40 CFR 180.1317 - Pesticide chemicals; exemption from the requirements of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Pesticide chemicals; exemption from... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1317 Pesticide chemicals; exemption from the requirements of a...

40 CFR 180.1317 - Pesticide chemicals; exemption from the requirements of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Pesticide chemicals; exemption from... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1317 Pesticide chemicals; exemption from the requirements of a...

40 CFR 180.905 - Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.905 Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from the requirement of a...

40 CFR 180.905 - Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.905 Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from the requirement of a...

NAFTA Guidance on Data Requirements for Pesticide Import Tolerances: Questions & Answers

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

These Qs&As provide details of implementation related to a guidance document describing the data requirements for establishing pesticide import tolerances in Canada and the United States: NAFTA Guidance on Data Requirements for Pesticide Import Tolerances.

77 FR 72984 - Buprofezin Pesticide Tolerances; Technical Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-07

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 180 [EPA-HQ-OPP-2011-0759; FRL-9371-3] Buprofezin..., 2012, concerning buprofezin pesticide tolerances. This document corrects a typographical error. DATES...: Sec. 180.511 Buprofezin; tolerances for residues. (a) * * * Parts per Commodity million...

[Research on Identification and Determination of Pesticides in Apples Using Raman Spectroscopy].

PubMed

Zhai, Chen; Peng, Yan-kun; Li, Yong-yu; Dhakal, Sagar; Xu, Tian-feng; Guo, Lang-hua

2015-08-01

Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods has been thought to an efficient method for identification and determination of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. In the present research, a rapid and nondestructive method was proposed and testified based on self-developed Raman system for the identification and determination of deltamethrin and acetamiprid remaining in apple. The peaks of Raman spectra at 574 and 843 cm(-1) can be used to identify deltamethrin and acetamiprid, respectively, the characteristic peaks of deltamethrin and acetamiprid were still visible when the concentrations of the two pesticides were 0.78 and 0.15 mg · kg(-1) in apples samples, respectively. Calibration models of pesticide content were developed by partial least square (PLS) algorithm with different spectra pretreatment methods (Savitzky-Golay smoothing, first derivative transformation, second derivative transformation, baseline calibration, standard normal variable transformation). The baseline calibration methods by 8th order polynomial fitting gave the best results. For deltamethrin, the obtained prediction coefficient (Rp) value from PLS model for the results of prediction and gas chromatography measurement was 0.94; and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.55 mg · kg(-1). The values of Rp and RMSEP were respective 0.85 and 0.12 mg · kg(-1) for acetamiprid. According to the detect performance, applying Raman technology in the nondestructive determination of pesticide residuals in apples is feasible. In consideration of that it needs no pretreatment before spectra collection and causes no damage to sample, this technology can be used in detection department, fruit and vegetable processing enterprises, supermarket, and vegetable market. The result of this research is promising for development of industrially feasible technology for rapid, nondestructive and real time detection of different types of pesticide with its concentration in apples. This

40 CFR 180.6 - Pesticide tolerances regarding milk, eggs, meat, and/or poultry; statement of policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Pesticide tolerances regarding milk... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Definitions and Interpretative Regulations § 180.6 Pesticide tolerances regarding milk...

40 CFR 180.6 - Pesticide tolerances regarding milk, eggs, meat, and/or poultry; statement of policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Pesticide tolerances regarding milk... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Definitions and Interpretative Regulations § 180.6 Pesticide tolerances regarding milk...

40 CFR 180.6 - Pesticide tolerances regarding milk, eggs, meat, and/or poultry; statement of policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Pesticide tolerances regarding milk... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Definitions and Interpretative Regulations § 180.6 Pesticide tolerances regarding milk...

78 FR 49932 - Emamectin; Pesticide Tolerance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-16

... Protection, LLC, requested this tolerance under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). This... may be potentially affected by this action if you are an agricultural producer, food manufacturer, or...). Animal production (NAICS code 112). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS...

76 FR 50893 - Fluoxastrobin; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-17

... dog studies, neurologic examinations, including mental status/behavior, gait characteristics, postural... children to the pesticide chemical residue in establishing a tolerance and to ``ensure that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and children from aggregate exposure to the...

76 FR 50898 - Metconazole; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-17

.../oppefed1/models/water/index.htm . Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling System... affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist... supporting the petition, EPA has modified the levels at which tolerances are being established for the...

78 FR 25396 - Glyphosate; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-01

.../water/index.htm . Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling System (PRZM/EXAMS.... The following list of North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes is not intended to... the data supporting the petition, EPA has modified the levels at which tolerances are being...

78 FR 76561 - Endothall; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-18

... Phosphorus, Inc. requested these tolerances under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). DATES... of a pesticide petition (PP 2F8023) by United Phosphorus, Inc., 630 Freedom Business Center, Suite.... That document referenced a summary of the petition prepared by United Phosphorus, Inc., the registrant...

Fluorometric aptasensing of the neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid by using multiple complementary strands and gold nanoparticles.

PubMed

Bahreyni, Amirhossein; Yazdian-Robati, Rezvan; Ramezani, Mohammad; Abnous, Khalil; Taghdisi, Seyed Mohammad

2018-04-29

A fluorometric aptamer-based assay was developed for ultrasensitive and selective determination of the neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid. The method is based on the use of an aptamer against acetamiprid, multiple complementary strands (CSs), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). It is found that by using different CSs, the sensitivity and selectivity of the method is enhanced. On addition of acetamiprid to the aptamer, they will bind to each other and CS1-fluorescein (FAM)-labeled CS2 (as a dsDNA) will be formed. The FAM-labeled dsDNA does not bind to the AuNPs (as a strong quencher) and remains free in the environment, resulting in a strong fluorescence intensity. Without the introduction of acetamiprid, FAM-labeled CS2 binds to AuNPs directly and indirectly through hybridization with CS3 immobilized on the surface of the AuNPs. So, the fluorescence intensity of FAM-labeled CS2 is significantly quenched by AuNPs. The method can detect acetamiprid in the 5 to 50 nM concentration range with a 2.8 nM detection limit. The assay was applied to the determination of acetamiprid in spiked tap water where is gave recoveries that ranged between 95.4% and 94.4%. Graphical abstract (a) In the presence of acetamiprid, aptamer interacts with acetamiprid. The formation of aptamer/acetamiprid causes pairing of complementary strand 1 with FAM-labeled complementary strand, leading to a strong fluorescence intensity. (b) In the absence of acetamiprid, aptamer is hybridized with complementary strand 1. Thus, a very weak fluorescence signal is detected.

75 FR 70143 - Acequinocyl; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-17

.../water/index.htm . Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling System (PRZM/EXAMS... be affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to... the data supporting the petition, EPA has revised the proposed tolerance for hop dried cones from 3.5...

78 FR 40027 - Novaluron; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-03

... chromatography/ultraviolet (HPLC/UV) method) are available to enforce the tolerance expression. The method may be... available at http://www.regulations.gov or at the Office of Pesticide Programs Regulatory Public Docket (OPP... instructions and additional information about the docket available at http://www.epa.gov/dockets . FOR FURTHER...

78 FR 44444 - Mancozeb; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-24

... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of mancozeb in or on walnuts and tangerines. United Phosphorus... pesticide petition (PP 1F7935) by United Phosphorus, Inc., 630 Freedom Business Center, King of Prussia, PA... summary of the petition prepared by United Phosphorus, the registrant, which is available in the docket...

77 FR 72232 - Dodine; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-05

... Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII). As to residue levels in food, EPA assumed tolerance level residues for all treated crops. In terms of extent of usage, percent crop treated (PCT) information was... Statistics Service (USDA/NASS), proprietary market surveys, and the National Pesticide Use Database for the...

78 FR 67048 - Prothioconazole; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-08

... code 111). Animal production (NAICS code 112). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532). B. How can I get electronic access to other related information? You may... Assessment and Determination of Safety Section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA allows EPA to establish a tolerance...

78 FR 44440 - Imazosulfuron; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-24

... tuberous and corm subgroup 1C. Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requested these tolerances... methods: Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov . Follow the online instructions for... of a pesticide petition (PP 2E8025) by Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4), 500 College...

75 FR 60327 - Fluoxastrobin; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-30

... consideration to exposure of infants and children to the pesticide chemical residue in establishing a tolerance and to ``ensure that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and children... studies to human risk. EPA has also considered available information concerning the variability of the...

76 FR 55272 - Flubendiamide; Pesticide Tolerances; Technical Amendment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-07

... pesticide, flubendiamide in or on the meat and meat byproducts of cattle, goat, hog, horse, and sheep. The...) provides an incorrect tolerance value for the established tolerances for cattle, meat (0.60 ppm); cattle, meat byproducts (0.08 ppm); goat, meat (0.60 ppm); goat, meat byproducts (0.08 ppm); hog, meat (0.15...

Degradation of the Neonicotinoid Pesticides in the Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Source

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chai, Yunfeng; Chen, Hongping; Liu, Xin; Lu, Chengyin

2018-02-01

During the analysis of neonicotinoid pesticide standards (thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid) by mass spectrometry, the degradation of these pesticides (M-C=N-R is degraded into M-C=O, M is the skeleton moiety, and R is NO2 or CN) was observed in the atmospheric pressure ionization interfaces (ESI and APCI). In APCI, the degradation of all the five neonicotinoid pesticides studied took place, and the primary mechanism was in-source ion/molecule reaction, in which a molecule of water (confirmed by use of H2 18O) attacked the carbon of the imine group accompanying with loss of NH2R (R=NO2, CN). For the nitroguanidine neonicotinoid pesticides (R=NO2, including thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and imidacloprid), higher auxiliary gas heater temperature also contributed to their degradation in APCI due to in-source pyrolysis. The degradation of the five neonicotinoid pesticides studied in ESI was not significant. In ESI, only the nitroguanidine neonicotinoid pesticides could generate the degradation products through in-source fragmentation mechanism. The degradation of cyanoamidine neonicotinoid pesticides (R=CN, including acetamiprid and thiacloprid) in ESI was not observed. The degradation of neonicotinoid pesticides in the ion source of mass spectrometer renders some adverse consequences, such as difficulty interpreting the full-scan mass spectrum, reducing the sensitivity and accuracy of quantitative analysis, and misleading whether these pesticides have degraded in the real samples. Therefore, a clear understanding of these unusual degradation reactions should facilitate the analysis of neonicotinoid pesticides by atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry.

Degradation of the Neonicotinoid Pesticides in the Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Source.

PubMed

Chai, Yunfeng; Chen, Hongping; Liu, Xin; Lu, Chengyin

2018-02-01

During the analysis of neonicotinoid pesticide standards (thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid) by mass spectrometry, the degradation of these pesticides (M-C=N-R is degraded into M-C=O, M is the skeleton moiety, and R is NO 2 or CN) was observed in the atmospheric pressure ionization interfaces (ESI and APCI). In APCI, the degradation of all the five neonicotinoid pesticides studied took place, and the primary mechanism was in-source ion/molecule reaction, in which a molecule of water (confirmed by use of H 2 18 O) attacked the carbon of the imine group accompanying with loss of NH 2 R (R=NO 2 , CN). For the nitroguanidine neonicotinoid pesticides (R=NO 2 , including thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and imidacloprid), higher auxiliary gas heater temperature also contributed to their degradation in APCI due to in-source pyrolysis. The degradation of the five neonicotinoid pesticides studied in ESI was not significant. In ESI, only the nitroguanidine neonicotinoid pesticides could generate the degradation products through in-source fragmentation mechanism. The degradation of cyanoamidine neonicotinoid pesticides (R=CN, including acetamiprid and thiacloprid) in ESI was not observed. The degradation of neonicotinoid pesticides in the ion source of mass spectrometer renders some adverse consequences, such as difficulty interpreting the full-scan mass spectrum, reducing the sensitivity and accuracy of quantitative analysis, and misleading whether these pesticides have degraded in the real samples. Therefore, a clear understanding of these unusual degradation reactions should facilitate the analysis of neonicotinoid pesticides by atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. Graphical Abstract.

Comparative Probabilistic Assessment of Occupational Pesticide Exposures Based on Regulatory Assessments

PubMed Central

Pouzou, Jane G.; Cullen, Alison C.; Yost, Michael G.; Kissel, John C.; Fenske, Richard A.

2018-01-01

Implementation of probabilistic analyses in exposure assessment can provide valuable insight into the risks of those at the extremes of population distributions, including more vulnerable or sensitive subgroups. Incorporation of these analyses into current regulatory methods for occupational pesticide exposure is enabled by the exposure data sets and associated data currently used in the risk assessment approach of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Monte Carlo simulations were performed on exposure measurements from the Agricultural Handler Exposure Database and the Pesticide Handler Exposure Database along with data from the Exposure Factors Handbook and other sources to calculate exposure rates for three different neurotoxic compounds (azinphos methyl, acetamiprid, emamectin benzoate) across four pesticide-handling scenarios. Probabilistic estimates of doses were compared with the no observable effect levels used in the EPA occupational risk assessments. Some percentage of workers were predicted to exceed the level of concern for all three compounds: 54% for azinphos methyl, 5% for acetamiprid, and 20% for emamectin benzoate. This finding has implications for pesticide risk assessment and offers an alternative procedure that may be more protective of those at the extremes of exposure than the current approach. PMID:29105804

Comparative Probabilistic Assessment of Occupational Pesticide Exposures Based on Regulatory Assessments.

PubMed

Pouzou, Jane G; Cullen, Alison C; Yost, Michael G; Kissel, John C; Fenske, Richard A

2017-11-06

Implementation of probabilistic analyses in exposure assessment can provide valuable insight into the risks of those at the extremes of population distributions, including more vulnerable or sensitive subgroups. Incorporation of these analyses into current regulatory methods for occupational pesticide exposure is enabled by the exposure data sets and associated data currently used in the risk assessment approach of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Monte Carlo simulations were performed on exposure measurements from the Agricultural Handler Exposure Database and the Pesticide Handler Exposure Database along with data from the Exposure Factors Handbook and other sources to calculate exposure rates for three different neurotoxic compounds (azinphos methyl, acetamiprid, emamectin benzoate) across four pesticide-handling scenarios. Probabilistic estimates of doses were compared with the no observable effect levels used in the EPA occupational risk assessments. Some percentage of workers were predicted to exceed the level of concern for all three compounds: 54% for azinphos methyl, 5% for acetamiprid, and 20% for emamectin benzoate. This finding has implications for pesticide risk assessment and offers an alternative procedure that may be more protective of those at the extremes of exposure than the current approach. © 2017 Society for Risk Analysis.

Pesticide tolerant and phosphorus solubilizing Pseudomonas sp. strain SGRAJ09 isolated from pesticides treated Achillea clavennae rhizosphere soil.

PubMed

Rajasankar, R; Manju Gayathry, G; Sathiavelu, A; Ramalingam, C; Saravanan, V S

2013-05-01

In this study, an attempt was made to identify an effective phosphate solubilizing bacteria from pesticide polluted field soil. Based on the formation of solubilization halo on Pikovskaya's agar, six isolates were selected and screened for pesticide tolerance and phosphate (P) solubilization ability through liquid assay. The results showed that only one strain (SGRAJ09) obtained from Achillea clavennae was found to tolerate maximum level of the pesticides tested and it was phylogenetically identified as Pseudomonas sp. It possessed a wide range of pesticide tolerance, ranging from 117 μg mL(-1) for alphamethrin to 2,600 μg mL(-1) for endosulfan. The available P concentrations increased with the maximum and double the maximum dose of monocrotophos and imidacloprid, respectively. On subjected to FT-IR and HPLC analysis, the presence of organic acids functional group in the culture broth and the production of gluconic acid as dominant acid aiding the P solubilization were identified. On comparison with control broth, monocrotophos and imidacloprid added culture broth showed quantitatively high organic acids production. In addition to gluconic acid production, citric and acetic acids were also observed in the pesticide amended broth. Furthermore, the Pseudomonas sp. strain SGRAJ09 possessed all the plant growth promoting traits tested. In presence of monocrotophos and imidacloprid, its plant growth promoting activities were lower than that of the pesticides unamended treatment.

Comparative Toxicities and Synergism of Apple Orchard Pesticides to Apis mellifera (L.) and Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski)

PubMed Central

Biddinger, David J.; Robertson, Jacqueline L.; Mullin, Chris; Frazier, James; Ashcraft, Sara A.; Rajotte, Edwin G.; Joshi, Neelendra K.; Vaughn, Mace

2013-01-01

The topical toxicities of five commercial grade pesticides commonly sprayed in apple orchards were estimated on adult worker honey bees, Apis mellifera (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Japanese orchard bees, Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). The pesticides were acetamiprid (Assail 30SG), λ-cyhalothrin (Warrior II), dimethoate (Dimethoate 4EC), phosmet (Imidan 70W), and imidacloprid (Provado 1.6F). At least 5 doses of each chemical, diluted in distilled water, were applied to freshly-eclosed adult bees. Mortality was assessed after 48 hr. Dose-mortality regressions were analyzed by probit analysis to test the hypotheses of parallelism and equality by likelihood ratio tests. For A. mellifera, the decreasing order of toxicity at LD50 was imidacloprid, λ-cyhalothrin, dimethoate, phosmet, and acetamiprid. For O. cornifrons, the decreasing order of toxicity at LD50 was dimethoate, λ-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and phosmet. Interaction of imidacloprid or acetamiprid with the fungicide fenbuconazole (Indar 2F) was also tested in a 1∶1 proportion for each species. Estimates of response parameters for each mixture component applied to each species were compared with dose-response data for each mixture in statistical tests of the hypothesis of independent joint action. For each mixture, the interaction of fenbuconazole (a material non-toxic to both species) was significant and positive along the entire line for the pesticide. Our results clearly show that responses of A. mellifera cannot be extrapolated to responses of O.cornifrons, and that synergism of neonicotinoid insecticides and fungicides occurs using formulated product in mixtures as they are commonly applied in apple orchards. PMID:24039783

Comparative toxicities and synergism of apple orchard pesticides to Apis mellifera (L.) and Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski).

PubMed

Biddinger, David J; Robertson, Jacqueline L; Mullin, Chris; Frazier, James; Ashcraft, Sara A; Rajotte, Edwin G; Joshi, Neelendra K; Vaughn, Mace

2013-01-01

The topical toxicities of five commercial grade pesticides commonly sprayed in apple orchards were estimated on adult worker honey bees, Apis mellifera (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Japanese orchard bees, Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). The pesticides were acetamiprid (Assail 30SG), λ-cyhalothrin (Warrior II), dimethoate (Dimethoate 4EC), phosmet (Imidan 70W), and imidacloprid (Provado 1.6F). At least 5 doses of each chemical, diluted in distilled water, were applied to freshly-eclosed adult bees. Mortality was assessed after 48 hr. Dose-mortality regressions were analyzed by probit analysis to test the hypotheses of parallelism and equality by likelihood ratio tests. For A. mellifera, the decreasing order of toxicity at LD₅₀ was imidacloprid, λ-cyhalothrin, dimethoate, phosmet, and acetamiprid. For O. cornifrons, the decreasing order of toxicity at LD₅₀ was dimethoate, λ-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and phosmet. Interaction of imidacloprid or acetamiprid with the fungicide fenbuconazole (Indar 2F) was also tested in a 1∶1 proportion for each species. Estimates of response parameters for each mixture component applied to each species were compared with dose-response data for each mixture in statistical tests of the hypothesis of independent joint action. For each mixture, the interaction of fenbuconazole (a material non-toxic to both species) was significant and positive along the entire line for the pesticide. Our results clearly show that responses of A. mellifera cannot be extrapolated to responses of O.cornifrons, and that synergism of neonicotinoid insecticides and fungicides occurs using formulated product in mixtures as they are commonly applied in apple orchards.

78 FR 18504 - Emamectin Benzoate; Pesticide Tolerance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-27

... vegetable crop group 9. Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requested this tolerance under the... and/or quantitative sensitivity of rat pups was seen in the reproductive toxicity and in the.... Quantitative acute dietary exposure and risk assessments are performed for a food-use pesticide, if a...

77 FR 71555 - Halosulfuron-Methyl; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-03

... sufficient data to assess the hazards of and to make a determination on aggregate exposure for halosulfuron...) to use in evaluating the risk posed by human exposure to the pesticide. For hazards that have a.... Livestock tolerances are derived from reevaluation of the dairy/beef cattle diet with new feed items (millet...

75 FR 16017 - Cloquintocet-mexyl; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-31

...-quinolinoxyacetic acid) on wheat forage, wheat grain, wheat hay, and wheat straw. Arysta LifeScience North America...-5805. II. Petition for Tolerance EPA has received a petition from Arysta LifeScience North America, LLC... filing of the above-referenced pesticide petition (PP 9E7592) by Arysta LifeScience North America, LLC...

78 FR 36677 - Triforine, Pesticide Tolerances; Technical Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-19

..., Pesticide Tolerances; Technical Correction AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Correcting.... What does this technical correction do? EPA is correcting the CFR section number assigned to the... opportunity for public comment. EPA has determined that there is good cause for making this technical...

77 FR 46306 - Fluxapyroxad; Pesticide Tolerances Technical Amendment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-03

...; Pesticide Tolerances Technical Amendment AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Final rule; technical amendment. SUMMARY: EPA issued a final rule in the Federal Register of May 14, 2012, concerning.... Inadvertently, the terminology for the oilseed crop group and for dried plums was incorrect. This technical...

78 FR 15880 - Tetrachlorvinphos; Extension of Time-Limited Interim Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-13

... Tetrachlorvinphos; Extension of Time-Limited Interim Pesticide Tolerances AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This regulation extends the time-limited interim tolerances for the... . II. Background A detailed summary of the background related to EPA's extension of the time-limited...

76 FR 57657 - Tetrachlorvinphos; Extension of Time-Limited Interim Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-16

...] Tetrachlorvinphos; Extension of Time-Limited Interim Pesticide Tolerances AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This regulation establishes an extension of time-limited interim..., and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). The time-limited tolerances expire on March 18, 2013. DATES: This regulation...

78 FR 14487 - Tetrachlorvinphos; Proposed Extension of Time-Limited Interim Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-06

...] Tetrachlorvinphos; Proposed Extension of Time-Limited Interim Pesticide Tolerances AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: This regulation proposes the extension of the time-limited... related to EPA's extension of the time-limited interim tolerances for the combined residues of the...

Assessment of human exposure to pesticides by hair analysis: The case of vegetable-producing areas in Burkina Faso.

PubMed

Lehmann, Edouard; Oltramare, Christelle; Nfon Dibié, Jean-Jacques; Konaté, Yacouba; de Alencastro, Luiz Felippe

2018-02-01

The present work assesses human exposure to pesticides in vegetable-producing areas in Burkina Faso, using hair as an indicator. The study design includes a comparison between operators who are occupationally exposed while working in the fields and a reference population (i.e. not occupationally exposed) to evaluate both occupational and indirect exposures. Hair samples from volunteers (n=101) were positive for 17 pesticides (38 analyzed). Acetamiprid, desethylatrazine, carbofuran, and deltamethrin were detected for the first time in field samples. With a maximum of 9 residues per sample, pesticide exposure was ubiquitous in both populations. Contamination by acetamiprid, cypermethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin (used in vegetable production) prevailed in operator samples. For other pesticides, such as imidacloprid and deltamethrin, no significant difference was found. This indicates a potentially large environmental exposure (dietary intake or atmospheric contamination) or the prevalence of other contamination sources. The present findings are concerning, as detected levels are globally higher than those previously reported, and indicate exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and probable carcinogens. Hair was found to be a suitable matrix for biomonitoring human exposure to pesticides and assessing dominant factors (i.e. sex, age, and protective equipment) in subgroups, as well as identifying geographical contamination patterns. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Rapid Modified QuEChERS Method for Pesticides Detection in Honey by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography UV-visible

PubMed Central

Ceci, Edmondo; Montemurro, Nicola; Tantillo, Giuseppina; Di Pinto, Angela; Celano, Gaetano Vitale; Bozzo, Giancarlo

2014-01-01

The extensive use of pesticides in agriculture plays an important role in bees die-off and allows the presence of residues in hive products, particularly in honey. An accurate and reliable analytical method, based on QuEChERS extractive technique, has been developed for the quantitative determination by high-performance liquid chromatography UV-visible detector of 5 pesticides (Deltamethrin, Dimethoate, Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Chlorfenvinphos) in honey. The method, according to Commission Directive 2002/63/EC and Regulation 882/2004/EC, provided excellent results with respect to linearity (correlation coefficient up to 0.993), limits of detection and quantification (0.005 and 0.01 µg/mL for Dimethoate, Deltamethrin and Chlorfenvinphos; 0.02 and 0.05 µg/mL for Acetamiprid and Imidacloprid), recovery values (86.4 to 96.3%), precision and relative expanded uncertainty of a measurement, demonstrating the conformity of the this method with the European directives. The proposed method was applied to 23 samples of Apulian honey. None of the investigated pesticides was detected in these samples. PMID:27800334

Influence of humic substances and iron and aluminum ions on the sorption of acetamiprid to an arable soil.

