77 FR 42696 - Notice of New Fee Sites; Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act, (Title VIII, Pub. L. 108-447)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-20

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Notice of New Fee Sites; Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act, (Title VIII, Pub. L. 108-447) AGENCY: Kootenai National Forest, Forest Service, USDA. ACTION... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Federal Recreation Lands Enhancement Act (Title VII, Pub. L. 108-447) directed...

78 FR 77488 - Notice of Realty Action: Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification of Public Land in...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-23

... laws. 5. The above described land has been used for solid waste disposal. Solid waste commonly includes... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Land Management [LLNML00000 L14300000.FR0000 NMNM 037574] Notice of Realty Action: Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification of Public Land in Sierra...

78 FR 24230 - Notice of Realty Action: Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification of Public Lands in...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-24

... Sweetwater County, Wyoming. The Sweetwater County Solid Waste District 2 (SCSWD2) proposes to use the land as... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Land Management [LLWY920000.L14300000.FR0000; WYW-81394] Notice of Realty Action: Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification of Public Lands in Sweetwater...

Peoples, Resources, and Lifestyles: The Hopi-Navajo Land Partition Act of 1974.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodman, James M.

The Hopi and Navajo tribes have been engaged in a long and complex land dispute within the 1882 Executive Order Area (Joint Use Area) of Arizona, an area recently redefined via the Partition Act of 1974 which calls for the relocation of 5 to 10,000 Navajos. This rearrangement of political domain threatens to influence the future management and…

78 FR 42486 - Notice of New Recreation Fees; Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act, (Title VIII, Pub. L. 108...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-16

... New Recreation Fees; Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act, (Title VIII, Pub. L. 108-447) AGENCY... Enhancement Act (Title VII, Pub. L. 108-447) directed the Secretary of Agriculture to publish a six month...

75 FR 26196 - Notice of Proposed New Recreation Fee Site; Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act, (Title VIII...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-11

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Notice of Proposed New Recreation Fee Site; Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act, (Title VIII, Pub. L. 108-447) AGENCY: National Forests in Mississippi, Forest... Enhancement Act (Title VII, Pub. L. 108-447) directed the Secretary of Agriculture to publish advance notice...

75 FR 1333 - Notice of New Fee Site; Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act (Title VIII, Pub. L. 108-447)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-11

... New Fee Site; Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act (Title VIII, Pub. L. 108-447) AGENCY: Forest... Recreation Enhancement Act (Title VIII, Pub. L. 108-447) directed the Secretary of Agriculture to publish a...

78 FR 52499 - Notice of New Fee Site; Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act, (Title VIII, Pub. L. 108-447)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-23

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Notice of New Fee Site; Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act, (Title VIII, Pub. L. 108-447) AGENCY: Monongahela National Forest, Forest Service, USDA... Act (Title VII, Pub. L. 108-447) directed the Secretary of Agriculture to publish a six month advance...

Scofield Land Transfer Act

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Sen. Hatch, Orrin G. [R-UT

2012-02-01

Senate - 03/22/2012 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Public Lands and Forests. Hearings held. With printed Hearing: S.Hrg. 112-642. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

76 FR 36518 - Notice of Meeting; Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act (Title VIII, Pub. L. 108-447)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-22

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Notice of Meeting; Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act (Title VIII, Pub. L. 108-447) AGENCY: Rocky Mountain Region, USDA Forest Service. ACTION: Notice of Meeting. SUMMARY: The Colorado Recreation Resource Advisory Committee will tentatively meet in...

75 FR 30366 - Notice of Meeting; Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act (Title VIII, Pub. L. 108-447)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-01

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Notice of Meeting; Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act (Title VIII, Pub. L. 108-447) AGENCY: Pacific Southwest Region, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. ACTION: Notice of meeting. SUMMARY: The Pacific Southwest Recreation Resource Advisory Committee...

75 FR 1749 - Notice of Meeting; Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act (Title VIII, Pub. L. 108-447)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-13

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Notice of Meeting; Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act (Title VIII, Pub. L. 108-447) AGENCY: Pacific Northwest Region, Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice of Meeting. SUMMARY: The Pacific Northwest Recreation Resource Advisory Committee will meet via a...

Pleistocene land bridges act as semipermeable agents of avian gene flow in Wallacea.

PubMed

Garg, Kritika M; Chattopadhyay, Balaji; Wilton, Peter R; Malia Prawiradilaga, Dewi; Rheindt, Frank E

2018-08-01

Cyclical periods of global cooling have been important drivers of biotic differentiation throughout the Quaternary. Ice age-induced sea level fluctuations can lead to changing patterns of land connections, both facilitating and disrupting gene flow. In this study, we test if species with differing life histories are differentially affected by Quaternary land connections. We used genome-wide SNPs in combination with mitochondrial gene sequences to analyse levels of divergence and gene flow between two songbird complexes across two Wallacean islands that have been repeatedly connected during glaciations. Although the two bird complexes are similar in ecological attributes, the forest and edge-inhabiting golden whistler Pachycephala pectoralis is comparatively flexible in its diet and niche requirements as compared to the henna-tailed jungle-flycatcher Cyornis colonus, which is largely restricted to the forest interior. Using population-genomic and coalescent approaches, we estimated levels of gene flow, population differentiation and divergence time between the two island populations. We observed higher levels of differentiation, an approximately two to four times deeper divergence time and near-zero levels of gene flow between the two island populations of the more forest-dependent henna-tailed jungle-flycatcher as compared to the more generalist golden whistler. Our results suggest that Quaternary land bridges act as semipermeable agents of gene flow in Wallacea, allowing only certain taxa to connect between islands while others remain isolated. Quaternary land bridges do not accommodate all terrestrial species equally, differing in suitability according to life history and species biology. More generalist species are likely to use Quaternary land connections as a conduit for gene flow between islands whereas island populations of more specialist species may continue to be reproductively isolated even during periods of Quaternary land bridges. Copyright © 2018

18 CFR 367.3890 - Account 389, Land and land rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 389, Land and land rights. 367.3890 Section 367.3890 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY... GAS ACT Service Company Property Chart of Accounts § 367.3890 Account 389, Land and land rights. This...

18 CFR 367.3890 - Account 389, Land and land rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Account 389, Land and land rights. 367.3890 Section 367.3890 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY... GAS ACT Service Company Property Chart of Accounts § 367.3890 Account 389, Land and land rights. This...

Deafy Glade Land Exchange Act

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA

2009-08-04

Senate - 04/28/2010 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Public Lands and Forests. Hearings held. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Oregon Coastal Land Conveyance Act

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR

2013-07-31

Senate - 11/20/2013 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining. Hearings held. With printed Hearing: S.Hrg. 113-342. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Bountiful City Land Consolidation Act

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Bishop, Rob [R-UT-1

2009-01-16

House - 02/04/2009 Referred to the Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests and Public Lands. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see H.R.146, which became Public Law 111-11 on 3/30/2009. Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

43 CFR 2610.0-8 - Lands subject to application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Lands subject to application. 2610.0-8 Section 2610.0-8 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) CAREY ACT GRANTS Carey Act Grants...

Fruit Heights Land Conveyance Act

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Rep. Bishop, Rob [R-UT-1

2013-03-06

Senate - 07/30/2013 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining. Hearings held. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see H.R.3979, which became Public Law 113-291 on 12/19/2014. Tracker: This bill has the status Passed HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

43 CFR 2611.1-5 - Priority of Carey Act applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Priority of Carey Act applications. 2611.1... LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) CAREY ACT GRANTS Segregation Under the Carey Act: Procedures § 2611.1-5 Priority of Carey Act applications. Properly filed...

Fruit Heights Land Conveyance Act

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Sen. Hatch, Orrin G. [R-UT

2013-03-07

Senate - 07/30/2013 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining. Hearings held. With printed Hearing: S.Hrg. 113-85. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see H.R.3979, which became Public Law 113-291 on 12/19/2014. Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Energy transport corridors: the potential role of Federal lands in states identified by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, section 368(b).

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krummel, J.; Hlohowskyj, I.; Kuiper, J.

2011-09-01

On August 8, 2005, the President signed the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct) into law. In Subtitle F of EPAct, Congress set forth various provisions that would change the way certain federal agencies (Agencies) coordinate to authorize the use of land for a variety of energy-related purposes. As part of Subtitle F of EPAct, Section 368 addresses the issue of energy transportation corridors on federal land for oil, gas, and hydrogen pipelines, as well as electricity transmission and distribution facilities. Because of the critical importance of improving the nation's electrical transmission grid, Congress recognized that electricity transmission issues shouldmore » receive added attention when the Agencies address corridor location and analysis issues. In Section 368, Congress specifically directed the Agencies to consider the need for upgraded and new facilities to deliver electricity: In carrying out [Section 368], the Secretaries shall take into account the need for upgraded and new electricity transmission and distribution facilities to (1) improve reliability; (2) relieve congestion; and (3) enhance capability of the national grid to deliver electricity. Section 368 does not require the Agencies to consider or approve specific projects, applications for rights-of-way (ROWs), or other permits within designated energy corridors. Importantly, Section 368 does not direct, license, or otherwise permit any on-the-ground activity of any sort. If an applicant is interested in obtaining an authorization to develop a project within any corridor designated under Section 368, the applicant would have to apply for a ROW authorization and applicable permits. The Agencies would consider each application by applying appropriate project-specific reviews under requirements of laws and related regulations, including, but not limited to, the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the Clean Water Act, the Clean Air Act, Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA), and

43 CFR 2611.3 - Rights-of-way over other public lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) CAREY ACT GRANTS Segregation Under the Carey Act: Procedures § 2611.3 Rights-of-way over other public lands. When the canals... public lands not applied for by the State under the Carey Act, an application for right-of-way over such...

43 CFR 2.222 - Records subject to Privacy Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Records subject to Privacy Act. 2.222 Section 2.222 Public Lands: Interior Office of the Secretary of the Interior FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT; RECORDS AND TESTIMONY Privacy Act § 2.222 Records subject to Privacy Act. The Privacy Act applies to all...

43 CFR 2.47 - Records subject to Privacy Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Records subject to Privacy Act. 2.47 Section 2.47 Public Lands: Interior Office of the Secretary of the Interior RECORDS AND TESTIMONY; FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT Privacy Act § 2.47 Records subject to Privacy Act. The Privacy Act applies to all...

43 CFR 2.47 - Records subject to Privacy Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Records subject to Privacy Act. 2.47 Section 2.47 Public Lands: Interior Office of the Secretary of the Interior RECORDS AND TESTIMONY; FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT Privacy Act § 2.47 Records subject to Privacy Act. The Privacy Act applies to all...

43 CFR 2.222 - Records subject to Privacy Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Records subject to Privacy Act. 2.222 Section 2.222 Public Lands: Interior Office of the Secretary of the Interior FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT; RECORDS AND TESTIMONY Privacy Act § 2.222 Records subject to Privacy Act. The Privacy Act applies to all...

43 CFR 2.47 - Records subject to Privacy Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Records subject to Privacy Act. 2.47 Section 2.47 Public Lands: Interior Office of the Secretary of the Interior RECORDS AND TESTIMONY; FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT Privacy Act § 2.47 Records subject to Privacy Act. The Privacy Act applies to all...

