of Communication.

PubMed

Planer, Ronald J

2017-12-01

The purpose of this paper is to critically engage with a recent attempt by Thom Scott-Phillips to offer a general account of communication. As a general account, it is intended to apply equally well to both non-human and human interactions which are prima facie communicative in character. However, so far, Scott-Phillips has provided little detail regarding how his account is supposed to apply to the latter set of cases. After presenting what I take to be the most plausible way of filling in those details, I argue that his account would appear to be too narrow: it (minimally) fails to capture a range of human interactions which strike us as instances of communication. To wit, these are cases in which some but not all of the information an act is designed to convey to a reactor actually reaches that reactor. An alternative account incorporating Scott-Phillips' main insights is then sketched, and it is suggested that this account, or something like it, would accommodate the full range of non-human and human interactions that are intuitively communicative.

Buddhism, Christianity, and psychotherapy: A three-way conversation in the mid-twentieth century.

PubMed

Harding, Christopher

2018-01-01

This article explores the scope of 'religion-psy dialogue' in the mid-twentieth century, via a case study from Japan: Kosawa Heisaku, a Buddhist psychoanalyst based in Tokyo. By putting this case study in brief comparative perspective, with the conversation that took place in 1965 between Paul Tillich and Carl Rogers, the article discusses both the promise and the pitfalls of the modern and contemporary world of 'religion-psy dialogue', alongside the means by which specialists in a variety of fields might investigate and hold it to account.

Using a social entrepreneurial approach to enhance the financial and social value of health care organizations.

PubMed

Liu, Sandra S; Lu, Jui-Fen Rachel; Guo, Kristina L

2014-01-01

In this study, a conceptual framework was developed to show that social entrepreneurial practices can be effectively translated to meet the social needs in health care. We used a theory-in-use case study approach that encompasses postulation of a working taxonomy from literature scanning and a deliberation of the taxonomy through triangulation of multilevel data of a case study conducted in a Taiwan-based hospital system. Specifically, we demonstrated that a nonprofit organization can adopt business principles that emphasize both financial and social value. We tested our model and found comprehensive accountability across departments throughout the case hospital system, and this led to sustainable and continual growth of the organization. Through social entrepreneurial practices, we established that both financial value creation and fulfilling the social mission for the case hospital system can be achieved.

Childhood herpes zoster: a clustering of ten cases.

PubMed

Prabhu, Smitha; Sripathi, H; Gupta, Sanjeev; Prabhu, Mukyaprana

2009-01-01

Herpes zoster occurs due to reactivation of the latent varicella zoster virus and is usually a disease of the elderly. Childhood herpes zoster is believed to be rare, though recent studies suggest increasing incidence in children. Here we report ten cases of childhood herpes zoster, seven of which occurred within a short span of six months, at a tertiary care level hospital in Pokhara, Nepal. Only three of the ten children reported previous history of varicella infection and none was immunized against varicella. Though childhood herpes zoster accounted for less than 1% of the total zoster cases in the past, recent reports show an increase in the number of cases in apparently healthy children. So far, no studies have been done linking childhood herpes zoster with HIV, though there are many studies linking it with other immunocompromised conditions.

Incorporating Demand and Supply Constraints into Economic Evaluations in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries.

PubMed

Vassall, Anna; Mangham-Jefferies, Lindsay; Gomez, Gabriela B; Pitt, Catherine; Foster, Nicola

2016-02-01

Global guidelines for new technologies are based on cost and efficacy data from a limited number of trial locations. Country-level decision makers need to consider whether cost-effectiveness analysis used to inform global guidelines are sufficient for their situation or whether to use models that adjust cost-effectiveness results taking into account setting-specific epidemiological and cost heterogeneity. However, demand and supply constraints will also impact cost-effectiveness by influencing the standard of care and the use and implementation of any new technology. These constraints may also vary substantially by setting. We present two case studies of economic evaluations of the introduction of new diagnostics for malaria and tuberculosis control. These case studies are used to analyse how the scope of economic evaluations of each technology expanded to account for and then address demand and supply constraints over time. We use these case studies to inform a conceptual framework that can be used to explore the characteristics of intervention complexity and the influence of demand and supply constraints. Finally, we describe a number of feasible steps that researchers who wish to apply our framework in cost-effectiveness analyses. © 2016 The Authors. Health Economics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Enhanced surveillance of invasive listeriosis in the Lombardy region, Italy, in the years 2006-2010 reveals major clones and an increase in serotype 1/2a

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Invasive listeriosis is a rare, life-threatening foodborne disease. Lombardy, an Italian region accounting for 16% of the total population, reported 55% of all listeriosis cases in the years 2006-2010. The aim of our study was to provide a snapshot of listeriosis epidemiology in this region after the implementation of a voluntary laboratory-based surveillance system. Methods We characterized by serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing and detection of epidemic clone markers, 134 isolates from 132 listeriosis cases, including 15 pregnancy-related cases, occurring in the years 2006-2010 in Lombardy. Demographic and clinical characteristics of cases have also been described. Results The mean age of non pregnancy-associated cases was 64.7 years, with 55.9% of cases being older than 65 years. Cases having no underlying medical conditions accounted for 11.6%. The all-cause fatality rate of 83 cases with a known survival outcome was 25.3%. Serotypes 1/2a and 4b comprised 52.2% and 38.8% of isolates, respectively. Seventy-three AscI pulsotypes and 25 sequence types assigned to 23 clonal complexes were recognized. Moreover, 53 (39.5%) isolates tested positive for the epidemic clone markers. Twelve molecular subtype clusters including at least three isolates were detected, with cluster 11 (1/2a/ST38) including 31 isolates identified during the entire study period. No outbreaks were notified to public health authorities during this period. Conclusions The findings of our study proved that epidemiology of listeriosis in Lombardy is characterized by a high prevalence of major clones and the increasing role of serotype 1/2a. Molecular subtyping is an essential tool in the epidemiology and surveillance of listeriosis. Rapid molecular cluster detection could alert about putative outbreaks, thus increasing the chance of detecting and inactivating routes of transmission. PMID:23530941

Enhanced surveillance of invasive listeriosis in the Lombardy region, Italy, in the years 2006-2010 reveals major clones and an increase in serotype 1/2a.

PubMed

Mammina, Caterina; Parisi, Antonio; Guaita, Anna; Aleo, Aurora; Bonura, Celestino; Nastasi, Antonino; Pontello, Mirella

2013-03-26

Invasive listeriosis is a rare, life-threatening foodborne disease. Lombardy, an Italian region accounting for 16% of the total population, reported 55% of all listeriosis cases in the years 2006-2010. The aim of our study was to provide a snapshot of listeriosis epidemiology in this region after the implementation of a voluntary laboratory-based surveillance system. We characterized by serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing and detection of epidemic clone markers, 134 isolates from 132 listeriosis cases, including 15 pregnancy-related cases, occurring in the years 2006-2010 in Lombardy. Demographic and clinical characteristics of cases have also been described. The mean age of non pregnancy-associated cases was 64.7 years, with 55.9% of cases being older than 65 years. Cases having no underlying medical conditions accounted for 11.6%. The all-cause fatality rate of 83 cases with a known survival outcome was 25.3%.Serotypes 1/2a and 4b comprised 52.2% and 38.8% of isolates, respectively. Seventy-three AscI pulsotypes and 25 sequence types assigned to 23 clonal complexes were recognized. Moreover, 53 (39.5%) isolates tested positive for the epidemic clone markers. Twelve molecular subtype clusters including at least three isolates were detected, with cluster 11 (1/2a/ST38) including 31 isolates identified during the entire study period. No outbreaks were notified to public health authorities during this period. The findings of our study proved that epidemiology of listeriosis in Lombardy is characterized by a high prevalence of major clones and the increasing role of serotype 1/2a. Molecular subtyping is an essential tool in the epidemiology and surveillance of listeriosis. Rapid molecular cluster detection could alert about putative outbreaks, thus increasing the chance of detecting and inactivating routes of transmission.

Management of a pregnant woman dependent on haemodialysis.

PubMed

Walsh, Anna-Marie

2002-01-01

This is a case study of a woman who became pregnant whilst receiving haemodialysis in a London teaching hospital. She courageously disregarded the doctors' advise to abort the fetus. The doctors advised her to wait until she had a kidney transplant to become pregnant again, rather than increase maternal and fetal risk on dialysis. She was due to have a live-related transplant from her father in the spring. The case study describes a practical account in detailed measure to equip nurses with the knowledge to provide specialised care to high-risk dialysis expecting mothers. The main problems in this case study were trying to manage the mother's dialysis regime, control her anaemia, ensure good nutritional levels and gain accurate daily weights.

Mutual Calculations in Creating Accounting Models: A Demonstration of the Power of Matrix Mathematics in Accounting Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vysotskaya, Anna; Kolvakh, Oleg; Stoner, Greg

2016-01-01

The aim of this paper is to describe the innovative teaching approach used in the Southern Federal University, Russia, to teach accounting via a form of matrix mathematics. It thereby contributes to disseminating the technique of teaching to solve accounting cases using mutual calculations to a worldwide audience. The approach taken in this course…

Spatial and temporal distribution of rabies in northern Tanzania in the period of 1993-2002.

PubMed

Swai, E S; Moshy, W E; Kaaya, J E; Mtui, P F

2010-01-01

A retrospective study was carried out to investigate the occurrence and distribution patterns of rabies cases in northern Tanzania. Data on laboratory confirmed brain samples and associated case reports submitted to the Arusha Veterinary Investigation Centre, for a period of ten years (1993-2002) was retrieved and reviewed. A total of 98 suspected rabies brain specimens from different animal species and geographical areas were submitted and processed during the period under review. Rabies was confirmed using Fluorescent Antibody Technique test. Of the 98 brain specimens processed, 65 (66.3%) were confirmed to be rabies cases. Canine rabies accounted for 73.8% of the cases and was diagnosed in dogs (43), jackals (4) and hyenas (1). Rabies in wildlife accounted for 5 out of 48 canine confirmed cases. Most of the cases were from Arusha Municipality (20) followed by Arumeru (19), Ngorongoro (9) and Moshi (8) districts. Rabies positive cases in other animal species were in the following order of frequencies: bovine (9 out of 11); feline (5 out of 10); equine (1 out of 2); caprine (2 out of 2). One porcine brain specimen was rabies negative. The high proportion of rabies positive cases confirmed suggests the level of their endemicity in the northern regions of Tanzania. Moreover, the findings highlights the need for sustained surveillance and institution of control measures among dog population and awareness creation particularly among general public and children whom are at high risk of contracting rabies because of their close contact with dogs.

Risk assessment of buckwheat flour contaminated by thorn-apple (Datura stramonium L.) alkaloids: a case study from Slovenia.

