Techniques and implementation of the embedded rule-based expert system using Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liberman, Eugene M.; Jones, Robert E.

1991-01-01

Ada is becoming an increasingly popular programming language for large Government-funded software projects. Ada with its portability, transportability, and maintainability lends itself well to today's complex programming environment. In addition, expert systems have also assured a growing role in providing human-like reasoning capability and expertise for computer systems. The integration of expert system technology with Ada programming language, specifically a rule-based expert system using an ART-Ada (Automated Reasoning Tool for Ada) system shell is discussed. The NASA Lewis Research Center was chosen as a beta test site for ART-Ada. The test was conducted by implementing the existing Autonomous Power EXpert System (APEX), a Lisp-base power expert system, in ART-Ada. Three components, the rule-based expert system, a graphics user interface, and communications software make up SMART-Ada (Systems fault Management with ART-Ada). The main objective, to conduct a beta test on the ART-Ada rule-based expert system shell, was achieved. The system is operational. New Ada tools will assist in future successful projects. ART-Ada is one such tool and is a viable alternative to the straight Ada code when an application requires a rule-based or knowledge-based approach.

ART-Ada: An Ada-based expert system tool

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, S. Daniel; Allen, Bradley P.

1991-01-01

The Department of Defense mandate to standardize on Ada as the language for software systems development has resulted in increased interest in making expert systems technology readily available in Ada environments. NASA's Space Station Freedom is an example of the large Ada software development projects that will require expert systems in the 1990's. Another large scale application that can benefit from Ada based expert system tool technology is the Pilot's Associate (PA) expert system project for military combat aircraft. Automated Reasoning Tool (ART) Ada, an Ada Expert system tool is described. ART-Ada allow applications of a C-based expert system tool called ART-IM to be deployed in various Ada environments. ART-Ada is being used to implement several prototype expert systems for NASA's Space Station Freedom Program and the U.S. Air Force.

Ada issues in implementing ART-Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, S. Daniel

1990-01-01

Due to the Ada mandate of a number of government agencies, interest in deploying expert systems such as Ada has increased. Recently, several Ada-based expert system tools have been developed. According to a recent benchmark report, these tools do not perform as well as similar tools written in C. While poorly implemented Ada compilers contribute to the poor benchmark result, some fundamental problems of the Ada language itself have been uncovered. Here, the authors describe Ada language issues encountered during the deployment of ART-Ada, an expert system tool for Ada deployment. ART-Ada is being used to implement several prototype expert systems for the Space Station Freedom and the U.S. Air Force.

CLIPS/Ada: An Ada-based tool for building expert systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

White, W. A.

1990-01-01

Clips/Ada is a production system language and a development environment. It is functionally equivalent to the CLIPS tool. CLIPS/Ada was developed in order to provide a means of incorporating expert system technology into projects where the use of the Ada language had been mandated. A secondary purpose was to glean information about the Ada language and its compilers. Specifically, whether or not the language and compilers were mature enough to support AI applications. The CLIPS/Ada tool is coded entirely in Ada and is designed to be used by Ada systems that require expert reasoning.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 900121S1. 10251 Computer Sciences Corporation MC Ada V1.2.Beta/Concurrent Computer Corporation Concurrent/Masscomp 5600 Host To Concurrent/Masscomp 5600 (Dual 68020 Processor Configuration) Target

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-04-23

developed Ada Real - Time Operating System (ARTOS) for bare machine environments(Target), ACW 1.1I0. " ; - -M.UIECTTERMS Ada programming language, Ada...configuration) Operating System: CSC developed Ada Real - Time Operating System (ARTOS) for bare machine environments Memory Size: 4MB 2.2...Test Method Testing of the MC Ado V1.2.beta/ Concurrent Computer Corporation compiler and the CSC developed Ada Real - Time Operating System (ARTOS) for

The Katydid system for compiling KEE applications to Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Filman, Robert E.; Bock, Conrad; Feldman, Roy

1990-01-01

Components of a system known as Katydid are developed in an effort to compile knowledge-based systems developed in a multimechanism integrated environment (KEE) to Ada. The Katydid core is an Ada library supporting KEE object functionality, and the other elements include a rule compiler, a LISP-to-Ada translator, and a knowledge-base dumper. Katydid employs translation mechanisms that convert LISP knowledge structures and rules to Ada and utilizes basic prototypes of a run-time KEE object-structure library module for Ada. Preliminary results include the semiautomatic compilation of portions of a simple expert system to run in an Ada environment with the described algorithms. It is suggested that Ada can be employed for AI programming and implementation, and the Katydid system is being developed to include concurrency and synchronization mechanisms.

Toward the efficient implementation of expert systems in Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, S. Daniel

1990-01-01

Here, the authors describe Ada language issues encountered during the development of ART-Ada, an expert system tool for Ada deployment. ART-Ada is being used to implement several expert system applications for the Space Station Freedom and the U.S. Air Force. Additional information is given on dynamic memory allocation.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 890420W1. 10066 International Business Machines Corporation, IBM Development System for the Ada Language, AIX/RT Ada Compiler, Version 1.1.1, IBM RT PC 6150-125

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-04-20

International Business Machines Corporation, IBM Development System. for the Ada Language AIX/RT Ada Compiler, Version 1.1.1, Wright-Patterson APB...Certificate Number: 890420V1.10066 International Business Machines Corporation IBM Development System for the Ada Language AIX/RT Ada Compiler, Version 1.1.1...TEST INFORMATION The compiler was tested using command scripts provided by International Business Machines Corporation and reviewed by the validation

An evaluation of Ada for Al applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wallace, David R.

1986-01-01

Expert system technology seems to be the most promising type of Artificial Intelligence (AI) application for Ada. An expert system implemented with an expert system shell provides a highly structured approach that fits well with the structured approach found in Ada systems. The current commercial expert system shells use Lisp. In this highly structured situation a shell could be built that used Ada just as well. On the other hand, if it is necessary to deal with some AI problems that are not suited to expert systems, the use of Ada becomes more problematical. Ada was not designed as an AI development language, and is not suited to that. It is possible that an application developed in say, Common Lisp could be translated to Ada for actual use in a particular application, but this could be difficult. Some standard Ada packages could be developed to make such a translation easier. If the most general AI programs need to be dealt with, a Common Lisp system integrated with the Ada Environment is probably necessary. Aside from problems with language features, Ada, by itself, is not well suited to the prototyping and incremental development that is well supported by Lisp.

ART/Ada and CLIPS/Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Culbert, Chris

1990-01-01

Although they have reached a point of commercial viability, expert systems were originally developed in artificial intelligence (AI) research environments. Many of the available tools still work best in such environments. These environments typically utilize special hardware such as LISP machines and relatively unfamiliar languages such as LISP or Prolog. Space Station applications will require deep integration of expert system technology with applications developed in conventional languages, specifically Ada. The ability to apply automation to Space Station functions could be greatly enhanced by widespread availability of state-of-the-art expert system tools based on Ada. Although there have been some efforts to examine the use of Ada for AI applications, there are few, if any, existing products which provide state-of-the-art AI capabilities in an Ada tool. The goal of the ART/Ada Design Project is to conduct research into the implementation in Ada of state-of-the-art hybrid expert systems building tools (ESBT's). This project takes the following approach: using the existing design of the ART-IM ESBT as a starting point, analyze the impact of the Ada language and Ada development methodologies on that design; redesign the system in Ada; and analyze its performance. The research project will attempt to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the potential for embedding expert systems in Ada systems for eventual application in future Space Station Freedom projects. During Phase 1 of the project, initial requirements analysis, design, and implementation of the kernel subset of ART-IM functionality was completed. During Phase 2, the effort has been focused on the implementation and performance analysis of several versions with increasing functionality. Since production quality ART/Ada tools will not be available for a considerable time, and additional subtask of this project will be the completion of an Ada version of the CLIPS expert system shell developed by NASA. This tool will provide full syntactic compatibility with any eventual products of the ART/Ada design while allowing SSFP developers early access to this technology.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number 89020W1. 10073: International Business Machines Corporation, IBM Development System for the Ada Language, VM/CMS Ada Compiler, Version 2.1.1, IBM 3083 (Host and Target)

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-04-20

International Business Machines Corporation) IBM Development System for the Ada Language, VN11/CMS Ada Compiler, Version 2.1.1, Wright-Patterson AFB, IBM 3083...890420W1.10073 International Business Machines Corporation IBM Development System for the Ada Language VM/CMS Ada Compiler Version 2.1.1 IBM 3083... International Business Machines Corporation and reviewed by the validation team. The compiler was tested using all default option settings except for the

Ada (Trade Name) Compiler Validation Summary Report: International Business Machines Corporation. IBM Development System for the Ada Language System, Version 1.1.0, IBM 4381 under MVS.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-22

TITLE (andSubtile) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED Ada Compler Validation Summary Report: 22 May 1987 to 22 May 1988 International Business Machines...IBM Development System for the Ada Language System, Version 1.1.0, International Business Machines Corporation, Wright-Patterson AFB. IBM 4381 under...SUMMARY REPORT: International Business Machines Corporation IBM Development System f’or the Ada Language System, Version 1.1.0 IBM 4381 under MVS

A LISP-Ada connection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jaworski, Allan; Lavallee, David; Zoch, David

1987-01-01

The prototype demonstrates the feasibility of using Ada for expert systems and the implementation of an expert-friendly interface which supports knowledge entry. In the Ford LISP-Ada Connection (FLAC) system LISP and Ada are used in ways which complement their respective capabilities. Future investigation will concentrate on the enhancement of the expert knowledge entry/debugging interface and on the issues associated with multitasking and real-time expert systems implementation in Ada.

Software reuse issues affecting AdaNET

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcbride, John G.

1989-01-01

The AdaNet program is reviewing its long-term goals and strategies. A significant concern is whether current AdaNet plans adequately address the major strategic issues of software reuse technology. The major reuse issues of providing AdaNet services that should be addressed as part of future AdaNet development are identified and reviewed. Before significant development proceeds, a plan should be developed to resolve the aforementioned issues. This plan should also specify a detailed approach to develop AdaNet. A three phased strategy is recommended. The first phase would consist of requirements analysis and produce an AdaNet system requirements specification. It would consider the requirements of AdaNet in terms of mission needs, commercial realities, and administrative policies affecting development, and the experience of AdaNet and other projects promoting the transfer software engineering technology. Specifically, requirements analysis would be performed to better understand the requirements for AdaNet functions. The second phase would provide a detailed design of the system. The AdaNet should be designed with emphasis on the use of existing technology readily available to the AdaNet program. A number of reuse products are available upon which AdaNet could be based. This would significantly reduce the risk and cost of providing an AdaNet system. Once a design was developed, implementation would proceed in the third phase.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 920509S1. 11259 Alenia Aeritalia and Selenia S.p.A DACS VAX/VMS to 80x86 PM MARA Ada Cross Compiler, Version 4.6 Microvax 4000/200 = MARA

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-01

area end basic io types; 11.3.3 TEXT 10 -- Date 31 October 1983 -- Programmer Soeren Prehn (, Knud Joergen Kirkegaard) -- Project Portable Ada...Programmer Peter Haff (, Soeren Prehn , Knud Joergen Kirkegaard) -- Project Portable Ada Programming System -- Module SEQIOS.ADA -- Description...Peter Haff (,Soeren Prehn , Knud Joergen Kirkegaard) -- Project Portable Ada Programming System -- Module DIR IO.ADA -- Description Specification of

The implementation and use of Ada on distributed systems with high reliability requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knight, J. C.

1986-01-01

The use and implementation of Ada in distributed environments in which reliability is the primary concern were investigted. A distributed system, programmed entirely in Ada, was studied to assess the use of individual tasks without concern for the processor used. Continued development and testing of the fault tolerant Ada testbed; development of suggested changes to Ada to cope with the failures of interest; design of approaches to fault tolerant software in real time systems, and the integration of these ideas into Ada; and the preparation of various papers and presentations were discussed.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 890420W1. 10075 International Business Machines Corporation. IBM Development System, for the Ada Language CMS/MVS Ada Cross Compiler, Version 2.1.1 IBM 3083 Host and IBM 4381 Target

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-04-20

International business Machines Corporati,:i IBM Development System for the Ada Language, CMS/MVS Ada Cross Compiler, Version 2.1.1, Wright-Patterson AFB, IBM...VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT: Certificate Number: 890420W1.10075 International Business Machines Corporation IBM Development System for the Ada Language CMS...command scripts provided by International Business Machines Corporation and reviewed by the validation team. The compiler was tested using all default

The implementation and use of Ada on distributed systems with high reliability requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knight, J. C.; Gregory, S. T.; Urquhart, J. I. A.

1985-01-01

The use and implementation of Ada in distributed environments in which reliability is the primary concern were investigated. In particular, the concept that a distributed system may be programmed entirely in Ada so that the individual tasks of the system are unconcerned with which processors they are executing on, and that failures may occur in the software or underlying hardware was examined. Progress is discussed for the following areas: continued development and testing of the fault-tolerant Ada testbed; development of suggested changes to Ada so that it might more easily cope with the failure of interest; and design of new approaches to fault-tolerant software in real-time systems, and integration of these ideas into Ada.

Distributed and parallel Ada and the Ada 9X recommendations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Volz, Richard A.; Goldsack, Stephen J.; Theriault, R.; Waldrop, Raymond S.; Holzbacher-Valero, A. A.

1992-01-01

Recently, the DoD has sponsored work towards a new version of Ada, intended to support the construction of distributed systems. The revised version, often called Ada 9X, will become the new standard sometimes in the 1990s. It is intended that Ada 9X should provide language features giving limited support for distributed system construction. The requirements for such features are given. Many of the most advanced computer applications involve embedded systems that are comprised of parallel processors or networks of distributed computers. If Ada is to become the widely adopted language envisioned by many, it is essential that suitable compilers and tools be available to facilitate the creation of distributed and parallel Ada programs for these applications. The major languages issues impacting distributed and parallel programming are reviewed, and some principles upon which distributed/parallel language systems should be built are suggested. Based upon these, alternative language concepts for distributed/parallel programming are analyzed.

ART/Ada design project, phase 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

An Ada-Based Expert System Building Tool Design Research Project was conducted. The goal was to investigate various issues in the context of the design of an Ada-based expert system building tool. An attempt was made to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the potential for embedding expert systems in Ada systems for eventual application in future projects. The current status of the project is described by introducing an operational prototype, ART/Ada. How the project was conducted is explained. The performance of the prototype is analyzed and compared with other related works. Future research directions are suggested.

Compiling knowledge-based systems from KEE to Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Filman, Robert E.; Bock, Conrad; Feldman, Roy

1990-01-01

The dominant technology for developing AI applications is to work in a multi-mechanism, integrated, knowledge-based system (KBS) development environment. Unfortunately, systems developed in such environments are inappropriate for delivering many applications - most importantly, they carry the baggage of the entire Lisp environment and are not written in conventional languages. One resolution of this problem would be to compile applications from complex environments to conventional languages. Here the first efforts to develop a system for compiling KBS developed in KEE to Ada (trademark). This system is called KATYDID, for KEE/Ada Translation Yields Development Into Delivery. KATYDID includes early prototypes of a run-time KEE core (object-structure) library module for Ada, and translation mechanisms for knowledge structures, rules, and Lisp code to Ada. Using these tools, part of a simple expert system was compiled (not quite automatically) to run in a purely Ada environment. This experience has given us various insights on Ada as an artificial intelligence programming language, potential solutions of some of the engineering difficulties encountered in early work, and inspiration on future system development.

QUEST/Ada (Query Utility Environment for Software Testing) of Ada: The development of a program analysis environment for Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, David B.

1988-01-01

A history of the Query Utility Environment for Software Testing (QUEST)/Ada is presented. A fairly comprehensive literature review which is targeted toward issues of Ada testing is given. The definition of the system structure and the high level interfaces are then presented. The design of the three major components is described. The QUEST/Ada IORL System Specifications to this point in time are included in the Appendix. A paper is also included in the appendix which gives statistical evidence of the validity of the test case generation approach which is being integrated into QUEST/Ada.

21-cm Observations with the NASA ADAS 18-meter Antenna System: Baseline Astronomical Observations and Measurements of Performance Characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malphrus, B. K.; Combs, M. S.; Kruth, J.

2001-12-01

Herein we report astronomical observations made with the NASA Advanced Data Acquisition System (ADAS). The NASA ADAS antenna, located at NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center's Wallops Flight Facility, Virginia, is an 18-meter X-band antenna system that has been primarily used for satellite tracking and served as the telecommunication station for the NASA IUE satellite until ca. 1997. A joint NASA-Morehead State University (MSU)-Kentucky NSF EPSCoR venture has been initiated to upgrade and relocate the antenna system to MSU's Astrophysics Laboratory where it will provide a research instrument and active laboratory for undergraduate students as well as be engaged in satellite tracking missions. As part of the relocation efforts, many systems will be upgraded including replacement of a hydrostatic azimuth bearing with a high-precision electromechanical bearing, a new servo system, and Ku-capable reflector surface. It is widely believed that there are still contributions that small aperture centimeter-wave instruments can make utilizing three primary observing strategies: 1.) longitudinal studies of RF variations in cosmic phenomena, 2.) surveys of large areas of sky, and 3.) fast reactions to transient phenomena. MSU faculty and staff along with NASA engineers re-outfitted the ADAS system with RF systems and upgraded servo controllers during the spring and summer of 2001. Empirical measurements of primary system performance characteristics were made including G/T (at S- and L bands), noise figures, pointing and tracking accuracies, and drive speeds and accelerations. Baseline astronomical observations were made with the MSU L-band receiver using a 6 MHz bandwidth centered at 1420 MHz (21-cm) and observing over a range of frequencies (up to 2.5 MHz, tunable over the 6 MHz window) with a 2048-channel back-end spectrometer, providing up to 1 KHz frequency resolution. Baseline observations of radio sources herein reported include Cygnus A, 3C 157, 3C 48 and the Andromeda Galaxy. After its transition to Morehead State University (which is expected to be completed in 2004), the 18-meter will be available for use by students and faculty from all U.S. institutions for astronomical observations. Transitioning of the 18-meter antenna is made possible by NASA, and the Kentucky NSF EPSCoR program and by grants from the U.S. Small Business Administration.

ART/Ada design project, phase 1. Task 1 report: Overall design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allen, Bradley P.

1988-01-01

The design methodology for the ART/Ada project is introduced, and the selected design for ART/Ada is described in detail. The following topics are included: object-oriented design, reusable software, documentation techniques, impact of Ada, design approach, and differences between ART-IM 1.5 and ART/Ada 1.0 prototype. Also, Ada generator and ART/Ada runtime systems are discussed.

The implementation and use of Ada on distributed systems with high reliability requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knight, J. C.

1988-01-01

The use and implementation of Ada were investigated in distributed environments in which reliability is the primary concern. In particular, the focus was on the possibility that a distributed system may be programmed entirely in Ada so that the individual tasks of the system are unconcerned with which processors are being executed, and that failures may occur in the software and underlying hardware. A secondary interest is in the performance of Ada systems and how that performance can be gauged reliably. Primary activities included: analysis of the original approach to recovery in distributed Ada programs using the Advanced Transport Operating System (ATOPS) example; review and assessment of the original approach which was found to be capable of improvement; development of a refined approach to recovery that was applied to the ATOPS example; and design and development of a performance assessment scheme for Ada programs based on a flexible user-driven benchmarking system.

Ada Run Time Support Environments and a common APSE Interface Set. [Ada Programming Support Environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mckay, C. W.; Bown, R. L.

1985-01-01

The paper discusses the importance of linking Ada Run Time Support Environments to the Common Ada Programming Support Environment (APSE) Interface Set (CAIS). A non-stop network operating systems scenario is presented to serve as a forum for identifying the important issues. The network operating system exemplifies the issues involved in the NASA Space Station data management system.

Network-Centric Operations Support: Lessons Learned, Status, and Way-Ahead

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

34 Information Sharing Environment (ISE) Presentation, Enterprise Architecture Conference, 2011 (http://goveaconference.com/Events/2011/Sessions/ Tuesday ...cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA525312) [35] Morris , Michael, et al. Widget and Mobile Technologies a Forcing Function for Acquisition Change: Paradigm Shift

77 FR 39725 - Land Acquisitions: Pueblo of Santo Domingo

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-05

... Counties, New Mexico A parcel of land described as follows: beginning at a monument marking the position..., more or less. Tract B--Ca[ntilde]ada de Santa Fe T. 15 N., R. 7 E., NMPM, Santa Fe County, New Mexico A...

The GMAO Hybrid Ensemble-Variational Atmospheric Data Assimilation System: Version 2.0

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Todling, Ricardo; El Akkraoui, Amal

2018-01-01

This document describes the implementation and usage of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Hybrid Ensemble-Variational Atmospheric Data Assimilation System (Hybrid EVADAS). Its aim is to provide comprehensive guidance to users of GEOS ADAS interested in experimenting with its hybrid functionalities. The document is also aimed at providing a short summary of the state-of-science in this release of the hybrid system. As explained here, the ensemble data assimilation system (EnADAS) mechanism added to GEOS ADAS to enable hybrid data assimilation applications has been introduced to the pre-existing machinery of GEOS in the most non-intrusive possible way. Only very minor changes have been made to the original scripts controlling GEOS ADAS with the objective of facilitating its usage by both researchers and the GMAO's near-real-time Forward Processing applications. In a hybrid scenario two data assimilation systems run concurrently in a two-way feedback mode such that: the ensemble provides background ensemble perturbations required by the ADAS deterministic (typically high resolution) hybrid analysis; and the deterministic ADAS provides analysis information for recentering of the EnADAS analyses and information necessary to ensure that observation bias correction procedures are consistent between both the deterministic ADAS and the EnADAS. The nonintrusive approach to introducing hybrid capability to GEOS ADAS means, in particular, that previously existing features continue to be available. Thus, not only is this upgraded version of GEOS ADAS capable of supporting new applications such as Hybrid 3D-Var, 3D-EnVar, 4D-EnVar and Hybrid 4D-EnVar, it remains possible to use GEOS ADAS in its traditional 3D-Var mode which has been used in both MERRA and MERRA-2. Furthermore, as described in this document, GEOS ADAS also supports a configuration for exercising a purely ensemble-based assimilation strategy which can be fully decoupled from its variational component. We should point out that Release 1.0 of this document was made available to GMAO in mid-2013, when we introduced Hybrid 3D-Var capability to GEOS ADAS. This initial version of the documentation included a considerably different state-of-science introductory section but many of the same detailed description of the mechanisms of GEOS EnADAS. We are glad to report that a few of the desirable Future Works listed in Release 1.0 have now been added to the present version of GEOS EnADAS. These include the ability to exercise an Ensemble Prediction System that uses the ensemble analyses of GEOS EnADAS and (a very early, but functional version of) a tool to support Ensemble Forecast Sensitivity and Observation Impact applications.

Ada (Trade Name) Compiler Validation Summary Report. Harris Corporation, HARRIS Ada Compiler, Version 1.0, Harris H1200 and H800.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-04-30

AiBI 895 ADA (TRADENNANE) COMPILER VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT / HARRIS CORPORATION HA (U) INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER W-P AFS OH ADA...Compiler Validation Summary Report : 30 APR 1986 to 30 APR 1987 Harris Corporation, HARRIS Ada Compiler, Version 1.0, Harris H1200 and H800 6...the United States Government (Ada Joint Program Office). Adae Compiler Validation mary Report : Compiler Name: HARRIS Ada Compiler, Version 1.0 1 Host

A Comparison of Ada 83 and C++

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-06-01

developing large, complex, software systems with long lifetimes. Those interviewed for this study who are familiar with both Ada and C++ believe that Ada is...with those who are familiar with both languages, there was a clear preference for using Ada for large complex systems with long lifetimes. These...University, December 1990 Additions by Nelson H. Weiderman, June 1991. Chile Empresa Nacional de Aeronautica (ENAER), real-time avionics system, Data

Determination of the Underlying Task Scheduling Algorithm for an Ada Runtime System

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-12-01

was also curious as to how well I could model the test cases with Ada programs . In particular, I wanted to see whether I could model the equal arrival...parameter relationshis=s required to detect the execution of individual algorithms. These test cases were modeled using Ada programs . Then, the...results were analyzed to determine whether the Ada programs were capable of revealing the task scheduling algorithm used by the Ada run-time system. This

ART/Ada design project, phase 1. Task 2 report: Detailed design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allen, Bradley P.

1988-01-01

Various issues are studied in the context of the design of an Ada based expert system building tool. Using an existing successful design as a starting point, the impact is analyzed of the Ada language and Ada development methodologies on that design, the Ada system is redesigned, and its performance is analyzed using both complexity-theoretic and empirical techniques. The algorithms specified in the overall design are refined, resolving and documenting any open design issues, identifying each system module, documenting the internal architecture and control logic, and describing the primary data structures involved in the module.

The implementation and use of Ada on distributed systems with reliability requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reynolds, P. F.; Knight, J. C.; Urquhart, J. I. A.

1983-01-01

The issues involved in the use of the programming language Ada on distributed systems are discussed. The effects of Ada programs on hardware failures such as loss of a processor are emphasized. It is shown that many Ada language elements are not well suited to this environment. Processor failure can easily lead to difficulties on those processors which remain. As an example, the calling task in a rendezvous may be suspended forever if the processor executing the serving task fails. A mechanism for detecting failure is proposed and changes to the Ada run time support system are suggested which avoid most of the difficulties. Ada program structures are defined which allow programs to reconfigure and continue to provide service following processor failure.

Proceedings of the 2nd NASA Ada User's Symposium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

Several presentations, mostly in viewgraph form, on various topics relating to Ada applications are given. Topics covered include the use of Ada in NASA, Ada and the Space Station, the software support environment, Ada in the Software Engineering Laboratory, Ada at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the Flight Telerobotic Servicer, and lessons learned in prototyping the Space Station Remote Manipulator System control.

Issues Involved in Developing Ada Real-Time Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-02-15

expensive modifications to the compiler or Ada runtime system to fit a particular application. Whether we can solve the problems of programming real - time systems in...lock in solutions to problems that are not yet well understood in standards as rigorous as the Ada language. Moreover, real - time systems typically have

Designing Real-Time Systems in Ada (Trademark).

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-01

e a. T * .K Ada .e 6 4J (FINAL REPORT) Real - Time Systems in Ada* Abstract Real-time software differs from other kinds of software in the sense that it...1-2 1.2.2 Functional Focus ...... ................ 1-2 1.3 ROLE OF ADA IN REAL - TIME SYSTEMS DESIGN. ..... 1-3 1.4 SCOPE OF THIS...MODELS OF REAL TIME SYSTEMS 8.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR TEMPORAL BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS . 8-1 8.2 METHODS OF TEMPORAL BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS.... ....... 8-4 8.3

Ada(R) Test and Verification System (ATVS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Strelich, Tom

1986-01-01

The Ada Test and Verification System (ATVS) functional description and high level design are completed and summarized. The ATVS will provide a comprehensive set of test and verification capabilities specifically addressing the features of the Ada language, support for embedded system development, distributed environments, and advanced user interface capabilities. Its design emphasis was on effective software development environment integration and flexibility to ensure its long-term use in the Ada software development community.

Experiences with Ada in an embedded system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Labaugh, Robert J.

1988-01-01

Recent experiences with using Ada in a real time environment are described. The application was the control system for an experimental robotic arm. The objectives of the effort were to experiment with developing embedded applications in Ada, evaluating the suitability of the language for the application, and determining the performance of the system. Additional objectives were to develop a control system based on the NASA/NBS Standard Reference Model for Telerobot Control System Architecture (NASREM) in Ada, and to experiment with the control laws and how to incorporate them into the NASREM architecture.

49 CFR 37.105 - Equivalent service standard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Equivalent service standard. 37.105 Section 37.105 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Acquisition of Accessible Vehicles by Private Entities § 37.105 Equivalent service standard...

C Language Integrated Production System, Ada Version

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Culbert, Chris; Riley, Gary; Savely, Robert T.; Melebeck, Clovis J.; White, Wesley A.; Mcgregor, Terry L.; Ferguson, Melisa; Razavipour, Reza

1992-01-01

CLIPS/Ada provides capabilities of CLIPS v4.3 but uses Ada as source language for CLIPS executable code. Implements forward-chaining rule-based language. Program contains inference engine and language syntax providing framework for construction of expert-system program. Also includes features for debugging application program. Based on Rete algorithm which provides efficient method for performing repeated matching of patterns. Written in Ada.

QUEST/Ada (Query Utility Environment for Software Testing of Ada): The development of a prgram analysis environment for Ada, task 1, phase 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, David B.

1990-01-01

The results of research and development efforts are described for Task one, Phase two of a general project entitled The Development of a Program Analysis Environment for Ada. The scope of this task includes the design and development of a prototype system for testing Ada software modules at the unit level. The system is called Query Utility Environment for Software Testing of Ada (QUEST/Ada). The prototype for condition coverage provides a platform that implements expert system interaction with program testing. The expert system can modify data in the instrument source code in order to achieve coverage goals. Given this initial prototype, it is possible to evaluate the rule base in order to develop improved rules for test case generation. The goals of Phase two are the following: (1) to continue to develop and improve the current user interface to support the other goals of this research effort (i.e., those related to improved testing efficiency and increased code reliable); (2) to develop and empirically evaluate a succession of alternative rule bases for the test case generator such that the expert system achieves coverage in a more efficient manner; and (3) to extend the concepts of the current test environment to address the issues of Ada concurrency.

The implementation and use of Ada on distributed systems with high reliability requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knight, J. C.

1984-01-01

The use and implementation of Ada in distributed environments in which reliability is the primary concern is investigated. Emphasis is placed on the possibility that a distributed system may be programmed entirely in ADA so that the individual tasks of the system are unconcerned with which processors they are executing on, and that failures may occur in the software or underlying hardware. The primary activities are: (1) Continued development and testing of our fault-tolerant Ada testbed; (2) consideration of desirable language changes to allow Ada to provide useful semantics for failure; (3) analysis of the inadequacies of existing software fault tolerance strategies.

49 CFR 37.97-37.99 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false [Reserved] 37.97-37.99 Section 37.97-37.99 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Acquisition of Accessible Vehicles By Public Entities §§ 37.97-37.99 [Reserved] ...

49 CFR 37.111-37.119 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false [Reserved] 37.111-37.119 Section 37.111-37.119 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Acquisition of Accessible Vehicles by Private Entities §§ 37.111-37.119 [Reserved] ...

An Object-Oriented Database Interface for Ada

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-12-01

single object model, a unique extension for each ODM system may be required. The existence of Classic Ada with persistence provides evidence that a...prototypes and also through a commercial product known as Classic Ada with persistence. Classic Ada, a product marketed by Software Productivity Solutions...legal Ada constructs. Classic Ada with persistence provides an extra keyword, persistent, so that a user-defined class can be declared persistent. The

Ada/POSIX binding: A focused Ada investigation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Legrand, Sue

1988-01-01

NASA is seeking an operating system interface definition (OSID) for the Space Station Program (SSP) in order to take advantage of the commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products available today and the many that are expected in the future. NASA would also like to avoid the reliance on any one source for operating systems, information system, communication system, or instruction set architecture. The use of the Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Environments (POSIX) is examined as a possible solution to this problem. Since Ada is already the language of choice for SSP, the question of an Ada/POSIX binding is addressed. The intent of the binding is to provide access to the POSIX standard operation system (OS) interface and environment, by which application portability of Ada applications will be supported at the source code level. A guiding principle of Ada/POSIX binding development is a clear conformance of the Ada interface with the functional definition of POSIX. The interface is intended to be used by both application developers and system implementors. The objective is to provide a standard that allows a strictly conforming application source program that can be compiled to execute on any conforming implementation. Special emphasis is placed on first providing those functions and facilities that are needed in a wide variety of commercial applications

Proceedings of the First NASA Ada Users' Symposium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1988-01-01

Ada has the potential to be a part of the most significant change in software engineering technology within NASA in the last twenty years. Thus, it is particularly important that all NASA centers be aware of Ada experience and plans at other centers. Ada activity across NASA are covered, with presenters representing five of the nine major NASA centers and the Space Station Freedom Program Office. Projects discussed included - Space Station Freedom Program Office: the implications of Ada on training, reuse, management and the software support environment; Johnson Space Center (JSC): early experience with the use of Ada, software engineering and Ada training and the evaluation of Ada compilers; Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC): university research with Ada and the application of Ada to Space Station Freedom, the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle, the Aero-Assist Flight Experiment and the Secure Shuttle Data System; Lewis Research Center (LeRC): the evolution of Ada software to support the Space Station Power Management and Distribution System; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL): the creation of a centralized Ada development laboratory and current applications of Ada including the Real-time Weather Processor for the FAA; and Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC): experiences with Ada in the Flight Dynamics Division and the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) project and the implications of GSFC experience for Ada use in NASA. Despite the diversity of the presentations, several common themes emerged from the program: Methodology - NASA experience in general indicates that the effective use of Ada requires modern software engineering methodologies; Training - It is the software engineering principles and methods that surround Ada, rather than Ada itself, which requires the major training effort; Reuse - Due to training and transition costs, the use of Ada may initially actually decrease productivity, as was clearly found at GSFC; and real-time work at LeRC, JPL and GSFC shows that it is possible to use Ada for real-time applications.

ART/Ada design project, phase 1: Project plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allen, Bradley P.

1988-01-01

The plan and schedule for Phase 1 of the Ada based ESBT Design Research Project is described. The main platform for the project is a DEC Ada compiler on VAX mini-computers and VAXstations running the Virtual Memory System (VMS) operating system. The Ada effort and lines of code are given in tabular form. A chart is given of the entire project life cycle.

Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency - More Than Just an Immunodeficiency.

PubMed

Whitmore, Kathryn V; Gaspar, Hubert B

2016-01-01

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is best known as a form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) that results from mutations in the gene encoding ADA. Affected patients present with clinical and immunological manifestations typical of a SCID. Therapies are currently available that can target these immunological disturbances and treated patients show varying degrees of clinical improvement. However, there is now a growing body of evidence that deficiency of ADA has significant impact on non-immunological organ systems. This review will outline the impact of ADA deficiency on various organ systems, starting with the well-understood immunological abnormalities. We will discuss possible pathogenic mechanisms and also highlight ways in which current treatments could be improved. In doing so, we aim to present ADA deficiency as more than an immunodeficiency and suggest that it should be recognized as a systemic metabolic disorder that affects multiple organ systems. Only by fully understanding ADA deficiency and its manifestations in all organ systems can we aim to deliver therapies that will correct all the clinical consequences.

Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency – More Than Just an Immunodeficiency

PubMed Central

Whitmore, Kathryn V.; Gaspar, Hubert B.

2016-01-01

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is best known as a form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) that results from mutations in the gene encoding ADA. Affected patients present with clinical and immunological manifestations typical of a SCID. Therapies are currently available that can target these immunological disturbances and treated patients show varying degrees of clinical improvement. However, there is now a growing body of evidence that deficiency of ADA has significant impact on non-immunological organ systems. This review will outline the impact of ADA deficiency on various organ systems, starting with the well-understood immunological abnormalities. We will discuss possible pathogenic mechanisms and also highlight ways in which current treatments could be improved. In doing so, we aim to present ADA deficiency as more than an immunodeficiency and suggest that it should be recognized as a systemic metabolic disorder that affects multiple organ systems. Only by fully understanding ADA deficiency and its manifestations in all organ systems can we aim to deliver therapies that will correct all the clinical consequences. PMID:27579027

System testing of a production Ada (trademark) project: The GRODY study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seigle, Jeffrey; Esker, Linda; Shi, Ying-Liang

1990-01-01

The use of the Ada language and design methodologies that utilize its features has a strong impact on all phases of the software development project lifecycle. At the National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC), the Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL) conducted an experiment in parallel development of two flight dynamics systems in FORTRAN and Ada. The teams found some qualitative differences between the system test phases of the two projects. Although planning for system testing and conducting of tests were not generally affected by the use of Ada, the solving of problems found in system testing was generally facilitated by Ada constructs and design methodology. Most problems found in system testing were not due to difficulty with the language or methodology but to lack of experience with the application.

KSC-97PC1280

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-08-22

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- William Saputo, L-3 Communications, presents a new piece of technology, developed through a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) partnership with industry, to Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Director Roy Bridges, Jr. (second from left). The piece of technology being presented, the Universal Signal Conditioning Amplifier (USCA), is a key component of the codeveloped Automated Data Acquisition System (ADAS) that measures temperature, pressure and vibration at KSC's launch pads. The breakthrough technology is expected to reduce sensor setup and configuration times from hours to seconds. KSC teamed up with Florida's Technological Research and Development Authority and manufacturer L-3 Communications to produce a system that would benefit the aerospace industry and other commercial markets

Validation environment for AIPS/ALS: Implementation and results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Segall, Zary; Siewiorek, Daniel; Caplan, Eddie; Chung, Alan; Czeck, Edward; Vrsalovic, Dalibor

1990-01-01

The work is presented which was performed in porting the Fault Injection-based Automated Testing (FIAT) and Programming and Instrumentation Environments (PIE) validation tools, to the Advanced Information Processing System (AIPS) in the context of the Ada Language System (ALS) application, as well as an initial fault free validation of the available AIPS system. The PIE components implemented on AIPS provide the monitoring mechanisms required for validation. These mechanisms represent a substantial portion of the FIAT system. Moreover, these are required for the implementation of the FIAT environment on AIPS. Using these components, an initial fault free validation of the AIPS system was performed. The implementation is described of the FIAT/PIE system, configured for fault free validation of the AIPS fault tolerant computer system. The PIE components were modified to support the Ada language. A special purpose AIPS/Ada runtime monitoring and data collection was implemented. A number of initial Ada programs running on the PIE/AIPS system were implemented. The instrumentation of the Ada programs was accomplished automatically inside the PIE programming environment. PIE's on-line graphical views show vividly and accurately the performance characteristics of Ada programs, AIPS kernel and the application's interaction with the AIPS kernel. The data collection mechanisms were written in a high level language, Ada, and provide a high degree of flexibility for implementation under various system conditions.

IDA and the Technical Cooperation Program Real-Time Systems and Ada Workshop, 21-23 June 1988

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-01

IDA Memorandum Report M-540, IDA and the Technical Cooperation Program Real - Time Systems and Ada Workshop, 21-23 June 1988, documents the results of... time systems , (2) identify and clarify known Ada real-time issues, (3) identify near-term and long-term solutions, and (4) provide assessment and...Technology (ODUSD R&AT). Funding was provided by the STARS Joint Program Office. The objectives were to (1) define requirements for using Ada in real

Ada (Tradename) Compiler Validation Summary Report. International Business Machines Corporation. IBM Development System for the Ada Language for MVS, Version 1.0. IBM 4381 (IBM System/370) under MVS.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-05-05

AVF-VSR-36.0187 Ada" COMPILER VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT: International Business Machines Corporation IBM Development System for the Ada Language for...withdrawn from ACVC Version 1.7 were not run. The compiler was tested using command scripts provided by International Business Machines Corporation. These...APPENDIX A COMPLIANCE STATEMENT International Business Machines Corporation has submitted the following compliance statement concerning the IBM

Ada and software management in NASA: Assessment and recommendations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

Recent NASA missions have required software systems that are larger, more complex, and more critical than NASA software systems of the past. The Ada programming language and the software methods and support environments associated with it are seen as potential breakthroughs in meeting NASA's software requirements. The findings of a study by the Ada and Software Management Assessment Working Group (ASMAWG) are presented. The study was chartered to perform three tasks: (1) assess the agency's ongoing and planned Ada activities; (2) assess the infrastructure (standards, policies, and internal organizations) supporting software management and the Ada activities; and (3) present an Ada implementation and use strategy appropriate for NASA over the next 5 years.

Development of Measures of Success for Corporate Level Air Force Acquisition Initiatives

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-04-30

initiative. Customer satisfaction is described as the extent to which a process or product meets a customer’s expectations ( Kotler and Armstrong ...ADA366787). Kotler , P. and G. Armstrong . Principles of Marketing (9th Edition). Upper Saddle River NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001. Lambert, D. and T

Development of Measures of Success for Corporate Level Air Force Acquisition Initiatives

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-03-01

has failed. Customer satisfaction is described as the extent to which a process or product meets a customer’s expectations ( Kotler and Armstrong ...ADA366787). Kotler , P. and G. Armstrong . Principles of Marketing (9th Edition). Upper Saddle River NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001. Lambert, D. and T

49 CFR 37.95 - Ferries and other passenger vessels operated by public entities. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Ferries and other passenger vessels operated by public entities. [Reserved] 37.95 Section 37.95 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Acquisition of Accessible Vehicles By Public...

49 CFR 37.109 - Ferries and other passenger vessels operated by private entities. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Ferries and other passenger vessels operated by private entities. [Reserved] 37.109 Section 37.109 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Acquisition of Accessible Vehicles...

The implementation and use of Ada on distributed systems with high reliability requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knight, J. C.

1987-01-01

Performance analysis was begin on the Ada implementations. The goal is to supply the system designer with tools that will allow a rational decision to be made about whether a particular implementation can support a given application early in the design cycle. Primary activities were: analysis of the original approach to recovery in distributed Ada programs using the Advanced Transport Operating System (ATOPS) example; review and assessment of the original approach which was found to be capable of improvement; preparation and presentation of a paper at the 1987 Washington DC Ada Symposium; development of a refined approach to recovery that is presently being applied to the ATOPS example; and design and development of a performance assessment scheme for Ada programs based on a flexible user-driven benchmarking system.

Ada (Trade Name) Compiler Validation Summary Report: IBM Corporation. IBM Development System for the Ada Language System, Version 1.1.0, IBM 4381 under VM/SP CMS, Release 3.6.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-19

System for the Ada Language System, Version 1.1.0, 1.% International Business Machines Corporation, Wright-Patterson AFB. IBM 4381 under VM/SP CMS...THIS PAGE (When Data Enre’ed) AVF Control Number: AVF-VSR-82.1087 87-03-10-TEL ! Ada® COMPILER VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT: International Business Machines...Organization (AVO). On-site testing was conducted from !8 May 1987 through 19 May 1987 at International Business Machines -orporation, San Diego CA. 1.2

ART/Ada design project, phase 1. Task 3 report: Test plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allen, Bradley P.

1988-01-01

The plan is described for the integrated testing and benchmark of Phase Ada based ESBT Design Research Project. The integration testing is divided into two phases: (1) the modules that do not rely on the Ada code generated by the Ada Generator are tested before the Ada Generator is implemented; and (2) all modules are integrated and tested with the Ada code generated by the Ada Generator. Its performance and size as well as its functionality is verified in this phase. The target platform is a DEC Ada compiler on VAX mini-computers and VAX stations running the VMS operating system.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report. Certificate Number: 890118W1. 10017 Harris Corporation, Computer Systems Division Harris Ada, Version 5.0 Harris HCX-9 Host and Harris NH-3800 Target

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-17

6Is OBsO.[il I J)A s3 0,2O-L,-01,-5601 UNCLASSIFIED Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report : Compiler Name: Harris Ada, Version 5.0 Certificate Number...United States Department of Defense Washington DC 20301-3081 Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report : Compiler Name: Harris Ada, Version 5.0 Certificate...O RE[PP" 9 PEA= COVELRD Ada Corpiler Validation SummT, ary Repor6:Hnrris 17 Jan 19S9 to 17 Jan 1990 Corporation, Computer SYLeIns Di%ision, Harris Ada

AdaNET phase 0 support for the AdaNET Dynamic Software Inventory (DSI) management system prototype. Catalog of available reusable software components

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hanley, Lionel

1989-01-01

The Ada Software Repository is a public-domain collection of Ada software and information. The Ada Software Repository is one of several repositories located on the SIMTEL20 Defense Data Network host computer at White Sands Missile Range, and available to any host computer on the network since 26 November 1984. This repository provides a free source for Ada programs and information. The Ada Software Repository is divided into several subdirectories. These directories are organized by topic, and their names and a brief overview of their topics are contained. The Ada Software Repository on SIMTEL20 serves two basic roles: to promote the exchange and use (reusability) of Ada programs and tools (including components) and to promote Ada education.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number 890627W1. 10103 Harris Corporation, Computer Systems Division, Harris Ada, Version 5.0 Harris H1000

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-06-27

Department of Defense Washington DC 20301-3081 Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report : Compiler Name: Harris Ada, Version 5.0 Certificate Number...890627W1.10103 Host: Harris HIOO0 under VOS, E.i Target: Harris HiO00 under VOS, E.1 Testing Completed June 27, 1989 using ACVC 1.10 This report has been...arris Corporation, Computer Systems Division Harris Ada, Version 5.0, Harris H1000 under VOS, 8.1 (Host & Target), Wright-Patterson AFB, ACVC 1.10 DD

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 901212I1. 11120 Tartan Inc., Tartan Ada VMS/960MC Version 4.0 VAXstation 3100 = Intel ICE960/25 on an VMS 5.2 Intel EXV80960MC Board

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-09

5.2 (Target), 90121211 .11120 6. AUTHOR( S ) IABG-AVFT IOttobrunn, Federal Republic of Germany 7 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME( S ) AND ADDRESS(ES) N-1...FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY 9 SPONSORINGMONITORING AGENCY NAME( S ) AND ADDRESS( ES) 10. SPONSORING/ONITORING AGENCY Ada Joint Program Office REPORT NUMBER...Ada implementacion for which validation status is realized. Host Computer A computer system where Ada source programs are transformec System into

Implementing an ADA Kernel on NEBULA.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-08-01

physical address(es). No instruction supports directly semaphore operations , or spin-locks, or other entities used in the synchronisation of tasks...these operations It is found that NEBULA supports admirably the control structures oil Ada, but its Memory Mamagement system is not very suitable. Entry... operating system . With the advent of Ada, in theory at least, the whole program can be written in Ada in a manner that is independent of the computer and of

Analytical performances of the Diazyme ADA assay on the Cobas® 6000 system.

PubMed

Delacour, Hervé; Sauvanet, Christophe; Ceppa, Franck; Burnat, Pascal

2010-12-01

To evaluate the analytical performance of the Diazyme ADA assay on the Cobas® 6000 system for pleural fluid samples analysis. Imprecision, linearity, calibration curve stability, interference, and correlation studies were completed. The Diazyme ADA assay demonstrated excellent precision (CV<4%) over the analytical measurement range (0.5-117 U/L). Bilirubin above 50 μmol/L and haemoglobin above 177 μmol/L interfered with the test, inducing a negative and a positive interference respectively. The Diazyme ADA assay correlated well with the Giusti method (r(2)=0.93) but exhibited a negative bias (~ -30%). The Diazyme ADA assay on the Cobas® 6000 system represents a rapid, accurate, precise and reliable method for determination of ADA activity in pleural fluid samples. Copyright © 2010 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Calibration and Validation of the COCOMO II.1997.0 Cost/Schedule Estimating Model to the Space and Missile Systems Center Database

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-09-01

Daly chose five models (REVIC, PRICE-S, SEER, System-4, and SPQR /20) to estimate schedule for 21 separate projects from the Electronic System Division...PRICE-S, two variants of COCOMO, System-3, SPQR /20, SASET, SoftCost-Ada) to 11 eight Ada specific programs. Ada was specifically designed for and is

Computer-aided system design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walker, Carrie K.

1991-01-01

A technique has been developed for combining features of a systems architecture design and assessment tool and a software development tool. This technique reduces simulation development time and expands simulation detail. The Architecture Design and Assessment System (ADAS), developed at the Research Triangle Institute, is a set of computer-assisted engineering tools for the design and analysis of computer systems. The ADAS system is based on directed graph concepts and supports the synthesis and analysis of software algorithms mapped to candidate hardware implementations. Greater simulation detail is provided by the ADAS functional simulator. With the functional simulator, programs written in either Ada or C can be used to provide a detailed description of graph nodes. A Computer-Aided Software Engineering tool developed at the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory (CSDL CASE) automatically generates Ada or C code from engineering block diagram specifications designed with an interactive graphical interface. A technique to use the tools together has been developed, which further automates the design process.

The development of a program analysis environment for Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, David B.; Carlisle, Homer W.; Chang, Kai-Hsiung; Cross, James H.; Deason, William H.; Haga, Kevin D.; Huggins, John R.; Keleher, William R. A.; Starke, Benjamin B.; Weyrich, Orville R.

1989-01-01

A unit level, Ada software module testing system, called Query Utility Environment for Software Testing of Ada (QUEST/Ada), is described. The project calls for the design and development of a prototype system. QUEST/Ada design began with a definition of the overall system structure and a description of component dependencies. The project team was divided into three groups to resolve the preliminary designs of the parser/scanner: the test data generator, and the test coverage analyzer. The Phase 1 report is a working document from which the system documentation will evolve. It provides history, a guide to report sections, a literature review, the definition of the system structure and high level interfaces, descriptions of the prototype scope, the three major components, and the plan for the remainder of the project. The appendices include specifications, statistics, two papers derived from the current research, a preliminary users' manual, and the proposal and work plan for Phase 2.

Injury mitigation estimates for an intersection driver assistance system in straight crossing path crashes in the United States.

PubMed

Scanlon, John M; Sherony, Rini; Gabler, Hampton C

2017-05-29

Accounting for one fifth of all crashes and one sixth of all fatal crashes in the United States, intersection crashes are among the most frequent and fatal crash modes. Intersection advanced driver assistance systems (I-ADAS) are emerging vehicle-based active safety systems that aim to help drivers safely navigate intersections. The objective of this study was to estimate the number of crashes and number of vehicles with a seriously injured driver (Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale [MAIS] 3+) that could be prevented or reduced if, for every straight crossing path (SCP) intersection crash, one of the vehicles had been equipped with an I-ADAS. This study retrospectively simulated 448 U.S. SCP crashes as if one of the vehicles had been equipped with I-ADAS. Crashes were reconstructed to determine the path and speeds traveled by the vehicles. Cases were then simulated with I-ADAS. A total of 30 variations of I-ADAS were considered in this study. These variations consisted of 5 separate activation timing thresholds, 3 separate computational latency times, and 2 different I-ADAS response modalities (i.e., a warning or autonomous braking). The likelihood of a serious driver injury was computed for every vehicle in every crash using impact delta-V. The results were then compiled across all crashes in order to estimate system effectiveness. The model predicted that an I-ADAS that delivers an alert to the driver has the potential to prevent 0-23% of SCP crashes and 0-25% of vehicles with a seriously injured driver. Conversely, an I-ADAS that autonomously brakes was found to have the potential to prevent 25-59% of crashes and 38-79% of vehicles with a seriously injured driver. I-ADAS effectiveness is a strong function of design. Increasing computational latency time from 0 to 0.5 s was found to reduce crash and injury prevention estimates by approximately one third. For an I-ADAS that delivers an alert, crash/injury prevention effectiveness was found to be very sensitive to changes in activation timing (warning delivered 1.0 to 3.0 s prior to impact). If autonomous braking was used, system effectiveness was found to largely plateau for activation timings greater than 1.5 s prior to impact. In general, the results of this study suggest that I-ADAS will be 2-3 times more effective if an autonomous braking system is utilized over a warning-based system. This study highlights the potential effectiveness of I-ADAS in the U.S. vehicle fleet, while also indicating the sensitivity of system effectiveness to design specifications. The results of this study should be considered by designers of I-ADAS and evaluators of this technology considering a future I-ADAS safety test.

An enhanced Ada run-time system for real-time embedded processors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sims, J. T.

1991-01-01

An enhanced Ada run-time system has been developed to support real-time embedded processor applications. The primary focus of this development effort has been on the tasking system and the memory management facilities of the run-time system. The tasking system has been extended to support efficient and precise periodic task execution as required for control applications. Event-driven task execution providing a means of task-asynchronous control and communication among Ada tasks is supported in this system. Inter-task control is even provided among tasks distributed on separate physical processors. The memory management system has been enhanced to provide object allocation and protected access support for memory shared between disjoint processors, each of which is executing a distinct Ada program.

Environmental Services from Agricultural Stormwater Detention Systems in Florida

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shukla, A.; Shukla, S.; Knowles, J. M.

2011-12-01

Agricultural Stormwater Detention Areas (ADAs) commonly exist for the purpose of downstream flood protection in high water table regions of Florida. In addition to flood protection, they are also considered an important Best Management Practice due to their presumed effectiveness in reducing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loads to the Kissimmee-Lake Okeechobee-Everglades (KLE) ecosystem. The KLE ecosystem has been adversely impacted due to excessive P loads. Despite their presumed water quality effectiveness, limited data exist on actual N and P treatment efficiencies. A study was conducted at two ADAs (ADA 1 and ADA 2) located in two row crop farms to quantify the total N and P treatment efficiencies. Water, N, and P inflow and outflows at both ADAs were monitored for a year. Results from ADA 1 suggested that P treatment efficiency was below zero indicating that the ADA was a source of P rather than a sink. On the other hand, N treatment efficiency was found to be 20%. Mean inflow and outflow N concentrations for ADA 1 were 1.6 and 1.4 mg/l respectively, indicating a 9% reduction. Mean inflow and outflow P concentrations were 0.04 and 0.06 mg/l respectively, showing an increase of 67%. Although ADA 1 was effective in retaining N it was not for P. In contrast to ADA 1, the P treatment efficiency of ADA 2 was positive (20%). Nitrogen treatment efficiency of ADA 2 was 22%. Mean inflow and outflow N concentrations for ADA 2 were 4.0 and 2.0 mg/l respectively, indicating 50% reduction. A reduction of 32% was observed for P concentrations with mean inflow and outflow P concentrations of 0.5 and 0.3 mg/l respectively. No P retention at ADA 1 was mainly due to low P adsorption capacity of the soil. Analysis of surface (0-10 cm) and subsurface (10-20 cm) soil P retention characteristics suggested that ADA 1 had no remaining P storage capacity which resulted in it being a source of P. At ADA 2, a large fraction of the area still had P storage capacity which resulted in positive treatment efficiency. Several modifications were identified for the two ADAs to increase N and P treatment efficiencies. These modifications include increasing the travel time, available water storage, changing inflow locations, modifying outlet control structure and biomass harvesting. Biomass harvesting has the potential to make these systems play an important role in providing environmental services. The harvested biomass can not only remove N and P from the system but also acts as a source of bioenergy feedstock. Biomass N and P storage at ADA 2 suggested that harvesting of easily accessible biomass could account for removal of 157 kg from the ADA which accounts for 76% of the annual P retention. Biomass harvesting can become a potential source of additional income for producers for providing the environmental services of not only additional nutrient treatment but also bioenergy. The comparison between these two ADAs suggested that the P treatment by these systems can vary considerably depending on hydraulic, hydrologic, soil, and vegetation characteristics. Future research needs for making these systems provide additional environmental services such as increased P treatment, bioenergy, and carbon sequestration were identified.

Applying Ada to Beech Starship avionics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Funk, David W.

1986-01-01

As Ada solidified in its development, it became evident that it offered advantages for avionics systems because of it support for modern software engineering principles and real time applications. An Ada programming support environment was developed for two major avionics subsystems in the Beech Starship. The two subsystems include electronic flight instrument displays and the flight management computer system. Both of these systems use multiple Intel 80186 microprocessors. The flight management computer provides flight planning, navigation displays, primary flight display of checklists and other pilot advisory information. Together these systems represent nearly 80,000 lines of Ada source code and to date approximately 30 man years of effort. The Beech Starship avionics systems are in flight testing.

49 CFR 37.85 - Purchase or lease of new intercity and commuter rail cars.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Purchase or lease of new intercity and commuter rail cars. 37.85 Section 37.85 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Acquisition of Accessible Vehicles By Public Entities § 37...