Mesquite Land Conveyances Act of 2011

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Sen. Heller, Dean [R-NV

2011-08-02

Senate - 03/22/2012 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Public Lands and Forests. Hearings held. With printed Hearing: S.Hrg. 112-642. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Box Elder Utah Land Conveyance Act

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Sen. Bennett, Robert F. [R-UT

2009-07-30

Senate - 04/21/2010 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Senate Subcommittee on Public Lands and Forests. Hearings held. With printed Hearing: S.Hrg. 111-566. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

[Synthesis of strontium-containing porous hydroxyaptite ceramics and study of its biological properties].

PubMed

Zou, Wen; Ran, Xu; Liang, Jie; Chen, Hezhong; Luo, Jiaoming

2012-12-01

Strontium added into porous hydroxyaptite ceramics has the functions of improving its osseointegration, decreasing its dissolution rate and improving the bone density. Strontium-containing hydroxyaptite (Sr-HA) ceramics has been used as bone replacement and scaffold to treat the osteoporosis and bone default in clinic, but the mechanism of interfacial tissue response caused by the trace element Sr in Sr-HA ceramics still remains to be further studied. Four types of Sr-HA ceramic samples with different contents of Sr were prepared by microwave plasma sintering for testing the response of the soft tissue implanted in dog muscles in our laboratory. The contents of Sr element in the samples are 0 mol%, 1 mol%, 5 mol%, and 7 mol%, respectively. The samples were implanted in the muscle of the dogs for 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks, respectively. The histological observations at the end of each period showed that the irritant ranking increased with the content of Sr in Sr-HA ceramics at the end of 12 weeks, and there were rich bone tissue in Sr-HA ceramic samples with 5 mol% Sr element. The overdose of element Sr is harmful to soft tissues. When the content of Sr in Sr-HA ceramic was below 5 mol%, the soft tissue response was very slight and the new bones were induced to grow well.

Inyo National Forest Land Exchange Act

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA

2013-12-20

Senate - 07/30/2014 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Senate Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining. Hearings held. With printed Hearing: S.Hrg. 113-433. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

43 CFR 2522.1 - General acts authorizing extensions of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES... of time for the submission of final proof by a desert-land claimant. Said Acts are the following... making desert-land proofs were authorized by the Acts of June 16, 1933 (48 Stat. 274; 43 U.S.C. 256a...

43 CFR 2522.1 - General acts authorizing extensions of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES... of time for the submission of final proof by a desert-land claimant. Said Acts are the following... making desert-land proofs were authorized by the Acts of June 16, 1933 (48 Stat. 274; 43 U.S.C. 256a...

43 CFR 2522.1 - General acts authorizing extensions of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES... of time for the submission of final proof by a desert-land claimant. Said Acts are the following... making desert-land proofs were authorized by the Acts of June 16, 1933 (48 Stat. 274; 43 U.S.C. 256a...

43 CFR 2522.1 - General acts authorizing extensions of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES... of time for the submission of final proof by a desert-land claimant. Said Acts are the following... making desert-land proofs were authorized by the Acts of June 16, 1933 (48 Stat. 274; 43 U.S.C. 256a...

43 CFR 2091.4-3 - Segregation and opening: Carey Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Segregation and opening: Carey Act. 2091.4-3 Section 2091.4-3 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF... Segregation and Opening of Lands § 2091.4-3 Segregation and opening: Carey Act. (a) For lands covered by a...

The Land-Grant Tradition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges, 2008

2008-01-01

This document provides an overview and history of the land-grant system, as well as copies of the original and amended legislation affecting the land-grant colleges. Land-grant colleges or universities have been designated by their state legislatures or Congress to receive the benefits of the Morrill Acts of 1862, 1890 and 1994. The original…

Chemical composition, crystal size and lattice structural changes after incorporation of strontium into biomimetic apatite.

PubMed

Li, Z Y; Lam, W M; Yang, C; Xu, B; Ni, G X; Abbah, S A; Cheung, K M C; Luk, K D K; Lu, W W

2007-03-01

Recently, strontium (Sr) as ranelate compound has become increasingly popular in the treatment of osteoporosis. However, the lattice structure of bone crystal after Sr incorporation is yet to be extensively reported. In this study, we synthesized strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite (Sr-HA) with different Sr content (0.3%, 1.5% and 15% Sr-HA in mole ratio) to simulate bone crystals incorporated with Sr. The changes in chemical composition and lattice structure of apetite after synthetic incorporation of Sr were evaluated to gain insight into bone crystal changes after incorporation of Sr. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed that 0.3% and 1.5% Sr-HA exhibited single phase spectrum, which was similar to that of HA. However, 15% Sr-HA induced the incorporation of HPO4(2-) and more CO3(2-), the crystallinity reduced dramatically. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the crystal length and width of 0.3% and 1.5% Sr-HA increased slightly. Meanwhile, the length and width distribution were broadened and the aspect ratio decreased from 10.68+/-4.00 to 7.28+/-2.80. The crystal size and crystallinity of 15% Sr-HA dropped rapidly, which may suggest that the fundamental crystal structure is changed. The findings from this work indicate that current clinical dosage which usually results in Sr incorporation of below 1.5% may not change chemical composition and lattice structure of bone, while it will broaden the bone crystal size distribution and strengthen the bone.

43 CFR 9212.1 - Prohibited acts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Prohibited acts. 9212.1 Section 9212.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TECHNICAL SERVICES (9000) FIRE MANAGEMENT Wildfire Prevention § 9212.1 Prohibited...

43 CFR 9212.1 - Prohibited acts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Prohibited acts. 9212.1 Section 9212.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TECHNICAL SERVICES (9000) FIRE MANAGEMENT Wildfire Prevention § 9212.1 Prohibited...

43 CFR 9212.1 - Prohibited acts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Prohibited acts. 9212.1 Section 9212.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TECHNICAL SERVICES (9000) FIRE MANAGEMENT Wildfire Prevention § 9212.1 Prohibited...

43 CFR 9212.1 - Prohibited acts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Prohibited acts. 9212.1 Section 9212.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TECHNICAL SERVICES (9000) FIRE MANAGEMENT Wildfire Prevention § 9212.1 Prohibited...

43 CFR 4770.1 - Prohibited acts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Prohibited acts. 4770.1 Section 4770.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR RANGE MANAGEMENT (4000) PROTECTION, MANAGEMENT, AND CONTROL OF WILD FREE-ROAMING...

43 CFR 4770.1 - Prohibited acts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Prohibited acts. 4770.1 Section 4770.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR RANGE MANAGEMENT (4000) PROTECTION, MANAGEMENT, AND CONTROL OF WILD FREE-ROAMING...

43 CFR 4770.1 - Prohibited acts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Prohibited acts. 4770.1 Section 4770.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR RANGE MANAGEMENT (4000) PROTECTION, MANAGEMENT, AND CONTROL OF WILD FREE-ROAMING...

43 CFR 4770.1 - Prohibited acts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Prohibited acts. 4770.1 Section 4770.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR RANGE MANAGEMENT (4000) PROTECTION, MANAGEMENT, AND CONTROL OF WILD FREE-ROAMING...

School District 318 Land Exchange Act

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Sen. Franken, Al [D-MN

2014-03-12

Senate - 07/30/2014 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Senate Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining. Hearings held. With printed Hearing: S.Hrg. 113-433. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see H.R.3979, which became Public Law 113-291 on 12/19/2014. Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Book review: Inside the Equal Access to Justice Act: Environmental litigation and the crippling battle over America's lands, endangered species, and critical habitats

USGS Publications Warehouse

Organ, John F.

2016-01-01

Review info:  Inside the equal access to justice act: Environmental litigation and the crippling battle over America's lands, endangered species, and critical habitats. By Lowell E. Baier, 2016. ISBN: 978-1442257443, 678 pp.

Mohave Valley Land Conveyance Act of 2010

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Sen. McCain, John [R-AZ

2010-07-12

Senate - 09/29/2010 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Public Lands and Forests. Hearings held. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

77 FR 46112 - Public Land Order No. 7793; Partial Revocation of Public Land Order No. 1535; South Dakota

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-02

... business hours. The FIRS is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, to leave a message or question with... Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, 43 U.S.C. 1714, it is ordered as follows: 1. The withdrawal... Exchange Act of March 20, 1922, (16 U.S.C. 485), as amended, and Section 206 of the Federal Land Policy and...

Canyon Mountain Land Conveyance Act of 2013

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR

2013-07-31

Senate - 11/20/2013 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining. Hearings held. With printed Hearing: S.Hrg. 113-342. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Public Lands Service Corps Act of 2009

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Sen. Bingaman, Jeff [D-NM

2009-07-10

Senate - 10/29/2009 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Public Lands and Forests. Hearings held. With printed Hearing: S.Hrg. 111-223. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Southeast Alaska Native Land Entitlement Finalization Act

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Sen. Murkowski, Lisa [R-AK

2009-04-23

Senate - 10/08/2009 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Public Lands and Forests. Hearings held. With printed Hearing: S.Hrg. 111-285. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Idaho County Shooting Range Land Conveyance Act

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Sen. Risch, James E. [R-ID

2014-07-16

Senate - 07/30/2014 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Senate Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining. Hearings held. With printed Hearing: S.Hrg. 113-433. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Bone integration capability of a series of strontium-containing hydroxyapatite coatings formed by micro-arc oxidation.

PubMed

Yan, Jun; Sun, Ji-Feng; Chu, Paul K; Han, Yong; Zhang, Yu-Mei

2013-09-01

Strontium-containing hydroxyapatites (Sr-HA) combine the desirable bone regenerative properties of hydroxyapatites (HA) with anabolic and anti-catabolic effects of strontium cations. In the present work, a series of Sr(y)HA [Sr(y)Ca(10-y)(PO4)6(OH)2; y = 0, 0.5, 1, 2] coatings on titanium are produced by micro-arc oxidation (MAO), and the effects of the in vivo osseointegration ability of the coatings are investigated by using a rabbit model. All samples are subjected to biomechanical, surface elemental, micro-CT and histological analysis after 4 and 12 weeks of healing. The obtained results show that the MAO-formed coatings exhibit a microporous network structure composed of Sr(y)HA/Sr(y)HA-Sr(x)Ca(1-x)TiO3/Sr(x)Ca(1-x)TiO3-TiO2 multilayers, in which the outer Sr(y)HA and intermediate Sr(y)HA-Sr(x)Ca(1-x)TiO3 layers have a nanocrystalline structure. All Sr-HA coated implants induce marked improvements in the behavior of bone formation, quantity and quality of bone tissue around the implants than the control HA implant and in particular, the 20%Sr-HA coating promotes early bone formation as identified by polyfluorochrome sequential labeling. The bone-to-implant contact is increased by 46% (p < 0.05) and the pull-out strength is increased by 103% over the HA group (p < 0.01). Extensive areas of mineralized tissue densely deposit on the 20%Sr-HA coating after biomechanical testing, and the greatest improvement of bone microarchitecture are observed around the 20%Sr-HA implant. The identified biological parameters successfully demonstrate the osteoconductivity of 20%Sr-HA surfaces, which results not only in an acceleration but also an improvement of bone-implant integration. The study demonstrates the immense potential of 20%Sr-HA coatings in dental and orthopedic applications. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

50 CFR 80.20 - Land control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Land control. 80.20 Section 80.20 Wildlife... WILDLIFE RESTORATION AND DINGELL-JOHNSON SPORT FISH RESTORATION ACTS § 80.20 Land control. The State must control lands or waters on which capital improvements are made with Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration...