PubMed

Murano, Hirotatsu; Suzuki, Katsuhiro; Kayada, Saori; Saito, Mitsuhiko; Yuge, Naoya; Arishiro, Takuji; Watanabe, Akira; Isoi, Toshiyuki

2018-02-15

Humic substances (HS) in soil and sediments, and surface water influence the behavior of organic xenobiotics in the environment. However, our knowledge of the effects of specific HS fractions, i.e., humic acids (HAs), fulvic acids (FAs), and humin (HM), on the sorption of organic xenobiotics is limited. The neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid is thought to contribute to the collapse of honeybee colonies. To understand the role that soil organic matter plays in the fate of acetamiprid, interactions between acetamiprid and the above HS fractions were examined. Batch experiments were conducted using various combinations of a field soil sample and the above 3 HS fractions prepared from the same soil, and differences in isotherm values for acetamiprid sorption were investigated based on the structural differences among the HS fractions. The sorption of acetamiprid to soil minerals associated with HM (MHM) (Freundlich isotherm constant, K f : 6.100) was reduced when HAs or FAs were added (K f : 4.179 and 4.756, respectively). This can be attributed to hydrophobic interactions between HM and HAs or FAs in which their dissociated carboxyl and phenolic groups become oriented to face the soil solution. The amount of acetamiprid that was adsorbed to (MHM+HA) or (MHM+FA) increased when aluminum ions were added (K f : 6.933 and 10.48, respectively), or iron ions were added (K f : 7.303 and 11.29, respectively). Since acetamiprid has no affinity for inorganic components in soil, the formation of HS-metal complexes by cation bridging may have oriented the hydrophobic moieties in the HAs or FAs to face the soil solution and may also have resulted in the formation of dense structures, resulting in an increase in the amount of acetamiprid that becomes adsorbed to these structures. These results highlight the importance of interactions among soil components in the pedospheric diffusion of acetamiprid. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of acetamiprid-induced genotoxic and oxidative responses in Eisenia fetida.

PubMed

Li, Bing; Xia, Xiaoming; Wang, Jinhua; Zhu, Lusheng; Wang, Jun; Wang, Guangchi

2018-06-19

As a novel neonicotinoids insecticide, acetamiprid has been widely used worldwide. In this study, a laboratory test was conducted to expose earthworms (Eisenia fetida) to artificial soil spiked with various concentrations of acetamiprid (0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg of soil) respectively after 7, 14, 21 and 28 d. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, antioxidant enzymes activity including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferases (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and DNA damage were determined in earthworms. The ROS level increased in varying degrees at most exposure concentrations. The SOD activity was not significantly affected. The CAT activity was increased in the beginning, then gradually suppressed and resumed to the control level at the end, with the maximum change (171%) occurred at 14 d for 0.05 mg/kg. The GST activity was induced at 7 d, and then inhibited, with the maximum change (67.6%) occurred at 14 d for 0.50 mg/kg. The MDA content had a tendency that increasing at the first and decreasing at the end. The olive tail moment (OTM) in comet assay reflected a dose-dependent relationship, and DNA damage initially increased and then decreased over time. The results suggest that the sub-chronic exposure of acetamiprid can cause oxidative stress and DNA damage of earthworm and change the activity of the anti-oxidant enzyme. In addition, ROS content and DNA damage can be good indicators for assessing environmental risks of acetamiprid in earthworms. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

76 FR 55814 - 2,4-D; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-09

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 180 [EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0905; FRL-8881-7] 2,4-D... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of 2,4-D in or on teff, bran; teff, forage; teff, grain; and... 408(d)(3) of FFDCA, 21 U.S.C. 346a(d)(3), announcing the filing of a pesticide petition (PP 0F7796) by...

Induction and transmission of tolerance to the synthetic pesticide emamectin benzoate in field and laboratory populations of diamondback moth.

PubMed

Rahman, M M; Baker, G; Powis, K J; Roush, R T; Schmidt, O

2010-08-01

Field surveys of pest insect pest populations in agroecosystems reveal low but significant levels of tolerance to synthetic and biological pesticides but fail to uncover resistance alleles in test crosses. To study the potential of inducible mechanisms to generate tolerance to synthetic pesticides, we performed baseline susceptibility studies in field and laboratory populations of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), to commercial formulations of emamectin benzoate. Pesticide exposure in the field caused elevated levels of tolerance, which decreased in field-collected populations after maintaining insects with pesticide-free diet in the laboratory. Because no significant resistance alleles were identified in back-crossed individuals, the observed increase in tolerance was probably not based on preexisting recessive resistance mechanisms in the population. Instead, the genetic analysis after five and 12 generations is compatible with a transient up-regulation of an immune and metabolic status in tolerant insects that can be transmitted to offspring by a maternal effect. Although the epigenetic effects contributed to incremental increases in tolerance in the first five generations, other resistance mechanisms that are transmitted genetically predominate after 12 generations of increased exposure to the pesticide.

40 CFR 180.7 - Petitions proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Petitions proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural commodities or processed foods. 180.7 Section 180... proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural commodities or processed...

40 CFR 180.7 - Petitions proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Petitions proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural commodities or processed foods. 180.7 Section 180... proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural commodities or processed...

77 FR 8741 - Spirotetramat; Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-15

... on onion, dry bulb under section 408(l)(6) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), 21 U... pesticide on dry bulb onions. This regulation establishes a maximum permissible level for residues of... degradates, in or on onion, dry bulb at 0.3 parts per million (ppm). This time-limited tolerance expires on...

Order Denying Petition to Revoke All Tolerances for the Pesticide Chlorpyrifos

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

In this Order, EPA denies a petition requesting that EPA revoke all tolerances for the pesticide chlorpyrifos under section 408(d) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and cancel all chlorpyrifos registrations under FIFRA.

40 CFR 180.7 - Petitions proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural commodities or processed foods. 180.7 Section 180.7 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Procedural Regulations § 180.7 Petitions...

40 CFR 180.7 - Petitions proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural commodities or processed foods. 180.7 Section 180.7 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Procedural Regulations § 180.7 Petitions...

40 CFR 180.7 - Petitions proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural commodities or processed foods. 180.7 Section 180.7 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Procedural Regulations § 180.7 Petitions...

[Determination of eight pesticide residues in tea by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its uncertainty evaluation].

PubMed

Hu, Beizhen; Cai, Haijiang; Song, Weihua

2012-09-01

A method was developed for the determination of eight pesticide residues (fipronil, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, buprofezin, triadimefon, triadimenol, profenofos, pyridaben) in tea by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The sample was extracted by accelerated solvent extraction with acetone-dichloromethane (1:1, v/v) as solvent, and the extract was then cleaned-up with a Carb/NH2 solid phase extraction (SPE) column. The separation was performed on a Hypersil Gold C, column (150 mm x 2. 1 mm, 5 microm) and with the gradient elution of acetonitrile and 0. 1% formic acid. The eight pesticides were determined in the modes of electrospray ionization (ESI) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The analytes were quantified by matrix-matched internal standard method for imidacloprid and acetamiprid, by matrix-matched external standard method for the other pesticides. The calibration curves showed good linearity in 1 - 100 microg/L for fipronil, and in 5 -200 microg/L for the other pesticides. The limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N> 10) were 2 p.g/kg for fipronil and 10 microg/kg for the other pesticides. The average recoveries ranged from 75. 5% to 115.0% with the relative standard deviations of 2.7% - 7.7% at the spiked levels of 2, 5, 50 microg/kg for fipronil and 10, 50, 100 microg/kg for the other pesticides. The uncertainty evaluation for the results was carried out according to JJF 1059-1999 "Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement". Items constituting measurement uncertainty involved standard solution, weighing of sample, sample pre-treatment, and the measurement repeatability of the equipment were evaluated. The results showed that the measurement uncertainty is mainly due to sample pre-treatment, standard curves and measurement repeatability of the equipment. The method developed is suitable for the conformation and quantification of the pesticides in tea.

Qualitative Profiling and Quantification of Neonicotinoid Metabolites in Human Urine by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry

PubMed Central

Taira, Kumiko; Fujioka, Kazutoshi; Aoyama, Yoshiko

2013-01-01

Neonicotinoid pesticides have been widely applied for the production of fruits and vegetables, and occasionally detected in conventionally grown produce. Thus oral exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides may exist in the general population; however, neonicotinoid metabolites in human body fluids have not been investigated comprehensively. The purpose of this study is the qualitative profiling and quantitative analysis of neonicotinoid metabolites in the human spot urine by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Human urine samples were collected from three patients suspected of subacute exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides. A qualitative profiling of urinary metabolites was performed using liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/TOFMS) with a database of nominal molecular weights of 57 known metabolites of three neonicotinoid pesticides (acetamiprid, Imidacloprid, and clothianidin), as well as the parent compounds. Then a quantitative analysis of selected urinary metabolites was performed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) with a standard pesticide and metabolite, which were detected by the qualitative profiling. The result of qualitative profiling showed that seven metabolites, i.e. an acetamiprid metabolite, N-desmethyl-acetamiprid; three Imidacloprid metabolites, 5-hydroxy-Imidacloprid, 4,5-dihydroxy-imidacloprid, 4,5-dehydro-Imidacloprid; a common metabolite of acetamiprid and Imidacloprid, N-(6-chloronicotinoyl)-glycine; and two clothianidin metabolites, N-desmethyl-clothianidin, N-(2-(methylsulfanyl)thiazole-5-carboxyl)-glycine, as well as acetamiprid, were detected in the urine of three cases. The result of the quantitative analysis showed N-desmethyl-acetamiprid was determined in the urine of one case, which had been collected on the first visit, at a concentration of 3.2 ng/mL. This is the first report on the qualitative and quantitative detection of N-desmethyl-acetamiprid in the human

Research on identification and determination of mixed pesticides in apples using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhai, Chen; Li, Yongyu; Peng, Yankun; Xu, Tianfeng; Dhakal, Sagar; Chao, Kuanglin; Qin, Jianwei

2015-05-01

Residual pesticides in fruits and vegetables have become one of the major food safety concerns around the world. At present, routine analytical methods used for the determination of pesticide residue on the surface of fruits and vegetables are destructive, complex, time-consuming, high cost and not environmentally friendly. In this study, a novel Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) method with silver colloid was developed for fast and sensitive nondestructive detection of residual pesticides in fruits and vegetables by using a self-developed Raman system. SERS technology is a combination of Raman spectroscopy and nanotechnology. SERS can greatly enhance the Raman signal intensity, achieve single-molecule detection, and has a simple sample pre-treatment characteristic of high sensitivity and no damage; in recent years it has begun to be used in food safety testing research. In this study a rapid and sensitive method was developed to identify and analyze mixed pesticides of chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin and acetamiprid in apple samples by SERS. Silver colloid was used for SERS measurement by hydroxylamine hydrochloride reduced. The advantages of this method are seen in its fast preparation at room temperature, good reproducibility and immediate applicability. Raman spectrum is highly interfered by noise signals and fluorescence background, which make it too complex to get good result. In this study the noise signals and fluorescence background were removed by Savitzky-Golay filter and min-max signal adaptive zooming method. Under optimal conditions, pesticide residues in apple samples can be detected by SERS at 0.005 μg/cm2 and 0.002 μg/cm2 for individual acetamiprid and thiram, respectively. When mixing the two pesticides at low concentrations, their characteristic peaks can still be identified from the SERS spectrum of the mixture. Based on the synthesized material and its application in SERS operation, the method represents an ultrasensitive SERS performance

Effects of the neonicotinoids acetamiprid and thiacloprid in their commercial formulations on soil fauna.

PubMed

Renaud, Mathieu; Akeju, Tolutope; Natal-da-Luz, Tiago; Leston, Sara; Rosa, João; Ramos, Fernando; Sousa, José Paulo; Azevedo-Pereira, Henrique M V S

2018-03-01

Neonicotinoids are the most prominent group of insecticides in the world and are commercialized in over 120 countries for the control of agricultural pests mainly due to their broad-spectrum activity and versatility in application. Though non-target soil organisms are likely to be exposed during application, there is paucity of information in scientific literature regarding their sensitivity to neonicotinoids. This study attempts to fill this gap by evaluating, under laboratory conditions, the chronic toxicity of the neonicotinoids thiacloprid and acetamiprid, through their commercial formulations (CF), to the soil invertebrates Folsomia candida, Eisenia andrei and Enchytraeus crypticus. Results obtained indicate that the relative reproductive sensitivity of the test organisms can be expressed as: F. candida = E. andrei > E. crypticus (for acetamiprid CF) and E. andrei > F. candida > E. crypticus (for thiacloprid CF). To extrapolate from laboratory test results to field conditions, predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) and predicted no-effect concentrations were derived. Calculated toxicity-exposure ratios (TER = EC10/PEC) were below trigger values for acetamiprid and thiacloprid, when estimated with initial PEC. While estimated hazard quotients (HQ = PEC/PNEC), were greater than the European Commission trigger value. Therefore, with the current data under standard environmental risk assessment schemes it can be considered that the risk of thiacloprid and acetamiprid to the soil compartment is unacceptable. However, further research into the effects of these substances on different organisms is required to increase the confidence in the risk assessment estimates for instance, by calculating hazardous concentrations using species sensitivity distribution curves. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Isolation and characterization of acetamiprid - A neonicotinoid insecticide using TLC and GC-mass spectrometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Purohit, Praveen; Malik, Shaloo

2018-05-01

Neonicotinoid is a recently developed class of insecticides with worldwide use that has been increasing. It acts as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. Acetamiprid belongs to this new class of insecticide which have different effects from other insecticides. The present paper deals with a method of extraction and isolation of Acetamiprid from cadaver tissues in a case of poisoning. TLC method using single solvent system and nine different chromogenic reagents has been suggested for preliminary identification. GC-mass spectrometry has been suggested to ascertain the presence of this neonicotinoid insecticide in the biological material for the use of working forensic toxicologists in the field.

Liquid-phase membrane extraction of targeted pesticides from manufacturing wastewaters in a hollow fibre contactor with feed-stream recycle.

PubMed

Đorđević, Jelena; Vladisavljević, Goran T; Trtić-Petrović, Tatjana

2017-01-01

A two-phase membrane extraction in a hollow fibre contactor with feed-stream recycle was applied to remove selected pesticides (tebufenozide, linuron, imidacloprid, acetamiprid and dimethoate) from their mixed aqueous solutions. The contactor consisted of 50 polypropylene hollow fibres impregnated with 5% tri-n-octylphosphine oxide in di-n-hexyl ether. For low-polar pesticides with log P ≥ 2 (tebufenozide and linuron), the maximum removal efficiency increased linearly from 85% to 96% with increasing the feed flow rate. The maximum removal efficiencies of more polar pesticides were significantly higher under feed recirculation (86%) than in a continuous single-pass operation (30%). It was found from the Wilson's plot that the mass transfer resistance of the liquid membrane can be neglected for low-polar pesticides. The pesticide removals from commercial formulations were similar to those from pure pesticide solutions, indicating that built-in adjuvants did not affect the extraction process.

Integrating both interaction pathways between warming and pesticide exposure on upper thermal tolerance in high- and low-latitude populations of an aquatic insect.

PubMed

Op de Beeck, Lin; Verheyen, Julie; Stoks, Robby

2017-05-01

Global warming and chemical pollution are key anthropogenic stressors with the potential to interact. While warming can change the impact of pollutants and pollutants can change the sensitivity to warming, both interaction pathways have never been integrated in a single experiment. Therefore, we tested the effects of warming and multiple pesticide pulses (allowing accumulation) of chlorpyrifos on upper thermal tolerance (CTmax) and associated physiological traits related to aerobic/anaerobic energy production in the damselfly Ischnura elegans. To also assess the role of latitude-specific thermal adaptation in shaping the impact of warming and pesticide exposure on thermal tolerance, we exposed larvae from replicated high- and low-latitude populations to the pesticide in a common garden rearing experiment at 20 and 24 °C, the mean summer water temperatures at high and low latitudes. As expected, exposure to chlorpyrifos resulted in a lower CTmax. Yet, this pesticide effect on CTmax was lower at 24 °C compared to 20 °C because of a lower accumulation of chlorpyrifos in the medium at 24 °C. The effects on CTmax could partly be explained by reduction of the aerobic scope. Given that these effects did not differ between latitudes, gradual thermal evolution is not expected to counteract the negative effect of the pesticide on thermal tolerance. By for the first time integrating both interaction pathways we were not only able to provide support for both of them, but more importantly demonstrate that they can directly affect each other. Indeed, the warming-induced reduction in pesticide impact generated a lower pesticide-induced climate change sensitivity (in terms of decreased upper thermal tolerance). Our results indicate that, assuming no increase in pesticide input, global warming might reduce the negative effect of multiple pulse exposures to pesticides on sensitivity to elevated temperatures. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Impact of Pesticide Resistance on Toxicity and Tolerance of Hostplant Phytochemicals in Amyelois Transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

PubMed Central

Bagchi, Vikram A.; Siegel, Joel P.; Demkovich, Mark R.; Zehr, Luke N.; Berenbaum, May R.

2016-01-01

For some polyphagous insects, adaptation to phytochemically novel plants can enhance resistance to certain pesticides, but whether pesticide resistance expands tolerance to phytochemicals has not been examined. Amyelois transitella Walker (navel orangeworm) is an important polyphagous pest of nut and fruit tree crops in California. Bifenthrin resistance, partially attributable to enhanced cytochrome P450 (P450)-mediated detoxification, has been reported in an almond-infesting population exposed to intense pesticide selection. We compared the toxicity of bifenthrin and three phytochemicals–chlorogenic acid, and the furanocoumarins xanthotoxin and bergapten–to three strains of A. transitella: pyrethroid-resistant R347 (maintained in the laboratory for ∼10 generations), fig-derived FIG (in the laboratory for ∼25 generations), and CPQ–a laboratory strain derived from almonds ∼40 years ago). Whereas both Ficus carica (fig) and Prunus dulcis (almond) contain chlorogenic acid, furanocoumarins occur only in figs. Both R347 and FIG exhibited 2-fold greater resistance to the three phytochemicals compared with CPQ; surprisingly, bifenthrin resistance was highest in FIG. Piperonyl butoxide, a P450 synergist, increased toxicity of all three phytochemicals only in CPQ, implicating alternate tolerance mechanisms in R347 and FIG. To test the ability of the strains to utilize novel hostplants directly, we compared survival on diets containing seeds of Wisteria sinensis and Prosopis pallida, two non-host Fabaceae species; survival of FIG was highest and survival of R347 was lowest. Our results suggest that, while P450-mediated pesticide resistance enhances tolerance of certain phytochemicals in this species, it is only one of multiple biochemical adaptations associated with acquiring novel hostplants. PMID:27620560

Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Commonly Used Fruits and Vegetables in Kuwait.

PubMed

Jallow, Mustapha F A; Awadh, Dawood G; Albaho, Mohammed S; Devi, Vimala Y; Ahmad, Nisar

2017-07-25

The presence of pesticide residues in primary and derived agricultural products raises serious health concerns for consumers. The aim of this study was to assess the level of pesticide residues in commonly consumed fruits and vegetables in Kuwait. A total of 150 samples of different fresh vegetables and fruits were analyzed for the presence of 34 pesticides using the quick easy cheap effective rugged and safe (QuEChERS) multi-residue extraction, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC - MS / MS). Pesticide residues above the maximum residue limits (MRL) were detected in 21% of the samples and 79% of the samples had no residues of the pesticides surveyed or contained residues below the MRL. Multiple residues were present in 40% of the samples with two to four pesticides, and four samples were contaminated with more than four pesticide residues. Of the pesticides investigated, 16 were detected, of which imidacloprid, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, malathion, acetamiprid, monocrotophos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, and diazinon exceeded their MRLs. Aldrin, an organochlorine pesticide, was detected in one apple sample, with residues below the MRL. The results indicate the occurrence of pesticide residues in commonly consumed fruits and vegetables in Kuwait, and pointed to an urgent need to develop comprehensive intervention measures to reduce the potential health risk to consumers. The need for the regular monitoring of pesticide residues and the sensitization of farmers to better pesticide safety practices, especially the need to adhere to recommended pre-harvest intervals is recommended.

Impact of Pesticide Resistance on Toxicity and Tolerance of Hostplant Phytochemicals in Amyelois Transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

PubMed

Bagchi, Vikram A; Siegel, Joel P; Demkovich, Mark R; Zehr, Luke N; Berenbaum, May R

2016-01-01

For some polyphagous insects, adaptation to phytochemically novel plants can enhance resistance to certain pesticides, but whether pesticide resistance expands tolerance to phytochemicals has not been examined. Amyelois transitella Walker (navel orangeworm) is an important polyphagous pest of nut and fruit tree crops in California. Bifenthrin resistance, partially attributable to enhanced cytochrome P450 (P450)-mediated detoxification, has been reported in an almond-infesting population exposed to intense pesticide selection. We compared the toxicity of bifenthrin and three phytochemicals-chlorogenic acid, and the furanocoumarins xanthotoxin and bergapten-to three strains of A. transitella: pyrethroid-resistant R347 (maintained in the laboratory for ∼10 generations), fig-derived FIG (in the laboratory for ∼25 generations), and CPQ-a laboratory strain derived from almonds ∼40 years ago). Whereas both Ficus carica (fig) and Prunus dulcis (almond) contain chlorogenic acid, furanocoumarins occur only in figs. Both R347 and FIG exhibited 2-fold greater resistance to the three phytochemicals compared with CPQ; surprisingly, bifenthrin resistance was highest in FIG. Piperonyl butoxide, a P450 synergist, increased toxicity of all three phytochemicals only in CPQ, implicating alternate tolerance mechanisms in R347 and FIG. To test the ability of the strains to utilize novel hostplants directly, we compared survival on diets containing seeds of Wisteria sinensis and Prosopis pallida, two non-host Fabaceae species; survival of FIG was highest and survival of R347 was lowest. Our results suggest that, while P450-mediated pesticide resistance enhances tolerance of certain phytochemicals in this species, it is only one of multiple biochemical adaptations associated with acquiring novel hostplants. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Exposure of amateur gardeners to pesticides via the non-gloved skin per day.

PubMed

Beránková, Martina; Hojerová, Jarmila; Melegová, Linda

2017-10-01

To predict a risk to gardeners not wearing protective gloves, the dermal absorption of three active insecticides was assessed in vitro using porcine ear-skin simulating 1-h handling of diluted plant protection products. Acetamiprid and Pirimicarb were found in the receptor fluid immediately after 1-h skin exposure, whereas Chlorpyrifos-methyl absorbed in the skin was not released into the receptor fluid even after 23 hours. The Estimated Gardener Exposure Level (EGEL) at 23 hours after 1-h exposure for two worst-case scenarios (i) non-gloved hands; (ii) non-gloved hands/uncovered forearms, was (i) 0.002, 0.042, and 0.057; (ii) 0.006, 0.101, and 0.135 mg/kg bw/day for Acetamiprid, Pirimicarb, and Chlorpyrifos-methyl, respectively, although the systemically available Chlorpyrifos-methyl amount, due to retention in the skin, is probably lower than determined. The Gardener Exposure Risk (GER), as a ratio of Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (databased values) to EGEL, for Acetamiprid was (i) 35 and 12-fold higher than the limit 1, so the risk via the skin is assumed to be low. Based on the GER values of (i) 0.83 and 0.18; (ii) 0.34 and 0.07 (i.e.<1) for Pirimicarb and Chlorpyrifos-methyl, respectively there is a level of concern regarding the health risk to gardeners handling pesticide products without skin protection. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Label-free impedimetric aptasensor for detection of femtomole level acetamiprid using gold nanoparticles decorated multiwalled carbon nanotube-reduced graphene oxide nanoribbon composites.

PubMed

Fei, Airong; Liu, Qian; Huan, Juan; Qian, Jing; Dong, Xiaoya; Qiu, Baijing; Mao, Hanping; Wang, Kun

2015-08-15

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) decorated multiwalled carbon nanotube-reduced graphene oxide nanoribbon (Au/MWCNT-rGONR) composites were synthesized by a one-pot reaction. By employing the resulting Au/MWCNT-rGONR composites as the support for aptamer immobilization, we developed an ultrasensitive label-free electrochemical impedimetric aptasensor for acetamiprid detection, which was based on that the variation of electron transfer resistance was relevant to the formation of acetamiprid-aptamer complex at the modified electrode surface. Compared with pure Au NPs and MWCNT-rGONR, the Au/MWCNT-rGONR composites modified electrode was the most sensitive aptasensing platform for the determination of acetamiprid. The proposed aptasensor displayed a linear response for acetamiprid in the range from 5×10(-14) M to 1×10(-5) M with an extremely low detection limit of 1.7×10(-14) M (S/N=3). In addition, this impedimetric aptasensor possessed great advantages including the simple operation process, low-cost, selectivity and sensitivity, which provided a promising model for the aptamer-based detection with a direct impedimetric method. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Pesticides from wastewater treatment plant effluents affect invertebrate communities.