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 880318W1. 09041, International Business Machines Corporation, IBM Development System for the Ada Language, Version 2.1.0, IBM 4381 under VM/HPO, Host and Target

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-28

International Business Machines Corporation IBM Development System for the Ada Language, Version 2.1.0 IBM 4381 under VM/HPO, host and target DTIC...necessary and identify by block number) International Business Machines Corporation, IBM Development System for the Ada Language, Version 2.1.0, IBM...in the compiler listed in this declaration. I declare that International Business Machines Corporation is the owner of record of the object code of the

Development of an Ada package library

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burton, Bruce; Broido, Michael

1986-01-01

A usable prototype Ada package library was developed and is currently being evaluated for use in large software development efforts. The library system is comprised of an Ada-oriented design language used to facilitate the collection of reuse information, a relational data base to store reuse information, a set of reusable Ada components and tools, and a set of guidelines governing the system's use. The prototyping exercise is discussed and the lessons learned from it have led to the definition of a comprehensive tool set to facilitate software reuse.

Analysis and specification tools in relation to the APSE

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hendricks, John W.

1986-01-01

Ada and the Ada Programming Support Environment (APSE) specifically address the phases of the system/software life cycle which follow after the user's problem was translated into system and software development specifications. The waterfall model of the life cycle identifies the analysis and requirements definition phases as preceeding program design and coding. Since Ada is a programming language and the APSE is a programming support environment, they are primarily targeted to support program (code) development, tecting, and maintenance. The use of Ada based or Ada related specification languages (SLs) and program design languages (PDLs) can extend the use of Ada back into the software design phases of the life cycle. Recall that the standardization of the APSE as a programming support environment is only now happening after many years of evolutionary experience with diverse sets of programming support tools. Restricting consideration to one, or even a few chosen specification and design tools, could be a real mistake for an organization or a major project such as the Space Station, which will need to deal with an increasingly complex level of system problems. To require that everything be Ada-like, be implemented in Ada, run directly under the APSE, and fit into a rigid waterfall model of the life cycle would turn a promising support environment into a straight jacket for progress.

GRASP/Ada: Graphical Representations of Algorithms, Structures, and Processes for Ada. The development of a program analysis environment for Ada: Reverse engineering tools for Ada, task 2, phase 3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cross, James H., II

1991-01-01

The main objective is the investigation, formulation, and generation of graphical representations of algorithms, structures, and processes for Ada (GRASP/Ada). The presented task, in which various graphical representations that can be extracted or generated from source code are described and categorized, is focused on reverse engineering. The following subject areas are covered: the system model; control structure diagram generator; object oriented design diagram generator; user interface; and the GRASP library.

Ada 9X overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weller, David G.

1992-01-01

The current version of Ada has been an ANSI standard since 1983. In 1988, the Ada Joint Program Office was tasked with reevaluating the language and proposing changes to the standard. Since that time, the world has seen a tremendous explosion in object-oriented languages, as well as other growing fields such as distributed computing and support for very large software systems. The speaker will discuss new features being added to the next version of Ada, currently called Ada 9X, and what transition issues must be considered for current Ada projects.

USCA, a codeveloped piece of technology, is presented to Bridges, KSC Director, by Saputo, L-3 Commu

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

William Saputo, L-3 Communications, presents a new piece of technology, developed through a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) partnership with industry, to Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Director Roy Bridges, Jr. (second from left). The piece of technology being presented, the Universal Signal Conditioning Amplifier (USCA), is a key component of the codeveloped Automated Data Acquisition System (ADAS) that measures temperature, pressure and vibration at KSC's launch pads. The breakthrough technology is expected to reduce sensor setup and configuration times from hours to seconds. KSC teamed up with Florida's Technological Research and Development Authority and manufacturer L-3 Communications to produce a system that would benefit the aerospace industry and other commercial markets.

Economic evaluation of tocilizumab monotherapy compared to adalimumab monotherapy in the treatment of severe active rheumatoid arthritis.

PubMed

Carlson, Josh J; Ogale, Sarika; Dejonckheere, Fred; Sullivan, Sean D

2015-03-01

To estimate the cost-effectiveness of tocilizumab (TCZ) monotherapy (Mono) versus adalimumab (ADA) Mono from the US payer perspective in patients with rheumatoid arthritis for whom methotrexate is inappropriate. We compared TCZ Mono (8 mg/kg monthly) with ADA Mono (40 mg every other week), using efficacy results from a head-to-head study, ADalimumab ACTemrA (ADACTA). We calculated the incremental cost per responder (achievement of American College of Rheumatology [ACR] 20% improvement criteria, ACR 50% improvement criteria, ACR 70% improvement criteria, or low disease activity score) for TCZ versus ADA at 6 months. A patient-level simulation was used to estimate the lifetime incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) of initiating treatment with TCZ Mono versus ADA Mono. Both drugs are followed by an etanercept-certolizumab-palliative care sequence. Nonresponders discontinue at 6 months; responders experience a constant probability of discontinuation. Discontinuers move to the next treatment. ACR responses produce changes in the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score. We mapped the HAQ score to utility to estimate QALYs. Costs include those related to hospitalization and those related to treatment (drug acquisition, administration, and monitoring). Probabilistic and one-way sensitivity analyses were conducted, along with several scenario analyses. Compared with ADA, TCZ was more effective, with an estimated 6-month incremental cost ranging from $6,570 per additional low disease activity score achiever to $14,265 per additional ACR 70% improvement criteria responder. The lifetime incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $36,944/QALY. TCZ Mono is projected to be cost-effective compared with ADA Mono in patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis for whom methotrexate is not appropriate, from a US payer perspective. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Knowledge, programming, and programming cultures: LISP, C, and Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rochowiak, Daniel

1990-01-01

The results of research 'Ada as an implementation language for knowledge based systems' are presented. The purpose of the research was to compare Ada to other programming languages. The report focuses on the programming languages Ada, C, and Lisp, the programming cultures that surround them, and the programming paradigms they support.

Benchmark Lisp And Ada Programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davis, Gloria; Galant, David; Lim, Raymond; Stutz, John; Gibson, J.; Raghavan, B.; Cheesema, P.; Taylor, W.

1992-01-01

Suite of nonparallel benchmark programs, ELAPSE, designed for three tests: comparing efficiency of computer processing via Lisp vs. Ada; comparing efficiencies of several computers processing via Lisp; or comparing several computers processing via Ada. Tests efficiency which computer executes routines in each language. Available for computer equipped with validated Ada compiler and/or Common Lisp system.

Embedded CLIPS for SDI BM/C3 simulation and analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gossage, Brett; Nanney, Van

1990-01-01

Nichols Research Corporation is developing the BM/C3 Requirements Analysis Tool (BRAT) for the U.S. Army Strategic Defense Command. BRAT uses embedded CLIPS/Ada to model the decision making processes used by the human commander of a defense system. Embedding CLlPS/Ada in BRAT allows the user to explore the role of the human in Command and Control (C2) and the use of expert systems for automated C2. BRAT models assert facts about the current state of the system, the simulated scenario, and threat information into CLIPS/Ada. A user-defined rule set describes the decision criteria for the commander. We have extended CLIPS/Ada with user-defined functions that allow the firing of a rule to invoke a system action such as weapons release or a change in strategy. The use of embedded CLIPS/Ada will provide a powerful modeling tool for our customer at minimal cost.

Software Technology for Adaptable, Reliable Systems (STARS). Repository Integration AdaKNET Software User’s Manual

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-10-03

9 4.1. Mapping the Conceptual Model to the Implementation ................................................ 9 4.2. Overview of...browser-editor application. Finally, appendix A provides a detailed description of the AdaKNET conceptual model; users of AdaKNET should fami...provide a brief summary of the semantics of the underlying conceptual model implemented by AdaKNET, use of the AdaKNET ADT will require a more thorough

An Ada inference engine for expert systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lavallee, David B.

1986-01-01

The purpose is to investigate the feasibility of using Ada for rule-based expert systems with real-time performance requirements. This includes exploring the Ada features which give improved performance to expert systems as well as optimizing the tradeoffs or workarounds that the use of Ada may require. A prototype inference engine was built using Ada, and rule firing rates in excess of 500 per second were demonstrated on a single MC68000 processor. The knowledge base uses a directed acyclic graph to represent production lines. The graph allows the use of AND, OR, and NOT logical operators. The inference engine uses a combination of both forward and backward chaining in order to reach goals as quickly as possible. Future efforts will include additional investigation of multiprocessing to improve performance and creating a user interface allowing rule input in an Ada-like syntax. Investigation of multitasking and alternate knowledge base representations will help to analyze some of the performance issues as they relate to larger problems.

Using Ada: The deeper challenges

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feinberg, David A.

1986-01-01

The Ada programming language and the associated Ada Programming Support Environment (APSE) and Ada Run Time Environment (ARTE) provide the potential for significant life-cycle cost reductions in computer software development and maintenance activities. The Ada programming language itself is standardized, trademarked, and controlled via formal validation procedures. Though compilers are not yet production-ready as most would desire, the technology for constructing them is sufficiently well known and understood that time and money should suffice to correct current deficiencies. The APSE and ARTE are, on the other hand, significantly newer issues within most software development and maintenance efforts. Currently, APSE and ARTE are highly dependent on differing implementer concepts, strategies, and market objectives. Complex and sophisticated mission-critical computing systems require the use of a complete Ada-based capability, not just the programming language itself; yet the range of APSE and ARTE features which must actually be utilized can vary significantly from one system to another. As a consequence, the need to understand, objectively evaluate, and select differing APSE and ARTE capabilities and features is critical to the effective use of Ada and the life-cycle efficiencies it is intended to promote. It is the selection, collection, and understanding of APSE and ARTE which provide the deeper challenges of using Ada for real-life mission-critical computing systems. Some of the current issues which must be clarified, often on a case-by-case basis, in order to successfully realize the full capabilities of Ada are discussed.

Hiring discrimination against people with disabilities under the ADA: characteristics of charging parties.

PubMed

McMahon, Brian T; Roessler, Richard; Rumrill, Philip D; Hurley, Jessica E; West, Steven L; Chan, Fong; Carlson, Linnea

2008-06-01

This article describes findings from a causal comparative study of the characteristics of Charging Parties who filed allegations of Hiring discrimination with the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) under Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) between 1992 and 2005. Charging Party Characteristics derived from 19,527 closed Hiring allegations are compared and contrasted to 259,680 closed allegations aggregated from six other prevalent forms of discrimination including Discharge and Constructive Discharge, Reasonable Accommodation, Disability Harassment and Intimidation, and Terms and Conditions of Employment. Tests of Proportion distributed as chi-square are used to form comparisons along a variety of factors including age, gender, impairment, and ethnicity. Most allegations of ADA job discrimination fall into the realm of job retention and career advancement as opposed to job acquisition. Hiring allegations, however, tend to be filed by Charging Parties who are disproportionately male, younger or older applicants, white, and coping with physical or sensory disabilities. Prevailing theories about stigma suggest that negative attitudes are more prevalent toward persons with behavioral disabilities. However, this study provides clear evidence that one behavioral manifestation of negative attitudes, Hiring discrimination, is more often directed at persons with physical or sensory impairments. More outreach regarding ADA rights appears indicated for individuals who share the aforementioned characteristics.

Software-safety and software quality assurance in real-time applications Part 2: Real-time structures and languages

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schoitsch, Erwin

1988-07-01

Our society is depending more and more on the reliability of embedded (real-time) computer systems even in every-day life. Considering the complexity of the real world, this might become a severe threat. Real-time programming is a discipline important not only in process control and data acquisition systems, but also in fields like communication, office automation, interactive databases, interactive graphics and operating systems development. General concepts of concurrent programming and constructs for process-synchronization are discussed in detail. Tasking and synchronization concepts, methods of process communication, interrupt- and timeout handling in systems based on semaphores, signals, conditional critical regions or on real-time languages like Concurrent PASCAL, MODULA, CHILL and ADA are explained and compared with each other and with respect to their potential to quality and safety.

Constructing a working taxonomy of functional Ada software components for real-time embedded system applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wallace, Robert

1986-01-01

A major impediment to a systematic attack on Ada software reusability is the lack of an effective taxonomy for software component functions. The scope of all possible applications of Ada software is considered too great to allow the practical development of a working taxonomy. Instead, for the purposes herein, the scope of Ada software application is limited to device and subsystem control in real-time embedded systems. A functional approach is taken in constructing the taxonomy tree for identified Ada domain. The use of modular software functions as a starting point fits well with the object oriented programming philosophy of Ada. Examples of the types of functions represented within the working taxonomy are real time kernels, interrupt service routines, synchronization and message passing, data conversion, digital filtering and signal conditioning, and device control. The constructed taxonomy is proposed as a framework from which a need analysis can be performed to reveal voids in current Ada real-time embedded programming efforts for Space Station.

A database management capability for Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chan, Arvola; Danberg, SY; Fox, Stephen; Landers, Terry; Nori, Anil; Smith, John M.

1986-01-01

The data requirements of mission critical defense systems have been increasing dramatically. Command and control, intelligence, logistics, and even weapons systems are being required to integrate, process, and share ever increasing volumes of information. To meet this need, systems are now being specified that incorporate data base management subsystems for handling storage and retrieval of information. It is expected that a large number of the next generation of mission critical systems will contain embedded data base management systems. Since the use of Ada has been mandated for most of these systems, it is important to address the issues of providing data base management capabilities that can be closely coupled with Ada. A comprehensive distributed data base management project has been investigated. The key deliverables of this project are three closely related prototype systems implemented in Ada. These three systems are discussed.

ADA (adenosine deaminase) gene therapy enters the competition

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Culliton, B.J.

Around the world, some 70 children are members of a select and deadly club. Born with an immune deficiency so severe that they will die of infection unless their immune systems can be repaired, they have captured the attention of would-be gene therapists who believe that a handful of these kids--the 15 or 20 who lack functioning levels of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA)--could be saved by a healthy ADA gene. A team of gene therapists is ready to put the theory to the test. In April 1987, a team of NIH researchers headed by R. Michael Blaese and W.more » French Anderson came up with the first formal protocol to introduce a healthy ADA gene into an unhealthy human. After 3 years of line-by-line scrutiny by five review committees, they have permission to go ahead. Two or three children will be treated in the next year, and will be infused with T lymphocytes carrying the gene for ADA. If the experiment works, the ADA gene will begin producing normal amounts of ADA. An interesting feature of ADA deficiency, that makes it ideal for initial gene studies, is that the amount of ADA one needs for a healthy immune system is quite variable. Hence, once inside a patient's T cells, the new ADA gene needs only to express the enzyme in moderate amounts. No precise gene regulation is necessary.« less

The implementation and use of Ada on distributed systems with high reliability requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knight, J. C.; Gregory, S. T.; Urquhart, J. I. A.

1984-01-01

The use and implementation of Ada (a trade mark of the US Dept. of Defense) in distributed environments in which the hardware are assumed to be unreliable were investigated. The possibility that a distributed system is programmed entirely in Ada so that the individual tasks of the system are unconcerned with which processors they are executing on and failures occurring in the underlying hardware were examined.

Compiling knowledge-based systems specified in KEE to Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Filman, Robert E.; Feldman, Roy D.

1991-01-01

The first year of the PrKAda project is recounted. The primary goal was to develop a system for delivering Artificial Intelligence applications developed in the ProKappa system in a pure-Ada environment. The following areas are discussed: the ProKappa core and ProTalk programming language; the current status of the implementation; the limitations and restrictions of the current system; and the development of Ada-language message handlers in the ProKappa environment.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report. Certificate Number: 891129W1. 10198 International Business Machines Corporation, the IBM Development System for the Ada Language AIX/RT Follow-on, Version 1.1 IBM RT Follow-on. Completion of On-Site Testing: 29 November 1989

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-11-29

nvmbe’j International Business Machines Corporation Wright-Patterson AFB, The IBM Development System for the Ada Language AIX/RT follow-on, Version 1.1...Certificate Number: 891129W1.10198 International Business Machines Corporation The IBM Development System for the Ada Language AIX/RT Follow-on, Version 1.1 IBM...scripts provided by International Business Machines Corporation and reviewed by the validation team. The compiler was tested using all the following

Comparing host and target environments for distributed Ada programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Paulk, Mark C.

1986-01-01

The Ada programming language provides a means of specifying logical concurrency by using multitasking. Extending the Ada multitasking concurrency mechanism into a physically concurrent distributed environment which imposes its own requirements can lead to incompatibilities. These problems are discussed. Using distributed Ada for a target system may be appropriate, but when using the Ada language in a host environment, a multiprocessing model may be more suitable than retargeting an Ada compiler for the distributed environment. The tradeoffs between multitasking on distributed targets and multiprocessing on distributed hosts are discussed. Comparisons of the multitasking and multiprocessing models indicate different areas of application.

Applications of an architecture design and assessment system (ADAS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gray, F. Gail; Debrunner, Linda S.; White, Tennis S.

1988-01-01

A new Architecture Design and Assessment System (ADAS) tool package is introduced, and a range of possible applications is illustrated. ADAS was used to evaluate the performance of an advanced fault-tolerant computer architecture in a modern flight control application. Bottlenecks were identified and possible solutions suggested. The tool was also used to inject faults into the architecture and evaluate the synchronization algorithm, and improvements are suggested. Finally, ADAS was used as a front end research tool to aid in the design of reconfiguration algorithms in a distributed array architecture.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 890420W1. 10074 International Business Machines Corporation, IBM Development System for the Ada Language MVS Ada Compiler, Version 2.1.1 IBM 4381 (Host and Target)

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-04-20

20. ARS1AAI . (Contimne on reverse side olnetessary *rwenPtif) by bfoci nur~be’) International Business Machines Corporation, IBM Development System...Number: AVF-VSR-261.0789 89-01-26-TEL Ada COMPILER VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT: Certificate Number: 890420W1.10074 International Business Machines...computer. The compiler was tested using command scripts provided by International Business Machines Corporation and reviewed by the validation team. The

49 CFR 37.93 - One car per train rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false One car per train rule. 37.93 Section 37.93... DISABILITIES (ADA) Acquisition of Accessible Vehicles By Public Entities § 37.93 One car per train rule. (a) The definition of accessible for purposes of meeting the one car per train rule is spelled out in the...

49 CFR 37.93 - One car per train rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false One car per train rule. 37.93 Section 37.93... DISABILITIES (ADA) Acquisition of Accessible Vehicles By Public Entities § 37.93 One car per train rule. (a) The definition of accessible for purposes of meeting the one car per train rule is spelled out in the...

49 CFR 37.93 - One car per train rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false One car per train rule. 37.93 Section 37.93... DISABILITIES (ADA) Acquisition of Accessible Vehicles By Public Entities § 37.93 One car per train rule. (a) The definition of accessible for purposes of meeting the one car per train rule is spelled out in the...

49 CFR 37.93 - One car per train rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false One car per train rule. 37.93 Section 37.93... DISABILITIES (ADA) Acquisition of Accessible Vehicles By Public Entities § 37.93 One car per train rule. (a) The definition of accessible for purposes of meeting the one car per train rule is spelled out in the...

49 CFR 37.93 - One car per train rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false One car per train rule. 37.93 Section 37.93... DISABILITIES (ADA) Acquisition of Accessible Vehicles By Public Entities § 37.93 One car per train rule. (a) The definition of accessible for purposes of meeting the one car per train rule is spelled out in the...

Ada (Tradename) Compiler Validation Summary Report. Harris Corporation. Harris Ada Compiler, Version 1.0. Harris HCX-7.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-06-12

owp-fts 677 RDA (TRRDENE) COMPILER VALIDATION SUMAY REPORT III HARRIS CORPORATION MAR.. (U) INFORMATION SYSTEMS AM TECHNOLOGY CENTER N-P AFI OM ADA...Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report : 12 .UN 1986 to 12 JUN1 1987 Harris Corporation, Harris Ada Compiler...Version 1.0, Harris HCX-7 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHOR(s) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERs) Wright-Patterson 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION AND

Experience with the CAIS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tighe, Michael F.

1986-01-01

Intermetrics' experience is that the Ada package construct, which allows separation of specification and implementation allows specification of a CAIS that is transportable across varying hardware and software bases. Additionally, the CAIS is an excellent basis for providing operating system functionality to Ada applications. By allowing the Byron APSE to be moved easily from system to system, and allowing significant re-writes of underlying code. Ada and the CAIS provide portability as well as transparency to change at the application operating system interface level.

Ada (Tradename) Compiler Validation Summary Report. International Business Machines Corporation. IBM Development System for the Ada Language for VM/CMS, Version 1.0. IBM 4381 (IBM System/370) under VM/CMS.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-04-29

COMPILER VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT: International Business Machines Corporation IBM Development System for the Ada Language for VM/CMS, Version 1.0 IBM 4381...tested using command scripts provided by International Business Machines Corporation. These scripts were reviewed by the validation team. Test.s were run...s): IBM 4381 (System/370) Operating System: VM/CMS, release 3.6 International Business Machines Corporation has made no deliberate extensions to the

Pseudomonas putida AlkA and AlkB Proteins Comprise Different Defense Systems for the Repair of Alkylation Damage to DNA – In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Studies

PubMed Central

Mielecki, Damian; Saumaa, Signe; Wrzesiński, Michał; Maciejewska, Agnieszka M.; Żuchniewicz, Karolina; Sikora, Anna; Piwowarski, Jan; Nieminuszczy, Jadwiga; Kivisaar, Maia; Grzesiuk, Elżbieta

2013-01-01

Alkylating agents introduce cytotoxic and/or mutagenic lesions to DNA bases leading to induction of adaptive (Ada) response, a mechanism protecting cells against deleterious effects of environmental chemicals. In Escherichia coli, the Ada response involves expression of four genes: ada, alkA, alkB, and aidB. In Pseudomonas putida, the organization of Ada regulon is different, raising questions regarding regulation of Ada gene expression. The aim of the presented studies was to analyze the role of AlkA glycosylase and AlkB dioxygenase in protecting P. putida cells against damage to DNA caused by alkylating agents. The results of bioinformatic analysis, of survival and mutagenesis of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) or N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) treated P. putida mutants in ada, alkA and alkB genes as well as assay of promoter activity revealed diverse roles of Ada, AlkA and AlkB proteins in protecting cellular DNA against alkylating agents. We found AlkA protein crucial to abolish the cytotoxic but not the mutagenic effects of alkylans since: (i) the mutation in the alkA gene was the most deleterious for MMS/MNNG treated P. putida cells, (ii) the activity of the alkA promoter was Ada-dependent and the highest among the tested genes. P. putida AlkB (PpAlkB), characterized by optimal conditions for in vitro repair of specific substrates, complementation assay, and M13/MS2 survival test, allowed to establish conservation of enzymatic function of P. putida and E. coli AlkB protein. We found that the organization of P. putida Ada regulon differs from that of E. coli. AlkA protein induced within the Ada response is crucial for protecting P. putida against cytotoxicity, whereas Ada prevents the mutagenic action of alkylating agents. In contrast to E. coli AlkB (EcAlkB), PpAlkB remains beyond the Ada regulon and is expressed constitutively. It probably creates a backup system that protects P. putida strains defective in other DNA repair systems against alkylating agents of exo- and endogenous origin. PMID:24098441

Implementation of Ada protocols on Mil-STD-1553 B data bus

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ruhman, Smil; Rosemberg, Flavia

1986-01-01

Standardization activity of data communication in avionic systems started in 1968 for the purpose of total system integration and the elimination of heavy wire bundles carrying signals between various subassemblies. The growing complexity of avionic systems is straining the capabilities of MIL-STD-1553 B (first issued in 1973), but a much greater challenge to it is posed by Ada, the standard language adopted for real-time, computer embedded-systems. Hardware implementation of Ada communication protocols in a contention/token bus or token ring network is proposed. However, during the transition period when the current command/response multiplex data bus is still flourishing and the development environment for distributed multi-computer Ada systems is as yet lacking, a temporary accomodation of the standard language with the standard bus could be very useful and even highly desirable. By concentrating all status informtion and decisions at the bus controller, it was found to be possible to construct an elegant and efficient harware impelementation of the Ada protocols at the bus interface. This solution is discussed.

Alterations in the brain adenosine metabolism cause behavioral and neurological impairment in ADA-deficient mice and patients

PubMed Central

Sauer, Aisha V.; Hernandez, Raisa Jofra; Fumagalli, Francesca; Bianchi, Veronica; Poliani, Pietro L.; Dallatomasina, Chiara; Riboni, Elisa; Politi, Letterio S.; Tabucchi, Antonella; Carlucci, Filippo; Casiraghi, Miriam; Carriglio, Nicola; Cominelli, Manuela; Forcellini, Carlo Alberto; Barzaghi, Federica; Ferrua, Francesca; Minicucci, Fabio; Medaglini, Stefania; Leocani, Letizia; la Marca, Giancarlo; Notarangelo, Lucia D.; Azzari, Chiara; Comi, Giancarlo; Baldoli, Cristina; Canale, Sabrina; Sessa, Maria; D’Adamo, Patrizia; Aiuti, Alessandro

2017-01-01

Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) deficiency is an autosomal recessive variant of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) caused by systemic accumulation of ADA substrates. Neurological and behavioral abnormalities observed in ADA-SCID patients surviving after stem cell transplantation or gene therapy represent an unresolved enigma in the field. We found significant neurological and cognitive alterations in untreated ADA-SCID patients as well as in two groups of patients after short- and long-term enzyme replacement therapy with PEG-ADA. These included motor dysfunction, EEG alterations, sensorineural hypoacusia, white matter and ventricular alterations in MRI as well as a low mental development index or IQ. Ada-deficient mice were significantly less active and showed anxiety-like behavior. Molecular and metabolic analyses showed that this phenotype coincides with metabolic alterations and aberrant adenosine receptor signaling. PEG-ADA treatment corrected metabolic adenosine-based alterations, but not cellular and signaling defects, indicating an intrinsic nature of the neurological and behavioral phenotype in ADA deficiency. PMID:28074903

Alterations in the brain adenosine metabolism cause behavioral and neurological impairment in ADA-deficient mice and patients.

PubMed

Sauer, Aisha V; Hernandez, Raisa Jofra; Fumagalli, Francesca; Bianchi, Veronica; Poliani, Pietro L; Dallatomasina, Chiara; Riboni, Elisa; Politi, Letterio S; Tabucchi, Antonella; Carlucci, Filippo; Casiraghi, Miriam; Carriglio, Nicola; Cominelli, Manuela; Forcellini, Carlo Alberto; Barzaghi, Federica; Ferrua, Francesca; Minicucci, Fabio; Medaglini, Stefania; Leocani, Letizia; la Marca, Giancarlo; Notarangelo, Lucia D; Azzari, Chiara; Comi, Giancarlo; Baldoli, Cristina; Canale, Sabrina; Sessa, Maria; D'Adamo, Patrizia; Aiuti, Alessandro

2017-01-11

Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) deficiency is an autosomal recessive variant of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) caused by systemic accumulation of ADA substrates. Neurological and behavioral abnormalities observed in ADA-SCID patients surviving after stem cell transplantation or gene therapy represent an unresolved enigma in the field. We found significant neurological and cognitive alterations in untreated ADA-SCID patients as well as in two groups of patients after short- and long-term enzyme replacement therapy with PEG-ADA. These included motor dysfunction, EEG alterations, sensorineural hypoacusia, white matter and ventricular alterations in MRI as well as a low mental development index or IQ. Ada-deficient mice were significantly less active and showed anxiety-like behavior. Molecular and metabolic analyses showed that this phenotype coincides with metabolic alterations and aberrant adenosine receptor signaling. PEG-ADA treatment corrected metabolic adenosine-based alterations, but not cellular and signaling defects, indicating an intrinsic nature of the neurological and behavioral phenotype in ADA deficiency.

Ada compiler validation summary report. Certificate number: 891116W1. 10191. Intel Corporation, IPSC/2 Ada, Release 1. 1, IPSC/2 parallel supercomputer, system resource manager host and IPSC/2 parallel supercomputer, CX-1 nodes target

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1989-11-16

This VSR documents the results of the validation testing performed on an Ada compiler. Testing was carried out for the following purposes: To attempt to identify any language constructs supported by the compiler that do not conform to the Ada Standard; To attempt to identify any language constructs not supported by the compiler but required by the Ada Standard; and To determine that the implementation-dependent behavior is allowed by the Ada Standard. Testing of this compiler was conducted by SofTech, Inc. under the direction of he AVF according to procedures established by the Ada Joint Program Office and administered bymore » the Ada Validation Organization (AVO). On-side testing was completed 16 November 1989 at Aloha OR.« less

Evolution of Ada technology in the flight dynamics area: Implementation/testing phase analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Quimby, Kelvin L.; Esker, Linda; Miller, John; Smith, Laurie; Stark, Mike; Mcgarry, Frank

1989-01-01

An analysis is presented of the software engineering issues related to the use of Ada for the implementation and system testing phases of four Ada projects developed in the flight dynamics area. These projects reflect an evolving understanding of more effective use of Ada features. In addition, the testing methodology used on these projects has changed substantially from that used on previous FORTRAN projects.

Real Estate: Acquisition of Real Property and Interests Therein

DTIC Science & Technology

1970-05-14

Burleigh County Boise, Idaho .: Ada County Boston, Mass.: Essex County Middlesex County Norfolk County Plymouth County Suffolk County Bridgeport, Conn...Huntsville, Ala.: Limestone County Madison County Huron, S. Dak.: Beadle County Idaho Falls, Idaho : Bonneville County Indianapolis, Ind.: Hamilton...Lawrence–Haverhill, Mass.–N.H.: Essex County, Mass. Rockingham County, N.H. Lawton, Okla.: Comanche County Lewiston –Auburn, Maine: Androscoggin County

49 CFR 37.77 - Purchase or lease of new non-rail vehicles by public entities operating a demand responsive...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Purchase or lease of new non-rail vehicles by... DISABILITIES (ADA) Acquisition of Accessible Vehicles By Public Entities § 37.77 Purchase or lease of new non... use wheelchairs, equivalent to the level of service it provides to individuals without disabilities...

49 CFR 37.101 - Purchase or lease of vehicles by private entities not primarily engaged in the business of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Purchase or lease of vehicles by private entities not primarily engaged in the business of transporting people. 37.101 Section 37.101 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Acquisition of Accessible Vehicles by Privat...

49 CFR 37.101 - Purchase or lease of vehicles by private entities not primarily engaged in the business of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Purchase or lease of vehicles by private entities not primarily engaged in the business of transporting people. 37.101 Section 37.101 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Acquisition of Accessible Vehicles by Privat...

49 CFR 37.101 - Purchase or lease of vehicles by private entities not primarily engaged in the business of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Purchase or lease of vehicles by private entities not primarily engaged in the business of transporting people. 37.101 Section 37.101 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Acquisition of Accessible Vehicles by Privat...

Development of an Ada programming support environment database SEAD (Software Engineering and Ada Database) administration manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liaw, Morris; Evesson, Donna

1988-01-01

Software Engineering and Ada Database (SEAD) was developed to provide an information resource to NASA and NASA contractors with respect to Ada-based resources and activities which are available or underway either in NASA or elsewhere in the worldwide Ada community. The sharing of such information will reduce duplication of effort while improving quality in the development of future software systems. SEAD data is organized into five major areas: information regarding education and training resources which are relevant to the life cycle of Ada-based software engineering projects such as those in the Space Station program; research publications relevant to NASA projects such as the Space Station Program and conferences relating to Ada technology; the latest progress reports on Ada projects completed or in progress both within NASA and throughout the free world; Ada compilers and other commercial products that support Ada software development; and reusable Ada components generated both within NASA and from elsewhere in the free world. This classified listing of reusable components shall include descriptions of tools, libraries, and other components of interest to NASA. Sources for the data include technical newletters and periodicals, conference proceedings, the Ada Information Clearinghouse, product vendors, and project sponsors and contractors.

On-line upgrade of program modules using AdaPT

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Waldrop, Raymond S.; Volz, Richard A.; Smith, Gary W.; Goldsack, Stephen J.; Holzbach-Valero, A. A.

1993-01-01

One purpose of our research is the investigation of the effectiveness and expressiveness of AdaPT, a set of language extensions to Ada 83, for distributed systems. As a part of that effort, we are now investigating the subject of replacing, e.g. upgrading, software modules while the software system remains in operation. The AdaPT language extensions provide a good basis for this investigation for several reasons: they include the concept of specific, self-contained program modules which can be manipulated; support for program configuration is included in the language; and although the discussion will be in terms of the AdaPT language, the AdaPT to Ada 83 conversion methodology being developed as another part of this project will provide a basis for the application of our findings to Ada 83 and Ada 9X systems. The purpose of this investigation is to explore the basic mechanisms of the replacement process. With this purpose in mind, we will avoid including issues whose presence would obscure these basic mechanisms by introducing additional, unrelated concerns. Thus, while replacement in the presence of real-time deadlines, heterogeneous systems, and unreliable networks is certainly a topic of interest, we will first gain an understanding of the basic processes in the absence of such concerns. The extension of the replacement process to more complex situations can be made later. A previous report established an overview of the module replacement problem, a taxonomy of the various aspects of the replacement process, and a solution to one case in the replacement taxonomy. This report provides solutions to additional cases in the replacement process taxonomy: replacement of partitions with state and replacement of nodes. The solutions presented here establish the basic principles for module replacement. Extension of these solutions to other more complicated cases in the replacement taxonomy is direct, though requiring substantial work beyond the available funding.

Using Ada to implement the operations management system in a community of experts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frank, M. S.

1986-01-01

An architecture is described for the Space Station Operations Management System (OMS), consisting of a distributed expert system framework implemented in Ada. The motivation for such a scheme is based on the desire to integrate the very diverse elements of the OMS while taking maximum advantage of knowledge based systems technology. Part of the foundation of an Ada based distributed expert system was accomplished in the form of a proof of concept prototype for the KNOMES project (Knowledge-based Maintenance Expert System). This prototype successfully used concurrently active experts to accomplish monitoring and diagnosis for the Remote Manipulator System. The basic concept of this software architecture is named ACTORS for Ada Cognitive Task ORganization Scheme. It is when one considers the overall problem of integrating all of the OMS elements into a cooperative system that the AI solution stands out. By utilizing a distributed knowledge based system as the framework for OMS, it is possible to integrate those components which need to share information in an intelligent manner.

Transparent Ada rendezvous in a fault tolerant distributed system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Racine, Roger

1986-01-01

There are many problems associated with distributing an Ada program over a loosely coupled communication network. Some of these problems involve the various aspects of the distributed rendezvous. The problems addressed involve supporting the delay statement in a selective call and supporting the else clause in a selective call. Most of these difficulties are compounded by the need for an efficient communication system. The difficulties are compounded even more by considering the possibility of hardware faults occurring while the program is running. With a hardware fault tolerant computer system, it is possible to design a distribution scheme and communication software which is efficient and allows Ada semantics to be preserved. An Ada design for the communications software of one such system will be presented, including a description of the services provided in the seven layers of an International Standards Organization (ISO) Open System Interconnect (OSI) model communications system. The system capabilities (hardware and software) that allow this communication system will also be described.

Validation Summary Report: TLD Systems, Ltd., TLD HP 9000/MIL-STD-1750A Ada Compiler System, Ver 2.9.0, HP-UX Ver 7.0 (Host) to running TLDmps (Target), 920319W1.11243

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-04-30

9G.dgal. Wath ~nglon. DC 20503l 1. AGENCY USE (Leave 2. REPORT j3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES I Final: 30 April 92 4. TITLE AND 5.FUNDING Validation Summary...2-4 CHAPTER 3 PROCESSING INFORMATION 3.1 TESTING EVIRaONMflr.. ............ ............ 3-1 3.2 SUM’MARYYOOTE TRESUT ESU.L...ACVC an Ada implementation must process each test of the customized test suite according to the Ada Standard. 1.4 DEFINITION OF TERMS Ada Compiler

Integrity and security in an Ada runtime environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bown, Rodney L.

1991-01-01

A review is provided of the Formal Methods group discussions. It was stated that integrity is not a pure mathematical dual of security. The input data is part of the integrity domain. The group provided a roadmap for research. One item of the roadmap and the final position statement are closely related to the space shuttle and space station. The group's position is to use a safe subset of Ada. Examples of safe sets include the Army Secure Operating System and the Penelope Ada verification tool. It is recommended that a conservative attitude is required when writing Ada code for life and property critical systems.

Regulation of expression of the ada gene controlling the adaptive response. Interactions with the ada promoter of the Ada protein and RNA polymerase.

PubMed

Sakumi, K; Sekiguchi, M

1989-01-20

The Ada protein of Escherichia coli catalyzes transfer of methyl groups from methylated DNA to its own molecule, and the methylated form of Ada protein promotes transcription of its own gene, ada. Using an in vitro reconstituted system, we found that both the sigma factor and the methylated Ada protein are required for transcription of the ada gene. To elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of the ada transcription, we investigated interactions of the non-methylated and methylated forms of Ada protein and the RNA polymerase holo enzyme (the core enzyme and sigma factor) with a DNA fragment carrying the ada promoter region. Footprinting analyses revealed that the methylated Ada protein binds to a region from positions -63 to -31, which includes the ada regulatory sequence AAAGCGCA. No firm binding was observed with the non-methylated Ada protein, although some DNase I-hypersensitive sites were produced in the promoter by both types of Ada protein. RNA polymerase did bind to the promoter once the methylated Ada protein had bound to the upstream sequence. To correlate these phenomena with the process in vivo, we used the DNAs derived from promoter-defective mutants. No binding of Ada protein nor of RNA polymerase occurred with a mutant DNA having a C to G substitution at position -47 within the ada regulatory sequence. In the case of a -35 box mutant with a T to A change at position -34, the methylated Ada protein did bind to the ada regulatory sequence, yet there was no RNA polymerase binding. Thus, the binding of the methylated Ada protein to the upstream region apparently facilitates binding of the RNA polymerase to the proper region of the promoter. The Ada protein possesses two known methyl acceptor sites, Cys69 and Cys321. The role of methylation of each cysteine residue was investigated using mutant forms of the Ada protein. The Ada protein with the cysteine residue at position 69 replaced by alanine was incapable of binding to the ada promoter even when the cysteine residue at position 321 of the protein was methylated. When the Ada protein with alanine at position 321 was methylated, it acquired the potential to bind to the ada promoter. These results are compatible with the notion that methylation of the cysteine residue at position 69 causes a conformational change of the Ada protein, thereby facilitating binding of the protein to the upstream regulatory sequence.

The Kinetics of Antidrug Antibodies, Drug Levels, and Clinical Outcomes in Infliximab-Exposed Patients with Immune-Mediated Disorders.

PubMed

Nencini, Francesca; Vultaggio, Alessandra; Pratesi, Sara; Cammelli, Daniele; Milla, Monica; Fiori, Ginevra; Bagnoli, Siro; Prignano, Francesca; Romagnani, Sergio; Maggi, Enrico; Matucci, Andrea

2018-04-13

Hypersensitivity reactions (HRs) and loss of response (LOR) to infliximab (IFX) are related to drug immunogenicity characterized by antidrug antibodies (ADAs). To analyze the timing of ADA appearance and its relationship with drug levels and clinical outcomes in IFX-treated patients with different diseases. Samples were longitudinally collected before each infusion from 91 IFX-treated patients and were assayed for ADA and drug levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and for IgE by ImmunoCAP system. Clinical data regarding efficacy and safety of therapy were also monitored. The ADA onset occured quite early, irrespective of the type of disease, during the first year and more frequently and earlier during the second cycle of therapy. Patients with HR were more frequently ADA-positive and with higher ADA titers compared with other patient groups. ADA onset tends to precede HRs and LOR; all HRs that occur after a period of drug interruption are preceded by ADA development. Before ADA detection, a progressive decline in IFX levels until a complete disappearance was observed. The ADA titer was maintained for years both in patients with ongoing therapy and in those who interrupted it. IgE ADAs are more frequently developed in patients with higher ADA levels and earlier ADA onset, but their rate of negativization is faster. The present data suggest that most IFX-exposed patients develop ADAs within the first year of treatment irrespective of disease type. The clinical outcome to the treatment is preceded by ADA development, which in turn is associated with the reduction in drug serum levels. Both ADA evaluation and therapeutic drug monitoring may have a relevant impact on clinical practice, giving new insights to predict LOR and HRs. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Implementation of a production Ada project: The GRODY study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Godfrey, Sara; Brophy, Carolyn Elizabeth

1989-01-01

The use of the Ada language and design methodologies that encourage full use of its capabilities have a strong impact on all phases of the software development project life cycle. At the National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC), the Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL) conducted an experiment in parallel development of two flight dynamics systems in FORTRAN and Ada. The differences observed during the implementation, unit testing, and integration phases of the two projects are described and the lessons learned during the implementation phase of the Ada development are outlined. Included are recommendations for future Ada development projects.

Proceedings of the National Conference on Ada (trade mark) Technology (6th) Held on 14-18 March 1988 in Arlington, VA.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-01

Information Associate Administrator, Space (Command, Control, Communica- Resources Management , Station, NASA Headquarters, tions and Intelligence...formation Systems for C4, Washington, DC Goal. Technical and Management Services Corp., Rebecca G. Abraham, Cpt., U.S. Air Force, WPAFB, Ohio. Eatontown...Doug Samuels-Andrews AFB, MD xli Ada Implementation in Management Information Toward an Operations-Oriented Methodology for Ada Systems-Col. R

Run-time implementation issues for real-time embedded Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maule, Ruth A.

1986-01-01

A motivating factor in the development of Ada as the department of defense standard language was the high cost of embedded system software development. It was with embedded system requirements in mind that many of the features of the language were incorporated. Yet it is the designers of embedded systems that seem to comprise the majority of the Ada community dissatisfied with the language. There are a variety of reasons for this dissatisfaction, but many seem to be related in some way to the Ada run-time support system. Some of the areas in which the inconsistencies were found to have the greatest impact on performance from the standpoint of real-time systems are presented. In particular, a large part of the duties of the tasking supervisor are subject to the design decisions of the implementer. These include scheduling, rendezvous, delay processing, and task activation and termination. Some of the more general issues presented include time and space efficiencies, generic expansions, memory management, pragmas, and tracing features. As validated compilers become available for bare computer targets, it is important for a designer to be aware that, at least for many real-time issues, all validated Ada compilers are not created equal.

Alterations in the adenosine metabolism and CD39/CD73 adenosinergic machinery cause loss of Treg cell function and autoimmunity in ADA-deficient SCID.

PubMed

Sauer, Aisha V; Brigida, Immacolata; Carriglio, Nicola; Hernandez, Raisa Jofra; Scaramuzza, Samantha; Clavenna, Daniela; Sanvito, Francesca; Poliani, Pietro L; Gagliani, Nicola; Carlucci, Filippo; Tabucchi, Antonella; Roncarolo, Maria Grazia; Traggiai, Elisabetta; Villa, Anna; Aiuti, Alessandro

2012-02-09

Adenosine acts as anti-inflammatory mediator on the immune system and has been described in regulatory T cell (Treg)-mediated suppression. In the absence of adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenosine and other purine metabolites accumulate, leading to severe immunodeficiency with recurrent infections (ADA-SCID). Particularly ADA-deficient patients with late-onset forms and after enzyme replacement therapy (PEG-ADA) are known to manifest immune dysregulation. Herein we provide evidence that alterations in the purine metabolism interfere with Treg function, thereby contributing to autoimmune manifestations in ADA deficiency. Tregs isolated from PEG-ADA-treated patients are reduced in number and show decreased suppressive activity, whereas they are corrected after gene therapy. Untreated murine ADA(-/-) Tregs show alterations in the plasma membrane CD39/CD73 ectonucleotidase machinery and limited suppressive activity via extracellular adenosine. PEG-ADA-treated mice developed multiple autoantibodies and hypothyroidism in contrast to mice treated with bone marrow transplantation or gene therapy. Tregs isolated from PEG-ADA-treated mice lacked suppressive activity, suggesting that this treatment interferes with Treg functionality. The alterations in the CD39/CD73 adenosinergic machinery and loss of function in ADA-deficient Tregs provide new insights into a predisposition to autoimmunity and the underlying mechanisms causing defective peripheral tolerance in ADA-SCID.

The development of a program analysis environment for Ada: Reverse engineering tools for Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cross, James H., II

1991-01-01

The Graphical Representations of Algorithms, Structures, and Processes for Ada (GRASP/Ada) has successfully created and prototyped a new algorithm level graphical representation for Ada software, the Control Structure Diagram (CSD). The primary impetus for creation of the CSD was to improve the comprehension efficiency of Ada software and thus improve reliability and reduce costs. The emphasis was on the automatic generation of the CSD from Ada source code to support reverse engineering and maintenance. The CSD has the potential to replace traditional prettyprinted Ada source code. In Phase 1 of the GRASP/Ada project, the CSD graphical constructs were created and applied manually to several small Ada programs. A prototype (Version 1) was designed and implemented using FLEX and BISON running under the Virtual Memory System (VMS) on a VAX 11-780. In Phase 2, the prototype was improved and ported to the Sun 4 platform under UNIX. A user interface was designed and partially implemented. The prototype was applied successfully to numerous Ada programs ranging in size from several hundred to several thousand lines of source code. In Phase 3 of the project, the prototype was prepared for limited distribution (GRASP/Ada Version 3.0) to facilitate evaluation. The user interface was extensively reworked. The current prototype provides the capability for the user to generate CSD from Ada source code in a reverse engineering mode with a level of flexibility suitable for practical application.

A graphically oriented specification language for automatic code generation. GRASP/Ada: A Graphical Representation of Algorithms, Structure, and Processes for Ada, phase 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cross, James H., II; Morrison, Kelly I.; May, Charles H., Jr.; Waddel, Kathryn C.

1989-01-01

The first phase of a three-phase effort to develop a new graphically oriented specification language which will facilitate the reverse engineering of Ada source code into graphical representations (GRs) as well as the automatic generation of Ada source code is described. A simplified view of the three phases of Graphical Representations for Algorithms, Structure, and Processes for Ada (GRASP/Ada) with respect to three basic classes of GRs is presented. Phase 1 concentrated on the derivation of an algorithmic diagram, the control structure diagram (CSD) (CRO88a) from Ada source code or Ada PDL. Phase 2 includes the generation of architectural and system level diagrams such as structure charts and data flow diagrams and should result in a requirements specification for a graphically oriented language able to support automatic code generation. Phase 3 will concentrate on the development of a prototype to demonstrate the feasibility of this new specification language.

A study of the portability of an Ada system in the software engineering laboratory (SEL)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jun, Linda O.; Valett, Susan Ray

1990-01-01

A particular porting effort is discussed, and various statistics on analyzing the portability of Ada and the total staff months (overall and by phase) required to accomplish the rehost, are given. This effort is compared to past experiments on the rehosting of FORTRAN systems. The discussion includes an analysis of the types of errors encountered during the rehosting, the changes required to rehost the system, experiences with the Alsys IBM Ada compiler, the impediments encountered, and the lessons learned during this study.

49 CFR 37.103 - Purchase or lease of new non-rail vehicles by private entities primarily engaged in the business...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Purchase or lease of new non-rail vehicles by private entities primarily engaged in the business of transporting people. 37.103 Section 37.103 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Acquisition of Accessible Vehicles...

49 CFR 37.103 - Purchase or lease of new non-rail vehicles by private entities primarily engaged in the business...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Purchase or lease of new non-rail vehicles by private entities primarily engaged in the business of transporting people. 37.103 Section 37.103 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Acquisition of Accessible Vehicles...

Benchmarking Ada tasking on tightly coupled multiprocessor architectures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Collard, Philippe; Goforth, Andre; Marquardt, Matthew

1989-01-01

The development of benchmarks and performance measures for parallel Ada tasking is reported with emphasis on the macroscopic behavior of the benchmark across a set of load parameters. The application chosen for the study was the NASREM model for telerobot control, relevant to many NASA missions. The results of the study demonstrate the potential of parallel Ada in accomplishing the task of developing a control system for a system such as the Flight Telerobotic Servicer using the NASREM framework.

Visualization design and verification of Ada tasking using timing diagrams

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vidale, R. F.; Szulewski, P. A.; Weiss, J. B.

1986-01-01

The use of timing diagrams is recommended in the design and testing of multi-task Ada programs. By displaying the task states vs. time, timing diagrams can portray the simultaneous threads of data flow and control which characterize tasking programs. This description of the system's dynamic behavior from conception to testing is a necessary adjunct to other graphical techniques, such as structure charts, which essentially give a static view of the system. A series of steps is recommended which incorporates timing diagrams into the design process. Finally, a description is provided of a prototype Ada Execution Analyzer (AEA) which automates the production of timing diagrams from VAX/Ada debugger output.

RICIS Software Engineering 90 Symposium: Aerospace Applications and Research Directions Proceedings Appendices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

Papers presented at RICIS Software Engineering Symposium are compiled. The following subject areas are covered: flight critical software; management of real-time Ada; software reuse; megaprogramming software; Ada net; POSIX and Ada integration in the Space Station Freedom Program; and assessment of formal methods for trustworthy computer systems.

Experience with Ada on the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle Flight Test Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Regenie, Victoria A.; Earls, Michael; Le, Jeanette; Thomson, Michael

1992-01-01

Considerable experience was acquired with Ada at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Facility during the on-going High Alpha Technology Program. In this program, an F-18 aircraft was highly modified by the addition of thrust-vectoring vanes to the airframe. In addition, substantial alteration was made in the original quadruplex flight control system. The result is the High Alpha Research Vehicle. An additional research flight control computer was incorporated in each of the four channels. Software for the research flight control computer was written in Ada. To date, six releases of this software have been flown. This paper provides a detailed description of the modifications to the research flight control system. Efficient ground-testing of the software was accomplished by using simulations that used the Ada for portions of their software. These simulations are also described. Modifying and transferring the Ada for flight software to the software simulation configuration has allowed evaluation of this language. This paper also discusses such significant issues in using Ada as portability, modifiability, and testability as well as documentation requirements.

Experience with Ada on the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle flight test program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Regenie, Victoria A.; Earls, Michael; Le, Jeanette; Thomson, Michael

1994-01-01

Considerable experience has been acquired with Ada at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Facility during the on-going High Alpha Technology Program. In this program, an F-18 aircraft has been highly modified by the addition of thrust-vectoring vanes to the airframe. In addition, substantial alteration was made in the original quadruplex flight control system. The result is the High Alpha Research Vehicle. An additional research flight control computer was incorporated in each of the four channels. Software for the research flight control computer was written Ada. To date, six releases of this software have been flown. This paper provides a detailed description of the modifications to the research flight control system. Efficient ground-testing of the software was accomplished by using simulations that used the Ada for portions of their software. These simulations are also described. Modifying and transferring the Ada flight software to the software simulation configuration has allowed evaluation of this language. This paper also discusses such significant issues in using Ada as portability, modifiability, and testability as well as documentation requirements.

Hierarchical Ada robot programming system (HARPS)- A complete and working telerobot control system based on the NASREM model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leake, Stephen; Green, Tom; Cofer, Sue; Sauerwein, Tim

1989-01-01

HARPS is a telerobot control system that can perform some simple but useful tasks. This capability is demonstrated by performing the ORU exchange demonstration. HARPS is based on NASREM (NASA Standard Reference Model). All software is developed in Ada, and the project incorporates a number of different CASE (computer-aided software engineering) tools. NASREM was found to be a valid and useful model for building a telerobot control system. Its hierarchical and distributed structure creates a natural and logical flow for implementing large complex robust control systems. The ability of Ada to create and enforce abstraction enhanced the implementation of such control systems.

School of Advanced Military Studies Research Catalog AY 1983 - 1984 through 1991 - 1992

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-01

Battalion Night Attack- Command and Con- trol System, Strengths and Weaknesses, ADA Pierce, Kerry K ., Major, EN, E-Force: How 179 280 Agile Is It?, ADA 179...Sturgeon, Douglas E., Major, MI, Gaining an Pierce, Kerry K ., Major, EN, Kursk: A Study Operational Advantage: The Interdiction of in Operational Art...Synchronization Ability of Division? try Division METL and are the Divisions ADA 225 464 Training to Accomplish Them? ADA 225 483 Major James K . Greer, The

Ada and software management in NASA: Symposium/forum

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

The promises of Ada to improve software productivity and quality, and the claims that a transition to Ada would require significant changes in NASA's training programs and ways of doing business were investigated. The study assesses the agency's ongoing and planned Ada activities. A series of industry representatives (Computer Sciences Corporation, General Electric Aerospace, McDonnell Douglas Space Systems Company, TRW, Lockheed, and Boeing) reviewed the recommendations and assessed their impact from the Company's perspective. The potential effects on NASA programs were then discussed.

Ada/Xt Architecture: Design Report for the Software Technology for Adaptable, Reliable Systems (STARS)

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-25

N Task: UR20 CDRL: 01000 N UR2O--ProcesslEnvironmentx Ada/Xt. Architecture : Design Report ~ ~ fFCp Informal Technical Data I? ,LECp Sofwar Tehoog for...S. FUNDING NUMBERS Ada/Xt Architecture : Design Report STARS Contract 6.AUTHOR(S)_ Ft9628-88-D-0031 6. AUTHOR(S) Kurt Wallnau 7. PERFORMING...of the STARS Prime contract under the Process Environment Integration task (UR20). This document "Ada Xt Architecture : Design Report", type A005

Evaluation of NASA GEOS-ADAS Modeled Diurnal Warming Through Comparisons to SEVIRI and AMSR2 SST Observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gentemann, C. L.; Akella, S.

2018-02-01

An analysis of the ocean skin Sea Surface Temperature (SST) has been included in the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) - Atmospheric Data Assimilation System (ADAS), Version 5 (GEOS-ADAS). This analysis is based on the GEOS atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) that simulates near-surface diurnal warming and cool skin effects. Analysis for the skin SST is performed along with the atmospheric state, including Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite radiance observations as part of the data assimilation system. One month (September, 2015) of GEOS-ADAS SSTs were compared to collocated satellite Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) SSTs to examine how the GEOS-ADAS diurnal warming compares to the satellite measured warming. The spatial distribution of warming compares well to the satellite observed distributions. Specific diurnal events are analyzed to examine variability within a single day. The dependence of diurnal warming on wind speed, time of day, and daily average insolation is also examined. Overall the magnitude of GEOS-ADAS warming is similar to the warming inferred from satellite retrievals, but several weaknesses in the GEOS-AGCM simulated diurnal warming are identified and directly related back to specific features in the formulation of the diurnal warming model.

Dosimetric comparison of IMRT rectal and anal canal plans generated using an anterior dose avoidance structure

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Leicher, Brian, E-mail: bleicher@wpahs.org; Day, Ellen; Colonias, Athanasios

2014-10-01

To describe a dosimetric method using an anterior dose avoidance structure (ADAS) during the treatment planning process for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for patients with anal canal and rectal carcinomas. A total of 20 patients were planned on the Elekta/CMS XiO treatment planning system, version 4.5.1 (Maryland Heights MO) with a superposition algorithm. For each patient, 2 plans were created: one employing an ADAS (ADAS plan) and the other replanned without an ADAS (non-ADAS plan). The ADAS was defined to occupy the volume between the inguinal nodes and primary target providing a single organ at risk that is completely outsidemore » of the target volume. Each plan used the same beam parameters and was analyzed by comparing target coverage, overall plan dose conformity using a conformity number (CN) equation, bowel dose-volume histograms, and the number of segments, daily treatment duration, and global maximum dose. The ADAS and non-ADAS plans were equivalent in target coverage, mean global maximum dose, and sparing of small bowel in low-dose regions (5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy). The mean difference between the CN value for the non-ADAS plans and ADAS plans was 0.04 ± 0.03 (p < 0.001). The mean difference in the number of segments was 15.7 ± 12.7 (p < 0.001) in favor of ADAS plans. The ADAS plan delivery time was shorter by 2.0 ± 1.5 minutes (p < 0.001) than the non-ADAS one. The ADAS has proven to be a powerful tool when planning rectal and anal canal IMRT cases with critical structures partially contained inside the target volume.« less

Pegademase bovine (PEG-ADA) for the treatment of infants and children with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).