43 CFR 2522.5 - Act of February 25, 1925.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Act of February 25, 1925. 2522.5 Section 2522.5 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Extensions of Time...

43 CFR 2522.5 - Act of February 25, 1925.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Act of February 25, 1925. 2522.5 Section 2522.5 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Extensions of Time...

43 CFR 2522.5 - Act of February 25, 1925.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Act of February 25, 1925. 2522.5 Section 2522.5 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Extensions of Time...

43 CFR 2522.5 - Act of February 25, 1925.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Act of February 25, 1925. 2522.5 Section 2522.5 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Extensions of Time...

An Impulse-Momentum Method for Calculating Landing-Gear Contact Conditions in Eccentric Landings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yntema, Robert T; Milwitzky, Benjamin

1952-01-01

An impulse-momentum method for determining impact conditions for landing gears in eccentric landings is presented. The analysis is primarily concerned with the determination of contact velocities for impacts subsequent to initial touchdown in eccentric landings and with the determination of the effective mass acting on each landing gear. These parameters determine the energy-absorption requirements for the landing gear and, in conjunction with the particular characteristics of the landing gear, govern the magnitude of the ground loads. Changes in airplane angular and linear velocities and the magnitude of landing-gear vertical, drag, and side impulses resulting from a landing impact are determined by means of impulse-momentum relationships without the necessity for considering detailed force-time variations. The effective mass acting on each gear is also determined from the calculated landing-gear impulses. General equations applicable to any type of eccentric landing are written and solutions are obtained for the particular cases of an impact on one gear, a simultaneous impact on any two gears, and a symmetrical impact. In addition a solution is presented for a simplified two-degree-of-freedom system which allows rapid qualitative evaluation of the effects of certain principal parameters. The general analysis permits evaluation of the importance of such initial conditions at ground contact as vertical, horizontal, and side drift velocities, wing lift, roll and pitch angles, and rolling and pitching velocities, as well as the effects of such factors as landing gear location, airplane inertia, landing-gear length, energy-absorption efficiency, and wheel angular inertia on the severity of landing impacts. -A brief supplementary study which permits a limited evaluation of variable aerodynamic effects neglected in the analysis is presented in the appendix. Application of the analysis indicates that landing-gear impacts in eccentric landings can be appreciably more

43 CFR 2710.0-8 - Lands subject to sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Lands subject to sale. 2710.0-8 Section... MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) SALES: FEDERAL LAND POLICY AND MANAGEMENT ACT Sales: General Provisions § 2710.0-8 Lands subject to sale. (a) All public lands, as defined...

43 CFR 2710.0-8 - Lands subject to sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Lands subject to sale. 2710.0-8 Section... MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) SALES: FEDERAL LAND POLICY AND MANAGEMENT ACT Sales: General Provisions § 2710.0-8 Lands subject to sale. (a) All public lands, as defined...

43 CFR 2710.0-8 - Lands subject to sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Lands subject to sale. 2710.0-8 Section... MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) SALES: FEDERAL LAND POLICY AND MANAGEMENT ACT Sales: General Provisions § 2710.0-8 Lands subject to sale. (a) All public lands, as defined...

Strontium-doped hydroxyapatite polysaccharide materials effect on ectopic bone formation

PubMed Central

Aid-Launais, R.; Sagardoy, T.; Siadous, R.; Bareille, R.; Rey, S.; Pechev, S.; Etienne, L.; Kalisky, J.; de Mones, E.; Letourneur, D.; Amedee Vilamitjana, J.

2017-01-01

Previous studies performed using polysaccharide-based matrices supplemented with hydroxyapatite (HA) particles showed their ability to form in subcutaneous and intramuscular sites a mineralized and osteoid tissue. Our objectives are to optimize the HA content in the matrix and to test the combination of HA with strontium (Sr-HA) to increase the matrix bioactivity. First, non-doped Sr-HA powders were combined to the matrix at three different ratios and were implanted subcutaneously for 2 and 4 weeks. Interestingly, matrices showed radiolucent properties before implantation. Quantitative analysis of micro-CT data evidenced a significant increase of mineralized tissue formed ectopically with time of implantation and allowed us to select the best ratio of HA to polysaccharides of 30% (w/w). Then, two Sr-substitution of 8% and 50% were incorporated in the HA powders (8Sr-HA and 50Sr-HA). Both Sr-HA were chemically characterized and dispersed in matrices. In vitro studies performed with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) demonstrated the absence of cytotoxicity of the Sr-doped matrices whatever the amount of incorporated Sr. They also supported osteoblastic differentiation and activated the expression of one late osteoblastic marker involved in the mineralization process i.e. osteopontin. In vivo, subcutaneous implantation of these Sr-doped matrices induced osteoid tissue and blood vessels formation. PMID:28910401

43 CFR 2522.3 - Act of March 28, 1908.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Act of March 28, 1908. 2522.3 Section 2522.3 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Extensions of Time To Make...

43 CFR 2522.4 - Act of April 30, 1912.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Act of April 30, 1912. 2522.4 Section 2522.4 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Extensions of Time To Make...

43 CFR 2522.3 - Act of March 28, 1908.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Act of March 28, 1908. 2522.3 Section 2522.3 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Extensions of Time To Make...

43 CFR 2522.3 - Act of March 28, 1908.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Act of March 28, 1908. 2522.3 Section 2522.3 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Extensions of Time To Make...

43 CFR 2522.3 - Act of March 28, 1908.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Act of March 28, 1908. 2522.3 Section 2522.3 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Extensions of Time To Make...

43 CFR 2611.1-2 - Determination of suitability and availability of lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) CAREY ACT GRANTS Segregation Under the Carey Act: Procedures § 2611.1-2 Determination of suitability and... agricultural development under the Carey Act utilizing the criteria and procedures in part 2400 of this title. ...

43 CFR 7.35 - Permitting procedures for Indian lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Permitting procedures for Indian lands. 7... Indian lands. (a) If the lands involved in a permit application are Indian lands, the consent of the appropriate Indian tribal authority or individual Indian landowner is required by the Act and these...

43 CFR 7.35 - Permitting procedures for Indian lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Permitting procedures for Indian lands. 7... Indian lands. (a) If the lands involved in a permit application are Indian lands, the consent of the appropriate Indian tribal authority or individual Indian landowner is required by the Act and these...

43 CFR 7.35 - Permitting procedures for Indian lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Permitting procedures for Indian lands. 7... Indian lands. (a) If the lands involved in a permit application are Indian lands, the consent of the appropriate Indian tribal authority or individual Indian landowner is required by the Act and these...

43 CFR 7.35 - Permitting procedures for Indian lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Permitting procedures for Indian lands. 7... Indian lands. (a) If the lands involved in a permit application are Indian lands, the consent of the appropriate Indian tribal authority or individual Indian landowner is required by the Act and these...

18 CFR 11.2 - Use of government lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Use of government lands... ACT Charges for Costs of Administration, Use of Tribal Lands and Other Government Lands, and Use of Government Dams § 11.2 Use of government lands. (a) Reasonable annual charges for recompensing the United...

Future Land Use Planning Alternatives for Alaska: One of a Series of Articles on the Native Land Claims.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parker, Walter B.

As one in a series of eight articles written by different professionals concerned with Alaska Native land claims, this article focuses on land use planning alternatives after December of 1976 when the configuration of Alaska lands will have been largely finalized under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1972. While this particular booklet…

Environmental analysis for development planning in Chambers County, Texas, land use policy component, interim summary of federal influence over land use

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mixon, J.

1973-11-21

This summary covers major Federal programs that affect land use and indicates some of the influence which these programs may have on Chambers County, Texas. The first part is divided into specific areas of study and includes the history of Federal assistance programs to date. These areas are housing and urban development, the Rural Development Act of 1972, transportation, mass transit, energy, air pollution controls, the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969; power plant siting, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Coastal Zone Management (CZM), the National Land Use Policy (NLUP) and Planning Assistance Act, and the interrelation of EPA, CZM,more » and NLUP. The second part deals with constitutional power in relation to transportation, housing and slum clearance, urban renewal, Federal assistance for new communities and open space acquisition, the Rural Development Act of 1972, the EPA, CZM, NLUP and Planning Assistance Act, and power plant siting bills. Included are the legislative history of these land use acts and their actual terminology, control and enforcement procedures and research and developing funding. Specific references to Texas, and especially Chambers County, in relation to these programs are made throughout the report.« less

Spatially resolved hazard and exposure assessments: an example of lead in soil at Lavrion, Greece.

PubMed

Tristán, E; Demetriades, A; Ramsey, M H; Rosenbaum, M S; Stavrakis, P; Thornton, I; Vassiliades, E; Vergou, K

2000-01-01

Spatially resolved hazard assessment (SRHA) and spatially resolved exposure assessment (SREA) are methodologies that have been devised for assessing child exposure to soil containing environmental pollutants. These are based on either a quantitative or a semiquantitative approach. The feasibility of the methodologies has been demonstrated in a study assessing child exposure to Pb accessible in soil at the town of Lavrion in Greece. Using a quantitative approach, both measured and kriged concentrations of Pb in soil are compared with an "established" statutory threshold value. The probabilistic approach gives a refined classification of the contaminated land, since it takes into consideration the uncertainty in both the actual measurement and estimated kriged values. Two exposure assessment models (i.e., IEUBK and HESP) are used as the basis of the quantitative SREA methodologies. The significant correlation between the blood-Pb predictions, using the IEUBK model, and measured concentrations provides a partial validation of the method, because it allows for the uncertainty in the measurements and the lack of some site-specific measurements. The semiquantitative applications of SRHA and SREA incorporate both qualitative information (e.g., land use and dustiness of waste) and quantitative information (e.g., distance from wastes and distance from industry). The significant correlation between the results of these assessments and the measured blood-Pb levels confirms the robust nature of this approach. Successful application of these methodologies could reduce the cost of the assessment and allow areas to be prioritized for further investigation, remediation, or risk management.

43 CFR 4170.2-1 - Penal provisions under the Taylor Grazing Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Penal provisions under the Taylor Grazing Act. 4170.2-1 Section 4170.2-1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued...-EXCLUSIVE OF ALASKA Penalties § 4170.2-1 Penal provisions under the Taylor Grazing Act. Under section 2 of...

Federal control of Indian Lands v. State control of Gaming - Cabazon Bingo and the Indian Gaming regulatory act.