PubMed

Münze, Ronald; Hannemann, Christin; Orlinskiy, Polina; Gunold, Roman; Paschke, Albrecht; Foit, Kaarina; Becker, Jeremias; Kaske, Oliver; Paulsson, Elin; Peterson, Märit; Jernstedt, Henrik; Kreuger, Jenny; Schüürmann, Gerrit; Liess, Matthias

2017-12-01

We quantified pesticide contamination and its ecological impact up- and downstream of seven wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in rural and suburban areas of central Germany. During two sampling campaigns, time-weighted average pesticide concentrations (c TWA ) were obtained using Chemcatcher® passive samplers; pesticide peak concentrations were quantified with event-driven samplers. At downstream sites, receiving waters were additionally grab sampled for five selected pharmaceuticals. Ecological effects on macroinvertebrate structure and ecosystem function were assessed using the biological indicator system SPEAR pesticides (SPEcies At Risk) and leaf litter breakdown rates, respectively. WWTP effluents substantially increased insecticide and fungicide concentrations in receiving waters; in many cases, treated wastewater was the exclusive source for the neonicotinoid insecticides acetamiprid and imidacloprid in the investigated streams. During the ten weeks of the investigation, five out of the seven WWTPs increased in-stream pesticide toxicity by a factor of three. As a consequence, at downstream sites, SPEAR values and leaf litter degradation rates were reduced by 40% and 53%, respectively. The reduced leaf litter breakdown was related to changes in the macroinvertebrate communities described by SPEAR pesticides and not to altered microbial activity. Neonicotinoids showed the highest ecological relevance for the composition of invertebrate communities, occasionally exceeding the Regulatory Acceptable Concentrations (RACs). In general, considerable ecological effects of insecticides were observed above and below regulatory thresholds. Fungicides, herbicides and pharmaceuticals contributed only marginally to acute toxicity. We conclude that pesticide retention of WWTPs needs to be improved. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Contacts in the Office of Pesticide Programs, Pesticide Re-Evaluation Division

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Contact the Pesticide Re-Evaluation Division (PRD) about registration review and reregistration follow up (including post-RED activities, product reregistration, and implementing certain tolerance reassessment decisions) for conventional pesticides.

Development of a method for the determination of 9 currently used cotton pesticides by gas chromatography with electron capture detection.

PubMed

Zhang, Baohong; Pan, Xiaoping; Venne, Louise; Dunnum, Suzy; McMurry, Scott T; Cobb, George P; Anderson, Todd A

2008-05-30

A reliable, sensitive, and reproducible method was developed for quantitative determination of nine new generation pesticides currently used in cotton agriculture. Injector temperature significantly affected analyte response as indicated by electron capture detector (ECD) chromatograms. A majority of the analytes had an enhanced response at injector temperatures between 240 and 260 degrees C, especially analytes such as acephate that overall had a poor response on the ECD. The method detection limits (MDLs) were 0.13, 0.05, 0.29, 0.35, 0.08, 0.10, 0.32, 0.05, and 0.59 ng/mL for acephate, trifuralin, malathion, thiamethozam, pendimethalin, DEF6, acetamiprid, brifenthrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin. This study provides a precision (0.17-13.1%), accuracy (recoveries=88-107%) and good reproducible method for the analytes of interest. At relatively high concentrations, only lambda-cyhalothrin was unstable at room temperature (20-25 degrees C) and 4 degrees C over 10 days. At relatively low concentrations, acephate and acetamiprid were also unstable regardless of temperature. After 10 days storage at room temperature, 30-40% degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin was observed. It is recommended that acephate, acetamiprid, and lambda-cyhalothrin be stored at -20 degrees C or analyzed immediately after extraction.

Similar Comparative Low and High Doses of Deltamethrin and Acetamiprid Differently Impair the Retrieval of the Proboscis Extension Reflex in the Forager Honey Bee (Apis mellifera).

PubMed

Thany, Steeve H; Bourdin, Céline M; Graton, Jérôme; Laurent, Adèle D; Mathé-Allainmat, Monique; Lebreton, Jacques; Questel, Jean-Yves le

2015-09-28

In the present study, the effects of low (10 ng/bee) and high (100 ng/bee) doses of acetamiprid and deltamethrin insecticides on multi-trial learning and retrieval were evaluated in the honey bee Apis mellifera. After oral application, acetamiprid and deltamethrin at the concentrations used were not able to impair learning sessions. When the retention tests were performed 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h after learning, we found a significant difference between bees after learning sessions when drugs were applied 24 h before learning. Deltamethrin-treated bees were found to be more sensitive at 10 ng/bee and 100 ng/bee doses compared to acetamiprid-treated bees, only with amounts of 100 ng/bee and at 6 h and 24 h delays. When insecticides were applied during learning sessions, none of the tested insecticides was able to impair learning performance at 10 ng/bee or 100 ng/bee but retention performance was altered 24 h after learning sessions. Acetamiprid was the only one to impair retrieval at 10 ng/bee, whereas at 100 ng/bee an impairment of retrieval was found with both insecticides. The present results therefore suggest that acetamiprid and deltamethrin are able to impair retrieval performance in the honey bee Apis mellifera.

Pesticide residues in honey bees, pollen and beeswax: Assessing beehive exposure.

PubMed

Calatayud-Vernich, Pau; Calatayud, Fernando; Simó, Enrique; Picó, Yolanda

2018-05-23

In order to study the distribution of pesticide residues in beekeeping matrices, samples of live in-hive worker honey bees (Apis mellifera), fresh stored pollen and beeswax were collected during 2016-2017 from 45 apiaries located in different landscape contexts in Spain. A total of 133 samples were screened for 63 pesticides or their degradation products to estimate the pesticide exposure to honey bee health through the calculation of the hazard quotient (HQ). The influence of the surrounding environment on the content of pesticides in pollen was assessed by comparing the concentrations of pesticide residues found in apiaries from intensive farming landscapes to those found in apiaries located in mountainous, grassland and urban contexts. Beeswax revealed high levels of miticides used in beekeeping such as coumaphos, chlorfenvinphos, fluvalinate and acrinathrin, which were detected in more than 75% of samples. Pollen was predominantly contaminated by miticides but also by insecticides used in agriculture such as chlorpyrifos and acetamiprid, which showed concentrations significantly higher in apiaries located in intensive farming contexts. Pesticides residues were less frequent and at lower concentrations in live honey bees. Beeswax showed the highest average hazard scores (HQ > 5000) to honey bees. Pollen samples contained the largest number of pesticide residues and relevant hazard (HQ > 50) to bees. Acrinathrin was the most important contributor to the hazard quotient scores in wax and pollen samples. The contributions of the pesticides dimethoate and chlorpyrifos to HQ were considered relevant in samples. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

78 FR 53039 - Pyraclostrobin; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-28

... behavior changes were not observed. In the rat developmental toxicity study, developmental toxicity... requires EPA to give special consideration to exposure of infants and children to the pesticide chemical... result to infants and children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue...

78 FR 8407 - Endosulfan; Pesticide Tolerance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-06

..., food manufacturers, or pesticide manufacturers. The following list of North American Industrial... (NAICS code 111). Animal Production (NAICS code 112). Food Manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide... statutory standards of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) section 408. EPA may in the future...

40 CFR 180.144 - Cyhexatin; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.144 Cyhexatin; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for combined...

40 CFR 180.144 - Cyhexatin; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.144 Cyhexatin; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for combined...

40 CFR 180.231 - Dichlobenil; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.231 Dichlobenil; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for the combined...

40 CFR 180.496 - Thiazopyr; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.496 Thiazopyr; tolerances for residues. Tolerances are established for combined residues of the...

40 CFR 180.602 - Spiroxamine; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.602 Spiroxamine; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for the combined...

40 CFR 180.407 - Thiodicarb; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.407 Thiodicarb; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for the combined...

40 CFR 180.410 - Triadimefon; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.410 Triadimefon; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for the combined...

40 CFR 180.604 - Mepanipyrim; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...) Import tolerances. Tolerances are established for the combined residues of mepanipyrim, 4-methyl-N-phenyl...

40 CFR 180.231 - Dichlobenil; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.231 Dichlobenil; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for the combined...

40 CFR 180.596 - Fosthiazate; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.596 Fosthiazate; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for the combined...

40 CFR 180.496 - Thiazopyr; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.496 Thiazopyr; tolerances for residues. Tolerances are established for combined residues of the...

40 CFR 180.604 - Mepanipyrim; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...) Import tolerances. Tolerances are established for the combined residues of mepanipyrim, 4-methyl-N-phenyl...

40 CFR 180.637 - Mandipropamid; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... commodities, resulting from use of the pesticide pursuant to FFIFRA section 18 emergency exemptions. The tolerances expire on the date specified in the table. Commodity Parts per million Expiration date Basil...

Test Guidelines for Pesticides and Toxic Substances

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Documents that specify methods EPA recommends to generate data submitted to EPA to support the registration of a pesticide, setting of a tolerance or tolerance exemption for pesticide residues, or the decision making process for an industrial chemical.

Effects of landuse and precipitation on pesticides and water quality in playa lakes of the southern high plains.

PubMed

Anderson, Todd A; Salice, Christopher J; Erickson, Richard A; McMurry, Scott T; Cox, Stephen B; Smith, Loren M

2013-06-01

The 25000 playa wetlands within the Southern High Plains (SHP) of the United States of America (USA) are the dominant hydrogeomorphic feature in the region, providing habitat for numerous plants and wildlife. The SHP are among the most intensively cultivated regions; there are concerns over the degradation and/or loss of playa wetland habitat. We examined water quality in playa wetlands surrounded by both grassland and agriculture and measured water concentrations of pesticides used on cotton (acephate, trifluralin, malathion, pendimethalin, tribufos, bifenthrin, λ-cyhalothrin, acetamiprid, and thiamethoxam), the dominant crop in the SHP. Pesticides used on cotton were detected in water samples collected from all playas. Precipitation events and the amount of cultivation were related to pesticide concentrations in sediment and water. Our results show that pesticide concentrations were related in some circumstances to time, precipitation, and tilled-index for some but not all pesticides. We further compared measured pesticide concentrations in playas to toxicity benchmarks used by the US EPA in pesticide ecological risk assessments to obtain some insight into the potential for ecological effects. For all pesticides in water, the maximum measured concentrations exceeded at least one toxicity benchmark, while median concentrations did not exceed any benchmarks. This analysis indicates that there is a potential for adverse effects of pesticides to aquatic organisms. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 180.637 - Mandipropamid; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... commodities, resulting from use of the pesticide pursuant to FFIFRA section 18 emergency exemptions. The... Basil, dried 240 12/31/15 Basil, fresh 20 12/31/15 (c) Tolerances with regional registrations. [Reserved...

40 CFR 180.498 - Sulfentrazone; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Parts per million Asparagus 0.15 Bean, lima, succulent 0.15 Brassica, head and stem, subgroup 5A 0.20... pesticide under section 18 emergency exemptions granted by EPA. Compliance with the tolerance levels...

40 CFR 180.245 - Streptomycin; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Streptomycin; tolerances for residues...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.245 Streptomycin; tolerances for residues. (a) General. (1) Tolerances are established for...

40 CFR 180.637 - Mandipropamid; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Mandipropamid; tolerances for residues...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.637 Mandipropamid; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for residues...

40 CFR 180.245 - Streptomycin; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Streptomycin; tolerances for residues...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.245 Streptomycin; tolerances for residues. (a) General. (1) Tolerances are established for...

40 CFR 180.315 - Methamidophos; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Methamidophos; tolerances for residues...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.315 Methamidophos; tolerances for residues. (a) Tolerances are established for residues of the...

40 CFR 180.425 - Clomazone; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Clomazone; tolerances for residues...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.425 Clomazone; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for residues of...

40 CFR 180.601 - Cyazofamid; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Cyazofamid; tolerances for residues...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.601 Cyazofamid; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for residues of...

40 CFR 180.478 - Rimsulfuron; tolerances for residues

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Rimsulfuron; tolerances for residues...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.478 Rimsulfuron; tolerances for residues (a) General. Tolerances are established for residues of...

40 CFR 180.433 - Fomesafen; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fomesafen; tolerances for residues...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.433 Fomesafen; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for residues of...

40 CFR 180.627 - Fluopicolide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fluopicolide; tolerances for residues...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.627 Fluopicolide; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for residues of...

40 CFR 180.603 - Dinotefuran; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Dinotefuran; tolerances for residues...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.603 Dinotefuran; tolerances for residues. (a) General. (1) Tolerances are established for residues...

Major Pesticides Are More Toxic to Human Cells Than Their Declared Active Principles

PubMed Central

Spiroux de Vendômois, Joël; Séralini, Gilles-Eric

2014-01-01

Pesticides are used throughout the world as mixtures called formulations. They contain adjuvants, which are often kept confidential and are called inerts by the manufacturing companies, plus a declared active principle, which is usually tested alone. We tested the toxicity of 9 pesticides, comparing active principles and their formulations, on three human cell lines (HepG2, HEK293, and JEG3). Glyphosate, isoproturon, fluroxypyr, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, tebuconazole, epoxiconazole, and prochloraz constitute, respectively, the active principles of 3 major herbicides, 3 insecticides, and 3 fungicides. We measured mitochondrial activities, membrane degradations, and caspases 3/7 activities. Fungicides were the most toxic from concentrations 300–600 times lower than agricultural dilutions, followed by herbicides and then insecticides, with very similar profiles in all cell types. Despite its relatively benign reputation, Roundup was among the most toxic herbicides and insecticides tested. Most importantly, 8 formulations out of 9 were up to one thousand times more toxic than their active principles. Our results challenge the relevance of the acceptable daily intake for pesticides because this norm is calculated from the toxicity of the active principle alone. Chronic tests on pesticides may not reflect relevant environmental exposures if only one ingredient of these mixtures is tested alone. PMID:24719846

Setting Tolerances for Pesticide Residues in Foods

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Pesticides are widely used in producing food and may remain in small amounts in or on fruits, vegetables, grains, and other foods. EPA ensures the safety of the food supply regulating the amount of pesticide that may remain on food. Learn how we do this.

40 CFR 180.5 - Zero tolerances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Zero tolerances. 180.5 Section 180.5... EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Definitions and Interpretative Regulations § 180.5 Zero tolerances. A zero tolerance means that no amount of the pesticide chemical may remain on the raw...

40 CFR 180.5 - Zero tolerances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Zero tolerances. 180.5 Section 180.5... EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Definitions and Interpretative Regulations § 180.5 Zero tolerances. A zero tolerance means that no amount of the pesticide chemical may remain on the raw...

40 CFR 180.5 - Zero tolerances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Zero tolerances. 180.5 Section 180.5... EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Definitions and Interpretative Regulations § 180.5 Zero tolerances. A zero tolerance means that no amount of the pesticide chemical may remain on the raw...

40 CFR 180.1127 - Biochemical pesticide plant floral volatile attractant compounds: cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Biochemical pesticide plant floral... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1127 Biochemical pesticide plant floral volatile attractant compounds...

40 CFR 180.1127 - Biochemical pesticide plant floral volatile attractant compounds: cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Biochemical pesticide plant floral... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1127 Biochemical pesticide plant floral volatile attractant compounds...

40 CFR 180.101 - Specific tolerances; general provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... per one million parts by weight of the raw agricultural commodity. (b) The poisonous and deleterious... used for determining whether pesticide residues, including negligible residues, in or on raw...

40 CFR 180.101 - Specific tolerances; general provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... per one million parts by weight of the raw agricultural commodity. (b) The poisonous and deleterious... used for determining whether pesticide residues, including negligible residues, in or on raw...

40 CFR 180.499 - Propamocarb hydrochloride, tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... for residues. 180.499 Section 180.499 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.499 Propamocarb hydrochloride, tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are...

40 CFR 180.499 - Propamocarb hydrochloride, tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... for residues. 180.499 Section 180.499 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.499 Propamocarb hydrochloride, tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are...

40 CFR 180.501 - Hydroprene; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Hydroprene; tolerances for residues. 180.501 Section 180.501 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.501 Hydroprene; tolerances for residues. (a)...

40 CFR 180.371 - Thiophanate-methyl; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... residues. 180.371 Section 180.371 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.371 Thiophanate-methyl; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for...

Suspected poisoning of domestic animals by pesticides.

PubMed

Caloni, Francesca; Cortinovis, Cristina; Rivolta, Marina; Davanzo, Franca

2016-01-01

A retrospective study was carried out by reviewing all suspected cases of domestic animal poisoning attributed to pesticides, reported to the Milan Poison Control Centre (MPCC) between January 2011 and December 2013. During this period, pesticides were found to be responsible for 37.3% of all suspected poisoning enquiries received (815). The most commonly species involved was the dog (71.1% of calls) followed by the cat (15.8%), while a limited number of cases involved horses, goats and sheep. Most cases of exposure (47.1%) resulted in mild to moderate clinical signs. The outcome was reported in 59.9% of these cases, with death occurring in 10.4% of them. Insecticides (40.8%) proved to be the most common group of pesticides involved and exposure to pyrethrins-pyrethroids accounted for the majority of calls. According to the MPCC data, there has been a decrease in the number of suspected poisonings cases attributed to pesticides that have been banned by the EU, including aldicarb, carbofuran, endosulfan and paraquat. In contrast, there has been an increase of suspected poisoning cases attributed to the neonicotinoids, imidacloprid and acetamiprid, probably due to their widespread use in recent years. Cases of suspected poisoning that involved exposure to rodenticides accounted for 27.6% of calls received by the MPCC and anticoagulant rodenticides were the primary cause of calls, with many cases involving brodifacoum and bromadiolone. Herbicides were involved in 14.2% of calls related to pesticides and glyphosate was the main culprit in cases involving dogs, cats, horses, goats and sheep. As far as exposure to molluscicides (11.5%) and fungicides (5.9%), most of the cases involved dogs and the suspected poisoning agents were metaldehyde and copper compounds respectively. The data collected are useful in determining trends in poisoning episodes and identifying newly emerging toxicants, thus demonstrating the prevalence of pesticides as causative agents in animal

40 CFR 180.601 - Cyazofamid; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...-carbonitrile, calculated as the stoichiometric equivalent of cyazofamid, resulting from use of the pesticide... in the table. Commodity Parts per million Expiration/revocation date Basil, dried 144 12/31/14 Basil...

40 CFR 180.637 - Mandipropamid; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... on the commodity. Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 200 Basil, fresh leaves 30 Bean..., in or on the commodities listed in the table below resulting from use of the pesticide pursuant to...

40 CFR 180.278 - Phenmedipham; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... combined residues of the herbicide phenmedipham (3-methoxycarbonylaminophenyl-3′-methylcarbanilate) in or...

40 CFR 180.537 - Isoxaflutole; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... combined residues of isoxaflutole 5-cyclopropyl-4-(2-methylsulfonyl-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl) isoxazole and...

40 CFR 180.537 - Isoxaflutole; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... combined residues of isoxaflutole 5-cyclopropyl-4-(2-methylsulfonyl-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl) isoxazole and...

40 CFR 180.278 - Phenmedipham; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... combined residues of the herbicide phenmedipham (3-methoxycarbonylaminophenyl-3′-methylcarbanilate) in or...

Grab and passive sampling applied to pesticide analysis in the São Lourenço river headwater in Campo Verde - MT, Brazil.

PubMed

Berton, André; Brugnera, Michelle F; Dores, Eliana F G C

2018-04-03

In this study, the quality of surface water in the headwaters of São Lourenço River in Mato Grosso, Brazil, was evaluated in relation to contamination by pesticides. For this purpose, samples were collected between December 2015 and June 2016 by grab sampling and by passive sampling using an integrative polar organic compound sampler installed in the field during four 14-day cycles between March and June 2016. The analyses were performed by gas chromatography (CG/MS) and by liquid chromatography (UPLC-MS/MS). The results showed the detection of two pesticides (atrazine and pyraclostrobin) of the five analyzed by passive sampling and eight active principles among the 20 analyzed (malathion, diuron, carbofuran, carbendazim, trifluralin, imidacloprid, metolachlor, and acetamiprid) by grab sampling. The detection of 10 pesticides, even almost a decade after the beginning of a recovery process of the ciliary forest, confirms the headwaters' vulnerability to these contaminants and passive sampling proved to be an important tool in capturing small concentrations of pesticides constituting an interesting complement to grab sampling.

40 CFR 180.556 - Pymetrozine; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... these raw agricultural commodities. Commodity Parts per million Asparagus 0.04 Brassica, head and stem...

40 CFR 180.556 - Pymetrozine; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... these raw agricultural commodities. Commodity Parts per million Asparagus 0.04 Brassica, head and stem...

40 CFR 180.215 - Naled; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.215... commodities, except those otherwise listed in this section, from use of the pesticide for area pest (mosquito and fly) control. (b) Section 18 emergency exemptions. [Reserved] (c) Tolerances with regional...

40 CFR 180.215 - Naled; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.215... commodities, except those otherwise listed in this section, from use of the pesticide for area pest (mosquito and fly) control. (b) Section 18 emergency exemptions. [Reserved] (c) Tolerances with regional...

40 CFR 180.215 - Naled; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.215... commodities, except those otherwise listed in this section, from use of the pesticide for area pest (mosquito and fly) control. (b) Section 18 emergency exemptions. [Reserved] (c) Tolerances with regional...

40 CFR 180.300 - Ethephon; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Ethephon; tolerances for residues. 180.300 Section 180.300 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.300...

40 CFR 180.467 - Carbon disulfide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Carbon disulfide; tolerances for residues. 180.467 Section 180.467 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.467 Carbon disulfide; tolerances for...

40 CFR 180.467 - Carbon disulfide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Carbon disulfide; tolerances for residues. 180.467 Section 180.467 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.467 Carbon disulfide; tolerances for...

40 CFR 180.467 - Carbon disulfide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Carbon disulfide; tolerances for residues. 180.467 Section 180.467 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.467 Carbon disulfide; tolerances for...

40 CFR 180.284 - Zinc phosphide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Zinc phosphide; tolerances for residues. 180.284 Section 180.284 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.284 Zinc phosphide; tolerances for...

40 CFR 180.284 - Zinc phosphide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Zinc phosphide; tolerances for residues. 180.284 Section 180.284 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.284 Zinc phosphide; tolerances for...

40 CFR 180.284 - Zinc phosphide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Zinc phosphide; tolerances for residues. 180.284 Section 180.284 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.284 Zinc phosphide; tolerances for...

40 CFR 180.455 - Procymidone; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... following raw agricultural commodity: Commodity Parts per million Grape, wine 5.0 [59 FR 42514, Aug. 18...

40 CFR 180.461 - Cadusafos; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... nematicide/insecticide cadusafos, O-ethyl S,S-di-sec-butyl phosphorodithioate, in or on the following raw...

40 CFR 180.243 - Propazine; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... the herbicide propazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine in or on the following raw...

40 CFR 180.461 - Cadusafos; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... nematicide/insecticide cadusafos, O-ethyl S,S-di-sec-butyl phosphorodithioate, in or on the following raw...

40 CFR 180.455 - Procymidone; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... following raw agricultural commodity: Commodity Parts per million Grape, wine 5.0 [59 FR 42514, Aug. 18...

40 CFR 180.648 - Meptyldinocap; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... combined residues of the fungicide meptyldinocap, 2-(1-methylheptyl)-4,6-dinitrophenyl (2E)-2-butenoate and...

40 CFR 180.648 - Meptyldinocap; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... combined residues of the fungicide meptyldinocap, 2-(1-methylheptyl)-4,6-dinitrophenyl (2E)-2-butenoate and...

40 CFR 180.553 - Fenhexamid; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... on the following commodities: Commodity Parts per million Almond, hulls 2.0 Almond 0.02 Asparagus 0...

Dietary risk assessment of pesticides from vegetables and drinking water in gardening areas in Burkina Faso.

PubMed

Lehmann, Edouard; Turrero, Nuria; Kolia, Marius; Konaté, Yacouba; de Alencastro, Luiz Felippe

2017-12-01

Vegetables and water samples have been collected around the lake of Loumbila in Burkina Faso. Pesticides residues in food commodities were analyzed using a modified QuEChERS extraction method prior analysis on GC-MS and UPLC-MS/MS of 31 pesticides. Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) were exceeded in 36% of the samples for seven pesticides: acetamiprid, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin, dieldrin, imidacloprid and profenofos. Exceedance of MRLs suggests a risk for the consumers and limits the opportunities of exportation. In order to define estimated daily intake, dietary surveys were conducted on 126 gardeners using a 24hours recall method. Single pesticide and cumulative exposure risks were assessed for children and adults. Risk was identified for: chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin in acute and chronic exposure scenarios. Hazardous chronic exposure to the endocrine disruptor and probable carcinogen dieldrin was also detected. In the studied population, cumulative dietary exposure presented a risk (acute and chronic) for children and adults in respectively >17% and 4% of the cases when considering the worst case scenarios. Processing factor largely influenced the risk of occurrence suggesting that simple washing of vegetables with water considerably reduced the risk of hazardous exposure. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 180.602 - Spiroxamine; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...-methanamine) in or on the commodities. Commodity Parts per million Artichoke, globe, import 1 0.7 Asparagus 1...

Evaluation of hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides and their tolerant microorganisms from an agricultural soil to define its bioremediation feasibility.