PubMed

Booth, Claire; Gaspar, H Bobby

2009-01-01

Adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA) is a rare, inherited disorder of purine metabolism characterized by immunodeficiency, failure to thrive and metabolic abnormalities. A lack of the enzyme ADA allows accumulation of toxic metabolites causing defects of both cell mediated and humoral immunity leading to ADA severe combined immune deficiency (SCID), a condition that can be fatal in early infancy if left untreated. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant is curative but is dependent on a good donor match. Other therapeutic options include enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with pegademase bovine (PEG-ADA) and more recently gene therapy. PEG-ADA has been used in over 150 patients worldwide and has allowed stabilization of patients awaiting more definitive treatment with hematopoietic stem cell transplant. It affords both metabolic detoxification and protective immune function with patients remaining clinically well, but immune reconstitution is often suboptimal and may not be long lived. We discuss the pharmacokinetics, immune reconstitution, effects on systemic disease and side effects of treatment with PEG-ADA. We also review the long-term outcome of patients receiving ERT and discuss the role of PEG-ADA in the management of infants and children with ADA-SCID, alongside other therapeutic options.

ADA-deficient SCID is associated with a specific microenvironment and bone phenotype characterized by RANKL/OPG imbalance and osteoblast insufficiency.

PubMed

Sauer, Aisha V; Mrak, Emanuela; Hernandez, Raisa Jofra; Zacchi, Elena; Cavani, Francesco; Casiraghi, Miriam; Grunebaum, Eyal; Roifman, Chaim M; Cervi, Maria C; Ambrosi, Alessandro; Carlucci, Filippo; Roncarolo, Maria Grazia; Villa, Anna; Rubinacci, Alessandro; Aiuti, Alessandro

2009-10-08

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is a disorder of the purine metabolism leading to combined immunodeficiency and systemic alterations, including skeletal abnormalities. We report that ADA deficiency in mice causes a specific bone phenotype characterized by alterations of structural properties and impaired mechanical competence. These alterations are the combined result of an imbalanced receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin axis, causing decreased osteoclastogenesis and an intrinsic defect of osteoblast function with subsequent low bone formation. In vitro, osteoblasts lacking ADA displayed an altered transcriptional profile and growth reduction. Furthermore, the bone marrow microenvironment of ADA-deficient mice showed a reduced capacity to support in vitro and in vivo hematopoiesis. Treatment of ADA-deficient neonatal mice with enzyme replacement therapy, bone marrow transplantation, or gene therapy resulted in full recovery of the altered bone parameters. Remarkably, untreated ADA-severe combined immunodeficiency patients showed a similar imbalance in RANKL/osteoprotegerin levels alongside severe growth retardation. Gene therapy with ADA-transduced hematopoietic stem cells increased serum RANKL levels and children's growth. Our results indicate that the ADA metabolism represents a crucial modulatory factor of bone cell activities and remodeling.

ELAPSE - NASA AMES LISP AND ADA BENCHMARK SUITE: EFFICIENCY OF LISP AND ADA PROCESSING - A SYSTEM EVALUATION

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davis, G. J.

1994-01-01

One area of research of the Information Sciences Division at NASA Ames Research Center is devoted to the analysis and enhancement of processors and advanced computer architectures, specifically in support of automation and robotic systems. To compare systems' abilities to efficiently process Lisp and Ada, scientists at Ames Research Center have developed a suite of non-parallel benchmarks called ELAPSE. The benchmark suite was designed to test a single computer's efficiency as well as alternate machine comparisons on Lisp, and/or Ada languages. ELAPSE tests the efficiency with which a machine can execute the various routines in each environment. The sample routines are based on numeric and symbolic manipulations and include two-dimensional fast Fourier transformations, Cholesky decomposition and substitution, Gaussian elimination, high-level data processing, and symbol-list references. Also included is a routine based on a Bayesian classification program sorting data into optimized groups. The ELAPSE benchmarks are available for any computer with a validated Ada compiler and/or Common Lisp system. Of the 18 routines that comprise ELAPSE, provided within this package are 14 developed or translated at Ames. The others are readily available through literature. The benchmark that requires the most memory is CHOLESKY.ADA. Under VAX/VMS, CHOLESKY.ADA requires 760K of main memory. ELAPSE is available on either two 5.25 inch 360K MS-DOS format diskettes (standard distribution) or a 9-track 1600 BPI ASCII CARD IMAGE format magnetic tape. The contents of the diskettes are compressed using the PKWARE archiving tools. The utility to unarchive the files, PKUNZIP.EXE, is included. The ELAPSE benchmarks were written in 1990. VAX and VMS are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

ADA, the Programming Language of Choice for the UPMSat-2 Satellite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garrido, Jorge; Zamorano, Juan; de la Puente, Juan A.; Alonso, Alejandro; Salazar, Emilio

2015-09-01

The proper selection of development mechanisms and tools is essential for the final success of any engineering project. This is also true when it comes to software development. Furthermore, when the system shows very specific and hard to meet requirements, as it happens for high-integrity real-time systems, the appropriate selection is crucial. For this kind of systems, Ada has proven to be a successful companion, and satellites are not an exception. The paper presents the reasons behind the selection of Ada for the UPMSat-2 development, along with the experience and examples on its usage.

Ada (Trade Name) Compiler Validation Summary Report: International Business Machines Corporation. IBM Development System for the Ada Language System, Version 1.1.0, IBM 4381 under VM/SP CMS Host, IBM 4381 under MVS Target

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-20

AVF Control Number: AVF-VSR-84.1087 ’S (0 87-03-10-TEL I- Ada® COMPILER VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT: International Business Machines Corporation IBM...System, Version 1.1.0, International Business Machines Corporation, Wright-Patterson AFB. IBM 4381 under VM/SP CMS, Release 3.6 (host) and IBM 4381...an IBM 4381 operating under MVS, Release 3.8. On-site testing was performed 18 May 1987 through 20 May 1987 at International Business Machines

Ada Structure Design Language (ASDL)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chedrawi, Lutfi

1986-01-01

An artist acquires all the necessary tools before painting a scene. In the same analogy, a software engineer needs the necessary tools to provide their design with the proper means for implementation. Ada provide these tools. Yet, as an artist's painting needs a brochure to accompany it for further explanation of the scene, an Ada design also needs a document along with it to show the design in its detailed structure and hierarchical order. Ada could be self-explanatory in small programs not exceeding fifty lines of code in length. But, in a large environment, ranging from thousands of lines and above, Ada programs need to be well documented to be preserved and maintained. The language used to specify an Ada document is called Ada Structure Design Language (ASDL). This language sets some rules to help derive a well formatted Ada detailed design document. The rules are defined to meet the needs of a project manager, a maintenance team, a programmer and a systems designer. The design document templates, the document extractor, and the rules set forth by the ASDL are explained in detail.

Toward real-time performance benchmarks for Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clapp, Russell M.; Duchesneau, Louis; Volz, Richard A.; Mudge, Trevor N.; Schultze, Timothy

1986-01-01

The issue of real-time performance measurements for the Ada programming language through the use of benchmarks is addressed. First, the Ada notion of time is examined and a set of basic measurement techniques are developed. Then a set of Ada language features believed to be important for real-time performance are presented and specific measurement methods discussed. In addition, other important time related features which are not explicitly part of the language but are part of the run-time related features which are not explicitly part of the language but are part of the run-time system are also identified and measurement techniques developed. The measurement techniques are applied to the language and run-time system features and the results are presented.

Advanced driver assistance systems for teen drivers: Teen and parent impressions, perceived need, and intervention preferences.

PubMed

Weiss, Eve; Fisher Thiel, Megan; Sultana, Nahida; Hannan, Chloe; Seacrist, Thomas

2018-02-28

From the advent of airbags to electronic stability control, technological advances introduced into automobile design have significantly reduced injury and death from motor vehicle crashes. These advances are especially pertinent among teen drivers, a population whose leading cause of death is motor vehicle crashes. Recently developed advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have the potential to compensate for skill deficits and reduce overall crash risk. Yet, ADAS is only effective if drivers are willing to use it. Limited research has been conducted on the suitability of ADAS for teen drivers. The goal of this study is to identify teen drivers' perceived need for ADAS, receptiveness to in-vehicle technology, and intervention preferences. The long-term goal is to understand public perceptions and barriers to ADAS use and to help determine how these systems must evolve to meet the needs of the riskiest driving populations. Three focus groups (N = 24) were conducted with licensed teen drivers aged 16-19 years and 2 focus groups with parents of teen drivers (N = 12). Discussion topics included views on how ADAS might influence driving skills and behaviors; trust in technology; and data privacy. Discussions were transcribed; the team used conventional content analysis and open coding methods to identify 12 coding domains and code transcripts with NVivo 10. Interrater reliability testing showed moderate to high kappa scores. Overall, participants recognized potential benefits of ADAS, including improved safety and crash reduction. Teens suggested that ADAS is still developing and therefore has potential to malfunction. Many teens reported a greater trust in their own driving ability over vehicle technology. They expressed that novice drivers should learn to drive on non-ADAS-equipped cars and that ADAS should be considered a supplemental aid. Many teens felt that overreliance on ADAS may increase distracted driving or risky behaviors among teens. Parents also expressed skepticism for the technology but felt that it would likely be a useful support for teen drivers after the initial learning phase. This study elicited important end-user viewpoints by exploring the intersection between advanced automobile safety technology and human perception for the particular use case of teen drivers. For example, despite evidence that teens are the highest risk driving population, teens trust their own driving skills and competence more than in-vehicle technology. This understanding will ultimately advance the safety of teen drivers by identifying barriers to effective ADAS use.

Local Data Integration in East Central Florida Using the ARPS Data Analysis System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Case, Jonathan; Manobianco, John

1998-01-01

This paper describes the Applied Meteorology Unit's (AMU) efforts to configure, implement, and test a version of the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) Data Analysis System (ADAS; Brewster 1996) that assimilates all available data within 250 km of the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and the Eastern Range at Cape Canaveral Air Station (CCAS). The objective for running a Local Data Integration System (LDIS) such as ADAS is to generate products which may enhance weather nowcasts and short-range (less than 6 h) forecasts issued in support of ground and aerospace operations at KSC/CCAS. A LDIS such as ADAS has the potential to provide added value because it combines observational data to produce gridded analyses of temperature, wind, and moisture (including clouds) and diagnostic quantities such as vorticity, divergence, etc. at specified temporal and spatial resolutions. In this regard, a LDTS along with suitable visualization tools may provide users with a ignore complete and comprehensive understanding of evolving weather than could be developed by individually examining the disparate data sets over the same area and time. The AMU implemented a working prototype of the ADAS which does not run in real-time. Instead, the AMU is evaluating ADAS through post-analyses of weather events for a warm and cool season case. The case studies were chosen to investigate the capabilities and limitations of a LDIS such as ADAS including the impact of non-incorporation of specific data sources on the utility of the subsequent analyses.

Biotic Abstract Dual Automata (BiADA): a novel tool for studying the evolution of porebiotic order (and the origin of life).

PubMed

Cimpoiasu, Vily M; Popa, Radu

2012-12-01

Biotic Abstract Dual Automata (BiADA), a novel simulation concept for studying the evolution of prebiotic order, has four main attributes. (1) The energy of each form of organization is the sum of two stocks: entropy-associated energy (E(s)) and free energy (E(g)), with dissimilar meaning, energy conductive, and energy exchange properties; (2) E(s) and E(g) have user-defined absolute values and are not derived from the relative thermodynamic parameters standard entropy and standard Gibbs free energy; (3) BiADA analyzes changes in both units of transformation and units of organization; and (4) BiADA-based models analyze forward and reverse transformations separately and the brut production of forms of organization. We discuss quantitative relationships between energy, information, and order parameters proposed in BiADA-based simulations. The example we show is that of a simple system with two forms of organization. The model monitors the energy flow and budget, the evolution of order and information capacity, and the energy cost of producing and maintaining the system's state. We show the effect of six prebiotic factors on the evolution of order and energy dissipative potential of the system. These are the initial state of the system, energy availability, the intrinsic energy conductivity, catalysis of "A to B" transformations, B autocatalysis, and the terminal heat sink. We discuss benefits of employing BiADA principles in the study of the origin of order in more complex networks.

Individual evaluation test plan report, No. 2 : emissions monitoring of all vehicles in Ada County : final report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-04-01

Ada County was chosen to be a part of the national Operational Test for Intelligent : Transportation Systems (ITS). ITS applies new technologies and concepts to improve : transportation systems, efficiency, mobility, energy and environmental impacts,...

Adenosine Deaminase activity and HLA-DRB as diagnostic markers for Rheumatoid Arthritis.

PubMed

Valadbeigi, Shirin; Ebrahimi-Rad, Mina; Khatami, Shohreh; Akhbari, Hadi; Saghiri, Reza

2018-04-05

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic multi systemic disorder with the unclarified ethiopathology. Although several markers have been presented for recognition of RA, but none of them has been specific. New markers such as HLA typing and activity of Adenosine deaminase (ADA) isoenzymes could be useful and specific. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pattern of ADA isoenzymes activity and HLA typing in both RA patients and healthy cases. Blood samples were collected from 55 RA patients and 60 healthy subjects, over a period of 6 months. Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF) and ADA (ADA1, ADA2, total ADA) were measured using AVITEX kit and HITACHI Auto Analyzer. In addition, HLA-DRB1*1,*04 and *010 was detected using PCR-SSP. ADA activity, particularly ADA2 level, was significantly higher among RA group (P<0.05). The concentrations of tADA in patients with RF and CRP positive were significantly higher (P <0.05). The allele prevalence of DRB1*10 and *01 was significantly higher in RA patients (8.3% and 13.1%, respectively) compared with control group (2.51% and 5.5%, respectively) (P <0.05). Calculated sensitivity and specificity for diagnostic tests in this study are listed as: CRP (75%), RF (80%), ADA (84%) and RF (90%), ADA (83%), CRP (72%), respectively. Increase tADA level and the frequency of DRB1*010 and *01 caused to susceptibility to RA. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

Moonlighting adenosine deaminase: a target protein for drug development.

PubMed

Cortés, Antoni; Gracia, Eduard; Moreno, Estefania; Mallol, Josefa; Lluís, Carme; Canela, Enric I; Casadó, Vicent

2015-01-01

Interest in adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the context of medicine has mainly focused on its enzymatic activity. This is justified by the importance of the reaction catalyzed by ADA not only for the intracellular purine metabolism, but also for the extracellular purine metabolism as well, because of its capacity as a regulator of the concentration of extracellular adenosine that is able to activate adenosine receptors (ARs). In recent years, other important roles have been described for ADA. One of these, with special relevance in immunology, is the capacity of ADA to act as a costimulator, promoting T-cell proliferation and differentiation mainly by interacting with the differentiation cluster CD26. Another role is the ability of ADA to act as an allosteric modulator of ARs. These receptors have very general physiological implications, particularly in the neurological system where they play an important role. Thus, ADA, being a single chain protein, performs more than one function, consistent with the definition of a moonlighting protein. Although ADA has never been associated with moonlighting proteins, here we consider ADA as an example of this family of multifunctional proteins. In this review, we discuss the different roles of ADA and their pathological implications. We propose a mechanism by which some of their moonlighting functions can be coordinated. We also suggest that drugs modulating ADA properties may act as modulators of the moonlighting functions of ADA, giving them additional potential medical interest. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Novel vehicle detection system based on stacked DoG kernel and AdaBoost

PubMed Central

Kang, Hyun Ho; Lee, Seo Won; You, Sung Hyun

2018-01-01

This paper proposes a novel vehicle detection system that can overcome some limitations of typical vehicle detection systems using AdaBoost-based methods. The performance of the AdaBoost-based vehicle detection system is dependent on its training data. Thus, its performance decreases when the shape of a target differs from its training data, or the pattern of a preceding vehicle is not visible in the image due to the light conditions. A stacked Difference of Gaussian (DoG)–based feature extraction algorithm is proposed to address this issue by recognizing common characteristics, such as the shadow and rear wheels beneath vehicles—of vehicles under various conditions. The common characteristics of vehicles are extracted by applying the stacked DoG shaped kernel obtained from the 3D plot of an image through a convolution method and investigating only certain regions that have a similar patterns. A new vehicle detection system is constructed by combining the novel stacked DoG feature extraction algorithm with the AdaBoost method. Experiments are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed vehicle detection system under different conditions. PMID:29513727

Software Engineering Laboratory Ada performance study: Results and implications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Booth, Eric W.; Stark, Michael E.

1992-01-01

The SEL is an organization sponsored by NASA/GSFC to investigate the effectiveness of software engineering technologies applied to the development of applications software. The SEL was created in 1977 and has three organizational members: NASA/GSFC, Systems Development Branch; The University of Maryland, Computer Sciences Department; and Computer Sciences Corporation, Systems Development Operation. The goals of the SEL are as follows: (1) to understand the software development process in the GSFC environments; (2) to measure the effect of various methodologies, tools, and models on this process; and (3) to identify and then to apply successful development practices. The activities, findings, and recommendations of the SEL are recorded in the Software Engineering Laboratory Series, a continuing series of reports that include the Ada Performance Study Report. This paper describes the background of Ada in the Flight Dynamics Division (FDD), the objectives and scope of the Ada Performance Study, the measurement approach used, the performance tests performed, the major test results, and the implications for future FDD Ada development efforts.

Translating expert system rules into Ada code with validation and verification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Becker, Lee; Duckworth, R. James; Green, Peter; Michalson, Bill; Gosselin, Dave; Nainani, Krishan; Pease, Adam

1991-01-01

The purpose of this ongoing research and development program is to develop software tools which enable the rapid development, upgrading, and maintenance of embedded real-time artificial intelligence systems. The goals of this phase of the research were to investigate the feasibility of developing software tools which automatically translate expert system rules into Ada code and develop methods for performing validation and verification testing of the resultant expert system. A prototype system was demonstrated which automatically translated rules from an Air Force expert system was demonstrated which detected errors in the execution of the resultant system. The method and prototype tools for converting AI representations into Ada code by converting the rules into Ada code modules and then linking them with an Activation Framework based run-time environment to form an executable load module are discussed. This method is based upon the use of Evidence Flow Graphs which are a data flow representation for intelligent systems. The development of prototype test generation and evaluation software which was used to test the resultant code is discussed. This testing was performed automatically using Monte-Carlo techniques based upon a constraint based description of the required performance for the system.

An Operational Configuration of the ARPS Data Analysis System to Initialize WRF in the NM'S Environmental Modeling System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Case, Jonathan; Blottman, Pete; Hoeth, Brian; Oram, Timothy

2006-01-01

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is the next generation community mesoscale model designed to enhance collaboration between the research and operational sectors. The NM'S as a whole has begun a transition toward WRF as the mesoscale model of choice to use as a tool in making local forecasts. Currently, both the National Weather Service in Melbourne, FL (NWS MLB) and the Spaceflight Meteorology Group (SMG) are running the Advanced Regional Prediction System (AIRPS) Data Analysis System (ADAS) every 15 minutes over the Florida peninsula to produce high-resolution diagnostics supporting their daily operations. In addition, the NWS MLB and SMG have used ADAS to provide initial conditions for short-range forecasts from the ARPS numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. Both NM'S MLB and SMG have derived great benefit from the maturity of ADAS, and would like to use ADAS for providing initial conditions to WRF. In order to assist in this WRF transition effort, the Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU) was tasked to configure and implement an operational version of WRF that uses output from ADAS for the model initial conditions. Both agencies asked the AMU to develop a framework that allows the ADAS initial conditions to be incorporated into the WRF Environmental Modeling System (EMS) software. Developed by the NM'S Science Operations Officer (S00) Science and Training Resource Center (STRC), the EMS is a complete, full physics, NWP package that incorporates dynamical cores from both the National Center for Atmospheric Research's Advanced Research WRF (ARW) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's Non-Hydrostatic Mesoscale Model (NMM) into a single end-to-end forecasting system. The EMS performs nearly all pre- and postprocessing and can be run automatically to obtain external grid data for WRF boundary conditions, run the model, and convert the data into a format that can be readily viewed within the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System. The EMS has also incorporated the WRF Standard Initialization (SI) graphical user interface (GUT), which allows the user to set up the domain, dynamical core, resolution, etc., with ease. In addition to the SI GUT, the EMS contains a number of configuration files with extensive documentation to help the user select the appropriate input parameters for model physics schemes, integration timesteps, etc. Therefore, because of its streamlined capability, it is quite advantageous to configure ADAS to provide initial condition data to the EMS software. One of the biggest potential benefits of configuring ADAS for ingest into the EMS is that the analyses could be used to initialize either the ARW or NMM. Currently, the ARPS/ADAS software has a conversion routine only for the ARW dynamical core. However, since the NIvIM runs about 2.5 times faster than the ARW, it is quite advantageous to be able to run an ADAS/NMM configuration operationally due to the increased efficiency.

An Ada implementation of the network manager for the advanced information processing system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nagle, Gail A.

1986-01-01

From an implementation standpoint, the Ada language provided many features which facilitated the data and procedure abstraction process. The language supported a design which was dynamically flexible (despite strong typing), modular, and self-documenting. Adequate training of programmers requires access to an efficient compiler which supports full Ada. When the performance issues for real time processing are finally addressed by more stringent requirements for tasking features and the development of efficient run-time environments for embedded systems, the full power of the language will be realized.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number 880318W1. 09042, International Business Machines Corporation, IBM Development System for the Ada Language, Version 2.1.0, IBM 4381 under MVS/XA, Host and Target

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-28

International Business Machines Corporation IBM Development System for the Ada Language, Version 2.1.0 IBM 4381 under MVS/XA, host and target Completion...Joint Program Office, AJPO 20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse side if necessary and identify by block number) International Business Machines Corporation...in the compiler listed in this declaration. I declare that International Business Machines Corporation is the owner of record of the object code of

Fine-Tuning ADAS Algorithm Parameters for Optimizing Traffic ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

With the development of the Connected Vehicle technology that facilitates wirelessly communication among vehicles and road-side infrastructure, the Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) can be adopted as an effective tool for accelerating traffic safety and mobility optimization at various highway facilities. To this end, the traffic management centers identify the optimal ADAS algorithm parameter set that enables the maximum improvement of the traffic safety and mobility performance, and broadcast the optimal parameter set wirelessly to individual ADAS-equipped vehicles. After adopting the optimal parameter set, the ADAS-equipped drivers become active agents in the traffic stream that work collectively and consistently to prevent traffic conflicts, lower the intensity of traffic disturbances, and suppress the development of traffic oscillations into heavy traffic jams. Successful implementation of this objective requires the analysis capability of capturing the impact of the ADAS on driving behaviors, and measuring traffic safety and mobility performance under the influence of the ADAS. To address this challenge, this research proposes a synthetic methodology that incorporates the ADAS-affected driving behavior modeling and state-of-the-art microscopic traffic flow modeling into a virtually simulated environment. Building on such an environment, the optimal ADAS algorithm parameter set is identified through an optimization programming framework to enable th

Implementation of and Ada real-time executive: A case study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Laird, James D.; Burton, Bruce A.; Koppes, Mary R.

1986-01-01

Current Ada language implementations and runtime environments are immature, unproven and are a key risk area for real-time embedded computer system (ECS). A test-case environment is provided in which the concerns of the real-time, ECS community are addressed. A priority driven executive is selected to be implemented in the Ada programming language. The model selected is representative of real-time executives tailored for embedded systems used missile, spacecraft, and avionics applications. An Ada-based design methodology is utilized, and two designs are considered. The first of these designs requires the use of vendor supplied runtime and tasking support. An alternative high-level design is also considered for an implementation requiring no vendor supplied runtime or tasking support. The former approach is carried through to implementation.

Simulation of the space station information system in Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spiegel, James R.

1986-01-01

The Flexible Ada Simulation Tool (FAST) is a discrete event simulation language which is written in Ada. FAST has been used to simulate a number of options for ground data distribution of Space Station payload data. The fact that Ada language is used for implementation has allowed a number of useful interactive features to be built into FAST and has facilitated quick enhancement of its capabilities to support new modeling requirements. General simulation concepts are discussed, and how these concepts are implemented in FAST. The FAST design is discussed, and it is pointed out how the used of the Ada language enabled the development of some significant advantages over classical FORTRAN based simulation languages. The advantages discussed are in the areas of efficiency, ease of debugging, and ease of integrating user code. The specific Ada language features which enable these advances are discussed.

Space Station Software Recommendations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Voigt, S. (Editor)

1985-01-01

Four panels of invited experts and NASA representatives focused on the following topics: software management, software development environment, languages, and software standards. Each panel deliberated in private, held two open sessions with audience participation, and developed recommendations for the NASA Space Station Program. The major thrusts of the recommendations were as follows: (1) The software management plan should establish policies, responsibilities, and decision points for software acquisition; (2) NASA should furnish a uniform modular software support environment and require its use for all space station software acquired (or developed); (3) The language Ada should be selected for space station software, and NASA should begin to address issues related to the effective use of Ada; and (4) The space station software standards should be selected (based upon existing standards where possible), and an organization should be identified to promulgate and enforce them. These and related recommendations are described in detail in the conference proceedings.

12. Children and Adolescents: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018.

PubMed

2018-01-01

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) "Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes" includes ADA's current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee, are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA's clinical practice recommendations, please refer to the Standards of Care Introduction Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC. © 2017 by the American Diabetes Association.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 940325S1. 11352 DDC-I DACS Sun SPARC/Solaries to Pentium PM Bare Ada Cross Compiler System, Version 4.6.4 Sun SPARCclassic = Intel Pentium (Operated as Bare Machine) Based in Xpress Desktop (Intel Product Number: XBASE6E4F-B)

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-03-25

Technology Building 225, Room A266 Gait•--eburg, Maryland 20899 U.S.A. Ada Von Ogan~ztionAda Jointt Program Office De & Software David R . Basel...Standards and Technology Building 225, Room A266 Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 U.S.A. azi Ada Joint Program office Directoz’,’Coputer & Softvare David R ...characters, a bar (" r ) is written in the 16th position and the rest of the characters ame not prined. "* The place of the definition, i.e.. a line

An evaluation of the documented requirements of the SSP UIL and a review of commercial software packages for the development and testing of UIL prototypes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gill, Esther Naomi

1986-01-01

A review was conducted of software packages currently on the market which might be integrated with the interface language and aid in reaching the objectives of customization, standardization, transparency, reliability, maintainability, language substitutions, expandability, portability, and flexibility. Recommendations are given for best choices in hardware and software acquisition for inhouse testing of these possible integrations. Software acquisition in the line of tools to aid expert-system development and/or novice program development, artificial intelligent voice technology and touch screen or joystick or mouse utilization as well as networking were recommended. Other recommendations concerned using the language Ada for the user interface language shell because of its high level of standardization, structure, and ability to accept and execute programs written in other programming languages, its DOD ownership and control, and keeping the user interface language simple so that multiples of users will find the commercialization of space within their realm of possibility which is, after all, the purpose of the Space Station.

Update of GRASP/Ada reverse engineering tools for Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cross, James H., II

1992-01-01

The GRASP/Ada project (Graphical Representations of Algorithms, Structures, and Processes for Ada) has successfully created and prototyped a new algorithmic level graphical representation of Ada software, the Control Structure Diagram (CSD). The primary impetus for creation of the CSD was to improve the comprehension efficiency of Ada software and, as a result, improve reliability and reduce costs. The emphasis was on the automatic generation of the CSD from Ada PDL or source code to support reverse engineering and maintenance. The CSD has the potential to replace traditional prettyprinted Ada source code. In Phase 1 of the GRASP/Ada project, the CSD graphical constructs were created and applied manually to several small Ada programs. A prototype (Version 1) was designed and implemented using FLEX and BISON running under VMS on a VAS 11-780. In Phase 2, the prototype was improved and ported to the Sun 4 platform under UNIX. A user interface was designed and partially implemented using the HP widget toolkit and the X Windows System. In Phase 3, the user interface was extensively reworked using the Athena widget toolkit and X Windows. The prototype was applied successfully to numerous Ada programs ranging in size from several hundred to several thousand lines of source code. Following Phase 3, the prototype was evaluated by software engineering students at Auburn University and then updated with significant enhancements to the user interface including editing capabilities. Version 3.2 of the prototype was prepared for limited distribution to facilitate further evaluation. The current prototype provides the capability for the user to generate CSD's from Ada PDL or source code in a reverse engineering as well as forward engineering mode with a level of flexibility suitable for practical application.

KSC-97PC1281

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-08-22

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Following the presentation of the Universal Signal Conditioning Amplifier (USCA), a new piece of technology developed through a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) partnership with industry, to Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Director Roy Bridges, Jr., key participants in the partnership pose for a group portrait. They are (from left) Bill Larson, NASA; Dr. Pedro Medelius, INET; Roy Bridges, Jr., KSC Director; Ed Gladney and William Saputo, L-3 Communications; Pam Gillespi, representing Congressman Dave Weldon; and Frank Kinney, Technological Research and Development Authority. The USCA is a key component of the codeveloped Automated Data Acquisition System (ADAS) that measures temperature, pressure and vibration at KSC's launch pads. The breakthrough technology is expected to reduce sensor setup and configuration times from hours to seconds. KSC teamed up with Florida's Technological Research and Development Authority and manufacturer L-3 Communications to produce a system that would benefit the aerospace industry and other commercial markets

Key participants in codeveloped technology pose for group picture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

Following the presentation of the Universal Signal Conditioning Amplifier (USCA), a new piece of technology developed through a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) partnership with industry, to Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Director Roy Bridges, Jr., key participants in the partnership pose for a group portrait. They are (from left) Bill Larson, NASA; Dr. Pedro Medelius, INET; Roy Bridges, Jr., KSC Director; Ed Gladney and William Saputo, L-3 Communications; Pam Gillespi, representing Congressman Dave Weldon; and Frank Kinney, Technological Research and Development Authority. The USCA is a key component of the codeveloped Automated Data Acquisition System (ADAS) that measures temperature, pressure and vibration at KSC's launch pads. The breakthrough technology is expected to reduce sensor setup and configuration times from hours to seconds. KSC teamed up with Florida's Technological Research and Development Authority and manufacturer L-3 Communications to produce a system that would benefit the aerospace industry and other commercial markets.

The implementation and use of Ada on distributed systems with high reliability requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knight, J. C.

1986-01-01

The general inadequacy of Ada for programming systems that must survive processor loss was shown. A solution to the problem was proposed in which there are no syntatic changes to Ada. The approach was evaluated using a full-scale, realistic application. The application used was the Advanced Transport Operating System (ATOPS), an experimental computer control system developed for a modified Boeing 737 aircraft. The ATOPS system is a full authority, real-time avionics system providing a large variety of advanced features. Methods of building fault tolerance into concurrent systems were explored. A set of criteria by which the proposed method will be judged was examined. Extensive interaction with personnel from Computer Sciences Corporation and NASA Langley occurred to determine the requirements of the ATOPS software. Backward error recovery in concurrent systems was assessed.

An architecture for the development of real-time fault diagnosis systems using model-based reasoning

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hall, Gardiner A.; Schuetzle, James; Lavallee, David; Gupta, Uday

1992-01-01

Presented here is an architecture for implementing real-time telemetry based diagnostic systems using model-based reasoning. First, we describe Paragon, a knowledge acquisition tool for offline entry and validation of physical system models. Paragon provides domain experts with a structured editing capability to capture the physical component's structure, behavior, and causal relationships. We next describe the architecture of the run time diagnostic system. The diagnostic system, written entirely in Ada, uses the behavioral model developed offline by Paragon to simulate expected component states as reflected in the telemetry stream. The diagnostic algorithm traces causal relationships contained within the model to isolate system faults. Since the diagnostic process relies exclusively on the behavioral model and is implemented without the use of heuristic rules, it can be used to isolate unpredicted faults in a wide variety of systems. Finally, we discuss the implementation of a prototype system constructed using this technique for diagnosing faults in a science instrument. The prototype demonstrates the use of model-based reasoning to develop maintainable systems with greater diagnostic capabilities at a lower cost.

Maintenance Training Simulator Design and Acquisition.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-08-01

7 ADA69 149 APPLIED SCIENCE ASSOCIATES INC VALENCIA PA F/6 5/9 MAINTENANCE TRAINING SIMULATOR DESIG AND ACOUISITION.(U) AUG 8O R J HRITZ. 6 R...TRAINING SIMULATOR DESIGN H AND ACQUISIIONII By Rohn J. Htz George R. Purifoy, Jr. M Applied Science Associates, Inc. Box 158A Valencia , Pennsylvania...related thereto. This report was submitted by Applied Science Associates, Inc., Box 158. Valencia . Pennsyvania 10059. under Contract F33015-78-C-409

A distributed programming environment for Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brennan, Peter; Mcdonnell, Tom; Mcfarland, Gregory; Timmins, Lawrence J.; Litke, John D.

1986-01-01

Despite considerable commercial exploitation of fault tolerance systems, significant and difficult research problems remain in such areas as fault detection and correction. A research project is described which constructs a distributed computing test bed for loosely coupled computers. The project is constructing a tool kit to support research into distributed control algorithms, including a distributed Ada compiler, distributed debugger, test harnesses, and environment monitors. The Ada compiler is being written in Ada and will implement distributed computing at the subsystem level. The design goal is to provide a variety of control mechanics for distributed programming while retaining total transparency at the code level.

Development of a computer program to generate typical measurement values for various systems on a space station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Deacetis, Louis A.

1987-01-01

The elements of a simulation program written in Ada were developed. The program will eventually serve as a data generator of typical readings from various space station equipment involved with Communications and Tracking, and will simulate various scenarios that may arise due to equipment malfunction or failure, power failure, etc. In addition, an evaluation of the Ada language was made from the viewpoint of a FORTRAN programmer learning Ada for the first time. Various strengths and difficulties associated with the learning and use of Ada are considered.

Ada 9X Project Revision Request Report. Supplement 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

Non-portable use of operating system primitives or of Ada run time system internals. POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS: Mandate that compilers recognize tasks that...complex than a simple operating system file, the compiler vendor must provide routines to manipulate it (create, copy, move etc .) as a single entity... system , to support fault tolerance, load sharing, change of system operating mode etc . It is highly desirable that such important software be written in

Functional sites of the Ada regulatory protein of Escherichia coli. Analysis by amino acid substitutions.

PubMed

Takano, K; Nakabeppu, Y; Sekiguchi, M

1988-05-20

Specific cysteine residues at possible methyl acceptor sites of the Ada protein of Escherichia coli were converted to other amino acids by site-directed mutagenesis of the cloned ada gene of E. coli. Ada protein with the cysteine residue at 321 replaced by alanine was capable of accepting the methyl group from the methylphosphotriester but not from O6-methylguanine or O4-methylthymine of alkylated DNA, whereas the protein with alanine at position 69 accepted the methyl group from the methylated bases but not from the methylphosphotriester. These two mutants were used to elucidate the biological significance of repair of the two types of alkylation lesions. Introduction of the ada gene with the Ala69 mutation into an ada- cell rendered the cell more resistant to alkylating agents with respect to both killing and induction of mutations, but the gene with the Ala321 mutation exhibited no such activity. Replacement of the cysteine residue at position 69, but not at position 321, abolished the ability of Ada protein to promote transcription of both ada and alkA genes in vitro. These results are compatible with the idea that methylation of the cysteine residue at position 69 renders Ada protein active as a transcriptional regulator, whilst the cysteine residue at position 321 is responsible for repair of pre-mutagenic and lethal lesions in DNA. The actions of mutant Ada proteins on the ada and alkA promoters in vivo were investigated using an artificially composed gene expression system. When the ada gene with the Ala69 mutation was introduced into the cell, there was little induction of expression of either the ada or the alkA genes, even after treatment with an alkylating agent, in agreement with the data obtained from studies in vitro. With the Ala321 mutation, however, a considerable degree of ada gene expression occurred without adaptive treatment. The latter finding suggests that the cysteine residue at position 321, which is located near the C terminus of the Ada protein, is involved in regulating activity, as the transcriptional activator.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 940305W1. 11335 TLD Systems, Ltd. TLD Comanche VAX/i960 Ada Compiler System, Version 4.1.1 VAX Cluster under VMS 5.5 = Tronix JIAWG Execution Vehicle (i960MX) under TLD Real Time Executive, Version 4.1.1

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-03-14

Comanche VAX/i960 Ada Compiler System, Version 4.1.1 Host Computer System: Digital Local Area Network VAX Cluster executing on (2) MicroVAX 3100 Model 90...31 $MAX DIGITS 15 SmNx INT 2147483647 $MAX INT PLUS_1 2147483648 $MIN IN -2_147483648 A-3 MACR PARAMEERIS $NAME NO SUCH INTEGER TYPE $NAME LIST...nested generlcs are Supported and generics defined in libary units are pexitted. zt is not possible to pen ore a macro instantiation for a generic I

System Re-engineering Project Executive Summary

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-11-01

Management Information System (STAMIS) application. This project involved reverse engineering, evaluation of structured design and object-oriented design, and re- implementation of the system in Ada. This executive summary presents the approach to re-engineering the system, the lessons learned while going through the process, and issues to be considered in future tasks of this nature.... Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE), Distributed Software, Ada, COBOL, Systems Analysis, Systems Design, Life Cycle Development, Functional Decomposition, Object-Oriented

Update of GRASP/Ada reverse engineering tools for Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cross, James H., II

1993-01-01

The GRASP/Ada project (Graphical Representations of Algorithms, Structures, and Processes for Ada) successfully created and prototyped a new algorithmic level graphical representation for Ada software, the Control Structure Diagram (CSD). The primary impetus for creation of the CSD was to improve the comprehension efficiency of Ada software and, as a result, improve reliability and reduce costs. The emphasis was on the automatic generation of the CSD from Ada PDL or source code to support reverse engineering and maintenance. The CSD has the potential to replace traditional pretty printed Ada source code. In Phase 1 of the GRASP/Ada project, the CSD graphical constructs were created and applied manually to several small Ada programs. A prototype CSD generator (Version 1) was designed and implemented using FLEX and BISON running under VMS on a VAX 11-780. In Phase 2, the prototype was improved and ported to the Sun 4 platform under UNIX. A user interface was designed and partially implemented using the HP widget toolkit and the X Windows System. In Phase 3, the user interface was extensively reworked using the Athena widget toolkit and X Windows. The prototype was applied successfully to numerous Ada programs ranging in size from several hundred to several thousand lines of source code. Following Phase 3,e two update phases were completed. Update'92 focused on the initial analysis of evaluation data collected from software engineering students at Auburn University and the addition of significant enhancements to the user interface. Update'93 (the current update) focused on the statistical analysis of the data collected in the previous update and preparation of Version 3.4 of the prototype for limited distribution to facilitate further evaluation. The current prototype provides the capability for the user to generate CSD's from Ada PDL or source code in a reverse engineering as well as forward engineering mode with a level of flexibility suitable for practical application. An overview of the GRASP/Ada project with an emphasis on the current update is provided.

Knowledge representation into Ada parallel processing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Masotto, Tom; Babikyan, Carol; Harper, Richard

1990-01-01

The Knowledge Representation into Ada Parallel Processing project is a joint NASA and Air Force funded project to demonstrate the execution of intelligent systems in Ada on the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory fault-tolerant parallel processor (FTPP). Two applications were demonstrated - a portion of the adaptive tactical navigator and a real time controller. Both systems are implemented as Activation Framework Objects on the Activation Framework intelligent scheduling mechanism developed by Worcester Polytechnic Institute. The implementations, results of performance analyses showing speedup due to parallelism and initial efficiency improvements are detailed and further areas for performance improvements are suggested.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 900131I1. 10269,Telesoft and MODCOMP, MODCOMP TeleGen2 Ada System, MODCOMP 9730 Host and Target

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-31

STrh FILE COPy 0 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE O OW .- Sba,-, S Vm, _.b~ ,, S a. 1__ __ ,,.In ,,IWu O Sim w q viwim. _S . W .-.- smi Won m m,,~Ov -f ym...nd MODCOMP, MODCOMP TeleGen2 Ada System, MODUOMP 9730 (Hostt to arget), 90013111. 10269 CJ S AUHOR( S ) IABG-AVF 101tobrunn, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY...1. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a AGENCYG US NY(M W)LAP~rDT ~ ~ TTp N AE ORDIATO . PFIUNDI OGGNITION NAE( S ) ADO OOESS(ES) NUBER S IABG-AVF, Industr

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 880318W1. 09043 International Business Machines Corporation IBM Development System for the Ada Language, Version 2.1.0 IBM 4381 under VM/HPO, Host IBM 4381 under MVS/XA, Target

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-28

International Business Machines Corporation IBM Development System for the Ada Language, Version 2.1.0 IBM 4381 under VM/HPO, host IBM 4381 under MVS/XA, target...Program Office, AJPO 20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse side if necessary and identify by block number) International Business Machines Corporation, IBM...Standard ANSI/MIL-STD-1815A in the compiler listed in this declaration. I declare that International Business Machines Corporation is the owner of record

Manganese(II) Chloride Alters Nucleotide and Nucleoside Catabolism in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Adult Brain.

PubMed

Altenhofen, Stefani; Nabinger, Débora Dreher; Pereira, Talita Carneiro Brandão; Leite, Carlos Eduardo; Bogo, Maurício Reis; Bonan, Carla Denise

2018-05-01

ATP and adenosine, the main signaling molecules of purinergic system, are involved in toxicological effects induced by metals. The manganese (Mn) exposure induces several cellular changes, which could interfere with signaling pathways, such as the purinergic system. In this study, we evaluated the effects of exposure to manganese(II) chloride (MnCl 2 ) during 96 h on nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase), ecto-5'-nucleotidase, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities, followed by analyzing the gene expression patterns of NTPDases (entpd1, entpd2a.1, entpd2a.2, entpd2-like, entpd3) and ADA (ADA 1 , ADA 2.1 , ADA 2.2 , ADAasi, ADAL) families in zebrafish brain. In addition, the brain metabolism of nucleotides and nucleosides was evaluated after MnCl 2 exposure. The results showed that MnCl 2 exposure during 96 h inhibited the NTPDase (1.0 and 1.5 mM) and ecto-ADA (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mM) activities, further decreasing ADA2.1 expression at all MnCl 2 concentrations analyzed. Purine metabolism was also altered by the action of MnCl 2 . An increased amount of ADP appeared at all MnCl 2 concentrations analyzed; however, AMP and adenosine levels are decreased at the concentrations of 1.0 and 1.5 mM MnCl 2 , whereas decreased inosine (INO) levels were observed at all concentrations tested. The findings of this study demonstrated that MnCl 2 may inhibit NTPDase and ecto-ADA activities, consequently modulating nucleotide and nucleoside levels, which may contribute for the toxicological effects induced by this metal.

Long-term retention rates of adalimumab and infliximab in non-infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis.

PubMed

Fabiani, Claudia; Vitale, Antonio; Emmi, Giacomo; Bitossi, Alice; Lopalco, Giuseppe; Sota, Jurgen; Guerriero, Silvana; Orlando, Ida; Capozzoli, Marco; Fusco, Fiorella; Rana, Francesco; Iannone, Florenzo; Frediani, Bruno; Galeazzi, Mauro; Vannozzi, Lorenzo; Tosi, Gian Marco; Cantarini, Luca

2018-04-03

The aim of the present study was to compare long-term adalimumab (ADA) and infliximab (IFX) retention rates in patients with intermediate, posterior, or panuveitis. Additional aims are as follows: (i) to identify any difference in the causes of treatment discontinuation between patients treated with ADA and IFX; (ii) to assess any impact of demographic features, concomitant treatments, and different lines of biologic therapy on ADA and IFX retention rates; and (iii) to identify any correlation between ADA and IFX treatment duration and the age at uveitis onset, the age at onset of the associated systemic diseases, and the age at the start of treatment. Clinical, therapeutic, and demographic data from patients with non-infectious intermediate, posterior, or panuveitis treated with ADA or IFX were retrospectively collected. Kaplan-Meier plot and log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test were used to assess survival curves. One hundred eight patients (188 eyes) were enrolled; in 87 (80.6%) patients, uveitis was associated with a systemic disease. ADA and IFX were administered in 62 and 46 patients, respectively. No statistically significant differences were identified between ADA and IFX retention rates (p value = 0.22). Similarly, no differences were identified between ADA and IFX retention rates in relation to gender (p value = 0.61 for males, p value = 0.09 for females), monotherapy (p value = 0.08), combination therapy with conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (log-rank p value = 0.63), and different lines of biologic therapy (p value = 0.79 for biologic-naïve patients; p value = 0.81 for subjects previously treated with other biologics). In conclusion, ADA and IFX have similar long-term retention rates in patients with non-infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis. Demographic, clinical, and therapeutic features do not affect their long-term effectiveness.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Center, Ada, Oklahoma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Farrar-Nagy, S.; Voss, P.; Van Geet, O.

2006-10-01

U.S. EPA's Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Center, Ada, Oklahoma, has reduced its annual energy consumption by 45% by upgrading its building mechanical system and incorporating renewable energy.

QUEST/Ada: Query utility environment for software testing of Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, David B.

1989-01-01

Results of research and development efforts are presented for Task 1, Phase 2 of a general project entitled, The Development of a Program Analysis Environment for Ada. A prototype of the QUEST/Ada system was developed to collect data to determine the effectiveness of the rule-based testing paradigm. The prototype consists of five parts: the test data generator, the parser/scanner, the test coverage analyzer, a symbolic evaluator, and a data management facility, known as the Librarian. These components are discussed at length. Also presented is an experimental design for the evaluations, an overview of the project, and a schedule for its completion.

Ada 9X Project Report: Ada 9X Revision Issues. Release 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-04-01

interrupts in Ada. Users are using specialized run-time executives which promote semaphores , monitors , etc ., as well as interrupt support, are using...The focus here is on two specific problems: 1. lack of time-out on operations . 2. no efficient way to program a shared-variable monitor for the... operation . 43 !Issue implementation [3 - Remote Operations for Real-Time Systems ] The real-time implementation standards should define various remote

Index of USA-CERL Publications.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-07-01

Con- struction," by Paul Howdyshell, Nov 74, ADA003833. Technical Report E-63, "Comparative Evaluation of Military and Commercial Ammonia Oxidation ...Feb 81, ADA097222. Technical Report M-284, "An Evaluation of Polyvinyl Chlride (PVC) Single-Ply * Membrane Roofing Systems," by M. Rosentield, Mar 81...Field Welding of Aluminum ," by R. A. Weber, Oct 81, ADA109697. Technical Manuscript P-122, "Expected Use of Micro-Based Network Analysis," by Carl

Ada 9X Project Report, A Study of Implementation-Dependent Pragmas and Attributes in Ada

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-11-01

here communicatons with the vendor were often required to firmly establish the behavior of some implementation-dependent features CMU-SEI-SR-89-19 3 2.2...compilers), by potential market penetration (percent coverage of all surveyed implementations), and by cross-compiler influence (percentage of cross...operations in the context of a tightly integrated development environment, specific underlying operating system services (beneath the Ada run- time kernel

SDI satellite autonomy using AI and Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fiala, Harvey E.

1990-01-01

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the programming language Ada to help a satellite recover from selected failures that could lead to mission failure are described. An unmanned satellite will have a separate AI subsystem running in parallel with the normal satellite subsystems. A satellite monitoring subsystem (SMS), under the control of a blackboard system, will continuously monitor selected satellite subsystems to become alert to any actual or potential problems. In the case of loss of communications with the earth or the home base, the satellite will go into a survival mode to reestablish communications with the earth. The use of an AI subsystem in this manner would have avoided the tragic loss of the two recent Soviet probes that were sent to investigate the planet Mars and its moons. The blackboard system works in conjunction with an SMS and a reconfiguration control subsystem (RCS). It can be shown to be an effective way for one central control subsystem to monitor and coordinate the activities and loads of many interacting subsystems that may or may not contain redundant and/or fault-tolerant elements. The blackboard system will be coded in Ada using tools such as the ABLE development system and the Ada Production system.

The development of an Ada programming support environment database: SEAD (Software Engineering and Ada Database), user's manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liaw, Morris; Evesson, Donna

1988-01-01

This is a manual for users of the Software Engineering and Ada Database (SEAD). SEAD was developed to provide an information resource to NASA and NASA contractors with respect to Ada-based resources and activities that are available or underway either in NASA or elsewhere in the worldwide Ada community. The sharing of such information will reduce the duplication of effort while improving quality in the development of future software systems. The manual describes the organization of the data in SEAD, the user interface from logging in to logging out, and concludes with a ten chapter tutorial on how to use the information in SEAD. Two appendices provide quick reference for logging into SEAD and using the keyboard of an IBM 3270 or VT100 computer terminal.

STGT program: Ada coding and architecture lessons learned

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Usavage, Paul; Nagurney, Don

1992-01-01

STGT (Second TDRSS Ground Terminal) is currently halfway through the System Integration Test phase (Level 4 Testing). To date, many software architecture and Ada language issues have been encountered and solved. This paper, which is the transcript of a presentation at the 3 Dec. meeting, attempts to define these lessons plus others learned regarding software project management and risk management issues, training, performance, reuse, and reliability. Observations are included regarding the use of particular Ada coding constructs, software architecture trade-offs during the prototyping, development and testing stages of the project, and dangers inherent in parallel or concurrent systems, software, hardware, and operations engineering.

Ada (Trade Name) Bibliography. Volume 2.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-03-01

for every journal. The publisher information V,.0 appears if the document is a textbook. N % Xle r , , % 1= &-6 Ada Bibliography Volume 11 9 3. DOCUMENT...THE ADA LkNGUAGE SYSTEM PROJECT RAKITIN. STEVEN R . 6TH INT’L CONF ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING: POSTER SESSION, PP. 49-50. 09/16/82 This paper discusses...VALIDATION AVAILABLE FROM: NATL.TECHNCL INF.SVC.5285 PORT ROYAL RD,SPRINGFIELD.VA SPONSORS: U.S.ARMY,COMMUNICATIONS R & D COMND, FT.MONMOUTH, NJ DOCUMENT

Index to FAA Office of Aerospace Medicine Reports: 1961 Through 2012

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

air traffic control research task. AD660198 65-32 Gogel WC, Mertens HW: Problems in depth perception: A method of simulating objects moving in depth...ADA092529/7 80-14 Smith RC: Stress, anxiety, and the air traffic control specialist: Some conclusions from a decade of research . ADA093266/5 80-15...PS, Manning CA: Selection of air traffic controllers for automated systems: applications from current research . ADA230058 90-14 Parker JF Jr, Shepherd

Review of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ziebinski, Adam; Cupek, Rafal; Grzechca, Damian; Chruszczyk, Lukas

2017-11-01

New cars can be equipped with many advanced safety solutions. Airbags, seatbelts and all of the essential passive safety parts are standard equipment. Now cars are often equipped with new advanced active safety systems that can prevent accidents. The functions of the Advanced Driver Assistance Systems are still growing. A review of the most popular available technologies used in ADAS and descriptions of their application areas are discussed in this paper.

Immunologic reconstitution during PEG-ADA therapy in an unusual mosaic ADA deficient patient.

PubMed

Liu, Ping; Santisteban, Ines; Burroughs, Lauri M; Ochs, Hans D; Torgerson, Troy R; Hershfield, Michael S; Rawlings, David J; Scharenberg, Andrew M

2009-02-01

We report detailed genetic and immunologic studies in a patient diagnosed with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency and combined immune deficiency at age 5 years. At the time of diagnosis, although all other lymphocyte subsets were depleted, circulating CD8(+) T cells with a terminally differentiated phenotype were abundant and expressed normal ADA activity due to a reversion mutation in a CD8(+) T cell or precursor. Over the first 9 months of replacement therapy with PEG-ADA, the patient steadily accumulated mature naïve CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, as well as CD4(+)/FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells, consistent with restoration of a functional cellular immune system. While CD19(+) naïve B cells also accumulated in response to PEG-ADA therapy, a high proportion of these B cells exhibited an immature surface marker phenotype even after 9 months, and immunization with neoantigen bacteriophage varphiX174 demonstrated a markedly subnormal humoral immune response. Our observations in this single patient have important implications for gene therapy of human ADA deficiency, as they indicate that ADA expression within even a large circulating lymphocyte population may not be sufficient to support adequate immune reconstitution. They also suggest that an immature surface marker phenotype of the peripheral B cell compartment may be a useful surrogate marker for incomplete humoral immune reconstitution during enzyme replacement, and possibly other forms of hematopoietic cell therapies.

CIFO 3.0

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rogers, Pat

1992-01-01

The Ada Runtime Environment Working Group has, since 1985, developed and published the Catalog of Interface Features and Options (CFIO) for Ada runtime environments. These interfaces, expressed in legal Ada, provide 'hooks' into the runtime system to export both functionality and enhanced performance beyond that of 'vanilla' Ada implementations. Such enhancements include high- and low-level scheduling control, asynchronous communications facilities, predictable storage management facilities, and fast interrupt response. CIFO 3.0 represents the latest release, which incorporates the efforts of the European real time community as well as new interfaces and expansions of previous catalog entries. This presentation will give both an overview of the Catalog's contents and an 'insider's' view of the Catalog as a whole.

Design of an Ada expert system shell for the VHSIC avionic modular flight processor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fanning, F. Jesse

1992-01-01

The Embedded Computer System Expert System Shell (ES Shell) is an Ada-based expert system shell developed at the Avionics Laboratory for use on the VHSIC Avionic Modular Processor (VAMP) running under the Ada Avionics Real-Time Software (AARTS) Operating System. The ES Shell provides the interface between the expert system and the avionics environment, and controls execution of the expert system. Testing of the ES Shell in the Avionics Laboratory's Integrated Test Bed (ITB) has demonstrated its ability to control a non-deterministic software application executing on the VAMP's which can control the ITB's real-time closed-loop aircraft simulation. The results of these tests and the conclusions reached in the design and development of the ES Shell have played an important role in the formulation of the requirements for a production-quality expert system inference engine, an ingredient necessary for the successful use of expert systems on the VAMP embedded avionic flight processor.

Development of an Antifungal Denture Adhesive Film for Oral Candidiasis Utilizing Hot Melt Extrusion Technology

PubMed Central

Park, Jun-Bom; Prodduturi, Suneela; Morott, Joe; Kulkarni, Vijay I.; Jacob, Melissa R.; Khan, Shabana I.; Stodghill, Steven P.; Repka, Michael A.