PubMed

Strate, L D; Mayo, A M

1990-03-01

In September, 1988, the 100th Congress passed the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, concluding five years of debate over the Indian Gaming issue - brought to a head by a Supreme Court decision in February, 1987, that barred states from regulating Indian Gaming. That case (State of California v. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians) forced the legislature to take a serious look at issues of gaming on Indian lands. The result was the creation of a three-tiered system whereby tribes will control ceremonial games, the federal government will control bingo, and the states and tribes will negotiate agreements to cover casino games, parimutuel racing, and jai alai, if such games are legal in that particular state. In light of the case of the Cabazon Indians and the passage of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, this paper will address the following competing issues: tribal sovereignty, state interests, federal interests, and states like Nevada, which have a regulated gaming industry.

43 CFR 3732.1 - Act ineffective as to other withdrawals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Act ineffective as to other withdrawals... LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) PUBLIC LAW 359; MINING IN POWERSITE WITHDRAWALS: GENERAL Withdrawals Other Than for Powersite Purposes § 3732.1 Act ineffective as to...

Land Disputes Unearth Shaky Legal Foundation: Will Liberias Land Reform Provide Stability

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-01

United States by the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 in communities that never contemplated formal tribal organization before, and as such, remains...example is the case of a Malaysian company, Sime Darby, and the Vai people of Grand Cape Mount. The people of Grand Cape Mount first suffered when BF...community land continues to occur in contemporary Liberia, and has resulted in years of litigation. One example involves community land owned by Chief Bah

Acting Administrator Lightfoot Visits Ball Aerospace

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-04-06

Leanne Presley, Operational Land Imager-2 (OLI-2) program manager at Ball Aerospace, left, speaks with acting NASA Deputy Administrator Lesa Roe, center, and acting NASA Administrator Robert Lightfoot in front of a thermal vacuum chamber used to test satellite optics, Thursday, April 6, 2017 during a visit to Ball Aerospace in Boulder, Colo. The Operation Land Imager-2 (OLI-2) is being build for Landsat 9, a collaboration between NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey that will continue the Landsat Program's 40-year data record of monitoring the Earth's landscapes from space. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

43 CFR 3816.2 - Application to open lands to location.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Application to open lands to location... LOCATION Mineral Locations in Reclamation Withdrawals § 3816.2 Application to open lands to location. Application to open lands to location under the Act may be filed by a person, association or corporation...

43 CFR 3816.2 - Application to open lands to location.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Application to open lands to location... LOCATION Mineral Locations in Reclamation Withdrawals § 3816.2 Application to open lands to location. Application to open lands to location under the Act may be filed by a person, association or corporation...

15 CFR 923.33 - Excluded lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... coastal zone must exclude lands owned, leased, held in trust or whose use is otherwise by law subject... coastal zone within the purview of a state's management program. In excluding Federal lands from a State's coastal zone for the purposes of this Act, a State does not impair any rights or authorities that it may...

15 CFR 923.33 - Excluded lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... coastal zone must exclude lands owned, leased, held in trust or whose use is otherwise by law subject... coastal zone within the purview of a state's management program. In excluding Federal lands from a State's coastal zone for the purposes of this Act, a State does not impair any rights or authorities that it may...

43 CFR 2611.1-1 - Applications for determination of suitability and availability of lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... MANAGEMENT (2000) CAREY ACT GRANTS Segregation Under the Carey Act: Procedures § 2611.1-1 Applications for determination of suitability and availability of lands. The first step in obtaining segregation of lands for...

Disaggregation of silver nanoparticle homoaggregates in a river water matrix.

PubMed

Metreveli, George; Philippe, Allan; Schaumann, Gabriele E

2015-12-01

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) could be found in aquatic systems in the near future. Although the interplay between aggregate formation and disaggregation is an important factor for mobility, bioavailability and toxicity of Ag NPs in surface waters, the factors controlling disaggregation of Ag NP homoaggregates are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the reversibility of homoaggregation of citrate coated Ag NPs in a Rhine River water matrix. We characterized the disaggregation of Ag NP homoaggregates by ionic strength reduction and addition of Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) in the presence of strong and weak shear forces. In order to understand the disaggregation processes, we also studied the nature of homoaggregates and their formation dynamics under the influence of SRHA, Ca(2+) concentration and nanoparticle concentration. Even in the presence of SRHA and at low particle concentrations (10 μg L(-1)), aggregates formed rapidly in filtered Rhine water. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of Ca(2+) in reconstituted Rhine water was 1.5 mmol L(-1) and was shifted towards higher values in the presence of SRHA. Analysis of the attachment efficiency as a function of Ca(2+) concentration showed that SRHA induces electrosteric stabilization at low Ca(2+) concentrations and cation-bridging flocculation at high Ca(2+) concentrations. Shear forces in the form of mechanical shaking or ultrasound were necessary for breaking the aggregates. Without ultrasound, SRHA also induced disaggregation, but it required several days to reach a stable size of dense aggregates still larger than the primary particles. Citrate stabilized Ag NPs may be in the form of reaction limited aggregates in aquatic systems similar to the Rhine River. The size and the structure of these aggregates will be dynamic and be determined by the solution conditions. Seasonal variations in the chemical composition of natural waters can result in a sedimentation-release cycle of engineered

Environmental Issues in the Land Claims: One of a Series of Articles on the Native Land Claims.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Guy

As one in a series of eight articles written by different professionals concerned with Alaska Native land claims, this article focuses on the debate of environmental issues prior to passage of the Alaska Land Claims Settlement Act. Designed to stimulate careful political/historical reading and discussion at an advanced secondary or adult level,…

Statistics of Land-Grant Colleges, Year Ended June 30, 1922. Bulletin, 1924, No. 6

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blauch, L. E.

1924-01-01

This report is made in accordance with the provisions of the land-grant act of 1862 and the Morrill-Nelson Acts of 1890 and 1907. To assure the proper usage of these funds, the specialist in charge of land-grant college statistics makes, from reports submitted by the treasurers of the land-grant colleges, an audit of disbursements from the funds.…

Photo interpretation key to Michigan land cover/use

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Enslin, W. R.; Hudson, W. D.; Lusch, D. P.

1983-01-01

A set of photo interpretation keys is presented to provide a structured approach to the identification of land cover/use categories as specified in the Michigan Resource Inventory Act. The designated categories are urban and; built up lands; agricultural lands; forest land; nonforested land; water bodies; wetlands; and barren land. The keys were developed for use with medium scale (1:20,000 to 1:24,000) color infrared aerial photography. Although each key is generalized in that it relies only upon the most distinguishing photo characteristics in separating the various land cover/use categories, additional interpretation characteristics, distinguishing features and background material are given.

32 CFR 644.534 - Return of public domain land.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... reservation effected by the Act, the Department of the Army shall make safe for nonmilitary uses the land... account the desired future use and value of the land to be decontaminated. (c) Army. The congressional... 32 National Defense 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Return of public domain land. 644.534 Section 644...

Southeast Arizona Land Exchange and Conservation Act of 2013

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Sen. McCain, John [R-AZ

2013-02-14

Senate - 11/20/2013 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining. Hearings held. With printed Hearing: S.Hrg. 113-342. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Bone tissue reactions to biomimetic ion-substituted apatite surfaces on titanium implants.

PubMed

Ballo, Ahmed M; Xia, Wei; Palmquist, Anders; Lindahl, Carl; Emanuelsson, Lena; Lausmaa, Jukka; Engqvist, Håkan; Thomsen, Peter

2012-07-07

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone tissue response to strontium- and silicon-substituted apatite (Sr-HA and Si-HA) modified titanium (Ti) implants. Sr-HA, Si-HA and HA were grown on thermally oxidized Ti implants by a biomimetic process. Oxidized implants were used as controls. Surface properties, i.e. chemical composition, surface thickness, morphology/pore characteristics, crystal structure and roughness, were characterized with various analytical techniques. The implants were inserted in rat tibiae and block biopsies were prepared for histology, histomorphometry and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Histologically, new bone formed on all implant surfaces. The bone was deposited directly onto the Sr-HA and Si-HA implants without any intervening soft tissue. The statistical analysis showed significant higher amount of bone-implant contact (BIC) for the Si-doped HA modification (P = 0.030), whereas significant higher bone area (BA) for the Sr-doped HA modification (P = 0.034), when compared with the non-doped HA modification. The differences were most pronounced at the early time point. The healing time had a significant impact for both BA and BIC (P < 0.001). The present results show that biomimetically prepared Si-HA and Sr-HA on Ti implants provided bioactivity and promoted early bone formation.

Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center Land Conveyance Act

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR

2013-08-01

Senate - 07/30/2014 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Senate Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining. Hearings held. With printed Hearing: S.Hrg. 113-433. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

43 CFR 3811.2-2 - Lands in national parks and monuments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Lands in national parks and monuments... SUBJECT TO LOCATION Lands Subject to Location and Purchase § 3811.2-2 Lands in national parks and monuments. The Mining in the Parks Act (16 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.), effectively withdrew all National Parks and...

43 CFR 3811.2-2 - Lands in national parks and monuments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Lands in national parks and monuments... SUBJECT TO LOCATION Lands Subject to Location and Purchase § 3811.2-2 Lands in national parks and monuments. The Mining in the Parks Act (16 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.), effectively withdrew all National Parks and...

43 CFR 3811.2-2 - Lands in national parks and monuments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Lands in national parks and monuments... SUBJECT TO LOCATION Lands Subject to Location and Purchase § 3811.2-2 Lands in national parks and monuments. The Mining in the Parks Act (16 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.), effectively withdrew all National Parks and...

43 CFR 3811.2-2 - Lands in national parks and monuments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Lands in national parks and monuments... SUBJECT TO LOCATION Lands Subject to Location and Purchase § 3811.2-2 Lands in national parks and monuments. The Mining in the Parks Act (16 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.), effectively withdrew all National Parks and...

Boy Scouts of America Land Transfer Act of 2009

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Matheson, Jim [D-UT-2

2009-01-08

House - 02/04/2009 Referred to the Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests and Public Lands. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see H.R.146, which became Public Law 111-11 on 3/30/2009. Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

24 CFR 30.55 - Interstate Land Sales violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Interstate Land Sales violations... Sales violations. (a) General. The Assistant Secretary for Housing-Federal Housing Commissioner, or his... materially violates any provision of the Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act (15 U.S.C. 1701 et seq...

24 CFR 30.55 - Interstate Land Sales violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Interstate Land Sales violations... Sales violations. (a) General. The Assistant Secretary for Housing-Federal Housing Commissioner, or his... materially violates any provision of the Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act (15 U.S.C. 1701 et seq...

24 CFR 30.55 - Interstate Land Sales violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Interstate Land Sales violations... Sales violations. (a) General. The Assistant Secretary for Housing-Federal Housing Commissioner, or his... materially violates any provision of the Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act (15 U.S.C. 1701 et seq...

Military Training Lands Historic Context: Small Arms Ranges

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

ER D C/ CE R L TR -1 0 -1 1 Military Training Lands Historic Context Small Arms Ranges Dan Archibald, Adam Smith, Sunny Adams, and...unlimited. ERDC/CERL TR-10-11 March 2010 Military Training Lands Historic Context Small Arms Ranges Dan Archibald, Adam Smith, Sunny Adams...context for military training lands, written to satisfy a part of Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966 as amended

43 CFR 2320.1 - Lands considered withdrawn or classified for power purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... hydroelectric power permits under the Act of February 15, 1901 (43 U.S.C. 959); and lands within transmission... for power purposes. 2320.1 Section 2320.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands... for power purposes. The following classes of lands of the United States are considered as withdrawn or...