PubMed

Islas-García, Alejandro; Vega-Loyo, Libia; Aguilar-López, Ricardo; Xoconostle-Cázares, Beatriz; Rodríguez-Vázquez, Refugio

2015-01-01

The concentrations of hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), nutrients and tolerant microorganisms in an agricultural soil from a locality in Tepeaca, Puebla, Mexico, were determined to define its feasibility for bioremediation. The OCPs detected were heptachlor, aldrin, trans-chlordane, endosulfán I, endosulfán II, 1,1,1-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-trichloroethane (4,4'-DDT), 1,1-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethene (4,4'-DDE) and endrin aldehyde, with values of 0.69-30.81 ng g(-1). The concentration of hydrocarbons in the soil of Middle Hydrocarbons Fraction (MHF), C10 to C28, was 4608-27,748 mg kg(-1) and 1117-19,610 mg kg(-1) for Heavy Hydrocarbons Fraction (HHF), C28 to C35, due to an oil spill from the rupture of a pipeline. The soil was deficient in nitrogen (0.03-0.07%) and phosphorus (0 ppm), and therefore it was advisable to fertilize to bio-stimulate the native microorganisms of soil. In the soil samples, hydrocarbonoclast fungi 3.72 × 10(2) to 44.6 × 10(2) CFU g(-1) d.s. and hydrocarbonoclast bacteria (0.17 × 10(5) to 8.60 × 10(5) CFU g(-1) d.s.) were detected, with a tolerance of 30,000 mg kg(-1) of diesel. Moreover, pesticideclast fungi (5.13 × 10(2) to 42.2 × 10(2) CFU g(-1) d.s.) and pesticideclast bacteria (0.15 × 10(5) to 9.68 × 10(5) CFU g(-1) d.s.) were determined with tolerance to 20 mg kg(-1) of OCPs. Fungi and bacteria tolerant to both pollutants were also quantified. Therefore, native microorganisms had potential to be stimulated to degrade hydrocarbons and pesticides or both pollutants. The concentration of pollutants and the microbial activity analyzed indicated that bioremediation of the soil contaminated with hydrocarbons and pesticides using bio-stimulation of native microorganisms was feasible.

40 CFR 180.513 - Chlorfenapyr; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... Application excludes any direct application to any food, food packaging, or any food contact surfaces. (v) To...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... residues of chlorfenapyr in or on all food commodities (other than those covered by a higher tolerance as a...

40 CFR 180.513 - Chlorfenapyr; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... Application excludes any direct application to any food, food packaging, or any food contact surfaces. (v) To...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... residues of chlorfenapyr in or on all food commodities (other than those covered by a higher tolerance as a...

40 CFR 180.513 - Chlorfenapyr; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... Application excludes any direct application to any food, food packaging, or any food contact surfaces. (v) To...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... residues of chlorfenapyr in or on all food commodities (other than those covered by a higher tolerance as a...

40 CFR 180.513 - Chlorfenapyr; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... after each use of the product. (iv) Contamination of food or food contact surfaces shall be avoided...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... residues of chlorfenapyr in or on all food commodities (other than those covered by a higher tolerance as a...

40 CFR 180.536 - Triazamate; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... the combined residues of triazamate (RH-7988) ethyl(3-tert-butyl-1-dimethylcarbamoyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol...

40 CFR 180.536 - Triazamate; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... the combined residues of triazamate (RH-7988) ethyl(3-tert-butyl-1-dimethylcarbamoyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol...

40 CFR 180.568 - Flumioxazin; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... flumioxazin. Commodity Parts per million Alfalfa, forage 3.0 Alfalfa, hay 8.0 Almond, hulls 0.70 Asparagus 0...

40 CFR 180.568 - Flumioxazin; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... flumioxazin. Commodity Parts per million Alfalfa, forage 3.0 Alfalfa, hay 8.0 Almond, hulls 0.70 Asparagus 0...

40 CFR 180.215 - Naled; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... otherwise listed in this section, from use of the pesticide for area pest (mosquito and fly) control. (b... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.215...

40 CFR 180.215 - Naled; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... otherwise listed in this section, from use of the pesticide for area pest (mosquito and fly) control. (b... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.215...

40 CFR 180.458 - Clethodim; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances.... Commodity Parts per million Alfalfa, forage 6.0 Alfalfa, hay 10 Artichoke, globe 1.2 Asparagus 1.7 Bean, dry...

40 CFR 180.291 - Pentachloronitrobenzene; tolerance for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... per million Bean 0.1 Brassica, head and stem, subgroup 5A 0.1 Cotton, undelinted seed 0.1 Garlic, bulb...

40 CFR 180.291 - Pentachloronitrobenzene; tolerance for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... per million Bean 0.1 Brassica, head and stem, subgroup 5A 0.1 Cotton, undelinted seed 0.1 Garlic, bulb...

40 CFR 180.425 - Clomazone; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Cotton, undelinted seed 0.05 Cucumber 0.1 Pea, succulent 0.05 Pepper 0.05 Peppermint, tops 0.05 Pumpkin 0...

40 CFR 180.588 - Quinoxyfen; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Pepper, bell 0.35 Pepper, nonbell 1.7 Pumpkin 0.20 Squash, winter 0.20 Strawberry 0.90 (b) Section 18...

40 CFR 180.311 - Cacodylic acid; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... raw agricultural commodity as follows: Commodity Parts per million Cotton, undelinted seed 2.8 (b...

40 CFR 180.385 - Diclofop-methyl; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... combined residues of the herbicide diclofop-methyl (methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoate...

40 CFR 180.5 - Zero tolerances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... tolerances. A zero tolerance means that no amount of the pesticide chemical may remain on the raw... raw agricultural commodity may be established because, among other reasons: (a) A safe level of the pesticide chemical in the diet of two different species of warm-blooded animals has not been reliably...

40 CFR 180.5 - Zero tolerances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... tolerances. A zero tolerance means that no amount of the pesticide chemical may remain on the raw... raw agricultural commodity may be established because, among other reasons: (a) A safe level of the pesticide chemical in the diet of two different species of warm-blooded animals has not been reliably...

40 CFR 180.324 - Bromoxynil; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances..., stover 0.2 Corn, pop, grain 0.05 Corn, pop, stover 0.2 Flax, seed 0.1 Garlic 0.1 Grain, aspirated...

40 CFR 180.345 - Ethofumesate; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Cattle, meat 0.05 Cattle, meat byproducts 0.05 Garlic 0.25 Goat, fat 0.05 Goat, meat 0.05 Goat, meat...

Assessment of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Producers' Exposure Level to Pesticides, in Kouka and Toussiana (Burkina Faso).

PubMed

Son, Diakalia; Zerbo, Fabrice K B; Bonzi, Schémaeza; Legreve, Anne; Somda, Irénée; Schiffers, Bruno

2018-01-25

To assess producers' exposure level to pesticides in vegetable production in Burkina Faso, a study was carried out in 2016 and 2017 among 30 tomato producers in the municipalities of Kouka and Toussiana. Eighteen (18) commercial formulations were identified, with more than 50% of pesticides destined for cotton production. Eleven active substances have been identified and the most frequently used are λ-cyhalothrin (35%), acetamiprid (22%) and profenofos (13%). The most commonly used chemical families are pyrethroids (28%) and organophosphates (18%). The study revealed a low level of training for producers, a high use of pesticides according to the Frequency Treatment Indicator, and a very low level of protection used by producers. The Health Risk Index shows that active substances such as methomyl, λ-cyhalothrin and profenofos present very high risk to operators' health. Based on the UK-POEM model, the predictive exposure levels obtained varied from 0.0105 mg/kg body weight/day to 1.7855 mg/kg body weight/day, which is several times higher than the Acceptable Operator Exposure Level. However, the study also shows that exposure can be greatly reduced if the required Personal Protective Equipment is worn. Producers' awareness and training on integrated pest management are necessary to reduce the risks linked to the pesticides use in Burkina Faso.

40 CFR 180.356 - Norflurazon; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Apricot 0.1 Asparagus 0.05 Avocado 0.20 Blackberry 0.1 Blueberry 0.2 Cattle, fat 0.1 Cattle, liver 0.50...

40 CFR 180.328 - Napropamide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Basil 0.1 None Berry group 13 0.1 None Coffee, green bean 0.1 None Cranberry 0.1 None Grape 0.1 None...

40 CFR 180.328 - Napropamide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Basil 0.1 None Berry group 13 0.1 None Coffee, green bean 0.1 None Cranberry 0.1 None Grape 0.1 None...

40 CFR 180.328 - Napropamide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Basil 0.1 None Berry group 13 0.1 None Coffee, green bean 0.1 None Cranberry 0.1 None Grape 0.1 None...

40 CFR 180.328 - Napropamide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Basil 0.1 None Berry group 13 0.1 None Coffee, green bean 0.1 None Cranberry 0.1 None Grape 0.1 None...

40 CFR 180.349 - Fenamiphos; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances.../Revocation Date Asparagus 0.02 12/31/09 Beet, garden roots 1.5 12/31/09 Beet, garden, tops 1.0 12/31/09...

40 CFR 180.328 - Napropamide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances....1 4/26/09 Asparagus 0.1 None Avocado 0.1 4/26/09 Basil 0.1 None Berry group 13 0.1 None Coffee...

Need for Tolerances and Tolerance Exemptions for Minimum Risk Pesticides

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The ingredients used in minimum risk products used on food, food crops, food contact surfaces, or animal feed commodities generally have a tolerance or tolerance exemption. Learn about tolerances and tolerance exemptions for minimum risk ingredients.

Survival and growth of foodborne pathogens in pesticide solutions routinely used in leafy green vegetables and tomato production.

PubMed

Dobhal, Shefali; Zhang, Guodong; Royer, Tom; Damicone, John; Ma, Li Maria

2014-11-01

The consumption of fresh produce has increased tremendously in the past few years as have outbreaks of foodborne illnesses associated with these commodities. Pesticides routinely used in crop production could influence the outcomes of foodborne pathogen contamination of fresh produce. Experiments were performed to determine the effects of pesticides on the survival and growth characteristics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. Eight commercial fungicides and insecticides commonly used for disease and insect pest control on leafy green vegetables and tomatoes were evaluated. Among the pesticides tested, copper hydroxide, acetamiprid, cypermethrin and permethrin were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) inhibitory to pathogens while no effect was observed for chlorothalonil, flonicamid and methoxyfenozide. At the highest concentration tested (2.66%), azoxystrobin had a significant (P < 0.05) stimulatory effect on the growth of E. coli O157:H7 after 24 h incubation. The results indicated that some pesticides can stimulate the growth of human pathogens if contaminated water is used in their preparation, whereas others were likely to inhibit or reduce pathogen populations. This information is helpful in mitigating the risk of microbial contamination in fresh produce, which is critical to public health and safety. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.

40 CFR 180.180 - Orthoarsenic acid; tolerance for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances..., 1995, for combined As 2O 3 is established for residues of the defoliant orthoarsenic acid in or on the...

40 CFR 180.180 - Orthoarsenic acid; tolerance for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances..., 1995, for combined As 2O 3 is established for residues of the defoliant orthoarsenic acid in or on the...

40 CFR 180.1176 - Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... biochemical pesticide sodium bicarbonate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on all raw...

40 CFR 180.1176 - Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... biochemical pesticide sodium bicarbonate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on all raw...

40 CFR 180.435 - Deltamethrin; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... in food handling establishments, including food service, manufacturing and processing establishments.... Contamination of food/feed or food/feed contact surfaces shall be avoided. (B) To assure safe use of the...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...

40 CFR 180.422 - Tralomethrin; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-handling establishments, including food service, manufacturing, and processing establishments, such as... shall be limited to a maximum of 0.06 percent active ingredient. Contamination of food and food-contact...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...

40 CFR 180.442 - Bifenthrin; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... application of bifenthrin in food handling establishments, including food service, manufacturing and... ingredient. Contamination of food/feed or food/feed contact surfaces shall be avoided. (B) To assure safe use...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...

Reregistration and Other Review Programs Predating Pesticide Registration Review

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Before launching the registration review program, EPA reevaluated existing registered pesticides through programs including Pesticide Reregistration and Tolerance Reassessment, Product Reregistration, and Special Review.

40 CFR 180.636 - 1,3-dichloropropene; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...-chloroacrylic acid, and cis- and trans-3-chloroallyl alcohol in or on the following commodities. Commodity Parts...

40 CFR 180.526 - Synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum hydrocarbons; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.526 Synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum hydrocarbons; tolerances for...

40 CFR 180.526 - Synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum hydrocarbons; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.526 Synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum hydrocarbons; tolerances for...

40 CFR 180.526 - Synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum hydrocarbons; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.526 Synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum hydrocarbons; tolerances for...

40 CFR 180.200 - Dicloran; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....200 Section 180.200 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.200..., postharvest 10 Celery 15 Cherry, sweet, postharvest 20 Cucumber 5 Endive 10 Garlic 5 Grape 10 Lettuce 10...

40 CFR 180.541 - Propetamphos; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... used to avoid contamination of food or food-contact surfaces. (2) Direct application shall be limited...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...) methoxyphosphinothioyl]oxy]-2-butenoate]) in food commodities exposed to the insecticide during treatment of food- or...

40 CFR 180.636 - 1,3-dichloropropene; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... combined residues of the fungicide cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene and its metabolites cis- and trans-3...

40 CFR 180.411 - Fluazifop-P-butyl; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... equivalent of fluazifop, in or on the commodity. Commodity Parts per million Asparagus 3.0 Coffee, bean 0.1...

78 FR 36093 - Fenpyroximate; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-17

... pesticide manufacturer. The following list of North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes... there is reliable information.'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in residential... the available scientific data and other relevant information in support of this action. EPA has...

40 CFR 180.200 - Dicloran; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

....200 Section 180.200 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.200... None Endive 10 None Garlic 5 None Grape 10 None Lettuce 10 None Nectarine, postharvest 20 None Onion 10...

40 CFR 180.601 - Cyazofamid; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... stoichiometric equivalent of cyazofamid, in or on the following commodities: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 90 Basil, fresh leaves 30 Bean, succulent 0.5 Bean, succulent shelled 0.08 Brassica, head...

40 CFR 180.601 - Cyazofamid; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... stoichiometric equivalent of cyazofamid, in or on the following commodities: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 90 Basil, fresh leaves 30 Bean, succulent 0.5 Bean, succulent shelled 0.08 Brassica, head...

40 CFR 180.3 - Tolerances for related pesticide chemicals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... have related pharmacological effects: Chlorinated organic pesticides, arsenic-containing chemicals... present, or may limit the total amount of related pesticide chemicals (such as chlorinated organic... commodity fumigation is 100 parts per million (40 CFR 180.123) and on asparagus from methyl bromide soil...

40 CFR 180.3 - Tolerances for related pesticide chemicals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... have related pharmacological effects: Chlorinated organic pesticides, arsenic-containing chemicals... present, or may limit the total amount of related pesticide chemicals (such as chlorinated organic... commodity fumigation is 100 parts per million (40 CFR 180.123) and on asparagus from methyl bromide soil...

40 CFR 180.3 - Tolerances for related pesticide chemicals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... have related pharmacological effects: Chlorinated organic pesticides, arsenic-containing chemicals... present, or may limit the total amount of related pesticide chemicals (such as chlorinated organic... commodity fumigation is 100 parts per million (40 CFR 180.123) and on asparagus from methyl bromide soil...

Competition magnifies the impact of a pesticide in a warming world by reducing heat tolerance and increasing autotomy.

PubMed

Op de Beeck, Lin; Verheyen, Julie; Stoks, Robby

2018-02-01

There is increasing concern that standard laboratory toxicity tests may be misleading when assessing the impact of toxicants, because they lack ecological realism. Both warming and biotic interactions have been identified to magnify the effects of toxicants. Moreover, while biotic interactions may change the impact of toxicants, toxicants may also change the impact of biotic interactions. However, studies looking at the impact of biotic interactions on the toxicity of pesticides and vice versa under warming are very scarce. Therefore, we tested how warming (+4 °C), intraspecific competition (density treatment) and exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos, both in isolation and in combination, affected mortality, cannibalism, growth and heat tolerance of low- and high-latitude populations of the damselfly Ischnura elegans. Moreover, we addressed whether toxicant exposure, potentially in interaction with competition and warming, increased the frequency of autotomy, a widespread antipredator mechanism. Competition increased the toxicity of chlorpyrifos and made it become lethal. Cannibalism was not affected by chlorpyrifos but increased at high density and under warming. Chlorpyrifos reduced heat tolerance but only when competition was high. This is the first demonstration that a biotic interaction can be a major determinant of 'toxicant-induced climate change sensitivity'. Competition enhanced the impact of chlorpyrifos under warming for high-latitude larvae, leading to an increase in autotomy which reduces fitness in the long term. This points to a novel pathway how transient pesticide pulses may cause delayed effects on populations in a warming world. Our results highlight that the interplay between biotic interactions and toxicants have a strong relevance for ecological risk assessment in a warming polluted world. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 180.408 - Metalaxyl; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...-(methoxyacetyl)-alanine methyl ester, each expressed as metalaxyl equivalents, in or on the following food... Beet, garden, tops 0.1 Beet, sugar 0.1 Beet, sugar, molasses 1.0 Beet, sugar, roots 0.5 Beet, sugar...

40 CFR 180.408 - Metalaxyl; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...-(methoxyacetyl)-alanine methyl ester, each expressed as metalaxyl equivalents, in or on the following food... Beet, garden, tops 0.1 Beet, sugar 0.1 Beet, sugar, molasses 1.0 Beet, sugar, roots 0.5 Beet, sugar...

40 CFR 180.408 - Metalaxyl; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...-(methoxyacetyl)-alanine methyl ester, each expressed as metalaxyl equivalents, in or on the following food... Beet, garden, tops 0.1 Beet, sugar 0.1 Beet, sugar, molasses 1.0 Beet, sugar, roots 0.5 Beet, sugar...

40 CFR 180.185 - DCPA; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Section 180.185 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.185 DCPA...: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 20.0 Basil, fresh leaves 5.0 Bean, dry 2.0 Bean, mung, seed...

40 CFR 180.185 - DCPA; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Section 180.185 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.185 DCPA...: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 20.0 Basil, fresh leaves 5.0 Bean, dry 2.0 Bean, mung, seed...

40 CFR 180.185 - DCPA; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Section 180.185 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.185 DCPA...: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 20.0 Basil, fresh leaves 5.0 Bean, dry 2.0 Bean, mung, seed...

40 CFR 180.185 - DCPA; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Section 180.185 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.185 DCPA...: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 20.0 Basil, fresh leaves 5.0 Bean, dry 2.0 Bean, mung, seed...

40 CFR 180.185 - DCPA; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Section 180.185 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.185 DCPA...: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 20.0 Basil, fresh leaves 5.0 Bean, dry 2.0 Bean, mung, seed...

Assessment of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Producers’ Exposure Level to Pesticides, in Kouka and Toussiana (Burkina Faso)

PubMed Central

Zerbo, Fabrice K. B.; Bonzi, Schémaeza; Legreve, Anne; Somda, Irénée; Schiffers, Bruno

2018-01-01

To assess producers’ exposure level to pesticides in vegetable production in Burkina Faso, a study was carried out in 2016 and 2017 among 30 tomato producers in the municipalities of Kouka and Toussiana. Eighteen (18) commercial formulations were identified, with more than 50% of pesticides destined for cotton production. Eleven active substances have been identified and the most frequently used are λ-cyhalothrin (35%), acetamiprid (22%) and profenofos (13%). The most commonly used chemical families are pyrethroids (28%) and organophosphates (18%). The study revealed a low level of training for producers, a high use of pesticides according to the Frequency Treatment Indicator, and a very low level of protection used by producers. The Health Risk Index shows that active substances such as methomyl, λ-cyhalothrin and profenofos present very high risk to operators’ health. Based on the UK-POEM model, the predictive exposure levels obtained varied from 0.0105 mg/kg body weight/day to 1.7855 mg/kg body weight/day, which is several times higher than the Acceptable Operator Exposure Level. However, the study also shows that exposure can be greatly reduced if the required Personal Protective Equipment is worn. Producers’ awareness and training on integrated pest management are necessary to reduce the risks linked to the pesticides use in Burkina Faso. PMID:29370136

76 FR 70890 - Fenamidone; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-16

.../models/water/index.htm . Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling System (PRZM... listed in this unit could also be affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS... there is reliable information.'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in residential...

77 FR 63745 - Buprofezin; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-17

...-1996 and 1998 Nationwide Continuing Surveys of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII). As to residue levels... Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA/NASS), proprietary market surveys, and the National Pesticide Use... available public and private market survey data for that use, averaging across all observations, and...

77 FR 42654 - Trifloxystrobin; Pesticide Tolerance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-20

... code 112). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532). This... filing. III. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety Section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA... dose at which adverse effects of concern are identified (the LOAEL). Uncertainty/safety factors are...

40 CFR 180.1057 - Phytophthora palmivora; exemption from requirement of tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions.... Phytophthora palmivora is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on the raw agricultural commodity...

40 CFR 180.1057 - Phytophthora palmivora; exemption from requirement of tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions.... Phytophthora palmivora is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on the raw agricultural commodity...

40 CFR 180.303 - Oxamyl; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....303 Section 180.303 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.303..., undelinted seed 0.2 Cucumber 2.0 Eggplant 2.0 Fruit, citrus, group 10 3 Garlic, bulb 0.2 Melon, honeydew 2.0...

40 CFR 180.303 - Oxamyl; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

....303 Section 180.303 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.303..., undelinted seed 0.2 Cucumber 2.0 Eggplant 2.0 Fruit, citrus, group 10 3 Garlic, bulb 0.2 Melon, honeydew 2.0...

40 CFR 180.209 - Terbacil; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....209 Section 180.209 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.209..., hay 2.0 Apple 0.3 Asparagus 0.4 Blueberry 0.2 Caneberry subgroup 13A 0.2 Peach 0.2 Peppermint, tops 2...

40 CFR 180.209 - Terbacil; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

....209 Section 180.209 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.209..., hay 2.0 Apple 0.3 Asparagus 0.4 Blueberry 0.2 Caneberry subgroup 13A 0.2 Peach 0.2 Peppermint, tops 2...

78 FR 20461 - Flumioxazin; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-05

..., or pesticide manufacturer. The following list of North American Industrial Classification System... response to the notice of filing. Based upon review of the data supporting the petition, EPA has modified... drinking water and in residential settings, but does not include occupational exposure. Section 408(b)(2)(C...

78 FR 71523 - Quinclorac; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-29

... pesticide manufacturer. The following list of North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes....'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in residential settings, but does not include... information in support of this action. EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of and to make a...

77 FR 10962 - Flazasulfuron; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-24

.../water/index.htm . Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling System (PRZM/EXAMS... Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining whether this... reliable information.'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in residential settings, but does...

78 FR 23497 - Propiconazole; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-19

...). Animal production (NAICS code 112). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS.... Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety Section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA allows EPA to... dose at which adverse effects of concern are identified (the LOAEL). Uncertainty/safety factors are...

78 FR 70870 - Etofenprox; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-27

... identified and discussed later in this document. Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requested...), announcing the filing of a pesticide petition (PP 1E7925) by Interregional Research Project No. 4 (IR-4), 500... included centrilobular hepatocyte enlargement. Relevant toxicity studies showed no quantitative or...

40 CFR 180.151 - Ethylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances..., except basil 7 Licorice, roots 7 Peppermint, tops, dried 7 Sesame, seed 7 Spearmint, tops, dried 7... 19, dried, except basil 940 Licorice, roots 940 Peppermint, tops, dried 940 Sesame, seed 940...

40 CFR 180.151 - Ethylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances..., except basil 7 Licorice, roots 7 Peppermint, tops, dried 7 Sesame, seed 7 Spearmint, tops, dried 7... 19, dried, except basil 940 Licorice, roots 940 Peppermint, tops, dried 940 Sesame, seed 940...

40 CFR 180.151 - Ethylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances..., except basil 7 Licorice, roots 7 Peppermint, tops, dried 7 Sesame, seed 7 Spearmint, tops, dried 7... 19, dried, except basil 940 Licorice, roots 940 Peppermint, tops, dried 940 Sesame, seed 940...

40 CFR 180.151 - Ethylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances..., except basil 7 Licorice, roots 7 Peppermint, tops, dried 7 Sesame, seed 7 Spearmint, tops, dried 7... 19, dried, except basil 940 Licorice, roots 940 Peppermint, tops, dried 940 Sesame, seed 940...

40 CFR 180.151 - Ethylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances..., except basil 7 Licorice, roots 7 Peppermint, tops, dried 7 Sesame, seed 7 Spearmint, tops, dried 7... 19, dried, except basil 940 Licorice, roots 940 Peppermint, tops, dried 940 Sesame, seed 940...

Analysis of Ran related to pesticide resistance in Drosophila Kc cells.