PubMed

Perharič, Lucija; Koželj, Gordana; Družina, Branko; Stanovnik, Lovro

2013-01-01

In Slovenia, a mass poisoning incident involving 73 consumers with symptoms such as dry mouth, hot red skin, blurred vision, tachycardia, urinary retention, ataxia, speech disturbance, disorientation and visual hallucinations occurred in 2003. In all cases, consumers had eaten buckwheat flour food products within the last few hours. Investigations by responsible authorities identified the contamination of a range of buckwheat food products with thorn-apple (Datura stramonium L.) seeds containing toxic alkaloids, atropine and scopolamine. To ensure the safe consumption of buckwheat food products, we carried out risk characterisation and proposed provisional maximum residue levels (MRLs) of atropine and scopolamine mixture in buckwheat flour. In the absence of critical "no observed adverse effect levels" for atropine and scopolamine, we based our estimation of the acute reference doses on the lowest recommended therapeutic doses. Taking into account the additive effect of the two alkaloids, we calculated acute reference doses of the mixture, that is 0.05 µg/kg of body mass for atropine and 0.03 µg/kg of body mass for scopolamine. MRLs for atropine and scopolamine mixture in buckwheat flour were estimated in a worst-case scenario, that is consumption of 100 g of flour by a child weighing 10 kg and taking into account a range of atropine/scopolamine ratio in implicated food products, that is 0.85-3.3. We proposed the national MRLs for atropine/scopolamine mixture in buckwheat food products: 4.0 µg/kg (atropine) and 2.0 µg/kg(scopolamine). However, in view of the large variability in the alkaloid content, depending on the origin of the Datura, we propose that risk assessment should be carried out on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the ratio between atropine and scopolamine content in a particular sample.

Correlation of metastasis characteristics with prognosis in gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma: Two case reports.

PubMed

Tang, Qiang; Zhou, Zili; Chen, Jinhuang; Di, Maojun; Ji, Jintong; Yuan, Wenzheng; Liu, Zhengyi; Wu, Liang; Zhang, Xudan; Li, Kang; Shu, Xiaogang

2017-12-01

This article is aimed to retrospect the clinicopathological data of 2 cases of gastric MANENCs. MANEC is a rare biphasic tumor type that is coexistence of dual neuroendocrine and adenocarcinoma differentiation with each composing exceeding 30% volume. Gastric MANEC have just been reported anecdotally in the literature due to their rarity and heterogeneity. According to our study, these neoplasms have 3 different metastasis patterns: only adenocarcinomatous or neuroendocrine carcinoma and both of the 2 components. We first focus on the correlation of metastasis characteristics with prognosis in gastric MANEC, which may be potential implications for the choice of chemotherapy. The 2 cases of patient shared several symptoms: epigastric discomfort, weight loss, hematemesis, or melena. The 2 patients were diagnosis as MANEC based on the identification of histopathological analysis. In case 1, the poor differentiated adenocarcinoma accounted for 30%, the neuroendocrine part account for 70% and both of the 2 components metastasized to the lymph nodes, whereas in case 2, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma accounted for 70%, the neuroendocrine part for 30% and only the glandular component invaded regional lymph nodes. The first patient underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy and underwent adjuvant chemotherapy, combination of cisplatin, and etoposide successfully. The second patient received radical gastronomy, and did not receive any chemotherapy due to general weakness. The first patient is alive with no evidence of recurrence, and the second patient died 6 months after the operation. The assessment of metastatic sites should be a routine pathological practice, which is crucial for clinical decision-making and the selection of management. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

[Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in France: estimating the number of cases related to travel to the United Kingdom between 1980 and 1995].

PubMed

Chadeau-Hyam, M; Alpérovitch, A

2005-02-01

The outbreak of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) cases rose serious concerns about secondary transmission of the disease, particularly through blood transfusion. Protective measures leading to the exclusion of potentially infectious blood donors were settled: in France, donors who had stayed more than one year in the UK were excluded. In this work, which was part of a larger study aiming to estimate the French epidemic of vCJD, the number of vCJD cases who were infected during a trip to the UK was estimated. Those estimates may notably enable the assessment of such exclusion measures. The particular age-related structure in vCJD cases is taken into account in our simulations considering birth cohorts in the population. The total French exposure is simulated assuming the main source of infection to be dietary through consumption of mechanically recovered meat (MRM) manufactured from British bovine carcasses. Then, using a "back calculation" algorithm, all infected individuals required to produce a consistent epidemic (6 vCJD cases in 2003) was simulated. This study was exclusively focused on the part of the exposure linked to trips (beef MRM consumed in the UK while traveling) and on cases resulting from this exposure. The influence of exposure linked to trips to the UK was greater in the youngest cohort (6.3% of the total exposure) while it only accounted for 3.3% and 1% in the 1939-69 and in the pre-1939 birth cohorts respectively. Overall, exposure resulting from trips in the UK can be neglected with regards to the exposure linked to the consumption of MRM produced in France from British bovine carcasses. Consequently, French vCJD cases that would have been infected in the UK are very unlikely to occur (median: 0 case, IC 95%: (0-2)). Nevertheless, if such cases occur, they would probably occur in subjects born after 1969 and their onset would take place before 2010. Thus, unlike the situation in BSE-free countries, the causal relationship between travel in the UK and occurrence of vCJD cases cannot be underlined in France, as trips only account for a small part of the French exposure. Since trips in the UK slightly contribute to the overall French exposure, excluding people who travelled in the UK from blood donation would not influence the risk of secondary transmission.

L2 Academic Discourse Socialization through Oral Presentations: An Undergraduate Student's Learning Trajectory in Study Abroad

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kobayashi, Masaki

2016-01-01

The present study provides an in-depth, longitudinal account of an undergraduate student's L2 discourse socialization in an academic exchange program in Canada. By invoking Rogoff's (1995) notion of participatory appropriation, this qualitative case study examined an L2 student's task-related strategies and performance as they evolved over time in…

Academic Achievement through FLES: A Case for Promoting Greater Access to Foreign Language Study among Young Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Carolyn; Lafayette, Robert

2010-01-01

The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 established foreign languages as a core curricular content area; however, instructional emphasis continues to be placed on curricular areas that factor into state educational accountability programs. The present study explored whether foreign language study of first-year Grade 3 foreign language students who…

Multislice spiral CT angiography for evaluation of acute aortic syndrome.

PubMed

Zhao, De-Li; Liu, Xin-Ding; Zhao, Cheng-Lei; Zhou, Hai-Ting; Wang, Guo-Kun; Liang, Hong-Wei; Zhang, Jin-Ling

2017-10-01

To discuss the diagnostic value of multislice CT angiography (MSCTA) in acute aortic syndrome (AAS). The clinical and imaging data of 36 cases diagnosed as AAS by MSCTA were collected. The manifestations of the MSCTA images were reviewed retrospectively, and the average x-ray dose was calculated. Among 36 AAS cases, 16 cases had aortic dissection (AD), 8 cases had penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU), 7 cases had intramural hematoma (IMH), and 5 cases had unstable thoracic aneurysm (UTA). Of 16 cases with AD, type A and type B accounted for 43.7% (7/16) and 56.3% (9/16), respectively. Of 7 cases with IMH, type A and type B accounted for 42.9% (3/7) and 57.1% (4/7), respectively. In spite of the x-ray radiation, MSCTA proves to be a rapid and noninvasive imaging technique for the diagnosis of AAS. © 2017, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

[Cost accounting for gastrectomy under critical path--the usefulness of direct accounting of personnel expenses and a guide to shortening hospital stay].

PubMed

Nozue, M; Maruyama, T; Imamura, F; Fukue, M

2000-08-01

In this study, cost accounting was made for a surgical case of gastrectomy according to critical path (path) and the economic contribution of the path was determined. In addition, changes in the cost percentage with changes in number of hospital days were simulated. Basically, cost accounting was done by means of cost accounting by departments, which meets the concept of direct cost accounting of administered accounts. Personnel expenses were calculated by means of both direct and indirect calculations. In the direct method, the total hours personnel participated were recorded for calculation. In the indirect method, personnel expenses were calculated from the ratio of the income of the surgical department to that of other departments. Purchase prices for all materials and drugs used were recorded to check buying costs. According to the direct calculating method, the personnel expenses came to approximately 300,000 yen, total cost was approximately 700,000 yen, and the cost percentage was 59%. According to the indirect method, the personnel expenses were approximately 540,000 yen and the total cost was approximately 940,000 yen, the cost percentage being 80%. A simulation study of changes in the cost with changes in hospital days revealed that the cost percentages were assessed to be approximately 53% in 19 hospital days and approximately 45% in 12 hospital days.

The aetiology of oligomenorrhoea and/or hirsuties: a study of 467 patients.

PubMed Central

Ferriman, D.; Purdie, A. W.

1983-01-01

An analysis of 467 patients with oligomenorrhoea and/or hirsuties in respect to duration of the menstrual cycle, body hair growth, ovarian size and the presence of psychological factors has revealed some useful pointers to diagnosis in this syndrome. Some 70% probably suffered from polycystic ovarian disease. Hirsuties and post-pill amenorrhoea are strong pointers to such a diagnosis. Some 10% of the cases may have been psychogenic in origin and are notably found among non-hirsute patients with normal sized ovaries. Another 10% may have been physiological in nature. All other disorders accounted for no more than 10% of the cases. Anorexia nervosa and ovarian dysgenesis are particularly to be found among amenorrhoeic, non-hirsute patients with normal sized (or small) ovaries accounting for no less than 37% of this group in our series. PMID:6866869

Media accounts of unintentional child injury deaths in New Zealand: a teachable moment?

PubMed

John, Savesh; Kool, Bridget

2017-09-01

To review media accounts of fatal child unintentional injury events reported in leading New Zealand newspapers for their completeness and potential to deliver evidence-based injury prevention messages. Media accounts of fatal unintentional child (0-14 years) injury events in New Zealand's four largest newspapers between 2011 and 2015 were reviewed. Variables of interest included: date, mechanism of injury and victim details. The article prominence, presence of prevention messages and case ascertainment for the two leading causes of death (2011 to 2013 only) were evaluated. Two hundred and forty-two media accounts detailing 122 fatal child injury events (133 deaths) were located for the five-year period. The most common causes of injury were transport-related (56%) and drownings (21%). Only 20% (n=49) of accounts included clear prevention messages. Just over 33% of accounts included images and 66% were located within the first three pages. Case ascertainment in the media accounts was complete for all transport deaths and all but one drowning. The low frequency of prevention messages in the media accounts reviewed highlights a missed opportunity for the dissemination of prevention messages to the New Zealand public. The findings confirm the utility of these accounts as a timely source of fatal child injury information.

Sustainability of a Narrowed Achievement Gap: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Titus, Michael Richard

2010-01-01

Schools with student populations comprised predominantly of students of color, socioeconomically disadvantaged, and English Learners have traditionally been relegated to subpar educational opportunities. The accountability of the No Child Left Behind Act prodded schools to reexamine their instructional practices and implement more effective means…

21st Century Water Asset Accounting - Case Studies Report (WERF Report INFR6R12a)

EPA Science Inventory

America’s decaying water infrastructure presents significant financial and logistical challenges for water utilities. Green infrastructure has been gaining traction as a viable alternative and complement to traditional “grey” infrastructure for water management. Current accounti...