2017-01-01

Objectives The overall goal of this research was to produce a stable hot-melt extruded “Antifungal Denture Adhesive film” (ADA) system for the treatment of oral candidiasis. Methods The ADA systems with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and/or polyethylene oxide (PEO) containing clotrimazole (10%) or nystatin (10%) were extruded utilizing a lab scale twin-screw hot-melt extruder. Rolls of the antifungal-containing films were collected and subsequently die-cut into shapes adapted for a maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) denture. Results DSC and PXRD results indicated that the crystallinity of both APIs was changed to amorphous phase after hot-melt extrusion. The ADA system, containing blends of HPC and PEO, enhanced the effectiveness of the antimicrobials a maximum of 5-fold toward the inhibition of cell adherence of C. albicans to mammalian cells/Vero cells. Remarkably, a combination of the two polymers without drug also demonstrated a 38% decrease in cell adhesion to the fungi due to the viscosity and the flexibility of the polymers. Drug-release profiles indicated that both drug concentrations were above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for C. albicans within 10 minutes and was maintained for over 10 hours. In addition, based on the IC50 and MIC values, it was observed that the antifungal activities of both drugs were increased significantly in the ADA systems. Conclusions Based on these findings, the ADA system may be used for primary, prophylaxis or adjunct treatment of oral or pharyngeal candidiasis via controlled-release of the antifungal agent from the polymer matrix. PMID:25169007

Development of an antifungal denture adhesive film for oral candidiasis utilizing hot melt extrusion technology.

PubMed

Park, Jun-Bom; Prodduturi, Suneela; Morott, Joe; Kulkarni, Vijay I; Jacob, Melissa R; Khan, Shabana I; Stodghill, Steven P; Repka, Michael A

2015-01-01

The overall goal of this research was to produce a stable hot-melt extruded 'Antifungal Denture Adhesive film' (ADA) system for the treatment of oral candidiasis. The ADA systems with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and/or polyethylene oxide (PEO) containing clotrimazole (10%) or nystatin (10%) were extruded utilizing a lab scale twin-screw hot-melt extruder. Rolls of the antifungal-containing films were collected and subsequently die-cut into shapes adapted for a maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) denture. Differential scanning calorimeter and powder X-ray diffraction results indicated that the crystallinity of both APIs was changed to amorphous phase after hot-melt extrusion. The ADA system, containing blends of HPC and PEO, enhanced the effectiveness of the antimicrobials a maximum of fivefold toward the inhibition of cell adherence of Candida albicans to mammalian cells/Vero cells. Remarkably, a combination of the two polymers without drug also demonstrated a 38% decrease in cell adhesion to the fungi due to the viscosity and the flexibility of the polymers. Drug-release profiles indicated that both drug concentrations were above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for C. albicans within 10 min and was maintained for over 10 h. In addition, based on the IC50 and MIC values, it was observed that the antifungal activities of both drugs were increased significantly in the ADA systems. Based on these findings, the ADA system may be used for primary, prophylaxis or adjunct treatment of oral or pharyngeal candidiasis via controlled release of the antifungal agent from the polymer matrix.

Distributed Issues for Ada Real-Time Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-07-23

NUMBERS Distributed Issues for Ada Real - Time Systems MDA 903-87- C- 0056 S. AUTHOR(S) Thomas E. Griest 7. PERFORMING ORGANiZATION NAME(S) AND ADORESS(ES) 8...considerations. I Adding to the problem of distributed real - time systems is the issue of maintaining a common sense of time among all of the processors...because -omeone is waiting for the final output of a very large set of computations. However in real - time systems , consistent meeting of short-term

The implementation and use of ADA on distributed systems with high reliability requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knight, J. C.

1985-01-01

The use and implementation of Ada in distributed environments in which reliability is the primary concern is investigated. Emphasis is placed on the possibility that a distributed system may be programmed entirely in Ada so that the individual tasks of the system are unconcerned with which processors they are executing on, and that failures may occur in the software or underlying hardware. A new linguistic construct, the colloquy, is introduced which solves the problems identified in an earlier proposal, the conversation. It was shown that the colloquy is at least as powerful as recovery blocks, but it is also as powerful as all the other language facilities proposed for other situations requiring backward error recovery: recovery blocks, deadlines, generalized exception handlers, traditional conversations, s-conversations, and exchanges. The major features that distinguish the colloquy are described. Sample programs that were written, but not executed, using the colloquy show that extensive backward error recovery can be included in these programs simply and elegantly. These ideas are being implemented in an experimental Ada test bed.

Position of the American Dietetic Association: nutrition standards for child-care programs.

PubMed

1999-08-01

ADA supports achievement of comprehensive nutrition standards in child-care programs. The standards presented in this position paper focus on meeting the child's nutrition needs and providing a safe and pleasant environment that promotes acquisition of eating habits that prevent disease and enable healthy growth and development. Dietetics professionals can play a powerful role in advocating and assisting the acceptance of child-care nutrition standards by parents, caregivers, foodservice personnel, and directors and policy makers for child-care programs.

CABINS: A Framework of Knowledge Acquisition and Iterative Revision for Schedule Improvement and Reactive Repair

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-09-01

Aritificial Intelligence , pages 284-290, Los Angeles, CA, 1985 IJOAI 41 ADA2938 [KY89] Naiping Keng and David Y. Y. Yun. A plsaning/scheduling methodology for...of the 12th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1.g), pages 218-224, S)dney, Australia, 1991. * Cha93j Alok &t Chaturvedi...National Conference an Artifi cial Intelligence , pages 49-54, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 1988. AAAI. [Fox83] Mark Fox. Constraint-Directed Seareh: A Case Study

Artificial Intelligence for VHSIC Systems Design (AIVD) User Reference Manual

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-12-01

The goal of this program was to develop prototype tools which would use artificial intelligence techniques to extend the Architecture Design and Assessment (ADAS) software capabilities. These techniques were applied in a number of ways to increase the productivity of ADAS users. AIM will reduce the amount of time spent on tedious, negative, and error-prone steps. It will also provide f documentation that will assist users in varifying that the models they build are correct Finally, AIVD will help make ADAS models more reusable.

Ada as an implementation language for knowledge based systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rochowiak, Daniel

1990-01-01

Debates about the selection of programming languages often produce cultural collisions that are not easily resolved. This is especially true in the case of Ada and knowledge based programming. The construction of programming tools provides a desirable alternative for resolving the conflict.

Assimilation for skin SST in the NASA GEOS atmospheric data assimilation system.

PubMed

Akella, Santha; Todling, Ricardo; Suarez, Max

2017-01-01

The present article describes the sea surface temperature (SST) developments implemented in the Goddard Earth Observing System, Version 5 (GEOS-5) Atmospheric Data Assimilation System (ADAS). These are enhancements that contribute to the development of an atmosphere-ocean coupled data assimilation system using GEOS. In the current quasi-operational GEOS-ADAS, the SST is a boundary condition prescribed based on the OSTIA product, therefore SST and skin SST (Ts) are identical. This work modifies the GEOS-ADAS Ts by modeling and assimilating near sea surface sensitive satellite infrared (IR) observations. The atmosphere-ocean interface layer of the GEOS atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) is updated to include near surface diurnal warming and cool-skin effects. The GEOS analysis system is also updated to directly assimilate SST-relevant Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) radiance observations. Data assimilation experiments designed to evaluate the Ts modification in GEOS-ADAS show improvements in the assimilation of radiance observations that extends beyond the thermal IR bands of AVHRR. In particular, many channels of hyperspectral sensors, such as those of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) are also better assimilated. We also obtained improved fit to withheld, in-situ buoy measurement of near-surface SST. Evaluation of forecast skill scores show marginal to neutral benefit from the modified Ts.

Assimilation for Skin SST in the NASA GEOS Atmospheric Data Assimilation System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Akella, Santha; Todling, Ricardo; Suarez, Max

2017-01-01

The present article describes the sea surface temperature (SST) developments implemented in the Goddard Earth Observing System, Version 5 (GEOS) Atmospheric Data Assimilation System (ADAS). These are enhancements that contribute to the development of an atmosphere-ocean coupled data assimilation system using GEOS. In the current quasi-operational GEOS-ADAS, the SST is a boundary condition prescribed based on the OSTIA product, therefore SST and skin SST (Ts) are identical. This work modifies the GEOS-ADAS Ts by modelling and assimilating near sea surface sensitive satellite infrared (IR) observations. The atmosphere-ocean interface layer of the GEOS atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) is updated to include near-surface diurnal warming and cool-skin effects. The GEOS analysis system is also updated to directly assimilate SST-relevant Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) radiance observations. Data assimilation experiments designed to evaluate the Ts modification in GEOS-ADAS show improvements in the assimilation of radiance observations that extend beyond the thermal infrared bands of AVHRR. In particular, many channels of hyperspectral sensors, such as those of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) are also better assimilated. We also obtained improved fit to withheld insitu buoy measurement of near-surface SST. Evaluation of forecast skill scores show neutral to marginal benefit from the modified Ts.

Parallel Ada benchmarks for the SVMS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Collard, Philippe E.

1990-01-01

The use of parallel processing paradigm to design and develop faster and more reliable computers appear to clearly mark the future of information processing. NASA started the development of such an architecture: the Spaceborne VHSIC Multi-processor System (SVMS). Ada will be one of the languages used to program the SVMS. One of the unique characteristics of Ada is that it supports parallel processing at the language level through the tasking constructs. It is important for the SVMS project team to assess how efficiently the SVMS architecture will be implemented, as well as how efficiently Ada environment will be ported to the SVMS. AUTOCLASS II, a Bayesian classifier written in Common Lisp, was selected as one of the benchmarks for SVMS configurations. The purpose of the R and D effort was to provide the SVMS project team with the version of AUTOCLASS II, written in Ada, that would make use of Ada tasking constructs as much as possible so as to constitute a suitable benchmark. Additionally, a set of programs was developed that would measure Ada tasking efficiency on parallel architectures as well as determine the critical parameters influencing tasking efficiency. All this was designed to provide the SVMS project team with a set of suitable tools in the development of the SVMS architecture.

Programming in a proposed 9X distributed Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Waldrop, Raymond S.; Volz, Richard A.; Goldsack, Stephen J.; Holzbach-Valero, A. A.

1991-01-01

The studies of the proposed Ada 9X constructs for distribution, now referred to as AdaPT are reported. The goals for this time period were to revise the chosen example scenario and to begin studying about how the proposed constructs might be implemented. The example scenario chosen is the Submarine Combat Information Center (CIC) developed by IBM for the Navy. The specification provided by IBM was preliminary and had several deficiencies. To address these problems, some changes to the scenario specification were made. Some of the more important changes include: (1) addition of a system database management function; (2) addition of a fourth processing unit to the standard resources; (3) addition of an operator console interface function; and (4) removal of the time synchronization function. To implement the CIC scenario in AdaPT, the decided strategy were publics, partitions, and nodes. The principle purpose for implementing the CIC scenario was to demonstrate how the AdaPT constructs interact with the program structure. While considering ways that the AdaPt constructs might be translated to Ada 83, it was observed that the partition construct could reasonably be modeled as an abstract data type. Although this gives a useful method of modeling partitions, it does not at all address the configuration aspects on the node construct.

Ada and the rapid development lifecycle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Deforrest, Lloyd; Gref, Lynn

1991-01-01

JPL is under contract, through NASA, with the US Army to develop a state-of-the-art Command Center System for the US European Command (USEUCOM). The Command Center System will receive, process, and integrate force status information from various sources and provide this integrated information to staff officers and decision makers in a format designed to enhance user comprehension and utility. The system is based on distributed workstation class microcomputers, VAX- and SUN-based data servers, and interfaces to existing military mainframe systems and communication networks. JPL is developing the Command Center System utilizing an incremental delivery methodology called the Rapid Development Methodology with adherence to government and industry standards including the UNIX operating system, X Windows, OSF/Motif, and the Ada programming language. Through a combination of software engineering techniques specific to the Ada programming language and the Rapid Development Approach, JPL was able to deliver capability to the military user incrementally, with comparable quality and improved economies of projects developed under more traditional software intensive system implementation methodologies.

Establish and Evaluate Ada Runtime Features of Interest for Real-Time Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-02-15

Runtime Features of Interest for Real - Time Systems -,-. CLEARED POR :)E,4 pUEL tCATLON SEP 2 0 19E19 ,CETM ORP t ’R RE LOO O Nt-U~HM- ANDQ SECURITY...ESTABLISH AND EVALUATE py ADA RUNTIME FEATURES OF INTEREST FOR REAL - TIME SYSTEMS CONTRACT NUMBER: MDA 903-87-D-0056 IITRI PROJECT NUMBER: T06168 PREPARED...2 2.0 SELECTION PROCESS OVERVIEW .................................... 3 2.1 REAL - TIME SYSTEMS IDENTIFICATION ........................... 4 2.2

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report. Certificate Number: 921004W1. 11281, Verdix Corporation VADS System V/386/486 VAda-110-3232, Version 6.1, AST Premium 486 under UNIX System V, Release 4.0.

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-11-18

Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-128 AVr Control Number: AVF-VSR-542-1092 Date VSR Complete: 18 November 1992 92-06-23- vRx Ada COMPILER...System: AST Premium 486 under UNIX System V, Release 4.0 Customer Agreement Number: 92-06-23- VRX See section 3.1 for any additional information about

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report. Certificate Number: 900726W1. 11017, Verdix Corporation VADS IBM RISC System/6000, AIX 3.1, VAda-110-7171, Version 6.0 IBM RISC System/6000 Model 530 = IBM RISC System/6000 Model 530

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-22

Customer Agreement Number: 90-05-29- VRX See Section 3.1 for any additional information about the testing environment. As a result of this validation...22 January 1991 90-05-29- VRX Ada COMPILER VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT: Certificate Number: 900726W1.11017 Verdix Corporation VADS IBM RISC System/6000

Fine-Tuning ADAS Algorithm Parameters for Optimizing Traffic Safety and Mobility in Connected Vehicle Environment

EPA Science Inventory

With the development of Connected Vehicle Technology that facilitates wireless communication among vehicles and road-side infrastructure, the Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) can be adopted as an effective tool for accelerating traffic safety and mobility optimization at...

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Harris Corporation, Computer System Division Harris Ada, Version 5.0, Harris HCX-2900 (Host & Target), 890627W1.10104

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-06-27

e-~ff fa ILE’d (X#,: A -A21 1 624 AT I Cl PAGE 6F711 o. IY PE or SPIEOR! a PtE.O.,. COV’ERED Ada Compiler Validation Sunrary Repor t : Harri ., 27...June 1989 to 27 June 1990 Lorporatior. COMPUter 5SV te. DiVisionI harris A&,~, Version PL!fM~ Rp m~. -. 0, Harri s hCY-2QflO (H1-int cThlr~et z) 062 7V...ANSI/F.L-S7D- 1815A, Ada Joint Prograrm Office, AJPO 20. ARSIRA: I (Comtnut OM ?tWvSP Side of necciiorj end idern’f by block number) Harris

Immunologic reconstitution during PEG-ADA therapy in an unusual mosaic ADA-deficient patient

PubMed Central

Liu, Ping; Santisteban, Ines; Burroughs, Laurie M.; Ochs, Hans D.; Torgerson, Troy R.; Hershfield, Michael S.; Rawlings, David J.; Scharenberg, Andrew M.

2009-01-01

We report detailed genetic and immunologic studies in a patient diagnosed with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency and combined immune deficiency at age 5 years. At the time of diagnosis, although all other lymphocyte subsets were depleted, circulating CD8+ T cells with a terminally differentiated phenotype were abundant and expressed normal ADA activity due to a reversion mutation in a CD8+ T cell or precursor. Over the first 9 months of replacement therapy with PEG-ADA, the patient steadily accumulated mature naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as CD4+/FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, consistent with restoration of a functional cellular immune system. While CD19+ naïve B cells also accumulated in response to PEG-ADA therapy, a high proportion of these B cells exhibited an immature surface marker phenotype even after 9 months, and immunization with neoantigen bacteriophage φX174 demonstrated a markedly subnormal humoral immune response. Our observations in this single patient have important implications for gene therapy of human ADA deficiency, as they indicate that ADA expression within even a large circulating lymphocyte population may not be sufficient to support adequate immune reconstitution. They also suggest that an immature surface marker phenotype of the peripheral B cell compartment may be a useful surrogate marker for incomplete humoral immune reconstitution during enzyme replacement, and possibly other forms of hematopoietic cell therapies. PMID:18952502

Seed specific expression and analysis of recombinant human adenosine deaminase (hADA) in three host plant species.

PubMed

Doshi, Ketan M; Loukanina, Natalia N; Polowick, Patricia L; Holbrook, Larry A

2016-10-01

The plant seed is a leading platform amongst plant-based storage systems for the production of recombinant proteins. In this study, we compared the activity of human adenosine deaminase (hADA) expressed in transgenic seeds of three different plant species: pea (Pisum sativum L.), Nicotiana benthamiana L. and tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet). All three species were transformed with the same expression vector containing the hADA gene driven by the seed-specific promoter LegA2 with an apoplast targeting pinII signal peptide. During the study, several independent transgenic lines were generated and screened from each plant species and only lines with a single copy of the gene of interest were used for hADA expression analysis. A stable transgenic canola line expressing the ADA protein, under the control of 35S constitutive promoter was used as both as a positive control and for comparative study with the seed specific promoter. Significant differences were detected in the expression of hADA. The highest activity of the hADA enzyme (Units/g seed) was reported in tarwi (4.26 U/g) followed by pea (3.23 U/g) and Nicotiana benthamiana (1.69 U/g). The expression of mouse ADA in canola was very low in both seed and leaf tissue compared to other host plants, confirming higher activity of seed specific promoter. Altogether, these results suggest that tarwi could be an excellent candidate for the production of valuable recombinant proteins.

Alterations in the adenosine metabolism and CD39/CD73 adenosinergic machinery cause loss of Treg cell function and autoimmunity in ADA-deficient SCID

PubMed Central

Sauer, Aisha V.; Brigida, Immacolata; Carriglio, Nicola; Jofra Hernandez, Raisa; Scaramuzza, Samantha; Clavenna, Daniela; Sanvito, Francesca; Poliani, Pietro L.; Gagliani, Nicola; Carlucci, Filippo; Tabucchi, Antonella; Roncarolo, Maria Grazia; Traggiai, Elisabetta; Villa, Anna

2012-01-01

Adenosine acts as anti-inflammatory mediator on the immune system and has been described in regulatory T cell (Treg)–mediated suppression. In the absence of adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenosine and other purine metabolites accumulate, leading to severe immunodeficiency with recurrent infections (ADA-SCID). Particularly ADA-deficient patients with late-onset forms and after enzyme replacement therapy (PEG-ADA) are known to manifest immune dysregulation. Herein we provide evidence that alterations in the purine metabolism interfere with Treg function, thereby contributing to autoimmune manifestations in ADA deficiency. Tregs isolated from PEG-ADA–treated patients are reduced in number and show decreased suppressive activity, whereas they are corrected after gene therapy. Untreated murine ADA−/− Tregs show alterations in the plasma membrane CD39/CD73 ectonucleotidase machinery and limited suppressive activity via extracellular adenosine. PEG-ADA–treated mice developed multiple autoantibodies and hypothyroidism in contrast to mice treated with bone marrow transplantation or gene therapy. Tregs isolated from PEG-ADA–treated mice lacked suppressive activity, suggesting that this treatment interferes with Treg functionality. The alterations in the CD39/CD73 adenosinergic machinery and loss of function in ADA-deficient Tregs provide new insights into a predisposition to autoimmunity and the underlying mechanisms causing defective peripheral tolerance in ADA-SCID. Trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00598481/NCT00599781. PMID:22184407

Proceedings of the Annual National Conference on ADA Technology (9th) Held in Washington, DC on 4-7 March 1991

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-03-07

rsolve the attack; delay whil the weapon has to wait; RESOURCE ALLOCATION . PRIORITY OF signal readiness to CONTROL; TARGETS. AND BIAS OF THE SYSTEM...Communications Systems. focal point for Computer Resource He served as project manager for the Management (CRM), Advanced Software development of the Joint...Interface Test Technology (AST), Ada Technology, Systems (JITS) - the world’s largest Joint/Army Interoperability Testing distributed command and

75 FR 49351 - Prevailing Rate Systems; Nonappropriated Fund Wage and Survey Areas

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-13

... area plus: Illinois: Cook Rock Island Vermilion Iowa: Johnson Michigan: Dickinson Marquette Wisconsin...) Fairbanks North Star Juneau Kenai Peninsula Ketchikan Gateway Kodiak Island Sitka Southeast Fairbanks Valdez... Islands: Midway Islands Johnston Atoll American Samoa IDAHO Ada[dash]Elmore Survey Area Idaho: Ada Elmore...

URV Flight Test of an ADA Implemented Self-Repairing Flight Control System

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-08-01

USE ONLY(Leave blank) I2. REPORT DATE j3.REOTYPANDTSCVRD JAUG 1992 j FINAL 01/01/85--08/31/92 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE URV FL GHT TEST OF AN ADA IMPLEMESNT...History of the XBQM-106 2 2.0 Self-Repairing Flight Control System 4 Introduction 2.1 Control System Reconfiguration 5 Strategy 2.2 Failure Detection...ji * Ill ’ha A GJ s.d I I I C S U L 3 2.0 Self-Repairing Flight Control System Introduction Self-Repairing Flight Control Systems (SRFCS) are an

Gender-specific association of ADA genetic polymorphism with human longevity.

PubMed

Napolioni, Valerio; Lucarini, Nazzareno

2010-08-01

Aim of this study was to investigate whether the polymorphic ADA (Adenosine Deaminase, EC 3.5.4.4) gene, which determines the cellular level of adenosine and plays a crucial role in the regulation of the immune system and in the control of metabolic rates, is involved in longevity. 884 unrelated healthy individuals (age range 10-106 years, 400 males and 484 females) from central Italy were studied. ADA genotyping was performed by RFLP-PCR. Frequency distributions were compared using the chi-square test and a three-way contingency table analysis by a log linear model was applied to test independence between the variables. We found that ADA influences human life-span in a sex and age specific way. An increased frequency of ADA*2 carriers was found in males aged 80-85, and a decreased frequency in males over 85 (chi(2) = 13.93; df = 3; P = 0.003); significant differences among the age groups was not found in females. A strong interaction among age groups, ADA genotype and sex (G = 15.086; df = 3; P = 0.0017) was found. Males aged 80-85 could be protected from ischemic stroke by higher levels of adenosine (determined by the ADA*2 allele). The decrease of ADA*2 carriers in males over 85 may depend essentially on immunological factors; reduced levels of adenosine protect from asthma and other pulmonary diseases and lead to a reduced activation of inflammatory cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines production. Moreover, the low level of adenosine may potentiate the activity of NK and other cellular effectors against tumor cells. The negligible effect of ADA genetic polymorphism in females suggest a marginal influence of genetic factors in determining longevity in this sex, confirming previous reports.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number 910705S1. 11192 InterAct Corporation InterAct Ada Mips Cross-Compiler System, Release 2.0 MicroVAX 3100 Cluster = Lockheed Sanders STAR MVP R3000/R3010 board (Bare Machine).

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-07-31

have floating-point type declarations requiring more digits than SYSTEM.MAXDIGITS: C24113L..Y (14 tests) C35705L..Y (14 tests) C357C6L..Y (14 tests...2_147_483_648..2_147_483_647; type FLOAT is digits 6 range -2#l.0#E128.. 2#0.IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII#El28; type LONGFLOAT is digits 15 range -2#l.0#EI024.. 2...are instan- tated into libary packages or subprograms.) F-14 Appendix F of the Ada Reference Manual F.8.1. Address Clauses for Variables Address

A2A adenosine receptor ligand binding and signalling is allosterically modulated by adenosine deaminase.

PubMed

Gracia, Eduard; Pérez-Capote, Kamil; Moreno, Estefanía; Barkešová, Jana; Mallol, Josefa; Lluís, Carme; Franco, Rafael; Cortés, Antoni; Casadó, Vicent; Canela, Enric I

2011-05-01

A2ARs (adenosine A2A receptors) are highly enriched in the striatum, which is the main motor control CNS (central nervous system) area. BRET (bioluminescence resonance energy transfer) assays showed that A2AR homomers may act as cell-surface ADA (adenosine deaminase; EC 3.5.4.4)-binding proteins. ADA binding affected the quaternary structure of A2ARs present on the cell surface. ADA binding to adenosine A2ARs increased both agonist and antagonist affinity on ligand binding to striatal membranes where these proteins are co-expressed. ADA also increased receptor-mediated ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) phosphorylation. Collectively, the results of the present study show that ADA, apart from regulating the concentration of extracellular adenosine, may behave as an allosteric modulator that markedly enhances ligand affinity and receptor function. This powerful regulation may have implications for the physiology and pharmacology of neuronal A2ARs.

Involvement of cholinergic and adenosinergic systems on the branchial immune response of experimentally infected silver catfish with Streptococcus agalactiae.

PubMed

Baldissera, M D; Souza, C F; Doleski, P H; Moreira, K L S; da Veiga, M L; da Rocha, M I U M; Santos, R C V; Baldisserotto, B

2018-01-01

It has been recognized that the cholinergic and adenosinergic systems have an essential role in immune and inflammatory responses during bacterial fish pathogens, such as the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and adenosine deaminase (ADA), which are responsible for catalysis of the anti-inflammatory molecules acetylcholine (ACh) and adenosine (Ado) respectively. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of the cholinergic and adenosinergic systems on the immune response and inflammatory process in gills of experimentally infected Rhamdia quelen with Streptococcus agalactiae. Acetylcholinesterase activity decreased, while ACh levels increased in gills of infected animals compared to uninfected animals. On the other hand, a significant increase in ADA activity with a concomitant decrease in Ado levels was observed in infected animals compared to uninfected animals. Based on this evidence, we concluded that infection by S. agalactiae in silver catfish alters the cholinergic and adenosinergic systems, suggesting the involvement of AChE and ADA activities on immune and inflammatory responses, regulating the ACh and Ado levels. In summary, the downregulation of AChE activity exerts an anti-inflammatory profile in an attempt to reduce or prevent the tissue damage, while the upregulation of ADA activity exerts a pro-inflammatory profile, contributing to disease pathophysiology. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

ADA Integrated Environment III. System Specification.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

different from Report) Same ’S. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES RADC Project Engineer: Elizabeth S. Kean (COES) 19. KEY WORDS (Cortinue an reverse s,do if...is a (ollection of programs associated with the Ada Integrated Environment instead of a particular user. When the AlE is bru (Jht tip on a machine, the

Novel Blood Purification System for Regulating Excessive Immune Reactions in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: An Ex Vivo Pilot Study.

PubMed

Hara, Yoshitaka; Shimomura, Yasuyo; Nakamura, Tomoyuki; Kuriyama, Naohide; Yamashita, Chizuru; Kato, Yu; Miyasho, Taku; Sakai, Toshikazu; Yamada, Shingo; Moriyama, Kazuhiro; Nishida, Osamu

2015-08-01

Promising results have been reported with blood purification as adjuvant treatment; however, the immunological mechanisms remain unclear. We have been developing a new blood purification system for regulating excessive immune reactions in severe sepsis and septic shock using a granulocyte adsorbing column (Adacolumn [Ada]), and a cytokine-adsorbing hemofilter (AN69ST hemofilter [AN69]). Fresh porcine blood was circulated for 6 h in five experimental groups including Ada and AN69 to assess the effects of leukocyte adsorption, phagocytic activity and adhesiveness of granulocytes. In the present study, we found that Ada mainly adsorbed granulocytes and monocytes, but not lymphocytes. The phagocytic activity level of granulocytes decreased, and adhesiveness increased, but the number of CD11b-positive cells markedly decreased in the current system. Elevated cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-10) at the outlet of Ada were significantly lower than at the outlet of AN69 due to cytokine adsorption. Further studies are needed to better understand cellular interactions. © 2015 International Society for Apheresis, Japanese Society for Apheresis, and Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy.

A high-order language for a system of closely coupled processing elements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feyock, S.; Collins, W. R.

1986-01-01

The research reported in this paper was occasioned by the requirements on part of the Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) project under way at NASA Lewis Research Center. The RTDS simulation scheme employs a network of CPUs running lock-step cycles in the parallel computations of jet airplane simulations. Their need for a high order language (HOL) that would allow non-experts to write simulation applications and that could be implemented on a possibly varying network can best be fulfilled by using the programming language Ada. We describe how the simulation problems can be modeled in Ada, how to map a single, multi-processing Ada program into code for individual processors, regardless of network reconfiguration, and why some Ada language features are particulary well-suited to network simulations.

Using Penelope to assess the correctness of NASA Ada software: A demonstration of formal methods as a counterpart to testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eichenlaub, Carl T.; Harper, C. Douglas; Hird, Geoffrey

1993-01-01

Life-critical applications warrant a higher level of software reliability than has yet been achieved. Since it is not certain that traditional methods alone can provide the required ultra reliability, new methods should be examined as supplements or replacements. This paper describes a mathematical counterpart to the traditional process of empirical testing. ORA's Penelope verification system is demonstrated as a tool for evaluating the correctness of Ada software. Grady Booch's Ada calendar utility package, obtained through NASA, was specified in the Larch/Ada language. Formal verification in the Penelope environment established that many of the package's subprograms met their specifications. In other subprograms, failed attempts at verification revealed several errors that had escaped detection by testing.

Assimilation for skin SST in the NASA GEOS atmospheric data assimilation system

PubMed Central

Akella, Santha; Todling, Ricardo; Suarez, Max

2018-01-01

The present article describes the sea surface temperature (SST) developments implemented in the Goddard Earth Observing System, Version 5 (GEOS-5) Atmospheric Data Assimilation System (ADAS). These are enhancements that contribute to the development of an atmosphere-ocean coupled data assimilation system using GEOS. In the current quasi-operational GEOS-ADAS, the SST is a boundary condition prescribed based on the OSTIA product, therefore SST and skin SST (Ts) are identical. This work modifies the GEOS-ADAS Ts by modeling and assimilating near sea surface sensitive satellite infrared (IR) observations. The atmosphere-ocean interface layer of the GEOS atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) is updated to include near surface diurnal warming and cool-skin effects. The GEOS analysis system is also updated to directly assimilate SST-relevant Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) radiance observations. Data assimilation experiments designed to evaluate the Ts modification in GEOS-ADAS show improvements in the assimilation of radiance observations that extends beyond the thermal IR bands of AVHRR. In particular, many channels of hyperspectral sensors, such as those of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) are also better assimilated. We also obtained improved fit to withheld, in-situ buoy measurement of near-surface SST. Evaluation of forecast skill scores show marginal to neutral benefit from the modified Ts. PMID:29628531

High-Resolution Analysis Products to Support Severe Weather and Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Threat Assessments over Florida

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Case, Jonathan; Spratt, Scott; Sharp, David

2006-01-01

The Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU) located at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC)/Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) implemented an operational configuration of the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) Data Analysis System (ADAS), as well as the ARPS numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. Operational, high-resolution ADAS analyses have been produced from this configuration at the National Weather Service in Melbourne, FL (NWS MLB) and the Spaceflight Meteorology Group (SMG) over the past several years. Since that time, ADAS fields have become an integral part of forecast operations at both NWS MLB and SMG. To continue providing additional utility, the AMU has been tasked to implement visualization products to assess the potential for supercell thunderstorms and significant tornadoes, and to improve assessments of short-term cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning potential. This paper and presentation focuses on the visualization products developed by the AMU for the operational high-resolution ADAS and AR.PS at the NWS MLB and SMG. The two severe weather threat graphics implemented within ADAS/ARPS are the Supercell Composite Parameter (SCP) and Significant Tornado Parameter (SIP). The SCP was designed to identify areas with supercell thunderstorm potential through a combination of several instability and shear parameters. The SIP was designed to identify areas that favor supercells producing significant tornadoes (F2 or greater intensity) versus non-tornadic supercells. Both indices were developed by the NOAAINWS Storm Prediction Center (SPC) and were normalized by key threshold values based on previous studies. The indices apply only to discrete storms, not other convective modes. In a post-analysis mode, the AMU calculated SCP and SIP for graphical output using an ADAS configuration similar to the operational set-ups at NWS MLB and SMG. Graphical images from ADAS were generated every 15 minutes for 13 August 2004, the day that Hurricane Charley approached and made landfall on the Florida peninsula. Several tornadoes struck the interior of the Florida peninsula in advance of Hurricane Charley's landfall during the daylight hours of 13 August. Since SPC had previously examined this case using SCP and SIP graphics generated from output of the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) model, this day served as a good benchmark to compare and validate the high-resolution ADAS graphics against the smoother RUC analyses, which serves as background fields to the ADAS analyses. The ADAS-generated SCP and STP graphics have been integrated into the suite of products examined operationally by NWS MLB forecasters and are used to provide additional guidance for assessment of the near-storm environment during convective situations.

Efficient Self-Assembly of mPEG End-Capped Porous Silica as a Redox-Sensitive Nanocarrier for Controlled Doxorubicin Delivery.

PubMed

Nguyen, Anh Khoa; Nguyen, Thi Hiep; Bao, Bui Quoc; Bach, Long Giang; Nguyen, Dai Hai

2018-01-01

Porous nanosilica (PNS) has been regarded as a promising candidate for controlled delivery of anticancer drugs. Unmodified PNS-based nanocarriers, however, showed a burst release of encapsulated drugs, which may limit their clinical uses. In this report, PNS was surface conjugated with adamantylamine (ADA) via disulfide bridges (-SS-), PNS-SS-ADA, which was further modified with cyclodextrin-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether conjugate (CD-mPEG) to form a core@shell structure PNS-SS-ADA@CD-mPEG for redox triggered delivery of doxorubicin (DOX), DOX/PNS-SS-ADA@CD-mPEG. The prepared PNS-SS-ADA@CD-mPEG nanoparticles were spherical in shape with an average diameter of 55.5 ± 3.05 nm, a little larger than their parentally PNS nanocarriers, at 49.6 ± 2.56 nm. In addition, these nanoparticles possessed high drug loading capacity, at 79.2 ± 3.2%, for controlled release. The release of DOX from DOX/PNS-SS-ADA@CD-mPEG nanoparticles was controlled and prolonged up to 120 h in PBS medium (pH 7.4), compared to less than 40 h under reducing condition of 5 mM DTT. Notably, the PNS-SS-ADA@CD-mPEG was a biocompatible nanocarrier, and the toxicity of DOX was dramatically reduced after loading drugs into the porous core. This redox-sensitive PNS-SS-ADA@CD-mPEG nanoparticle could be considered a potential candidate with high drug loading capacity and a lower risk of systemic toxicity.

Extensibility Experiments with the Software Life-Cycle Support Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-11-01

APRICOT ) and Bit- Oriented Message Definer (BMD); and three from the Ada Software Repository (ASR) at White Sands-the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center...Graphical Kernel System (GKS). c. AMS - The Automated Measurement System tool supports the definition, collec- tion, and reporting of quality metric...Ada Primitive Order Compilation Order Tool ( APRICOT ) 2. Bit-Oriented Message Definer (BMD) 3. LGEN: A Language Generator Tool 4. I"ilc Chc-ker 5

Solid Geometric Modeling - The Key to Improved Materiel Acquisition from Concept to Deployment

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-09-01

M. J. Reisinger, "The GIFT Code User Manual; Volume I, Introduction and Input Requirements (U)," BRL Report No. 1802, July 1975. AD# A078364. 8 G...G. Kuehl, L. W. Bain, Jr., M. J. Reisinger, "The GIFT Code User Manual; Volume II, The Output Options (U)," USA ARRAOCOM Report No. 02189, Sep 79, AD...A078364 . • These results are plotted by a code called RunShot written by L. M. Rybak which takes input from GIFT and plots color shotlines on a

Proceedings of OSD Aircraft Engine Design & Life Cycle Cost Seminar Held at Naval Air Development Center, Warminster, Pennsylvania, May 17, 18 & 19, 1978,

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-01-01

AD-A092 043 NAVAL AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER WARMINSTER PA F/6 2/ I PROCEEDINGS OF 050 AIRCRAFT ENGINE DESIGN & LIFE CYCLE COST SEN--ETC (U NSI FE 1978 R...4 STANDAHAR, R R SHOREY. A PRESSMAN N PROCEEDINGS OFOSD AIRCRAFT ENGINE DESIGN & LIFE CYCLE COST SEMINAR HELD AT ,NAVAL AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER f...RELIABILITY CAN BE MET. THIS INFORMATION WILL BE USED BY THE ACQUISITION ACTIVITY TO ESTABLISH THE PROPER DESIGN AND TEST REQUIREMENTS TO INSURE THAT THE

Classic-Ada(TM)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Valley, Lois

1989-01-01

The SPS product, Classic-Ada, is a software tool that supports object-oriented Ada programming with powerful inheritance and dynamic binding. Object Oriented Design (OOD) is an easy, natural development paradigm, but it is not supported by Ada. Following the DOD Ada mandate, SPS developed Classic-Ada to provide a tool which supports OOD and implements code in Ada. It consists of a design language, a code generator and a toolset. As a design language, Classic-Ada supports the object-oriented principles of information hiding, data abstraction, dynamic binding, and inheritance. It also supports natural reuse and incremental development through inheritance, code factoring, and Ada, Classic-Ada, dynamic binding and static binding in the same program. Only nine new constructs were added to Ada to provide object-oriented design capabilities. The Classic-Ada code generator translates user application code into fully compliant, ready-to-run, standard Ada. The Classic-Ada toolset is fully supported by SPS and consists of an object generator, a builder, a dictionary manager, and a reporter. Demonstrations of Classic-Ada and the Classic-Ada Browser were given at the workshop.

Automated unit-level testing with heuristic rules

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carlisle, W. Homer; Chang, Kai-Hsiung; Cross, James H.; Keleher, William; Shackelford, Keith

1990-01-01

Software testing plays a significant role in the development of complex software systems. Current testing methods generally require significant effort to generate meaningful test cases. The QUEST/Ada system is a prototype system designed using CLIPS to experiment with expert system based test case generation. The prototype is designed to test for condition coverage, and attempts to generate test cases to cover all feasible branches contained in an Ada program. This paper reports on heuristics sued by the system. These heuristics vary according to the amount of knowledge obtained by preprocessing and execution of the boolean conditions in the program.

Safety Characteristics of Non-Lithium Battery Systems. Revision 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-07-01

2» 1978, p. 81. 29. Ryan, D. M., Advanced Thermal Batteries , DTIC No. AD-A085193, Defense Logistics Agency, Alexandria, VA, 1980. 31. Erbacher, J...K., Hussey, C. L., and King, L. A., Proc. Power Sources Symp. 28, 1979, p. 84, 32. Ryan, D. M., Advanced Thermal Batteries , DTIC No. AD-A125581

Formal specification and verification of Ada software

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hird, Geoffrey R.

1991-01-01

The use of formal methods in software development achieves levels of quality assurance unobtainable by other means. The Larch approach to specification is described, and the specification of avionics software designed to implement the logic of a flight control system is given as an example. Penelope is described which is an Ada-verification environment. The Penelope user inputs mathematical definitions, Larch-style specifications and Ada code and performs machine-assisted proofs that the code obeys its specifications. As an example, the verification of a binary search function is considered. Emphasis is given to techniques assisting the reuse of a verification effort on modified code.

State prisons are covered by ADA, 7th Circuit rules.

PubMed

1997-07-25

Prison inmate [name removed] sued the Indiana Department of Corrections, claiming it violated the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) by denying him access to education programs, the library, and the dining hall because he is blind. The 7th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals rejected the district court's decision to dismiss the case based on the grounds that the ADA does not apply to prison inmates. The court held that the Department of Corrections cannot exclude an inmate with a disability from prison programs unless the accommodation caused an undue burden on the system.

Software/hardware distributed processing network supporting the Ada environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wood, Richard J.; Pryk, Zen

1993-09-01

A high-performance, fault-tolerant, distributed network has been developed, tested, and demonstrated. The network is based on the MIPS Computer Systems, Inc. R3000 Risc for processing, VHSIC ASICs for high speed, reliable, inter-node communications and compatible commercial memory and I/O boards. The network is an evolution of the Advanced Onboard Signal Processor (AOSP) architecture. It supports Ada application software with an Ada- implemented operating system. A six-node implementation (capable of expansion up to 256 nodes) of the RISC multiprocessor architecture provides 120 MIPS of scalar throughput, 96 Mbytes of RAM and 24 Mbytes of non-volatile memory. The network provides for all ground processing applications, has merit for space-qualified RISC-based network, and interfaces to advanced Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools for application software development.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 890409W1. 10063, TeleSoft, TeleGen2 Ada Development System for VAX to E68K, Version 3.23, VAXserver 3602 Host and Motorola MVME117 (MC68010) Target

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-04-09

01hc ’i.’ f’Pf a- ebc 2i1o.-fer-er~hfom Repo.) tUEFCTE $UP1 * ta ~ (Con’rj 01’?Cre V Pot s’o fneccksa’) ortoiorM’f, by blDc n fumYber) Ada Prcr-7n...CLA53SIF1CA1,O0s or IMIS PA ,j (AhnDetsinfree1 AVF Control Number: AVF-VSP-267.0539 69-01-25-TEL Ada COMPILER VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT: Certificate Number...pragma images controls the creation and allocation of the image table for a specified enumeration type. The default is Deferred, which saves space in the

Transferring data objects: A focused Ada investigation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Legrand, Sue

1988-01-01

The use of the Ada language does not guarantee that data objects will be in the same form or have the same value after they have been stored or transferred to another system. There are too many possible variables in such things as the formats used and other protocol conditions. Differences may occur at many different levels of support. These include program level, object level, application level, and system level. A standard language is only one aspect of making a complex system completely homogeneous. Many components must be standardized and the various standards must be integrated. The principal issues in providing for interaction between systems are of exchanging files and data objects between systems which may not be compatible in terms of their host computer, operating system or other factors. A typical resolution of the problem of invalidating data involves at least a common external form, for data objects and for representing the relationships and attributes of data collections. Some of the issues dealing with the transfer of data are listed and consideration is given on how these issues may be handled in the Ada language.

Effects of vector backbone and pseudotype on lentiviral vector-mediated gene transfer: studies in infant ADA-deficient mice and rhesus monkeys.

PubMed

Carbonaro Sarracino, Denise; Tarantal, Alice F; Lee, C Chang I; Martinez, Michele; Jin, Xiangyang; Wang, Xiaoyan; Hardee, Cinnamon L; Geiger, Sabine; Kahl, Christoph A; Kohn, Donald B

2014-10-01

Systemic delivery of a lentiviral vector carrying a therapeutic gene represents a new treatment for monogenic disease. Previously, we have shown that transfer of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) cDNA in vivo rescues the lethal phenotype and reconstitutes immune function in ADA-deficient mice. In order to translate this approach to ADA-deficient severe combined immune deficiency patients, neonatal ADA-deficient mice and newborn rhesus monkeys were treated with species-matched and mismatched vectors and pseudotypes. We compared gene delivery by the HIV-1-based vector to murine γ-retroviral vectors pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus-glycoprotein or murine retroviral envelopes in ADA-deficient mice. The vesicular stomatitis virus-glycoprotein pseudotyped lentiviral vectors had the highest titer and resulted in the highest vector copy number in multiple tissues, particularly liver and lung. In monkeys, HIV-1 or simian immunodeficiency virus vectors resulted in similar biodistribution in most tissues including bone marrow, spleen, liver, and lung. Simian immunodeficiency virus pseudotyped with the gibbon ape leukemia virus envelope produced 10- to 30-fold lower titers than the vesicular stomatitis virus-glycoprotein pseudotype, but had a similar tissue biodistribution and similar copy number in blood cells. The relative copy numbers achieved in mice and monkeys were similar when adjusted to the administered dose per kg. These results suggest that this approach can be scaled-up to clinical levels for treatment of ADA-deficient severe combined immune deficiency subjects with suboptimal hematopoietic stem cell transplantation options.

Evaluation of adenosine deaminase in saliva and serum, and salivary α-amylase, in canine pyometra at diagnosis and after ovariohysterectomy.

PubMed

Tecles, F; Escribano, D; Contreras-Aguilar, M D; Rubio, C P; Szczubiał, M; Cerón, J J; Dąbrowski, R; Tvarijonaviciute, A

2018-06-01

An assay for adenosine deaminase (ADA) was validated in serum and saliva in dogs. Changes in ADA and salivary α-amylase activities were analysed in 26 bitches diagnosed with pyometra and compared with activities in 19 healthy bitches. All animals were classified according to the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) scoring for physical status. In the validation study, the ADA assay had an imprecision<12% and determination coefficients>0.90 in linearity under dilution experiments, with recoveries of 99.2-114.4%. On the day of presentation, salivary ADA activity was significantly higher in dogs with pyometra than in healthy dogs (median values 7.1IU/L vs. 0.8IU/L, respectively; P<0.01). ADA had a moderate positive correlation with leucocyte and band neutrophil counts, haptoglobin, salivary α-amylase and ASA score, and a low positive correlation with C-reactive protein. There were no significant differences in salivary α-amylase activity between dogs with pyometra and healthy dogs (57.3IU/L vs. 27.4IU/L, respectively). Salivary α-amylase had a low correlation with ASA grade, and leucocyte and band neutrophil counts. In 7/26 bitches with pyometra that were sampled 3 and 10days after ovariohysterectomy, there were no significant changes in α-amylase or ADA activities. These results indicate that ADA activity is increased in the saliva of bitches with pyometra, probably related to systemic inflammation. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Software For Clear-Air Doppler-Radar Display

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnston, Bruce W.

1990-01-01

System of software developed to present plan-position-indicator scans of clear-air Doppler radar station on color graphical cathode-ray-tube display. Designed to incorporate latest accepted standards for equipment, computer programs, and meteorological data bases. Includes use of Ada programming language, of "Graphical-Kernel-System-like" graphics interface, and of Common Doppler Radar Exchange Format. Features include portability and maintainability. Use of Ada software packages produced number of software modules reused on other related projects.

Space Station module Power Management And Distribution (PMAD) system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walls, Bryan

1990-01-01

This project consists of several tasks which are unified toward experimentally demonstrating the operation of a highly autonomous, user-supportive power management and distribution system for Space Station Freedom (SSF) habitation/laboratory modules. This goal will be extended to a demonstration of autonomous, cooperative power system operation for the whole SSF power system through a joint effort with NASA's Lewis Research Center, using their Autonomous Power System. Short term goals for the space station module power management and distribution include having an operational breadboard reflecting current plans for SSF, improving performance of the system communications, and improving the organization and mutability of the artificial intelligence (AI) systems. In the middle term, intermediate levels of autonomy will be added, user interfaces will be modified, and enhanced modeling capabilities will be integrated in the system. Long term goals involve conversion of all software into Ada, vigorous verification and validation efforts and, finally, seeing an impact of this research on the operation of SSF. Conversion of the system to a DC Star configuration is now in progress, and should be completed by the end of October, 1989. This configuration reflects the latest SSF module architecture. Hardware is now being procured which will improve system communications significantly. The Knowledge-Based Management System (KBMS) is initially developed and the rules from FRAMES have been implemented in the KBMS. Rules in the other two AI systems are also being grouped modularly, making them more tractable, and easier to eventually move into the KBMS. Adding an intermediate level of autonomy will require development of a planning utility, which will also be built using the KBMS. These changes will require having the user interface for the whole system available from one interface. An Enhanced Model will be developed, which will allow exercise of the system through the interface without requiring all of the power hardware to be operational. The functionality of the AI systems will continue to be advanced, including incipient failure detection. Ada conversion will begin with the lowest level processor (LLP) code. Then selected pieces of the higher level functionality will be recorded in Ada and, where possible, moved to the LLP level. Validation and verification will be done on the Ada code, and will complete sometimes after completion of the Ada conversion.

Molecular Evidence of Adenosine Deaminase Linking Adenosine A2A Receptor and CD26 Proteins

PubMed Central

Moreno, Estefanía; Canet, Júlia; Gracia, Eduard; Lluís, Carme; Mallol, Josefa; Canela, Enric I.; Cortés, Antoni; Casadó, Vicent

2018-01-01

Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside that acts in all living systems as a homeostatic network regulator through many pathways, which are adenosine receptor (AR)-dependent and -independent. From a metabolic point of view, adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an essential protein in the regulation of the total intracellular and extracellular adenosine in a tissue. In addition to its cytosolic localization, ADA is also expressed as an ecto-enzyme on the surface of different cells. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26) and some ARs act as binding proteins for extracellular ADA in humans. Since CD26 and ARs interact with ADA at opposite sites, we have investigated if ADA can function as a cell-to-cell communication molecule by bridging the anchoring molecules CD26 and A2AR present on the surfaces of the interacting cells. By combining site-directed mutagenesis of ADA amino acids involved in binding to A2AR and a modification of the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technique that allows detection of interactions between two proteins expressed in different cell populations with low steric hindrance (NanoBRET), we show direct evidence of the specific formation of trimeric complexes CD26-ADA-A2AR involving two cells. By dynamic mass redistribution assays and ligand binding experiments, we also demonstrate that A2AR-NanoLuc fusion proteins are functional. The existence of this ternary complex is in good agreement with the hypothesis that ADA could bridge T-cells (expressing CD26) and dendritic cells (expressing A2AR). This is a new metabolic function for ecto-ADA that, being a single chain protein, it has been considered as an example of moonlighting protein, because it performs more than one functional role (as a catalyst, a costimulator, an allosteric modulator and a cell-to-cell connector) without partitioning these functions in different subunits. PMID:29497379

Molecular Evidence of Adenosine Deaminase Linking Adenosine A2A Receptor and CD26 Proteins.

PubMed

Moreno, Estefanía; Canet, Júlia; Gracia, Eduard; Lluís, Carme; Mallol, Josefa; Canela, Enric I; Cortés, Antoni; Casadó, Vicent

2018-01-01

Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside that acts in all living systems as a homeostatic network regulator through many pathways, which are adenosine receptor (AR)-dependent and -independent. From a metabolic point of view, adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an essential protein in the regulation of the total intracellular and extracellular adenosine in a tissue. In addition to its cytosolic localization, ADA is also expressed as an ecto-enzyme on the surface of different cells. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26) and some ARs act as binding proteins for extracellular ADA in humans. Since CD26 and ARs interact with ADA at opposite sites, we have investigated if ADA can function as a cell-to-cell communication molecule by bridging the anchoring molecules CD26 and A 2A R present on the surfaces of the interacting cells. By combining site-directed mutagenesis of ADA amino acids involved in binding to A 2A R and a modification of the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technique that allows detection of interactions between two proteins expressed in different cell populations with low steric hindrance (NanoBRET), we show direct evidence of the specific formation of trimeric complexes CD26-ADA-A 2A R involving two cells. By dynamic mass redistribution assays and ligand binding experiments, we also demonstrate that A 2A R-NanoLuc fusion proteins are functional. The existence of this ternary complex is in good agreement with the hypothesis that ADA could bridge T-cells (expressing CD26) and dendritic cells (expressing A 2A R). This is a new metabolic function for ecto-ADA that, being a single chain protein, it has been considered as an example of moonlighting protein, because it performs more than one functional role (as a catalyst, a costimulator, an allosteric modulator and a cell-to-cell connector) without partitioning these functions in different subunits.

Psychometric evaluation of ADAS-Cog and NTB for measuring drug response.

PubMed

Karin, A; Hannesdottir, K; Jaeger, J; Annas, P; Segerdahl, M; Karlsson, P; Sjögren, N; von Rosen, T; Miller, F

2014-02-01

To conduct a psychometric analysis to determine the adequacy of instruments that measure cognition in Alzheimer's disease trials. Both the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognition (ADAS-Cog) and the Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB) are validated outcome measures for clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease and are approved also for regulatory purposes. However, it is not clear how comparable they are in measuring cognitive function. In fact, many recent trials in Alzheimer's disease patients have failed and it has been questioned if ADAS-Cog still is a sensitive measure. The present paper examines the psychometric properties of ADAS-Cog and NTB, based on a post hoc analysis of data from a clinical trial (NCT01024660), which was conducted by AstraZeneca, in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, with a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) Total score 16-24. Acceptability, reliability, different types of validity and ability to detect change were assessed using relevant statistical methods. Total scores of both tests, as well as separate domains of both tests, including the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Verbal Fluency Condition, were analyzed. Overall, NTB performed well, with acceptable reliability and ability to detect change, while ADAS-Cog had insufficient psychometric properties, including ceiling effects in 8 out of a total of 11 ADAS-Cog items in mild AD patients, as well as low test-retest reliability in some of the items. Based on a direct comparison on the same patient sample, we see advantages of the NTB compared with the ADAS-Cog for the evaluation of cognitive function in the population of mild-to-moderate AD patients. The results suggest that not all of ADAS-Cog items are relevant for both mild and moderate AD population. This validation study demonstrates satisfactory psychometric properties of the NTB, while ADAS-Cog was found to be psychometrically inadequate. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 940630W1. 11372 Rational Software Corporation VADS System V/88 Release 4, VAda-110-8484, Product Number: 2100-01464, Version 6.2 DG AViiON G70592-A (M88110) under UNIX System V Release 4

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-07-21

InforMation Systems Agency, Center for Information Management DECLARATION OF CONFORMANCE The following declaration of conformance was supplied by the...services such as resource allocation, scheduling, inp•t/outp-it control, and data management. Usually, operating systems are predominantly software...Ada programming language. 1-4 CHAPTER 2 IMPLEMMTION DEPENDENC IES 2.1 WITHDRAWN TESTS The f3llowing tests have been withdrawn by the AVO. The

The implementation and use of Ada on distributed systems with high reliability requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knight, J. C.

1987-01-01

A preliminary analysis of the Ada implementation of the Advanced Transport Operating System (ATOPS), an experimental computer control system developed at NASA Langley for a modified Boeing 737 aircraft, is presented. The criteria that was determined for the evaluation of this approach is described. A preliminary version of the requirements for the ATOPS is contained. This requirements specification is not a formal document, but rather a description of certain aspects of the ATOPS system at a level of detail that best suits the needs of the research. The survey of backward error recovery techniques is also presented.

Controllable drug uptake and nongenomic response through estrogen-anchored cyclodextrin drug complex

PubMed Central

Yin, Juan-Juan; Shumyak, Stepan P; Burgess, Christopher; Zhou, Zhi-Wei; He, Zhi-Xu; Zhang, Xue-Ji; Pan, Shu-Ting; Yang, Tian-Xin; Duan, Wei; Qiu, Jia-Xuan; Zhou, Shu-Feng

2015-01-01

Breast cancer is a leading killer of women worldwide. Cyclodextrin-based estrogen receptor-targeting drug-delivery systems represent a promising direction in cancer therapy but have rarely been investigated. To seek new targeting therapies for membrane estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, an estrogen-anchored cyclodextrin encapsulating a doxorubicin derivative Ada-DOX (CDE1-Ada-DOX) has been synthesized and evaluated in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. First, we synthesized estrone-conjugated cyclodextrin (CDE1), which formed the complex CDE1-Ada-DOX via molecular recognition with the derivative adamantane-doxorubicin (Ada-DOX) (Kd =1,617 M−1). The structure of the targeting vector CDE1 was fully characterized using 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and electron microscopy. CDE1-Ada-DOX showed two-phase drug-release kinetics with much slower release than Ada-DOX. The fluorescence polarization analysis reveals that CDE1-Ada-DOX binds to recombinant human estrogen receptor α fragments with a Kd of 0.027 µM. Competition assay of the drug complex with estrogen ligands demonstrated that estrone and tamoxifen competed with CDE1-Ada-DOX for membrane estrogen receptor binding in MCF-7 cells. Intermolecular self-assembly of CDE1 molecules were observed, showing tail-in-bucket and wire-like structures confirmed by transmission electronic microscopy. CDE1-Ada-DOX had an unexpected lower drug uptake (when the host–guest ratio was >1) than non-targeting drugs in MCF-7 cells due to ensconced ligands in cyclodextrins cavities resulting from the intermolecular self-assembly. The uptake of CDE1-Ada-DOX was significantly increased when the host–guest ratio was adjusted to be less than half at the concentration of CDE1 over 5 µM due to the release of the estrone residues. CDE1 elicited rapid activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (p44/42 MAPK, Erk1/2) in minutes through phosphorylation of Thr202/Tyr204 in MCF-7 cells. These results demonstrate a targeted therapeutics delivery of CDE1-Ada-DOX to breast cancer cells in a controlled manner and that the drug vector CDE1 can potentially be employed as a molecular tool to differentiate nongenomic from genomic mechanism. PMID:26251594

AdaNET research plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcbride, John G.