PubMed

Bo, Qian; Chen, Lu; Liu, Yahui; Chang, Chunjie; Ying, Xiaoli; Li, Fengliang; Cheng, Luogen

2018-07-15

Pesticides have been used extensively for pest control, resulting in serious pesticide resistance. It is extremely valuable to identify the resistance genes related to pest control. In our previous studies, we reported that Ran is the deltamethrin (DM) resistance-associated gene. To clarify whether Ran is also related to the resistance of other pesticides, we selected four kinds of pesticides, including parathion, DDT, carbaryl and pleocidin, for further study. The results showed that Ran could be up-regulated by all pesticides. We further verified the relationship between Ran and resistance to the 4 pesticides by Ran RNAi, Ran overexpression and cell apoptosis. We found that the dsRNA of Ran induced more cell apoptosis than the control. Ran overexpression can significantly improve cell tolerance to various pesticides. These results demonstrate that Ran is associated with the resistance to and tolerance of multiple pesticides. Our evidence suggests the Ran is a potential molecular target gene of resistance control. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 180.367 - n-Octyl bicycloheptenedi-carboximide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false n-Octyl bicycloheptenedi-carboximide; tolerances for residues. 180.367 Section 180.367 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.367 n-Octyl...

77 FR 38204 - Cyflufenamid; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-27

... minimal frequency and duration of contact; Children young enough to exhibit hand-to-mouth behavior would...) of FFDCA requires EPA to give special consideration to exposure of infants and children to the... that no harm will result to infants and children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical...

40 CFR 180.274 - Propanil; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.274 Propanil; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for the combined residues of the...

76 FR 5704 - Sulfentrazone; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-02

... subgroups. This regulation also deletes a time- limited tolerance on bean, succulent seed without pod (lima bean and cowpea), as the tolerance expired on December 31, 2007. Interregional Research Project Number... deletes the time-limited tolerance for bean, succulent seed without pod (lima bean and cowpea) at 0.1 ppm...

75 FR 11173 - Notice of Receipt of Several Pesticide Petitions Filed for Residues of Pesticide Chemicals in or...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-10

... Pesticide Petitions Filed for Residues of Pesticide Chemicals in or on Various Commodities; Correction... identification No. EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0980 proposing to establish import tolerances in 40 CFR part 180 for residues of the ``insecticide'' fluazifop-p-butyl in various potato commodities. This document is being issued...

40 CFR 180.175 - Maleic hydrazide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... the following raw agricultural commodities: Commodity Parts per million Onion, bulb 15.0 Potato 50.0 (2) A food additive known as maleic hydrazide (1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione) may be present in...

40 CFR 180.175 - Maleic hydrazide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... the following raw agricultural commodities: Commodity Parts per million Onion, bulb 15.0 Potato 50.0 (2) A food additive known as maleic hydrazide (1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione) may be present in...

Risk assessment for pesticides' MRL non-compliances in Poland in the years 2011-2015.

PubMed

Struciński, Paweł; Ludwicki, Jan K; Góralczyk, Katarzyna; Czaja, Katarzyna; Hernik, Agnieszka; Liszewska, Monika

2015-01-01

Human exposure to trace levels of pesticide residues present in food of plant origin is inevitable as long as pesticides continue to be applied in agriculture. Since Maximum Residue Levels (MRL) are not toxicological endpoint values, their violation is not by default equivalent to health risk for consumers. However, its essential to provide a health- based risk assessment for each case of MRL non-compliance reported during monitoring and official control of foodstuffs. To assess the potential short-term risk associated with consumption of food products of plant origin containing pesticide residues above MRL values based on notifications forwarded by the National Contact Point for RASFF in Poland during 2011-2015. 115 notifications including 127 analytical results non-compliant with respective MRL values were forwarded to provide risk assessment. An internationally accepted deterministic approach based on conservative model assumptions for short-term exposure assessment was applied. The risk was characterized by comparing an estimated dietary intake with respective acute reference dose (ARfD). Black currant, tea, lettuce, Chinese cabbage and carrot were among the most frequently notified products in years 2011-2015. Among pesticides exceeding respective MRL values, over 90% belonged to fungicides and insecticides/acaricides such as acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, imidacloprid, dithiocarbamates and procymidone. For 15 and 6 results noncompliant with respective MRL value, a predicted short-term intake exceeded ARfD for children and adults, respectively. Residue levels that could potentially pose a health threat are found incidentally. The science-based and transparent risk assessment process with regard to the data, methods and assumptions that are applied is essential to risk management authorities. risk assessment, pesticide residues, MRL, dietary intake, RASFF, food safety.

77 FR 25904 - Acequinocyl; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-02

.../oppefed1/models/water/index.htm . Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling System... Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining whether this... comments received in response to the notice of filing. Based upon review of the data supporting the...

75 FR 40741 - Hexythiazox; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-14

.../oppefed1/models/water/index.htm . Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model /Exposure Analysis Modeling System... affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist... review of the data supporting the petition, EPA issued a notice in the Federal Register of March 17, 2010...

40 CFR 180.472 - Imidacloprid; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... 1.0 Banana 0.50 Beet, sugar, molasses 0.30 Beet, sugar, roots 0.05 Beet, sugar, tops 0.50 Biriba 0... Persimmon 3.0 Pistachio 0.05 Pomegranate 0.90 Potato, chip 0.40 Potato, processed potato waste 0.90 Poultry...

40 CFR 180.472 - Imidacloprid; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... 1.0 Banana 0.50 Beet, sugar, molasses 0.30 Beet, sugar, roots 0.05 Beet, sugar, tops 0.50 Biriba 0....75 Pecan 0.05 Persimmon 3.0 Pistachio 0.05 Pomegranate 0.90 Potato, chip 0.40 Potato, processed...

40 CFR 180.472 - Imidacloprid; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... 1.0 Banana 0.50 Beet, sugar, molasses 0.30 Beet, sugar, roots 0.05 Beet, sugar, tops 0.50 Biriba 0....75 Pecan 0.05 Persimmon 3.0 Pistachio 0.05 Pomegranate 0.90 Potato, chip 0.40 Potato, processed...

78 FR 18511 - Thiamethoxam; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-27

... Revised PHI and Tolerance for Pepper and Eggplant (Crop Subgroup 8-10B).'' B. Toxicological Points of... Pepper and Eggplant (Crop Subgroup 8-10B),'' available in the docket EPA-HQ-OPP-2011-0860, at http://www... Tolerance for Tea; and Revised PHI and Tolerance for Pepper and Eggplant (Crop Subgroup 8-10B),'' available...

Lethal effects of selected novel pesticides on immature stages of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae).

PubMed

Khan, Muhammad Ashraf; Ruberson, John R

2017-12-01

Trichogramma pretiosum Riley is an important egg parasitoid and biological control agent of caterpillar pests. We studied the acute toxicity of 20 pesticides (14 insecticides/miticides, three fungicides and three herbicides) exposed to recommended field rates. Egg, larval, and pupal stages of the parasitoid in their hosts were dipped in formulated solutions of the pesticides and evaluated 10 days later for percentage of host eggs with holes, number of parasitoids emerged per egg with holes, and stage-specific mortality of immature as well as adult wasps within the host eggs. Seven insecticides (buprofezin, chlorantraniliprole, spirotetramat, flonicamid, flubendiamide) and miticides (spiromesifen, cyflumetofen), one herbicide (nicosulfuron), and three fungicides (myclobutanil, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole) caused no significant mortality to immature stages or pre-emergent adult parasitoids relative to controls. By contrast, seven insecticides/miticides (abamectin, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, fipronil, novaluron, spinetoram, tolfenpyrad) adversely affected immature and pre-emergent adult T. pretiosum, with tolfenpyrad being particularly lethal. Two herbicides had moderate (glufosinate ammonium) to severe (s-metolachlor) acute lethal effects on the immature parasitoids. This study corroborates earlier findings with adult T. pretiosum. Over half of the pesticides - and all the fungicides - tested in the current study would appear to be compatible with the use of T. pretiosum in integrated pest management programs, with respect to acute parasitoid mortality. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

40 CFR 180.1043 - Gossyplure; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... requirement of a tolerance in or on the raw agricultural commodity cotton, undelinted seed when applied to...

40 CFR 180.1043 - Gossyplure; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... requirement of a tolerance in or on the raw agricultural commodity cotton, undelinted seed when applied to...

40 CFR 180.491 - Propylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... commodities: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 6000 Cacao bean, dried bean 20.0 Cacao bean... basil 1500 Nutmeat, processed, except peanuts 10.0 Onion, dried 6000 Plum, prune, dried 2.0 (b) Section...

78 FR 60709 - Methoxyfenozide; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-02

... sunflower subgroup 20B at 1.0 ppm, and to amend the tolerance for herb and spice, group 19, except coriander, leaves at 4.5 ppm to spice subgroup 19B at 4.5 ppm. Upon approval of the proposed tolerances listed under... established tolerance for indirect or inadvertent residues in or on herb and spice, group 19, except coriander...

Pesticide related issues in forest tree nurseries

Treesearch

John W. Taylor

2007-01-01

The FQPA was designed to protect infants, children, and females from pesticides, and was effective immediately on signing by the president. The act requires review of ALL tolerances, and introduced the “risk cup” concept as a method for evaluating lifetime exposures to pesticides.

40 CFR 180.1240 - Thymol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Thymol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. 180.1240 Section 180.1240 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1240 Thymol;...

40 CFR 180.491 - Propylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 6000 Cacao bean, dried bean 20.0 Cacao bean, cocoa powder 20.0 Fig 3.0 Garlic, dried 6000 Grape, raisin 4.0 Herbs and spices, group 19, dried, except basil 1500...

40 CFR 180.1103 - Isomate-C; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... requirements of a tolerance in or on all raw agricultural commodities when formulated in polyethylene pheromone...

40 CFR 180.1103 - Isomate-C; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... requirements of a tolerance in or on all raw agricultural commodities when formulated in polyethylene pheromone...

40 CFR 180.661 - Fluopyram; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Banana 1 1.0 Bean, dry 0.09 Beet, sugar, root 0.04 Cherry 0.60 Grape, wine 2.0 Nut, tree, group 14 0.05 Peanut 0.02 Pistachio 0.05 Potato 0.02 Potato, processed potato waste 0.08 Strawberry 1.5 Watermelon 1.0...

40 CFR 180.661 - Fluopyram; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Banana 1 1.0 Bean, dry 0.09 Beet, sugar, root 0.04 Cherry 0.60 Grape, wine 2.0 Nut, tree, group 14 0.05 Peanut 0.02 Pistachio 0.05 Potato 0.02 Potato, processed potato waste 0.08 Strawberry 1.5 Watermelon 1.0...

40 CFR 180.661 - Fluopyram; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Banana 1 1.0 Bean, dry 0.09 Beet, sugar, root 0.04 Cherry 0.60 Grape, wine 2.0 Nut, tree, group 14 0.05 Peanut 0.02 Pistachio 0.05 Potato 0.02 Potato, processed potato waste 0.08 Strawberry 1.5 Watermelon 1.0...

76 FR 69692 - Withdrawal of a Pesticide Petition for Residues of Pesticide Chemicals in or on Various Commodities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-09

... of a pesticide petition received under section 408 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA... part 180 for residues of pesticide chemicals in or on various food commodities. Pursuant to 40 CFR 180... requirement of a tolerance for residues of lactoperoxidase (CAS No. 9003-99-0) in or on all raw agricultural...

40 CFR 180.1095 - Chlorine gas; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... gas is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used preharvest or postharvest in solution on...

40 CFR 180.1095 - Chlorine gas; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... gas is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used preharvest or postharvest in solution on...

40 CFR 180.1097 - GBM-ROPE; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD...-tetradecenyl acetate is exempt from the requirement of a tolerance in or on the raw agricultural commodity...

40 CFR 180.1097 - GBM-ROPE; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD...-tetradecenyl acetate is exempt from the requirement of a tolerance in or on the raw agricultural commodity...

77 FR 60311 - Chlorantraniliprole; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-03

... dietary exposure of cattle. The milk tolerance is not affected, because aspirated grain fractions are not a significant diary cow feed item. V. Conclusion Therefore, tolerances are established for residues...

40 CFR 180.491 - Propylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Basil, dried leaves 6000 Cacao bean, cocoa powder 20.0 Cacao bean, dried bean 20.0 Fig 3.0 Garlic, dried 6000 Grape, raisin 4.0 Herbs and spices, group 19, dried, except basil 1500 Nut, pine 10.0 Nut, tree...

40 CFR 180.491 - Propylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Basil, dried leaves 6000 Cacao bean, cocoa powder 20.0 Cacao bean, dried bean 20.0 Fig 3.0 Garlic, dried 6000 Grape, raisin 4.0 Herbs and spices, group 19, dried, except basil 1500 Nut, pine 10.0 Nut, tree...

40 CFR 180.491 - Propylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Basil, dried leaves 6000 Cacao bean, cocoa powder 20.0 Cacao bean, dried bean 20.0 Fig 3.0 Garlic, dried 6000 Grape, raisin 4.0 Herbs and spices, group 19, dried, except basil 1500 Nut, pine 10.0 Nut, tree...

40 CFR 180.1041 - Nosema locustae; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... insecticide Nosema locustae is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance for residues in or on all raw...

40 CFR 180.1041 - Nosema locustae; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... insecticide Nosema locustae is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance for residues in or on all raw...

Developmental neurotoxicity of different pesticides in PC-12 cells in vitro.

PubMed

Christen, Verena; Rusconi, Manuel; Crettaz, Pierre; Fent, Karl

2017-06-15

The detection of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) of chemicals has high relevance for protection of human health. However, DNT of many pesticides is only little known. Furthermore, validated in vitro systems for assessment of DNT are not well established. Here we employed the rat phaeochromocytoma cell line PC-12 to evaluate DNT of 18 frequently used pesticides of different classes, including neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, organophosphates, organochlorines, as well as quaternary ammonium compounds, the organic compound used in pesticides, piperonyl butoxide, as well as the insect repellent diethyltoluamide (DEET). We determined the outgrowth of neurites in PC-12 cells co-treated with nerve growth factor and different concentrations of biocides for 5days. Furthermore, we determined transcriptional alterations of selected genes that may be associated with DNT, such as camk2α and camk2β, gap-43, neurofilament-h, tubulin-α and tubulin-β. Strong and dose- dependent inhibition of neurite outgrowth was induced by azamethiphos and chlorpyrifos, and dieldrin and heptachlor, which was correlated with up-regulation of gap-43. No or only weak effects on neurite outgrowth and transcriptional alterations occurred for neonicotinoids acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, the pyrethroids λ-cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin, the biocidal disinfectants C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium (BAC), benzalkonium chloride and barquat (dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride), and piperonyl butoxide and DEET. Our study confirms potential developmental neurotoxicity of some pesticides and provides first evidence that azamethiphos has the potential to act as a developmental neurotoxic compound. We also demonstrate that inhibition of neurite outgrowth and transcriptional alterations of gap-43 expression correlate, which suggests the employment of gap-43 expression as a biomarker for detection and initial evaluation of potential DNT of chemicals

40 CFR 180.517 - Fipronil; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fipronil; tolerances for residues. 180... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.517 Fipronil; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Therefore, tolerances are established for combined residues...

Inducible Tolerance to Agrochemicals Was Paved by Evolutionary Responses to Predators.

PubMed

Jones, Devin K; Hintz, William D; Schuler, Matthew S; Yates, Erika K; Mattes, Brian M; Relyea, Rick A

2017-12-05

Recent research has reported increased tolerance to agrochemicals in target and nontarget organisms following acute physiological changes induced through phenotypic plasticity. Moreover, the most inducible populations are those from more pristine locations, far from agrochemical use. We asked why do populations with no known history of pesticide exposure have the ability to induce adaptive responses to novel agrochemicals? We hypothesized that increased pesticide tolerance results from a generalized stressor response in organisms, and would be induced following sublethal exposure to natural and anthropogenic stressors. We exposed larval wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) to one of seven natural or anthropogenic stressors (predator cue (Anax spp.), 0.5 or 1.0 mg carbaryl/L, road salt (200 or 1000 mg Cl - /L), ethanol-vehicle control, or no-stressor control) and subsequently tested their tolerance to a lethal carbaryl concentration using time-to-death assays. We observed induced carbaryl tolerance in tadpoles exposed to 0.5 mg/L carbaryl and also in tadpoles exposed to predator cues. Our results suggest that the ability to induce pesticide tolerance likely arose through evolved antipredator responses. Given that antipredator responses are widespread among species, many animals might possess inducible pesticide tolerance, buffering them from agrochemical exposure.

40 CFR 180.1142 - 1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN... tolerance. An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of the plant growth regulator 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene when applied post harvest to potatoes in accordance with good agricultural...

40 CFR 180.1142 - 1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN... tolerance. An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of the plant growth regulator 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene when applied post harvest to potatoes in accordance with good agricultural...

40 CFR 180.261 - Phosmet; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Phosmet; tolerances for residues. 180... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.261 Phosmet; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for residues of the insecticide...

40 CFR 180.503 - Cymoxanil, tolerance for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Cymoxanil, tolerance for residues. 180... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.503 Cymoxanil, tolerance for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for residues of the fungicide...

40 CFR 180.567 - Zoxamide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Zoxamide; tolerances for residues. 180... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.567 Zoxamide; tolerances for residues. (a) General. (1) Tolerances are established for residues of zoxamide (3...

40 CFR 180.567 - Zoxamide; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Zoxamide; tolerances for residues. 180... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.567 Zoxamide; tolerances for residues. (a) General. (1) Tolerances are established for residues of zoxamide (3...

40 CFR 180.1049 - Carbon dioxide; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Carbon dioxide; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. 180.1049 Section 180.1049 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1049 Carbo...

40 CFR 180.1049 - Carbon dioxide; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Carbon dioxide; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. 180.1049 Section 180.1049 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1049 Carbo...

40 CFR 180.1049 - Carbon dioxide; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Carbon dioxide; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. 180.1049 Section 180.1049 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1049 Carbo...

77 FR 12731 - Thiamethoxam; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-02

...This regulation establishes tolerances for residues of thiamethoxam in or on multiple commodities which are identified and discussed later in this document. Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. requested these tolerances under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA).

40 CFR 180.1022 - Iodine-detergent complex; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN... a tolerance. The aqueous solution of hydriodic acid and elemental iodine, including one or both of...

76 FR 49318 - Import Tolerances; Order Denying ABC's Petition to Revoke Import Tolerances for Various Pesticides

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-10

... mean that ``there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue, including all anticipated dietary exposures and all other exposures for which...)(D)(vi). Although residues in food are to be aggregated with other pesticide exposures, the...

Pesticide tolerance in amphibians: induced tolerance in susceptible populations, constitutive tolerance in tolerant populations

PubMed Central

Hua, Jessica; Morehouse, Nathan I; Relyea, Rick

2013-01-01

The role of plasticity in shaping adaptations is important to understanding the expression of traits within individuals and the evolution of populations. With increasing human impacts on the environment, one challenge is to consider how plasticity shapes responses to anthropogenic stressors such as contaminants. To our knowledge, only one study (using mosquitoes) has considered the possibility of induced insecticide tolerance. Using populations of wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) located close to and far from agricultural fields, we discovered that exposing some populations of embryos and hatchlings to sublethal concentrations of the insecticide carbaryl induced higher tolerance to a subsequent lethal concentration later in life. Interestingly, the inducible populations were located >800 m from agricultural areas and were the most susceptible to the insecticide. In contrast, the noninducible populations were located close to agricultural areas and were the least susceptible. We also found that sublethal concentrations of carbaryl induced higher tadpole AChE concentrations in several cases. This is the first study to demonstrate inducible tolerance in a vertebrate species and the pattern of inducible and constitutive tolerance among populations suggests the process of genetic assimilation. PMID:24187585

40 CFR 180.129 - o-Phenylphenol and its sodium salt; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false o-Phenylphenol and its sodium salt; tolerances for residues. 180.129 Section 180.129 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.129 o-Phenylphenol an...

78 FR 69562 - Fenpropathrin; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-20

... tolerances as they will be superseded by the tolerances established by this document. Interregional Research... effects characteristic of pyrethroids were seen in most of the experimental toxicology studies including... were observed for both adults and pups, reducing concern for quantitative or qualitative sensitivity...

78 FR 32146 - Triforine; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-29

... America Holding Corporation requested these tolerances under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act... triforine residues to be imported into the United States. III. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination... determination on aggregate exposure for triforine including exposure resulting from the tolerances established...

40 CFR 180.413 - Imazalil; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.413 Imazalil; tolerances for residues. (a) General. (1) Tolerances are established for the combined residues of..., hay 0.5 Wheat, straw 0.5 (2) Tolerances are established for the combined residues of the fungicide...

77 FR 47539 - Paraquat Dichloride; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-09

...). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532). This listing is not... Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). DATES: This regulation is effective August 9, 2012...? You may be potentially affected by this action if you are an agricultural producer, food manufacturer...

40 CFR 180.900 - Exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From... granted when it appears that the total quantity of the pesticide chemical in or on all raw agricultural...

40 CFR 180.900 - Exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From... granted when it appears that the total quantity of the pesticide chemical in or on all raw agricultural...

75 FR 17571 - Pendimethalin; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-07

... as pendimethalin equivalents, in or on alfalfa forage. BASF Corporation requested this tolerance...], and its metabolite 4-[(1-ethylpropyl)amino]-2-methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzyl alcohol, in or on alfalfa... tolerance action, it considered the use of pendimethalin on alfalfa, including potential residues of...

Individual Pesticides in Registration Review

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

You can used the Chemical Search database to search pesticides by chemical name and find their registration review dockets, along with Work Plans, risk assessments, interim and final decisions, tolerance rules, and cancellation actions.

75 FR 26662 - Fluazinam; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-12

... due to systemic toxicity and not a result of frank neurotoxicity. No signs of neurotoxicity were... chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD), is available to enforce the tolerance expression for...) enforcement method is also available to enforce the tolerance expression for wine grapes, which includes...

78 FR 66649 - Spirotetramat; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-06

... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of spirotetramat in or on corn, sweet, kernel plus cob with... tolerance for residues of the insecticide spirotetramat in or on corn, sweet kernel plus cob with husks..., calculated as the stoichiometric equivalent of spirotetramat, in or on corn, sweet, kernel plus cob with...

76 FR 69653 - Abamectin (avermectin); Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-09

... are available in Pesticide Analytical Manual II (PAM II) for citrus and processed fractions (Method I... (ID) number EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0619. All documents in the docket are listed in the docket index available... available, e.g., Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted...

78 FR 60707 - Glyphosate; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-02

... regulation amends the established tolerance for residues of the herbicide glyphosate in or on canola, seed at... expression for residues of the herbicide glyphosate in or on canola, seed at 20 ppm from the combined..., this regulation amends the established tolerance for residues of the herbicide glyphosate in or on...

75 FR 53581 - Spiromesifen; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-01

... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of spiromesifen in or on leaf petioles subgroup 4B, dry pea... equivalents, in or on pea, dry, seed at 0.15 parts per million (ppm); spearmint, tops at 25 ppm; and... for tolerances levels different from those proposed in the petitions for dry pea seed, spearmint tops...

77 FR 8746 - Indoxacarb; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-15

... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of indoxacarb in or on egg, poultry fat, poultry meat, and... million (ppm); poultry, fat at 0.2 ppm; poultry, meat at 0.06 ppm; and poultry, meat byproducts at 0.06..., fat; poultry, meat; and poultry, meat byproducts. These tolerances were evaluated by EPA based on the...

76 FR 12877 - Fomesafen; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-09

... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of fomesafen in or on pepper (bell and non-bell), potato, and..., in or on potato and tomato (PP 9F7563); and pepper (PP 9F7667) at 0.025 parts per million (ppm... tolerance expression and the commodity terms for peppers in accordance with current Agency policy. These...

40 CFR 180.618 - Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl; tolerance for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific... established for the combined residues of benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, isopropyl[(S)-1-[[[(1R)-1-(6-fluoro-2...

40 CFR 180.618 - Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl; tolerance for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific... established for the combined residues of benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, isopropyl[(S)-1-[[[(1R)-1-(6-fluoro-2...

Direct detection of the triphenylpyrylium-derived short-lived intermediates in the photocatalyzed degradation of acetaminophen, acetamiprid, caffeine and carbamazepine.

PubMed

Martinez-Haya, R; Gomis, J; Arques, A; Amat, A M; Miranda, M A; Marin, M L

2017-09-09

Advanced oxidation processes are useful methodologies to accomplish abatement of contaminants; however, elucidation of the reaction mechanisms is hampered by the difficult detection of the short-lived primary key species involved in the photocatalytic processes. Nevertheless, herein the combined use of an organic photocatalyst such as triphenylpyrylium (TPP + ) and photophysical techniques based on emission and absorption spectroscopy allowed monitoring the photocatalyst-derived short-lived intermediates. This methodology has been applied to the photocatalyzed degradation of different pollutants, such as acetaminophen, acetamiprid, caffeine and carbamazepine. First, photocatalytic degradation of a mixture of the pollutants showed that acetaminophen was the most easily photodegraded, followed by carbamazepine and caffeine, being the abatement of acetamiprid almost negligible. This process was accompanied by mineralization, as demonstrated by trapping of carbon dioxide using barium hydroxide. Then, emission spectroscopy measurements (steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence) allowed demonstrating quenching of the singlet excited state of TPP + . Laser flash photolysis experiments with absorption detection showed that oxidation of contaminants is accompanied by TPP + reduction, with formation of a pyranyl radical (TPP), that constituted a fingerprint of the redox nature of the occurring process. The relative amounts of TPP detected was also correlated with the efficiency of the photodegradation process. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Direct detection of the triphenylpyrylium-derived short-lived intermediates in the photocatalyzed degradation of acetaminophen, acetamiprid, caffeine and carbamazepine.