Challenges of Virtual School Leadership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richardson, Jayson W.; LaFrance, Jason; Beck, Dennis

2015-01-01

The purpose of this case study was to examine challenges faced by virtual school leaders in the United States. Through semistructured interviews, the researchers explored challenges faced by eighteen leaders of fully online or blended online programs. Analysis revealed six main challenges: funding, staff, accountability, time, parents, and…

Case Studies of Two High-Poverty High-Performing Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gehrke, Lori R.

2010-01-01

The existing literature on learning organizations emphasize that leadership and strong organizational culture are central to their successful development. Whereas schools continue to face government control, accountability, and financial restraints, they are also working diligently to engage in ongoing school improvement practices to provide…

A Crack Growth Evaluation Method for Interacting Multiple Cracks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamaya, Masayuki

When stress corrosion cracking or corrosion fatigue occurs, multiple cracks are frequently initiated in the same area. According to section XI of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, multiple cracks are considered as a single combined crack in crack growth analysis, if the specified conditions are satisfied. In crack growth processes, however, no prescription for the interference between multiple cracks is given in this code. The JSME Post-Construction Code, issued in May 2000, prescribes the conditions of crack coalescence in the crack growth process. This study aimed to extend this prescription to more general cases. A simulation model was applied, to simulate the crack growth process, taking into account the interference between two cracks. This model made it possible to analyze multiple crack growth behaviors for many cases (e. g. different relative position and length) that could not be studied by experiment only. Based on these analyses, a new crack growth analysis method was suggested for taking into account the interference between multiple cracks.

[Regional health systems management: a case study in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil].

PubMed

Lima, Juliano de Carvalho; Rivera, Francisco Javier Uribe

2006-10-01

This article analyzes the management system in a health district in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, through qualitative analysis, using a case study as the methodology and macro-organization theory as the analytical framework. For the current management system in the 6th Health Region, a clear mission statement and wide acceptance by health workers are facilitating factors for the current organizational practices within the health system. Nevertheless, the way health coordinators are currently prioritizing their time has diverted necessary resources from critical problems towards more remedial issues. The 6th Health Region has encouraged social control (or public oversight) in order to improve accountability. However, there is room for improvement in quality assurance management, since there were no well-defined goals, objectives, or accountability. Decentralized consultancy provided to the municipalities and the funding model itself have both promoted decentralization and autonomy, although the strategy requires better regional integration and greater commitment in managerial practices.

The Power of Exclusion using Automated Osteometric Sorting: Pair-Matching.

PubMed

Lynch, Jeffrey James; Byrd, John; LeGarde, Carrie B

2018-03-01

This study compares the original pair-matching osteometric sorting model (J Forensic Sci 2003;48:717) against two new models providing validation and performance testing across three samples. The samples include the Forensic Data Bank, USS Oklahoma, and the osteometric sorting reference used within the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency. A computer science solution to generating dynamic statistical models across a commingled assemblage is presented. The issue of normality is investigated showing the relative robustness against non-normality and a data transformation to control for normality. A case study is provided showing the relative exclusion power of all three models from an active commingled case within the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency. In total, 14,357,220 osteometric t-tests were conducted. The results indicate that osteometric sorting performs as expected despite reference samples deviating from normality. The two new models outperform the original, and one of those is recommended to supersede the original for future osteometric sorting work. © 2017 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

Using a Software Tool in Forecasting: a Case Study of Sales Forecasting Taking into Account Data Uncertainty

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fabianová, Jana; Kačmáry, Peter; Molnár, Vieroslav; Michalik, Peter

2016-10-01

Forecasting is one of the logistics activities and a sales forecast is the starting point for the elaboration of business plans. Forecast accuracy affects the business outcomes and ultimately may significantly affect the economic stability of the company. The accuracy of the prediction depends on the suitability of the use of forecasting methods, experience, quality of input data, time period and other factors. The input data are usually not deterministic but they are often of random nature. They are affected by uncertainties of the market environment, and many other factors. Taking into account the input data uncertainty, the forecast error can by reduced. This article deals with the use of the software tool for incorporating data uncertainty into forecasting. Proposals are presented of a forecasting approach and simulation of the impact of uncertain input parameters to the target forecasted value by this case study model. The statistical analysis and risk analysis of the forecast results is carried out including sensitivity analysis and variables impact analysis.

Management of fascial space infections in a Nigerian teaching hospital: A 4-year review.

PubMed

Osunde, Otasowie D; Akhiwu, Benjamin I; Efunkoya, Akinwale A; Adebola, Adetokunbo R; Iyogun, Cornelius A; Arotiba, Juwon T

2012-01-01

Fascial space infections of the head and neck region, usually odontogenic in origin, are routinely treated as an out-patient procedure. Untreated or rapidly spreading odontogenic infections can be potentially life threatening. The present study is a review of patients with orofacial infections who required emergent incision and drainage in the maxillofacial unit of our institution. The need for early presentation is highlighted. This is a retrospective study of patients with orofacial space infections between January 2007 and December 2010. Patients' case files were retrieved and demographic as well as clinical characteristics were obtained and analyzed. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant. A total of 53 patients with fascial space infection were seen over the period of study. Of the 41 patients reviewed, males accounted for 26 (63.4%) and females 15 (36.6%). Their ages ranged from 4 months to 80 years (mean 32.8± 18.3 years). There was no statistical difference between the mean age of male and female patients (t=-962, P=0.342). Submandibular space was the most frequently involved single space and accounted for 43.9% of the cases. This was followed by multiple space involvement (Ludwig angina) which accounted for 36.6%. Buccal space and submasseteric space infection represented 7.3% each. Sources of infections were of odontogenic origin in 92.7% of cases and were unknown in the remaining 7.3%. The outcome was satisfactory with complete resolution in 48.8% of cases. Resolution with some morbidities in the form of persistent limitation of mouth opening, orocutaneus fistula, and necrotising fascitis were seen in an almost equal proportion of 46.3% of cases. The outcome was observed to be significantly associated with the presence of underlying systemic conditions (χ(2) =21.66; r=0.73; P=0.0001), time of presentation (χ(2) =12.28; r=0.55; P=0.002), and age (χ(2) =54.48; r=0.69; P=0.0001). Fascial space infections of the head and neck region, though potentially life threatening, can be prevented by regular dental visits. Early recognition and treatment of established cases are necessary to prevent considerable morbidity and mortality, especially in older patients with an underlying systemic condition.

Classroom Interaction Studies as a Source for Teacher Competencies: The Use of Case Studies with Multiple Instruments for Studying Teacher Competencies in Multicultural Classes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

den Brok, Perry; van Eerde, Dolly; Hajer, Maaike

2010-01-01

Dealing with ethnic and linguistic diversity is one of the major challenges in today's education. Therefore, the formulation of competencies for teachers and teacher training should take into account the specific requirements of teaching in multicultural schools. In 2002, a series of small-scale studies were conducted to identify and formulate…

Unilateral retinitis pigmentosa and cone-rod dystrophy

PubMed Central

Farrell, Donald F

2009-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to report 14 new cases of unilateral retinitis pigmentosa and three new cases of cone-rod dystrophy and to compare the similarities and dissimilarities to those found in the bilateral forms of these disorders. Methods: A total of 272 cases of retinitis pigmentosa and 167 cases of cone-rod dystrophy were studied by corneal full field electroretinograms and electrooculograms. The student t-test was used to compare categories. Results: The percentage of familial and nonfamilial cases was the same for the bilateral and unilateral forms of the disease. In our series, unilateral retinitis pigmentosa makes up approximately 5% of the total population of retinitis pigmentosa, while unilateral cone-rod dystrophy makes up only about 2% of the total. In the familial forms of unilateral retinitis pigmentosa the most common inheritance pattern was autosomal dominant and all affected relatives had bilateral disease. Conclusion: Unilateral retinitis pigmentosa and cone-rod dystrophy appear to be directly related to the more common bilateral forms of these disorders. The genetic mechanisms which account for asymmetric disorders are not currently understood. It may be a different unidentified mutation at a single loci or it is possible that nonlinked mutations in multiple loci account for this unusual disorder. PMID:19668577

Urban Sanctuary Schools for Diverse Populations: Examining Curricular Expectations and School Effectiveness for Student Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liou, Daniel D.; Marsh, Tyson E. J.; Antrop-González, René

2017-01-01

This ethnographic case study problematizes the current high stakes accountability efforts that have led many school leaders to inadvertently maintain a school environment in which deficit perspectives and low academic expectations in the classroom persist. Drawing from an urban sanctuary school framework, this study works to center the voices of…

The use of marker-data transformations to account for linkage disequilibrium in genomic selection: a case study in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Genomic selection (GS) is an attractive technology to generate rapid genetic gains, particularly in perennial grass species like switchgrass, where phenotyping generally requires at least two years of field trial. In this study, we empirically assessed prediction procedures for GS in two different p...

Preliminary Study of the Effect of Incremental Rehearsal with a Morphological Component for Teaching Chinese Character Recognition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kwong, Elena; Burns, Matthew K.

2016-01-01

The current study examined the effectiveness of Incremental Rehearsal (IR) for teaching Chinese character recognition using a single-case experimental design. In addition, a morphological component was added to standard IR procedures (IRM) to take into account the role of morphological awareness in Chinese reading. Three kindergarten students in…

Charter School Autonomy: The Mismatch between Theory and Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finnigan, Kara S.

2007-01-01

In theory, the charter school concept is based on a trade-off or exchange: greater autonomy for increased accountability. Although charter schools have been operating for more than 10 years, little is known about charter school autonomy in practice. This mixed-methods study used survey and case study data to examine the degree of autonomy of…

Interplay of School Welfare Provision and Teacher Performance: The Case of Ugandan Secondary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Naluwemba, Frances; Sekiwu, Denis; Okwenje, Vicent

2016-01-01

This is an account of a cross-sectional study of how school welfare provision influences teacher performance in six government aided secondary schools in Uganda. The study was largely a mixed method involving semi-structured questionnaires and interviews with a convenience sample of 221 participants in the categories of teachers, head teachers,…

Teaching for Ownership in the Middle School Science Classroom: Towards Practical Inquiry in an Age of Accountability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clayton, Christine D.; Ardito, Gerald

2009-01-01

The authors of this study document one middle school classroom in an attempt to understand how inquiry learning, supported with technological tools, can provide students with opportunities to develop ownership of science content knowledge. Case study and collaborative teacher researcher methods were utilized to document the implementation of a…

The Labour Market, Graduate Competences and Study Programme Development: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sirca, Nada Trunk; Nastav, Bojan; Lesjak, Dusan; Sulcic, Viktorija

2006-01-01

Developments in higher education are taking place in the wider context of globalisation, the Lisbon strategy and within the framework of the Bologna Process. Designing and developing Bologna programmes by taking into account the needs of the economy is a tool for successful quality assurance in higher education and for close cooperation with the…

Definitions and Uses: Case Study of Teachers Implementing Project-Based Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tamim, Suha R.; Grant, Michael M.