1990-01-01

The mission of the AdaNET research effort is to determine how to increase the availability of reusable Ada components and associated software engineering technology to both private and Federal sectors. The effort is structured to define the requirements for transfer of Federally developed software technology, study feasible approaches to meeting the requirements, and to gain experience in applying various technologies and practices. The overall approach to the development of the AdaNET System Specification is presented. A work breakdown structure is presented with each research activity described in detail. The deliverables for each work area are summarized. The overall organization and responsibilities for each research area are described. The schedule and necessary resources are presented for each research activity. The estimated cost is summarized for each activity. The project plan is fully described in the Super Project Expert data file contained on the floppy disk attached to the back cover of this plan.

DCL System Using Deep Learning Approaches for Land-based or Ship-based Real-Time Recognition and Localization of Marine Mammals

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-30

platform (HPC) was developed, called the HPC-Acoustic Data Accelerator, or HPC-ADA for short. The HPC-ADA was designed based on fielded systems [1-4...software (Detection cLassificaiton for MAchine learning - High Peformance Computing). The software package was designed to utilize parallel and...Sedna [7] and is designed using a parallel architecture2, allowing existing algorithms to distribute to the various processing nodes with minimal changes

COMPASS: An Ada based scheduler

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcmahon, Mary Beth; Culbert, Chris

1992-01-01

COMPASS is a generic scheduling system developed by McDonnell Douglas and funded by the Software Technology Branch of NASA Johnson Space Center. The motivation behind COMPASS is to illustrate scheduling technology and provide a basis from which custom scheduling systems can be built. COMPASS was written in Ada to promote readability and to conform to DOD standards. COMPASS has some unique characteristics that distinguishes it from commercial products. This paper discusses these characteristics and uses them to illustrate some differences between scheduling tools.

Further observations on associations between the ADA gene and past malaria morbidity in Sardinia.

PubMed

Gloria-Bottini, Fulvia; Saccucci, Patrizia; Meloni, Gianfranco; Bottini, Egidio

2014-01-01

Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) contributes to the regulation of adenosine concentration and in turn to T cell activation. Genetic variability of ADA activity may have, therefore, an important role in resistance to malaria. Indeed, previous studies in Sardinia have shown a lower frequency of ADA1 *2 allele (associated with low ADA activity) in areas, where malaria was heavily endemic compared to areas where malaria was not endemic. We have now studied the ADA2 locus, another polymorphic site with two alleles ADA2 *1 and ADA2 *2 within the ADA gene. In the area of Oristano (where malaria was endemic in the past) 51 consecutive newborns and in the area of Nuoro (where malaria was not as endemic) 48 consecutive newborns were examined. ADA1 and ADA2 genotypes were determined by DNA analysis. The low frequency of the ADA1 *2 allele in the area where malaria was endemic is confirmed. The frequency of the ADA2 *2 allele is higher in Oristano than in Nuoro resulting in a higher frequency of the ADA1 *1/ADA2 *2 haplotype in Oristano as compared to Nuoro. This suggests a selective advantage of this haplotype in a malarial environment. The ADA gene shows other polymorphic sites further studies on their role in human adaptation to malaria could be rewarding. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Diagnostic value of serum adenosine deaminase activity in HIV infected patients of Kurdish population.

PubMed

Abdi, Mohammad; Ahmadi, Abbas; Roshany, Daem; Khodadadi, Iraj; Javid, Saman; Shahmohammad-Nezhad, Shiva; Sharifipour, Mozhdeh; Hoseini, Javad

2013-01-01

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a hydrolytic enzyme involved in the deamination of adenosine to inosine. ADA is involved in T-lymphocyte differentiation and development. This study was aimed to determine the diagnostic value of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity test for the diagnosis of HIV positive patients in the Kurdish population. This descriptive analytical case-control study was performed on 30 healthy and 60 HIV positive subjects. Blood CD4+ cell count was recorded and serum total ADA, and ADA1 and ADA2 isoenzyme activities were determined. Serum total ADA and ADA2 isoenzyme activity was significantly higher in HIV positive patients than in healthy subjects. CD4+ cell counts markedly decreased in all patients and showed a significant inverse correlation with ADA activities. Using a cut-off level of 36.52 U/L and 30.98 U/L for serum total ADA and ADA2, respectively, sensitivity and specificity were 90.9% and 90.27% for total ADA and 93% and 90% for ADA2, respectively. Serum ADA was significantly increased in HIV infected patients. Therefore, because of its low cost and simplicity to perform, ADA activity might be considered a useful diagnostic tool among the other markers in this disease.

Transcriptional activation of the Escherichia coli adaptive response gene aidB is mediated by binding of methylated Ada protein. Evidence for a new consensus sequence for Ada-binding sites.

PubMed

Landini, P; Volkert, M R

1995-04-07

The Escherichia coli aidB gene is part of the adaptive response to DNA methylation damage. Genes belonging to the adaptive response are positively regulated by the ada gene; the Ada protein acts as a transcriptional activator when methylated in one of its cysteine residues at position 69. Through DNaseI protection assays, we show that methylated Ada (meAda) is able to bind a DNA sequence between 40 and 60 base pairs upstream of the aidB transcriptional startpoint. Binding of meAda is necessary to activate transcription of the adaptive response genes; accordingly, in vitro transcription of aidB is dependent on the presence of meAda. Unmethylated Ada protein shows no protection against DNaseI digestion in the aidB promoter region nor does it promote aidB in vitro transcription. The aidB Ada-binding site shows only weak homology to the proposed consensus sequences for Ada-binding sites in E. coli (AAANNAA and AAAGCGCA) but shares a higher degree of similarity with the Ada-binding regions from other bacterial species, such as Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus subtilis. Based on the comparison of five different Ada-dependent promoter regions, we suggest that a possible recognition sequence for meAda might be AATnnnnnnG-CAA. Higher concentrations of Ada are required for the binding of aidB than for the ada promoter, suggesting lower affinity of the protein for the aidB Ada-binding site. Common features in the Ada-binding regions of ada and aidB are a high A/T content, the presence of an inverted repeat structure, and their position relative to the transcriptional start site. We propose that these elements, in addition to the proposed recognition sequence, are important for binding of the Ada protein.

Effects of Vector Backbone and Pseudotype on Lentiviral Vector-mediated Gene Transfer: Studies in Infant ADA-Deficient Mice and Rhesus Monkeys

PubMed Central

Carbonaro Sarracino, Denise; Tarantal, Alice F; Lee, C Chang I.; Martinez, Michele; Jin, Xiangyang; Wang, Xiaoyan; Hardee, Cinnamon L; Geiger, Sabine; Kahl, Christoph A; Kohn, Donald B

2014-01-01

Systemic delivery of a lentiviral vector carrying a therapeutic gene represents a new treatment for monogenic disease. Previously, we have shown that transfer of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) cDNA in vivo rescues the lethal phenotype and reconstitutes immune function in ADA-deficient mice. In order to translate this approach to ADA-deficient severe combined immune deficiency patients, neonatal ADA-deficient mice and newborn rhesus monkeys were treated with species-matched and mismatched vectors and pseudotypes. We compared gene delivery by the HIV-1-based vector to murine γ-retroviral vectors pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus-glycoprotein or murine retroviral envelopes in ADA-deficient mice. The vesicular stomatitis virus-glycoprotein pseudotyped lentiviral vectors had the highest titer and resulted in the highest vector copy number in multiple tissues, particularly liver and lung. In monkeys, HIV-1 or simian immunodeficiency virus vectors resulted in similar biodistribution in most tissues including bone marrow, spleen, liver, and lung. Simian immunodeficiency virus pseudotyped with the gibbon ape leukemia virus envelope produced 10- to 30-fold lower titers than the vesicular stomatitis virus-glycoprotein pseudotype, but had a similar tissue biodistribution and similar copy number in blood cells. The relative copy numbers achieved in mice and monkeys were similar when adjusted to the administered dose per kg. These results suggest that this approach can be scaled-up to clinical levels for treatment of ADA-deficient severe combined immune deficiency subjects with suboptimal hematopoietic stem cell transplantation options. PMID:24925206

The adenosine deaminases of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum exhibit surprising differences in ligand specificity

PubMed Central

Ivanov, Andrei A.; Matsumura, Ichiro

2012-01-01

Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum cause malaria, so proteins essential for their survival in vivo are potential anti-malarial drug targets. Adenosine deaminases (ADA) catalyze the irreversible conversion of adenosine into inosine, and play a critical role in the purine salvage pathways of Plasmodia and their mammalian hosts. Currently, the number of selective inhibitors of Plasmodium ADAs is limited. One potent and widely used inhibitor of the human ADA (hADA), erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonly)adenine (EHNA), is a very weak inhibitor (Ki = 120uM) of P. falciparum ADA (pfADA). EHNA-like compounds are thus excluded from consideration as potential inhibitors of Plasmodium ADA in general. However, EHNA activity in P. vivax ADA (pvADA) has not been reported. Here we applied computational molecular modeling to identify the mechanisms of the ligand recognition unique for P. vivax and P. falciparum ADA. Based on the computational studies, we performed molecular biology experiments to show that EHNA is at least 60-fold more potent against pvADA (Ki = 1.9uM) than against pfADA. The D172A pvADA mutant is bound even more tightly (Ki = 0.9uM). These results improve our understanding of the mechanisms of ADA ligand recognition and species-selectivity, and facilitate the rational design of novel EHNA-based ADA inhibitors as anti-malarial drugs. To demonstrate a practical application of our findings we have computationally predicted a novel potential inhibitor of pvADA selective versus the human ADA. PMID:22481078

Detection of anti-infliximab antibodies is impacted by antibody titer, infliximab level and IgG4 antibodies: a systematic comparison of three different assays

PubMed Central

Afonso, Joana; Lopes, Susana; Gonçalves, Raquel; Caldeira, Paulo; Lago, Paula; Tavares de Sousa, Helena; Ramos, Jaime; Gonçalves, Ana Rita; Ministro, Paula; Rosa, Isadora; Vieira, Ana Isabel; Coelho, Rosa; Tavares, Patrícia; Soares, João; Sousa, Ana Lúcia; Carvalho, Diana; Sousa, Paula; da Silva, João Pereira; Meira, Tânia; Silva Ferreira, Filipa; Dias, Cláudia Camila; Chowers, Yehuda; Ben-Horin, Shomron; Magro, Fernando

2016-01-01

Background: There is scant information on the accuracy of different assays used to measure anti-infliximab antibodies (ADAs), especially in the presence of detectable infliximab (IFX). We thus aimed to evaluate and compare three different assays for the detection of IFX and ADAs and to clarify the impact of the presence of circulating IFX on the accuracy of the ADA assays. Methods: Blood samples from 79 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients treated with infliximab were assessed for IFX levels and ADAs using three different assays: an in-house assay and two commercial kits, Immundiagnostik and Theradiag. Sera samples with ADAs and undetectable levels of IFX were spiked with exogenous IFX and analyzed for ADAs. Results: The three assays showed 81–96% agreement for the measured IFX level. However, the in-house assay and Immundiagnostik assays detected ADAs in 34 out of 79 samples, whereas Theradiag only detected ADAs in 24 samples. Samples negative for ADAs with Theradiag, but ADA-positive in both the in-house and Immundiagnostik assays, were positive for IFX or IgG4 ADAs. In spiking experiments, a low concentration of exogenous IFX (5 µg/ml) hampered ADA detection with Theradiag in sera samples with ADA levels of between 3 and 10 µg/ml. In the Immundiagnostik assay detection interference was only observed at concentrations of exogenous IFX higher than 30 µg/ml. However, in samples with high levels of ADAs (>25 µg/ml) interference was only observed at IFX concentrations higher than 100 µg/ml in all three assays. Binary (IFX/ADA) stratification of the results showed that IFX+/ADA- and IFX-/ADAs+ were less influenced by the assay results than the double-positive (IFX+/ADAs+) and double-negative (IFX-/ADAs-) combination. Conclusions: All three methodologies are equally suitable for measuring IFX levels. However, erroneous therapeutic decisions may occur when patients show double-negative (IFX-/ADAs-) or double-positive (IFX+/ADAs+) status, since agreement between assays is significantly lower in these circumstances. PMID:27803733

Adaptable dialog architecture and runtime engine (AdaRTE): a framework for rapid prototyping of health dialog systems.

PubMed

Rojas-Barahona, L M; Giorgino, T

2009-04-01

Spoken dialog systems have been increasingly employed to provide ubiquitous access via telephone to information and services for the non-Internet-connected public. They have been successfully applied in the health care context; however, speech technology requires a considerable development investment. The advent of VoiceXML reduced the proliferation of incompatible dialog formalisms, at the expense of adding even more complexity. This paper introduces a novel architecture for dialogue representation and interpretation, AdaRTE, which allows developers to lay out dialog interactions through a high-level formalism, offering both declarative and procedural features. AdaRTE's aim is to provide a ground for deploying complex and adaptable dialogs whilst allowing experimentation and incremental adoption of innovative speech technologies. It enhances augmented transition networks with dynamic behavior, and drives multiple back-end realizers, including VoiceXML. It has been especially targeted to the health care context, because of the great scale and the need for reducing the barrier to a widespread adoption of dialog systems.

Software engineering capability for Ada (GRASP/Ada Tool)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cross, James H., II

1995-01-01

The GRASP/Ada project (Graphical Representations of Algorithms, Structures, and Processes for Ada) has successfully created and prototyped a new algorithmic level graphical representation for Ada software, the Control Structure Diagram (CSD). The primary impetus for creation of the CSD was to improve the comprehension efficiency of Ada software and, as a result, improve reliability and reduce costs. The emphasis has been on the automatic generation of the CSD from Ada PDL or source code to support reverse engineering and maintenance. The CSD has the potential to replace traditional prettyprinted Ada Source code. A new Motif compliant graphical user interface has been developed for the GRASP/Ada prototype.

Serum Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) Activity: A Novel Screening Test to Differentiate HIV Monoinfection From HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV Coinfections.

PubMed

Abdi, Mohammad; Rahbari, Rizgar; Khatooni, Zahed; Naseri, Nima; Najafi, Adel; Khodadadi, Iraj

2016-05-01

CD4(+) cell count, the common HIV infection screening test, is costly and unable to differentiate HIV monoinfection from its concurrent infection with hepatitis B or C virus. We aimed to ascertain diagnostic value of serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity as a useful tool to differentiate HIV mono- and co-infection. Blood samples were collected from 30 HIV-HBV and 30 HIV-HCV coinfected patients, 33 HIV positive subjects, and 72 controls. CD4(+) cell count, serum total ADA (tADA), and ADA1, and ADA2 isoenzyme activities were determined and their sensitivity and specificity were computed. tADA and ADA2 activities were significantly higher and CD4(+) counts were markedly lower in all patients compared with controls. Strong inverse agreements between CD4(+) cell counts and both tADA and ADA2 activities were observed. Serum tADA and ADA1 activities showed the highest specificity and the highest sensitivity, respectively, for differentiating HIV monoinfection from HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV coinfections. We showed strong agreement and correlation between CD4(+) cell count and ADA enzyme activity. Based on high ADA sensitivity and specificity, it is concluded that determination of ADA activity might be a novel diagnostic tool to distinguish of HIV monoinfection from its coinfection with HBV or HCV. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Paranoia.Ada: Sample output reports

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1986-01-01

Paranoia.Ada is a program to diagnose floating point arithmetic in the context of the Ada programming language. The program evaluates the quality of a floating point arithmetic implementation with respect to the proposed IEEE Standards P754 and P854. Paranoia.Ada is derived from the original BASIC programming language version of Paranoia. The Paranoia.Ada replicates in Ada the test algorithms originally implemented in BASIC and adheres to the evaluation criteria established by W. M. Kahan. Paranoia.Ada incorporates a major structural redesign and employs applicable Ada architectural and stylistic features.

The Binding Site of Human Adenosine Deaminase for Cd26/Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV

PubMed Central

Richard, Eva; Arredondo-Vega, Francisco X.; Santisteban, Ines; Kelly, Susan J.; Patel, Dhavalkumar D.; Hershfield, Michael S.

2000-01-01

Human, but not murine, adenosine deaminase (ADA) forms a complex with the cell membrane protein CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV. CD26-bound ADA has been postulated to regulate extracellular adenosine levels and to modulate the costimulatory function of CD26 on T lymphocytes. Absence of ADA–CD26 binding has been implicated in causing severe combined immunodeficiency due to ADA deficiency. Using human–mouse ADA hybrids and ADA point mutants, we have localized the amino acids critical for CD26 binding to the helical segment 126–143. Arg142 in human ADA and Gln142 in mouse ADA largely determine the capacity to bind CD26. Recombinant human ADA bearing the R142Q mutation had normal catalytic activity per molecule, but markedly impaired binding to a CD26+ ADA-deficient human T cell line. Reduced CD26 binding was also found with ADA from red cells and T cells of a healthy individual whose only expressed ADA has the R142Q mutation. Conversely, ADA with the E217K active site mutation, the only ADA expressed by a severely immunodeficient patient, showed normal CD26 binding. These findings argue that ADA binding to CD26 is not essential for immune function in humans. PMID:11067872

Alteration of lysine 178 in the hinge region of the Escherichia coli ada protein interferes with activation of ada, but not alkA, transcription.

PubMed

Saget, B M; Shevell, D E; Walker, G C

1995-03-01

The ada gene of Escherichia coli K-12 encodes the 39-kDa Ada protein, which consists of two domains joined by a hinge region that is sensitive to proteolytic cleavage in vitro. The amino-terminal domain has a DNA methyltransferase activity that repairs the S-diastereoisomer of methylphosphotriesters while the carboxyl-terminal domain has a DNA methyltransferase activity that repairs O6-methylguanine and O4-methylthymine lesions. Transfer of a methyl group to Cys-69 by repair of a methylphosphotriester lesion converts Ada into a transcriptional activator of the ada and alkA genes. Activation of ada, but not alkA, requires elements contained within the carboxyl-terminal domain of Ada. In addition, physiologically relevant concentrations of the unmethylated form of Ada specifically inhibit methylated Ada-promoted ada transcription both in vitro and in vivo and it has been suggested that this phenomenon plays a pivotal role in the down-regulation of the adaptive response. A set of site-directed mutations were generated within the hinge region, changing the lysine residue at position 178 to leucine, valine, glycine, tyrosine, arginine, cysteine, proline, and serine. All eight mutant proteins have deficiencies in their ability to activate ada transcription in the presence or absence of a methylating agent but are proficient in alkA activation. AdaK178P (lysine 178 changed to proline) is completely defective for the transcriptional activation function of ada while it is completely proficient for transcriptional activation of alkA. In addition, AdaK178P possesses both classes of DNA repair activities both in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptional activation of ada does not occur if both the amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains are produced separately within the same cell. The mutation at position 178 might interfere with activation of ada transcription by changing a critical contact with RNA polymerase, by causing a conformational change of Ada, or by interfering with the communication of conformational information between the amino- and the carboxyl-terminal domains. These results indicate that the hinge region of Ada is important for ada but not alkA transcription and further support the notion that the mechanism(s) by which Ada activates ada transcription differs from that by which it activates transcription at alkA.

Development of Ada language control software for the NASA power management and distribution test bed

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wright, Ted; Mackin, Michael; Gantose, Dave

1989-01-01

The Ada language software developed to control the NASA Lewis Research Center's Power Management and Distribution testbed is described. The testbed is a reduced-scale prototype of the electric power system to be used on space station Freedom. It is designed to develop and test hardware and software for a 20-kHz power distribution system. The distributed, multiprocessor, testbed control system has an easy-to-use operator interface with an understandable English-text format. A simple interface for algorithm writers that uses the same commands as the operator interface is provided, encouraging interactive exploration of the system.

AdaRTE: adaptable dialogue architecture and runtime engine. A new architecture for health-care dialogue systems.

PubMed

Rojas-Barahona, L M; Giorgino, T

2007-01-01

Spoken dialogue systems have been increasingly employed to provide ubiquitous automated access via telephone to information and services for the non-Internet-connected public. In the health care context, dialogue systems have been successfully applied. Nevertheless, speech-based technology is not easy to implement because it requires a considerable development investment. The advent of VoiceXML for voice applications contributed to reduce the proliferation of incompatible dialogue interpreters, but introduced new complexity. As a response to these issues, we designed an architecture for dialogue representation and interpretation, AdaRTE, which allows developers to layout dialogue interactions through a high level formalism that offers both declarative and procedural features. AdaRTE aim is to provide a ground for deploying complex and adaptable dialogues whilst allows the experimentation and incremental adoption of innovative speech technologies. It provides the dynamic behavior of Augmented Transition Networks and enables the generation of different backends formats such as VoiceXML. It is especially targeted to the health care context, where a framework for easy dialogue deployment could reduce the barrier for a more widespread adoption of dialogue systems.

Real-time detection with AdaBoost-svm combination in various face orientation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fhonna, R. P.; Nasution, M. K. M.; Tulus

2018-03-01

Most of the research has used algorithm AdaBoost-SVM for face detection. However, to our knowledge so far there is no research has been facing detection on real-time data with various orientations using the combination of AdaBoost and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Characteristics of complex and diverse face variations and real-time data in various orientations, and with a very complex application will slow down the performance of the face detection system this becomes a challenge in this research. Face orientation performed on the detection system, that is 900, 450, 00, -450, and -900. This combination method is expected to be an effective and efficient solution in various face orientations. The results showed that the highest average detection rate is on the face detection oriented 00 and the lowest detection rate is in the face orientation 900.

Alteration/Deficiency in Activation 3 (ADA3) Protein, a Cell Cycle Regulator, Associates with the Centromere through CENP-B and Regulates Chromosome Segregation.

PubMed

Mohibi, Shakur; Srivastava, Shashank; Wang-France, Jun; Mirza, Sameer; Zhao, Xiangshan; Band, Hamid; Band, Vimla

2015-11-20

ADA3 (alteration/deficiency in activation 3) is a conserved component of several transcriptional co-activator and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes. Recently, we generated Ada3 knock-out mice and demonstrated that deletion of Ada3 leads to early embryonic lethality. The use of Ada3(FL/FL) mouse embryonic fibroblasts with deletion of Ada3 using adenovirus Cre showed a critical role of ADA3 in cell cycle progression through mitosis. Here, we demonstrate an association of ADA3 with the higher order repeat region of the α-satellite region on human X chromosome centromeres that is consistent with its role in mitosis. Given the role of centromere proteins (CENPs) in mitosis, we next analyzed whether ADA3 associates with the centromere through CENPs. Both an in vivo proximity ligation assay and immunofluorescence studies confirmed the association of ADA3 with CENP-B protein, a highly conserved centromeric protein that binds to the 17-bp DNA sequences on α-satellite DNA. Deletional analysis showed that ADA3 directly associates with CENP-B through its N terminus, and a CENP-B binding-deficient mutant of ADA3 was incompetent in cell proliferation rescue. Notably, knockdown of ADA3 decreased binding of CENP-B onto the centromeres, suggesting that ADA3 is required for the loading of CENP-B onto the centromeres. Finally, we show that deletion of Ada3 from Ada3(FL/FL) mouse embryonic fibroblasts exhibited various chromosome segregation defects. Taken together, we demonstrate a novel ADA3 interaction with CENP-B-centromere that may account for its previously known function in mitosis. This study, together with its known function in maintaining genomic stability and its mislocalization in cancers, suggests an important role of ADA3 in mitosis. © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

The Impact on ADA Associated with Entering the Lock-Out Mode of a Computerized Prerequisite Checking System. Institutional Research Report Number 72.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kangas, Jon Alan

When a discipline enters the lock-out mode in the San Jose/Evergreen Community College District, the computer prevents a student from registering in any course in that discipline unless he/she has completed all prerequisites for that course. To determine how this registration process affected enrollments, average daily attendance (ADA) figures…

Real-Time Ada Problem Solution Study

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-24

been performed, there is a larger base of information concerning standards and guidelines for Ada usage, as well "lessons learned ". A number of...the target machine and operate in conjunction with the application programs, they also require system resources (CPU,memory). The utilization of...Transporter-Consumer 1694 154 6. Producer-Transpt-Buffer- Transp -Consumer 2248 204 7. Relay 906 82 8. Conditional Entry - no rendezvous 170 15

GSFC Ada programming guidelines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roy, Daniel M.; Nelson, Robert W.

1986-01-01

A significant Ada effort has been under way at Goddard for the last two years. To ease the center's transition toward Ada (notably for future space station projects), a cooperative effort of half a dozen companies and NASA personnel was started in 1985 to produce programming standards and guidelines for the Ada language. The great richness of the Ada language and the need of programmers for good style examples makes Ada programming guidelines an important tool to smooth the Ada transition. Because of the natural divergence of technical opinions, the great diversity of our government and private organizations and the novelty of the Ada technology, the creation of an Ada programming guidelines document is a difficult and time consuming task. It is also a vital one. Steps must now be taken to ensure that the guide is refined in an organized but timely manner to reflect the growing level of expertise of the Ada community.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 900726W1. 11019, Verdix Corporation, VADS Prime EXL/320, UNIX System V/386 3.2, Vada-110- 3232, Version 6.0, Prime EXL/320 Greater Than or Equal to Prime EXL/320

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-22

EXL/320, UNIX System V/386 3.2 Customer Agreement Number: 90-05-29- VRX See Section 3.1 for any additional information about the testing environment. As...Distribution/ Washington DC 20301 Availability Codes 05i jAvail and/or Dist SpeaL&L. AVF Control Number: AVF-VSR-376.0191 22 January 1991 90-05-29- VRX Ada

Pleural Fluid Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) Predicts Survival in Patients with Malignant Pleural Effusion.

PubMed

Terra, Ricardo Mingarini; Antonangelo, Leila; Mariani, Alessandro Wasum; de Oliveira, Ricardo Lopes Moraes; Teixeira, Lisete Ribeiro; Pego-Fernandes, Paulo Manuel

2016-08-01

Systemic and local inflammations have been described as relevant prognostic factors in patients with cancer. However, parameters that stand for immune activity in the pleural space have not been tested as predictors of survival in patients with malignant pleural effusion. The objective of this study was to evaluate pleural lymphocytes and Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) as predictors of survival in patients with recurrent malignant pleural effusion. Retrospective cohort study includes patients who underwent pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusion in a tertiary center. Pleural fluid protein concentration, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, oncotic cytology, cell count, and ADA were collected before pleurodesis and analyzed. Survival analysis was performed considering pleurodesis as time origin, and death as the event. Backwards stepwise Cox regression was used to find predictors of survival. 156 patients (out of 196 potentially eligible) were included in this study. Most were female (72 %) and breast cancer was the most common underlying malignancy (53 %). Pleural fluid ADA level was stratified as low (<15 U/L), normal (15 ≤ ADA < 40), and high (≥40). Low and high ADA levels were associated with worse survival when compared to normal ADA (logrank: 0.0024). In multivariable analysis, abnormal ADA (<15 or ADA ≥ 40) and underlying malignancies different from lymphoma, lung, or breast cancer were associated with worse survival. Pleural fluid cell count and lymphocytes number and percentage did not correlate with survival. Pleural fluid Adenosine Deaminase levels (<15 or ≥40 U/L) and neoplasms other than lung, breast, or lymphoma are independent predictors of worse survival in patients with malignant pleural effusion who undergo pleurodesis.

Ada software productivity prototypes: A case study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hihn, Jairus M.; Habib-Agahi, Hamid; Malhotra, Shan

1988-01-01

A case study of the impact of Ada on a Command and Control project completed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is given. The data for this study was collected as part of a general survey of software costs and productivity at JPL and other NASA sites. The task analyzed is a successful example of the use of rapid prototyping as applied to command and control for the U.S. Air Force and provides the U.S. Air Force Military Airlift Command with the ability to track aircraft, air crews and payloads worldwide. The task consists of a replicated database at several globally distributed sites. The local databases at each site can be updated within seconds after changes are entered at any one site. The system must be able to handle up to 400,000 activities per day. There are currently seven sites, each with a local area network of computers and a variety of user displays; the local area networks are tied together into a single wide area network. Using data obtained for eight modules, totaling approximately 500,000 source lines of code, researchers analyze the differences in productivities between subtasks. Factors considered are percentage of Ada used in coding, years of programmer experience, and the use of Ada tools and modern programming practices. The principle findings are the following. Productivity is very sensitive to programmer experience. The use of Ada software tools and the use of modern programming practices are important; without such use Ada is just a large complex language which can cause productivity to decrease. The impact of Ada on development effort phases is consistent with earlier reports at the project level but not at the module level.

Ada style guide (version 1.1)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seidewitz, Edwin V.; Agresti, William; Ferry, Daniel; Lavallee, David; Maresca, Paul; Nelson, Robert; Quimby, Kelvin; Rosenberg, Jacob; Roy, Daniel; Shell, Allyn

1987-01-01

Ada is a programming language of considerable expressive power. The Ada Language Reference Manual provides a thorough definition of the language. However, it does not offer sufficient guidance on the appropriate use of Ada's powerful features. For this reason, the Goddard Space Flight Center Ada User's Group has produced this style guide which addresses such program style issues. The guide covers three areas of Ada program style: the structural decomposition of a program; the coding and the use of specific Ada features; and the textural formatting of a program.

Gamma ray observatory dynamics simulator in Ada (GRODY)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

This experiment involved the parallel development of dynamics simulators for the Gamma Ray Observatory in both FORTRAN and Ada for the purpose of evaluating the applicability of Ada to the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center's flight dynamics environment. The experiment successfully demonstrated that Ada is a viable, valuable technology for use in this environment. In addition to building a simulator, the Ada team evaluated training approaches, developed an Ada methodology appropriate to the flight dynamics environment, and established a baseline for evaluating future Ada projects.

Ada (Tradename) Compiler Validation Summary Report. Harris Corporation. Harris Ada Compiler, Version 1.0. Harris H700 and H60.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-06-28

Report : 28 JUN 1986 to 28 JUN 1987 Harris Corporation, HARRIS Ada Compiler, Version 1.0, Harris H700 and H60 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT ...CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Oata Entered) .. . • -- 7 1. -SUPPLEMENTARYNOTES Ada ® Compiler Validation Summary Report : Compiler Name: HARRIS Ada Compiler...AVF-VSR-43.1086 Ada® COMPILER VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT : Harris Corporation HARRIS Ada Compiler, Version 1.0 Harris H700 and H60 Completion of

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Harris Corporation, Harris Ada Compiler, Version 1.0, Harris H1200 Host. Textronix 8540A-1750A Target.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-06-03

REPORT - HARRIS U-1 CORPORATION HARRIS ADA COM (Ui) ADA JOINT PROGRAM OFFICE ARLINGTON VA 93 JUN 87 NC... Report : 3 June 1987 to 3 June 1988 Harris Corp., Harris Ada Compiler, Ver. 1.0, Harris H1200 Host. Tektronix 8540A-1750A Target 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT ...01 -07-HAR Ada ® COMPILER VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT : Harris Corporation Harris Ada Compiler, Version 1.0 Harris H1200 Host Tektronix

Ada To X-Window Bindings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Souleles, Dean

1993-01-01

Ada to X-Window Bindings computer program developed to provide Ada programmers with complete interfaces to Xt Intrinsics and OSF Motif toolkits. Provides "Ada view" of some mostly C-language programming libraries. Package of software written in Ada and C languages.

Analysis of serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) and ADA1 and ADA2 isoenzyme activities in HIV positive and HIV-HBV co-infected patients.

PubMed

Khodadadi, Iraj; Abdi, Mohammad; Ahmadi, Abbas; Wahedi, Mohammad Saleh; Menbari, Shahoo; Lahoorpour, Fariba; Rahbari, Rezgar

2011-08-01

To determine adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity as a possible diagnostic marker in HIV and HIV-HBV co-infected patients. Blood samples were collected from 72 healthy, 33 HIV positive and 30 HIV-HBV co-infected subjects. Blood CD4+ cell count was recorded and serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total ADA, and ADA1 and ADA2 isoenzyme activities were determined. Serum ALT, AST, total ADA and ADA2 isoenzyme activities were significantly higher in HIV positive and HIV-HBV co-infected groups compare to the control (p<0.05), whereas serum ALP showed no differences between groups. CD4+ cell counts markedly decreased in all patients and showed a significant inverse correlation with ADA activities (R(2)=0.589, p<0.001). Serum ADA was significantly increased in HIV and HIV-HBV co-infections. Therefore, because of its low cost and simplicity to perform, ADA activity might be considered as a useful diagnostic tool among the other markers in these diseases. Copyright © 2011 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

36 CFR 1192.121 - Public information system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... COMPLIANCE BOARD AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT (ADA) ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES FOR TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES... public address system permitting transportation system personnel, or recorded or digitized human speech...

Evaluating pleural ADA, ADA2, IFN-γ and IGRA for diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy.

PubMed

Keng, Li-Ta; Shu, Chin-Chung; Chen, Jason Yao-Ping; Liang, Sheng-Kai; Lin, Ching-Kai; Chang, Lih-Yu; Chang, Chia-Hao; Wang, Jann-Yuan; Yu, Chong-Jen; Lee, Li-Na

2013-10-01

Conventional methods for diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy (TB pleurisy) are either invasive or have a long turn-around-time. Performances of pleural adenosine deaminase (ADA), ADA2, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) as diagnostic tools for TB pleurisy were evaluated. Eighty-eight patients with lymphocyte-predominant pleural exudates between June 2010 and March 2011, including 31 with clinically diagnosed TB pleurisy, were prospectively studied. Pleural ADA and ADA2 activity were measured by colorimetric method, IFN-γ levels by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay, and IGRA by enzyme-linked immuno-spot (T-SPOT.TB) assay. Pleural ADA, ADA2, and IFN-γ levels, but not the proportion of positive T-SPOT.TB assay, were significantly higher in patients with TB pleurisy than in those without TB pleurisy. The area under the receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.920, 0.893, 0.875, and 0.544 for IFN-γ, ADA2, ADA, and T-SPOT.TB assay, respectively. The combination of ADA ≥ 40 IU/L and IFN-γ ≥ 75 pg/mL yielded a specificity of 100%. Pleural ADA, ADA2 and IFN-γ, but not T-SPOT.TB assay, are all sensitive and specific for TB pleurisy. In patients with lymphocyte-predominant pleural exudates, ADA ≥ 40 IU/L and IFN-γ ≥ 75 pg/mL in pleural effusion imply a very high probability of TB pleurisy. Copyright © 2013 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

AdaFF: Adaptive Failure-Handling Framework for Composite Web Services

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Yuna; Lee, Wan Yeon; Kim, Kyong Hoon; Kim, Jong

In this paper, we propose a novel Web service composition framework which dynamically accommodates various failure recovery requirements. In the proposed framework called Adaptive Failure-handling Framework (AdaFF), failure-handling submodules are prepared during the design of a composite service, and some of them are systematically selected and automatically combined with the composite Web service at service instantiation in accordance with the requirement of individual users. In contrast, existing frameworks cannot adapt the failure-handling behaviors to user's requirements. AdaFF rapidly delivers a composite service supporting the requirement-matched failure handling without manual development, and contributes to a flexible composite Web service design in that service architects never care about failure handling or variable requirements of users. For proof of concept, we implement a prototype system of the AdaFF, which automatically generates a composite service instance with Web Services Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL) according to the users' requirement specified in XML format and executes the generated instance on the ActiveBPEL engine.

Usability and Culture as Two of the Value Criteria for Evaluating the Artifact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kurosu, Masaaki

In this paper, the conceptual framework of the Artifact Development Analysis (ADA) and its relationship to the usability engineering are outlined. The ADA analyses the significance of all artifacts including hardware, software, humanware and system. Its viewpoint extends both in temporal and spatial dimensions. In short, it deals with the diversity of the artifact and casts the questions "why it is so" and "why it is not so". In this respect, the ADA is related to the usability engineering as one of the value attitudes. The usability engineering puts emphasis on effectiveness and efficiency. The usability is not always the value criterion of highest importance and some people sometimes put more emphasis on other criteria such as the aesthetic aspect, the cost, etc. Based on the findings of ADA, we should focus on the extent where the usability can provide the core satisfaction and we should also summarize the guideline on how the artifact should be designed.

Mobile phone text messaging improves antihypertensive drug adherence in the community.

PubMed

Varleta, Paola; Acevedo, Mónica; Akel, Carlos; Salinas, Claudia; Navarrete, Carlos; García, Ana; Echegoyen, Carolina; Rodriguez, Daniel; Gramusset, Lissette; Leon, Sandra; Cofré, Pedro; Retamal, Raquel; Romero, Katerine

2017-12-01

Antihypertensive drug adherence (ADA) is a mainstay in blood pressure control. Education through mobile phone short message system (SMS) text messaging could improve ADA. The authors conducted a randomized study involving 314 patients with hypertension with <6 months of antihypertensive treatment from the Preventive Health Program of 12 different primary care centers in Santiago, Chile. Patients were randomly assigned to receive or not receive SMS related to ADA and healthy lifestyle. Adherence was assessed by the self-reported four-item scale Morisky-Green-Levine questionnaire at baseline and after 6 months of follow-up, with four of four positive questions classified as good adherence. Group comparison for adherence was performed by means of a logistic regression model, adjusting by baseline adherence, age older than 60 years, and sex. A total of 163 patients were randomized to receive and 151 to not receive SMS. After 6 months of follow-up, ADA in the non-SMS group decreased from 59.3% to 51.4% (P=.1). By contrast, adherence increased from 49% to 62.3% (P=.01) in the SMS group. Text messaging intervention improved ADA (risk ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.6 [P<.05]). At 6-month follow-up, text messaging resulted in an increase in reporting ADA in this hypertensive Latino population. This approach could become an effective tool to overcome poor medication adherence in the community. ©2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Approaches to Mitigate the Unwanted Immunogenicity of Therapeutic Proteins during Drug Development.

PubMed

Salazar-Fontana, Laura I; Desai, Dharmesh D; Khan, Tarik A; Pillutla, Renuka C; Prior, Sandra; Ramakrishnan, Radha; Schneider, Jennifer; Joseph, Alexandra

2017-03-01

All biotherapeutics have the potential to induce an immune response. This immunological response is complex and, in addition to antibody formation, involves T cell activation and innate immune responses that could contribute to adverse effects. Integrated immunogenicity data analysis is crucial to understanding the possible clinical consequences of anti-drug antibody (ADA) responses. Because patient- and product-related factors can influence the immunogenicity of a therapeutic protein, a risk-based approach is recommended and followed by most drug developers to provide insight over the potential harm of unwanted ADA responses. This paper examines mitigation strategies currently implemented and novel under investigation approaches used by drug developers. The review describes immunomodulatory regimens used in the clinic to mitigate deleterious ADA responses to replacement therapies for deficiency syndromes, such as hemophilia A and B, and high risk classical infantile Pompe patients (e.g., cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, rituximab); novel in silico and in vitro prediction tools used to select candidates based on their immunogenicity potential (e.g., anti-CD52 antibody primary sequence and IFN beta-1a formulation); in vitro generation of tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to reduce ADA responses to factor VIII and IX in murine models of hemophilia; and selection of novel delivery systems to reduce in vivo ADA responses to highly immunogenic biotherapeutics (e.g., asparaginase). We conclude that mitigation strategies should be considered early in development for biotherapeutics based on our knowledge of existing clinical data for biotherapeutics and the immune response involved in the generation of these ADAs.

Ada protein-RNA polymerase sigma subunit interaction and alpha subunit-promoter DNA interaction are necessary at different steps in transcription initiation at the Escherichia coli Ada and aidB promoters.

PubMed

Landini, P; Bown, J A; Volkert, M R; Busby, S J

1998-05-22

The methylated form of the Ada protein (meAda) binds the ada and aidB promoters between 60 and 40 base pairs upstream from the transcription start and activates transcription of the Escherichia coli ada and aidB genes. This region is also a binding site for the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase and resembles the rrnB P1 UP element in A/T content and location relative to the core promoter. In this report, we show that deletion of the C-terminal domain of the alpha subunit severely decreases meAda-independent binding of RNA polymerase to ada and aidB, affecting transcription initiation at these promoters. We provide evidence that meAda activates transcription by direct interaction with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase sigma70 subunit (amino acids 574-613). Several negatively charged residues in the sigma70 C-terminal domain are important for transcription activation by meAda; in particular, a glutamic acid to valine substitution at position 575 has a dramatic effect on meAda-dependent transcription. Based on these observations, we propose that the role of the alpha subunit at ada and aidB is to allow initial binding of RNA polymerase to the promoters. However, transcription initiation is dependent on meAda-sigma70 interaction.

Ada Implementation Guide. Software Engineering With Ada. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-04-01

copy of the latest Ada Compiler Validation Capability (ACVC), the validation test suite ADA-BIB 10/15/91 2048 How to obtain the AJPO’S Ada...A I A-4Department of the Navy I I I 3 Helpful Sources AF-INT9I 8/12/91 2048 Text of Air Force 1991 Interpretation of Congressional Mandate SAF-POL88...the Ada language I 3 Ada Implementation Guide A--45 I I Helpful Sources CREASE 11/27/91 2048 How to obtain AJPO’s April 1988 CREASE Version 5.0 3

Object-oriented programming with mixins in Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seidewitz, ED

1992-01-01

Recently, I wrote a paper discussing the lack of 'true' object-oriented programming language features in Ada 83, why one might desire them in Ada, and how they might be added in Ada 9X. The approach I took in this paper was to build the new object-oriented features of Ada 9X as much as possible on the basic constructs and philosophy of Ada 83. The object-oriented features proposed for Ada 9X, while different in detail, are based on the same kind of approach. Further consideration of this approach led me on a long reflection on the nature of object-oriented programming and its application to Ada. The results of this reflection, presented in this paper, show how a fairly natural object-oriented style can indeed be developed even in Ada 83. The exercise of developing this style is useful for at least three reasons: (1) it provides a useful style for programming object-oriented applications in Ada 83 until new features become available with Ada 9X; (2) it demystifies many of the mechanisms that seem to be 'magic' in most object-oriented programming languages by making them explicit; and (3) it points out areas that are and are not in need of change in Ada 83 to make object-oriented programming more natural in Ada 9X. In the next four sections I will address in turn the issues of object-oriented classes, mixins, self-reference and supertyping. The presentation is through a sequence of examples. This results in some overlap with that paper, but all the examples in the present paper are written entirely in Ada 83. I will return to considerations for Ada 9X in the last section of the paper.

Epitope characterization of the ADA response directed against a targeted immunocytokine.

PubMed

Stubenrauch, Kay; Künzel, Christian; Vogel, Rudolf; Tuerck, Dietrich; Schick, Eginhard; Heinrich, Julia

2015-10-10

Targeted immunocytokines (TICs) display potent activity in selective tumor suppression. This class of multi domain biotherapeutics (MDBs) is composed of the three major domains Fab, Fc, and a cytokine which may induce a complex polyclonal anti-drug antibody (ADA) response. However, classical ADA assays usually are not suitable to specify ADAs and to identify the immunogenic domains of a TIC. The purpose of the present study was to establish epitope characterization of ADA responses in order to specify immunogenic responses against a TIC and their direct impact on the pharmacokinetic profile, safety, and efficacy. Based on standard ADA screening and confirmation assays, respectively, domain detection assays (DDAs) and domain competition assays (DCAs) were established and compared by the use of 12 ADA-positive samples obtained from a cynomolgus monkey study in early development. Both domain-specific assays were sensitive enough to preserve the positive screening assay result and revealed an overall accordance for the evaluation of domain-specific ADA responses. About half of the samples displayed one ADA specificity, either for the Fab or for the cytokine (Cy) domain, and the remaining samples showed a combination of Fab-specific and Cy-specific ADA fractions. Fc-specific ADAs occurred in only one sample. In-depth comparison of DCAs and DDAs showed that both assays appeared to be appropriate to assess multi-specific ADA responses as well as minor ADA fractions. An advantage of DCAs is typically a fast and easy assay establishment, whereas, DDAs in some cases may be superior to assess low abundant ADAs in multi-specific responses. Our results reveal that both approaches benefit from thorough reagent development as an essential precondition for reliable epitope characterization of ADA responses. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Alteration/deficiency in activation-3 (Ada3) plays a critical role in maintaining genomic stability

PubMed Central

Mirza, Sameer; Katafiasz, Bryan J.; Kumar, Rakesh; Wang, Jun; Mohibi, Shakur; Jain, Smrati; Gurumurthy, Channabasavaiah Basavaraju; Pandita, Tej K.; Dave, Bhavana J.; Band, Hamid; Band, Vimla

2012-01-01

Cell cycle regulation and DNA repair following damage are essential for maintaining genome integrity. DNA damage activates checkpoints in order to repair damaged DNA prior to exit to the next phase of cell cycle. Recently, we have shown the role of Ada3, a component of various histone acetyltransferase complexes, in cell cycle regulation, and loss of Ada3 results in mouse embryonic lethality. Here, we used adenovirus-Cre-mediated Ada3 deletion in Ada3fl/fl mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to assess the role of Ada3 in DNA damage response following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). We report that Ada3 depletion was associated with increased levels of phospho-ATM (pATM), γH2AX, phospho-53BP1 (p53BP1) and phospho-RAD51 (pRAD51) in untreated cells; however, radiation response was intact in Ada3−/− cells. Notably, Ada3−/− cells exhibited a significant delay in disappearance of DNA damage foci for several critical proteins involved in the DNA repair process. Significantly, loss of Ada3 led to enhanced chromosomal aberrations, such as chromosome breaks, fragments, deletions and translocations, which further increased upon DNA damage. Notably, the total numbers of aberrations were more clearly observed in S-phase, as compared with G₁ or G₂ phases of cell cycle with IR. Lastly, comparison of DNA damage in Ada3fl/fl and Ada3−/− cells confirmed higher residual DNA damage in Ada3−/− cells, underscoring a critical role of Ada3 in the DNA repair process. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for a novel role for Ada3 in maintenance of the DNA repair process and genomic stability. PMID:23095635

Evaluation of the ACEC Benchmark Suite for Real-Time Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-07-23

1.0 benchmark suite waSanalyzed with respect to its measuring of Ada real-time features such as tasking, memory management, input/output, scheduling...and delay statement, Chapter 13 features , pragmas, interrupt handling, subprogram overhead, numeric computations etc. For most of the features that...meant for programming real-time systems. The ACEC benchmarks have been analyzed extensively with respect to their measuring of Ada real-time features

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report. Certificate Number: 910721I1. 11194, Telesoft TeleGen2 (Trademark) Ada Host Development System, Version 4.1, for MacII Systems MacIIfx under A/UX 2.0 Host and Target.

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-07-18

controls Lhe execution of programs and that System provides services such as resource allocation, scheduling, input/output control, and data management...greater than 5330 making the cnecking of :his :ctet-;e 17pra:n2zal. 2-3 _MPLMENTAT: ZN DEPENDENC ::S 2.3 TEST MCDIFICAT:CNS Modificat-ons (see section...implementation. it also indicates te default options. The options invoked explicitly for validation testing are ven on the next page, wnich was supplied by the

Impact of Ada in the Flight Dynamics Division: Excitement and frustration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bailey, John; Waligora, Sharon; Stark, Mike

1993-01-01

In 1985, NASA Goddard's Flight Dynamics Division (FDD) began investigating how the Ada language might apply to their software development projects. Although they began cautiously using Ada on only a few pilot projects, they expected that, if the Ada pilots showed promising results, they would fully transition their entire development organization from FORTRAN to Ada within 10 years. However, nearly 9 years later, the FDD still produces 80 percent of its software in FORTRAN, despite positive results on Ada projects. This paper reports preliminary results of an ongoing study, commissioned by the FDD, to quantify the impact of Ada in the FDD, to determine why Ada has not flourished, and to recommend future directions regarding Ada. Project trends in both languages are examined as are external factors and cultural issues that affected the infusion of this technology. This paper is the first public report on the Ada assessment study, which will conclude with a comprehensive final report in mid 1994.

Fault tolerant architectures for integrated aircraft electronics systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Levitt, K. N.; Melliar-Smith, P. M.; Schwartz, R. L.

1983-01-01

Work into possible architectures for future flight control computer systems is described. Ada for Fault-Tolerant Systems, the NETS Network Error-Tolerant System architecture, and voting in asynchronous systems are covered.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Leite, Carlos Eduardo, E-mail: carlos.leite@pucrs.br; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-003; Maboni, Lucas de Oliveira

The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) is increasing as an intermediate preclinical model, to prioritize drug candidates for mammalian testing. As the immune system of the zebrafish is quite similar to that of mammals, models of inflammation are being developed for the screening of new drugs. The characterization of these models is crucial for studies that seek for mechanisms of action and specific pharmacological targets. It is well known that copper is a metal that induces damage and cell migration to hair cells of lateral line of zebrafish. Extracellular nucleotides/nucleosides, as ATP and adenosine (ADO), act as endogenous signaling moleculesmore » during tissue damage by exerting effects on inflammatory and immune responses. The present study aimed to characterize the inflammatory status, and to investigate the involvement of the purinergic system in copper-induced inflammation in zebrafish larvae. Fishes of 7 days post-fertilization were exposed to 10 μM of copper for a period of 24 h. The grade of oxidative stress, inflammatory status, copper uptake, the activity and the gene expression of the enzymes responsible for controlling the levels of nucleotides and adenosine were evaluated. Due to the copper accumulation in zebrafish larvae tissues, the damage and oxidative stress were exacerbated over time, resulting in an inflammatory process involving IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2 and PGE{sub 2}. Within the purinergic system, the mechanisms that control the ADO levels were the most involved, mainly the reactions performed by the isoenzyme ADA 2. In conclusion, our data shed new lights on the mechanisms related to copper-induced inflammation in zebrafish larvae. - Graphical abstract: This scheme provides a chronological proposition for the biochemical events induced by copper in zebrafish larvae. The dashed line shows the absorption of copper over the exposure time. After 1 h of exposure to copper, the release of PGE{sub 2} occurs, followed by an increase of MPO (as a consequence of neutrophil migration), increased expression of genes involved in inflammatory events (IL-1β and TNF-α) and, reduction of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 at 4 h. At 24 h, the copper concentration is found highly increased, what is coincident with oxidative stress. Regarding the purinergic system, it is possible to observe an inhibition of ecto-5′-NT and ADA, with the consequent increase of AMP and ADA, respectively, at 24 h. The expression of enzyme-related genes shows a decrease in the expression of ecto-5′-NT and variable expressions of ADA subfamily enzymes. - Highlights: • Copper led to increased oxidative stress, and decreased the antioxidants' defenses. • Copper induced time-related changes of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10 and PGE{sub 2} levels. • ADA activity controls the levels of adenosine in copper-induced inflammation. • ADA 2 is the main ADA subfamily involved. • The purinergic system seems to be involved in the resolution of inflammation.« less

American Dental Association

MedlinePlus

... Seal of Acceptance Health Policy Institute ADA Scientific Research Dental Practice Parameters Dental Standards ... Publications ADA News JADA (The Journal of the American Dental Association) ADA Catalog ADA ...

Prediction of Driver’s Intention of Lane Change by Augmenting Sensor Information Using Machine Learning Techniques

PubMed Central

Kim, Il-Hwan; Bong, Jae-Hwan; Park, Jooyoung; Park, Shinsuk

2017-01-01

Driver assistance systems have become a major safety feature of modern passenger vehicles. The advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) is one of the active safety systems to improve the vehicle control performance and, thus, the safety of the driver and the passengers. To use the ADAS for lane change control, rapid and correct detection of the driver’s intention is essential. This study proposes a novel preprocessing algorithm for the ADAS to improve the accuracy in classifying the driver’s intention for lane change by augmenting basic measurements from conventional on-board sensors. The information on the vehicle states and the road surface condition is augmented by using an artificial neural network (ANN) models, and the augmented information is fed to a support vector machine (SVM) to detect the driver’s intention with high accuracy. The feasibility of the developed algorithm was tested through driving simulator experiments. The results show that the classification accuracy for the driver’s intention can be improved by providing an SVM model with sufficient driving information augmented by using ANN models of vehicle dynamics. PMID:28604582

49 CFR 37.125 - ADA paratransit eligibility: Process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false ADA paratransit eligibility: Process. 37.125... INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Paratransit as a Complement to Fixed Route Service § 37.125 ADA... § 37.121 of this part shall establish a process for determining ADA paratransit eligibility. (a) The...

Ada (trademark) projects at NASA. Runtime environment issues and recommendations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roy, Daniel M.; Wilke, Randall W.

1988-01-01

Ada practitioners should use this document to discuss and establish common short term requirements for Ada runtime environments. The major current Ada runtime environment issues are identified through the analysis of some of the Ada efforts at NASA and other research centers. The runtime environment characteristics of major compilers are compared while alternate runtime implementations are reviewed. Modifications and extensions to the Ada Language Reference Manual to address some of these runtime issues are proposed. Three classes of projects focusing on the most critical runtime features of Ada are recommended, including a range of immediately feasible full scale Ada development projects. Also, a list of runtime features and procurement issues is proposed for consideration by the vendors, contractors and the government.

Transforming AdaPT to Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goldsack, Stephen J.; Holzbach-Valero, A. A.; Waldrop, Raymond S.; Volz, Richard A.

1991-01-01

This paper describes how the main features of the proposed Ada language extensions intended to support distribution, and offered as possible solutions for Ada9X can be implemented by transformation into standard Ada83. We start by summarizing the features proposed in a paper (Gargaro et al, 1990) which constitutes the definition of the extensions. For convenience we have called the language in its modified form AdaPT which might be interpreted as Ada with partitions. These features were carefully chosen to provide support for the construction of executable modules for execution in nodes of a network of loosely coupled computers, but flexibly configurable for different network architectures and for recovery following failure, or adapting to mode changes. The intention in their design was to provide extensions which would not impact adversely on the normal use of Ada, and would fit well in style and feel with the existing standard. We begin by summarizing the features introduced in AdaPT.

Switching From Reference Adalimumab to SB5 (Adalimumab Biosimilar) in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Fifty-Two-Week Phase III Randomized Study Results.