PubMed

Martinez-Haya, R; Gomis, J; Arques, A; Amat, A M; Miranda, M A; Marin, M L

2018-08-15

Advanced oxidation processes are useful methodologies to accomplish abatement of contaminants; however, elucidation of the reaction mechanisms is hampered by the difficult detection of the short-lived primary key species involved in the photocatalytic processes. Nevertheless, herein the combined use of an organic photocatalyst such as triphenylpyrylium (TPP + ) and photophysical techniques based on emission and absorption spectroscopy allowed monitoring the photocatalyst-derived short-lived intermediates. This methodology has been applied to the photocatalyzed degradation of different pollutants, such as acetaminophen, acetamiprid, caffeine and carbamazepine. First, photocatalytic degradation of a mixture of the pollutants showed that acetaminophen was the most easily photodegraded, followed by carbamazepine and caffeine, being the abatement of acetamiprid almost negligible. This process was accompanied by mineralization, as demonstrated by trapping of carbon dioxide using barium hydroxide. Then, emission spectroscopy measurements (steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence) allowed demonstrating quenching of the singlet excited state of TPP + . Laser flash photolysis experiments with absorption detection showed that oxidation of contaminants is accompanied by TPP + reduction, with formation of a pyranyl radical (TPP), that constituted a fingerprint of the redox nature of the occurring process. The relative amounts of TPP detected was also correlated with the efficiency of the photodegradation process. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

77 FR 65827 - Trifloxystrobin; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-31

... regulation amends tolerances for residues of trifloxystrobin in or on almond hulls; and Vegetable, root... hulls at 9.0 parts per million (ppm). That notice referenced a summary of the petition prepared by Bayer... trifloxystrobin in or on almond hulls at 3.0 ppm. This MRL is different than the proposed amended tolerance at 9.0...

40 CFR 180.1087 - Sesame stalks; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of the biorational nematicide... fractions; potato; beet, sugar, roots; beet, sugar, tops; tomato; pepper, bell; squash; strawberry; eggplant...

40 CFR 180.1087 - Sesame stalks; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of the biorational nematicide... fractions; potato; beet, sugar, roots; beet, sugar, tops; tomato; pepper, bell; squash; strawberry; eggplant...

Direct and Indirect Effects of Pesticides on the Insidious Flower Bug (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) Under Laboratory Conditions.

PubMed

Herrick, Nathan J; Cloyd, Raymond A

2017-06-01

Greenhouse producers are interested in integrating natural enemies along with pesticides to suppress western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), populations. The insidious flower bug, Orius insidiosus (Say), is a commercially available natural enemy of western flower thrips. We conducted a series of laboratory experiments to determine the direct and indirect effects of 28 pesticides (insecticides, miticides, and fungicides), 4 pesticide mixtures, and 4 surfactants (36 total treatments plus a water control) on the adult O. insidiosus survival and predation on western flower thrips adults under laboratory conditions. The number of live and dead O. insidiosus adults was recorded after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The results of the study indicate that the fungicides (aluminum tris, azoxystrobin, fenhexamid, and kresoxim-methyl), insect growth regulators (azadirachtin, buprofezin, kinoprene, and pyriproxyfen), botanicals (Capsicum oleoresin extract, garlic oil, soybean oil; and rosemary, rosemary oil, peppermint oil, and cottonseed oil), and entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae) were minimally directly harmful to adult O. insidiosus, with 80% to 100% adult survival. However, abamectin, spinosad, pyridalyl, chlorfenapyr, tau-fluvalinate, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, acetamiprid, and thiamethoxam directly affected O. insidiosus survival after 96 h (0-60% adult survival). The pesticide mixtures of abamectin + spinosad and chlorfenapyr + dinotefuran reduced adult survival (20% and 0%, respectively, after 48 h). Furthermore, the surfactants were not directly harmful to O. insidiosus adults. All western flower thrips adults were killed by the surviving adult O. insidiosus after 48 h, indicating no indirect effects of the pesticides on predation. © The Authors 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

40 CFR 180.337 - Oxytetracycline; tolerance for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Oxytetracycline; tolerance for... § 180.337 Oxytetracycline; tolerance for residues. Tolerances are established for residues of the pesticide oxytetracycline in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: Commodity Parts per million...

40 CFR 180.1237 - Sodium metasilicate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN... aqueous solution. (b) An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of... not exceed 2.41% by weight in aqueous solution. [71 FR 19441, Apr. 14, 2006] ...

40 CFR 180.1237 - Sodium metasilicate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN... aqueous solution. (b) An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of... not exceed 2.41% by weight in aqueous solution. [71 FR 19441, Apr. 14, 2006] ...

40 CFR 180.155 - 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific... established for the combined residues of the plant growth regulator 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and its...

40 CFR 180.155 - 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific... established for the combined residues of the plant growth regulator 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and its...

40 CFR 180.1285 - Polyoxin D zinc salt; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Polyoxin D zinc salt; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. 180.1285 Section 180.1285 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1285...

40 CFR 180.1285 - Polyoxin D zinc salt; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Polyoxin D zinc salt; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. 180.1285 Section 180.1285 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1285...

40 CFR 180.1285 - Polyoxin D zinc salt; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Polyoxin D zinc salt; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. 180.1285 Section 180.1285 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1285...

40 CFR 180.202 - p-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific... established for the combined residues of the plant regulator p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and its metabolite p...

40 CFR 180.202 - p-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific... established for the combined residues of the plant regulator p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and its metabolite p...

40 CFR 180.950 - Tolerance exemptions for minimal risk active and inert ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... inert or an active ingredient in a pesticide chemical formulation, including antimicrobial pesticide..., cloves, and red pepper. (iii) Herbs such as basil, anise, or fenugreek. (2) Excluded from the term...

40 CFR 180.950 - Tolerance exemptions for minimal risk active and inert ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... inert or an active ingredient in a pesticide chemical formulation, including antimicrobial pesticide..., cloves, and red pepper. (iii) Herbs such as basil, anise, or fenugreek. (2) Excluded from the term...

40 CFR 180.950 - Tolerance exemptions for minimal risk active and inert ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... inert or an active ingredient in a pesticide chemical formulation, including antimicrobial pesticide..., cloves, and red pepper. (iii) Herbs such as basil, anise, or fenugreek. (2) Excluded from the term...

40 CFR 180.950 - Tolerance exemptions for minimal risk active and inert ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... inert or an active ingredient in a pesticide chemical formulation, including antimicrobial pesticide..., cloves, and red pepper. (iii) Herbs such as basil, anise, or fenugreek. (2) Excluded from the term...

40 CFR 180.40 - Tolerances for crop groups.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Procedural Regulations § 180.40 Tolerances... representative crops are given as an indication of the minimum residue chemistry data base acceptable to the...

40 CFR 180.40 - Tolerances for crop groups.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Procedural Regulations § 180.40 Tolerances... representative crops are given as an indication of the minimum residue chemistry data base acceptable to the...

40 CFR 180.40 - Tolerances for crop groups.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Procedural Regulations § 180.40 Tolerances... representative crops are given as an indication of the minimum residue chemistry data base acceptable to the...

40 CFR 180.40 - Tolerances for crop groups.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Procedural Regulations § 180.40 Tolerances... representative crops are given as an indication of the minimum residue chemistry data base acceptable to the...

40 CFR 180.40 - Tolerances for crop groups.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Procedural Regulations § 180.40 Tolerances... representative crops are given as an indication of the minimum residue chemistry data base acceptable to the...

Determination of neonicotinoid pesticides residues in agricultural samples by solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Xie, Wen; Han, Chao; Qian, Yan; Ding, Huiying; Chen, Xiaomei; Xi, Junyang

2011-07-15

This work reports a new sensitive multi-residue liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for detection, confirmation and quantification of six neonicotinoid pesticides (dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, clothiandin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid and thiacloprid) in agricultural samples (chestnut, shallot, ginger and tea). Activated carbon and HLB solid-phase extraction cartridges were used for cleaning up the extracts. Analysis is performed by LC-MS/MS operated in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, acquiring two specific precursor-product ion transitions per target compound. Quantification was carried by the internal standard method with D(4)-labeled imidacloprid. The method showed excellent linearity (R(2)≥0.9991) and precision (relative standard deviation, RSD≤8.6%) for all compounds. Limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.01 mg kg(-1) for chestnut, shallot, ginger sample and 0.02 mg kg(-1) for tea sample. The average recoveries, measured at three concentrations levels (0.01 mg kg(-1), 0.02 mg kg(-1) and 0.1 mg kg(-1) for chestnut, shallot, ginger sample, 0.02 mg kg(-1), 0.04 mg kg(-1) and 0.2 mg kg(-1) for tea sample), were in the range 82.1-108.5%. The method was satisfactorily validated for the analysis of 150 agricultural samples (chestnut, shallot, ginger and tea). Imidacloprid and acetamiprid were detected at concentration levels ranging from 0.05 to 3.6 mg kg(-1). Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In utero and Lactational Exposure to Acetamiprid Induces Abnormalities in Socio-Sexual and Anxiety-Related Behaviors of Male Mice

PubMed Central

Sano, Kazuhiro; Isobe, Tomohiko; Yang, Jiaxin; Win-Shwe, Tin-Tin; Yoshikane, Mitsuha; Nakayama, Shoji F.; Kawashima, Takaharu; Suzuki, Go; Hashimoto, Shunji; Nohara, Keiko; Tohyama, Chiharu; Maekawa, Fumihiko

2016-01-01

Neonicotinoids, a widely used group of pesticides designed to selectively bind to insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, were considered relatively safe for mammalian species. However, they have been found to activate vertebrate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and could be toxic to the mammalian brain. In the present study, we evaluated the developmental neurotoxicity of acetamiprid (ACE), one of the most widely used neonicotinoids, in C57BL/6J mice whose mothers were administered ACE via gavage at doses of either 0 mg/kg (control group), 1.0 mg/kg (low-dose group), or 10.0 mg/kg (high-dose group) from gestational day 6 to lactation day 21. The results of a battery of behavior tests for socio-sexual and anxiety-related behaviors, the numbers of vasopressin-immunoreactive cells in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and testosterone levels were used as endpoints. In addition, behavioral flexibility in mice was assessed in a group-housed environment using the IntelliCage, a fully automated mouse behavioral analysis system. In adult male mice exposed to ACE at both low and high doses, a significant reduction of anxiety level was found in the light-dark transition test. Males in the low-dose group also showed a significant increase in sexual and aggressive behaviors. In contrast, neither the anxiety levels nor the sexual behaviors of females were altered. No reductions in the testosterone level, the number of vasopressin-immunoreactive cells, or behavioral flexibility were detected in either sex. These results suggest the possibility that in utero and lactational ACE exposure interferes with the development of the neural circuits required for executing socio-sexual and anxiety-related behaviors in male mice specifically. PMID:27375407

The stable isotope fingerprinting technique for agricultural pesticide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suto, N.; Kawashima, H.

2014-12-01

The compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) is nowadays an important and powerful tool in geochemical, environmental, and forensics field. In particular, the stable isotope ratio of pesticide is applied to biological process and reaction in the soil and distribution channel as forensics science. The aim of this study is to measure the stable isotope ratios of pesticide using various analytical methodologies, GC/IRMS, EA/IRMS, and LC/IRMS under high accuracy and precision. Therefore, these methods seemed to be important knowledge as geological field. In particular case, we present the method to measure carbon isotope ratio of nine malathion emulsion pesticides using GC/IRMS with cryo-focusing system to identify the source. In December 2013, food poisoning occurred after eating frozen dumplings (i.e., pizza and chicken nuggets) in Japan. There was a very high concentration, maximum value 15,000ppm, of malathion (diethyl (dimethoxythiophosphorylthio) succinate) in products. This incident was caused by an employee of process, and threatened the food safety. We analyzed the δ13C of malathion ranged from -30.63‰ to -29.54‰ (S.D. 0.10‰), the differences less than 1.0‰. All malathion emulsion sold in Japan are imported from Cheminova India Lat., Denmark to Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd., Japan. After that, Japanese each manufacture buy from Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd. And blended malathion and organic solvent (ethylbenzene and xylene). Therefore, ethylbenzene and xylene may be important tool as source identification. We measured the δ13C of ethylbenzene and m-,p-xylene, too. As the results, the δ13C of ethylbenzene and m-,p-xylene ranged from -28.20‰ to -20.84‰ (S.D. 0.16‰), -28.69‰ to -25.15‰ (S.D. 0.13‰), respectively. The δ13C of ethylbenzene and m-,p-xylene can be identified manufacture, although the δ13C of malathion indicated same value. In addition, we measured five pesticides (acephate, acetamiprid, glufosinate, glyphosate, and oxamyl) using

40 CFR 180.1210 - Phosphorous acid; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of phosphorous acid and its... and in or on potatoes when applied as a post-harvest treatment at 35,600 ppm or less phosphorous acid...

40 CFR 180.1210 - Phosphorous acid; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of phosphorous acid and its... and in or on potatoes when applied as a post-harvest treatment at 35,600 ppm or less phosphorous acid...

40 CFR 180.1225 - Decanoic acid; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of decanoic acid in or on all raw... acid (up to 170 ppm per application) on food contact surfaces such as equipment, pipelines, tanks, vats...

40 CFR 180.383 - Sodium salt of acifluorfen; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific... established for combined residues of the herbicide sodium salt of acifluorfen, sodium 5-[2-chloro-4...

78 FR 38226 - Sulfoxaflor; Pesticide Tolerances; Technical Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-26

... and removing Sec. 180.670. This document additionally removes the time-limited tolerances for cotton, undelinted seed; cotton, gin byproducts; and cotton, hulls as the tolerances have been superseded by...-limited tolerances for cotton, undelinted seed; cotton, gin byproducts; and cotton, hulls contained in...

40 CFR 180.415 - Aluminum tris (O-ethylphosphonate); tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific.... Commodity Parts per million Asparagus 0.1 Grape 10 (d) Indirect or inadvertent residues. [Reserved] [64 FR...

76 FR 38036 - Propylene Oxide; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-29

... regulation amends the propylene oxide tolerance on ``nut, tree, group 14'' to ``nutmeat, processed, except... propylene oxide tolerance (40 CFR 180.491) on ``nut, tree, group 14'' to read ``nutmeat, processed, except...) on ``nut, tree, group 14'' to read ``nutmeat, processed, except peanuts.'' IV. Statutory and...

40 CFR 180.1080 - Plant volatiles and pheromone; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Plant volatiles and pheromone... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1080 Plant volatiles and pheromone; exemptions from the...

40 CFR 180.1080 - Plant volatiles and pheromone; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Plant volatiles and pheromone... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1080 Plant volatiles and pheromone; exemptions from the...

40 CFR 180.1080 - Plant volatiles and pheromone; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Plant volatiles and pheromone... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1080 Plant volatiles and pheromone; exemptions from the...

40 CFR 180.1080 - Plant volatiles and pheromone; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Plant volatiles and pheromone... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1080 Plant volatiles and pheromone; exemptions from the...

Nicotine-Like Effects of the Neonicotinoid Insecticides Acetamiprid and Imidacloprid on Cerebellar Neurons from Neonatal Rats

PubMed Central

Kimura-Kuroda, Junko; Komuta, Yukari; Kuroda, Yoichiro; Hayashi, Masaharu; Kawano, Hitoshi

2012-01-01

Background Acetamiprid (ACE) and imidacloprid (IMI) belong to a new, widely used class of pesticide, the neonicotinoids. With similar chemical structures to nicotine, neonicotinoids also share agonist activity at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Although their toxicities against insects are well established, their precise effects on mammalian nAChRs remain to be elucidated. Because of the importance of nAChRs for mammalian brain function, especially brain development, detailed investigation of the neonicotinoids is needed to protect the health of human children. We aimed to determine the effects of neonicotinoids on the nAChRs of developing mammalian neurons and compare their effects with nicotine, a neurotoxin of brain development. Methodology/Principal Findings Primary cultures of cerebellar neurons from neonatal rats allow for examinations of the developmental neurotoxicity of chemicals because the various stages of neurodevelopment—including proliferation, migration, differentiation, and morphological and functional maturation—can be observed in vitro. Using these cultures, an excitatory Ca2+-influx assay was employed as an indicator of neural physiological activity. Significant excitatory Ca2+ influxes were evoked by ACE, IMI, and nicotine at concentrations greater than 1 µM in small neurons in cerebellar cultures that expressed the mRNA of the α3, α4, and α7 nAChR subunits. The firing patterns, proportion of excited neurons, and peak excitatory Ca2+ influxes induced by ACE and IMI showed differences from those induced by nicotine. However, ACE and IMI had greater effects on mammalian neurons than those previously reported in binding assay studies. Furthermore, the effects of the neonicotinoids were significantly inhibited by the nAChR antagonists mecamylamine, α-bungarotoxin, and dihydro-β-erythroidine. Conclusions/Significance This study is the first to show that ACE, IMI, and nicotine exert similar excitatory effects on mammalian n

40 CFR 180.117 - S-Ethyl dipropylthiocarba-mate; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific... agricultural commodities: Commodity Parts per million Almond, hulls 0.1(N) Asparagus 0.1(N) Castorbean, seed 0...

76 FR 22620 - Triflusulfuron-Methyl; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-22

... under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). DATES: This regulation is effective April 22... Determination of Safety Section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA allows EPA to establish a tolerance (the legal limit... determination on aggregate exposure for triflusulfuron-methyl, including exposure resulting from the tolerances...

EPA CHILDREN'S PESTICIDE EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT PROGRAM

EPA Science Inventory

The U.S. EPA's National Exposure Research Laboratory conducts research in support of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996. FQPA requires that children's risks to pesticide exposures be considered during the tolerance-setting process. FQPA requires exposure assessme...

75 FR 46847 - Halosulfuron-methyl; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-04

... the existing tolerance on bean, snap, succulent at 0.05 parts per million (ppm) in that it is superseded by this action establishing a tolerance at 0.05 ppm on pea and bean, succulent shelled, subgroup... and bean, succulent shelled, subgroup 6B; pea and bean, dried shelled, except soybean, subgroup 6C...

A comparative study of allowable pesticide residue levels on produce in the United States

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background The U.S. imports a substantial and increasing portion of its fruits and vegetables. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration currently inspects less than one percent of import shipments. While countries exporting to the U.S. are expected to comply with U.S. tolerances, including allowable pesticide residue levels, there is a low rate of import inspections and few other incentives for compliance. Methods This analysis estimates the quantity of excess pesticide residue that could enter the U.S. if exporters followed originating country requirements but not U.S. pesticide tolerances, for the top 20 imported produce items based on quantities imported and U.S. consumption levels. Pesticide health effects data are also shown. Results The model estimates that for the identified items, 120 439 kg of pesticides in excess of U.S. tolerances could potentially be imported to the U.S., in cases where U.S. regulations are more protective than those of originating countries. This figure is in addition to residues allowed on domestic produce. In the modeling, the top produce item, market, and pesticide of concern were oranges, Chile, and Zeta-Cypermethrin. Pesticides in this review are associated with health effects on 13 body systems, and some are associated with carcinogenic effects. Conclusions There is a critical information gap regarding pesticide residues on produce imported to the U.S. Without a more thorough sampling program, it is not possible accurately to characterize risks introduced by produce importation. The scenario presented herein relies on assumptions, and should be considered illustrative. The analysis highlights the need for additional investigation and resources for monitoring, enforcement, and other interventions, to improve import food safety and reduce pesticide exposures in originating countries. PMID:22293037

Contacts in the Office of Pesticide Programs, Registration Division

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Registration Division (RD) is responsible product registrations, amendments, registrations, tolerances, experimental use permits, and emergency exemptions for conventional chemical pesticides. Find contacts in this division.

40 CFR 180.108 - Acephate; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... establishments, including food service, manufacturing and processing establishments, such as restaurants... avoid atomization or splashing of the spray. Contamination of food or food-contact surfaces shall be... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.108...

40 CFR 180.1157 - Cytokinins; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... extract of seaweed meal and kinetin) in or on all food commodities when used as plant regulators on plants...

40 CFR 180.1157 - Cytokinins; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... extract of seaweed meal and kinetin) in or on all food commodities when used as plant regulators on plants...

40 CFR 180.1157 - Cytokinins; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... extract of seaweed meal and kinetin) in or on all food commodities when used as plant regulators on plants...

40 CFR 180.1157 - Cytokinins; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... extract of seaweed meal and kinetin) in or on all food commodities when used as plant regulators on plants...

40 CFR 180.1157 - Cytokinins; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... extract of seaweed meal and kinetin) in or on all food commodities when used as plant regulators on plants...

40 CFR 180.129 - o-Phenylphenol and its sodium salt; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific... established for combined residues of the fungicide o-phenylphenol and sodium o-phenylphenate, each expressed...

77 FR 66715 - Fluridone; Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-07

..., or pesticide manufacturer. The following list of North American Industrial Classification System... for which there is reliable information.'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in... emergency conditions, EPA has not made any decisions about whether fluridone meets FIFRA's registration...

Reproductive disorders associated with pesticide exposure.

PubMed

Frazier, Linda M

2007-01-01

Exposure of men or women to certain pesticides at sufficient doses may increase the risk for sperm abnormalities, decreased fertility, a deficit of male children, spontaneous abortion, birth defects or fetal growth retardation. Pesticides from workplace or environmental exposures enter breast milk. Certain pesticides have been linked to developmental neurobehavioral problems, altered function of immune cells and possibly childhood leukemia. In well-designed epidemiologic studies, adverse reproductive or developmental effects have been associated with mixed pesticide exposure in occupational settings, particularly when personal protective equipment is not used. Every class of pesticides has at least one agent capable of affecting a reproductive or developmental endpoint in laboratory animals or people, including organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, herbicides, fungicides, fumigants and especially organochlorines. Many of the most toxic pesticides have been banned or restricted in developed nations, but high exposures to these agents are still occurring in the most impoverished countries around the globe. Protective clothing, masks and gloves are more difficult to tolerate in hot, humid weather, or may be unavailable or unaffordable. Counseling patients who are concerned about reproductive and developmental effects of pesticides often involves helping them assess their exposure levels, weigh risks and benefits, and adopt practices to reduce or eliminate their absorbed dose. Patients may not realize that by the first prenatal care visit, most disruptions of organogenesis have already occurred. Planning ahead provides the best chance of lowering risk from pesticides and remediating other risk factors before conception.

40 CFR 180.1070 - Sodium chlorite; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... agricultural practice as a seed-soak treatment in the growing of the raw agricultural commodities vegetable...

40 CFR 180.1070 - Sodium chlorite; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... agricultural practice as a seed-soak treatment in the growing of the raw agricultural commodities vegetable...

76 FR 55804 - Dicamba; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-09

... Considerations A. Analytical Enforcement Methodology Adequate enforcement methodologies, Methods I and II--gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD), are available to enforce the tolerance expression. The...

75 FR 22240 - Cyprodinil; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-28

... chromatography with ultraviolet detector (HPLC/UV)) is available to enforce the tolerance expression on plant commodities. In addition, a high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) method...

THE EPA CHILDREN'S PESTICIDE EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT PROGRAM

EPA Science Inventory

The U.S. EPA's National Exposure Research Laboratory conducts research in support of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA)) of 1996. FQPA requires that children's risks to pesticide exposures be considered during the tolerance-setting process. FQPA requires exposure assessme...

40 CFR 180.1019 - Sulfuric acid; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... good agricultural practice when used as a herbicide in the production of garlic and onions, and as a... from the use of sulfuric acid as an inert ingredient in a pesticide product used in irrigation...

76 FR 82146 - Tepraloxydim; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-30

... removes established tolerances for residues of tepraloxydim on ``Lentil, seed'' and ``Pea, dry, seed,'' as... toxicity via the oral, dermal, and inhalation routes of exposure. It produces minimal [[Page 82148

Earthworm tolerance to residual agricultural pesticide contamination: field and experimental assessment of detoxification capabilities.