43 CFR 2320.1 - Lands considered withdrawn or classified for power purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... hydroelectric power permits under the Act of February 15, 1901 (43 U.S.C. 959); and lands within transmission... for power purposes. 2320.1 Section 2320.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands... for power purposes. The following classes of lands of the United States are considered as withdrawn or...

43 CFR 2320.1 - Lands considered withdrawn or classified for power purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... hydroelectric power permits under the Act of February 15, 1901 (43 U.S.C. 959); and lands within transmission... for power purposes. 2320.1 Section 2320.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands... for power purposes. The following classes of lands of the United States are considered as withdrawn or...

43 CFR 2320.1 - Lands considered withdrawn or classified for power purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... hydroelectric power permits under the Act of February 15, 1901 (43 U.S.C. 959); and lands within transmission... for power purposes. 2320.1 Section 2320.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands... for power purposes. The following classes of lands of the United States are considered as withdrawn or...

43 CFR 24.4 - Resource management and public activities on Federal lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... National Park System. (b) The Bureau of Reclamation withdraws public lands and acquires non-Federal lands... encourage non-Federal public bodies to administer project land and water areas for recreation and fish and... Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) directed that non-wilderness BLM lands be managed by the...

43 CFR 24.4 - Resource management and public activities on Federal lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... National Park System. (b) The Bureau of Reclamation withdraws public lands and acquires non-Federal lands... encourage non-Federal public bodies to administer project land and water areas for recreation and fish and... Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) directed that non-wilderness BLM lands be managed by the...

43 CFR 24.4 - Resource management and public activities on Federal lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... National Park System. (b) The Bureau of Reclamation withdraws public lands and acquires non-Federal lands... encourage non-Federal public bodies to administer project land and water areas for recreation and fish and... Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) directed that non-wilderness BLM lands be managed by the...

43 CFR 24.4 - Resource management and public activities on Federal lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... National Park System. (b) The Bureau of Reclamation withdraws public lands and acquires non-Federal lands... encourage non-Federal public bodies to administer project land and water areas for recreation and fish and... Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) directed that non-wilderness BLM lands be managed by the...

43 CFR 24.4 - Resource management and public activities on Federal lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... National Park System. (b) The Bureau of Reclamation withdraws public lands and acquires non-Federal lands... encourage non-Federal public bodies to administer project land and water areas for recreation and fish and... Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) directed that non-wilderness BLM lands be managed by the...

43 CFR 2091.7-2 - Segregative effect and opening: Taylor Grazing Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Segregative effect and opening: Taylor Grazing Act. 2091.7-2 Section 2091.7-2 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands... LAWS AND RULES Segregation and Opening of Lands § 2091.7-2 Segregative effect and opening: Taylor...

49 CFR 1105.9 - Coastal Zone Management Act requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Coastal Zone Management Act requirements. 1105.9... ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS § 1105.9 Coastal Zone Management Act requirements. (a) If the proposed action affects land or water uses within a State coastal zone designated pursuant to the Coastal Zone Management Act (16 U.S.C...

49 CFR 1105.9 - Coastal Zone Management Act requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 8 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Coastal Zone Management Act requirements. 1105.9... ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS § 1105.9 Coastal Zone Management Act requirements. (a) If the proposed action affects land or water uses within a State coastal zone designated pursuant to the Coastal Zone Management Act (16 U.S.C...

Equity in Educational Land Grant Status Act of 1993. Hearing on S. 1345 To Provide Land-Grant Status for Tribally Controlled Community Colleges, Tribally Controlled Postsecondary Vocational Institutions, the Institute of American Indian and Alaska Native Culture and Arts Development, Southwest Indian Polytechnic Institute, and Haskell Indian Junior College, before the Committee on Indian Affairs. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (November 18, 1993).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Indian Affairs.

A Senate committee hearing received testimony on the Equity in Educational Land Grant Status Act, which would extend land-grant status and concomitant federal aid to 29 Indian tribal colleges and postsecondary institutions. Senators and representatives of the National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges, Navajo Community…

Effects of source and seasonal variations of natural organic matters on the fate and transport of CeO2 nanoparticles in the environment.

PubMed

Li, Zhen; Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew; Aly Hassan, Ashraf; Pressman, Jonathan G; Sorial, George A; Han, Changseok

2017-12-31

Natural organic matter (NOM) affects the stability and transport of nanoparticles (NPs) in natural waters by modifying their physiochemical properties. Source location, and seasonal variations, influence their molecular, physical and electrical charge properties. To understand the variations of NOM on the mobilization of NPs, large volumes of water were collected from the Ohio River (OR) over winter and summer seasons and dissolved NOMs were concentrated. The chemical and structural differences of these NOMs were compared with the Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) SRHA using 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Thermal analysis and FTIR confirmed that differences in composition, structure, and functional groups are a result of SRHA fractionation compared to whole molecule OR-NOM. The influence of OR-NOMs on the surface charge of CeO 2 NPs and the effects on the transport and retention in a three-phase (deposition-rinse-re-entrainment) sand-packed columns were investigated at CeO 2 NPs initial concertation of 10ppm, pH6.8, increasing ionic strength (3, 5, and 10mM), retention time of 1min, and increasing NOM concentration (1, 5, and 10ppm). The summer OR-NOM showed higher stabilization and mobilization effect on the CeO 2 than the winter NOM; while their effect was very different form the SRHA. The stabilization of NPs is attributed to both electrostatic and steric effects. The differences in the chemical structure of the complex and heterogeneous NOMs showed disparate reactivity and direct impact on CeO 2 -NPs stability. Using SRHA to study the effect of NOM for drinking water related assessment does not sufficiently represent the natural conditions of the environment. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Classification of public lands valuable for geothermal steam and associated geothermal resources

USGS Publications Warehouse

Godwin, Larry H.; Haigler, L.B.; Rioux, R.L.; White, D.E.; Muffler, L.J.; Wayland, R.G.

1971-01-01

The Organic Act of 1879 (43 U.S.C. 31) that established the U.S. Geological Survey provided, among other things, for the classification of the public lands and for the examination of the geological structure, mineral sources, and products of the national domain. In order to provide uniform executive action in classifying public lands, standards for determining which lands are valuable for mineral resources, for example, leasable mineral lands, or for other products are prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey. This report presents the classification standards for determining which Federal lands are classifiable as geothermal steam and associated geothermal resources lands under the Geothermal Steam Act of 1970 (84 Star. 1566). The concept of a geothermal resources province is established for classification of lands for the purpose of retention in Federal ownership of rights to geothermal resources upon disposal of Federal lands. A geothermal resources province is defined as an area in which higher than normal temperatures are likely to occur with depth and in which there is a reasonable possibility of finding reservoir rocks that will yield steam or heated fluids to wells. The determination of a 'known geothermal resources area' is made after careful evaluation of the available geologic, geochemical, and geophysical data and any evidence derived from nearby discoveries, competitive interests, and other indicia. The initial classification required by the Geothermal Steam Act of 1970 is presented.

Classification of public lands valuable for geothermal steam and associated geothermal resources

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goodwin, L.H.; Haigler, L.B.; Rioux, R.L.

1973-01-01

The Organic Act of 1879 (43 USC 31) that established the US Geological Survey provided, among other things, for the classification of the public lands and for the examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain. In order to provide uniform executive action in classifying public lands, standards for determining which lands are valuable for mineral resources, for example, leasable mineral lands, or for other products are prepared by the US Geological Survey. This report presents the classification standards for determining which Federal lands are classifiable as geothermal steam and associated geothermal resources lands undermore » the Geothermal Steam Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1566). The concept of a geothermal resouces province is established for classification of lands for the purpose of retention in Federal ownership of rights to geothermal resources upon disposal of Federal lands. A geothermal resources province is defined as an area in which higher than normal temperatures are likely to occur with depth and in which there is a resonable possiblity of finding reservoir rocks that will yield steam or heated fluids to wells. The determination of a known geothermal resources area is made after careful evaluation of the available geologic, geochemical, and geophysical data and any evidence derived from nearby discoveries, competitive interests, and other indicia. The initial classification required by the Geothermal Steam Act of 1970 is presented.« less

77 FR 74689 - Land Acquisitions; Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-17

... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Indian Affairs Land Acquisitions; Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma... of land in trust for the Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma on December 6, 2012. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION... Tribe of Oklahoma under the authority of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, 25 U.S.C. 465, described...

Waters Edge Land Company, LLC - Clean Water Act Public Notice

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The EPA is providing notice of an Administrative Penalty Assessment in the form of an Expedited Storm Water Settlement Agreement against Waters Edge Land Company, LLC, a business located at 10800 Farley St. Overland Park, KS, for alleged violations located

43 CFR 2524.1 - Conditions excusing entrymen from compliance with the desert-land laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... compliance with the desert-land laws. 2524.1 Section 2524.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to... (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Desert-Land Entries Within a Reclamation Project § 2524.1 Conditions excusing entrymen from compliance with the desert-land laws. (a) By section 5 of the Act of June 27, 1906 (34 Stat...

43 CFR 2524.1 - Conditions excusing entrymen from compliance with the desert-land laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... compliance with the desert-land laws. 2524.1 Section 2524.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to... (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Desert-Land Entries Within a Reclamation Project § 2524.1 Conditions excusing entrymen from compliance with the desert-land laws. (a) By section 5 of the Act of June 27, 1906 (34 Stat...

43 CFR 2524.1 - Conditions excusing entrymen from compliance with the desert-land laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... compliance with the desert-land laws. 2524.1 Section 2524.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to... (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Desert-Land Entries Within a Reclamation Project § 2524.1 Conditions excusing entrymen from compliance with the desert-land laws. (a) By section 5 of the Act of June 27, 1906 (34 Stat...

43 CFR 2524.1 - Conditions excusing entrymen from compliance with the desert-land laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... compliance with the desert-land laws. 2524.1 Section 2524.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to... (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Desert-Land Entries Within a Reclamation Project § 2524.1 Conditions excusing entrymen from compliance with the desert-land laws. (a) By section 5 of the Act of June 27, 1906 (34 Stat...

43 CFR 3741.4 - Reservation to United States of Leasing Act minerals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Act minerals. 3741.4 Section 3741.4 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) PUBLIC LAW 585; MULTIPLE MINERAL DEVELOPMENT Claims, Locations and Patents § 3741.4 Reservation to United States of Leasing...

43 CFR 3741.4 - Reservation to United States of Leasing Act minerals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Act minerals. 3741.4 Section 3741.4 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) PUBLIC LAW 585; MULTIPLE MINERAL DEVELOPMENT Claims, Locations and Patents § 3741.4 Reservation to United States of Leasing...