2013-01-01

The purpose of this descriptive study was to explore inservice teachers' definitions of project-based learning (PjBL) and their accounts on the meaning of their PjBL implementations. A purposive sample of six teachers from grades four through twelve in public and private schools participated. Three themes evolved from inductive analysis: (1)…

Organizational Culture, Performance and Career Choices of Ph.D.s: A Case Study of Dutch Medical Researchers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van der Weijden, Inge; de Gilder, Dick; Groenewegen, Peter; Geerling, Maaike

2008-01-01

Increasing demands for accountability and applicability raise the question of how organizational factors affect researchers' performance and career choices. In a study of Dutch medical Ph.D. student's experiences, organizational culture and climate and attitudes towards research quality are related to performance and career choices. Ph.D.s who…

77 FR 27545 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2005-59; Introduction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-10

... Revision of Cost 2012-003 Chambers. Accounting Standards Threshold. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Summaries... substantial number of small entities. Item III--Revision of Cost Accounting Standards Threshold (FAR Case 2012-003) This final rule revises the cost accounting standards (CAS) threshold in order to implement in...

Balancing the Vocational and Academic Dimensions of Accounting Education: The Case for a Core Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paisey, Catriona; Paisey, Nicholas J.

2007-01-01

Knowledge is a defining characteristic of professions but, given the ever-increasing knowledge base, curricula in professional disciplines are becoming overcrowded. This paper discusses propositional/declarative knowledge in relation to the accounting knowledge base. Historically, professional areas such as medicine, law and accountancy have…

5 CFR 2606.207 - Accounting of disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... disclosures in cases where records about the data subject are disclosed from OGE's system of records except..., the accounting of disclosures will be made available to the data subject upon request in accordance... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Accounting of disclosures. 2606.207...

5 CFR 2606.207 - Accounting of disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... disclosures in cases where records about the data subject are disclosed from OGE's system of records except..., the accounting of disclosures will be made available to the data subject upon request in accordance... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Accounting of disclosures. 2606.207...

5 CFR 2606.207 - Accounting of disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... disclosures in cases where records about the data subject are disclosed from OGE's system of records except..., the accounting of disclosures will be made available to the data subject upon request in accordance... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Accounting of disclosures. 2606.207...

76 FR 14541 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2005-50; Introduction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-16

... measurement of pension cost,'' and 415 ``Accounting for the cost of deferred compensation.'' Formerly, the... Chambers. Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices for Contracts Awarded to Foreign Concerns. IX... of Cost Accounting Practices for Contracts Awarded to Foreign Concerns (FAR Case 2009-025) This final...

Partitioning Detectability Components in Populations Subject to Within-Season Temporary Emigration Using Binomial Mixture Models

PubMed Central

O’Donnell, Katherine M.; Thompson, Frank R.; Semlitsch, Raymond D.

2015-01-01

Detectability of individual animals is highly variable and nearly always < 1; imperfect detection must be accounted for to reliably estimate population sizes and trends. Hierarchical models can simultaneously estimate abundance and effective detection probability, but there are several different mechanisms that cause variation in detectability. Neglecting temporary emigration can lead to biased population estimates because availability and conditional detection probability are confounded. In this study, we extend previous hierarchical binomial mixture models to account for multiple sources of variation in detectability. The state process of the hierarchical model describes ecological mechanisms that generate spatial and temporal patterns in abundance, while the observation model accounts for the imperfect nature of counting individuals due to temporary emigration and false absences. We illustrate our model’s potential advantages, including the allowance of temporary emigration between sampling periods, with a case study of southern red-backed salamanders Plethodon serratus. We fit our model and a standard binomial mixture model to counts of terrestrial salamanders surveyed at 40 sites during 3–5 surveys each spring and fall 2010–2012. Our models generated similar parameter estimates to standard binomial mixture models. Aspect was the best predictor of salamander abundance in our case study; abundance increased as aspect became more northeasterly. Increased time-since-rainfall strongly decreased salamander surface activity (i.e. availability for sampling), while higher amounts of woody cover objects and rocks increased conditional detection probability (i.e. probability of capture, given an animal is exposed to sampling). By explicitly accounting for both components of detectability, we increased congruence between our statistical modeling and our ecological understanding of the system. We stress the importance of choosing survey locations and protocols that maximize species availability and conditional detection probability to increase population parameter estimate reliability. PMID:25775182

Whiplash injury: cases with a long period of sick leave need biomechanical assessment.

PubMed

Schmitt, K-U; Walz, F; Vetter, D; Muser, M

2003-06-01

A total of 668 cases of cervical spine disorders (CSD) sustained in automotive collisions were analysed. All cases had a minimum sick leave duration of 4 weeks. To evaluate these cases a scheme was developed that takes into account technical, medical, and biomechanical aspects. For each case, the delta-v value of the underlying collision was estimated, the medical files were analysed, and a QTF (Québec Task Force) grade was assigned. In addition, the medical history of the patient was reviewed. It was found that the QTF grade for patients with pre-existing damage of the neck or pre-existing signs differed significantly from those patients without such a history. The overall assessment, which stated the extent to which the symptoms claimed could be explained by the impact, was also found to be significantly influenced by a history of neck injury. The results of the study showed that in about 50% of the cases where the technical analysis alone would not suggest that the symptoms shown could be explained by the impact, those symptoms could be explained when patient history and the collision circumstances were taken into consideration. It also found that medical evaluation based on a QTF grade alone cannot assess the explicability of claimed CSD without taking into account the collision circumstances. Therefore, the assessment of critical individual relevant biomechanical factors is necessary.

Endometrial Cancer Trends by Race and Histology in the USA: Projecting the Number of New Cases from 2015 to 2040.

PubMed

Gaber, Charles; Meza, Rafael; Ruterbusch, Julie J; Cote, Michele L

2016-10-17

The aim of this study is to explore incidence and incidence-based mortality trends for endometrial cancer in the USA and project future incident cases, accounting for differences by race and histological subtype. Data on age-adjusted and age-specific incidence and mortality rates of endometrial cancer were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 registries. Trends in rates were analyzed using Joinpoint regression, and average annual percent change (AAPC) in recent years (2006-2011) was computed for histological subtypes by race. Age, histological, and race-specific rates were applied to US Census Bureau population census estimates to project new cases from 2015 to 2040, accounting for observed AAPC trends, which were progressively attenuated for the future years. The annual number of cases is projected to increase substantially from 2015 to 2040 across all racial groups. Considerable variation in incidence and mortality trends was observed both between and within racial groups when considering histology. As the US population undergoes demographic changes, incidence of endometrial cancer is projected to rise. The increase will occur in all racial groups, but larger increases will be seen in aggressive histology subtypes that disproportionately affect black women.

Accountability in action?: the case of a database purchasing decision.

PubMed

Neyland, Daniel; Woolgar, Steve

2002-06-01

The increasing prevalence of audit in university settings has raised concerns about the potentially adverse effects of invasive measures of performance upon the conduct of research and generation of knowledge. What sustains the current commitment to audit? It is argued that in order to address this question we need to understand how and to what extent notions of accountability are played out in practice. This is illustrated through the analysis of materials from an ethnographic study of 'good management practice' in the deployment of technologies in university settings. The paper examines the ways in which ideas of accountability - involving considerations such as 'value for money' - inform the practical processes of deciding about the purchase of a new database technology.

The economic benefits of malaria elimination: do they include increases in tourism?

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Policy makers have speculated that one of the economic benefits of malaria elimination includes increases in foreign direct investment, particularly tourism. Methods This study examines the empirical relationship between the demand for travel and malaria cases in two countries with large tourism industries around the time in which they carried out malaria-elimination campaigns. In Mauritius, this analysis examines historical, yearly tourist arrivals and malaria cases from 1978–1999, accounting for the background secular trend of increasing international travel. In Dominican Republic, a country embarking upon malaria elimination, it employs a time-series analysis of the monthly, international tourist arrivals from 1998–2010 to determine whether the timing of significant deviations in tourist arrivals coincides with malaria outbreaks. Results While naïve relationships exist in both cases, the results show that the relationships between tourist arrivals and malaria cases are relatively weak and statistically insignificant once secular confounders are accounted for. Conclusions This suggests that any economic benefits from tourism that may be derived from actively pursuing elimination in countries that have high tourism potential are likely to be small when measured at a national level. Rather, tourism benefits are likely to be experienced with greater impact in more concentrated tourist areas within countries, and future studies should seek to assess these relationships at a regional or local level. PMID:22839351

Characterizing a large outbreak of dengue fever in Guangdong Province, China.

PubMed

Xiao, Jian-Peng; He, Jian-Feng; Deng, Ai-Ping; Lin, Hua-Liang; Song, Tie; Peng, Zhi-Qiang; Wu, Xiao-Cheng; Liu, Tao; Li, Zhi-Hao; Rutherford, Shannon; Zeng, Wei-Lin; Li, Xing; Ma, Wen-Jun; Zhang, Yong-Hui

2016-05-03

Dengue cases have been reported each year for the past 25 years in Guangdong Province, China with a recorded historical peak in 2014. This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics of this large outbreak in order to better understand its epidemic factors and to inform control strategies. Data for clinically diagnosed and laboratory-confirmed dengue fever cases in 2014 were extracted from the China Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System. We analyzed the incidence and characteristics of imported and indigenous cases in terms of population, temporal and spatial distributions. A total of 45 224 dengue fever cases and 6 deaths were notified in Guangdong Province in 2014, with an incidence of 47.3 per 100 000 people. The elderly (65+ years) represented 11.7 % of total indigenous cases with the highest incidence (72.3 per 100 000). Household workers and the unemployed accounted for 23.1 % of indigenous cases. The majority of indigenous cases occurred in the 37(th) to 44(th) week of 2014 (September and October) and almost all (20 of 21) prefecture-level cities in Guangdong were affected. Compared to the non-Pearl River Delta Region, the Pearl River Delta Region accounted for the majority of dengue cases and reported cases earlier in 2014. Dengue virus serotypes 1 (DENV-1), 2 (DENV-2) and 3 (DENV-3) were detected and DENV-1 was predominant (88.4 %). Dengue fever is a serious public health problem and is emerging as a continuous threat in Guangdong Province. There is an urgent need to enhance dengue surveillance and control, especially for the high-risk populations in high-risk areas.

Protecting genetic materials and genetic information: a case study of Guthrie Cards in Victoria.

PubMed

Lawson, C; Smith, R

2001-11-01

The authors are privileged to have been provided with correspondence about a dispute over the ongoing storage of genetic material (as Guthrie Cards) in Victoria. The correspondence details confusion over the roles of government and the private sector service provider in accounting for the storage, use and destruction of these stored genetic materials collected as part of a government public health program. The purpose in publishing this account is to highlight the present inadequacies in current practices and the ongoing potential for a crisis in the management of collected genetic materials through a lack of appropriate regulation, transparency and accountability. The article suggests measures to remedy some of the existing inadequacies in contractual arrangements and recommends that the government retain ownership and control of both the genetic materials and the derived information to ensure some accountability in the present legal environment.