PubMed

Givaudan, Nicolas; Binet, Françoise; Le Bot, Barbara; Wiegand, Claudia

2014-09-01

This study investigates if acclimatization to residual pesticide contamination in agricultural soils is reflected in detoxification, antioxidant enzyme activities and energy budget of earthworms. Five fields within a joint agricultural area exhibited different chemical and farming histories from conventional cultivation to organic pasture. Soil multiresidual pesticide analysis revealed up to 9 molecules including atrazine up to 2.4 ng g(-1) dry soil. Exposure history of endogeic Aporrectodea caliginosa and Allolobophora chlorotica modified their responses to pesticides. In the field, activities of soluble glutathione-S-transferases (sGST) and catalase increased with soil pesticide contamination in A. caliginosa. Pesticide stress was reflected in depletion of energy reserves in A. chlorotica. Acute exposure of pre-adapted and naïve A. caliginosa to pesticides (fungicide Opus(®), 0.1 μg active ingredient epoxiconazole g(-1) dry soil, RoundUp Flash(®), 2.5 μg active ingredient glyphosate g(-1) dry soil, and their mixture), revealed that environmental pre-exposure accelerated activation of the detoxification enzyme sGST towards epoxiconazole. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

78 FR 66651 - Imazapyr; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-06

... tolerances for imazapyr in or on grass, forage; grass, hay; fish; shellfish; fats of cattle, sheep, goats... requested from: Chief, Analytical Chemistry Branch, Environmental Science Center, 701 Mapes Rd., Ft. Meade...

77 FR 59558 - Sulfentrazone; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-28

... hay; wheat grain; wheat straw; and cowpea, succulent. The human health risk assessment used to support... Tolerances in/on: Rhubarb, Turnip Roots and Tops, Sunflower Subgroup 20B, Succulent Cowpea, Succulent Lima...

78 FR 60715 - Sedaxane; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-02

... 28-day dermal study did not show systemic toxicity at the limit dose of 1,000 milligrams/kilogram/day... Enforcement Methodology Adequate enforcement methodology is available to enforce the tolerance expression. A...

78 FR 76987 - Mandipropamid; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-20

... screening battery. No systemic or dermal toxicity was observed following dermal exposure for 28 days, up to... mass spectrometric detection (LC/MS/MS), is available to enforce the tolerance expression. The method...

77 FR 4248 - Cyazofamid; Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-27

.../water/index.htm . Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling System (PRZM/EXAMS... Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining whether this... reliable information.'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in residential settings, but does...

77 FR 48899 - Flutriafol; Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-15

... cotton, undelinted seed; cotton, meal; cotton, refined oil; and cotton gin byproducts. This action is in..., and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) authorizing use of the pesticide on cotton. This regulation establishes a maximum permissible level for residues of flutriafol in or on cotton commodities. The time-limited...

78 FR 46267 - Trifluralin; Pesticide Tolerance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-31

...), trifluralin was tested up to the limit dose (1000 mg/kg/day) and caused no systemic toxicity. Handler exposure... detection (ECD)) is available to enforce the tolerance expression. The method may be requested from: Chief...

76 FR 17611 - Propylene Oxide; Proposed Pesticide Tolerance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-30

...: This document proposes to amend the propylene oxide tolerance on ``nut, tree, group 14'' to ``nutmeat... ``nut, tree, group 14'' to read ``nutmeat, processed, except peanuts.'' A final rule published in the... the propylene oxide tolerance by replacing ``nutmeat, processed, except peanuts'' with ``nut, tree...

77 FR 20752 - Methyl Bromide; Proposed Pesticide Tolerance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-06

... fumigated with methyl bromide requires a tolerance. Without a tolerance or exemption, food or feed... livestock feeding items resulting from fumigation of cottonseed with methyl bromide are covered by existing... produced from cottonseed fumigated with methyl bromide would not contain residues of methyl bromide...

Developmental neurotoxicity of different pesticides in PC-12 cells in vitro

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Christen, Verena

The detection of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) of chemicals has high relevance for protection of human health. However, DNT of many pesticides is only little known. Furthermore, validated in vitro systems for assessment of DNT are not well established. Here we employed the rat phaeochromocytoma cell line PC-12 to evaluate DNT of 18 frequently used pesticides of different classes, including neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, organophosphates, organochlorines, as well as quaternary ammonium compounds, the organic compound used in pesticides, piperonyl butoxide, as well as the insect repellent diethyltoluamide (DEET). We determined the outgrowth of neurites in PC-12 cells co-treated with nerve growth factor andmore » different concentrations of biocides for 5 days. Furthermore, we determined transcriptional alterations of selected genes that may be associated with DNT, such as camk2α and camk2β, gap-43, neurofilament-h, tubulin-α and tubulin-β. Strong and dose- dependent inhibition of neurite outgrowth was induced by azamethiphos and chlorpyrifos, and dieldrin and heptachlor, which was correlated with up-regulation of gap-43. No or only weak effects on neurite outgrowth and transcriptional alterations occurred for neonicotinoids acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, the pyrethroids λ-cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin, the biocidal disinfectants C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium (BAC), benzalkonium chloride and barquat (dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride), and piperonyl butoxide and DEET. Our study confirms potential developmental neurotoxicity of some pesticides and provides first evidence that azamethiphos has the potential to act as a developmental neurotoxic compound. We also demonstrate that inhibition of neurite outgrowth and transcriptional alterations of gap-43 expression correlate, which suggests the employment of gap-43 expression as a biomarker for detection and initial evaluation of potential DNT of

Extraction and identification of mixed pesticides’ Raman signal and establishment of their prediction models

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

A nondestructive and sensitive method was developed to detect the presence of mixed pesticides of acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos and carbendazim on apples by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Self-modeling mixture analysis (SMA) was used to extract and identify the Raman spectra of individual p...

77 FR 59561 - Sulfoxaflor; Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-28

... metabolites and degradates in or on cotton, undelinted seed; cotton, gin byproducts; and cotton, hulls. This... Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) authorizing use of the pesticide on cotton. This... or on cotton, undelinted seed at 0.2 parts per million (ppm); cotton, gin byproducts at 6.0 ppm; and...

77 FR 32400 - Fenamidone; Pesticide Tolerance; Technical Amendment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-01

...., of the preamble, the text correctly listed the tolerance level for the commodity ``strawberry'' at 0... the tolerance level for ``strawberry'' at 0.15. This technical amendment corrects that error. III. Why... revising the entry for ``Strawberry'' in paragraph (d) to read as follows: Sec. [emsp14]180.579 Fenamidone...

40 CFR 180.1213 - Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91-08; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91... PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1213 Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M... tolerance is established for residues of the microbial pesticide Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91-08...

40 CFR 180.1213 - Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91-08; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91... PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1213 Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M... tolerance is established for residues of the microbial pesticide Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91-08...

76 FR 11344 - Difenoconazole; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-02

... be affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to... review of the data supporting the petition, EPA has revised the proposed tolerance for mango, fruit from... there is reliable information.'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in residential...

77 FR 26462 - Dimethomorph; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-04

... affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist... review of the data supporting the petitions, EPA has revised the proposed tolerance level and commodity....'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in residential settings, but does not include...

78 FR 3333 - Spiromesifen; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-16

... oral, dermal and inhalation routes of exposure. It was neither an eye nor dermal irritant, but showed..., alphabetically, the commodity ``Tea, dry'' to read as follows: Sec. 180.607 Spiromesifen; tolerances for residues. (a) General. (1) * * * Parts per Commodity million * * * * * Tea, dry 40 * * * * * * * * * * [FR Doc...

77 FR 75561 - Quinclorac; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-21

..., subgroup 13- 07 H and rhubarb. Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requested these tolerances.... There was no increased qualitative or quantitative fetal or offspring susceptibility in the prenatal... resorptions, post-implantation loss, decreased number of live fetuses, and reduced fetal body weight. These...

40 CFR 180.1251 - Geraniol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Geraniol; exemption from the... Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1251 Geraniol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of the biochemical pesticide geraniol...

40 CFR 180.1251 - Geraniol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Geraniol; exemption from the... Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1251 Geraniol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of the biochemical pesticide geraniol...

40 CFR 180.1251 - Geraniol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Geraniol; exemption from the... Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1251 Geraniol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of the biochemical pesticide geraniol...

40 CFR 180.1251 - Geraniol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Geraniol; exemption from the... Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1251 Geraniol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of the biochemical pesticide geraniol...

40 CFR 180.1251 - Geraniol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Geraniol; exemption from the... Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1251 Geraniol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of the biochemical pesticide geraniol...

40 CFR 180.1269 - Bacillus mycoides Isolate J: exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN... when used as a fungicide on pecans, potatoes, sugar beets, tomatoes, and peppers in accordance with the...

77 FR 58045 - Clopyralid; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-19

... Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining whether this... data supporting the petition, EPA has determined that the proposed tolerance on rapeseed subgroup 20A... exposure through drinking water and in residential settings, but does not include occupational exposure...

76 FR 18895 - Hexythiazox; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-06

... Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling System (PRZM/EXAMS), the estimated drinking water concentration... Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining whether this.... Based upon review of the data supporting the petition, EPA has revised the proposed tolerance levels for...

76 FR 55807 - Novaluron; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-09

.../Exposure Analysis Modeling System (PRZM/EXAMS) for parent novaluron in surface water; and the Screening... listed in this unit could also be affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS... supporting the petition, EPA has revised the tolerances for sweet corn forage and determined it is not...

75 FR 53586 - Bifenazate; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-01

... characterized and were seen at dose(s) that produce evidence of overt systemic toxicity. These effects included... system, and these findings may be due to secondary effect of overt systemic toxicity. Further, there is... Adequate enforcement methodology is available to enforce the tolerance expression. High-performance liquid...

77 FR 48907 - Fludioxonil; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-15

... permanent and time-limited tolerances. Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) and Syngenta Crop... pelvis in the presence of maternal toxicity. There was no quantitative or qualitative evidence of increased susceptibility to rats and rabbits following in utero exposure. There was also no quantitative or...

ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE DEGRADATION UNDER DRINKING WATER TREATMENT CONDITIONS

EPA Science Inventory

The Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996 requires that all tolerances for pesticide chemical residuals in or on food be considered for anticipated exposure. Drinking water is considered a potential pathway for dietary exposure and there is reliable monitoring data for the ...

Timing and Frequency of Sublethal Exposure Modifies the Induction and Retention of Increased Insecticide Tolerance in Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus).

PubMed

Jones, Devin K; Yates, Erika K; Mattes, Brian M; Hintz, William D; Schuler, Matthew S; Relyea, Rick A

2018-05-22

While the paradigm for increased tolerance to pesticides has been by selection on constitutive (naïve) traits, recent research has shown it can also occur through phenotypic plasticity. However, the time period in which induction can occur, the duration of induced tolerance, and the influence of multiple induction events remain unknown. We hypothesized that the induction of increased pesticide tolerance is limited to early sensitive periods, the magnitude of induced tolerance depends on the number of exposures, and the retention of induced tolerance depends on the time elapsed after an exposure and the number of exposures. To test these hypotheses, we exposed wood frog tadpoles to either a no-carbaryl control (water) or 0.5 mg/L carbaryl at four time periods, and later tested their tolerance to carbaryl using time-to-death assays. We discovered that tadpoles induced increased tolerance early and midway, but not late, in our experiment and their constitutive tolerance increased with age. We found no difference in the magnitude of induced tolerance following one or two exposures. Lastly, induced pesticide tolerance was reversed within 6 d, but was retained only when tadpoles experienced all four consecutive exposures. Phenotypic plasticity provides an immediate response for sensitive amphibian larvae to early pesticide exposures and reduces phenotypic mismatches in aquatic environments contaminated by agrochemicals. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

76 FR 76304 - Saflufenacil; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-07

... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of saflufenacil in or on Banana; Coffee, green bean; and Mango... CFR 178.25(b). In addition to filing an objection or hearing request with the Hearing Clerk as... herbicide saflufenacil, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on Banana, whole fruit; Coffee...

77 FR 3617 - Etoxazole; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-25

... affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist... the data supporting the petition, EPA has modified the levels at which some of the tolerances are... drinking water and in residential settings, but does not include occupational exposure. Section 408(b)(2)(C...

78 FR 40017 - Ethalfluralin; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-03

.... The following list of North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes is not intended to... filing. Based upon review of the data supporting the petition, EPA has revised the tolerance expression... drinking water and in residential settings, but does not include occupational exposure. Section 408(b)(2)(C...

75 FR 5518 - Dithianon; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-03

... adequate methodology LC/MS/MS method (BASF 244882) is available for enforcing the proposed tolerance on grapes. Adequate multi-residue method testing data are available for dithianon and these data have been... docket index available at http://www.regulations.gov . Although listed in the index, some information is...

77 FR 75039 - Propiconazole; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-19

...- 671A) is available to enforce the tolerance expression. The method may be requested from: Chief... action, identified by docket identification (ID) number EPA-HQ-OPP-2011-0772, is available at http://www... additional information about the docket available at http://www.epa.gov/dockets . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION...

77 FR 56782 - Bifenthrin; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-14

..., hay. Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requested these tolerances under the Federal Food... OCSPP test guidelines referenced in this document electronically, please go to http://www.epa.gov/ocspp and select ``Test Methods and Guidelines.'' C. How can I file an objection or hearing request? Under...

78 FR 55635 - Prometryn; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-11

.... Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requested these tolerances under the Federal Food, Drug, and... test guidelines referenced in this document electronically, please go to http://www.epa.gov/ocspp and select ``Test Methods and Guidelines. C. How can I file an objection or hearing request? Under FFDCA...

77 FR 38199 - Propiconazole; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-27

... group 12, except plum. Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requested these tolerances under... experimental animals by the oral, dermal and inhalation routes. It is moderately irritating to the eyes, and... susceptible to its toxicity than rats. Decreased body weight gain in experimental animals was seen in...

77 FR 73940 - Flubendiamide; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-12

... in c/o Nichino America, Inc. (U.S. subsidiary of Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd.), P.O. Box 12014, Research... increases in the tolerances for pome fruit and wet apple pomace as follows: i. Acute exposure. Quantitative... level residues, assuming 100% of crops were treated. In addition, experimental processing (where...

40 CFR 180.1177 - Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from... FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1177 Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. The biochemical pesticide potassium bicarbonate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance...

40 CFR 180.1177 - Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from... FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1177 Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. The biochemical pesticide potassium bicarbonate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance...

40 CFR 180.1177 - Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from... FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1177 Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. The biochemical pesticide potassium bicarbonate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance...

40 CFR 180.1177 - Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from... FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1177 Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. The biochemical pesticide potassium bicarbonate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance...

40 CFR 180.1177 - Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from... FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1177 Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. The biochemical pesticide potassium bicarbonate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance...

77 FR 47296 - Flutriafol; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-08

... objections and hearing requests are provided in 40 CFR 178.25(b). In addition to filing an objection or.... Tolerances were previously established on November 9, 2011 for banana, grape, raisin; pome and stone fruit... Imported Bananas,'' at p. 40 in docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0875. [[Page 47298

75 FR 8261 - Flumioxazin; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-24

... Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining whether this... supporting the petition, EPA has revised the proposed tolerance on hop, dried cones. The reason for this... drinking water and in residential settings, but does not include occupational exposure. Section 408(b)(2)(C...

75 FR 80346 - Flutolanil; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-22

... turnip greens. The Interregional Research Project Number 4 requested these tolerances under the Federal... the Interregional Research Project No. 4 (IR-4), 500 College Road East, Suite 201W, Princeton, NJ... susceptibility of rat or rabbit fetuses to in utero exposure or rat pups to pre- and post-natal exposure to...

Mycotoxins, pesticides and toxic metals in commercial spices and herbs.

PubMed

Reinholds, Ingars; Pugajeva, Iveta; Bavrins, Konstantins; Kuckovska, Galina; Bartkevics, Vadims

2017-03-01

A total of 300 samples representing six condiments (black pepper, basil, oregano, nutmeg, paprika, and thyme) were analysed for 11 mycotoxins, 134 pesticides and 4 heavy metals by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mycotoxins were detected in 4%, 10% and 30% of all nutmeg, basil and thyme samples, respectively. The residues of 24 pesticides were detected in 59% of the analysed condiments. The maximum residue levels of pesticides were exceeded in 10% of oregano and 46% of thyme samples. A risk assessment of heavy metals was performed, indicating daily intake levels far below the tolerable intake levels.

75 FR 26673 - Clethodim; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-12

... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of clethodim in or on the raw agricultural commodity artichoke... clethodim, in or on the raw agricultural commodity artichoke, globe at 1.3 parts per million (ppm..., in or on the raw agricultural commodities artichoke, globe at 1.2 ppm, bushberry subgroup 13-07B at 0...

75 FR 35653 - Thiamethoxam; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-23

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 180 [EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0737; FRL-8830-4] Thiamethoxam... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of thiamethoxam in or on onion, dry bulb. Syngenta Crop... thiamethoxam (3-[(2-chloro-5-thiazolyl)methyl]tetrahydro-5-methyl-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5- oxadiazin-4-imine) and its...

78 FR 42693 - Hexythiazox; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-17

....0 ppm, and strawberry at 6 ppm (proposed) for residues of hexythiazox and its metabolites containing... strawberry (representative commodity of CSG 13-07G). The current Codex MRL of 0.1 ppm for eggplant is based..., pome, group 11; caneberry subgroup 13A; grape; and strawberry from 40 CFR. These tolerances are being...

77 FR 49732 - Cyprodinil; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-17

.../puree (1x) and lemon/lime juice (1x) were used to modify the tolerance values. iii. Cancer. Based on the... exposure takes into account short-term residential exposure plus chronic exposure to food and water... exposure plus chronic exposure to food and water (considered to be a background exposure level). An...

40 CFR 180.1196 - Peroxyacetic acid; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... antimicrobial treatment in solutions containing a diluted end use concentration of peroxyacetic acid up to 100... food commodities when used in sanitizing solutions containing a diluted end-use concentration of...

77 FR 66721 - Metconazole; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-07

... information in support of this action. EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of and to make a... tolerance shows that there will be no increase in the maximum reasonably balanced dietary burden for beef cattle, swine, or poultry but a small increase for diary cattle. There is no increase for beef cattle...

75 FR 12691 - Hexythiazox; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-17

... chemistry data to support the proposed tolerances for the stone fruit use, therefore, this action only...-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) used for establishing the chronic RfD (2.5 mg/kg/day, from the 1-year... hexythiazox as well as the NOAEL and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) from the toxicity...

76 FR 54127 - Tebuconazole; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-31

..., shorts; and wheat, germ. Bayer CropScience requested these tolerances under the Federal Food, Drug, and... apply to certain entities. If you have any questions regarding the applicability of this action to a... 0F7792 by Bayer CropScience, 2 T.W. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12014, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709...

76 FR 23891 - Pyrasulfotole; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-29

... regulation establishes or revises tolerances for residues of pyrasulfotole in or on grain sorghum, grass, and...); sorghum, forage at 1.2 ppm; sorghum, stover at 0.35 ppm; grass, hay at 2.5 ppm; and grass, forage at 10... levels for sorghum, grass; and livestock commodities. The reasons for these changes are explained in Unit...

Selectivity assessment of two biorational insecticides, azadirachtin and pyriproxyfen, in comparison to a neonicotinoid, acetamiprid, on pupae and adults of a Neotropical strain Eretmocerus mundus Mercet.

PubMed

Francesena, Natalia; Schneider, Marcela Inés

2018-05-02

Assessment of the susceptibility of natural enemies of pests to selective pesticides is relevant for a sustainable agriculture with low impact on the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of two biorational insecticides, azadirachtin and pyriproxyfen in comparison to a neonicotinoid insecticide, acetamiprid, on pupae and adults of a Neotropical strain of Eretmocerus mundus. Adult emergence and survival were evaluated as lethal effects whereas the sublethal effects were assessed through the reproductive capacity, sex ratio, and longevity of the surviving first progeny. Adult emergence from treated pupae was reduced by all three insecticides, but azadirachtin at its maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC) proved the most toxic insecticide. The survival probability of emerged adults was reduced by the three insecticides below than 50% from 2 to 5 days after the adult emergence. Malformations in nonemerged adults from treated pupal hosts were observed at the MFRC of all three insecticides. Sublethal effects on survivors from pupal treatment could be evaluated at only the lowest azadirachtin concentration. At that concentration, though azadirachtin did not affect the reproductive capacity of females, the sex ratio and the longevity of the first progeny were disrupted. The survival of parasitoid adults after adult exposure was reduced by all three insecticides, pyriproxyfen at the MFRC being the most toxic. All insecticides at their half of MFRCs induced sublethal effects in the survivors' adults, with pyriproxyfen being the most harmful to the reproductive capacity of females. In conclusion, both biorational insecticides were toxic to E. mundus. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

77 FR 10381 - Metaflumizone; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-22

... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of metaflumizone in or on citrus fruit, tree nuts, almond... metaflumizone, in or on: Fruit, citrus, group 10 at 0.04 ppm; nut, tree, group 14 at 0.04 ppm; almond, hulls at... Registration for a Fire Ant Bait for Application to Citrus, Tree Nuts, and Grape, and a new Section 3...

76 FR 61592 - Isopyrazam; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-05

... regulation establishes a tolerance for residues of isopyrazam in or on banana. Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc... provided in 40 CFR 178.25(b). In addition to filing an objection or hearing request with the Hearing Clerk... isopyrazam, in or on banana at 0.05 ppm parts per million (ppm). That notice referenced a summary of the...

76 FR 23882 - Metiram; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-29

... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of metiram in or on bananas and wine grapes. BASF Corporation... requests are provided in 40 CFR 178.25(b). In addition to filing an objection or hearing request with the... bananas (whole fruit) at 5.0 parts per million (ppm) and grapes at 7.0 ppm. That notice referenced a...

77 FR 41081 - Sulfentrazone; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-12

... 0.15 ppm; crop group 13-07 berry and small fruit at 0.15 ppm; crop group 14 tree nut and pistachio...), Citrus Fruit Group 10-10, Low-Growing Berry Group 13-07, Tree Nut Group 14, Pistachios, and Crop Group 18....15 ppm; pistachio at 0.15 ppm; and section 180.498 (c) tolerances [[Page 41087

78 FR 57276 - Quinoxyfen; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-18

... or on grape; pepper, bell; pepper, nonbell; and strawberry as they will be superseded by crop group... grape at 0.60 ppm; strawberry at 0.90 ppm; pepper, bell at 0.35 ppm; and pepper, nonbell at 1.7 ppm, as..., strawberries, and peppers. EPA is raising the level of the requested U.S. tolerances for residues of quinoxyfen...

75 FR 75389 - Metrafenone; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-03

... and wine grapes at 4.5 parts per million (ppm), juice grapes at 0.45 ppm, and raisin grapes at 17 ppm... that the proposed tolerances for wine and juice grapes are not needed. The reason for this change is... residential exposure plus chronic exposure to food and water (considered to be a background exposure level...

Multi-Drug Resistance Transporters and a Mechanism-Based Strategy for Assessing Risks of Pesticide Combinations to Honey Bees

PubMed Central

Guseman, Alex J.; Miller, Kaliah; Kunkle, Grace; Dively, Galen P.; Pettis, Jeffrey S.; Evans, Jay D.; vanEngelsdorp, Dennis; Hawthorne, David J.

2016-01-01

Annual losses of honey bee colonies remain high and pesticide exposure is one possible cause. Dangerous combinations of pesticides, plant-produced compounds and antibiotics added to hives may cause or contribute to losses, but it is very difficult to test the many combinations of those compounds that bees encounter. We propose a mechanism-based strategy for simplifying the assessment of combinations of compounds, focusing here on compounds that interact with xenobiotic handling ABC transporters. We evaluate the use of ivermectin as a model substrate for these transporters. Compounds that increase sensitivity of bees to ivermectin may be inhibiting key transporters. We show that several compounds commonly encountered by honey bees (fumagillin, Pristine, quercetin) significantly increased honey bee mortality due to ivermectin and significantly reduced the LC50 of ivermectin suggesting that they may interfere with transporter function. These inhibitors also significantly increased honey bees sensitivity to the neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid. This mechanism-based strategy may dramatically reduce the number of tests needed to assess the possibility of adverse combinations among pesticides. We also demonstrate an in vivo transporter assay that provides physical evidence of transporter inhibition by tracking the dynamics of a fluorescent substrate of these transporters (Rhodamine B) in bee tissues. Significantly more Rhodamine B remains in the head and hemolymph of bees pretreated with higher concentrations of the transporter inhibitor verapamil. Mechanism-based strategies for simplifying the assessment of adverse chemical interactions such as described here could improve our ability to identify those combinations that pose significantly greater risk to bees and perhaps improve the risk assessment protocols for honey bees and similar sensitive species. PMID:26840460

Multi-Drug Resistance Transporters and a Mechanism-Based Strategy for Assessing Risks of Pesticide Combinations to Honey Bees.

PubMed

Guseman, Alex J; Miller, Kaliah; Kunkle, Grace; Dively, Galen P; Pettis, Jeffrey S; Evans, Jay D; vanEngelsdorp, Dennis; Hawthorne, David J

2016-01-01

Annual losses of honey bee colonies remain high and pesticide exposure is one possible cause. Dangerous combinations of pesticides, plant-produced compounds and antibiotics added to hives may cause or contribute to losses, but it is very difficult to test the many combinations of those compounds that bees encounter. We propose a mechanism-based strategy for simplifying the assessment of combinations of compounds, focusing here on compounds that interact with xenobiotic handling ABC transporters. We evaluate the use of ivermectin as a model substrate for these transporters. Compounds that increase sensitivity of bees to ivermectin may be inhibiting key transporters. We show that several compounds commonly encountered by honey bees (fumagillin, Pristine, quercetin) significantly increased honey bee mortality due to ivermectin and significantly reduced the LC50 of ivermectin suggesting that they may interfere with transporter function. These inhibitors also significantly increased honey bees sensitivity to the neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid. This mechanism-based strategy may dramatically reduce the number of tests needed to assess the possibility of adverse combinations among pesticides. We also demonstrate an in vivo transporter assay that provides physical evidence of transporter inhibition by tracking the dynamics of a fluorescent substrate of these transporters (Rhodamine B) in bee tissues. Significantly more Rhodamine B remains in the head and hemolymph of bees pretreated with higher concentrations of the transporter inhibitor verapamil. Mechanism-based strategies for simplifying the assessment of adverse chemical interactions such as described here could improve our ability to identify those combinations that pose significantly greater risk to bees and perhaps improve the risk assessment protocols for honey bees and similar sensitive species.