PubMed

Weinblatt, Michael E; Baranauskaite, Asta; Dokoupilova, Eva; Zielinska, Agnieszka; Jaworski, Janusz; Racewicz, Artur; Pileckyte, Margarita; Jedrychowicz-Rosiak, Krystyna; Baek, Inyoung; Ghil, Jeehoon

2018-06-01

The 24-week equivalent efficacy and comparable safety results of the biosimilar SB5 and reference adalimumab (ADA) from the phase III randomized study in patients with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been reported previously. We undertook this transition study to evaluate patients who switched from ADA to SB5 or who continued to receive SB5 or ADA up to 52 weeks. In this phase III study, patients were initially randomized 1:1 to receive SB5 or ADA (40 mg subcutaneously every other week). At 24 weeks, patients receiving ADA were rerandomized 1:1 to continue with ADA (ADA/ADA group) or to switch to SB5 (ADA/SB5 group) up to week 52; patients receiving SB5 continued with SB5 for 52 weeks (SB5 group). Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity were evaluated up to 52 weeks. The full analysis set population consisted of 542 patients (269 in the SB5 group, 273 in the ADA overall group [patients who were randomized to receive ADA at week 0], 125 in the ADA/SB5 group, and 129 in the ADA/ADA group). The percentages of patients meeting the American College of Rheumatology 20%, 50%, or 70% improvement criteria (achieving an ACR20, ACR50, or ACR70 response) at week 24 were maintained after the transition from ADA to SB5, and these response rates were comparable across treatment groups throughout the study. ACR20 response rates ranged from 73.4% to 78.8% at week 52. Radiographic progression was minimal and comparable across treatment groups. The safety profile and the incidence of antidrug antibodies were comparable across treatment groups after transition. SB5 was well tolerated over 1 year in patients with RA, with efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity comparable to those of ADA. Switching from ADA to SB5 had no treatment-emergent issues such as increased adverse events, increased immunogenicity, or loss of efficacy. © 2018 The Authors. Arthritis & Rheumatology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American College of Rheumatology.

Cytoplasmic localization of alteration/deficiency in activation 3 (ADA3) predicts poor clinical outcome in breast cancer patients.

PubMed

Mirza, Sameer; Rakha, Emad A; Alshareeda, Alaa; Mohibi, Shakur; Zhao, Xiangshan; Katafiasz, Bryan J; Wang, Jun; Gurumurthy, Channabasavaiah Basavaraju; Bele, Aditya; Ellis, Ian O; Green, Andrew R; Band, Hamid; Band, Vimla

2013-02-01

Transcriptional activation by estrogen receptor (ER) is a key step to breast oncogenesis. Given previous findings that ADA3 is a critical component of HAT complexes that regulate ER function and evidence that overexpression of other ER coactivators such as SRC-3 is associated with clinical outcomes in breast cancer, the current study was designed to assess the potential significance of ADA3 expression/localization in human breast cancer patients. In this study, we analyzed ADA3 expression in breast cancer tissue specimens and assessed the correlation of ADA3 staining with cancer progression and patient outcome. Tissue microarrays prepared from large series of breast cancer patients with long-term follow-ups were stained with anti-ADA3 monoclonal antibody using immunohistochemistry. Samples were analyzed for ADA3 expression followed by correlation with various clinicopathological parameters and patients' outcomes. We report that breast cancer specimens show predominant nuclear, cytoplasmic, or mixed nuclear + cytoplasmic ADA3 staining patterns. Predominant nuclear ADA3 staining correlated with ER+ status. While predominant cytoplasmic ADA3 staining negatively correlated with ER+ status, but positively correlated with ErbB2, EGFR, and Ki67. Furthermore, a positive correlation of cytoplasmic ADA3 was observed with higher histological grade, mitotic counts, Nottingham Prognostic Index, and positive vascular invasion. Patients with nuclear ADA3 and ER positivity have better breast cancer specific survival and distant metastasis free survival. Significantly, cytoplasmic expression of ADA3 showed a strong positive association with reduced BCSS and DMFS in ErbB2+/EGFR+ patients. Although in multivariate analyses ADA3 expression was not an independent marker of survival, predominant nuclear ADA3 staining in breast cancer tissues correlates with ER+ expression and together serves as a marker of good prognosis, whereas predominant cytoplasmic ADA3 expression correlates with ErbB2+/EGFR+ expression and together is a marker of poor prognosis. Thus, ADA3 cytoplasmic localization together with ErbB2+/EGFR+ status may serve as better prognostic marker than individual proteins to predict survival of patients.

Assessing the utility of TAM, TPB, and UTAUT for advanced driver assistance systems.

PubMed

Rahman, Md Mahmudur; Lesch, Mary F; Horrey, William J; Strawderman, Lesley

2017-11-01

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are intended to enhance driver performance and improve transportation safety. The potential benefits of these technologies, such as reduction in number of crashes, enhancing driver comfort or convenience, decreasing environmental impact, etc., have been acknowledged by transportation safety researchers and federal transportation agencies. Although these systems afford safety advantages, they may also challenge the traditional role of drivers in operating vehicles. Driver acceptance, therefore, is essential for the implementation of these systems into the transportation system. Recognizing the need for research into the factors affecting driver acceptance, this study assessed the utility of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) for modelling driver acceptance in terms of Behavioral Intention to use an ADAS. Each of these models propose a set of factors that influence acceptance of a technology. Data collection was done using two approaches: a driving simulator approach and an online survey approach. In both approaches, participants interacted with either a fatigue monitoring system or an adaptive cruise control system combined with a lane-keeping system. Based on their experience, participants responded to several survey questions to indicate their attitude toward using the ADAS and their perception of its usefulness, usability, etc. A sample of 430 surveys were collected for this study. Results found that all the models (TAM, TPB, and UTAUT) can explain driver acceptance with their proposed sets of factors, each explaining 71% or more of the variability in Behavioral Intention. Among the models, TAM was found to perform the best in modelling driver acceptance followed by TPB. The findings of this study confirm that these models can be applied to ADAS technologies and that they provide a basis for understanding driver acceptance. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Stationary Wavelet Transform and AdaBoost with SVM Based Pathological Brain Detection in MRI Scanning.

PubMed

Nayak, Deepak Ranjan; Dash, Ratnakar; Majhi, Banshidhar

2017-01-01

This paper presents an automatic classification system for segregating pathological brain from normal brains in magnetic resonance imaging scanning. The proposed system employs contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization scheme to enhance the diseased region in brain MR images. Two-dimensional stationary wavelet transform is harnessed to extract features from the preprocessed images. The feature vector is constructed using the energy and entropy values, computed from the level- 2 SWT coefficients. Then, the relevant and uncorrelated features are selected using symmetric uncertainty ranking filter. Subsequently, the selected features are given input to the proposed AdaBoost with support vector machine classifier, where SVM is used as the base classifier of AdaBoost algorithm. To validate the proposed system, three standard MR image datasets, Dataset-66, Dataset-160, and Dataset- 255 have been utilized. The 5 runs of k-fold stratified cross validation results indicate the suggested scheme offers better performance than other existing schemes in terms of accuracy and number of features. The proposed system earns ideal classification over Dataset-66 and Dataset-160; whereas, for Dataset- 255, an accuracy of 99.45% is achieved. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

Insights into the rheological behaviors evolution of alginate dialdehyde crosslinked collagen solutions evaluated by numerical models.

PubMed

Zhu, Shichen; Yu, Xiaoyue; Xiong, Shanbai; Liu, Ru; Gu, Zhipeng; You, Juan; Yin, Tao; Hu, Yang

2017-09-01

The elaboration of the rheological behaviors of alginate dialdehyde (ADA) crosslinked collagen solutions, along with the quantitative analysis via numerical models contribute to the controllable design of ADA crosslinked solution system's fluid mechanics performance during manufacturing process for collagen biomaterials. In the present work, steady shear flow, dynamical viscoelasticity, creep-recovery, thixotropy tests were performed to characterize the rheological behaviors of the collagen solutions incorporating of ADA from the different aspects and fitted with corresponding numerical models. It was found that pseudoplastic properties of all samples enhanced with increasing amounts of ADA, which was confirmed by the parameters calculated from the Ostwald-de Waele model, Carreau and Cross model, for instance, the non-Newtonian index (n) decreased from 0.786 to 0.201 and a great increase by 280 times in value of viscosity index (K) was obtained from Ostwald-de Waele model. The forth-mode Leonov model was selected to fit all dynamic modulus-frequency curves due to its higher fitting precision (R 2 >0.99). It could be found that the values of correlation shear viscosity (η k ) increased and the values of relaxation time (θ k ) decreased with increasing ADA at the fixed k value, suggesting that the incorporation of ADA accelerated the transformation of the collagen solutions from liquid-like to gel-like state due to more formation of CN linkages between aldehyde groups and lysine residues. Also, the curves of creep and recovery phase of the native and crosslinked collagen solutions were simulated well using Burger model and a semi-empirical model, respectively. The ability to resist to deformation and elasticity strengthened for the samples with higher amounts of ADA, accompanied with the important fact that compliance value (J 50 ) decreased from 56.317Pa -1 to 2.135Pa -1 and the recovery percentage (R creep ) increased from 2.651% to 28.217%. Finally, it was found that the area of thixotropic loop increased from 8.942Pa/s to 17.823Pa/s with increasing introduction of ADA, suggesting that stronger thixotropic behavior was associated with higher amount of ADA. Furthermore, Herschel-Bulkley model was employed to describe the up and down curves of all samples and it was confirmed that all collagen solutions belonged to pseudoplastic fluid (the flow index<1) without apparent yield stress and shear-thinning behaviors were more obvious with increasing additions of ADA according to the increasing consistency coefficient K values. Overall, this work contributed a new insight into the interactions between collagen and ADA based on quantitative rheological methods reflecting the different rheological properties and the results obtained should be of great utility in the extensive application of ADA crosslinked collagen solutions into diverse collagen-based materials. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ada (Trade Name) Compiler Validation Summary Report: Harris Corporation Harris Ada Compiler, Version 1.3 Harris HCX-7.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-06-03

Harris Corp. Harris Ada Compiler, Ver.1.3 Harris HCX-7 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7 AUTH R(s 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT...VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT : Harris Corporation Harris Ada Compiler, Version 1.3 Harris HCX-7 Completion of On-Site Testing: 3 June 1987 & .. . 0 Prepared...Place NTIS form here + .. . .. . .. .. Ada’ Compiler Validation Summary Report : Compiler Name: Harris Ada Compiler, Version 1.3 Host: Target: Harris

The Development of Ada (Trademark) Software for Secure Environments

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-05-23

Telecommunications environment, This paper discusses software socurity and seeks to demostrate how the Ada programming language can be utilizec as a tool...complexity 4 . We use abstraction in our lives every day to control complexity; the principles of abstraction for software engineering are ro different...systems. These features directly sup,) )-t t.ie m odernp software engineering principles d1 s I , , 1 t, thne previous section. This is not surprising

A History of the Development of the Navy Medical Department’s Workload Management System for Nursing.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-08-01

efficient and rational methodology. Young, Giovannetti, Lewison , and Thomas (1981) offer the following comprehensive definition of a staffing methodology... Johns Hopkins Hospital. Connor used industrial engineering techniques, such as work sampling, time and motion studies, and continuous observation, to time...ADA 109883-ADA 109886). Young, J.P., Giovannetti, P., Lewison , D., & Thomas, M.L. Factors Affecting Nurse Staffing in Acute Care Hospitals: A Review

Fault Tolerant Hardware/Software Architecture for Flight Critical Function

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-09-01

Applications Studies Programme. The results of AGARD work are reported to the member nations and the NATO Authorities through the AGARD series of...systems, and is being advocated as a defense against design deficiencies which can plague software. - -- -- z--mm-L ___ K A critical application area for...day of the lecture series concludes with part I of a paper on the ;use of the Ada programming language In flight critical applications . Ada has been

Ada training evaluation and recommendations from the Gamma Ray Observatory Ada Development Team

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1985-01-01

The Ada training experiences of the Gamma Ray Observatory Ada development team are related, and recommendations are made concerning future Ada training for software developers. Training methods are evaluated, deficiencies in the training program are noted, and a recommended approach, including course outline, time allocation, and reference materials, is offered.

Transforming AdaPT to Ada9x

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goldsack, Stephen J.; Holzbach-Valero, A. A.; Volz, Richard A.; Waldrop, Raymond S.

1993-01-01

How the concepts of AdaPT can be transformed into programs using the object oriented features proposed in the preliminary mapping for Ada9x are described. Emphasizing, as they do, the importance of data types as units of program, these features match well with the development of partitions as translations into Abstract Data Types which was exploited in the Ada83 translation covered in report R3. By providing a form of polymorphic type, the Ada83 version also gives support for the conformant partition idea which could be achieved in Ada83 only by using UNCHECKED CONVERSIONS. It is assumed that the reader understands AdaPT itself, but the translation into Ada83 is briefly reviewed, by applying it to a small example. This is then used to show how the same translation would be achieved in the 9x version. It is important to appreciate that the distribution features which are proposed in current mapping are not used or discussed in any detail, as those are not well matched to the AdaPT approach. Critical evaluation and comparison of these approaches is given in a separate report.

Storage management in Ada. Three reports. Volume 1: Storage management in Ada as a risk to the development of reliable software. Volume 2: Relevant aspects of language. Volume 3: Requirements of the language versus manifestations of current implementations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Auty, David

1988-01-01

The risk to the development of program reliability is derived from the use of a new language and from the potential use of new storage management techniques. With Ada and associated support software, there is a lack of established guidelines and procedures, drawn from experience and common usage, which assume reliable behavior. The risk is identified and clarified. In order to provide a framework for future consideration of dynamic storage management on Ada, a description of the relevant aspects of the language is presented in two sections: Program data sources, and declaration and allocation in Ada. Storage-management characteristics of the Ada language and storage-management characteristics of Ada implementations are differentiated. Terms that are used are defined in a narrow and precise sense. The storage-management implications of the Ada language are described. The storage-management options available to the Ada implementor and the implications of the implementor's choice for the Ada programmer are also described.

The impact of common APSE interface set specifications on space station information systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Diaz-Herrera, Jorge L.; Sibley, Edgar H.

1986-01-01

Certain types of software facilities are needed in a Space Station Information Systems Environment; the Common APSE (Ada Program Support Environment) Interface Set (CAIS) was proposed as a means of satisfying them. The reasonableness of this is discussed by examining the current CAIS, considering the changes due to the latest Requirements and Criteria (RAC) document, and postulating the effects on the CAIS 2.0. Finally, a few additional comments are made on the problems inherent in the Ada language itself, especially on its deficiencies when used for implementing large distributed processing and data base applications.

Exploiting the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one ring system as a useful template to obtain potent adenosine deaminase inhibitors.

PubMed

La Motta, Concettina; Sartini, Stefania; Mugnaini, Laura; Salerno, Silvia; Simorini, Francesca; Taliani, Sabrina; Marini, Anna Maria; Da Settimo, Federico; Lavecchia, Antonio; Novellino, Ettore; Antonioli, Luca; Fornai, Matteo; Blandizzi, Corrado; Del Tacca, Mario

2009-03-26

A number of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones bearing either alkyl or arylalkyl substituents in position 2 of the nucleus were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit adenosine deaminase (ADA) from bovine spleen. The 2-arylalkyl derivatives exhibited excellent inhibitory activity, showing Ki values in the nanomolar/subnanomolar range. The most active compound, 1-(4-((4-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)methyl)phenyl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea, 14d, was tested in rats with colitis induced by 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid to assess its efficacy to attenuate bowel inflammation. The treatment with 14d induced a significant amelioration of both systemic and intestinal inflammatory alterations in animals with experimental colitis. Docking simulations of the synthesized compounds into the ADA catalytic site were also performed to rationalize the structure-activity relationships observed and to highlight the key pharmacophoric elements of these products, thus prospectively guiding the design of novel ADA inhibitors.

Using naturalistic driving films as a design tool for investigating driver requirements in HMI design for ADAS.

PubMed

Wang, Minjuan; Sun, Dong; Chen, Fang

2012-01-01

In recent years, there are many naturalistic driving projects have been conducted, such as the 100-Car Project (Naturalistic Driving study in United State), EuroFOT(European Large-Scale Field Operational Tests on Vehicle Systems), SeMi- FOT(Sweden Michigan Naturalistic Field Operational Test and etc. However, those valuable naturalistic driving data hasn't been applied into Human-machine Interaction (HMI) design for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), a good HMI design for ADAS requires a deep understanding of drive environment and the interactions between the driving car and other road users in different situations. The results demonstrated the benefits of using naturalistic driving films as a mean for enhancing focus group discussion for better understanding driver's needs and traffic environment constraints. It provided an efficient tool for designers to have inside knowledge about drive and the needs for information presentation; The recommendations for how to apply this method is discussed in the paper.

Paranoia.Ada: A diagnostic program to evaluate Ada floating-point arithmetic

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hjermstad, Chris

1986-01-01

Many essential software functions in the mission critical computer resource application domain depend on floating point arithmetic. Numerically intensive functions associated with the Space Station project, such as emphemeris generation or the implementation of Kalman filters, are likely to employ the floating point facilities of Ada. Paranoia.Ada appears to be a valuabe program to insure that Ada environments and their underlying hardware exhibit the precision and correctness required to satisfy mission computational requirements. As a diagnostic tool, Paranoia.Ada reveals many essential characteristics of an Ada floating point implementation. Equipped with such knowledge, programmers need not tremble before the complex task of floating point computation.

AN ADA LINEAR ALGEBRA PACKAGE MODELED AFTER HAL/S

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klumpp, A. R.

1994-01-01

This package extends the Ada programming language to include linear algebra capabilities similar to those of the HAL/S programming language. The package is designed for avionics applications such as Space Station flight software. In addition to the HAL/S built-in functions, the package incorporates the quaternion functions used in the Shuttle and Galileo projects, and routines from LINPAK that solve systems of equations involving general square matrices. Language conventions in this package follow those of HAL/S to the maximum extent practical and minimize the effort required for writing new avionics software and translating existent software into Ada. Valid numeric types in this package include scalar, vector, matrix, and quaternion declarations. (Quaternions are fourcomponent vectors used in representing motion between two coordinate frames). Single precision and double precision floating point arithmetic is available in addition to the standard double precision integer manipulation. Infix operators are used instead of function calls to define dot products, cross products, quaternion products, and mixed scalar-vector, scalar-matrix, and vector-matrix products. The package contains two generic programs: one for floating point, and one for integer. The actual component type is passed as a formal parameter to the generic linear algebra package. The procedures for solving systems of linear equations defined by general matrices include GEFA, GECO, GESL, and GIDI. The HAL/S functions include ABVAL, UNIT, TRACE, DET, INVERSE, TRANSPOSE, GET, PUT, FETCH, PLACE, and IDENTITY. This package is written in Ada (Version 1.2) for batch execution and is machine independent. The linear algebra software depends on nothing outside the Ada language except for a call to a square root function for floating point scalars (such as SQRT in the DEC VAX MATHLIB library). This program was developed in 1989, and is a copyrighted work with all copyright vested in NASA.

Antidrug Antibody Formation in Oncology: Clinical Relevance and Challenges.

PubMed

van Brummelen, Emilie M J; Ros, Willeke; Wolbink, Gertjan; Beijnen, Jos H; Schellens, Jan H M

2016-10-01

: In oncology, an increasing number of targeted anticancer agents and immunotherapies are of biological origin. These biological drugs may trigger immune responses that lead to the formation of antidrug antibodies (ADAs). ADAs are directed against immunogenic parts of the drug and may affect efficacy and safety. In other medical fields, such as rheumatology and hematology, the relevance of ADA formation is well established. However, the relevance of ADAs in oncology is just starting to be recognized, and literature on this topic is scarce. In an attempt to fill this gap in the literature, we provide an up-to-date status of ADA formation in oncology. In this focused review, data on ADAs was extracted from 81 clinical trials with biological anticancer agents. We found that most biological anticancer drugs in these trials are immunogenic and induce ADAs (63%). However, it is difficult to establish the clinical relevance of these ADAs. In order to determine this relevance, the possible effects of ADAs on pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety parameters need to be investigated. Our data show that this was done in fewer than 50% of the trials. In addition, we describe the incidence and consequences of ADAs for registered agents. We highlight the challenges in ADA detection and argue for the importance of validating, standardizing, and describing well the used assays. Finally, we discuss prevention strategies such as immunosuppression and regimen adaptations. We encourage the launch of clinical trials that explore these strategies in oncology. Because of the increasing use of biologicals in oncology, many patients are at risk of developing antidrug antibodies (ADAs) during therapy. Although clinical consequences are uncertain, ADAs may affect pharmacokinetics, patient safety, and treatment efficacy. ADA detection and reporting is currently highly inconsistent, which makes it difficult to evaluate the clinical consequences. Standardized reporting of ADA investigations in the context of the aforementioned parameters is critical to understanding the relevance of ADA formation for each drug. Furthermore, the development of trials that specifically aim to investigate clinical prevention strategies in oncology is needed. ©AlphaMed Press.

Cultural Diversity and the ADA. Implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bruyere, Susanne M.; Hoying, Joyce

One of a series of guides on implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), this guide focuses on cultural diversity and the ADA. First, the major components of the ADA are summarized. This is followed by discussion of employer considerations in addressing cultural diversity issues and implications of the ADA, such as diversity…

36 CFR 1192.103 - Public information system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... COMPLIANCE BOARD AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT (ADA) ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES FOR TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES... speech messages, to announce stations and provide other passenger information. Alternative systems or...

Estimation of the Ocean Skin Temperature using the NASA GEOS Atmospheric Data Assimilation System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koster, Randal D.; Akella, Santha; Todling, Ricardo; Suarez, Max

2016-01-01

This report documents the status of the development of a sea surface temperature (SST) analysis for the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Version-5 atmospheric data assimilation system (ADAS). Its implementation is part of the steps being taken toward the development of an integrated earth system analysis. Currently, GEOS-ADAS SST is a bulk ocean temperature (from ocean boundary conditions), and is almost identical to the skin sea surface temperature. Here we describe changes to the atmosphere-ocean interface layer of the GEOS-atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) to include near surface diurnal warming and cool-skin effects. We also added SST relevant Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) observations to the GEOS-ADAS observing system. We provide a detailed description of our analysis of these observations, along with the modifications to the interface between the GEOS atmospheric general circulation model, gridpoint statistical interpolation-based atmospheric analysis and the community radiative transfer model. Our experiments (with and without these changes) show improved assimilation of satellite radiance observations. We obtained a closer fit to withheld, in-situ buoys measuring near-surface SST. Evaluation of forecast skill scores corroborate improvements seen in the observation fits. Along with a discussion of our results, we also include directions for future work.

Simulation of a Real-Time Local Data Integration System over East-Central Florida

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Case, Jonathan

1999-01-01

The Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU) simulated a real-time configuration of a Local Data Integration System (LDIS) using data from 15-28 February 1999. The objectives were to assess the utility of a simulated real-time LDIS, evaluate and extrapolate system performance to identify the hardware necessary to run a real-time LDIS, and determine the sensitivities of LDIS. The ultimate goal for running LDIS is to generate analysis products that enhance short-range (less than 6 h) weather forecasts issued in support of the 45th Weather Squadron, Spaceflight Meteorology Group, and Melbourne National Weather Service operational requirements. The simulation used the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) Data Analysis System (ADAS) software on an IBM RS/6000 workstation with a 67-MHz processor. This configuration ran in real-time, but not sufficiently fast for operational requirements. Thus, the AMU recommends a workstation with a 200-MHz processor and 512 megabytes of memory to run the AMU's configuration of LDIS in real-time. This report presents results from two case studies and several data sensitivity experiments. ADAS demonstrates utility through its ability to depict high-resolution cloud and wind features in a variety of weather situations. The sensitivity experiments illustrate the influence of disparate data on the resulting ADAS analyses.

Hyperbilirubinemia and rapid fatal hepatic failure in severe combined immunodeficiency caused by adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA-SCID).

PubMed

Kühl, J S; Schwarz, K; Münch, A; Schmugge, M; Pekrun, A; Meisel, C; Wahn, V; Ebell, W; von Bernuth, H

2011-03-01

Adenosin deaminase (ADA) deficiency is the cause for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) in about 15% of patients with SCID, often presenting as T (-)B (-)NK (-)SCID. Treatment options for ADA-SCID are enzyme replacement, bone marrow transplantation or gene therapy. We here describe the first patient with ADA-SCID and fatal hepatic failure despite bone marrow transplantation from a 10/10 HLA identical related donor. As patients with ADA-SCID may be at yet underestimated increased risk for rapid hepatic failure we speculate whether hepatitis in ADA-SCID should lead to the immediate treatment with enzyme replacement by pegylated ADA. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

[Quasi-adaptive response to alkylating agents in Escherichia coli and Ada-protein functions].

PubMed

Vasil'eva, S V; Moshkovskaia, E Iu; Terekhov, A S; Mikoian, V D; Vanin, A F

2008-01-01

In 2005 we have described in exponentially growing E. coli cells a new fundamental genetic phenomenon,--quasi-adaptive response to alkylating compounds (quasi-Ada). Phenotypic expression of quasi-Ada is similar to the true Ada response. However, in contrast to the letter, it develops in the course of pretreatment of the cells by a sublethal dose of nonalkylating agent, an NO-containing dinitrosyl iron complex with glutathione (DNICglu). To reveal the mechanisms of quasi-adaptation and its association with the function of the Ada regulatory protein, here we used a unique property of dual gene expression regulation of aidB1 gene, a part of the Ada-regulon, namely its relative independence from Ada protein in anaerobic conditions. Based on the results of aidB1 gene expression analysis an EPR spectra of E. coli MV2176 cells (aidB1::lacZ) in aerobic and anaerobic conditions after the corresponding treatments, we conclude that the function and the spatial structure of meAda and [(Cys-)2Fe+(NO+)2]Ada are identical and thus the nitrosylated protein represents a regulator of the Ada regulon gene expression during quasi-adaptation development.

Clinical and prognostic role of annexin A2 in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma.

PubMed

Wang, Yuelong; Deng, Jiaojiao; Guo, Gang; Tong, Aiping; Peng, Xirui; Chen, Haifeng; Xu, Jianguo; Liu, Yi; You, Chao; Zhou, Liangxue

2017-01-01

Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a highly conserved Ca2 + -regulated membrane binding protein, which affects cell mobility and tumor progression. Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (AdaCP) are a kind of epithelial tumors of the sellar region with high tendency to recur. Robust biomarkers are required to predict tumor behavior and to establish follow-up individualized treatment approaches. In this study, we firstly compared four surgical AdaCP samples with normal brain by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) proteomic analysis. Potential prognostic biomarkers were further validated in a large cohort of 65 AdaCPs by immunohistochemistry. The effects of AnxA2 on AdaCP cells proliferation and migration were analyzed in vitro with isolated primary AdaCP cells as well as SV40T-immortalized cells. Finally, the gefitinib sensitivity of AdaCPs with differentially expressed AnxA2 and the potential molecular mechanisms were examined by flow cytometric analysis, Real-time PCR and immunoblot assays. Proteomic analysis indicated that AnxA2 was the protein spot with the most elevated expression in AdaCP samples. Immunohistochemistry assays indicated the expression level of AnxA2 was significantly higher in recurrent AdaCPs compared with primary ones. Moreover, AnxA2 + AdaCP cells exhibited enhanced proliferation and migration ability compared with AnxA2 - AdaCP cells in vitro. Further, we show that AnxA2 + AdaCP cells exhibited elevated expression of EGFR and downstream p-AKT (S308) and p-AKT (S473), and were more sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. Our data suggest that AnxA2 may serve as a promising biomarker for AdaCP progression, recurrence and drug susceptibility. Our data support potential clinical implications for the follow-up treatment of AdaCP patients with high AnxA2 expression.

Continental-scale relationship between bankfull width and drainage area for single-thread alluvial channels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wilkerson, Gregory V.; Kandel, Dinesh R.; Perg, Lesley A.; Dietrich, William E.; Wilcock, Peter R.; Whiles, Matt R.

2014-02-01

We explore the bankfull width (Wbf) versus drainage area (Ada) relationship across a range of climatic and geologic environments and ask (1) is the relationship between ln(Wbf) and ln(Ada) best described by a linear function and (2) can a reliable relationship be developed for predicting Wbf with Ada as the only independent variable. The principal data set for this study was compiled from regional curve studies and other reports that represent 1018 sites (1 m ≤ Wbf ≤ 110 m and 0.50 km2 ≤ Ada ≤ 22,000 km2) in the continental United States. Two additional data sets were used for validation. After dividing the data into small, medium, and large-size basins which, respectfully, correspond to Ada < 4.95 km2, 4.95 km2 ≤ Ada < 337 km2, and Ada ≥ 337 km2, regression lines from each data set were compared using one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). A second ANCOVA was performed to determine if mean annual precipitation (P) is an extraneous factor in the Wbf versus Ada relationship. The ANCOVA results reveal that using Ada alone does not yield a reliable Wbf versus Ada relationship that is applicable across a wide range of environments and that P is a significant extraneous factor in the relationship. Considering data for very small basins (Ada ≤ 0.49 km2) and very large basins (Ada ≥ 1.0 × 105 km2) we conclude that a two-segment linear model is the most probable form of the ln(Wbf) versus ln(Ada) relationship. This study provides useful information for building complex multivariate models for predicting Wbf.

Fate of inhaled azodicarbonamide in rats

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mewhinney, J.A.; Ayres, P.H.; Bechtold, W.E.

Azodicarbonamide (ADA) is widely used as a blowing agent in the manufacture of expanded foam plastics, as an aging and bleaching agent in flour, and as a bread dough conditioner. Human exposures have been reported during manufacture as well as during use. Groups of male F344/N rats were administered ADA by gavage, by intratracheal instillation, and by inhalation exposure to determine the disposition and modes of excretion of ADA and its metabolites. At 72 hr following gavage, 30% of the administered ADA was absorbed whereas following intratracheal instillation, absorption was 90%. Comparison between groups of rats exposed by inhalation tomore » ADA to achieve body burdens of 24 or 1230 micrograms showed no significant differences in modes or rates of excretion of (/sup 14/C)ADA equivalents. ADA was readily converted to biurea under physiological conditions and biurea was the only /sup 14/C-labeled compound present in excreta. (/sup 14/C)ADA equivalents were present in all examined tissues immediately after inhalation exposure, and clearance half-times on the order of 1 day were evident for all tissues investigated. Storage depots for (/sup 14/C)ADA equivalents were not observed. The rate of buildup of (/sup 14/C)ADA equivalents in blood was linearly related to the lung content as measured from rats withdrawn at selected times during a 6-hr inhalation exposure at an aerosol concentration of 25 micrograms ADA/liter. In a study extending 102 days after exposure, retention of (/sup 14/C)ADA equivalents in tissues was described by a two-component negative exponential function. The results from this study indicate that upon inhalation, ADA is rapidly converted to biurea and that biurea is then eliminated rapidly from all tissues with the majority of the elimination via the urine.« less

ADAS Update and Maintainability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Watson, Leela R.

2010-01-01

Since 2000, both the National Weather Service Melbourne (NWS MLB) and the Spaceflight Meteorology Group (SMG) have used a local data integration system (LOIS) as part of their forecast and warning operations. The original LOIS was developed by the Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU) in 1998 (Manobianco and Case 1998) and has undergone subsequent improvements. Each has benefited from three-dimensional (3-D) analyses that are delivered to forecasters every 15 minutes across the peninsula of Florida. The intent is to generate products that enhance short-range weather forecasts issued in support of NWS MLB and SMG operational requirements within East Central Florida. The current LDIS uses the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) Data Analysis System (AD AS) package as its core, which integrates a wide variety of national, regional, and local observational data sets. It assimilates all available real-time data within its domain and is run at a finer spatial and temporal resolution than current national or regional-scale analysis packages. As such, it provides local forecasters with a more comprehensive understanding of evolving fine-scale weather features. Over the years, the LDIS has become problematic to maintain since it depends on AMU-developed shell scripts that were written for an earlier version of the ADAS software. The goals of this task were to update the NWS MLB/SMG LDIS with the latest version of ADAS, incorporate new sources of observational data, and upgrade and modify the AMU-developed shell scripts written to govern the system. In addition, the previously developed ADAS graphical user interface (GUI) was updated. Operationally, these upgrades will result in more accurate depictions of the current local environment to help with short-range weather forecasting applications, while also offering an improved initialization for local versions of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model used by both groups.

A novel Multi-Agent Ada-Boost algorithm for predicting protein structural class with the information of protein secondary structure.

PubMed

Fan, Ming; Zheng, Bin; Li, Lihua

2015-10-01

Knowledge of the structural class of a given protein is important for understanding its folding patterns. Although a lot of efforts have been made, it still remains a challenging problem for prediction of protein structural class solely from protein sequences. The feature extraction and classification of proteins are the main problems in prediction. In this research, we extended our earlier work regarding these two aspects. In protein feature extraction, we proposed a scheme by calculating the word frequency and word position from sequences of amino acid, reduced amino acid, and secondary structure. For an accurate classification of the structural class of protein, we developed a novel Multi-Agent Ada-Boost (MA-Ada) method by integrating the features of Multi-Agent system into Ada-Boost algorithm. Extensive experiments were taken to test and compare the proposed method using four benchmark datasets in low homology. The results showed classification accuracies of 88.5%, 96.0%, 88.4%, and 85.5%, respectively, which are much better compared with the existing methods. The source code and dataset are available on request.

An Evaluation of an Ada Implementation of the Rete Algorithm for Embedded Flight Processors

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-12-01

computers was desired. The VAX VMS operating system has many built-in methods for determining program performance (including VAX PCA), but these methods... overviev , of the target environment-- the MIL-STD-1750A VHSIC Avionic Modular Processor ( VA.IP, running under the Ada Avionics Real-Time Software (AARTS... computers . Mil-STD-1750A, the Air Force’s standard flight computer architecture, however, places severe constraints on applications software processing

Common Ada Missile Packages. Phase 2. (CAMP-2). Volume 2. 11th Missile Demonstration

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-11-01

report describes the work performed, Ihe results obtained, and the conclusions reached during the Common Ada Missile Packages Phase-2 (CAMP-2) contract ... contract was performed between Sep- tember 1985. and March 1988. The MDAC-STL CAMP program manager was: Dr. Daniel G. McNicholl Technology Branch...j DEC Code Management System X X Software Development Files x x Development Status Database x ! X i Smart Cade Counter X j

Ada Software Design Methods Formulation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-10-01

aside for one-to-one, non -judgemental discussions between SofTech and the design teams. SofTech’s role in the meetings was to address any Ada-specific...assurance 1.0 prepare version audits 1.0 monitoring contracts 1.0 library control 1.0 other development 1.0 correspondence 1.0 conduct support design ...quality assurance 2.0 Control Board update training manuals 2.0 participation 2.5 being trained 2.0 formulation of policy 2.5 functional system design

Driving into the future: how imaging technology is shaping the future of cars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Buyue

2015-03-01

Fueled by the development of advanced driver assistance system (ADAS), autonomous vehicles, and the proliferation of cameras and sensors, automotive is becoming a rich new domain for innovations in imaging technology. This paper presents an overview of ADAS, the important imaging and computer vision problems to solve for automotive, and examples of how some of these problems are solved, through which we highlight the challenges and opportunities in the automotive imaging space.

ADA Implementation Issues as Discovered through a Literature Survey of Applications Outside the United States

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-03-01

compile time, ensuring that operations conducted are appropriate for the object type. Each implementation requires a database known as the program...Finnish bank being developed by Nokia • Oil drilling control system managed by Sedco- Forex * Vigile - an industrial installation supervisor project by...user interface and Oracle database backend control. The software is being developed in Ada under DOD-STD-2167 under OS/2. BELGIUM BATS S.A. Project title

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Harris Corporation, Harris Ada Compiler, Version 4.0, Harris HCX-9 (Host) and (Target), 880603W1.09059

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-06

TYPE Of REPORT & PERIOD COVERED Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report : Harris 6 June 1988 to 6 June 1988 Corporation, Harris Ada Compiler, Version...4.0, Harris 1 PERFORINGDRG REPORT NUMBER HCX-9 (Host) and (Target), 880603W1.09059 7. AUTHOR(s) S. CONTRACT OR 6RANT NUMBER(s) Wright-Patterson AFB...88-03-02-HAR Ada COMPILER VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT : Certificate Number: 880603WI.09059 A Harris Corporation AccessionFor Harris Ada Compiler, Version

ADA Deficiency: Evaluation of the Clinical and Laboratory Features and the Outcome.

PubMed

Cagdas, Deniz; Gur Cetinkaya, Pınar; Karaatmaca, Betül; Esenboga, Saliha; Tan, Cagman; Yılmaz, Togay; Gümüş, Ersin; Barış, Safa; Kuşkonmaz, Barış; Ozgur, Tuba Turul; Bali, Pawan; Santisteban, Ines; Orhan, Diclehan; Yüce, Aysel; Cetinkaya, Duygu; Boztug, Kaan; Hershfield, Michael; Sanal, Ozden; Tezcan, İlhan

2018-05-09

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency. It results in the intracellular accumulation of toxic metabolites which have effects particularly on lymphocytes and the brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of 13 ADA-deficient patients. We planned to evaluate their clinical and laboratory findings before and after enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT), and hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy (HSCGT). Measurement of ADA enzyme activity and metabolites and sequencing of the ADA gene were performed in most of the patients with ADA deficiency. One of the patients with late-onset ADA deficiency was diagnosed by the help of primary immunodeficiency panel screening. Ten out of 13 patients were diagnosed as SCID, while 3 out of 13 were diagnosed as delayed-/late-onset ADA deficiency. Late-onset ADA deficiency patients had clinical and laboratory findings of combined immunodeficiency (CID). Eight patients with ADA-SCID were found to have higher levels of ADA metabolite (dAXP%) (62.1% (34.6-71.9)) than 3 patients with delayed-/late-onset ADA deficiency (6.9% (2.1-8.9). All but one patient with SCID had T-B-NK- phenotype, one had T-B-NK+ phenotype. Genetic defect was documented in 11 patients. Four out of 11 patients had compound heterozygous defects. Three out of 4 patients with compound heterozygous defects had delayed-onset/late-onset ADA deficiency. Seven out of 11 patients with SCID had homozygous defects. Five out of 7 had the same homozygous indel frameshift mutation (c.955-959delGAAGA) showing a founder effect. There were two novel splice site defects: one (IVS10+2T>C) was heterozygous in a patient with late-onset ADA deficiency, and the other was homozygous (IVS2delT+2) in a SCID patient. Other defects were missense defects. Nine out of 13 patients were put on pegylated ADA ERT. Four out of six patients were transplanted without using a conditioning regimen. HSCGT was performed to one of the patients. The genetic diagnosis of SCID is utmost important. There is a chance to give ERT before the definitive therapy if the patient with SCID/CID has ADA deficiency. Although ERT was insufficient to restore a normal immune function in ADA-SCID patients, it was useful to improve and stabilize the clinical status before curative therapy (aHSCT/HSCGT). Enzyme replacement therapy was successful in patients with late-/delayed-onset ADA deficiency who presented with the features of combined immunodeficiency. Gastrointestinal polyposis in a patient with late-onset ADA deficiency may be an association or a coincidental finding. Intermittent neurodevelopmental evaluation especially for hearing impairment should be performed in most of the ADA-deficient patients. This may alleviate the speech delay and cognitive abnormalities which may be observed in the follow-up.

First International Conference on Ada (R) Programming Language Applications for the NASA Space Station, volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bown, Rodney L. (Editor)

1986-01-01

Topics discussed include: test and verification; environment issues; distributed Ada issues; life cycle issues; Ada in Europe; management/training issues; common Ada interface set; and run time issues.

Regulation of epithelial and lymphocyte cell adhesion by adenosine deaminase-CD26 interaction.

PubMed Central

Ginés, Silvia; Mariño, Marta; Mallol, Josefa; Canela, Enric I; Morimoto, Chikao; Callebaut, Christian; Hovanessian, Ara; Casadó, Vicent; Lluis, Carmen; Franco, Rafael

2002-01-01

The extra-enzymic function of cell-surface adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme mainly localized in the cytosol but also found on the cell surface of monocytes, B cells and T cells, has lately been the subject of numerous studies. Cell-surface ADA is able to transduce co-stimulatory signals in T cells via its interaction with CD26, an integral membrane protein that acts as ADA-binding protein. The aim of the present study was to explore whether ADA-CD26 interaction plays a role in the adhesion of lymphocyte cells to human epithelial cells. To meet this aim, different lymphocyte cell lines (Jurkat and CEM T) expressing endogenous, or overexpressing human, CD26 protein were tested in adhesion assays to monolayers of colon adenocarcinoma human epithelial cells, Caco-2, which express high levels of cell-surface ADA. Interestingly, the adhesion of Jurkat and CEM T cells to a monolayer of Caco-2 cells was greatly dependent on CD26. An increase by 50% in the cell-to-cell adhesion was found in cells containing higher levels of CD26. Incubation with an anti-CD26 antibody raised against the ADA-binding site or with exogenous ADA resulted in a significant reduction (50-70%) of T-cell adhesion to monolayers of epithelial cells. The role of ADA-CD26 interaction in the lymphocyte-epithelial cell adhesion appears to be mediated by CD26 molecules that are not interacting with endogenous ADA (ADA-free CD26), since SKW6.4 (B cells) that express more cell-surface ADA showed lower adhesion than T cells. Adhesion stimulated by CD26 and ADA is mediated by T cell lymphocyte function-associated antigen. A role for ADA-CD26 interaction in cell-to-cell adhesion was confirmed further in integrin activation assays. FACS analysis revealed a higher expression of activated integrins on T cell lines in the presence of increasing amounts of exogenous ADA. Taken together, these results suggest that the ADA-CD26 interaction on the cell surface has a role in lymphocyte-epithelial cell adhesion. PMID:11772392

A systematic study of the effect of low pH acid treatment on anti-drug antibodies specific for a domain antibody therapeutic: Impact on drug tolerance, assay sensitivity and post-validation method assessment of ADA in clinical serum samples.

PubMed

Kavita, Uma; Duo, Jia; Crawford, Sean M; Liu, Rong; Valcin, Joan; Gleason, Carol; Dong, Huijin; Gadkari, Snaehal; Dodge, Robert W; Pillutla, Renuka C; DeSilva, Binodh S

2017-09-01

We developed a homogeneous bridging anti-drug antibody (ADA) assay on an electro chemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA) platform to support the immunogenicity evaluation of a dimeric domain antibody (dAb) therapeutic in clinical studies. During method development we evaluated the impact of different types of acid at various pH levels on polyclonal and monoclonal ADA controls of differing affinities and on/off rates. The data shows for the first time that acids of different pH can have a differential effect on ADA of various affinities and this in turn impacts assay sensitivity and drug tolerance as defined by these surrogate controls. Acid treatment led to a reduction in signal of intermediate and low affinity ADA, but not high affinity or polyclonal ADA. We also found that acid pretreatment is a requisite for dissociation of drug bound high affinity ADA, but not for low affinity ADA-drug complexes. Although we were unable to identify an acid that would allow a 100% retrieval of ADA signal post-treatment, use of glycine pH3.0 enabled the detection of low, intermediate and high affinity antibodies (Abs) to various extents. Following optimization, the ADA assay method was validated for clinical sample analysis. Consistencies within various parameters of the clinical data such as dose dependent increases in ADA rates and titers were observed, indicating a reliable ADA method. Pre- and post-treatment ADA negative or positive clinical samples without detectable drug were reanalyzed in the absence of acid treatment or presence of added exogenous drug respectively to further assess the effectiveness of the final acid treatment procedure. The overall ADA results indicate that assay conditions developed and validated based on surrogate controls sufficed to provide a reliable clinical data set. The effect of low pH acid treatment on possible pre-existing ADA or soluble multimeric target in normal human serum was also evaluated, and preliminary data indicate that acid type and pH also affect drug-specific signal differentially in individual samples. The results presented here represent the most extensive analyses to date on acid treatment of a wide range of ADA affinities to explore sensitivity and drug tolerance issues. They have led to a refinement of our current best practices for ADA method development and provide a depth of data to interrogate low pH mediated immune complex dissociation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Structuring the formal definition of Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hansen, Kurt W.

1986-01-01

The structure of the formal definition of Ada are described. At present, a difficult subset of Ada has been defined and the experience gained so far by this work is reported. Currently, the work continues towards the formal definition of the Ada language.

The Impact of Ada and Object-Oriented Design in NASA Goddard's Flight Dynamics Division

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Waligora, Sharon; Bailey, John; Stark, Mike

1996-01-01

This paper presents the highlights and key findings of 10 years of use and study of Ada and object-oriented design in NASA Goddard's Flight Dynamics Division (FDD). In 1985, the Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL) began investigating how the Ada language might apply to FDD software development projects. Although they began cautiously using Ada on only a few pilot projects, they expected that, if the Ada pilots showed promising results, the FDD would fully transition its entire development organization from FORTRAN to Ada within 10 years. However, 10 years later, the FDD still produced 80 percent of its software in FORTRAN and had begun using C and C++, despite positive results on Ada projects. This paper presents the final results of a SEL study to quantify the impact of Ada in the FDD, to determine why Ada has not flourished, and to recommend future directions regarding Ada. Project trends in both languages are examined as are external factors and cultural issues that affected the infusion of this technology. The detailed results of this study were published in a formal study report in March of 1995. This paper supersedes the preliminary results of this study that were presented at the Eighteenth Annual Software Engineering Workshop in 1993.

Clinical practice of analysis of anti-drug antibodies against interferon beta and natalizumab in multiple sclerosis patients in Europe: A descriptive study of test results

PubMed Central

Auer, Michael; Ryner, Malin; Hässler, Signe; Bachelet, Delphine; Mbogning, Cyprien; Warnke, Clemens; Buck, Dorothea; Hyldgaard Jensen, Poul Erik; Sievers, Claudia; Ingenhoven, Kathleen; Fissolo, Nicolas; Lindberg, Raija; Grummel, Verena; Donnellan, Naoimh; Comabella, Manuel; Montalban, Xavier; Kieseier, Bernd; Soelberg Sørensen, Per; Hartung, Hans-Peter; Derfuss, Tobias; Lawton, Andy; Sikkema, Dan; Pallardy, Marc; Hemmer, Bernhard; Deisenhammer, Florian; Broët, Philippe; Dönnes, Pierre; Davidson, Julie; Fogdell-Hahn, Anna

2017-01-01

Antibodies against biopharmaceuticals (anti-drug antibodies, ADA) have been a well-integrated part of the clinical care of multiple sclerosis (MS) in several European countries. ADA data generated in Europe during the more than 10 years of ADA monitoring in MS patients treated with interferon beta (IFNβ) and natalizumab have been pooled and characterized through collaboration within a European consortium. The aim of this study was to report on the clinical practice of ADA testing in Europe, considering the number of ADA tests performed and type of ADA assays used, and to determine the frequency of ADA testing against the different drug preparations in different countries. A common database platform (tranSMART) for querying, analyzing and storing retrospective data of MS cohorts was set up to harmonize the data and compare results of ADA tests between different countries. Retrospective data from six countries (Sweden, Austria, Spain, Switzerland, Germany and Denmark) on 20,695 patients and on 42,555 samples were loaded into tranSMART including data points of age, gender, treatment, samples, and ADA results. The previously observed immunogenic difference among the four IFNβ preparations was confirmed in this large dataset. Decreased usage of the more immunogenic preparations IFNβ-1a subcutaneous (s.c.) and IFNβ-1b s.c. in favor of the least immunogenic preparation IFNβ-1a intramuscular (i.m.) was observed. The median time from treatment start to first ADA test correlated with time to first positive test. Shorter times were observed for IFNβ-1b-Extavia s.c. (0.99 and 0.94 years) and natalizumab (0.25 and 0.23 years), which were introduced on the market when ADA testing was already available, as compared to IFNβ-1a i.m. (1.41 and 2.27 years), IFNβ-1b-Betaferon s.c. (2.51 and 1.96 years) and IFNβ-1a s.c. (2.11 and 2.09 years) which were available years before routine testing began. A higher rate of anti-IFNβ ADA was observed in test samples taken from older patients. Testing for ADA varies between different European countries and is highly dependent on the policy within each country. For drugs where routine monitoring of ADA is not in place, there is a risk that some patients remain on treatment for several years despite ADA positivity. For drugs where a strategy of ADA testing is introduced with the release of the drug, there is a reduced risk of having ADA positive patients and thus of less efficient treatment. This indicates that potential savings in health cost might be achieved by routine analysis of ADA. PMID:28170401

Clinical practice of analysis of anti-drug antibodies against interferon beta and natalizumab in multiple sclerosis patients in Europe: A descriptive study of test results.

PubMed

Link, Jenny; Ramanujam, Ryan; Auer, Michael; Ryner, Malin; Hässler, Signe; Bachelet, Delphine; Mbogning, Cyprien; Warnke, Clemens; Buck, Dorothea; Hyldgaard Jensen, Poul Erik; Sievers, Claudia; Ingenhoven, Kathleen; Fissolo, Nicolas; Lindberg, Raija; Grummel, Verena; Donnellan, Naoimh; Comabella, Manuel; Montalban, Xavier; Kieseier, Bernd; Soelberg Sørensen, Per; Hartung, Hans-Peter; Derfuss, Tobias; Lawton, Andy; Sikkema, Dan; Pallardy, Marc; Hemmer, Bernhard; Deisenhammer, Florian; Broët, Philippe; Dönnes, Pierre; Davidson, Julie; Fogdell-Hahn, Anna

2017-01-01

Antibodies against biopharmaceuticals (anti-drug antibodies, ADA) have been a well-integrated part of the clinical care of multiple sclerosis (MS) in several European countries. ADA data generated in Europe during the more than 10 years of ADA monitoring in MS patients treated with interferon beta (IFNβ) and natalizumab have been pooled and characterized through collaboration within a European consortium. The aim of this study was to report on the clinical practice of ADA testing in Europe, considering the number of ADA tests performed and type of ADA assays used, and to determine the frequency of ADA testing against the different drug preparations in different countries. A common database platform (tranSMART) for querying, analyzing and storing retrospective data of MS cohorts was set up to harmonize the data and compare results of ADA tests between different countries. Retrospective data from six countries (Sweden, Austria, Spain, Switzerland, Germany and Denmark) on 20,695 patients and on 42,555 samples were loaded into tranSMART including data points of age, gender, treatment, samples, and ADA results. The previously observed immunogenic difference among the four IFNβ preparations was confirmed in this large dataset. Decreased usage of the more immunogenic preparations IFNβ-1a subcutaneous (s.c.) and IFNβ-1b s.c. in favor of the least immunogenic preparation IFNβ-1a intramuscular (i.m.) was observed. The median time from treatment start to first ADA test correlated with time to first positive test. Shorter times were observed for IFNβ-1b-Extavia s.c. (0.99 and 0.94 years) and natalizumab (0.25 and 0.23 years), which were introduced on the market when ADA testing was already available, as compared to IFNβ-1a i.m. (1.41 and 2.27 years), IFNβ-1b-Betaferon s.c. (2.51 and 1.96 years) and IFNβ-1a s.c. (2.11 and 2.09 years) which were available years before routine testing began. A higher rate of anti-IFNβ ADA was observed in test samples taken from older patients. Testing for ADA varies between different European countries and is highly dependent on the policy within each country. For drugs where routine monitoring of ADA is not in place, there is a risk that some patients remain on treatment for several years despite ADA positivity. For drugs where a strategy of ADA testing is introduced with the release of the drug, there is a reduced risk of having ADA positive patients and thus of less efficient treatment. This indicates that potential savings in health cost might be achieved by routine analysis of ADA.

AdA Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 910920W1. 11211 Verdix Corporation, VADS Sun4 SunOS= 68020/30 ARTX, VAda-110-40120, Version 6.0, SPAECstation 2 (Host) to Motorola MVME147 (Target)

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-20

SunOS Release 4.1.1) Target Computer System: Motorola MVME147 (Motorola 68030 Bare Board) Customer Agreement Number: 91-07-16- VRX See section 3.1 for...AVF-VSR-504.0292 18 February 1992 91-07-1 6- VRX Ada COMPILER VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT: Certificate Number: 910920W1.11211 VERDIX Corporation VADS...SunOS Release 4.1.1) Target Computer System: Motorola MVME147 (Motorola 68030 Bare Board) Customer Agreement Number: 91-07-16- VRX See section 3.1 for

A distributed agent architecture for real-time knowledge-based systems: Real-time expert systems project, phase 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, S. Daniel

1990-01-01

We propose a distributed agent architecture (DAA) that can support a variety of paradigms based on both traditional real-time computing and artificial intelligence. DAA consists of distributed agents that are classified into two categories: reactive and cognitive. Reactive agents can be implemented directly in Ada to meet hard real-time requirements and be deployed on on-board embedded processors. A traditional real-time computing methodology under consideration is the rate monotonic theory that can guarantee schedulability based on analytical methods. AI techniques under consideration for reactive agents are approximate or anytime reasoning that can be implemented using Bayesian belief networks as in Guardian. Cognitive agents are traditional expert systems that can be implemented in ART-Ada to meet soft real-time requirements. During the initial design of cognitive agents, it is critical to consider the migration path that would allow initial deployment on ground-based workstations with eventual deployment on on-board processors. ART-Ada technology enables this migration while Lisp-based technologies make it difficult if not impossible. In addition to reactive and cognitive agents, a meta-level agent would be needed to coordinate multiple agents and to provide meta-level control.

Effect of ADA1 mother-fetus and wife-husband phenotypic differences on the ratio birth weight/placental weight in fertile women and on reproductive success in couples with RSA.

PubMed

Gloria-Bottini, Fulvia; Nicotra, Maria; Amante, Ada; Ambrosi, Sara; Cozzoli, Eliana; Saccucci, Patrizia; Bottini, Egidio; Magrini, Andrea

2012-01-01

To study the effect Adenosine Deaminase locus 1 (ADA(1)) mother-fetus and wife-husband phenotypic differences on the ratio Birth Weight/Placental Weight (BW/PW) in fertile women and on reproductive success in couples with repeated spontaneous abortion (RSA). 209 couples with primary RSA and a consecutive series of 379 healthy puerperae with their newborn infants from the White Caucasian population of central Italy were studied. In primary RSA women reproductive success was indicated by the presence of at least one live-born infant within 5 years of follow up. Two way contingency tables were analyzed by chi-square. The proportion of primary RSA couples with at least a live-born infant shows the highest value in couples mother ADA(1)1/father carrier of ADA(1)*2 allele (55.2%) and the lowest value in reciprocal couples mother carrier of ADA(1)*2 allele /father ADA(1)1 (18.7%) (O.R. = 5.33; P = 0.023). The highest ratio BW/PW is observed in the class mother ADA(1)1/newborn carrier of ADA(1)*2 allele while the lowest ratio is observed in the reciprocal class mother carrier of ADA(1)*2 allele/ newborn ADA(1)1. Differences between mother and fetus in ADA(1) phenotype may influence the ratio BW/PW in healthy women and reproductive success in RSA women. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The Role of G22 A Adenosine Deaminase 1 Gene Polymorphism and the Activities of ADA Isoenzymes in Fertile and Infertile Men.

PubMed

Fattahi, Amir; Khodadadi, Iraj; Amiri, Iraj; Latifi, Zeinab; Ghorbani, Marzieh; Tavilani, Heidar

2015-10-01

To evaluate frequency distribution of adenosine deaminase 1 (ADA1) G22 A alleles and genotypes in fertile and infertile men. In this study we evaluate frequency distribution of ADA1 G22 A alleles and genotypes in 200 fertile and 200 infertile men. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used for determining ADA1 G22 A variants. In addition, ADA isoenzymes activities (ADA1 and ADA2) were measured using colorimetric method. The frequency of GG genotype was significantly higher and GA genotype was lower in infertile males compared with fertile men (P = .048 and P = .045, respectively). However, there was not any noticeable difference in allele distribution between groups (P >.05). Based on logistic regression analysis, the GA genotype has a protective role and can decrease the risk of male infertility 1.7 times (P = .046). There were significantly higher activities of ADAT and its isoenzymes in infertile males compared with fertile men (P <.05). Also, the ADA1 activity with GG genotype was higher than GA carriers in all population (P = .001). Our results revealed that the activity of ADA isoenzymes and distribution of ADA1 G22 A genotypes were different among fertile and infertile men and more likely the GA genotype, which had lower ADA1 activity and was higher in fertile men is a protective factor against infertility. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Low incidence of anti-drug antibodies in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide.