Quantification of pathogen inactivation efficacy by free chlorine disinfection of drinking water for QMRA.

PubMed

Petterson, S R; Stenström, T A

2015-09-01

To support the implementation of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) for managing infectious risks associated with drinking water systems, a simple modeling approach for quantifying Log10 reduction across a free chlorine disinfection contactor was developed. The study was undertaken in three stages: firstly, review of the laboratory studies published in the literature; secondly, development of a conceptual approach to apply the laboratory studies to full-scale conditions; and finally implementation of the calculations for a hypothetical case study system. The developed model explicitly accounted for variability in residence time and pathogen specific chlorine sensitivity. Survival functions were constructed for a range of pathogens relying on the upper bound of the reported data transformed to a common metric. The application of the model within a hypothetical case study demonstrated the importance of accounting for variable residence time in QMRA. While the overall Log10 reduction may appear high, small parcels of water with short residence time can compromise the overall performance of the barrier. While theoretically simple, the approach presented is of great value for undertaking an initial assessment of a full-scale disinfection contactor based on limited site-specific information.

Analysis of the Global Warming Potential of Biogenic CO2 Emission in Life Cycle Assessments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Weiguo; Zhang, Zhonghui; Xie, Xinfeng; Yu, Zhen; von Gadow, Klaus; Xu, Junming; Zhao, Shanshan; Yang, Yuchun

2017-01-01

Biomass is generally believed to be carbon neutral. However, recent studies have challenged the carbon neutrality hypothesis by introducing metric indicators to assess the global warming potential of biogenic CO2 (GWPbio). In this study we calculated the GWPbio factors using a forest growth model and radiative forcing effects with a time horizon of 100 years and applied the factors to five life cycle assessment (LCA) case studies of bioproducts. The forest carbon change was also accounted for in the LCA studies. GWPbio factors ranged from 0.13-0.32, indicating that biomass could be an attractive energy resource when compared with fossil fuels. As expected, short rotation and fast-growing biomass plantations produced low GWPbio. Long-lived wood products also allowed more regrowth of biomass to be accounted as absorption of the CO2 emission from biomass combustion. The LCA case studies showed that the total life cycle GHG emissions were closely related to GWPbio and energy conversion efficiency. By considering the GWPbio factors and the forest carbon change, the production of ethanol and bio-power appeared to have higher GHG emissions than petroleum-derived diesel at the highest GWPbio.

Analysis of the Global Warming Potential of Biogenic CO2 Emission in Life Cycle Assessments

PubMed Central

Liu, Weiguo; Zhang, Zhonghui; Xie, Xinfeng; Yu, Zhen; von Gadow, Klaus; Xu, Junming; Zhao, Shanshan; Yang, Yuchun

2017-01-01

Biomass is generally believed to be carbon neutral. However, recent studies have challenged the carbon neutrality hypothesis by introducing metric indicators to assess the global warming potential of biogenic CO2 (GWPbio). In this study we calculated the GWPbio factors using a forest growth model and radiative forcing effects with a time horizon of 100 years and applied the factors to five life cycle assessment (LCA) case studies of bioproducts. The forest carbon change was also accounted for in the LCA studies. GWPbio factors ranged from 0.13–0.32, indicating that biomass could be an attractive energy resource when compared with fossil fuels. As expected, short rotation and fast-growing biomass plantations produced low GWPbio. Long-lived wood products also allowed more regrowth of biomass to be accounted as absorption of the CO2 emission from biomass combustion. The LCA case studies showed that the total life cycle GHG emissions were closely related to GWPbio and energy conversion efficiency. By considering the GWPbio factors and the forest carbon change, the production of ethanol and bio-power appeared to have higher GHG emissions than petroleum-derived diesel at the highest GWPbio. PMID:28045111

Analysis of the Global Warming Potential of Biogenic CO2 Emission in Life Cycle Assessments.

PubMed

Liu, Weiguo; Zhang, Zhonghui; Xie, Xinfeng; Yu, Zhen; von Gadow, Klaus; Xu, Junming; Zhao, Shanshan; Yang, Yuchun

2017-01-03

Biomass is generally believed to be carbon neutral. However, recent studies have challenged the carbon neutrality hypothesis by introducing metric indicators to assess the global warming potential of biogenic CO 2 (GWP bio ). In this study we calculated the GWP bio factors using a forest growth model and radiative forcing effects with a time horizon of 100 years and applied the factors to five life cycle assessment (LCA) case studies of bioproducts. The forest carbon change was also accounted for in the LCA studies. GWP bio factors ranged from 0.13-0.32, indicating that biomass could be an attractive energy resource when compared with fossil fuels. As expected, short rotation and fast-growing biomass plantations produced low GWP bio . Long-lived wood products also allowed more regrowth of biomass to be accounted as absorption of the CO 2 emission from biomass combustion. The LCA case studies showed that the total life cycle GHG emissions were closely related to GWP bio and energy conversion efficiency. By considering the GWP bio factors and the forest carbon change, the production of ethanol and bio-power appeared to have higher GHG emissions than petroleum-derived diesel at the highest GWP bio .

Correlation of metastasis characteristics with prognosis in gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma

PubMed Central

Tang, Qiang; Zhou, Zili; Chen, Jinhuang; Di, Maojun; Ji, Jintong; Yuan, Wenzheng; Liu, Zhengyi; Wu, Liang; Zhang, Xudan; Li, Kang; Shu, Xiaogang

2017-01-01

Abstract Rationale: This article is aimed to retrospect the clinicopathological data of 2 cases of gastric MANENCs. MANEC is a rare biphasic tumor type that is coexistence of dual neuroendocrine and adenocarcinoma differentiation with each composing exceeding 30% volume. Gastric MANEC have just been reported anecdotally in the literature due to their rarity and heterogeneity. According to our study, these neoplasms have 3 different metastasis patterns: only adenocarcinomatous or neuroendocrine carcinoma and both of the 2 components. We first focus on the correlation of metastasis characteristics with prognosis in gastric MANEC, which may be potential implications for the choice of chemotherapy. Patient concerns: The 2 cases of patient shared several symptoms: epigastric discomfort, weight loss, hematemesis, or melena. Diagnosis: The 2 patients were diagnosis as MANEC based on the identification of histopathological analysis. In case 1, the poor differentiated adenocarcinoma accounted for 30%, the neuroendocrine part account for 70% and both of the 2 components metastasized to the lymph nodes, whereas in case 2, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma accounted for 70%, the neuroendocrine part for 30% and only the glandular component invaded regional lymph nodes. Interventions: The first patient underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy and underwent adjuvant chemotherapy, combination of cisplatin, and etoposide successfully. The second patient received radical gastronomy, and did not receive any chemotherapy due to general weakness. Outcomes: The first patient is alive with no evidence of recurrence, and the second patient died 6 months after the operation. Lessons: The assessment of metastatic sites should be a routine pathological practice, which is crucial for clinical decision-making and the selection of management. PMID:29390331

Achieving Education for Technological Capability in Scotland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McLaren, Susan V.

2003-01-01

Design and technology (D&T) education involves learners coping creatively with complexity. It must take account of a wide range of often apparently conflicting demands and constraints: aesthetic, economic, political, ethical, social, and environmental as well as ergonomic, technical, and scientific. Case study tasks describe a relatively…

Employability in Online Higher Education: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Silva, Ana Paula; Lourtie, Pedro; Aires, Luisa

2013-01-01

Over the past 15 years, learning in distance education universities has become more interactive, flexible, collaborative, and participative. Nevertheless, some accounts have highlighted the importance of developing more instrumental and standardized educational practices to answer the challenges of employability. In fact, the choice of skills that…

Technology Supported Learning and Teaching: A Staff Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Donoghue, John, Ed.

2006-01-01

"Technology Supported Learning and Teaching: A Staff Perspective" presents accounts and case studies of first-hand experience in developing, implementing, or evaluating learning technologies. This book highlights the many areas in which practitioners are attempting to implement learning technologies and reflects themes of current topical interest.…

Understanding ADHD from a Biopsychosocial-Cultural Framework: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pham, Andy V.

2015-01-01

The biopsychosocial-cultural framework is a systemic and multifaceted approach to assessment and intervention that takes into account biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors that influence human functioning and service delivery. Although originally developed to assess physical health and medical illness, this contemporary model can…

Refined ambient PM2.5 exposure surrogates and the risk of myocardial infarction

EPA Science Inventory

Using a case-crossover study design and conditional logistic regression, we compared the relative odds of transmural (full-wall) myocardial infarction (MI) calculated using exposure surrogates that account for human activity patterns and the indoor transport of ambient PM_2....

Feminist Educational Leadership in a New Zealand Neo-Liberal Context.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strachan, Jane

1999-01-01

Uses a qualitative, feminist, case-study methodology to research the feminist leadership of three women secondary principals in New Zealand. Being student-focused was central to feminist educational leaders' practice within a neoliberal context demanding increased financial, accountability, and marketing responsibilities. They prevailed by working…

Collegial Participation in University Governance: A Case Study of Institutional Change

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meyer, Luanna H.

2007-01-01

New Zealand universities have undergone significant structural change accompanied by declining public funding and increasing demands for accountability in recent years. In 2000, one of the country's largest universities redirected resources and funding in a "repositioning" exercise that resulted in redundancies and other consequences…

Jeb Stewart's Dilemma

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cedo, Kelli M.; Dickerson, William E.

2010-01-01

This case study creates a dilemma that many school districts face. Public education is under-funded. Principals are expected to be the instructional leaders and are held accountable for student achievement. Is it appropriate then for public schools to have local businesses as benefactors when teaching personnel are involved? The conflict between…

Disease Mapping of Zero-excessive Mesothelioma Data in Flanders

PubMed Central

Neyens, Thomas; Lawson, Andrew B.; Kirby, Russell S.; Nuyts, Valerie; Watjou, Kevin; Aregay, Mehreteab; Carroll, Rachel; Nawrot, Tim S.; Faes, Christel

2016-01-01

Purpose To investigate the distribution of mesothelioma in Flanders using Bayesian disease mapping models that account for both an excess of zeros and overdispersion. Methods The numbers of newly diagnosed mesothelioma cases within all Flemish municipalities between 1999 and 2008 were obtained from the Belgian Cancer Registry. To deal with overdispersion, zero-inflation and geographical association, the hurdle combined model was proposed, which has three components: a Bernoulli zero-inflation mixture component to account for excess zeros, a gamma random effect to adjust for overdispersion and a normal conditional autoregressive random effect to attribute spatial association. This model was compared with other existing methods in literature. Results The results indicate that hurdle models with a random effects term accounting for extra-variance in the Bernoulli zero-inflation component fit the data better than hurdle models that do not take overdispersion in the occurrence of zeros into account. Furthermore, traditional models that do not take into account excessive zeros but contain at least one random effects term that models extra-variance in the counts have better fits compared to their hurdle counterparts. In other words, the extra-variability, due to an excess of zeros, can be accommodated by spatially structured and/or unstructured random effects in a Poisson model such that the hurdle mixture model is not necessary. Conclusions Models taking into account zero-inflation do not always provide better fits to data with excessive zeros than less complex models. In this study, a simple conditional autoregressive model identified a cluster in mesothelioma cases near a former asbestos processing plant (Kapelle-op-den-Bos). This observation is likely linked with historical local asbestos exposures. Future research will clarify this. PMID:27908590

Disease mapping of zero-excessive mesothelioma data in Flanders.