43 CFR 3741.4 - Reservation to United States of Leasing Act minerals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Act minerals. 3741.4 Section 3741.4 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) PUBLIC LAW 585; MULTIPLE MINERAL DEVELOPMENT Claims, Locations and Patents § 3741.4 Reservation to United States of Leasing...

43 CFR 3741.4 - Reservation to United States of Leasing Act minerals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Act minerals. 3741.4 Section 3741.4 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) PUBLIC LAW 585; MULTIPLE MINERAL DEVELOPMENT Claims, Locations and Patents § 3741.4 Reservation to United States of Leasing...

Research on land registration procedure ontology of China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Zhongjun; Du, Qingyun; Zhang, Weiwei; Liu, Tao

2009-10-01

Land registration is public act which is to record the state-owned land use right, collective land ownership, collective land use right and land mortgage, servitude, as well as other land rights required the registration according to laws and regulations onto land registering books. Land registration is one of the important government affairs , so it is very important to standardize, optimize and humanize the process of land registration. The management works of organization are realized through a variety of workflows. Process knowledge is in essence a kind of methodology knowledge and a system which including the core and the relational knowledge. In this paper, the ontology is introduced into the field of land registration and management, trying to optimize the flow of land registration, to promote the automation-building and intelligent Service of land registration affairs, to provide humanized and intelligent service for multi-types of users . This paper tries to build land registration procedure ontology by defining the land registration procedure ontology's key concepts which represent the kinds of processes of land registration and mapping the kinds of processes to OWL-S. The land registration procedure ontology shall be the start and the basis of the Web service.

14 CFR 29.485 - Lateral drift landing conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...— (1) Side loads combined with one-half of the maximum ground reactions obtained in the level landing..., side loads of 0.8 times the vertical reaction acting inward on one side and 0.6 times the vertical reaction acting outward on the other side, all combined with the vertical loads specified in paragraph (a...

14 CFR 29.485 - Lateral drift landing conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...— (1) Side loads combined with one-half of the maximum ground reactions obtained in the level landing..., side loads of 0.8 times the vertical reaction acting inward on one side and 0.6 times the vertical reaction acting outward on the other side, all combined with the vertical loads specified in paragraph (a...

14 CFR 27.485 - Lateral drift landing conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...— (1) Side loads combined with one-half of the maximum ground reactions obtained in the level landing..., side loads of 0.8 times the vertical reaction acting inward on one side, and 0.6 times the vertical reaction acting outward on the other side, all combined with the vertical loads specified in paragraph (a...

14 CFR 27.485 - Lateral drift landing conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...— (1) Side loads combined with one-half of the maximum ground reactions obtained in the level landing..., side loads of 0.8 times the vertical reaction acting inward on one side, and 0.6 times the vertical reaction acting outward on the other side, all combined with the vertical loads specified in paragraph (a...

Southeast Alaska Native Land Entitlement Finalization and Jobs Protection Act

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Sen. Murkowski, Lisa [R-AK

2011-04-05

Senate - 05/25/2011 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Public Lands and Forests. Hearings held. With printed Hearing: S.Hrg. 112-131. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

36 CFR 72.36 - Land ownership, control and conversion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Land ownership, control and..., Rehabilitation and Innovation § 72.36 Land ownership, control and conversion. Section 1010 of the Act provides...-grantee must demonstrate, at the time of grant approval, that it has adequate tenure and control of the...

36 CFR 72.36 - Land ownership, control and conversion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Land ownership, control and..., Rehabilitation and Innovation § 72.36 Land ownership, control and conversion. Section 1010 of the Act provides...-grantee must demonstrate, at the time of grant approval, that it has adequate tenure and control of the...

36 CFR 72.36 - Land ownership, control and conversion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Land ownership, control and..., Rehabilitation and Innovation § 72.36 Land ownership, control and conversion. Section 1010 of the Act provides...-grantee must demonstrate, at the time of grant approval, that it has adequate tenure and control of the...

36 CFR 72.36 - Land ownership, control and conversion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Land ownership, control and..., Rehabilitation and Innovation § 72.36 Land ownership, control and conversion. Section 1010 of the Act provides...-grantee must demonstrate, at the time of grant approval, that it has adequate tenure and control of the...

36 CFR 72.36 - Land ownership, control and conversion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Land ownership, control and..., Rehabilitation and Innovation § 72.36 Land ownership, control and conversion. Section 1010 of the Act provides...-grantee must demonstrate, at the time of grant approval, that it has adequate tenure and control of the...

Brownfields and Land Revitalization Programmatic Information

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This asset contains resources provided by EPA's Brownfields and Land Revitalization program that can be used for the assessment, cleanup, and redevelopment of brownfields sites and land revitalization activities. To help implement the program, EPA provides information on the Brownfields law, success stories from Brownfields grantees, technical information and resources to aid in the assessment and cleanup of brownfields properties, partnerships to promote the cleanup and reuse of Brownfields, and initiatives that explore sector-based solutions, enhance environmental quality, spur economic development, and revitalize communities. This asset includes fact sheets, success stories, training, policy, and guidance documents. Regulatory authority for the collection and use of this information is found in the Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act of 2002 (the Brownfields Law), which amended the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980.

Science-based management of public lands in southern Nevada: Chapter 11 in The Southern Nevada Agency Partnership science and research synthesis: science to support land management in southern Nevada

USGS Publications Warehouse

Brooks, Matthew L.; Chambers, Jeanne C.

2013-01-01

Landmark legislation provides guiding principles for land management planning in southern Nevada and the rest of the United States. Such legislation includes, but is not limited to, the Forest Service Organic Administration Act of 1897 (16 U.S>C. 473-478, 479-482 and 551), National Park Service Organic Act of 1916 (U.S.C. Title 16, Secs. 1-4). Wilderness Act 1964 (P.L.88-577), National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (P.L. 91-190), Endangered Species Act of 1973 (P.L. 91-205), National Forest Management Act of of 1976 (P.L. 94-588), and Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (P.L. 94-579). The acts establishing congressionally designated areas within southern Nevada, such as Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Spring Mountains National Restoration Area, and Desert National Wildlife Refuge, also contain guidelines for the management of these lands. These documents variously require preservation of natural and cultural resource and wilderness character, protection of species, and prevention of undesirable environmental effects from land management actions. These requirements must be met while allowing for multiple "uses" of certain public lands (e.g. recreation, ranching, resources extraction, renewable energy development, etc.) to the degree that they do no threaten preservation, protection, and prevention goals,. many considerations some into play in the development and implementation for land management plans and actions. The planning process requires a balancing act that sometimes pit one need or priority against another. When priorities can trump other needs can prioritized and receive disproportionate consideration. Overall, the management of public lands is a very complicated and sometime contentious process. Science provides an objective way to help weigh quantifiable information and draw conclusions about the effects of past and potential future land management policies, decisions, and actions. When effectively integrated into adaptive management

The Homestead Act of 1862. Teaching with Documents.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC.

On January 1, 1863, Daniel Freeman, a Union Army scout convinced a land office clerk in St. Louis (Missouri) to open the office shortly after midnight so that Freeman could file a land claim. In doing so, Freeman became one of the first to take advantage of the opportunities provided by the Homestead Act, a law signed by President Abraham Lincoln…

Quantifying green water flows for improved Integrated Land and Water Resource Management under the National Water Act of South Africa: A review on hydrological research in South Africa.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jarmain, C.; Everson, C. S.; Gush, M. B.; Clulow, A. D.

2009-09-01

The contribution of hydrological research in South Africa in quantifying green water flows for improved Integrated Land and Water Resources Management is reviewed. Green water refers to water losses from land surfaces through transpiration (seen as a productive use) and evaporation from bare soil (seen as a non-productive use). In contrast, blue water flows refer to streamflow (surface water) and groundwater / aquifer recharge. Over the past 20 years, a number of methods have been used to quantify the green water and blue water flows. These include micrometeorological techniques (e.g. Bowen ratio energy balance, eddy covariance, surface renewal, scintillometry, lysimetry), field scale models (e.g. SWB, SWAP), catchment scale hydrological models (e.g. ACRU, SWAT) and more recently remote sensing based models (e.g. SEBAL, SEBS). The National Water Act of South Africa of 1998 requires that water resources are managed, protected and used (developed, conserved and controlled) in an equitable way which is beneficial to the public. The quantification of green water flows in catchments under different land uses has been pivotal in (a) regulating streamflow reduction activities (e.g. forestry) and the management of alien invasive plants, (b) protecting riparian and wetland areas through the provision of an ecological reserve, (c) assessing and improving the water use efficiency of irrigated pastures, fruit tree orchards and vineyards, (d) quantifying the potential impact of future land uses like bio-fuels (e.g. Jatropha) on water resources, (e) quantifying water losses from open water bodies, and (f) investigating "biological” mitigation measures to reduce the impact of polluted water resources as a result of various industries (e.g. mining). This paper therefore captures the evolution of measurement techniques applied across South Africa, the impact these results have had on water use and water use efficiency and the extent to which it supported the National Water Act of

The role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality in the growth enhancement of Alexandrium fundyense (Dinophyceae) in laboratory culture(1).

PubMed

Cawley, Kaelin M; Koerfer, Verena; McKnight, Diane M

2013-06-01

Several algal species responsible for harmful algal blooms (HABs), such as Alexandrium fundyense, are mixotrophic under certain environmental conditions. The ability to switch between photosynthetic and heterotrophic modes of growth may play a role in the development of HABs in coastal regions. We examined the influence of humic dissolved organic matter (HDOM) derived from terrestrial (plant/soil) and microbial sources on the growth of A. fundyense. We found that a terrestrially derived HDOM, Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA), did enhance A. fundyense growth; however, a microbially derived HDOM, Pony Lake fulvic acid (PLFA) did not enhance growth. A. fundyense grows in association with bacteria in culture and we observed that bacterial cell densities were much lower in A. fundyense cultures than in bacteria-only cultures, consistent with bacterial grazing by A. fundyense in culture. In bacteria-only cultures with added algal exudates (EX), the addition of PLFA and SRHA resulted in a slight increase in bacterial cell density compared to cultures without HDOM added. Changes over time in the chemical quality of the HDOM in the A. fundyense cultures reflected contributions of microbially derived material with similar characteristics as the PLFA. Overall, these results suggest that the chemical differences between SRHA and PLFA are responsible for the greater effect of SRHA on A. fundyense growth, and that the differential effect is not a result of an effect on the growth of associated bacteria. © 2013 Phycological Society of America.

Detection and characterization of uranium-humic complexes during 1D transport studies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lesher, Emily K.; Honeyman, Bruce D.; Ranville, James F.