PubMed

Milicevic, Z; Anglin, G; Harper, K; Konrad, R J; Skrivanek, Z; Glaesner, W; Karanikas, C A; Mace, K

2016-05-01

Therapeutic administration of peptides may result in anti-drug antibody (ADA) formation, hypersensitivity adverse events (AEs) and reduced efficacy. As a large peptide, the immunogenicity of once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist dulaglutide is of considerable interest. The present study assessed the incidence of treatment-emergent dulaglutide ADAs, hypersensitivity AEs, injection site reactions (ISRs), and glycaemic control in ADA-positive patients in nine phase II and phase III trials (dulaglutide, N = 4006; exenatide, N = 276; non-GLP-1 comparators, N = 1141). Treatment-emergent dulaglutide ADAs were detected using a solid-phase extraction acid dissociation binding assay. Neutralizing ADAs were detected using a cell-based assay derived from human endothelial kidney cells (HEK293). A total of 64 dulaglutide-treated patients (1.6% of the population) tested ADA-positive versus eight (0.7%) from the non-GLP-1 comparator group. Of these 64 patients, 34 (0.9%) had dulaglutide-neutralizing ADAs, 36 (0.9%) had native-sequence GLP-1 (nsGLP-1) cross-reactive ADAs and four (0.1%) had nsGLP-1 neutralization ADAs. The incidence of hypersensitivity AEs and ISRs was similar in the dulaglutide versus placebo groups. No dulaglutide ADA-positive patient reported hypersensitivity AEs. Because of the low incidence of ADAs, it was not possible to establish their effect on glycaemic control. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Catalog of Resources for Education in Ada (Trade Name) and Software Engineering (CREASE). Version 4.0.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-05-01

offering the course is a company. Name and Address of offeror: Tachyon Corporation 2725 Congress Street Suite 2H San Diego, CA 92110 Offeror’s...Background: Tachyon Corporation specializes in Ada software quality assurance, computer hosted instruction and information retrieval systems, authoring tools...easy to use (on-line help) and can look up or search for terms. Tachyon Corporation 20 CDURSE OFFERINGS 2.2. Lecture/Seminar Courses 2.2.1. Company

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 910517W1.11155, Verdix Corporation, VADS UNIX System V/486, SCO UNIX 3.2, VAda-110-3232, Version 6.0, Zenith Z-486/25E (SCO UNIX i386 Release 3.2)

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-10-15

Host Customer Agreement Number: 91-03-18- VRX See Section 3.1 for any additional information about the testing environment. As a result of this validation...Department of Defense Washington DC 20301 AVF Control Number: AVF-VSR-470-0491 15-October-1991 91-03-18- VRx Ada COMPILER VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 901129W1. 11096 Verdix Corporation, VADS Sequent Balance DYNIX 3.0, VAda-110-2323, Version 6.0, Sequent Balance 8000, DYNIX Version 3.0 (Host & Target).

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-08-01

90-09-25- VRX Ada COMPILER VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT: Certificate Number: 901129W1.11096 Verdix Corporation VADS Sequent Balance DYNIX 3.0, VAda-1lO...8000, DYNIX Version 3.0 Target Computer System: Sequent Balance 8000, DYNIX Version 3.0 Customer Agreement Number: 90-09-25- VRX See Section 3.1 for any

Continuation of research into language concepts for the mission support environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

A concept for a more intuitive and graphically based Computation (Comp) Builder was developed. The Graphical Comp Builder Prototype was developed, which is an X Window based graphical tool that allows the user to build Comps using graphical symbols. Investigation was conducted to determine the availability and suitability of the Ada programming language for the development of future control center type software. The Space Station Freedom Project identified Ada as the desirable programming language for the development of Space Station Control Center software systems.

Configuration management plan. System definition and project development. Repository Based Software Engineering (RBSE) program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mckay, Charles

1991-01-01

This is the configuration management Plan for the AdaNet Repository Based Software Engineering (RBSE) contract. This document establishes the requirements and activities needed to ensure that the products developed for the AdaNet RBSE contract are accurately identified, that proposed changes to the product are systematically evaluated and controlled, that the status of all change activity is known at all times, and that the product achieves its functional performance requirements and is accurately documented.

An Ada Based Expert System for the Ada Version of SAtool II. Volume 1 and 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-06-06

Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) (20). In fact, IDEF 0 stands for ICAM Definition Method Zero . IDEF0 defines a subset of SA that omits...reasoning that has been programmed). An expert’s knowledge is specific to one problem domain as opposed to knowledge about general problem-solving...techniques. General problem domains are medicine, finance, science or engineering and so forth in which an expert can solve specific problems very well

KAPSE (Kernel ADA Programming Support Environment) Interface Team Public Report. Volume 5.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-08-01

Computer Nons , April 1964. e The K Ma policy statent mde the Language Control Fcility Newsletter for the Ada Jovial Wmkng Group. e There will be a CRIS...cre-ed, the initial access control inA-mIion my be splied by the ACCSS parmeter. If non -nll, this parumter speci fi the initia access tolicontr olti...assigned, or controlled by the operating system to &,.sure consistent and non -conflicting usage by programs under execution. Examples of resources

Ada (Trade Name) Compiler Validation Summary Report. OASYS, OASYS VADS Ada Compiler, Version 1.7 InterPro 32 (NSC 32000).

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-06-19

C148008A CA3005A throueh CA3005D (14 tests) 85120011 C14A015A CE2107E BC32014C C92005A C35904A C940OACA See Appendix D for the eat descriptions. 3.5...constant NAME :a ipro sysv; STORAGE UNIT : constant :a 8; MEMORY SIZE c onstant :a 16 77 14; - System-Dependent Named N- ubers MIN INT : constant : -2

Q14 - Standards Development Plan, Ada Interfaces to X Window System, Analysis and Recommendations

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-20

portability and reusability. -, . /- , ... ’ 4t. I-,: 2 Introduction Two major thrusts of the STARS program, and industry as a whole, are application...and IEEE, and in industry consortiums to show the directions X is taking and the opportunities for Ada to utilize this work. X is not the only window...and actually prohibit portability, but to avoid this the X developers formed the X Consortium, consisting of industry and academic members, who define

High Level Synthesis in ASP

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-08-19

Thus in and g (X, Y) A and X share one element, and B and Y share another. Assigning a value to A (via its storage element) also assigns that value to X...functionality as well as generate it. i4 29 References [Ada] ’ADA as a Hardware Description Language: An Initial Report’ M.R. Bar- bacci, S. Grout, G ...1985; pp. 303-320. (Expert] ’An Expert-System Paradigm for Design’ Forrest D. Brewer, Daniel D. Gajski ; 23rd Design Automation Conference, 1986; pp

Maternal T-cell engraftment impedes with diagnosis of a SCID-ADA patient.

PubMed

Lanfranchi, Arnalda; Lougaris, Vassilios; Notarangelo, Lucia Dora; Soncini, Elena; Comini, Marta; Beghin, Alessandra; Bolda, Federica; Montanelli, Alessandro; Imberti, Luisa; Porta, Fulvio

2018-02-02

We describe the case of a child affected by severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency showing a maternal T-cell engraftment, a finding that has never been reported before. The presence of engrafted maternal T cells was misleading. Although ADA enzymatic levels were suggestive of ADA-SCID, the child did not present the classical signs of ADA deficiency; therefore, the initial diagnosis was of a conventional SCID. However, ADA toxic metabolites and molecular characterization confirmed this diagnosis. Polyethylene glycol-modified bovine (PEG) ADA therapy progressively decreased the number of maternal engrafted T cells. The child was grafted with full bone marrow from a matched unrelated donor, after a reduced conditioning regimen, and the result was the complete immunological reconstitution. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Adenosine Deaminase (ADA)-Deficient Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID): Molecular Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations.

PubMed

Bradford, Kathryn L; Moretti, Federico A; Carbonaro-Sarracino, Denise A; Gaspar, Hubert B; Kohn, Donald B

2017-10-01

Deficiency of adenosine deaminase (ADA, EC3.5.4.4), a housekeeping enzyme of purine metabolism encoded by the Ada gene, is a cause of human severe combined immune deficiency (SCID). Numerous deleterious mutations occurring in the ADA gene have been found in patients with profound lymphopenia (T - B - NK - ), thus underscoring the importance of functional purine metabolism for the development of the immune defense. While untreated ADA SCID is a fatal disorder, there are multiple life-saving therapeutic modalities to restore ADA activity and reconstitute protective immunity, including enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and gene therapy (GT) with autologous gene-corrected hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). We review the pathogenic mechanisms and clinical manifestations of ADA SCID.

Restoring balance to B cells in ADA deficiency.

PubMed

Luning Prak, Eline T

2012-06-01

It is paradoxical that immunodeficiency disorders are associated with autoimmunity. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, a cause of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), is a case in point. In this issue of the JCI, Sauer and colleagues investigate the B cell defects in ADA-deficient patients. They demonstrate that ADA patients receiving enzyme replacement therapy had B cell tolerance checkpoint defects. Remarkably, gene therapy with a retrovirus that expresses ADA resulted in the apparent correction of these defects, with normalization of peripheral B cell autoantibody frequencies. In vitro, agents that either block ADA or overexpress adenosine resulted in altered B cell receptor and TLR signaling. Collectively, these data implicate a B cell-intrinsic mechanism for alterations in B cell tolerance in the setting of partial ADA deficiency that is corrected by gene therapy.

Evaluation of the immunogenicity of the dabigatran reversal agent idarucizumab during Phase I studies

PubMed Central

Norris, Stephen; Ramael, Steven; Ikushima, Ippei; Haazen, Wouter; Harada, Akiko; Moschetti, Viktoria; Imazu, Susumu; Reilly, Paul A.; Lang, Benjamin; Stangier, Joachim

2017-01-01

Aims Idarucizumab, a humanized monoclonal anti‐dabigatran antibody fragment, is effective in emergency reversal of dabigatran anticoagulation. Pre‐existing and treatment‐emergent anti‐idarucizumab antibodies (antidrug antibodies; ADA) may affect the safety and efficacy of idarucizumab. This analysis characterized the pre‐existing and treatment‐emergent ADA and assessed their impact on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of idarucizumab. Methods Data were pooled from three Phase I, randomized, double‐blind idarucizumab studies in healthy Caucasian subjects; elderly, renally impaired subjects; and healthy Japanese subjects. In plasma sampled before and after idarucizumab dosing, ADA were detected and titrated using a validated electrochemiluminescence method. ADA epitope specificities were examined using idarucizumab and two structurally related molecules. Idarucizumab PK/PD data were compared for subjects with and without pre‐existing ADA. Results Pre‐existing ADA were found in 33 out of 283 individuals (11.7%), seven of whom had intermittent ADA. Titres of pre‐existing and treatment‐emergent ADA were low, estimated equivalent to <0.3% of circulating idarucizumab after a 5 g dose. Pre‐existing ADA had no impact on dose‐normalized idarucizumab maximum plasma levels and exposure and, although data were limited, no impact on the reversal of dabigatran‐induced anticoagulation by idarucizumab. Treatment‐emergent ADA were detected in 20 individuals (19 out of 224 treated [8.5%]; 1 out of 59 received placebo [1.7%]) and were transient in ten. The majority had specificity primarily toward the C‐terminus of idarucizumab. There were no adverse events indicative of immunogenic reactions. Conclusion Pre‐existing and treatment‐emergent ADA were present at extremely low levels relative to the idarucizumab dosage under evaluation. The PK/PD of idarucizumab appeared to be unaffected by the presence of pre‐existing ADA. PMID:28230262

Endoscopic Cyanoacrylate Injection with Post-injection Audible Doppler Assessment of Gastric Varices: A Single-Institution Experience.

PubMed

Catron, Tom D; Smallfield, George B; Kang, Le; Sterling, Richard K; Siddiqui, Mohammad S

2017-11-01

Gastric varices (GV) have higher rates of morbidity and mortality from hemorrhage than esophageal varices. Several studies have shown the safety and efficacy of cyanoacrylate (CA) injection for acute gastric variceal hemorrhage. We report data from our experience with CA injection for GV before and after routine use of post-injection audible Doppler assessment (ADA) for GV obturation and describe long-term outcomes after this therapy. We retrospectively identified patients who had documented GV, underwent CA injection, and had at least 2 weeks of follow-up. We recorded and analyzed the survival and rebleeding rates with patient demographics, clinical data, and endoscopy findings between two groups of patients who were categorized by CA injection prior to and after inception of the ADA technique. Seventy-one patients were identified with 16 patients analyzed in a group where ADA was not used (Pre-ADA) and 55 analyzed where ADA was used (Post-ADA). No rebleeding events were observed within 1 week of initial CA injection. No embolic events were reported after any initial CA injection within 4 weeks. The rate of bleed-free survival at 1 year was 69.6% in the Pre-ADA group and 85.8% in the Post-ADA without statistical significance. The all-cause 1-year mortality was 13.8% in the Pre-ADA group and 10.7% in the Post-ADA group without statistical significance. ADA of CA-injected GV does not appear to significantly affect adverse events or clinical outcomes; however, our findings are limited by small sample size and cohort proportions allowing for significant type II statistical error. Further prospective investigation is required to determine the impact of ADA on clinical outcomes after GV obturation.

ADA Watch--Year One: A Report to the President and the Congress on Progress in Implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kramer (Ralph G.) & Associates.

The ADA Watch was established in 1991 to monitor implementation of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). The ADA Watch covers all titles of the law, all regions of the country, and all sectors of the economy. This report summarizes major ADA Watch findings and recommendations from a study conducted from October 1991 to November 1992.…

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 940325S1. 11341 DDC-I, DACS Sun SPARC/SunOS to 80186 Bare Ada Cross Compiler System, Version 4.6.4 Sun SPARCstation IPX = Intel iSBC 186/100 (Bare Machine)

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-03-25

declarations requiring more digits than SYSTEM.MAXDIGITS: C24113L..Y (14 tests) C35705L..Y (14 tests) C35706L..Y (14 tests) C35707L..Y (14 tests) 2-1...before the DACS Run-Time System (RMs) libary normally searches for na-4ime routin;, in this way one can replace the standard DACS RTS routines with...SHORTINTEGER is range -128 .. 127; type INTEGER is range -32_768 .. 32_767; type LONGINTEGER is range -2147_483_648 .. 2_147_483_647; type FLOAT is digits 6

Lessons learned in creating spacecraft computer systems: Implications for using Ada (R) for the space station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tomayko, James E.

1986-01-01

Twenty-five years of spacecraft onboard computer development have resulted in a better understanding of the requirements for effective, efficient, and fault tolerant flight computer systems. Lessons from eight flight programs (Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, Shuttle, Mariner, Voyager, and Galileo) and three reserach programs (digital fly-by-wire, STAR, and the Unified Data System) are useful in projecting the computer hardware configuration of the Space Station and the ways in which the Ada programming language will enhance the development of the necessary software. The evolution of hardware technology, fault protection methods, and software architectures used in space flight in order to provide insight into the pending development of such items for the Space Station are reviewed.

Ah!Help: A generalized on-line help facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yu, Wong Nai; Mantooth, Charmiane; Soulahakil, Alex

1986-01-01

The idea behind the help facility discussed is relatively simple. It is made unique by the fact that it is written in Ada and uses aspects of the language which make information retrieval rapid and simple. Specifically, the DIRECT IO facility allows for random access into the help files. It is necessary to discuss the advantages of random access over sequential access. The mere fact that the program in written in Ada implies a saving in terms of lines of code. This introduces the possibility of eventually adapting the program to run at the microcomputer level, a major consideration . Additionally, since the program uses only standard Ada generics, it is portable to other systems. This is another aspect which must always be taken into consideration in writting any software package in the modern day world of computer programming.

75 FR 79799 - Regulatory Agenda

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-20

... the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). Those regulations include the ADA Standards for... are consistent with the ADA Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) published by the U.S. Architectural and... ADA Standards, the Department is reviewing its title III regulations and expects to propose, in one or...

75 FR 21819 - Regulatory Agenda

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-26

... of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). Those regulations include the ADA Standards for... are consistent with the ADA Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) published by the U.S. Architectural and... ADA Standards, the Department is reviewing its title III regulations and expects to propose, in one or...

A proposed classification scheme for Ada-based software products

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cernosek, Gary J.

1986-01-01

As the requirements for producing software in the Ada language become a reality for projects such as the Space Station, a great amount of Ada-based program code will begin to emerge. Recognizing the potential for varying levels of quality to result in Ada programs, what is needed is a classification scheme that describes the quality of a software product whose source code exists in Ada form. A 5-level classification scheme is proposed that attempts to decompose this potentially broad spectrum of quality which Ada programs may possess. The number of classes and their corresponding names are not as important as the mere fact that there needs to be some set of criteria from which to evaluate programs existing in Ada. An exact criteria for each class is not presented, nor are any detailed suggestions of how to effectively implement this quality assessment. The idea of Ada-based software classification is introduced and a set of requirements from which to base further research and development is suggested.

Formal methods in the design of Ada 1995

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Guaspari, David

1995-01-01

Formal, mathematical methods are most useful when applied early in the design and implementation of a software system--that, at least, is the familiar refrain. I will report on a modest effort to apply formal methods at the earliest possible stage, namely, in the design of the Ada 95 programming language itself. This talk is an 'experience report' that provides brief case studies illustrating the kinds of problems we worked on, how we approached them, and the extent (if any) to which the results proved useful. It also derives some lessons and suggestions for those undertaking future projects of this kind. Ada 95 is the first revision of the standard for the Ada programming language. The revision began in 1988, when the Ada Joint Programming Office first asked the Ada Board to recommend a plan for revising the Ada standard. The first step in the revision was to solicit criticisms of Ada 83. A set of requirements for the new language standard, based on those criticisms, was published in 1990. A small design team, the Mapping Revision Team (MRT), became exclusively responsible for revising the language standard to satisfy those requirements. The MRT, from Intermetrics, is led by S. Tucker Taft. The work of the MRT was regularly subject to independent review and criticism by a committee of distinguished Reviewers and by several advisory teams--for example, the two User/Implementor teams, each consisting of an industrial user (attempting to make significant use of the new language on a realistic application) and a compiler vendor (undertaking, experimentally, to modify its current implementation in order to provide the necessary new features). One novel decision established the Language Precision Team (LPT), which investigated language proposals from a mathematical point of view. The LPT applied formal mathematical analysis to help improve the design of Ada 95 (e.g., by clarifying the language proposals) and to help promote its acceptance (e.g., by identifying a verifiable subset that would meet the needs of safety-critical applications). The first LPT project, which ran from the fall of 1990 unti the end of 1992, produced studies of several language issues: optimization, sharing and storage, tasking and protected records, overload resolution, the floating point model, distribution, program erros, and object-oriented programming. The second LPT project, in 1994, formally modeled the dynamic semantics of a large part of the (almost) final language definition, looking especially for interactions between language features.

Ada technology support for NASA-GSFC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1986-01-01

Utilization of the Ada programming language and environments to perform directorate functions was reviewed. The Mission and Data Operations Directorate Network (MNET) conversion effort was chosen as the first task for evaluation and assistance. The MNET project required the rewriting of the existing Network Control Program (NCP) in the Ada programming language. The DEC Ada compiler running on the VAX under WMS was used for the initial development efforts. Stress tests on the newly delivered version of the DEC Ada compiler were performed. The new Alsys Ada compiler was purchased for the IBM PC AT. A prevalidated version of the compiler was obtained. The compiler was then validated.

The Americans with Disabilities Amendment Act--are you ready for the changes?

PubMed

Leiker, Michelle

2008-12-01

Significant change is coming quickly, and employers need to be prepared. The Act will move the focus from a "disability" inquiry to an individualized interactive process, and will likely increase the number of individuals protected under the ADA. The defenses and employer modes of responding to disability claims will be narrowed while the range of ADA coverage will expand considerably. Additional information on the ADA and the recent amendments can be obtained by calling the Department of Justice's ADA Information Line (800.514.0301), the EEOC (800.669.4000), or by visiting the DOJ's ADA Web site (http://www.ada.gov/).

Lessons learned in the transition to Ada from FORTRAN at NASA/Goddard

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brophy, Carolyn Elizabeth

1989-01-01

Two dynamics satellite simulators are developed from the same requirements, one in Ada and the other in FORTRAN. The purpose of the research was to find out how well the prescriptive Ada development model worked to develop the Ada simulator. The FORTRAN simulator development, as well as past FORTRAN developments, provided a baseline for comparison. Since this was the first simulator developed, the prescriptive Ada development model had many similarities to the usual FORTRAN development model. However, it was modified to include longer design and shorter testing phases, which is generally expected with Ada developments. One result was that the percentage of time the Ada project spent in the various development activities was very similar to the percentage of time spent in these activities when doing a FORTRAN project. Another finding was the difficulty the Ada team had with unit testing as well as with integration. It was realized that adding additional steps to the design phase, such as an abstract data type analysis, and certain guidelines to the implementation phase, such as to use primarily library units and nest sparingly, would have made development easier. These are among the recommendations made to be incorporated in a new Ada development model next time.

Synthesis and Characterization of Water-Soluble Polythiophene Derivatives for Cell Imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Fengyan; Li, Meng; Wang, Bing; Zhang, Jiangyan; Cheng, Yongqiang; Liu, Libing; Lv, Fengting; Wang, Shu

2015-01-01

In this work, four water-soluble polythiophene derivatives (PT, PT-DDA, PT-ADA, and PT-ADA-PPR) with different pendant moieties were synthesized via oxidative copolymerization by FeCl3. By increasing the hydrophobic ability of side chain moieties, there is a gradually blue shift for the maximum absorption wavelength and red shift for the maximum emission wavelength, a reducing trend for fluorescence quantum yields, a growing trend for Stokes shift, and an increasing trend for the mean sizes in the order of PT, PT-ADA, and PT-DDA. All the synthesized polymers show low toxicity and good photostability and accumulate in the lysosomes of A549 cells. Furthermore, the introduction of porphyrin group to PT-ADA side chain (PT-ADA-PPR) broadens the absorption and emission ranges of PT-ADA. PT-ADA-PPR could be excited at two different excitation wavelengths (488 nm and 559 nm) and exhibits two emission pathways, and dual-color fluorescence images (orange and red) of PT-ADA-PPR accumulated in A549 cells are observed. Thus, PT-ADA-PPR could be used as an excellent dual-color fluorescent and lysosome-specific imaging material.

Development of Software Tools for ADA Compliance Data Collection, Management, and Inquiry

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-07-01

In this NUTC research project, the UNR research team developed an iOS application (named NDOT ADA Data) to efficiently and intuitively collect ADA inventory data with iPhones or iPads. This tool was developed to facilitate NDOT ADA data collect...

78 FR 10263 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for ADA Accommodations Request Packet

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-13

... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service Proposed Collection; Comment Request for ADA... the ADA Accommodations Packet. DATES: Written comments should be received on or before April 15, 2013...: ADA Accommodations Request Packet. OMB Number: 1545-2027. Abstract: Information is collected so that...

Department of Justice Semiannual Regulatory Agenda

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-26

... of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). Those regulations include the ADA Standards for... are consistent with the ADA Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) published by the U.S. Architectural and... ADA Standards, the Department is reviewing its title III regulations and expects to propose, in one or...

Ada--Programming Language of the Future.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rudd, David

1983-01-01

Ada is a programing language developed for the Department of Defense, with a registered trademark. It was named for Ada Augusta, coworker of Charles Babbage and the world's first programer. The Department of Defense hopes to prevent variations and to establish Ada as a consistent, standardized language. (MNS)

NSTX-U Advances in Real-Time C++11 on Linux

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Erickson, Keith G.

2015-08-01

Programming languages like C and Ada combined with proprietary embedded operating systems have dominated the real-time application space for decades. The new C++11 standard includes native, language-level support for concurrency, a required feature for any nontrivial event-oriented real-time software. Threads, Locks, and Atomics now exist to provide the necessary tools to build the structures that make up the foundation of a complex real-time system. The National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade (NSTX-U) at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) is breaking new ground with the language as applied to the needs of fusion devices. A new Digital Coil Protection System (DCPS) will serve as the main protection mechanism for the magnetic coils, and it is written entirely in C++11 running on Concurrent Computer Corporation's real-time operating system, RedHawk Linux. It runs over 600 algorithms in a 5 kHz control loop that determine whether or not to shut down operations before physical damage occurs. To accomplish this, NSTX-U engineers developed software tools that do not currently exist elsewhere, including real-time atomic synchronization, real-time containers, and a real-time logging framework. Together with a recent (and carefully configured) version of the GCC compiler, these tools enable data acquisition, processing, and output using a conventional operating system to meet a hard real-time deadline (that is, missing one periodic is a failure) of 200 microseconds.

Acetylation of Mammalian ADA3 Is Required for Its Functional Roles in Histone Acetylation and Cell Proliferation.

PubMed

Mohibi, Shakur; Srivastava, Shashank; Bele, Aditya; Mirza, Sameer; Band, Hamid; Band, Vimla

2016-10-01

Alteration/deficiency in activation 3 (ADA3) is an essential component of specific histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes. We have previously shown that ADA3 is required for establishing global histone acetylation patterns and for normal cell cycle progression (S. Mohibi et al., J Biol Chem 287:29442-29456, 2012, http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.378901). Here, we report that these functional roles of ADA3 require its acetylation. We show that ADA3 acetylation, which is dynamically regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner, reflects a balance of coordinated actions of its associated HATs, GCN5, PCAF, and p300, and a new partner that we define, the deacetylase SIRT1. We use mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis to identify major sites of ADA3 acetylated by GCN5 and p300. Acetylation-defective mutants are capable of interacting with HATs and other components of HAT complexes but are deficient in their ability to restore ADA3-dependent global or locus-specific histone acetylation marks and cell proliferation in Ada3-deleted murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Given the key importance of ADA3-containing HAT complexes in the regulation of various biological processes, including the cell cycle, our study presents a novel mechanism to regulate the function of these complexes through dynamic ADA3 acetylation. Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Acetylation of Mammalian ADA3 Is Required for Its Functional Roles in Histone Acetylation and Cell Proliferation

PubMed Central

Mohibi, Shakur; Srivastava, Shashank; Bele, Aditya; Mirza, Sameer; Band, Hamid

2016-01-01

Alteration/deficiency in activation 3 (ADA3) is an essential component of specific histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes. We have previously shown that ADA3 is required for establishing global histone acetylation patterns and for normal cell cycle progression (S. Mohibi et al., J Biol Chem 287:29442–29456, 2012, http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.378901). Here, we report that these functional roles of ADA3 require its acetylation. We show that ADA3 acetylation, which is dynamically regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner, reflects a balance of coordinated actions of its associated HATs, GCN5, PCAF, and p300, and a new partner that we define, the deacetylase SIRT1. We use mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis to identify major sites of ADA3 acetylated by GCN5 and p300. Acetylation-defective mutants are capable of interacting with HATs and other components of HAT complexes but are deficient in their ability to restore ADA3-dependent global or locus-specific histone acetylation marks and cell proliferation in Ada3-deleted murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Given the key importance of ADA3-containing HAT complexes in the regulation of various biological processes, including the cell cycle, our study presents a novel mechanism to regulate the function of these complexes through dynamic ADA3 acetylation. PMID:27402865

Integrating automated structured analysis and design with Ada programming support environments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hecht, Alan; Simmons, Andy

1986-01-01

Ada Programming Support Environments (APSE) include many powerful tools that address the implementation of Ada code. These tools do not address the entire software development process. Structured analysis is a methodology that addresses the creation of complete and accurate system specifications. Structured design takes a specification and derives a plan to decompose the system subcomponents, and provides heuristics to optimize the software design to minimize errors and maintenance. It can also produce the creation of useable modules. Studies have shown that most software errors result from poor system specifications, and that these errors also become more expensive to fix as the development process continues. Structured analysis and design help to uncover error in the early stages of development. The APSE tools help to insure that the code produced is correct, and aid in finding obscure coding errors. However, they do not have the capability to detect errors in specifications or to detect poor designs. An automated system for structured analysis and design TEAMWORK, which can be integrated with an APSE to support software systems development from specification through implementation is described. These tools completement each other to help developers improve quality and productivity, as well as to reduce development and maintenance costs. Complete system documentation and reusable code also resultss from the use of these tools. Integrating an APSE with automated tools for structured analysis and design provide capabilities and advantages beyond those realized with any of these systems used by themselves.

Preclinical Demonstration of Lentiviral Vector-mediated Correction of Immunological and Metabolic Abnormalities in Models of Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency

PubMed Central

Carbonaro, Denise A; Zhang, Lin; Jin, Xiangyang; Montiel-Equihua, Claudia; Geiger, Sabine; Carmo, Marlene; Cooper, Aaron; Fairbanks, Lynette; Kaufman, Michael L; Sebire, Neil J; Hollis, Roger P; Blundell, Michael P; Senadheera, Shantha; Fu, Pei-Yu; Sahaghian, Arineh; Chan, Rebecca Y; Wang, Xiaoyan; Cornetta, Kenneth; Thrasher, Adrian J; Kohn, Donald B; Gaspar, H Bobby

2014-01-01

Gene transfer into autologous hematopoietic stem cells by γ-retroviral vectors (gRV) is an effective treatment for adenosine deaminase (ADA)–deficient severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). However, current gRV have significant potential for insertional mutagenesis as reported in clinical trials for other primary immunodeficiencies. To improve the efficacy and safety of ADA-SCID gene therapy (GT), we generated a self-inactivating lentiviral vector (LV) with a codon-optimized human cADA gene under the control of the short form elongation factor-1α promoter (LV EFS ADA). In ADA−/− mice, LV EFS ADA displayed high-efficiency gene transfer and sufficient ADA expression to rescue ADA−/− mice from their lethal phenotype with good thymic and peripheral T- and B-cell reconstitution. Human ADA-deficient CD34+ cells transduced with 1–5 × 107 TU/ml had 1–3 vector copies/cell and expressed 1–2x of normal endogenous levels of ADA, as assayed in vitro and by transplantation into immune-deficient mice. Importantly, in vitro immortalization assays demonstrated that LV EFS ADA had significantly less transformation potential compared to gRV vectors, and vector integration-site analysis by nrLAM-PCR of transduced human cells grown in immune-deficient mice showed no evidence of clonal skewing. These data demonstrated that the LV EFS ADA vector can effectively transfer the human ADA cDNA and promote immune and metabolic recovery, while reducing the potential for vector-mediated insertional mutagenesis. PMID:24256635

Evolution of Ada technology in the flight dynamics area: Design phase analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Quimby, Kelvin L.; Esker, Linda

1988-01-01

The software engineering issues related to the use of the Ada programming language during the design phase of an Ada project are analyzed. Discussion shows how an evolving understanding of these issues is reflected in the design processes of three generations of Ada projects.

Formal verification and testing: An integrated approach to validating Ada programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cohen, Norman H.

1986-01-01

An integrated set of tools called a validation environment is proposed to support the validation of Ada programs by a combination of methods. A Modular Ada Validation Environment (MAVEN) is described which proposes a context in which formal verification can fit into the industrial development of Ada software.

Determination and Validation of a Lower Cut Off Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Adenosine Deaminase (CSF-ADA) Activity in Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis.

PubMed

Raviraj; Henry, Renoy A; Rao, G Ganapathi

2017-04-01

Tuberculous meningitis is an infection of the meninges caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis . It is one of the most common infectious diseases of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and a major health problem in developing countries like India. If there is delay in diagnosis and initiation of specific treatment, it causes significant morbidity and mortality. CSF-ADA 10 U/l is the standard cut off value that is used for differentiation between Tuberculous (TBM) and Non-Tuberculous Meningitis (non-TBM). To determine and validate a lower cut off value for CSF-ADA for diagnosing TBM in an Indian setting. This was a prospective study involving 85 cases of meningitis whose CSF were analysed and ADA estimated using an enzymatic deamination assay kit. Diagnosis of various types of meningitis was made based on specified diagnostic criteria. The comparison of mean value of CSF- ADA activity of the two types of meningitis was done using two Sample t-test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Cut off value to differentiate between TBM and non-TBM meningitis was determined using ROC curve analysis. The CSF-ADA activity of TBM and non-TBM cases was compared. The mean CSF-ADA activity was found to be significantly higher in TBM patients (10.97±4.43; Mean±SD) than in non-TBM patients (5.09±1.53) which was statistically significant with a p-value of <0.001. A cut off value of 6.65 was calculated using ROC curve for the diagnosis of TBM which gave a sensitivity of 85.3% and a specificity of 84.3% for differentiating TBM from non-TBM. The positive predictive value was 78.3% and negative predictive value of 89.5% using the above cut off. The positive likelihood ratio was 5.44 and negative likelihood ratio of 0.17 when this lower cut off value was applied. This study has demonstrated that CSF-ADA can be used as an important diagnostic tool in early diagnosis of TBM using a cut off value of 6.65. This cut off value gave a good sensitivity and specificity in differentiating it from non-TBM.

49 CFR 38.61 - Public information system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT (ADA) ACCESSIBILITY... transportation system personnel, or recorded or digitized human speech messages, to announce stations and provide... public address system to permit transportation system personnel, or recorded or digitized human speech...

49 CFR 37.33 - Airport transportation systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Airport transportation systems. 37.33 Section 37... WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Applicability § 37.33 Airport transportation systems. (a) Transportation systems operated by public airport operators, which provide designated public transportation and connect...

Ada (Trademark) Compiler Validation Summary Report. Informatique Internationale SP-ADA, Version 5.41-300 BULL SPS7/300.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-05-04

UNCLASSIFIED k LE T \\ jAUG 121987 18. SUPPLEM4ENTARY NOTES 19. KEYWORDS (Continue on reverse side if necessary and identify by block number) Ada... INTRODUCTION ................................6 1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT .......7 1.2 USE OF THIS VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT... INTRODUCTION This Validation Summary Report (VSR) describes the extent to which a specific Ada compiler conforms to the Ada Standard, ANSI/MIL-STD-1815A. This

Ada (Trade Name) Compiler Validation Summary Report: Alsys Inc., AlsyCOMP 003, V3.1, Wang PC 280.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-04

Compiler /a tidation Capability. A set of programs that evaluates the conformity of a compiler to the Ada languaJe speci ficat.ion, AIST/MIL-STD--18... Engineering *Ada o ;; ,es~ered trademark of the United States Government (Ada Joint Program Office) A-2 "- S.! ’S APPENDIX B APPENDIX F OF THE Ada...AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT. TASK The National Computing Centre Limited AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS Manchester, UK ŕ 11. CONTROLLING OFFICE

AdaNET research project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Digman, R. Michael

1988-01-01

The components necessary for the success of the commercialization of an Ada Technology Transition Network are reported in detail. The organizational plan presents the planned structure for services development and technical transition of AdaNET services to potential user communities. The Business Plan is the operational plan for the AdaNET service as a commercial venture. The Technical Plan is the plan from which the AdaNET can be designed including detailed requirements analysis. Also contained is an analysis of user fees and charges, and a proposed user fee schedule.

SPADAS: a high-speed 3D single-photon camera for advanced driver assistance systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bronzi, D.; Zou, Y.; Bellisai, S.; Villa, F.; Tisa, S.; Tosi, A.; Zappa, F.

2015-02-01

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are the most advanced technologies to fight road accidents. Within ADAS, an important role is played by radar- and lidar-based sensors, which are mostly employed for collision avoidance and adaptive cruise control. Nonetheless, they have a narrow field-of-view and a limited ability to detect and differentiate objects. Standard camera-based technologies (e.g. stereovision) could balance these weaknesses, but they are currently not able to fulfill all automotive requirements (distance range, accuracy, acquisition speed, and frame-rate). To this purpose, we developed an automotive-oriented CMOS single-photon camera for optical 3D ranging based on indirect time-of-flight (iTOF) measurements. Imagers based on Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays offer higher sensitivity with respect to CCD/CMOS rangefinders, have inherent better time resolution, higher accuracy and better linearity. Moreover, iTOF requires neither high bandwidth electronics nor short-pulsed lasers, hence allowing the development of cost-effective systems. The CMOS SPAD sensor is based on 64 × 32 pixels, each able to process both 2D intensity-data and 3D depth-ranging information, with background suppression. Pixel-level memories allow fully parallel imaging and prevents motion artefacts (skew, wobble, motion blur) and partial exposure effects, which otherwise would hinder the detection of fast moving objects. The camera is housed in an aluminum case supporting a 12 mm F/1.4 C-mount imaging lens, with a 40°×20° field-of-view. The whole system is very rugged and compact and a perfect solution for vehicle's cockpit, with dimensions of 80 mm × 45 mm × 70 mm, and less that 1 W consumption. To provide the required optical power (1.5 W, eye safe) and to allow fast (up to 25 MHz) modulation of the active illumination, we developed a modular laser source, based on five laser driver cards, with three 808 nm lasers each. We present the full characterization of the 3D automotive system, operated both at night and during daytime, in both indoor and outdoor, in real traffic, scenario. The achieved long-range (up to 45m), high dynamic-range (118 dB), highspeed (over 200 fps) 3D depth measurement, and high precision (better than 90 cm at 45 m), highlight the excellent performance of this CMOS SPAD camera for automotive applications.

Sickle cell anemia induces changes in peripheral lymphocytes E-NTPDase/E-ADA activities and cytokines secretion in patients under treatment.

PubMed

Castilhos, Lívia G; Doleski, Pedro H; Bertoldo, Tatiana M D; Passos, Daniela F; Bertoncheli, Claudia de M; Rezer, João F P; Schlemmer, Josiane B; Leal, Daniela B R

2015-07-01

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is characterized by hemoglobin polymerization that results in sickle-shaped red blood cells. The vascular obstruction by sickle erythrocytes is often inflammatory, and purinergic system ecto-enzymes play an important role in modulating the inflammatory and immune response. This study aimed to evaluate the E-NTPDase and E-ADA activities in lymphocytes of SCA treated patients, as well as verify the cytokine profile in this population. Fifteen SCA treated patients and 30 health subjects (control group) were selected. The peripheral lymphocytes were isolated and E-NTPDase and E-ADA activities were determined. Serum was separated from clot formation for the cytokines quantification. E-NTPDase (ATP and ADP as substrate) and E-ADA (adenosine as substrate) activities were increased in lymphocytes from SCA patients (P<0.001). The TNF-α and IL-6 serum cytokines showed decreased on SCA patients comparing to control (P<0.001). The regulation of extracellular nucleotides released in response to hypoxia and inflammation through E-NTPDase and E-ADA enzymes represent an important control of purine-mediated in the SCA disease, avoiding elevated adenosine levels in the extracellular medium and consequent organ injuries in these patients. The pro-inflammatory cytokines decreased levels by use of hydroxyurea occur in attempt to reduce the pro-inflammatory response and prevent vaso-oclusive crisis. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

GRASP/Ada (Graphical Representations of Algorithms, Structures, and Processes for Ada): The development of a program analysis environment for Ada. Reverse engineering tools for Ada, task 1, phase 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cross, James H., II

1990-01-01

The study, formulation, and generation of structures for Ada (GRASP/Ada) are discussed in this second phase report of a three phase effort. Various graphical representations that can be extracted or generated from source code are described and categorized with focus on reverse engineering. The overall goal is to provide the foundation for a CASE (computer-aided software design) environment in which reverse engineering and forward engineering (development) are tightly coupled. Emphasis is on a subset of architectural diagrams that can be generated automatically from source code with the control structure diagram (CSD) included for completeness.

Managing Ada development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Green, James R.

1986-01-01

The Ada programming language was developed under the sponsorship of the Department of Defense to address the soaring costs associated with software development and maintenance. Ada is powerful, and yet to take full advantage of its power, it is sufficiently complex and different from current programming approaches that there is considerable risk associated with committing a program to be done in Ada. There are also few programs of any substantial size that have been implemented using Ada that may be studied to determine those management methods that resulted in a successful Ada project. The items presented are the author's opinions which have been formed as a result of going through an experience software development. The difficulties faced, risks assumed, management methods applied, and lessons learned, and most importantly, the techniques that were successful are all valuable sources of management information for those managers ready to assume major Ada developments projects.

ADA Audit, Transition Plan, and Policy Statement for Higher Education. Manual and Workbook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shepard, Ira Michael; And Others

Designed to assist public institutions in meeting the many requirements and deadlines of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, this handbook provides a blueprint for coordinating ADA compliance and conducting the required self-evaluations. Chapter 1 reviews policy implications of compliance with the ADA, discusses the importance of…

Regulation of adenosine deaminase (ADA) on induced mouse experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) ‡

PubMed Central

Liang, Dongchun; Zuo, Aijun; Zhao, Ronglan; Shao, Hui; Kaplan, Henry J.; Sun, Deming

2016-01-01

Adenosine is an important regulator of the immune response and adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibits this regulatory effect by converting adenosine into functionally inactive molecules. Studies have shown that adenosine receptor (AR) agonists can be either anti- or pro-inflammatory. Clarification of the mechanisms that cause these opposing effects should provide a better guide for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we investigated the effect of ADA on the development of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) induced by immunizing EAU-prone mice with a known uveitogenic peptide, IRBP1–20. Our results showed that the effective time to administer a single dose of ADA to suppress induction of EAU was 8–14 days post-immunization, shortly before EAU expression, but ADA treatment at other time points exacerbated disease. ADA preferentially inhibited Th17 responses and this effect was γδ T cell-dependent. Our results demonstrated that the existing immune status strongly influences the anti- or proinflammatory effects of ADA. Our observations should help improve the design of ADA- and AR-targeted therapies. PMID:26856700

Rational application of adenosine deaminase activity in cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.

PubMed

Parra-Ruiz, Jorge; Ramos, V; Dueñas, C; Coronado-Álvarez, N M; Cabo-Magadán, R; Portillo-Tuñón, V; Vinuesa, D; Muñoz-Medina, L; Hernández-Quero, J

2015-10-01

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is one of the most serious and difficult to diagnose manifestations of TB. An ADA value >9.5 IU/L has great sensitivity and specificity. However, all available studies have been conducted in areas of high endemicity, so we sought to determine the accuracy of ADA in a low endemicity area. This retrospective study included 190 patients (105 men) who had ADA tested in CSF for some reason. Patients were classified as probable/certain TBM or non-TBM based on clinical and Thwaite's criteria. Optimal ADA cutoff was established by ROC curves and a predictive algorithm based on ADA and other CSF biochemical parameters was generated. Eleven patients were classified as probable/certain TBM. In a low endemicity area, the best ADA cutoff was 11.5 IU/L with 91 % sensitivity and 77.7 % specificity. We also developed a predictive algorithm based on the combination of ADA (>11.5 IU/L), glucose (<65 mg/dL) and leukocytes (≥13.5 cell/mm(3)) with increased accuracy (Se: 91 % Sp: 88 %). Optimal ADA cutoff value in areas of low TB endemicity is higher than previously reported. Our algorithm is more accurate than ADA activity alone with better sensitivity and specificity than previously reported algorithms.

Triazolophostins: a library of novel and potent agonists of IP3 receptors.

PubMed

Vibhute, Amol M; Konieczny, Vera; Taylor, Colin W; Sureshan, Kana M

2015-06-28

IP3 receptors are channels that mediate the release of Ca(2+) from the intracellular stores of cells stimulated by hormones or neurotransmitters. Adenophostin A (AdA) is the most potent agonist of IP3 receptors, with the β-anomeric adenine contributing to the increased potency. The potency of AdA and its stability towards the enzymes that degrade IP3 have aroused interest in AdA analogs for biological studies. The complex structure of AdA poses problems that have necessitated optimization of synthetic conditions for each analog. Such lengthy one-at-a-time syntheses limit access to AdA analogs. We have addressed this problem by synthesizing a library of triazole-based AdA analogs, triazolophostins, by employing click chemistry. An advanced intermediate having all the necessary phosphates and a β-azide at the anomeric position was reacted with various alkynes under Cu(i) catalysis to yield triazoles, which upon deprotection gave triazolophostins. All eleven triazolophostins synthesized are more potent than IP3 and some are equipotent with AdA in functional analyses of IP3 receptors. We show that a triazole ring can replace adenine without compromising the potency of AdA and provide facile routes to novel AdA analogs.

NASA-evolving to Ada: Five-year plan. A plan for implementing recommendations made by the Ada and software management assessment working group

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

At their March 1988 meeting, members of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Information Resources Management (IRM) Council expressed concern that NASA may not have the infrastructure necessary to support the use of Ada for major NASA software projects. Members also observed that the agency has no coordinated strategy for applying its experiences with Ada to subsequent projects (Hinners, 27 June 1988). To deal with these problems, the IRM Council chair appointed an intercenter Ada and Software Management Assessment Working Group (ASMAWG). They prepared a report (McGarry et al., March 1989) entitled, 'Ada and Software Management in NASA: Findings and Recommendations'. That report presented a series of recommendations intended to enable NASA to develop better software at lower cost through the use of Ada and other state-of-the-art software engineering technologies. The purpose here is to describe the steps (called objectives) by which this goal may be achieved, to identify the NASA officials or organizations responsible for carrying out the steps, and to define a schedule for doing so. This document sets forth four goals: adopt agency-wide software standards and policies; use Ada as the programming language for all mission software; establish an infrastructure to support software engineering, including the use of Ada, and to leverage the agency's software experience; and build the agency's knowledge base in Ada and software engineering. A schedule for achieving the objectives and goals is given.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 940325S1. 11348 DDC-I, DACS Sun SPARC/Solaris to 80386 PM Bare Ada Cross Compiler System, Version 4.6.4 Sun SPARCclassic = Intel iSBC 386/116 (Bare Machine)

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-03-25

digits than SYSTEM.MAXDIGITS: C24113L..Y (14 tests) C35705L..Y (14 tests) C35706L..Y (14 tests) C35707L..Y (14 tests) 2-1 C35708L..Y (14 tests) C35802L...MACHINE CODETYPE : REGISTERTYPE MANTISSADOC : 31 A-2 MAX_- DIGITS : 15 MAX_-INT : 9223372036854775807 MAX_-INTPLUS_1 : 9223372036854775808 MIN_ INT...words. A libary task is formed when a task object is declared at the outermost level of a package. Library tasks ame created and activated during the

Membrane lipid-protein interactions modify the regulatory role of adenosine-deaminase complexing protein: a phase fluorometry study of a malignancy marker

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parola, Abraham H.; Porat, Nurith; Caiolfa, Valeria R.; Gill, David; Kiesow, Lutz A.; Weisman, Mathew; Nemschitz, S.; Yaron, Dahlia; Singer, Karen; Solomon, Ethel

1990-05-01

The role of membrane lipid-protein interactions in malignant cell transformation was examined with adenosine deaminase (ADA) as a representative membrane protein. ADA's activity changes dramatically in transformed cells and accordingly it is a malignancy marker. Yet, the mechanisms controlling its variable activity are unknown. We undertook the spectroscopic deciphering of its interactions with its lipidic environment in normal and malignant cells. ADA exists in two interconvertible forms, small (45 KD) and large (21OKD). The large form consists of two small catalytic subunits (55-ADA) and a dimeric complexing protein ADCP. The physiological role of ADCP was not known either. Our studies were carried out at three levels.: 1. Solution enzyme kinetics, 2. The interaction of 55-ADA with ADCP reconstituted in liposomes: Effect of cholesterol and 3. Multifrequency phase modulation spectrofluorometry of pyrene-labeled 55-ADA bound to ADCP on the membranes of normal and RSV or RSV Ts68 transformed chick embryo fibroblasts. We found: 1. ADCP has an allosteric regulatory role on 55-ADA, which may be of physiological relevance: It inhibits 55-ADA activity at low physiological adenosine concentrations but accelerates deamination at high substrate concentration. 2. When reconstituted in DMPC liposomes, it retains 55-ADA activity (in its absence the activity is lost) and upon rigidification with cholesterol, a three fold increase in 55-ADA activity is attained, contrary to ADCP's regulatory activity when free of lipids. 3. The reduced ADA activity in transformed chick embryo fibroblasts is associated with increased membrane lipid fluidity (reduced order parameter), reduced accessibility of ADCP and increase rotational dynamics of the complex. We thus obtained spectroscopic deciphering of the vertical motion of ADCP, controlled by lipid-protein interaction, resulting in variable activity of this malignancy marker.

Autoimmune Dysregulation and Purine Metabolism in Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency

PubMed Central

Sauer, Aisha Vanessa; Brigida, Immacolata; Carriglio, Nicola; Aiuti, Alessandro

2012-01-01

Genetic defects in the adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene are among the most common causes for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). ADA-SCID patients suffer from lymphopenia, severely impaired cellular and humoral immunity, failure to thrive, and recurrent infections. Currently available therapeutic options for this otherwise fatal disorder include bone marrow transplantation (BMT), enzyme replacement therapy with bovine ADA (PEG-ADA), or hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy (HSC-GT). Although varying degrees of immune reconstitution can be achieved by these treatments, breakdown of tolerance is a major concern in ADA-SCID. Immune dysregulation such as autoimmune hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, hemolytic anemia, and immune thrombocytopenia are frequently observed in milder forms of the disease. However, several reports document similar complications also in patients on long-term PEG-ADA and after BMT or GT treatment. A skewed repertoire and decreased immune functions have been implicated in autoimmunity observed in certain B-cell and/or T-cell immunodeficiencies, but it remains unclear to what extent specific mechanisms of tolerance are affected in ADA deficiency. Herein we provide an overview about ADA-SCID and the autoimmune manifestations reported in these patients before and after treatment. We also assess the value of the ADA-deficient mouse model as a useful tool to study both immune and metabolic disease mechanisms. With focus on regulatory T- and B-cells we discuss the lymphocyte subpopulations particularly prone to contribute to the loss of self-tolerance and onset of autoimmunity in ADA deficiency. Moreover we address which aspects of immune dysregulation are specifically related to alterations in purine metabolism caused by the lack of ADA and the subsequent accumulation of metabolites with immunomodulatory properties. PMID:22969765

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor activation promotes ADA3 acetylation through the AKT-p300 pathway

PubMed Central

Srivastava, Shashank; Mohibi, Shakur; Mirza, Sameer; Band, Hamid; Band, Vimla

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT The ADA3 (Alteration/Deficiency in Activation 3) protein is an essential adaptor component of several Lysine Acetyltransferase (KAT) complexes involved in chromatin modifications. Previously, we and others have demonstrated a crucial role of ADA3 in cell cycle progression and in maintenance of genomic stability. Recently, we have shown that acetylation of ADA3 is key to its role in cell cycle progression. Here, we demonstrate that AKT activation downstream of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) family proteins stimulation leads to phosphorylation of p300, which in turn promotes the acetylation of ADA3. Inhibition of upstream receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), HER1 (EGFR)/HER2 by lapatinib and the accompanying reduction of phospho-AKT levels led to a decrease in p300 phosphorylation and ADA3 protein levels. The p300/PCAF inhibitor garcinol also destabilized the ADA3 protein in a proteasome-dependent manner and an ADA3 mutant with K→R mutations exhibited a marked increase in half-life, consistent with opposite role of acetylation and ubiquitination of ADA3 on shared lysine residues. ADA3 knockdown led to cell cycle inhibitory effects, as well as apoptosis similar to those induced by lapatinib treatment of HER2+ breast cancer cells, as seen by accumulation of CDK inhibitor p27, reduction in mitotic marker pH3(S10), and a decrease in the S-phase marker PCNA, as well as the appearance of cleaved PARP. Taken together our results reveal a novel RTK-AKT-p300-ADA3 signaling pathway involved in growth factor-induced cell cycle progression. PMID:28759294

Assessment of ADA Research and Development Needs

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-07-01

This report assesses the progress transit systems have made in improving the accessibility of their services and facilities. Specific objectives included the identification of innovative solutions developed by transit systems to meet the accessibilit...

GRASP/Ada 95: Reverse Engineering Tools for Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cross, James H., II

1996-01-01

The GRASP/Ada project (Graphical Representations of Algorithms, Structures, and Processes for Ada) has successfully created and prototyped an algorithmic level graphical representation for Ada software, the Control Structure Diagram (CSD), and a new visualization for a fine-grained complexity metric called the Complexity Profile Graph (CPG). By synchronizing the CSD and the CPG, the CSD view of control structure, nesting, and source code is directly linked to the corresponding visualization of statement level complexity in the CPG. GRASP has been integrated with GNAT, the GNU Ada 95 Translator to provide a comprehensive graphical user interface and development environment for Ada 95. The user may view, edit, print, and compile source code as a CSD with no discernible addition to storage or computational overhead. The primary impetus for creation of the CSD was to improve the comprehension efficiency of Ada software and, as a result, improve reliability and reduce costs. The emphasis has been on the automatic generation of the CSD from Ada 95 source code to support reverse engineering and maintenance. The CSD has the potential to replace traditional prettyprinted Ada source code. The current update has focused on the design and implementation of a new Motif compliant user interface, and a new CSD generator consisting of a tagger and renderer. The Complexity Profile Graph (CPG) is based on a set of functions that describes the context, content, and the scaling for complexity on a statement by statement basis. When combined graphicafly, the result is a composite profile of complexity for the program unit. Ongoing research includes the development and refinement of the associated functions, and the development of the CPG generator prototype. The current Version 5.0 prototype provides the capability for the user to generate CSDs and CPGs from Ada 95 source code in a reverse engineering as well as forward engineering mode with a level of flexibility suitable for practical application. This report provides an overview of the GRASP/Ada project with an emphasis on the current update.

Adalimumab for Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PubMed

Chen, Xinlin; Hou, Jiangtao; Yuan, Yujie; Huang, Chaoyuan; Liu, Tianwen; Mo, Chuanwei; Li, Haiwen; Chen, Bin; Xu, Qian; Hou, Zhengkun; He, Weiling; Liu, Fengbin

2016-06-01

Evidence-based studies are increasingly being focused on evaluating the efficacy and safety of adalimumab (ADA) for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the dosage pattern of ADA for UC management is still not clear. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different ADA dosage regimens for moderately to severely active UC. The Medline, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane databases were searched from their inception to January 2015. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ADA with placebo were eligible for initial inclusion. The efficacy and side effects were evaluated for ADA 160/80 (ADA 160/80 mg at weeks 0/2 and then 40 mg at weeks 4 and 6), and ADA 80/40 (ADA 80/40 mg at weeks 0/2 and then 40 mg at weeks 4 and 6) induction therapy, with ADA 40 mg every other week (EOW) for maintenance therapy of 52 weeks. The pooled risk ratio (RR) and its 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Three RCTs were included. All of the studies were considered to have a low risk of bias. ADA 160/80 was more effective than placebo for induction of clinical remission (RR 1.62, 95 % CI 1.15-2.29), clinical response (RR 1.37, 95 % CI 1.19-1.59), mucosal healing (RR 1.27, 95 % CI 1.08-1.50), and inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (IBDQ) response (RR 1.22, 95 % CI 1.05-1.43) and did not increase adverse events (RR 1.10, 95 % CI 0.95-1.27). Compared with placebo, ADA 80/40 did not show significant differences for induction of clinical remission and clinical response and did not increase adverse events. ADA 40 mg EOW was superior to placebo in maintaining clinical remission (RR 2.38, 95 % CI 1.57-3.59), clinical response (RR 1.69, 95 % CI 1.29-2.21), mucosal healing (RR 1.69, 95 % CI 1.26-2.28), and IBDQ response (RR 1.73, 95 % CI 1.28-2.34). Compared with placebo, ADA 40 mg EOW increased adverse events (RR 1.28, 95 % CI 1.06-1.54). ADA 160/80 was a safe and effective treatment for induction management of moderately to severely active UC, but the benefits of ADA 80/40 application were limited. ADA 40 mg EOW was effective for maintenance management of UC. Additional well designed RCTs are needed to confirm these results.