PubMed

Neyens, Thomas; Lawson, Andrew B; Kirby, Russell S; Nuyts, Valerie; Watjou, Kevin; Aregay, Mehreteab; Carroll, Rachel; Nawrot, Tim S; Faes, Christel

2017-01-01

To investigate the distribution of mesothelioma in Flanders using Bayesian disease mapping models that account for both an excess of zeros and overdispersion. The numbers of newly diagnosed mesothelioma cases within all Flemish municipalities between 1999 and 2008 were obtained from the Belgian Cancer Registry. To deal with overdispersion, zero inflation, and geographical association, the hurdle combined model was proposed, which has three components: a Bernoulli zero-inflation mixture component to account for excess zeros, a gamma random effect to adjust for overdispersion, and a normal conditional autoregressive random effect to attribute spatial association. This model was compared with other existing methods in literature. The results indicate that hurdle models with a random effects term accounting for extra variance in the Bernoulli zero-inflation component fit the data better than hurdle models that do not take overdispersion in the occurrence of zeros into account. Furthermore, traditional models that do not take into account excessive zeros but contain at least one random effects term that models extra variance in the counts have better fits compared to their hurdle counterparts. In other words, the extra variability, due to an excess of zeros, can be accommodated by spatially structured and/or unstructured random effects in a Poisson model such that the hurdle mixture model is not necessary. Models taking into account zero inflation do not always provide better fits to data with excessive zeros than less complex models. In this study, a simple conditional autoregressive model identified a cluster in mesothelioma cases near a former asbestos processing plant (Kapelle-op-den-Bos). This observation is likely linked with historical local asbestos exposures. Future research will clarify this. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining matched and unmatched control groups in case-control studies.

PubMed

le Cessie, Saskia; Nagelkerke, Nico; Rosendaal, Frits R; van Stralen, Karlijn J; Pomp, Elisabeth R; van Houwelingen, Hans C

2008-11-15

Multiple control groups in case-control studies are used to control for different sources of confounding. For example, cases can be contrasted with matched controls to adjust for multiple genetic or unknown lifestyle factors and simultaneously contrasted with an unmatched population-based control group. Inclusion of different control groups for a single exposure analysis yields several estimates of the odds ratio, all using only part of the data. Here the authors introduce an easy way to combine odds ratios from several case-control analyses with the same cases. The approach is based upon methods used for meta-analysis but takes into account the fact that the same cases are used and that the estimated odds ratios are therefore correlated. Two ways of estimating this correlation are discussed: sandwich methodology and the bootstrap. Confidence intervals for the pooled estimates and a test for checking whether the odds ratios in the separate case-control studies differ significantly are derived. The performance of the method is studied by simulation and by applying the methods to a large study on risk factors for thrombosis, the MEGA Study (1999-2004), wherein cases with first venous thrombosis were included with a matched control group of partners and an unmatched population-based control group.

26 CFR 1.404(a)-1 - Contributions of an employer to an employees' trust or annuity plan and compensation under a...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the taxpayer may make his returns on the accrual method of accounting. Exceptions are made in the case... section 404(a)(6), in the case of payments made by a taxpayer on the accrual method of accounting not later than the time prescribed by law for filing the return for the taxable year of accrual (including...

Description of hospitalized cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection on the basis of the national hospitalized-case surveillance, 2009-2010, Japan.

PubMed

Shimada, Tomoe; Sunagawa, Tomimasa; Taniguchi, Kiyosu; Yahata, Yuichiro; Kamiya, Hajime; Yamamoto, Kumi Ueno; Yasui, Yoshinori; Okabe, Nobuhiko

2015-01-01

This study reports the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection analyzed on the basis of surveillance data collected from July 24, 2009, the date on which the hospital-based surveillance of influenza cases was implemented in Japan, to September 5, 2010. During the study period, 13,581 confirmed cases were reported. Among those cases with information regarding the reason for hospitalization, 39% were admitted to hospitals for non-therapeutic purposes such as medical observation and laboratory testing. The overall hospitalization rate was 5.8 cases per 100,000 population when cases hospitalized for non-therapeutic purposes were excluded. While those aged under 20 years accounted for over 85% of hospitalized cases, the largest proportion of fatal cases was observed in those aged over 65 years. The overall case fatality rate for all hospitalized cases was 1.5%. The year-round surveillance for hospitalized influenza-like illness cases was launched in 2011, and it was expected that this surveillance system could add value by monitoring changes in the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized cases of seasonal influenza.

Local bladder cancer clusters in southeastern Michigan accounting for risk factors, covariates and residential mobility.

PubMed

Jacquez, Geoffrey M; Shi, Chen; Meliker, Jaymie R

2015-01-01

In case control studies disease risk not explained by the significant risk factors is the unexplained risk. Considering unexplained risk for specific populations, places and times can reveal the signature of unidentified risk factors and risk factors not fully accounted for in the case-control study. This potentially can lead to new hypotheses regarding disease causation. Global, local and focused Q-statistics are applied to data from a population-based case-control study of 11 southeast Michigan counties. Analyses were conducted using both year- and age-based measures of time. The analyses were adjusted for arsenic exposure, education, smoking, family history of bladder cancer, occupational exposure to bladder cancer carcinogens, age, gender, and race. Significant global clustering of cases was not found. Such a finding would indicate large-scale clustering of cases relative to controls through time. However, highly significant local clusters were found in Ingham County near Lansing, in Oakland County, and in the City of Jackson, Michigan. The Jackson City cluster was observed in working-ages and is thus consistent with occupational causes. The Ingham County cluster persists over time, suggesting a broad-based geographically defined exposure. Focused clusters were found for 20 industrial sites engaged in manufacturing activities associated with known or suspected bladder cancer carcinogens. Set-based tests that adjusted for multiple testing were not significant, although local clusters persisted through time and temporal trends in probability of local tests were observed. Q analyses provide a powerful tool for unpacking unexplained disease risk from case-control studies. This is particularly useful when the effect of risk factors varies spatially, through time, or through both space and time. For bladder cancer in Michigan, the next step is to investigate causal hypotheses that may explain the excess bladder cancer risk localized to areas of Oakland and Ingham counties, and to the City of Jackson.

A prevalence-based association test for case-control studies.

PubMed

Ryckman, Kelli K; Jiang, Lan; Li, Chun; Bartlett, Jacquelaine; Haines, Jonathan L; Williams, Scott M

2008-11-01

Genetic association is often determined in case-control studies by the differential distribution of alleles or genotypes. Recent work has demonstrated that association can also be assessed by deviations from the expected distributions of alleles or genotypes. Specifically, multiple methods motivated by the principles of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) have been developed. However, these methods do not take into account many of the assumptions of HWE. Therefore, we have developed a prevalence-based association test (PRAT) as an alternative method for detecting association in case-control studies. This method, also motivated by the principles of HWE, uses an estimated population allele frequency to generate expected genotype frequencies instead of using the case and control frequencies separately. Our method often has greater power, under a wide variety of genetic models, to detect association than genotypic, allelic or Cochran-Armitage trend association tests. Therefore, we propose PRAT as a powerful alternative method of testing for association.

The unaccountability case of plastic pellet pollution.

PubMed

Karlsson, Therese M; Arneborg, Lars; Broström, Göran; Almroth, Bethanie Carney; Gipperth, Lena; Hassellöv, Martin

2018-04-01

Plastic preproduction pellets are found in environmental samples all over the world and their presence is often linked to spills during production and transportation. To better understand how these pellets end up in the environment we assessed the release of plastic pellets from a polyethylene production site in a case study area on the Swedish west coast. The case study encompasses; field measurements to evaluate the level of pollution and pathways, models and drifters to investigate the potential spread and a revision of the legal framework and the company permits. This case study show that millions of pellets are released from the production site annually but also that there are national and international legal frameworks that if implemented could help prevent these spills. Bearing in mind the negative effects observed by plastic pollution there is an urgent need to increase the responsibility and accountability of these spills. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Pattern Classification of Endocervical Adenocarcinoma: Reproducibility and Review of Criteria

PubMed Central

Rutgers, Joanne K.L.; Roma, Andres; Park, Kay; Zaino, Richard J.; Johnson, Abbey; Alvarado, Isabel; Daya, Dean; Rasty, Golnar; Longacre, Teri; Ronnett, Brigitte; Silva, Elvio

2017-01-01

Previously, our international team proposed a 3-tiered pattern classification (Pattern Classification) system for endocervical adenocarcinoma of the usual type that correlates with nodal disease and recurrence. Pattern Classification- A have well demarcated glands lacking destructive stromal invasion or lymphovascular invasion (lymphovascular invasion), Pattern Classification- B show localized, limited destructive invasion arising from A-type glands, and Pattern Classification- C have diffuse destructive stromal invasion, significant (filling a 4× field) confluence, or solid architecture. 24 Pattern Classification-A, 22 Pattern Classification-B, 38 Pattern Classification-C from the tumor set used in the original description were chosen using the reference diagnosis (reference diagnosis) originally established. 1 H&E slide per case was reviewed by 7 gynecologic pathologists, 4 from the original study. Kappa statistics were prepared, and cases with discrepancies reviewed. We found a majority agreement with reference diagnosis in 81% of cases, with complete or near complete (6 of 7) agreement in 50%. Overall concordance was 74%. Overall Kappa (agreement among pathologists) was .488 (moderate agreement). Pattern Classification- B has lowest kappa, and agreement is not improved by combining B+C. 6 of 7 reviewers had substantial agreement by weighted kappas (>.6), with one reviewer accounting for the majority of cases under or overcalled by 2 tiers. Confluence filling a 4× field, labyrinthine glands, or solid architecture accounted for undercalling other reference diagnosis-C cases. Missing a few individually infiltrative cells was the most common cause of undercalling reference diagnosis- B. Small foci of inflamed, loose or desmoplastic stroma lacking infiltrative tumor cells in reference diagnosis-A appeared to account for those cases up-graded to Pattern Classification-B. In summary, an overall concordance of 74% indicates that the criteria can be reproducibly applied by gynecologic pathologists. Further refinement of criteria should allow use of this powerful classification system to delineate which cervical adenocarcinomas can be safely treated conservatively. PMID:27255163

[Study of gene mutation in 62 hemophilia A children].