40 CFR 180.1040 - Ethylene glycol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Ethylene glycol; exemption from the... Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1040 Ethylene glycol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. Ethylene glycol as a component of pesticide formulations is exempt from the requirement of a tolerance when...

Economic and policy issues of U.S. agricultural pesticide use trends.

PubMed

Osteen, Craig D; Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge

2013-09-01

This paper discusses U.S. agricultural pesticide use trends from 1964 to 2010 based on estimates developed from USDA surveys, and the influence of economic factors, agricultural policy, and pesticide regulation on aggregate quantities and mix of pesticides used. Synthetic organic pesticide use grew dramatically from the 1960s to the early 1980s, as farmers treated more and more acreage. Use then stabilized, with herbicides applied to about 95% of corn, cotton, and soybean acres, annually. Subsequently, major factors affecting trends were: (1) changes in crop acreage and other economic factors, (2) use of new pesticides that reduced per-acre application rates and/or met more rigorous health and environmental standards, and (3) adoption of genetically engineered insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant crops. The use of pesticides and other control practices responded to economic factors such as input and output markets and agricultural policies. Changing societal values toward pesticide risks and benefits profoundly affected pesticide policy, influencing the pesticides available for use, but only indirectly affecting aggregate quantities used. While the current pesticide regulatory process might have economic inefficiencies, it might be consistent with policy preferences held by much of the public-to reduce pesticide hazards rather than minimize regulatory costs. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

75 FR 29441 - Novaluron; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-26

... amend existing tolerances of novaluron in or on poultry, fat from 0.40 ppm to 7.0 ppm; poultry, meat from 0.03 ppm to 0.40 ppm; poultry, meat byproducts from 0.04 ppm to 0.80 ppm; hog, fat from 0.05 ppm..., Environmental Science Center, 701 Mapes Rd., Ft. Meade, MD 20755-5350; telephone number: (410) 305-2905; e-mail...

40 CFR 180.1176 - Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the... Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1176 Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. The biochemical pesticide sodium bicarbonate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on all raw...

40 CFR 180.1176 - Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the... Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1176 Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. The biochemical pesticide sodium bicarbonate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on all raw...

40 CFR 180.1176 - Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the... Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1176 Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. The biochemical pesticide sodium bicarbonate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on all raw...

Planar solid phase extraction clean-up for pesticide residue analysis in tea by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Oellig, Claudia; Schwack, Wolfgang

2012-10-19

Efficient clean-up is indispensable for preventing matrix effects in multi-residue analysis of pesticides in food by liquid and gas chromatography (LC and GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). High-throughput planar solid phase extraction (HTpSPE) was recently introduced as a new clean-up concept in residue analysis of pesticides in fruit and vegetables (C. Oellig, W. Schwack, 2011 [45]). Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used to completely separate pesticides from matrix compounds and to focus them into a sharp zone, followed by extraction of the target zone by the TLC-MS interface. As rather challenging matrices, tea samples were chosen in this study. Besides chlorophylls and polyphenols, high amount of caffeine is co-extracted resulting in strong matrix effects both in LC-MS and GC-MS. The former HTpSPE procedure was adapted to initial extracts of green and black tea resulting in colorless extracts nearly free of matrix effects and interferences, as shown for seven chemically representative pesticides (acetamiprid, penconazole, azoxystrobin, chlorpyrifos, pirimicarb, fenarimol, and mepanipyrim). LC-MS/MS calibration curves obtained in the range of 0.002-0.5 mg/kg from matrix-matched standards and solvent standards were nearly identical and demonstrated the effectiveness of clean-up by HTpSPE. Mean recoveries determined by LC-MS/MS against solvent standards at spiking levels of 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg ranged between 72 and 114% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.7-4.7% (n=4), while LC-MS measurements of tea samples spiked at 1 mg/kg provided recoveries of 81-104% with RSDs of 1.2-4.9% (n=6). Using LC-MS/MS, the method showed high sensitivity with signal-to-noise ratios>10 for concentrations below 0.002 mg/kg. HTpSPE of one sample was done in a few minutes, while numerous samples were cleaned in parallel at minimal costs with very low sample and solvent consumption. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

ESTIMATING SAMPLE REQUIREMENTS FOR FIELD EVALUATIONS OF PESTICIDE LEACHING

EPA Science Inventory

A method is presented for estimating the number of samples needed to evaluate pesticide leaching threats to ground water at a desired level of precision. Sample size projections are based on desired precision (exhibited as relative tolerable error), level of confidence (90 or 95%...

40 CFR 180.1225 - Decanoic acid; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., breweries, wineries, beverage and food processing plants. [68 FR 7939, Feb. 19, 2003; 68 FR 17308, Apr. 9... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... acid (up to 170 ppm per application) on food contact surfaces such as equipment, pipelines, tanks, vats...

77 FR 8755 - Receipt of a Pesticide Petition Filed for Temporary Tolerance Exemption for Residues of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-15

... manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532). This listing is not intended to be... Environmental protection, Agricultural commodities, Feed additives, Food additives, Pesticides and pests...

Linking land use with pesticides in Dutch surface waters.

PubMed

Van't, Zelfde M T; Tamis, W L M; Vijver, M G; De Snoo, G R

2012-01-01

Compared with other European countries The Netherlands has a relatively high level of pesticide consumption, particularly in agriculture. Many of the compounds concerned end up in surface waters. Surface water quality is routinely monitored and numerous pesticides are found to be present in high concentrations, with various standards being regularly exceeded. Many standards-breaching pesticides exhibit regional patterns that can be traced back to land use. These patterns have been statistically analysed by correlating surface area per land use category with standards exceedance per pesticide, thereby identifying numerous significant correlations with respect to breaches of both the ecotoxicological standard (Maximum Tolerable Risk, MTR) and the drinking water standard. In the case of the MTR, greenhouse horticulture, floriculture and bulb-growing have the highest number as well as percentage of standard-breaching pesticides, despite these market segments being relatively small in terms of area cropped. Cereals, onions, vegetables, perennial border plants and pulses are also associated with many pesticides that exceed the drinking water standard. When a correction is made for cropped acreage, cereals and potatoes also prove to be a major contributor to monitoring sites where the MTR standard is exceeded. Over the period 1998-2006 the land-use categories with the most and highest percentage of standards-exceeding pesticides (greenhouse horticulture, bulb-growing and flower cultivation) showed an increase in the percentage of standards-exceeding compounds.

Pesticide body burden of the crustacean Gammarus pulex as a measure of toxic pressure in agricultural streams.

PubMed

Shahid, Naeem; Becker, Jeremias Martin; Krauss, Martin; Brack, Werner; Liess, Matthias

2018-06-22

Risk assessments of toxicants in aquatic environments are typically based on the evaluation of concentrations in water or sediment. However, concentrations in water are highly variable, while the body burden may provide a better time-integrated measure of pesticide exposure and potential effects in aquatic organisms. Here, we quantified pesticide body burdens in a dominant invertebrate species from agricultural streams, Gammarus pulex, compared them pesticide concentrations in water samples, and linked the pesticide contamination with observed ecological effects on macroinvertebrate communities. In total, 19 of 61 targeted analytes were found in the organisms, ranging from 0.037 to 93.94 ng g-1 (wet weight). Neonicotinoids caused the highest toxic pressure among the pesticides detected in G. pulex. Using linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs), we derived equivalent pesticide concentrations in stream water based on the body burden. These equivalent concentrations correlated with the concentrations in water samples collected after run-off (65% of variance explained). Pesticide pressure significantly affected the aquatic macroinvertebrate community structure, expressed as SPEARpesticides, and caused, on average, threefold increased insecticide tolerance in G. pulex as a result of adaptation. The toxic pressure derived from body burden and from water samples similarly explained the change in community structure (68% and 64%). However, the increased tolerance of G. pulex to pesticides was better explained by the toxicity derived from body burden (70%) than by the toxicity from water samples (53%). We conclude that the internal body burden of macroinvertebrates is suitable to assess the overall pesticide exposure and effects in agricultural streams.

40 CFR 180.1189 - Methyl salicylate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... food or feed when used as an insect repellant in food packaging and animal feed packaging at an application rate that does not exceed 0.2 mg of methyl salicylate per square inch of packaging materials. [62... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD...

40 CFR 180.1189 - Methyl salicylate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... food or feed when used as an insect repellant in food packaging and animal feed packaging at an application rate that does not exceed 0.2 mg of methyl salicylate per square inch of packaging materials. [62... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD...

40 CFR 180.1189 - Methyl salicylate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... food or feed when used as an insect repellant in food packaging and animal feed packaging at an application rate that does not exceed 0.2 mg of methyl salicylate per square inch of packaging materials. [62... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD...

40 CFR 180.1189 - Methyl salicylate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... food or feed when used as an insect repellant in food packaging and animal feed packaging at an application rate that does not exceed 0.2 mg of methyl salicylate per square inch of packaging materials. [62... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD...

40 CFR 180.1189 - Methyl salicylate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... food or feed when used as an insect repellant in food packaging and animal feed packaging at an application rate that does not exceed 0.2 mg of methyl salicylate per square inch of packaging materials. [62... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD...

Key parameters and practices controlling pesticide degradation efficiency of biobed substrates.

PubMed

Karanasios, Evangelos; Karpouzas, Dimitrios G; Tsiropoulos, Nikolaos G

2012-01-01

We studied the contribution of each of the components of a compost-based biomixture (BX), commonly used in Europe, on pesticide degradation. The impact of other key parameters including pesticide dose, temperature and repeated applications on the degradation of eight pesticides, applied as a mixture, in a BX and a peat-based biomixture (OBX) was compared and contrasted to their degradation in soil. Incubation studies showed that straw was essential in maintaining a high pesticide degradation capacity of the biomixture, whereas compost, when mixed with soil, retarded pesticide degradation. The highest rates of degradation were shown in the biomixture composed of soil/compost/straw suggesting that all three components are essential for maximum biobed performance. Increasing doses prolonged the persistence of most pesticides with biomixtures showing a higher tolerance to high pesticide dose levels compared to soil. Increasing the incubation temperature from 15 °C to 25 °C resulted in lower t(1/2) values, with biomixtures performing better than soil at the lower temperature. Repeated applications led to a decrease in the degradation rates of most pesticides in all the substrates, with the exception of iprodione and metalaxyl. Overall, our results stress the ability of biomixtures to perform better than soil under unfavorable conditions and extreme pesticide dose levels. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

77 FR 35295 - Methyl Bromide; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-13

.... SUMMARY: This regulation establishes a tolerance for residues of methyl bromide in or on cotton... on cotton, undelinted seed at 150 parts per million (ppm). EPA issued a proposed rule that explained... were accurate. According to USDA, drought conditions in Texas have reduced cotton production by 13...

78 FR 53047 - Halosulfuron-methyl; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-28

... caneberry subgroup 13-07A. The Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requested these tolerances..., which are frequently characterized by reduced body weight/body weight gain in the test animals. In the... similar dose level. In the rabbit developmental toxicity study, increases in resorptions and post...

77 FR 26456 - Carfentrazone-ethyl; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-04

...: This regulation establishes tolerances for residues of carfentrazone-ethyl in or on crop group 18, non... Registration for Application to the Non-grass Animal Feed Crop Group 18. Human-Health Risk Assessment'' pp. 30...-occupational, non-dietary exposure (e.g., for lawn and garden pest control, indoor pest control, termiticides...

77 FR 60917 - Trinexapac-ethyl; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-05

... ``hog, meat by-products'' in order to correct inadvertent errors in the final rule tolerance table for...'' is revised to ``hog, meat by-products.'' V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews This final rule... alphabetical order an entry for ``Hog, meat by-products''. 0 iii. Revising the entries for ``Wheat, forage...

THE EPA NATIONAL EXPOSURE RESEARCH LABORATORY CHILDREN'S PESTICIDE EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT PROGRAM

EPA Science Inventory

The U.S. EPA's National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL) conducts research in support of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996. FQPA requires that children's risks to pesticide exposures be considered during the tolerance-setting process. The Act requires exposure...

40 CFR 180.522 - Fumigants for processed grains used in production of fermented malt beverage; tolerances for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... production of fermented malt beverage; tolerances for residues. 180.522 Section 180.522 Protection of... PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.522 Fumigants for processed grains used in production of fermented malt beverage; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Fumigants for processed grain...

76 FR 82152 - Cyhalofop-butyl; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-30

... original long-term studies were approaching a maximum tolerated dose. In addition, there were no positive....regulations.gov , or, if only available in hard copy, at the OPP Regulatory Public Docket in Rm. S-4400, One..., identified by docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2011-0283, by one of the following methods: Federal eRulemaking...

Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Reduces Organophosphate Pesticide Absorption and Toxicity to Drosophila melanogaster

PubMed Central

Trinder, Mark; McDowell, Tim W.; Daisley, Brendan A.; Ali, Sohrab N.; Leong, Hon S.; Sumarah, Mark W.

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Organophosphate pesticides used in agriculture can pose health risks to humans and wildlife. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus, a genus of commensal bacteria, would reduce absorption and toxicity of consumed organophosphate pesticides (parathion and chlorpyrifos [CP]). Several Lactobacillus species were screened for toleration of 100 ppm of CP or parathion in MRS broth based on 24-h growth curves. Certain Lactobacillus strains were unable to reach stationary-phase culture maxima and displayed an abnormal culture morphology in response to pesticide. Further characterization of commonly used, pesticide-tolerant and pesticide-susceptible, probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG) and L. rhamnosus strain GR-1 (LGR-1), respectively, revealed that both strains could significantly sequester organophosphate pesticides from solution after 24-h coincubations. This effect was independent of metabolic activity, as L. rhamnosus GG did not hydrolyze CP and no difference in organophosphate sequestration was observed between live and heat-killed strains. Furthermore, LGR-1 and LGG reduced the absorption of 100 μM parathion or CP in a Caco-2 Transwell model of the small intestine epithelium. To determine the effect of sequestration on acute toxicity, newly eclosed Drosophila melanogaster flies were exposed to food containing 10 μM CP with or without supplementation with live LGG. Supplementation with LGG simultaneously, but not with administration of CP 3 days prior (prophylactically), mitigated CP-induced mortality. In summary, the results suggest that L. rhamnosus may be useful for reducing toxic organophosphate pesticide exposure via passive binding. These findings could be transferable to clinical and livestock applications due to affordability and practical ability to supplement products with food-grade bacteria. IMPORTANCE The consequences of environmental pesticide pollution due to widespread usage in agriculture and soil

Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Reduces Organophosphate Pesticide Absorption and Toxicity to Drosophila melanogaster.

PubMed

Trinder, Mark; McDowell, Tim W; Daisley, Brendan A; Ali, Sohrab N; Leong, Hon S; Sumarah, Mark W; Reid, Gregor

2016-10-15

Organophosphate pesticides used in agriculture can pose health risks to humans and wildlife. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus, a genus of commensal bacteria, would reduce absorption and toxicity of consumed organophosphate pesticides (parathion and chlorpyrifos [CP]). Several Lactobacillus species were screened for toleration of 100 ppm of CP or parathion in MRS broth based on 24-h growth curves. Certain Lactobacillus strains were unable to reach stationary-phase culture maxima and displayed an abnormal culture morphology in response to pesticide. Further characterization of commonly used, pesticide-tolerant and pesticide-susceptible, probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG) and L. rhamnosus strain GR-1 (LGR-1), respectively, revealed that both strains could significantly sequester organophosphate pesticides from solution after 24-h coincubations. This effect was independent of metabolic activity, as L. rhamnosus GG did not hydrolyze CP and no difference in organophosphate sequestration was observed between live and heat-killed strains. Furthermore, LGR-1 and LGG reduced the absorption of 100 μM parathion or CP in a Caco-2 Transwell model of the small intestine epithelium. To determine the effect of sequestration on acute toxicity, newly eclosed Drosophila melanogaster flies were exposed to food containing 10 μM CP with or without supplementation with live LGG. Supplementation with LGG simultaneously, but not with administration of CP 3 days prior (prophylactically), mitigated CP-induced mortality. In summary, the results suggest that L. rhamnosus may be useful for reducing toxic organophosphate pesticide exposure via passive binding. These findings could be transferable to clinical and livestock applications due to affordability and practical ability to supplement products with food-grade bacteria. The consequences of environmental pesticide pollution due to widespread usage in agriculture and soil leaching are becoming a

The Tobacco Industry and Pesticide Regulations: Case Studies from Tobacco Industry Archives

PubMed Central

McDaniel, Patricia A.; Solomon, Gina; Malone, Ruth E.

2005-01-01

Tobacco is a heavily pesticide-dependent crop. Because pesticides involve human safety and health issues, they are regulated nationally and internationally; however, little is known about how tobacco companies respond to regulatory pressures regarding pesticides. In this study we analyzed internal tobacco industry documents to describe industry activities aimed at influencing pesticide regulations. We used a case study approach based on examination of approximately 2,000 internal company documents and 3,885 pages of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency documents obtained through Freedom of Information Act requests. The cases involved methoprene, the ethylene bisdithiocarbamates, and phosphine. We show how the tobacco industry successfully altered the outcome in two cases by hiring ex-agency scientists to write reports favorable to industry positions regarding pesticide regulations for national (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) and international (World Health Organization) regulatory bodies. We also show how the industry worked to forestall tobacco pesticide regulation by attempting to self-regulate in Europe, and how Philip Morris encouraged a pesticide manufacturer to apply for higher tolerance levels in Malaysia and Europe while keeping tobacco industry interest a secret from government regulators. This study suggests that the tobacco industry is able to exert considerable influence over the pesticide regulatory process and that increased scrutiny of this process and protection of the public interest in pesticide regulation may be warranted. PMID:16330343

The tobacco industry and pesticide regulations: case studies from tobacco industry archives.

PubMed

McDaniel, Patricia A; Solomon, Gina; Malone, Ruth E

2005-12-01

Tobacco is a heavily pesticide-dependent crop. Because pesticides involve human safety and health issues, they are regulated nationally and internationally; however, little is known about how tobacco companies respond to regulatory pressures regarding pesticides. In this study we analyzed internal tobacco industry documents to describe industry activities aimed at influencing pesticide regulations. We used a case study approach based on examination of approximately 2,000 internal company documents and 3,885 pages of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency documents obtained through Freedom of Information Act requests. The cases involved methoprene, the ethylene bisdithiocarbamates, and phosphine. We show how the tobacco industry successfully altered the outcome in two cases by hiring ex-agency scientists to write reports favorable to industry positions regarding pesticide regulations for national (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) and international (World Health Organization) regulatory bodies. We also show how the industry worked to forestall tobacco pesticide regulation by attempting to self-regulate in Europe, and how Philip Morris encouraged a pesticide manufacturer to apply for higher tolerance levels in Malaysia and Europe while keeping tobacco industry interest a secret from government regulators. This study suggests that the tobacco industry is able to exert considerable influence over the pesticide regulatory process and that increased scrutiny of this process and protection of the public interest in pesticide regulation may be warranted.

76 FR 69662 - Methacrylic Polymer; Tolerance Exemption

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-09

... result of pesticide use in residential settings. If EPA is able to determine that a finite tolerance is... part of its composition the atomic elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. 3. The polymer does not contain as an integral part of its composition, except as impurities, any element other than those listed...

Sampling strategies for estimating acute and chronic exposures of pesticides in streams

USGS Publications Warehouse

Crawford, Charles G.

2004-01-01

The Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 requires that human exposure to pesticides through drinking water be considered when establishing pesticide tolerances in food. Several systematic and seasonally weighted systematic sampling strategies for estimating pesticide concentrations in surface water were evaluated through Monte Carlo simulation, using intensive datasets from four sites in northwestern Ohio. The number of samples for the strategies ranged from 4 to 120 per year. Sampling strategies with a minimal sampling frequency outside the growing season can be used for estimating time weighted mean and percentile concentrations of pesticides with little loss of accuracy and precision, compared to strategies with the same sampling frequency year round. Less frequent sampling strategies can be used at large sites. A sampling frequency of 10 times monthly during the pesticide runoff period at a 90 km 2 basin and four times monthly at a 16,400 km2 basin provided estimates of the time weighted mean, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentile concentrations that fell within 50 percent of the true value virtually all of the time. By taking into account basin size and the periodic nature of pesticide runoff, costs of obtaining estimates of time weighted mean and percentile pesticide concentrations can be minimized.

75 FR 56897 - S-metolachlor; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-17

... 13-07B at 0.15 ppm; onion, bulb, subgroup 3-07A at 0.1 ppm; and onion, green, subgroup 3-07B at 2.0... removing a tolerance, under Sec. 180.368(a)(2), established at 0.10 ppm for garlic; onion, bulb; and... established by this action for bulb onion subgroup 3-07A at 0.10 ppm. Additionally, concomitant with the...

77 FR 18748 - Dicloran and Formetanate; Proposed Tolerance Actions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-28

... Dicloran and Formetanate; Proposed Tolerance Actions AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION... . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. General Information A. Does this action apply to me? You may be potentially affected by this action if you are an agricultural producer, food manufacturer, or pesticide manufacturer...

76 FR 7712 - Clothianidin; Time-Limited Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-11

... registration of this seed treatment. Valent has requested an experimental use permit and this tolerance to... evidence of increased quantitative or qualitative susceptibility of rat or rabbit fetuses following in utero exposure to clothianidin in developmental studies; however, increased quantitative susceptibility...

Biodegradation of carbamate pesticides by natural river biofilms in different seasons and their effects on biofilm community structure.

PubMed

Tien, Chien-Jung; Lin, Mon-Chu; Chiu, Wan-Hsin; Chen, Colin S

2013-08-01

This study investigated the ability of natural river biofilms from different seasons to degrade the carbamate pesticides methomyl, carbaryl and carbofuran in single and multiple pesticide systems, and the effects of these pesticides on algal and bacterial communities within biofilms. Spring biofilms had the lowest biomass of algae and bacteria but showed the highest methomyl degradation (>99%) and dissipation rates, suggesting that they might contain microorganisms with high methomyl degradation abilities. Degradation of carbofuran (54.1-59.5%) by biofilms in four seasons was similar, but low degradation of carbaryl (0-27.5%) was observed. The coexistence of other pesticides was found to cause certain effects on pesticide degradation and primarily resulted in lower diversity of diatoms and bacteria than when using a single pesticide. The tolerant diatoms and bacteria potentially having the ability to degrade test pesticides were identified. River biofilms could be suitable biomaterials or used to isolate degraders for bioremediating pesticide-contaminated water. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

75 FR 34448 - Pesticides; Draft Guidance for Pesticide Registrants on False or Misleading Pesticide Product...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-17

... Pesticide Registrants on False or Misleading Pesticide Product Brand Names; Extension of Comment Period... Pesticide Product Brand Names.'' This document extends the comment period for 60 days, from June 18, 2010... draft Pesticide Registration Notice (PR Notice) entitled ``False or Misleading Pesticide Product Brand...

76 FR 59906 - Fluazifop-P-butyl; Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-28

...: This regulation establishes and increases tolerances for residues of fluazifop-P-butyl in or on cotton, gin byproducts; cotton, refined oil; and cotton, undelinted seed. Syngenta Crop Protection requested...-(trifluoromethyl)-2- pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid, expressed as fluazifop, in or on cotton, undelinted seed...

78 FR 32574 - Azoxystrobin; Pesticide Tolerance; Technical Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-31

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 180 [EPA-HQ-OPP-2012-0283; FRL-9387-4] Azoxystrobin..., establishing new and modifying existing tolerances for residues of azoxystrobin. EPA inadvertently omitted the... for residues of the fungicide azoxystrobin in or on various commodities. EPA inadvertently omitted the...

75 FR 28012 - Pesticides; Draft Guidance for Pesticide Registrants on False or Misleading Pesticide Product...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-19

... Pesticide Registrants on False or Misleading Pesticide Product Brand Names AGENCY: Environmental Protection... Pesticide Product Brand Names.'' PR Notices are issued by the Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) to inform... concerning pesticide product brand names that may be false or misleading, either by themselves or in...

77 FR 75560 - Chlorantraniliprole; Pesticide Tolerances, Technical Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-21

... incorrectly established tolerances for ``Vegetable, foliage of legume, group 7, forage'' and ``Vegetable, foliage of legume, group 7, hay''. Under EPA's crop group regulation there are no such crop groups. Rather, there is only a crop group for ``Vegetable, foliage of legume, group 7.'' The petition correctly...

78 FR 30213 - 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid; Pesticide Tolerances