2013-05-01

The speciation and transport of uranium (VI) through porous media is highly dependent on solution conditions, the presence of complexing ligands, and the nature of the porous media. The dependency on many variables makes prediction of U transport in bench-scale experiments and in the field difficult. In particular, the identification of colloidal U phases poses a technical challenge. Transport of U in the presence and absence of natural organic matter (Suwannee River humic acid, SRHA) through silica sand and hematite coated silica sand was tested at pH 4 and 5 using static columns, where flow is controlled by gravity andmore » residence time between advective pore volume exchanges can be strictly controlled. The column effluents were characterized by traditional techniques including ICPMS quantification of total [U] and [Fe], TOC analysis of [DOC], and pH analysis, and also by non-traditional techniques: flow field flow fractionation with online ICPMS detection (FlFFF-ICPMS) and specific UV absorbance (SUVA) characterization of effluent fractions. Key results include that the transport of U through the columns was enhanced by pre-equilibration with SRHA, and previously deposited U was remobilized by the addition of SRHA. The advanced techniques yielded important insights on the mechanisms of transport: FlFFF-ICPMS identified a U-SRHA complex as the mobile U species and directly quantified relative amounts of the complex, while specific UV absorbance (SUVA) measurements indicated a composition-based fractionation onto the porous media.« less

24 CFR 203.43i - Eligibility of mortgages on Hawaiian Home Lands insured pursuant to section 247 of the National...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Hawaiian Home Lands insured pursuant to section 247 of the National Housing Act. 203.43i Section 203.43i... Eligibility of mortgages on Hawaiian Home Lands insured pursuant to section 247 of the National Housing Act. (a) Eligibility. A mortgage on a homestead lease granted by the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands...

43 CFR 17.300 - What is the purpose of the Age Discrimination Act of 1975?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false What is the purpose of the Age Discrimination Act of 1975? 17.300 Section 17.300 Public Lands: Interior Office of the Secretary of the Interior... Age General § 17.300 What is the purpose of the Age Discrimination Act of 1975? The Age Discrimination...

Land Use in the CERCLA Remedy Selection Process

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This directive presents additional information for considering land use in making remedy selection decisions under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) at National Priorities List (NPL) sites.

78 FR 45278 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-26

...) District Commander's overview of current project issues within the Rock Island District; and (3... MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETINGS: Mississippi River... Landing, La Cross, WI STATUS: Open to the public. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: (1) Summary report by...

7 CFR 1468.8 - Land eligibility provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... eligible wetland restoration or protection practice similar to WRP in accordance with § 1468.6(b); or (c) 7... Marketing Transition Act of 1996 and if the land upon which the CFO conservation practice, will be applied...

7 CFR 1468.8 - Land eligibility provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... eligible wetland restoration or protection practice similar to WRP in accordance with § 1468.6(b); or (c) 7... Marketing Transition Act of 1996 and if the land upon which the CFO conservation practice, will be applied...

7 CFR 1468.8 - Land eligibility provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... eligible wetland restoration or protection practice similar to WRP in accordance with § 1468.6(b); or (c) 7... Marketing Transition Act of 1996 and if the land upon which the CFO conservation practice, will be applied...

7 CFR 1468.8 - Land eligibility provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... eligible wetland restoration or protection practice similar to WRP in accordance with § 1468.6(b); or (c) 7... Marketing Transition Act of 1996 and if the land upon which the CFO conservation practice, will be applied...

Effect of dissolved organic carbon on the transport and attachment behaviors of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and carboxylate-modified microspheres advected through temperate humic and tropical volcanic agricultural soil

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mohanram, Arvind; Ray, Chittaranjan; Metge, David W.; Barber, Larry B.; Ryan, Joseph N.; Harvey, Ronald W.

2012-01-01

Transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and microspheres in two disparate (a clay- and Fe-rich, volcanic and a temperate, humic) agricultural soils were studied in the presence and absence of 100 mg L–1 of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), and Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) at pH 5.0–6.0. Transport of carboxylate-modified, 1.8 μm microspheres in soil columns was highly sensitive to the nature of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), whereas oocysts transport was more affected by soil mineralogy. SDBS increased transport of microspheres from 48% to 87% through the tropical soil and from 43% to 93% in temperate soil. In contrast, SRHA reduced transport of microspheres from 48% to 28% in tropical soil and from 43% to 16% in temperate soil. SDBS also increased oocysts transport through the temperate soil 5-fold, whereas no oocyst transport was detected in tropical soil. SRHA had only a nominal effect in increasing oocysts transport in tropical soil, but caused a 6-fold increase in transport through the temperate soil. Amendments of only 4 mg L–1 SRHA and SDBS decreased oocyst hydrophobicity from 66% to 20% and from 66% to 5%, respectively. However, SDBS increased microsphere hydrophobicity from 16% to 33%. Soil fines, which includes clays, and SRHA, both caused the oocysts zeta potential (ζ) to become more negative, but caused the highly hydrophilic microspheres to become less negatively charged. The disparate behaviors of the two colloids in the presence of an ionic surfactant and natural organic matter suggest that microspheres may not be suitable surrogates for oocysts in certain types of soils. These results indicate that whether or not DOC inhibits or promotes transport of oocysts and microspheres in agricultural soils and by how much, depends not only on the surface characteristics of the colloid, but the nature of the DOC and the soil mineralogy.

Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge land cover mapping project users guide

USGS Publications Warehouse

Markon, Carl J.

1988-01-01

Title III of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980 (ANILCA 1980) established the Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge (NNWR).  Section 304 of the Act requires the Secretary of Interior to "prepare, and from time to time revise, a comprehensive conservation plan" for the refuge.  

The Maharashtra Felling of Trees (Regulation) (Amendment) Act, 1988 (No. 26 of 1989), 5 August 1989.

PubMed

1989-01-01

Among other things, this Act amends the Maharashtra (India) Felling of Trees (Regulation) Act, 1964, to authorize the Tree Officer to order the planting of trees in any land (other than government-designated drought land) that he thinks does not contain an adequate number of trees. Owners and occupiers of the land must comply with the order, after being given a reasonable opportunity to be heard. If they do not comply, they can be charged for expenses incurred in having the trees planted. In 1989 the government of West Bengal enacted The Indian Forest (West Bengal Amendment) Act, 1989 (No. 22 of 1988) (Calcutta Gazette, Extraordinary, Part III, 3 February 1989). This Act increases the punishment for various infractions of the Indian Forest Act, 1927, as applied to West Bengal and inserts new language relating to the power of officers to stop and search vehicles; the ability of the state government to seize contraband and related tools, vehicles, boats, and cattle; and punishment for abetting offenses delineated by the Act.

Wilderness restoration: Bureau of Land Management and the Student Conservation Association in the California Desert District

Treesearch

J. Dan Abbe

2007-01-01

The California Desert Protection Act of 1994 was the largest park and wilderness legislation passed in the Lower 48 States since the Wilderness Act of 1964. It designated three national parks and 69 Bureau of Land Management wilderness areas. The California Desert and Wilderness Restoration Project is working to restore and revitalize these lands through a public/...

The long-term problems of contaminated land: Sources, impacts and countermeasures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baes, C.F. III

1986-11-01

This report examines the various sources of radiological land contamination; its extent; its impacts on man, agriculture, and the environment; countermeasures for mitigating exposures; radiological standards; alternatives for achieving land decontamination and cleanup; and possible alternatives for utilizing the land. The major potential sources of extensive long-term land contamination with radionuclides, in order of decreasing extent, are nuclear war, detonation of a single nuclear weapon (e.g., a terrorist act), serious reactor accidents, and nonfission nuclear weapons accidents that disperse the nuclear fuels (termed ''broken arrows'').

77 FR 51560 - Notice of Realty Action: Termination of Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classifications and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-24

... the public land laws generally, including the 1872 Mining Law. The classification termination and... jurisdiction as suitable for lease pursuant to the R&PP Act (44 Stat. 741), as amended, and 43 CFR 2741.5 (64... acres of public land under its jurisdiction as suitable for lease pursuant to the R&PP Act (44 Stat. 741...

76 FR 72971 - Notice of Intent to Collect Fees on Public Land in Alamosa County, CO

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-28

... DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR Bureau of Land Management [LLCOF03003L12200000.FU0000] Notice of Intent to Collect Fees on Public Land in Alamosa County, CO AGENCY: Bureau of Land Management, Interior. ACTION... Act (REA), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) La Jara Field Office is proposing to collect fees at...

National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive

USGS Publications Warehouse

Faundeen, John L.; Longhenry, Ryan

2018-06-13

The National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive is managed on behalf of the Secretary of the Interior by the U.S. Geological Survey’s Earth Resources Observation and Science Center. The Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992 (51 U.S.C. §601) directed the U.S. Department of the Interior to establish a permanent global archive consisting of imagery over land areas obtained from satellites orbiting the Earth. The law also directed the U.S. Department of the Interior, delegated to the U.S. Geological Survey, to ensure proper storage and preservation of imagery, and timely access for all parties. Since 2008, these images have been available at no cost to the user.

Science-based management of public lands in southern Nevada [Chapter 11

Treesearch

Matthew L. Brooks; Jeanne C. Chambers

2013-01-01

Landmark legislation provides guiding principles for land management planning in southern Nevada and the rest of the United States. Such legislation includes, but is not limited to, the Forest Service Organic Administration Act of 1897 (16 U.S.C. 473-478, 479-482 and 551), National Park Service Organic Act of 1916 (U.S.C. Title 16, Secs. 1-4), Wilderness Act 1964 (P.L....

National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive

USGS Publications Warehouse

Faundeen, John L.; Kelly, Francis P.; Holm, Thomas M.; Nolt, Jenna E.

2013-01-01

The National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive (NSLRSDA) resides at the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center. Through the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992, the U.S. Congress directed the Department of the Interior (DOI) to establish a permanent Government archive containing satellite remote sensing data of the Earth's land surface and to make this data easily accessible and readily available. This unique DOI/USGS archive provides a comprehensive, permanent, and impartial observational record of the planet's land surface obtained throughout more than five decades of satellite remote sensing. Satellite-derived data and information products are primary sources used to detect and understand changes such as deforestation, desertification, agricultural crop vigor, water quality, invasive plant species, and certain natural hazards such as flood extent and wildfire scars.

Reforesting unused surface mined lands by replanting with native trees

Treesearch

Patrick N. Angel; James A. Burger; Carl E. Zipper; Scott Eggerud

2012-01-01

More than 600,000 ha (1.5 million ac) of mostly forested land in the Appalachian region were surface mined for coal under the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act. Today, these lands are largely unmanaged and covered with persistent herbaceous species, such as fescue (Festuca spp.) and sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata [Dum. Cours.] G. Don,) and a mix of...

76 FR 37147 - Notice of Temporary Closures and Temporary Restrictions on Specific Uses of Public Lands in...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-24

... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Land Management [LLNVW03500.L12320000.EA0000.LVRDNV190000... Specific Uses of Public Lands in Pershing County, NV AGENCY: Bureau of Land Management, Interior. ACTION... Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA), as amended, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Winnemucca District, Black...

Land Application of Wastes: An Educational Program. Legal Aspects - Module 16.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clarkson, W. W.; And Others

This module summarizes laws that are relevant to the land application of wastes, focusing on the applicable Federal laws and representative state regulations from different areas of the country. The module describes the 10 points of Public Law 92-500, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, that relate to land application. It…

The 1907 Admission of Land-Grant University Depository Libraries: A 90-Year Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chapman, Bert

1999-01-01

This presentation of how land grant university libraries became federal depository libraries in 1907 examines the principle legislative statutes creating the land grant university system. Discusses government information distribution and management problems; 1980 Paperwork Reduction Act; the National Performance Review; Congressional reform…

A bioeconomic perspective on the Endangered Species Act

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salau, K. R.; Fenichel, E. P.