PubMed

Hu, Q; Liu, A G; Zhang, L Q; Zhang, A; Wang, Y Q; Wang, S M; Lu, Y J; Wang, X

2017-11-02

Objective: To analyze the mutation type of FⅧ gene in children with hemophilia A and to explore the relationship among hemophilia gene mutation spectrum, gene mutation and clinical phenotype. Method: Sixty-two children with hemophilia A from Department of Pediatric Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology between January 2015 and March 2017 were enrolled. All patients were male, aged from 4 months to 7 years and F Ⅷ activity ranged 0.2%-11.0%. Fifty cases had severe, 10 cases had moderate and 2 cases had mild hemophilia A. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood in hemophilia A children and the target gene fragment was amplified by PCR, in combination with the second generation sequencing, 22 and 1 introns were detected. Negative cases were detected by the second generation sequencing and results were compared with those of the international FⅧ gene mutation database. Result: There were 20 cases (32%) of intron 22 inversion, 2 cases (3%) of intron 1 inversion, 18 cases (29%) of missense mutation, 5 cases (8%) of nonsense mutation, 7 cases (11%) of deletion mutation, 1 case(2%)of splice site mutation, 2 cases (3%) of large fragment deletion and 1 case of insertion mutation (2%). No mutation was detected in 2 cases (3%), and 4 cases (7%) failed to amplify. The correlation between phenotype and genotype showed that the most common gene mutation in severe hemophilia A was intron 22 inversion (20 cases), accounting for 40% of severe patients, followed by 11 cases of missense mutation (22%). The most common mutation in moderate hemophilia A was missense mutation (6 cases), accounting for 60% of moderate patients. Conclusion: The most frequent mutation type in hemophilia A was intron 22 inversion, followed by missense mutation, again for missing mutation. The relationship between phenotype and genotype: the most frequent gene mutation in severe hemophilia A is intron 22 inversion, followed by missense mutation; the most frequent gene mutation in medium hemophilia A is missense mutation.

Basic concepts and development of an all-purpose computer interface for ROC/FROC observer study.

PubMed

Shiraishi, Junji; Fukuoka, Daisuke; Hara, Takeshi; Abe, Hiroyuki

2013-01-01

In this study, we initially investigated various aspects of requirements for a computer interface employed in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and free-response ROC (FROC) observer studies which involve digital images and ratings obtained by observers (radiologists). Secondly, by taking into account these aspects, an all-purpose computer interface utilized for these observer performance studies was developed. Basically, the observer studies can be classified into three paradigms, such as one rating for one case without an identification of a signal location, one rating for one case with an identification of a signal location, and multiple ratings for one case with identification of signal locations. For these paradigms, display modes on the computer interface can be used for single/multiple views of a static image, continuous viewing with cascade images (i.e., CT, MRI), and dynamic viewing of movies (i.e., DSA, ultrasound). Various functions on these display modes, which include windowing (contrast/level), magnifications, and annotations, are needed to be selected by an experimenter corresponding to the purpose of the research. In addition, the rules of judgment for distinguishing between true positives and false positives are an important factor for estimating diagnostic accuracy in an observer study. We developed a computer interface which runs on a Windows operating system by taking into account all aspects required for various observer studies. This computer interface requires experimenters to have sufficient knowledge about ROC/FROC observer studies, but allows its use for any purpose of the observer studies. This computer interface will be distributed publicly in the near future.

Middle-School Teachers' Enacted Beliefs: Negotiating the Nonnegotiables of High-Stakes Accountability Policies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howard, Christy Maranda; Miller, Samuel

2017-01-01

The purpose of case study was to examine the beliefs and practices of a successful teacher in a high poverty middle school. Specifically, the study examined the role of teacher beliefs and how these beliefs were enacted in a middle school classroom. This article, part of a larger study, focuses on 1 teacher in order to more thoroughly probe and…

Building Accountability in California: A Review of State Standards and Requirements for K-12 Public School Facility Planning and Design

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vincent, Jeffrey M.

2016-01-01

This study aims to inform the California Department of Education (CDE) in ensuring the standards contained in Title 5 appropriately promote the planning and design of healthy, safe and educationally suitable K-12 school facilities. The study gathers and analyzes K-12 facility standards in ten case study states across the country to understand…

A Comparative Case Study of the Role of the School District in Influencing School Improvement: Supporting and Turning around Low-Performing Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kelly, Christopher

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the efforts of school districts in developing and sustaining their capacity to improve student achievement in response to increased accountability. The study sought to confirm what the research says regarding the role of the school district in influencing school improvement. While there is a significant…

Ingestions of hydrocodone, carisoprodol, and alprazolam in combination reported to Texas poison centers.

PubMed

Forrester, Mathias B

2011-04-01

The combination of hydrocodone, carisoprodol, and alprazolam is subject to abuse. Ingestions of this drug combination reported to Texas poison centers during 1998-2009 were identified (totaling 1,295 cases) and the distribution of ingestions by selected factors was determined. The number of cases increased from 0 in 1998 to 200 in 2007, and then decreased to 132 in 2009. The counties in eastern and southeastern Texas accounted for 80.9% of the cases. Of the patients, 57.3% were women and 94.6% were age 20 or older. Suspected attempted suicide accounted for 59.3% of the cases and intentional misuse or abuse for 27.3%. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Financial and Managerial Accounting for Elementary and Secondary School Systems. Third Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tidwell, Sam B.

This book describes recent improvements in governmental accounting, auditing, and financial reporting for school business officials. Applications of financial accounting and reporting principles in typical transactions of school systems are illustrated by questions, cases, and problems at the end of each chapter. The first of the two sections,…

77 FR 27551 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2005-59; Small Entity Compliance Guide

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-10

.... Colombia. III Revision of Cost 2012-003 Chambers. Accounting Standards Threshold. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION... economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. Item III--Revision of Cost Accounting Standards Threshold (FAR Case 2012-003) This final rule revises the cost accounting standards (CAS) threshold in order...

When Professions Shape Politics: The Case of Accountability in K-12 and Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mehta, Jal

2014-01-01

Professionalization is an important but overlooked dimension in education politics, particularly the politics of accountability. To isolate the importance of professionalization, this article compares accountability movements in K-12 education with similar movements in higher education. I draw on three pairs of reports that have sought to impose…

Exam 2 Strategy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cummings, Richard G.; Gruber, Robert A.

2006-01-01

After students take their first exam in an accounting course, tax accounting and intermediate accounting in this case, their reactions to their test scores may be varied. This is their first major assessment of how they have performed in the class. The students in the class near the high end of the grading scale are going to be satisfied with…

77 FR 74231 - Hatteras Variable Trust, et al.; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-13

... 6e-3(T)(b)(15) thereunder in cases where a life insurance company separate account supporting variable life insurance contracts (``VLI Accounts'') holds shares of an existing portfolio of the Trust (an... investors also hold shares of the Funds: (i) Any life insurance company separate account supporting variable...

76 FR 14572 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2005-50; Small Entity Compliance Guide

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-16

... Standards (CAS) Board standards 412 ``Cost Accounting Standard for composition and measurement of pension... Disclosure and 2009-025 Chambers. Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices for Contracts Awarded to Foreign... Accounting Practices for Contracts Awarded to Foreign Concerns (FAR Case 2009-025) This final rule adopts...

76 FR 78068 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Request and Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-15

... Review of Agency Accounting Process--The IAR agency makes the IAR accounting records of paid cases... Process (k) Retrieve and consolidate 12 One set of 12 3 hours 36 authorization and accounting forms per... appeals process. ALJs must obtain the information to update and complete the record and to verify the...

Analysis of gingival biopsies in the Gujarati population: a retrospective study.

PubMed

Manjunatha, Bhari Sharanesha; Sutariya, Rakesh; Nagamahita, V; Dholia, Bhavik; Shah, Vandana

2014-01-01

Biopsy is an important diagnostic tool used in the diagnosis of lesions ranging from simple non-neoplastic, tumor-like lesions to malignancies, and is often the only way to diagnose oral lesions and diseases. The gingiva is the most common site for some kind of irritation or low-grade injury, resulting in localized overgrowths that are considered to be reactive and non-neoplastic lesions. This aim of this study is to analyze the frequency and distribution of gingival lesions in the Gujarati population. In this retrospective study, gingival biopsies submitted for a period of five years were included. Microscopic slides of all the cases were reviewed by two observers for confirmation of the diagnosis. Among the 106 cases of gingival biopsies, the most frequent category of lesions encountered was the non-neoplastic category, which accounted for 73.58% of the cases. Both benign and malignant neoplasms constituted 26.42% of the cases. Among the non-neoplastic lesions, Pyogenic granuloma was the most frequent lesion (38.46%), followed by fibrous hyperplasia (20.51%), inflammatory hyperplasia (19.23%), and Epulis (8.97%). Neoplasms accounted for 26.42% of the gingival biopsies (92.85% benign and 7.15% malignant). Among the benign neoplastic lesions, Fibroma (30.76%) and Fibrolipoma (26.92%) were the most frequent, followed by peripheral ossifying fibroma (23.08%) and peripheral giant cell granuloma (11%). It is difficult to compare studies carried out in various countries due to differences in people's attitudes toward oral health and the accessibility of various population groups to biopsy services. Nevertheless, this study has provided some information about the frequency and distribution of biopsied gingival lesions in the Gujarati population over a period of five years.

Children's experiences of domestic violence and abuse: Siblings' accounts of relational coping.

PubMed

Callaghan, Jane E M; Alexander, Joanne H; Sixsmith, Judith; Fellin, Lisa C

2016-10-01

This article explores how children see their relationships, particularly their sibling relationships, in families affected by domestic violence (DV) and how relationality emerges in their accounts as a resource to build an agentic sense of self. The 'voice' of children is largely absent from the DV literature, which typically portrays them as passive, damaged and relationally incompetent. Children's own understandings of their relational worlds are often overlooked, and consequently, existing models of children's social interactions give inadequate accounts of their meaning-making-in-context. Drawn from a larger study of children's experiences of DV and abuse, this article uses two case studies of sibling relationships to explore young people's use of relational resources, for coping with violence in the home. The article explores how relationality and coping intertwine in young people's accounts and disrupts the taken-for-granted assumption that children's 'premature caring' or 'parentification' is (only) pathological in children's responses to DV. This has implications for understanding young people's experiences in the present and supporting their capacity for relationship building in the future. © The Author(s) 2015.

Black Americans and HIV/AIDS

MedlinePlus

... their white counterparts, with those ages 13-24 accounting for 36% of new HIV diagnoses among Black ... number of Blacks living with an HIV diagnosis accounting for the majority (67%) of cases at the ...