Languages for artificial intelligence: Implementing a scheduler in LISP and in Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hays, Dan

1988-01-01

A prototype scheduler for space experiments originally programmed in a dialect of LISP using some of the more traditional techniques of that language, was recast using an object-oriented LISP, Common LISP with Flavors on the Symbolics. This object-structured version was in turn partially implemented in Ada. The Flavors version showed a decided improvement in both speed of execution and readability of code. The recasting into Ada involved various practical problems of implementation as well as certain challenges of reconceptualization in going from one language to the other. Advantages were realized, however, in greater clarity of the code, especially where more standard flow of control was used. This exercise raised issues about the influence of programming language on the design of flexible and sensitive programs such as schedule planners, and called attention to the importance of factors external to the languages themselves such as system embeddedness, hardware context, and programmer practice.

Age- and gender-specific epistasis between ADA and TNF-α influences human life-expectancy.

PubMed

Napolioni, Valerio; Carpi, Francesco M; Giannì, Paola; Sacco, Roberto; Di Blasio, Luca; Mignini, Fiorenzo; Lucarini, Nazzareno; Persico, Antonio M

2011-11-01

Aging is a complex phenotype with multiple determinants but a strong genetic component significantly impacts on survival to extreme ages. The dysregulation of immune responses occurring with increasing age is believed to contribute to human morbidity and mortality. Conversely, some genetic determinants of successful aging might reside in those polymorphisms for the immune system genes regulating immune responses. Here we examined the main effects of single loci and multi-locus interactions to test the hypothesis that the adenosine deaminase (ADA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) genes may influence human life-expectancy. ADA (22G>A, rs73598374) and TNF-α (-308G>A, rs1800629; -238G>A, rs361525) functional SNPs have been determined for 1071 unrelated healthy individuals from Central Italy (18-106 years old) divided into three gender-specific age classes defined according to demographic information and accounting for the different survivals between sexes: for men (women), the first class consists of individuals<66 years old (<73 years old), the second class of individuals 66-88 years old (73-91 years old), and the third class of individuals>88 years old (>91 years old). Single-locus analysis showed that only ADA 22G>A is significantly associated with human life-expectancy in males (comparison 1 (age class 2 vs. age class 1), O.R. 1.943, P=0.036; comparison 2 (age class 3 vs. age class 2), O.R. 0.320, P=0.0056). Age- and gender-specific patterns of epistasis between ADA and TNF-α were found using Generalized Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (GMDR). In comparison 1, a significant two-loci interaction occurs in females between ADA 22G>A and TNF-α -238G>A (Sign Test P=0.011). In comparison 2, both two-loci and three-loci interaction are significant associated with increased life-expectancy over 88 years in males. In conclusion, we report that a combination of functional SNPs within ADA and TNF-α genes can influence life-expectancy in a gender-specific manner and that males and females follow different pathways to attain longevity. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Safe and Efficient Support for Embeded Multi-Processors in ADA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruiz, Jose F.

2010-08-01

New software demands increasing processing power, and multi-processor platforms are spreading as the answer to achieve the required performance. Embedded real-time systems are also subject to this trend, but in the case of real-time mission-critical systems, the properties of reliability, predictability and analyzability are also paramount. The Ada 2005 language defined a subset of its tasking model, the Ravenscar profile, that provides the basis for the implementation of deterministic and time analyzable applications on top of a streamlined run-time system. This Ravenscar tasking profile, originally designed for single processors, has proven remarkably useful for modelling verifiable real-time single-processor systems. This paper proposes a simple extension to the Ravenscar profile to support multi-processor systems using a fully partitioned approach. The implementation of this scheme is simple, and it can be used to develop applications amenable to schedulability analysis.

AdaNET executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Digman, R. Michael

1988-01-01

The goal of AdaNET is to transfer existing and emerging software engineering technology from the Federal government to the private sector. The views and perspectives of the current project participants on long and short term goals for AdaNET; organizational structure; resources and returns; summary of identified AdaNET services; and the summary of the organizational model currently under discussion are presented.

76 FR 66034 - Proposed Foreign-Trade Zone-Ada and Canyon Counties, ID, Under Alternative Site Framework...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-25

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Foreign-Trade Zones Board [Docket 65-2011] Proposed Foreign-Trade Zone--Ada... establish a general-purpose foreign-trade zone at sites in Ada and Canyon Counties, Idaho, adjacent to the... proposed service area under the ASF would be Ada and Canyon Counties, Idaho. If approved, the applicant...

Ada Dual-Use Summary: Ada Dual-Use Workshop Held in Vienna, Virginia on October 19-20, 1993. Ada Dual-Use Committee Briefing, November 8, 1993

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-11-29

Certification: Initial Continuing Fund Experimentatlonal Research: Same Design , Implement In Ada, C, C++ Same Problem, Develop With Multiple Methodologies ...allowing analysts ( non programmers) to ’parit’ specifications for screens, reports, databases and etc 2) generating from design specifications 75% of...before the non -defense sector did and designed a tool to tackle the problem. DOD tested the tool and it worked. But DOD hasn’t put Ada to work in a

NYU Ada/Ed User’s Guide - Version 1.4 for VAX/VMS Systems.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-07-01

Executble fie).M h le contains the Intermediate code from the alajie, bound togethr with the scomsary compilaton units bum libaries rquested by the pmn...3.5.4 bounds in -n integer type definition must be of sme intge type 3.5.7 Expect static expression for digits 3.5.7 Expect integer expression for...DI&13 3.5.7 Invalid digits value in real type dedwaation 3.5.7 Expect static expression for delta 3.5.9 Expression for delta must be of some real type

Computer Program Development Specification for Ada Integrated Environment: KAPSE (Kernel Ada Programming Support Environment)/Database, Type B5, B5-AIE(1).KAPSE(1).

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-11-12

File 1/0 Prgram Invocation Other Access M and Control Services KAPSE/Host Interface most Operating System Peripherals/ 01 su ?eetworks 6282318-2 Figure 3...3.2.4.3.8.5 Transitory Windows The TRANSITORY flag is used to prevent permanent dependence on temporary windows created simply for focusing on a part of the...KAPSE/Tool interfaces in terms of these low-level host-independent interfaces. In addition, the KAPSE/Host interface packages prevent the application

Ada Embedded Systems Testbed Project

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-01

project’s work to their home organizations, as well as adding the DoD’s perspective to many Issues while at the SEI. Currently, the only government...Future Work 51 6. Summary and Future Directions 53 References 55 CMU/SE147-TR-31 Ill ~~~4 - a I I I I ) ) ) N A Iv CMU/SE147.TR-31 " List of Figures...the Ada benchmarks available from University of Michigan and the Performance Issues Working Group of SIGAda were run under VAXE.N and on the bare

Software technology testbed softpanel prototype

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

The following subject areas are covered: analysis of using Ada for the development of real-time control systems for the Space Station; analysis of the functionality of the Application Generator; analysis of the User Support Environment criteria; analysis of the SSE tools and procedures which are to be used for the development of ground/flight software for the Space Station; analysis if the CBATS tutorial (an Ada tutorial package); analysis of Interleaf; analysis of the Integration, Test and Verification process of the Space Station; analysis of the DMS on-orbit flight architecture; analysis of the simulation architecture.

Generic Ada code in the NASA space station command, control and communications environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcdougall, D. P.; Vollman, T. E.

1986-01-01

The results of efforts to apply powerful Ada constructs to the formatted message handling process are described. The goal of these efforts was to extend the state-of-technology in message handling while at the same time producing production-quality, reusable code. The first effort was initiated in September, 1984 and delivered in April, 1985. That product, the Generic Message Handling Facility, met initial goals, was reused, and is available in the Ada Repository on ARPANET. However, it became apparent during its development that the initial approach to building a message handler template was not optimal. As a result of this initial effort, several alternate approaches were identified, and research is now on-going to identify an improved product. The ultimate goal is to be able to instantly build a message handling system for any message format given a specification of that message format. The problem lies in how to specify the message format, and one that is done, how to use that information to build the message handler. Message handling systems and message types are described. The initial efforts, its results and its shortcomings are detailed. The approach now being taken to build a system which will be significantly easier to implement, and once implemented, easier to use, is described. Finally, conclusions are offered.

49 CFR 37.33 - Airport transportation systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Airport transportation systems. 37.33 Section 37.33 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Applicability § 37.33 Airport transportation systems. (a) Transportation...

49 CFR 37.33 - Airport transportation systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Airport transportation systems. 37.33 Section 37.33 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Applicability § 37.33 Airport transportation systems. (a) Transportation...

49 CFR 37.33 - Airport transportation systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Airport transportation systems. 37.33 Section 37.33 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Applicability § 37.33 Airport transportation systems. (a) Transportation...

Repeatability of pleural adenosine deaminase measurements in diagnostic evaluation of pleural effusions.

PubMed

Kotsiou, Ourania S; Tzortzi, Panagiota; Beta, Rafailia A A; Kyritsis, Athanasios; Gourgoulianis, Konstantinos I

2018-06-01

A follow-up thoracentesis is proposed in suspected atypical tuberculosis cases. The study aimed to define the variability of pleural ADA values across repeated thoracenteses in different types of pleural effusions (PEs) and to evaluate whether ADA variance, in regard to the cutoff value of 40 U/L, affected final diagnosis. A total of 131 patients with PEs of various etiologies underwent three repeated thoracenteses. ADA values were subsequently estimated. 82% and 55% of patients had greater than 10% and 20% deviation from the highest ADA value, respectively. From those patients who had a variance of 20%, 36% had only increasing ADA values, while 19% had only decreasing values. Considering the cutoff value of 40 U/L, only in two cases, ADA decreased below this threshold, which concerned a man with tuberculous pleurisy and a woman with lymphoma both in the course of treatment. Furthermore, only in two cases with rising values, ADA finally exceeded the cutoff limit, which concerned a man with rheumatoid pleurisy and a man with tuberculous pleurisy. Surprisingly, malignant PEs (MPEs) showed a higher percentage of increasing values compared to all other exudates that did not, however, exceed the threshold. The determination of pleural ADA levels is a reproducible method for rapid tuberculosis diagnosis. The detected measurement deviations do not appear to affect final diagnosis. In specific situations, repeated ADA measurements may be valuable in directing further diagnostic evaluation. More investigation is needed to elucidate the possible prognostic significance of the increasing trend in ADA values in MPEs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Collaborative study using common samples to evaluate the performance of anti-drug antibody assays constructed by different companies.

PubMed

Niimi, Shingo; Nishimiya, Kazuhiro; Nishidate, Masanobu; Saito, Tetsu; Minoura, Kyoko; Kadotsuji, Kenta; Shimakura, Jin; Shigemizu, Hiroko; Hosogi, Jun; Adachi, Maiko; Hashimoto, Tsutomu; Mori, Tamiki; Harada, Hideki; Yamamoto, Ken-Ichi; Nakamura, Takahiro; Nomura, Tatsuki; Yamaguchi, Itadaki; Sonehara, Kazuhiko; Ishii-Watabe, Akiko; Kawasaki, Nana

2018-04-01

This study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of anti-drug antibody (ADA) assays constructed by each participating company using common samples including ADA, drug and human serum. The ADA assays constructed by each company showed good sensitivity and precision for evaluation of ADA. Cut points for screening and confirmatory assays and assay selectivity were determined by various calculation methods. In evaluations of blind ADA samples, nearly similar results were obtained by the study companies in determinations of whether samples were positive or negative except at the lowest sample concentration (5 ng/mL). In measurement of drug tolerance, for almost samples containing ADA and drugs, more positive results were obtained in assays using acid dissociation compared to those without acid dissociation. Overall, the performance of ADA assays constructed by the 10 companies participating in this study was acceptable in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility for detection and evaluation of immunogenicity in both patients and healthy subjects. On the other hand, based on results for samples containing ADA and drugs, validity of results for ADA assays conducted without acid dissociation was less meaningful and more difficult to evaluate. Thus, acid dissociation was confirmed to be useful for improving drug tolerance. Copyright © 2018 The Japanese Society for the Study of Xenobiotics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Encapsulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Vascularization of Alginate-Based Scaffolds.

PubMed

Steiner, Dominik; Lingens, Lara; Fischer, Laura; Köhn, Katrin; Detsch, Rainer; Boccaccini, Aldo R; Fey, Tobias; Greil, Peter; Weis, Christian; Beier, Justus P; Horch, Raymund E; Arkudas, Andreas

2018-05-09

Vascularization of bioartificial tissues can be significantly enhanced by the generation of an arteriovenous (AV) loop. Besides the surgical vascularization, the choice of the scaffold and the applied cells are indispensable cofactors. The combination of alginate dialdehyde and gelatin (ADA-GEL) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising approach with regard to biocompatibility, biodegradation, as well as de novo tissue formation. In this study, we targeted the investigation of the vascularization of ADA-GEL with and in the absence of encapsulated MSCs in the AV loop model. A Teflon chamber filled with ADA-GEL microcapsules was placed in the groin of Lewis rats and an AV loop was placed into the chamber. Group A encompassed the ADA-GEL without MSCs, whereas group B contained 2 × 10 6 DiI-labeled MSCs/mL ADA-GEL. Four weeks postoperatively, tissue formation and vascularization were investigated by histology and microcomputed tomography. We were able to prove vascularization originating from the AV loop in both groups with statistically significant more vessels in group B containing MSCs. Moreover, encapsulated MSCs promoted biodegradation of the ADA-GEL microcapsules. In the present study, we were able to demonstrate for the first time, the successful vascularization of ADA-GEL microcapsules by means of the AV loop. Furthermore, ADA-GEL displayed a good biocompatibility and encapsulation of MSCs into ADA-GEL microcapsule-enhanced vascularization as well as biodegradation.

Neonatal bone marrow transplantation of ADA-deficient SCID mice results in immunologic reconstitution despite low levels of engraftment and an absence of selective donor T lymphoid expansion

PubMed Central

Carbonaro, Denise A.; Jin, Xiangyang; Cotoi, Daniel; Mi, Tiejuan; Yu, Xiao-Jin; Skelton, Dianne C.; Dorey, Frederick; Kellems, Rodney E.; Blackburn, Michael R.

2008-01-01

Adenosine deaminase (ADA)–deficient severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) may be treated by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation without prior cytoreductive conditioning, although the mechanism of immune reconstitution is unclear. We studied this process in a murine gene knockout model of ADA-deficient SCID. Newborn ADA-deficient pups received transplants of intravenous infusion of normal congenic bone marrow, without prior cytoreductive conditioning, which resulted in long-term survival, multisystem correction, and nearly normal lymphocyte numbers and mitogenic proliferative responses. Only 1% to 3% of lymphocytes and myeloid cells were of donor origin without a selective expansion of donor-derived lymphocytes; immune reconstitution was by endogenous, host-derived ADA-deficient lymphocytes. Preconditioning of neonates with 100 to 400 cGy of total body irradiation before normal donor marrow transplant increased the levels of engrafted donor cells in a radiation dose–dependent manner, but the chimerism levels were similar for lymphoid and myeloid cells. The absence of selective reconstitution by donor T lymphocytes in the ADA-deficient mice indicates that restoration of immune function occurred by rescue of endogenous ADA-deficient lymphocytes through cross-correction from the engrafted ADA-replete donor cells. Thus, ADA-deficient SCID is unique in its responses to nonmyeloablative bone marrow transplantation, which has implications for clinical bone marrow transplantation or gene therapy. PMID:18356486

New scoring methodology improves the sensitivity of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) in clinical trials.

PubMed

Verma, Nishant; Beretvas, S Natasha; Pascual, Belen; Masdeu, Joseph C; Markey, Mia K

2015-11-12

As currently used, the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) has low sensitivity for measuring Alzheimer's disease progression in clinical trials. A major reason behind the low sensitivity is its sub-optimal scoring methodology, which can be improved to obtain better sensitivity. Using item response theory, we developed a new scoring methodology (ADAS-CogIRT) for the ADAS-Cog, which addresses several major limitations of the current scoring methodology. The sensitivity of the ADAS-CogIRT methodology was evaluated using clinical trial simulations as well as a negative clinical trial, which had shown an evidence of a treatment effect. The ADAS-Cog was found to measure impairment in three cognitive domains of memory, language, and praxis. The ADAS-CogIRT methodology required significantly fewer patients and shorter trial durations as compared to the current scoring methodology when both were evaluated in simulated clinical trials. When validated on data from a real clinical trial, the ADAS-CogIRT methodology had higher sensitivity than the current scoring methodology in detecting the treatment effect. The proposed scoring methodology significantly improves the sensitivity of the ADAS-Cog in measuring progression of cognitive impairment in clinical trials focused in the mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease stage. This provides a boost to the efficiency of clinical trials requiring fewer patients and shorter durations for investigating disease-modifying treatments.

Neonatal bone marrow transplantation of ADA-deficient SCID mice results in immunologic reconstitution despite low levels of engraftment and an absence of selective donor T lymphoid expansion.

PubMed

Carbonaro, Denise A; Jin, Xiangyang; Cotoi, Daniel; Mi, Tiejuan; Yu, Xiao-Jin; Skelton, Dianne C; Dorey, Frederick; Kellems, Rodney E; Blackburn, Michael R; Kohn, Donald B

2008-06-15

Adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) may be treated by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation without prior cytoreductive conditioning, although the mechanism of immune reconstitution is unclear. We studied this process in a murine gene knockout model of ADA-deficient SCID. Newborn ADA-deficient pups received transplants of intravenous infusion of normal congenic bone marrow, without prior cytoreductive conditioning, which resulted in long-term survival, multisystem correction, and nearly normal lymphocyte numbers and mitogenic proliferative responses. Only 1% to 3% of lymphocytes and myeloid cells were of donor origin without a selective expansion of donor-derived lymphocytes; immune reconstitution was by endogenous, host-derived ADA-deficient lymphocytes. Preconditioning of neonates with 100 to 400 cGy of total body irradiation before normal donor marrow transplant increased the levels of engrafted donor cells in a radiation dose-dependent manner, but the chimerism levels were similar for lymphoid and myeloid cells. The absence of selective reconstitution by donor T lymphocytes in the ADA-deficient mice indicates that restoration of immune function occurred by rescue of endogenous ADA-deficient lymphocytes through cross-correction from the engrafted ADA-replete donor cells. Thus, ADA-deficient SCID is unique in its responses to nonmyeloablative bone marrow transplantation, which has implications for clinical bone marrow transplantation or gene therapy.

A high proportion of ADA point mutations associated with a specific alanine-to-valine substitution.

PubMed

Markert, M L; Norby-Slycord, C; Ward, F E

1989-09-01

In 15%-20% of children with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), the underlying defect is adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. The overall goal of our research has been to identify the precise molecular defects in patients with ADA-deficient SCID. In this study, we focused on a patient whom we found to have normal sized ADA mRNA by Northern analysis and an intact ADA structural gene by Southern analysis. By cloning and sequencing this patient's ADA cDNA, we found a C-to-T point mutation in exon 11. This resulted in the amino acid substitution of a valine for an alanine at position 329 of the ADA protein. Sequence analysis revealed that this mutation created a new BalI restriction site. Using Southern analyses, we were able to directly screen individuals to determine the frequency of this mutation. By combining data on eight families followed at our institution with data on five other families reported in the literature, we established that five of 13 patients (seven of 22 alleles) with known or suspected point mutations have this defect. This mutation was found to be associated with three different ADA haplotypes. This argues against a founder effect and suggests that the mutation is very old. In summary, a conservative amino acid substitution is found in a high proportion of patients with ADA deficiency; this can easily be detected by Southern analysis.

Defective B cell tolerance in adenosine deaminase deficiency is corrected by gene therapy

PubMed Central

Sauer, Aisha V.; Morbach, Henner; Brigida, Immacolata; Ng, Yen-Shing; Aiuti, Alessandro; Meffre, Eric

2012-01-01

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene defects are among the most common causes of SCID. Restoration of purine metabolism and immune functions can be achieved by enzyme replacement therapy, or more effectively by bone marrow transplant or HSC gene therapy (HSC-GT). However, autoimmune complications and autoantibody production, including anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs), frequently occur in ADA-SCID patients after treatment. To assess whether ADA deficiency affects the establishment of B cell tolerance, we tested the reactivity of recombinant antibodies isolated from single B cells of ADA-SCID patients before and after HSC-GT. We found that before HSC-GT, new emigrant/transitional and mature naive B cells from ADA-SCID patients contained more autoreactive and ANA-expressing clones, indicative of defective central and peripheral B cell tolerance checkpoints. We further observed impaired B cell receptor (BCR) and TLR functions in B cells after ADA inhibition, which may underlie the defects in B cell tolerance. Strikingly, after HSC-GT, ADA-SCID patients displayed quasi-normal early B cell tolerance checkpoints, as evidenced by restored removal of developing autoreactive and ANA-expressing B cells. Hence, ADA plays an essential role in controlling autoreactive B cell counterselection by regulating BCR and TLR functions. PMID:22622038

Structures of Substrate-And Inhibitor-Bound Adenosine Deaminase From a Human Malaria Parasite Show a Dramatic Conformational Change And Shed Light on Drug Selectivity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Larson, E.T.; Deng, W.; Krumm, B.E.

Plasmodium and other apicomplexan parasites are deficient in purine biosynthesis, relying instead on the salvage of purines from their host environment. Therefore, interference with the purine salvage pathway is an attractive therapeutic target. The plasmodial enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) plays a central role in purine salvage and, unlike mammalian ADA homologs, has a further secondary role in methylthiopurine recycling. For this reason, plasmodial ADA accepts a wider range of substrates, as it is responsible for deamination of both adenosine and 5{prime}-methylthioadenosine. The latter substrate is not accepted by mammalian ADA homologs. The structural basis for this natural difference in specificitymore » between plasmodial and mammalian ADA has not been well understood. We now report crystal structures of Plasmodium vivax ADA in complex with adenosine, guanosine, and the picomolar inhibitor 2{prime}-deoxycoformycin. These structures highlight a drastic conformational change in plasmodial ADA upon substrate binding that has not been observed for mammalian ADA enzymes. Further, these complexes illuminate the structural basis for the differential substrate specificity and potential drug selectivity between mammalian and parasite enzymes.« less

AN ADA NAMELIST PACKAGE

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klumpp, A. R.

1994-01-01

The Ada Namelist Package, developed for the Ada programming language, enables a calling program to read and write FORTRAN-style namelist files. A namelist file consists of any number of assignment statements in any order. Features of the Ada Namelist Package are: the handling of any combination of user-defined types; the ability to read vectors, matrices, and slices of vectors and matrices; the handling of mismatches between variables in the namelist file and those in the programmed list of namelist variables; and the ability to avoid searching the entire input file for each variable. The principle user benefits of this software are the following: the ability to write namelist-readable files, the ability to detect most file errors in the initialization phase, a package organization that reduces the number of instantiated units to a few packages rather than to many subprograms, a reduced number of restrictions, and an increased execution speed. The Ada Namelist reads data from an input file into variables declared within a user program. It then writes data from the user program to an output file, printer, or display. The input file contains a sequence of assignment statements in arbitrary order. The output is in namelist-readable form. There is a one-to-one correspondence between namelist I/O statements executed in the user program and variables read or written. Nevertheless, in the input file, mismatches are allowed between assignment statements in the file and the namelist read procedure statements in the user program. The Ada Namelist Package itself is non-generic. However, it has a group of nested generic packages following the nongeneric opening portion. The opening portion declares a variety of useraccessible constants, variables and subprograms. The subprograms are procedures for initializing namelists for reading, reading and writing strings. The subprograms are also functions for analyzing the content of the current dataset and diagnosing errors. Two nested generic packages follow the opening portion. The first generic package contains procedures that read and write objects of scalar type. The second contains subprograms that read and write one and two-dimensional arrays whose components are of scalar type and whose indices are of either of the two discrete types (integer or enumeration). Subprograms in the second package also read and write vector and matrix slices. The Ada Namelist ASCII text files are available on a 360k 5.25" floppy disk written on an IBM PC/AT running under the PC DOS operating system. The largest subprogram in the package requires 150k of memory. The package was developed using VAX Ada v. 1.5 under DEC VMS v. 4.5. It should be portable to any validated Ada compiler. The software was developed in 1989, and is a copyrighted work with all copyright vested in NASA.

An Ada programming support environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tyrrill, AL; Chan, A. David

1986-01-01

The toolset of an Ada Programming Support Environment (APSE) being developed at North American Aircraft Operations (NAAO) of Rockwell International, is described. The APSE is resident on three different hosts and must support developments for the hosts and for embedded targets. Tools and developed software must be freely portable between the hosts. The toolset includes the usual editors, compilers, linkers, debuggers, configuration magnagers, and documentation tools. Generally, these are being supplied by the host computer vendors. Other tools, for example, pretty printer, cross referencer, compilation order tool, and management tools were obtained from public-domain sources, are implemented in Ada and are being ported to the hosts. Several tools being implemented in-house are of interest, these include an Ada Design Language processor based on compilable Ada. A Standalone Test Environment Generator facilitates test tool construction and partially automates unit level testing. A Code Auditor/Static Analyzer permits the Ada programs to be evaluated against measures of quality. An Ada Comment Box Generator partially automates generation of header comment boxes.

Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (E-NPP) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in prostate cancer patients: influence of Gleason score, treatment and bone metastasis.

PubMed

Battisti, Vanessa; Maders, Liési D K; Bagatini, Margarete D; Battisti, Iara E; Bellé, Luziane P; Santos, Karen F; Maldonado, Paula A; Thomé, Gustavo R; Schetinger, Maria R C; Morsch, Vera M

2013-04-01

The relation between adenine nucleotides and cancer has already been described in literature. Considering that the enzymes ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (E-NPP) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) act together to control nucleotide levels, we aimed to investigate the role of these enzymes in prostate cancer (PCa). E-NPP and ADA activities were determined in serum and platelets of PCa patients and controls. We also verified the influence of the Gleason score, bone metastasis and treatment in the enzyme activities. Platelets and serum E-NPP activity increased, whereas ADA activity in serum decreased in PCa patients. In addition, Gleason score, metastasis and treatment influenced E-NPP and ADA activities. We may propose that E-NPP and ADA are involved in the development of PCa. Moreover, E-NPP and ADA activities are modified in PCa patients with distinct Gleason score, with bone metastasis, as well as in patients under treatment. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

The relationship of workers' compensation to the Americans with Disabilities Act and Family and Medical Leave Act.

PubMed

Geaney, John H

2004-05-01

This article examines the intersection of workers' compensation laws with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA). Much ADA and FMLA litigation stems from work-related injuries or illnesses. Knowledge of the ADA and FMLA may help prevent workers' compensation cases from resulting in costly employment litigation. Employees who are absent from work for a work-related condition often have rights under other laws, besides workers' compensation laws, such as the ADA and FMLA. Employers need to be cognizant of this while addressing these cases. First, the goals of state workers' compensation laws and the ADA and FMLA are reviewed. Then specific issues involving the intersection of workers' compensation, ADA,and FMLA are discussed.

Lanthanide-binding peptides with two pendant aminodiacetate arms: impact of the sequence on chelation.

PubMed

Niedźwiecka, Agnieszka; Cisnetti, Federico; Lebrun, Colette; Gateau, Christelle; Delangle, Pascale

2012-03-21

Lanthanide complexes with a series of hexapeptides-incorporating two unnatural chelating amino acids with aminodiacetate groups, Ada(1) and Ada(2)-have been examined in terms of their speciation, structure, stability and luminescence properties. Whereas Ada(2) acts as a tridentate donor in all cases, Ada(1) may act as a tetradentate donor thanks to the coordination of the amide carbonyl function assisted by the formation of a six-membered chelate ring. The position of the Ada(1) residue in the sequence is demonstrated to be critical for the lanthanide complex speciation and structure. Ada(1) promotes the coordination of the backbone amide function to afford a highly dehydrated Ln complex and an S-shape structure of the peptide backbone, only when found in position 2.

Strategic characterization of anti-drug antibody responses for the assessment of clinical relevance and impact.

PubMed

Tatarewicz, Suzanna M; Mytych, Daniel T; Manning, Marta Starcevic; Swanson, Steven J; Moxness, Michael S; Chirmule, Narendra

2014-06-01

All therapeutic proteins have the potential to induce anti-drug antibodies (ADA). Clinically relevant ADA can impact efficacy and/or safety of a biological therapeutic. Immunogenicity assessment strategy evaluates binding and neutralizing ADA, and the need for additional characterization (e.g., epitope, titer and so on) is determined using a risk-based approach. The choice of characterization assays depends on the type, application and immunogenicity of the therapeutic. ADA characterization can impact the interpretation of the risk profile of a given therapeutic, and offers insight into opportunities for risk mitigation and management. This article describes common ADA characterization methods. Strategic assessment and characterization of clinically relevant ADA are discussed, in order to support clinical options for safe and effective patient care and disease management.

Knowledge and use of workplace accommodations and protections by young adults with schizophrenia: a mixed method study.

PubMed

Gioia, Deborah; Brekke, John S

2003-01-01

Employment is an important outcome for individuals with schizophrenia and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a key structural variable designed to favorably influence work. Little is known about how individuals understand and utilize ADA rights. The purpose of this mixed method study was to elicit understanding of the knowledge and use of ADA provisions from 20 persons with schizophrenia who returned to work. Three distinct groups emerged. Group differences suggest that use of ADA provisions may be dependent on individual need and comfort with ADA opportunity.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report. Certificate Number: 920918S1. 11274 U.S. Navy Ada/M, Version 4.5 (/NO OPTIMIZE) VAX 8550/8600/8650 (Cluster) = Enhanced Processor (EP) AN/UYK-44 (Bare Board)

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-10-27

Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD USA 1 ELECTE I= 7 . PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(E JUN 3 1993U . , PERFORMING...Standard [Ada83) using the current Ada Compiler Validation Capability (ACVC). This Validation Summary Report ( VSR ) gives an account of the testing of... 7 - Control Part (Redirection) Options F.14 Compiler Options F-59 LINKER OPTIONS The linker options of this Ada implementation, as described inl this

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report. Certificate Number: 920918S1. 11273 U.S. Navy, Ada/M, Version 4.5 /OPTIMIZE) VAX 8550/8600/8650 (Cluster) = VHSIC Processor Module (VPM) AN/AYK-14 (Bare Board)

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-10-27

Module (VPM) AN/AYK-14 (Bare Board) (target), 920918S1.11273 6. AUTHOR(S) National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD USA 7 ...Validation Procedures (Pro90] against the Ada Standard (Ada83] using the current Ada Compiler Validation Capability (ACVC). This Validation Summary Report ( VSR ...l..V-20 => ’ $MAXLENINTBASEDLITERAL "-Ŗ:" & (l..V-5 1> 𔃺’) & ൓:" $MAXLENREALBASEDLITERAL ൘:" & (i..V- 7 => 𔃺’) & "F.E:" $MAXSTRINGLITERAL

Digital data sets that describe aquifer characteristics of the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer in east-central Oklahoma

USGS Publications Warehouse

Abbott, Marvin M.; Runkle, D.L.; Rea, Alan

1997-01-01

Nonproprietary format files This diskette contains digitized aquifer boundaries and maps of hydraulic conductivity, recharge, and ground-water level elevation contours for the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer in east-central Oklahoma. The Vamoosa-Ada aquifer is an important source of water that underlies about 2,320-square miles of parts of Osage, Pawnee, Payne, Creek, Lincoln, Okfuskee, and Seminole Counties. Approximately 75 percent of the water withdrawn from the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer is for municipal use. Rural domestic use and water for stock animals account for most of the remaining water withdrawn. The Vamoosa-Ada aquifer is defined in a ground-water report as consisting principally of the rocks of the Late Pennsylvanian-age Vamoosa Formation and overlying Ada Group. The Vamoosa-Ada aquifer consists of a complex sequence of fine- to very fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, shale, and conglomerate interbedded with very thin limestones. The water-yielding capabilities of the aquifer are generally controlled by lateral and vertical distribution of the sandstone beds and their physical characteristics. The Vamoosa-Ada aquifer is unconfined where it outcrops in about an 1,700-square-mile area. Most of the lines in the aquifer boundary, hydraulic conductivity, and recharge data sets were extracted from published digital surficial geology data sets based on a scale of 1:250,000, and represent geologic contacts. Some of lines in the data sets were interpolated in areas where the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer is overlain by alluvial and terrace deposits near streams and rivers. These data sets include only the outcrop area of the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer and where the aquifer is overlain by alluvial and terrace deposits. The hydraulic conductivity value and recharge rate are from a ground-water report about the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer. The water-level elevation contours were digitized from a mylar map, at a scale of 1:250,000, used to publish a plate in a ground-water report about the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer. The water-level elevation contours in this data set extend west of the aquifer outcrop area to areas where Vanoss Group rocks overlie the Ada Group. The data set also includes a water-level elevation contour for a terrace deposit east of the aquifer outcrop near the North Canadian River.

49 CFR 37.25 - University transportation systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false University transportation systems. 37.25 Section... INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Applicability § 37.25 University transportation systems. (a) Transportation services operated by private institutions of higher education are subject to the provisions of...

49 CFR 37.25 - University transportation systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false University transportation systems. 37.25 Section... INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Applicability § 37.25 University transportation systems. (a) Transportation services operated by private institutions of higher education are subject to the provisions of...

49 CFR 37.25 - University transportation systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false University transportation systems. 37.25 Section... INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Applicability § 37.25 University transportation systems. (a) Transportation services operated by private institutions of higher education are subject to the provisions of...

49 CFR 37.25 - University transportation systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false University transportation systems. 37.25 Section... INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Applicability § 37.25 University transportation systems. (a) Transportation services operated by private institutions of higher education are subject to the provisions of...

49 CFR 37.25 - University transportation systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false University transportation systems. 37.25 Section... INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Applicability § 37.25 University transportation systems. (a) Transportation services operated by private institutions of higher education are subject to the provisions of...

75 FR 66054 - Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in State and Local Government Services, Public...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-27

... Captioning and Video Description; and Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability by State and Local... San Francisco, CA, on a date to be announced in the near future on the ADA Home Page at http://www.ada... a location to be announced in the near future on the ADA Home Page at http://www.ada.gov . FOR...

Commentary: More implications of the 2008 amendments to the Americans with Disabilities Act: influencing institutional policies, practices, and procedures.

PubMed

DeLisa, Joel; Silverstein, Robert; Thomas, Peter

2011-06-01

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a civil rights law designed to ensure that qualified individuals with disabilities are not discriminated against by covered entities. Under the ADA, colleges of medicine were expected to focus their attention on implementing policies that facilitated equal educational opportunity, not on the threshold question of whether an individual was considered "disabled enough" to be protected by the law. In this issue, Allen and Smith examine the implications of the 2008 ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) for medical education, focusing on the potential for the ADAAA to eliminate the threshold question and allow individuals seeking protection to bring their cases to trial.The authors of this commentary argue that the ADAAA also has important implications for institutions like colleges of medicine and the National Board of Medical Examiners that must not be overlooked. The impact of the ADAAA on colleges of medicine will depend in large part on how they historically viewed their obligations under the ADA. Those institutions that focused on eliminating all vestiges of disability discrimination by implementing comprehensive, system-wide, evidence-based policies, practices, and procedures related to reasonable accommodations and academic modifications/adjustments will experience little or no impact under the ADAAA. Those colleges that attempted to avoid or minimize compliance with the ADA by focusing on whether an individual achieved sufficient disability status to be protected by the law will need to pay closer attention to the development and implementation of nondiscrimination policies, particularly policies relating to reasonable accommodations and academic modifications/adjustments.

E-ADA activity in lymphocytes of an experimental model of pythiosis treated with immunotherapy.

PubMed

Bach, Barbara Charlotte; Leal, Daniela Bitencourt Rosa; Jaques, Jeandre Augusto dos Santos; Souza, Viviane do Carmo Gonçalves; Ruchel, Jader Betsch; Schlemmer, Karine Bizzi; Zanette, Régis Adriel; Hecktheuer, Pedro Abib; de Lima Pereira, Patrique; Casali, Emerson André; Alves, Sydney Hartz; Santurio, Janio Morais

2013-08-01

Pythiosis is a life-threatening disease caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum. Some authors have suggested the involvement of a Th2-like immune response in the infected host, which leads to extensive tissue damage. The switch from a Th2 to a Th1 response pattern is one hypothesis to explain the curative properties of immunotherapy. Taking into account the importance of immunotherapy for pythiosis treatment and the contribution of adenine nucleotides in the immunoregulation of the host, we evaluated the ecto-adenosine deaminase (E-ADA; EC 3·5.4·4) activity in lymphocytes from rabbits inoculated with P. insidiosum. Rabbits were inoculated with 1 milliliter of zoospores subcutaneously injected into the lateral thorax; after developing lesions, the rabbits received eight doses of immunotherapy. E-ADA activity was measured in lymphocytes and the adenine nucleotides and adenosine levels were quantitatively determined in serum. Rabbits with characteristic lesions of pythiosis showed a decreased E-ADA activity (82·36%), a decreased adenosine triphosphate concentration (54·04%) and a higher adenosine concentration (2·51 fold), when compared with controls, after 28 days of inoculation. However, after the immunotherapy, the rabbits showed an increase in the E-ADA activity when compared with control (78·62%), contributing for the change in the immune response. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that the change from a Th2 to a Th1 immune response with the participation of the purinergic system could be responsible for the curative properties of immunotherapy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Tandem mass spectrometry, but not T-cell receptor excision circle analysis, identifies newborns with late-onset adenosine deaminase deficiency.

PubMed

la Marca, Giancarlo; Canessa, Clementina; Giocaliere, Elisa; Romano, Francesca; Duse, Marzia; Malvagia, Sabrina; Lippi, Francesca; Funghini, Silvia; Bianchi, Leila; Della Bona, Maria Luisa; Valleriani, Claudia; Ombrone, Daniela; Moriondo, Maria; Villanelli, Fabio; Speckmann, Carsten; Adams, Stuart; Gaspar, Bobby H; Hershfield, Michael; Santisteban, Ines; Fairbanks, Lynette; Ragusa, Giovanni; Resti, Massimo; de Martino, Maurizio; Guerrini, Renzo; Azzari, Chiara

2013-06-01

Adenosine deaminase (ADA)-severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is caused by genetic variants that disrupt the function of ADA. In its early-onset form, it is rapidly fatal to infants. Delayed or late-onset ADA-SCID is characterized by insidious progressive immunodeficiency that leads to permanent organ damage or death. Quantification of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) or tandem mass spectrometry (tandem-MS) analysis of dried blood spots (DBSs) collected at birth can identify newborns with early-onset ADA-SCID and are used in screening programs. However, it is not clear whether these analyses can identify newborns who will have delayed or late-onset ADA-SCID before symptoms appear. We performed a retrospective study to evaluate whether tandem-MS and quantitative TREC analyses of DBSs could identify newborns who had delayed-onset ADA-SCID later in life. We tested stored DBSs collected at birth from 3 patients with delayed-onset ADA-SCID using tandem-MS (PCT EP2010/070517) to evaluate levels of adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine and real-time PCR to quantify TREC levels. We also analyzed DBSs from 3 newborns with early-onset ADA-SCID and 2 healthy newborn carriers of ADA deficiency. The DBSs taken at birth from the 3 patients with delayed-onset ADA-SCID had adenosine levels of 10, 25, and 19 μmol/L (normal value, <1.5 μmol/L) and 2'-deoxyadenosine levels of 0.7, 2.7, and 2.4 μmol/L (normal value, <0.07 μmol/L); the mean levels of adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine were respectively 12.0- and 27.6-fold higher than normal values. DBSs taken at birth from all 3 patients with delayed-onset ADA deficiency had normal TREC levels, but TRECs were undetectable in blood samples taken from the same patients at the time of diagnosis. Tandem-MS but not TREC quantification identifies newborns with delayed- or late-onset ADA deficiency. Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Subunits of ADA-two-A-containing (ATAC) or Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltrasferase (SAGA) Coactivator Complexes Enhance the Acetyltransferase Activity of GCN5.

PubMed

Riss, Anne; Scheer, Elisabeth; Joint, Mathilde; Trowitzsch, Simon; Berger, Imre; Tora, László

2015-11-27

Histone acetyl transferases (HATs) play a crucial role in eukaryotes by regulating chromatin architecture and locus specific transcription. GCN5 (KAT2A) is a member of the GNAT (Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase) family of HATs. In metazoans this enzyme is found in two functionally distinct coactivator complexes, SAGA (Spt Ada Gcn5 acetyltransferase) and ATAC (Ada Two A-containing). These two multiprotein complexes comprise complex-specific and shared subunits, which are organized in functional modules. The HAT module of ATAC is composed of GCN5, ADA2a, ADA3, and SGF29, whereas in the SAGA HAT module ADA2b is present instead of ADA2a. To better understand how the activity of human (h) hGCN5 is regulated in the two related, but different, HAT complexes we carried out in vitro HAT assays. We compared the activity of hGCN5 alone with its activity when it was part of purified recombinant hATAC or hSAGA HAT modules or endogenous hATAC or hSAGA complexes using histone tail peptides and full-length histones as substrates. We demonstrated that the subunit environment of the HAT complexes into which GCN5 incorporates determines the enhancement of GCN5 activity. On histone peptides we show that all the tested GCN5-containing complexes acetylate mainly histone H3K14. Our results suggest a stronger influence of ADA2b as compared with ADA2a on the activity of GCN5. However, the lysine acetylation specificity of GCN5 on histone tails or full-length histones was not changed when incorporated in the HAT modules of ATAC or SAGA complexes. Our results thus demonstrate that the catalytic activity of GCN5 is stimulated by subunits of the ADA2a- or ADA2b-containing HAT modules and is further increased by incorporation of the distinct HAT modules in the ATAC or SAGA holo-complexes. © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

49 CFR 38.173 - Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems... DISABILITIES ACT (ADA) ACCESSIBILITY SPECIFICATIONS FOR TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES Other Vehicles and Systems § 38.173 Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems. (a) Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) vehicles and...

49 CFR 38.173 - Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems... DISABILITIES ACT (ADA) ACCESSIBILITY SPECIFICATIONS FOR TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES Other Vehicles and Systems § 38.173 Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems. (a) Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) vehicles and...

49 CFR 38.173 - Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems... DISABILITIES ACT (ADA) ACCESSIBILITY SPECIFICATIONS FOR TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES Other Vehicles and Systems § 38.173 Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems. (a) Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) vehicles and...

49 CFR 38.173 - Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems... DISABILITIES ACT (ADA) ACCESSIBILITY SPECIFICATIONS FOR TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES Other Vehicles and Systems § 38.173 Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems. (a) Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) vehicles and...

49 CFR 38.173 - Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems... DISABILITIES ACT (ADA) ACCESSIBILITY SPECIFICATIONS FOR TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES Other Vehicles and Systems § 38.173 Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems. (a) Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) vehicles and...

Supramolecular latching system based on ultrastable synthetic binding pairs as versatile tools for protein imaging.

PubMed

Kim, Kyung Lock; Sung, Gihyun; Sim, Jaehwan; Murray, James; Li, Meng; Lee, Ara; Shrinidhi, Annadka; Park, Kyeng Min; Kim, Kimoon

2018-04-27

Here we report ultrastable synthetic binding pairs between cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and adamantyl- (AdA) or ferrocenyl-ammonium (FcA) as a supramolecular latching system for protein imaging, overcoming the limitations of protein-based binding pairs. Cyanine 3-conjugated CB[7] (Cy3-CB[7]) can visualize AdA- or FcA-labeled proteins to provide clear fluorescence images for accurate and precise analysis of proteins. Furthermore, controllability of the system is demonstrated by treating with a stronger competitor guest. At low temperature, this allows us to selectively detach Cy3-CB[7] from guest-labeled proteins on the cell surface, while leaving Cy3-CB[7] latched to the cytosolic proteins for spatially conditional visualization of target proteins. This work represents a non-protein-based bioimaging tool which has inherent advantages over the widely used protein-based techniques, thereby demonstrating the great potential of this synthetic system.

Evaluating a Control System Architecture Based on a Formally Derived AOCS Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ilic, Dubravka; Latvala, Timo; Varpaaniemi, Kimmo; Vaisanen, Pauli; Troubitsyna, Elena; Laibinis, Linas

2010-08-01

Attitude & Orbit Control System (AOCS) refers to a wider class of control systems which are used to determine and control the attitude of the spacecraft while in orbit, based on the information obtained from various sensors. In this paper, we propose an approach to evaluate a typical (yet somewhat simplified) AOCS architecture using formal development - based on the Event-B method. As a starting point, an Ada specification of the AOCS is translated into a formal specification and further refined to incorporate all the details of its original source code specification. This way we are able not only to evaluate the Ada specification by expressing and verifying specific system properties in our formal models, but also to determine how well the chosen modelling framework copes with the level of detail required for an actual implementation and code generation from the derived models.

Rdesign: A data dictionary with relational database design capabilities in Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lekkos, Anthony A.; Kwok, Teresa Ting-Yin

1986-01-01

Data Dictionary is defined to be the set of all data attributes, which describe data objects in terms of their intrinsic attributes, such as name, type, size, format and definition. It is recognized as the data base for the Information Resource Management, to facilitate understanding and communication about the relationship between systems applications and systems data usage and to help assist in achieving data independence by permitting systems applications to access data knowledge of the location or storage characteristics of the data in the system. A research and development effort to use Ada has produced a data dictionary with data base design capabilities. This project supports data specification and analysis and offers a choice of the relational, network, and hierarchical model for logical data based design. It provides a highly integrated set of analysis and design transformation tools which range from templates for data element definition, spreadsheet for defining functional dependencies, normalization, to logical design generator.

Inducible repair of alkylated DNA in microorganisms.

PubMed

Mielecki, Damian; Wrzesiński, Michał; Grzesiuk, Elżbieta

2015-01-01

Alkylating agents, which are widespread in the environment, also occur endogenously as primary and secondary metabolites. Such compounds have intrinsically extremely cytotoxic and frequently mutagenic effects, to which organisms have developed resistance by evolving multiple repair mechanisms to protect cellular DNA. One such defense against alkylation lesions is an inducible Adaptive (Ada) response. In Escherichia coli, the Ada response enhances cell resistance by the biosynthesis of four proteins: Ada, AlkA, AlkB, and AidB. The glycosidic bonds of the most cytotoxic lesion, N3-methyladenine (3meA), together with N3-methylguanine (3meG), O(2)-methylthymine (O(2)-meT), and O(2)-methylcytosine (O(2)-meC), are cleaved by AlkA DNA glycosylase. Lesions such as N1-methyladenine (1meA) and N3-methylcytosine (3meC) are removed from DNA and RNA by AlkB dioxygenase. Cytotoxic and mutagenic O(6)-methylguanine (O(6)meG) is repaired by Ada DNA methyltransferase, which transfers the methyl group onto its own cysteine residue from the methylated oxygen. We review (i) the individual Ada proteins Ada, AlkA, AlkB, AidB, and COG3826, with emphasis on the ubiquitous and versatile AlkB and its prokaryotic and eukaryotic homologs; (ii) the organization of the Ada regulon in several bacterial species; (iii) the mechanisms underlying activation of Ada transcription. In vivo and in silico analysis of various microorganisms shows the widespread existence and versatile organization of Ada regulon genes, including not only ada, alkA, alkB, and aidB but also COG3826, alkD, and other genes whose roles in repair of alkylated DNA remain to be elucidated. This review explores the comparative organization of Ada response and protein functions among bacterial species beyond the classical E. coli model. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The histone acetyltransferase GCN5 and the transcriptional coactivator ADA2b affect leaf development and trichome morphogenesis in Arabidopsis.

PubMed

Kotak, Jenna; Saisana, Marina; Gegas, Vasilis; Pechlivani, Nikoletta; Kaldis, Athanasios; Papoutsoglou, Panagiotis; Makris, Athanasios; Burns, Julia; Kendig, Ashley L; Sheikh, Minnah; Kuschner, Cyrus E; Whitney, Gabrielle; Caiola, Hanna; Doonan, John H; Vlachonasios, Konstantinos E; McCain, Elizabeth R; Hark, Amy T

2018-05-30

The histone acetyltransferase GCN5 and associated transcriptional coactivator ADA2b are required to couple endoreduplication and trichome branching. Mutation of ADA2b also disrupts the relationship between ploidy and leaf cell size. Dynamic chromatin structure has been established as a general mechanism by which gene function is temporally and spatially regulated, but specific chromatin modifier function is less well understood. To address this question, we have investigated the role of the histone acetyltransferase GCN5 and the associated coactivator ADA2b in developmental events in Arabidopsis thaliana. Arabidopsis plants with T-DNA insertions in GCN5 (also known as HAG1) or ADA2b (also known as PROPORZ1) display pleiotropic phenotypes including dwarfism and floral defects affecting fertility. We undertook a detailed characterization of gcn5 and ada2b phenotypic effects in rosette leaves and trichomes to establish a role for epigenetic control in these developmental processes. ADA2b and GCN5 play specific roles in leaf tissue, affecting cell growth and division in rosette leaves often in complex and even opposite directions. Leaves of gcn5 plants display overall reduced ploidy levels, while ada2b-1 leaves show increased ploidy. Endoreduplication leading to increased ploidy is also known to contribute to normal trichome morphogenesis. We demonstrate that gcn5 and ada2b mutants display alterations in the number and patterning of trichome branches, with ada2b-1 and gcn5-1 trichomes being significantly less branched, while gcn5-6 trichomes show increased branching. Elongation of the trichome stalk and branches also vary in different mutant backgrounds, with stalk length having an inverse relationship with branch number. Taken together, our data indicate that, in Arabidopsis, leaves and trichomes ADA2b and GCN5 are required to couple nuclear content with cell growth and morphogenesis.

Changes in Adenosine Deaminase Activity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Effect of DPP-4 Inhibitor Treatment on ADA Activity.

PubMed

Lee, Jae-Geun; Kang, Dong Gu; Yu, Jung Re; Kim, Youngree; Kim, Jinsoek; Koh, Gwanpyo; Lee, Daeho

2011-04-01

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4, also known as CD26) binds with adenosine deaminase (ADA) to activate T lymphocytes. Here, we investigated whether ADA activity is specifically affected by treatment with DPP-4 inhibitor (DPP4I) compared with other anti-diabetic agents. Fasting ADA activity, in addition to various metabolic and biochemical parameters, were measured in 262 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients taking various anti-diabetic agents and in 46 non-diabetic control subjects. ADA activity was increased in T2DM patients compared with that in non-diabetic control subjects (mean±standard error, 23.1±0.6 U/L vs. 18.6±0.8 U/L; P<0.05). ADA activity was correlated with fasting plasma glucose (r=0.258, P<0.05), HbA1c (r=0.208, P<0.05), aspartate aminotransferase (r=0.325, P<0.05), and alanine aminotransferase (r=0.248, P<0.05). Compared with the well-controlled T2DM patients (HbA1c<7%), the poorly controlled group (HbA1c>9%) showed significantly increased ADA activity (21.1±0.8 U/L vs. 25.4±1.6 U/L; P<0.05). The effect of DPP4I on ADA activity in T2DM patients did not differ from those of other oral anti-diabetic agents or insulin. T2DM patients on metformin monotherapy showed a lower ADA activity (20.9±1.0 U/L vs. 28.1±2.8 U/L; P<0.05) compared with that of those on sulfonylurea monotherapy. Our results show that ADA activity is increased in T2DM patients compared to that in non-diabetic patients, is positively correlated with blood glucose level, and that DPP4I has no additional specific effect on ADA activity, except for a glycemic control- or HbA1c-dependent effect.

Intersection assistance: a safe solution for older drivers?

PubMed

Dotzauer, Mandy; Caljouw, Simone R; de Waard, Dick; Brouwer, Wiebo H

2013-10-01

Within the next few decades, the number of older drivers operating a vehicle will increase rapidly (Eurostat, 2011). As age increases so does physical vulnerability, age-related impairments, and the risk of being involved in a fatal crashes. Older drivers experience problems in driving situations that require divided attention and decision making under time pressure as reflected by their overrepresentation in at-fault crashes on intersections. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) especially designed to support older drivers crossing intersections might counteract these difficulties. In a longer-term driving simulator study, the effects of an intersection assistant on driving were evaluated. 18 older drivers (M=71.44 years) returned repeatedly completing a ride either with or without a support system in a driving simulator. In order to test the intersection assistance, eight intersections were depicted for further analyses. Results show that ADAS affects driving. Equipped with ADAS, drivers allocated more attention to the road center rather than the left and right, crossed intersections in shorter time, engaged in higher speeds, and crossed more often with a critical time-to-collision (TTC) value. The implications of results are discussed in terms of behavioral adaptation and safety. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gaskets for low-energy houses

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Harr, D.

1986-05-01

New materials and techniques make it easier to build today's tight, energy-efficient homes. One system that has won many converts recently is the airtight drywall approach (ADA). ADA relies heavily on the use of foam gasketing. In the ADA building system, nearly all joints--sill to foundation, band joist, wall plate to subfloor, and drywall to frame-are gasketed with foam tapes. The combination of gaskets, drywall, and caulk creates an airtight envelope. Foam gasketing tape is well suited from many of these joints because it is clean, economical, and easy to apply. The right gasket will maintain the seal even ifmore » the joint moves, and won't squeeze out of the joint under compression. Caulk, on the other hand, is messy, hard to apply, and squeezes out of the joint under compression. Saturated urethanes are elastic sealants that always recover, even after being completely compressed. Some saturated urethanes recover faster than others, depending on what saturant is used, but all exert a force to recover because they are urethanes. In the construction industry, where gaskets are likely to be buried permanently within the framework, saturated urethane foam gaskets really make sense.« less

Simultaneous quantification of adalimumab and infliximab in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Jourdil, Jean-François; Némoz, Benjamin; Gautier-Veyret, Elodie; Romero, Charlotte; Stanke-Labesque, Françoise

2018-03-30

Adalimumab (ADA) and infliximab (IFX) are therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (TMabs) targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). They are used to treat inflammatory diseases. Clinical trials have suggested that therapeutic drug monitoring for ADA or IFX could improve treatment response and cost-effectiveness. However, ADA and IFX were quantified by ELISA in all these studies, and the discrepancies between the results obtained raise questions about their reliability.We describe here the validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of ADA and IFX in human samples. Full-length antibodies labeled with stable isotopes were added to plasma samples as an internal standard. Samples were then prepared using Mass Spectrometry Immuno Assay (MSIA) followed by trypsin digestion prior ADA and IFX quantification by LC-MS/MS.ADA and IFX were quantified in serum from patients treated with ADA (n=21) or IFX (n=22), and the concentrations obtained were compared with those obtained with a commercial ELISA kit. The chromatography run lasted 8.6 minutes and the quantification range was 1 to 26 mg/L. The method was reproducible, repeatable and accurate. For both levels of internal quality control, for ADA and IFX inter and intra-day coefficients of variation and accuracies were all within 15%, in accordance with FDA recommendations. No significant cross-contamination effect was noted.Good agreement was found between LC-MS/MS and ELISA results, for both ADA and IFX. This LC-MS/MS method can be used for the quantification of ADA and IFX in a single analytical run and for the optimization of LC-MS/MS resource use in clinical pharmacology laboratories.