Science Teacher Decision-Making in a Climate of Heightened Accountability: A Rhizomatic Case Study Analysis of Two Science Departments in New York City

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Purohit, Kiran Dilip

Secondary science teachers make many daily decisions in the enactment of curriculum. Although curriculum materials are widely available to address science content, practices, and skills, the consideration that goes into deciding how and whether to use such materials is complicated by teachers' beliefs about science, their understandings of school-level accountability and testing measures, and their perspectives on the adolescent students they teach. This study addresses the need to understand how teachers consider multiple forces in their enactment of science curriculum. The purpose of this study was to explore the ways that discourses around accountability, science, and science education emerge in the narratives around teachers' decision-making in secondary science classrooms. Using a case study approach, I worked at two school sites with two pairs of science teachers. We established criteria for critical incidents together, then teachers identified critical decision-making moments in their classrooms. We analyzed those incidents together using a consultancy protocol, allowing teachers to focus their thinking on reframing the incidents and imagining other possible outcomes. Using post-structuralist rhizomatics, I assembled analyses of teachers' discussions of the critical incidents in the form of dramatization--scenes and monologues. I then developed two major interpretive strands. First, I connected teachers' sense of having "no time" to blocs of affect tied to larger discourses of national security, teacher accountability, and the joy of scientific discovery. Second, I demonstrated how teachers' concern in following logical pathways and sequences in science relates to the imposition of accountability measures that echo the outcomes-driven logic of the learning sciences. Across both interpretations, I found accountability to be complex, multidirectional, and unpredictable in how it works on and through teachers as they make decisions. Research in this area has important practical implications in the fields of professional development, curriculum development, and school change. As more states (including New York) adopt standards derived from the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), the importance of privileging teachers' investment and critical decision-making in the process of new curriculum development is vital. I suggest that tools like video-based coaching and consultancy protocol discussions support this kind of thoughtful curricular change.

Broadening GHG accounting with LCA: application to a waste management business unit.

PubMed

Fallaha, Sophie; Martineau, Geneviève; Bécaert, Valérie; Margni, Manuele; Deschênes, Louise; Samson, Réjean; Aoustin, Emmanuelle

2009-11-01

In an effort to obtain the most accurate climate change impact assessment, greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting is evolving to include life-cycle thinking. This study (1) identifies similarities and key differences between GHG accounting and life-cycle assessment (LCA), (2) compares them on a consistent basis through a case study on a waste management business unit. First, GHG accounting is performed. According to the GHG Protocol, annual emissions are categorized into three scopes: direct GHG emissions (scope 1), indirect emissions related to electricity, heat and steam production (scope 2) and other indirect emissions (scope 3). The LCA is then structured into a comparable framework: each LCA process is disaggregated into these three scopes, the annual operating activities are assessed, and the environmental impacts are determined using the IMPACT2002+ method. By comparing these two approaches it is concluded that both LCA and GHG accounting provide similar climate change impact results as the same major GHG contributors are determined for scope 1 emissions. The emissions from scope 2 appear negligible whereas emissions from scope 3 cannot be neglected since they contribute to around 10% of the climate change impact of the waste management business unit. This statement is strengthened by the fact that scope 3 generates 75% of the resource use damage and 30% of the ecosystem quality damage categories. The study also shows that LCA can help in setting up the framework for a annual GHG accounting by determining the major climate change contributors.

Conducting Molecular Epidemiological Research in the Age of HIPAA: A Multi-Institutional Case-Control Study of Breast Cancer in African-American and European-American Women

PubMed Central

Ambrosone, Christine B.; Ciupak, Gregory L.; Bandera, Elisa V.; Jandorf, Lina; Bovbjerg, Dana H.; Zirpoli, Gary; Pawlish, Karen; Godbold, James; Furberg, Helena; Fatone, Anne; Valdimarsdottir, Heiddis; Yao, Song; Li, Yulin; Hwang, Helena; Davis, Warren; Roberts, Michelle; Sucheston, Lara; Demissie, Kitaw; Amend, Kandace L.; Tartter, Paul; Reilly, James; Pace, Benjamin W.; Rohan, Thomas; Sparano, Joseph; Raptis, George; Castaldi, Maria; Estabrook, Alison; Feldman, Sheldon; Weltz, Christina; Kemeny, Margaret

2009-01-01

Breast cancer in African-American (AA) women occurs at an earlier age than in European-American (EA) women and is more likely to have aggressive features associated with poorer prognosis, such as high-grade and negative estrogen receptor (ER) status. The mechanisms underlying these differences are unknown. To address this, we conducted a case-control study to evaluate risk factors for high-grade ER- disease in both AA and EA women. With the onset of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, creative measures were needed to adapt case ascertainment and contact procedures to this new environment of patient privacy. In this paper, we report on our approach to establishing a multicenter study of breast cancer in New York and New Jersey, provide preliminary distributions of demographic and pathologic characteristics among case and control participants by race, and contrast participation rates by approaches to case ascertainment, with discussion of strengths and weaknesses. PMID:19865486

Assessment of Institutional Strategic Goal Realization: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holwick, Jana W.

2009-01-01

Strategic planning is a common tool utilized at colleges and universities to assist in achieving institutional goals. Leaders in higher education have taken best practices from corporate management and adapted them in an effort to develop comprehensive approaches to institutional planning, assessment and accountability. Various models for planning…

A Case Study of a Highly Effective, Inclusive Elementary School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McLeskey, James; Waldron, Nancy L.; Redd, Lacy

2014-01-01

Current federal legislation holds schools accountable for ensuring that all students, including those with disabilities, make adequate yearly progress on academic achievement measures, while also including students with disabilities in general education settings whenever possible. Schools are thus expected to be both excellent and equitable in…

A Testlet Assembly Design for Adaptive Multistage Tests

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luecht, Richard; Brumfield, Terry; Breithaupt, Krista

2006-01-01

This article describes multistage tests and some practical test development considerations related to the design and implementation of a multistage test, using the Uniform CPA (certified public accountant) Examination as a case study. The article further discusses the use of automated test assembly procedures in an operational context to produce…

Anthropologists and Policy-Relevant Research: The Case for Accountability.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Freeman, Milton M. R.

Anthropology research should be relevant to public policy formation. If anthropologists continue to produce research which reflects a "detached observer" perspective, their studies will not enjoy widespread credibility. The use of policy-relevant anthropology (applied anthropology) will depend in large part on the efforts of anthropologists toward…

Teacher Identity and Reform: Intersections within School Culture

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bower, Heather Ann; Parsons, Eileen R. Carlton

2016-01-01

In the era of school accountability, school reform programs aimed at shifting school culture are often implemented in an attempt to increase student achievement as measured by standardized test scores. This ethnographic case study was conducted in Hawk Elementary, a low-performing, high-poverty school. Quantitative and qualitative data collected…

Examples of Cross-Cultural Problems Encountered by Americans Working Overseas; An Instructor's Handbook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foster, Robert J.

Intended mainly as a source book for instructors in area training programs, this handbook contains summary accounts of events illustrating problems frequently met by Americans working overseas, especially those providing technical assistance in developing nations. Examples are drawn from case studies, interviews, anthropology texts, and other…

[Rehabilitation prognosis in the patient with bilateral cortipathy due to prematurity].

PubMed

Trejo Rayón, S; Peñaloza, Y; Balderas Gil, A

1979-01-01

Thirty cases of bilateral corticopathy due to prematurity were studied at the Instituto Nacional de la Comunicación Humana. Taking into account all predisposing features, it is concluded that with adequate preventive measures, it is possible to avoid this pathology and thus obtain a favorable rehabilitation prognosis.

Severity of Illness and the Teaching Hospital.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berman, Richard A.; And Others

1986-01-01

The Medicare prospective payment system does not adequately account for severity of illness. Whether teaching hospitals treat a case mix of patients with more severe illness than do nonteaching hospitals was tested in a study using two severity measures, Horn's severity of illness index and Gonnnella's "disease staging." (Author/MLW)

Improving FCS Accountability: Increasing STEM Awareness with Interior Design Modules

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Etheredge, Jessica; Moody, Dana; Cooper, Ashley

2014-01-01

This paper demonstrates ways in which family and consumer sciences (FCS) educators can explore more opportunities to integrate Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) principles into secondary education curriculum. Interior design is used as a case study for creating learning modules that incorporate STEM principles in a creative and…

Commercial Vehicle Fleet Management And Information Systems, Technical Memorandum 1, Classification Of Fleet Operations, And Selection Of Candidate Case-Study Fleets

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-11-04

THE ECONOMIC WELL-BEING AND COMPETITIVENESS OF THE U.S. ECONOMY DEPEND HEAVILY ON RELIABLE AND EFFICIENT FREIGHT MOVEMENTS. TRUCKING ACCOUNTS FOR ABOUT 75 PERCENT ($270 BILLION) OF THE $350 BILLION SPENT ANNUALLY ON FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION. THE APPLIC...

SURFACE WATER FLOW IN LANDSCAPE MODELS: 1. EVERGLADES CASE STUDY. (R824766)

EPA Science Inventory

Many landscape models require extensive computational effort using a large array of grid cells that represent the landscape. The number of spatial cells may be in the thousands and millions, while the ecological component run in each of the cells to account for landscape dynamics...

Standardised Testing: What Space for Professional Judgement?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doecke, Brenton; Reynolds, Gail; Roberts, Arlene

2002-01-01

Gives an account of Gail Reynolds's experience in administrating the DART (Developmental assessment resource for teachers) and AIM (Achievement improvement monitor) tests at her school. Reflects on how the test results compared with her own judgments of the literacy abilities of individual students in her class. Offers four case studies that draw…

Action Learning Drives the Emerald Academy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nalborczyk, Sarah; Sandelands, Luke

2012-01-01

This account examines the action learning process adopted by Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., embedded in the organization through the in-company Emerald Academy. In case study format, the paper emphasizes that in order to align learning with organizational objectives joined up thinking and practice is needed beyond the learning and development…

Embracing the Paradox in Educational Change for Sustainable Development: A Case of Accounting

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Qian, Wei

2013-01-01

Higher education institutions have been encouraged to prepare their graduates to be socially and environmentally responsible professionals. However, previous studies have found a slow uptake of education for sustainable development (ESD) in university curricula, particularly in non-environmental disciplines. This paper investigates the process of…

The Role of Leadership and Culture in Creating Meaningful Assessment: A Mixed Methods Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guetterman, Timothy C.; Mitchell, Nancy

2016-01-01

With increased demands for institutional accountability and improved student learning, involvement in assessment has become a fundamental role of higher education faculty (Rhodes, 2010). However, faculty members and administrators often question whether assessment efforts do indeed improve student learning (Hutchings, 2010). This mixed methods…

Bayesian Propensity Score Analysis: Simulation and Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaplan, David; Chen, Cassie J. S.

2011-01-01

Propensity score analysis (PSA) has been used in a variety of settings, such as education, epidemiology, and sociology. Most typically, propensity score analysis has been implemented within the conventional frequentist perspective of statistics. This perspective, as is well known, does not account for uncertainty in either the parameters of the…

Streaming in First-Year University Classes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, John; And Others

1990-01-01

The practice of dividing up a group of students on the basis of previous educational experience or achievement, and subjecting the different groups to different educational experiences is defended. Two case-studies of streaming in the departments of accountancy and physics at a university in New Zealand are presented. (Author/MLW)

Exploring Principal Autonomy in Charter, Private, and Public Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adamson, Linda

2012-01-01

This qualitative multiple case study concerned how school principals in charter, private, and public school settings experience autonomy, based on the schools' governance structures and accountability systems. Principal autonomy was defined as the authority that school principals exercise to lead staff effectively, to make decisions based on…