2012-12-01

Habitat destruction threatens species existence and has recently accelerated due to population growth, urban sprawl, agricultural development and other profitable land conversions on public and private lands. To exacerbate this issue, the public good nature of species existence creates strong incentives for landowners to engage in free-riding behavior and forego conservation on managed lands. To reverse these negative effects, the United States Congress passed the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1973 to create a set of rules for planning government intervention to protect dwindling fish, wildlife, and plant populations and create a platform for recovery and conservation. The ESA is quite explicit about how to make tradeoffs when listing a species as threatened or endangered - only evaluation of biological risks faced are considered. But the act is unclear about what information can or should be used when determining delisting criteria for endangered species. The ESA mandates federal participation in conservation and, in many cases, agencies must curtail socially beneficial activities (e.g. grazing, renewable energy development, mining, military training) in order to meet species recovery objectives. As funding for conservation on federal lands is limited, this creates an implicit tradeoff between recovering species - to gain post-delisting managerial flexibility - and preventing extinction - to minimize management costs. In this respect, reconciliation of biological recovery goals amidst budget constraints and alternate land-use benefits should be supplemented by economic analysis. Economic tradeoffs are inherent in species recovery under the ESA, but the act does not discuss how agencies should structure a recovery plan in light of such factors. This study outlines a bioeconomic approach to framing the recovery problem under the ESA and provides a framework for simultaneously establishing measurable delisting criteria and a least-cost path to recovery. This

Chapter 7: Selecting tree species for reforestation of Appalachian mined lands

Treesearch

V. Davis; J.A. Burger; R. Rathfon; C.E. Zipper

2017-01-01

The Forestry Reclamation Approach (FRA) is a method for reclaiming coal-mined land to forested postmining land uses under the federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) (Chapter 2, this volume). Step 4 of the FRA is to plant native trees for commercial timber value, wildlife habitat, soil stability, watershed protection, and other environmental...

14 CFR 25.479 - Level landing conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... vertical ground reactions calculated from paragraph (a), the following apply: (1) The landing gear and directly affected attaching structure must be designed for the maximum vertical ground reaction combined with an aft acting drag component of not less than 25% of this maximum vertical ground reaction. (2...

78 FR 25301 - Notice of Realty Action: Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification and Conveyance of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-30

... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Land Management [LLCON020000 L14300000.FR0000; COC-73927] Notice of Realty Action: Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification and Conveyance of Public Land; Jackson County, CO AGENCY: Bureau of Land Management, Interior. ACTION: Notice of Realty Action. SUMMARY...

78 FR 27992 - Notice of Temporary Closures of Public Land in Washoe County, NV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-13

...As authorized under the provisions of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, as amended, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Carson City District Office will temporarily close certain public land near Stead, Nevada, to all public use to provide for public safety during the 2013 Reno Air Racing Association Pylon Racing Seminar and the Reno National Championship Air Races.

33 CFR 211.10 - Disposition of lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Section 211.10 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES OF THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS IN CONNECTION WITH CIVIL WORKS PROJECTS Disposal of Real Estate Acquired for Civil Works Purposes § 211.10 Disposition of lands. (a) Acts authorizing...

7 CFR 1468.8 - Land eligibility provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CONSERVATION FARM OPTION General Provisions... Marketing Transition Act of 1996 and if the land upon which the CFO conservation practice, will be applied... eligible wetland restoration or protection practice similar to WRP in accordance with § 1468.6(b); or (c) 7...

75 FR 21036 - Public Land Order No. 7740; Partial Modification of Secretarial Order Dated July 29, 1910; Minnesota

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-22

... Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, 43 U.S.C. 1714, the Act of June 10, 1920, Section 24, as... March 20, 1922, as amended, 16 U.S.C. 485, 486, subject to the provisions of Section 24 of the Federal... power values by Power Site Reserve No. 148. This order opens the land to exchange subject to Section 24...

The Forestry Reclamation Approach: guide to successful reforestation of mined lands

Treesearch

Mary Beth Adams

2017-01-01

Appalachian forests are among the most productive and diverse in the world. The land underlying them is also rich in coal, and surface mines operated on more than 2.4 million acres in the region from 1977, when the federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act was passed, through 2015. Many efforts to reclaim mined lands most often resulted in the establishment of...

Gradient coatings of strontium hydroxyapatite/zinc β-tricalcium phosphate as a tool to modulate osteoblast/osteoclast response.

PubMed

Boanini, Elisa; Torricelli, Paola; Sima, Felix; Axente, Emanuel; Fini, Milena; Mihailescu, Ion N; Bigi, Adriana

2018-06-01

The chemistry, structure and morphology of the implant surface have a great influence on the integration of an implant material with bone tissue. In this work, we applied Combinatorial Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (C-MAPLE) to deposit gradient thin films with variable compositions of Sr-substituted hydroxyapatite (SrHA) and Zn-substituted β-tricalcium phosphate (ZnTCP) on Titanium substrates. Five samples with different SrHA/ZnTCP composition ratios were fabricated by a single step laser procedure. SrHA was synthesized in aqueous medium, whereas ZnTCP was obtained by reaction at high temperature. Both powders were separately suspended in deionized water, frozen at liquid nitrogen temperature and used as targets for C-MAPLE experiments, which proceed via simultaneous laser vaporization of two distinct material targets. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses confirmed that the coatings contain the same crystalline phases as the as-prepared powder samples, with a homogeneous distribution of the two phosphates along deposited thin films. Human osteoclast precursor 2T-110 and human osteoblast-like cells MG63 were co-cultured on the coatings. The results indicate that osteoblast viability and production of osteocalcin were promoted by the presence of ZnTCP. On the other hand, SrHA inhibited osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast differentiation, as demonstrated by the observed increase of the osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio and decrease of the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells when increasing SrHA amount in the coatings. The results indicate that the possibility to tailor the composition of the coatings provides materials able to modulate bone growth and bone resorption. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

15 CFR 923.43 - Direct State land and water use planning and regulation-Technique B.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Direct State land and water use... Authorities and Organization § 923.43 Direct State land and water use planning and regulation—Technique B. (a... subsection 306(d)(11) of the Act for control of land and water uses within the coastal zone. The second such...

15 CFR 923.43 - Direct State land and water use planning and regulation-Technique B.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Direct State land and water use... Authorities and Organization § 923.43 Direct State land and water use planning and regulation—Technique B. (a... subsection 306(d)(11) of the Act for control of land and water uses within the coastal zone. The second such...

Tribal Grants under Section 106 of the Clean Water Act

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA provides technical assistance and funding under the Clean Water Act Section 106 program to assist tribes and intertribal consortia to understand, assess, and preserve water resources on their lands.

75 FR 51480 - Notice of Realty Action, Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification of Public Lands in...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-20

... County proposes to use the land for a septic waste disposal site. DATES: Interested parties may submit... septic waste disposal site. The lands will accommodate the increased demand in the Worland area for... Comments: Interested parties may submit comments involving the suitability of the lands for a septic waste...

How well has land-use planning worked under different governance regimes? A case study in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA metropolitan area, USA

Treesearch

Jeffrey D. Kline; Paul Thiers; Connie P. Ozawa; J. Alan Yeakley; Sean N. Gordon

2014-01-01

We examine land use planning outcomes over a 30-year period in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA (USA) metropolitan area. The four-county study region enables comparisons between three Oregon counties subject to Oregon’s 1973 Land Use Act (Senate Bill 100) and Clark County, WA which implemented land use planning under Washington’s 1990 Growth Management Act. We describe...

76 FR 12131 - Notice of Realty Action: Opening of Public Land in Elko County, NV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-04

..., 1952, as part of a land exchange completed under Section 8 of the Taylor Grazing Act, reserving to the... of minerals.'' Section 8 of the Taylor Grazing Act required that an Opening Order be published before...

Science-based management of public lands in southern Nevada [Chapter 11] (Executive Summary)

Treesearch

Matthew L. Brooks; Jeanne C. Chambers

2013-01-01

Landmark legislation provides guiding principles for land management planning in southern Nevada and the rest of the United States. Such legislation includes, but is not limited to, the Forest Service Organic Administration Act of 1897 (16 U.S.C. 473-478, 479-482 and 551), National Park Service Organic Act of 1916 (U.S.C. Title 16, Secs. 1-4), Wilderness Act 1964 (P.L....

76 FR 31978 - Notice of Realty Action: Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification and Conveyance of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-02

... Glenwood Springs proposes to use the land to expand its existing South Canyon Landfill. DATES: Interested... application to develop the above described land as an expansion of its South Canyon Landfill. The City of... the R&PP Act. The City of Glenwood Springs proposes to use the land to expand its existing landfill...

Stock, Corporations, and the Native Land Claims Settlement: One of a Series of Articles on the Native Land Claims.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conn, Stephen

As one in a series of articles written by different professionals concerned with Alaska Native land claims, this article focuses on the role of village and regional corporations as established under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1972. Designed to stimulate careful political/historical reading and discussion at an advanced secondary or…

75 FR 79018 - Notice of Realty Action: Proposed Sale of Public Lands in Bear Lake County, ID

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-17

..., Idaho, under the authority of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA) at no less than... forms of appropriation under the public land laws, including the mining laws, except the sale provisions... determined. On December 17, 2010, the above-described lands will be segregated from all forms of...

How the National Marine Sanctuaries Act diverged from the Wilderness Act model and lost its way in the land of multiple use

Treesearch

William J. Chandler; Hannah Gillelan

2007-01-01

The fundamental flaw of the National Marine Sanctuaries Act is its lack of a singular focus on preservation. This conclusion is all the more obvious when it is compared to the Wilderness Act, enacted just eight years before. The stated objective of the Wilderness Act is to preserve roadless areas of “untrammeled” wilderness. More than 675 wilderness areas in 44 states...

75 FR 38547 - Notice of Realty Action: Non-Competitive (Direct) Sale of Public Lands and Termination of a...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-02

... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Land Management [LLIDI01000-L143000000.EU0000; IDI-19600-03] Notice of Realty Action: Non-Competitive (Direct) Sale of Public Lands and Termination of a Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification, Madison County, ID AGENCY: Bureau of Land Management, Interior...

78 FR 23219 - National Advisory Committee for Implementation of the National Forest System Land Management...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-18

... National Forest System Land Management Planning Rule AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice of meeting. SUMMARY: The National Advisory Committee for Implementation of the National Forest System Land... Federal Advisory Committee Act. The purpose of the committee is to provide advice and recommendations on...

78 FR 9883 - National Advisory Committee for Implementation of the National Forest System Land Management...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-12

... National Forest System Land Management Planning Rule AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice of meeting. SUMMARY: The National Advisory Committee for Implementation of the National Forest System Land... Advisory Committee Act. The purpose of the committee is to provide advice and recommendations on the...

Impact of land cover and land use change on runoff characteristics.

PubMed

Sajikumar, N; Remya, R S

2015-09-15

portion as plantations which have comparatively similar characteristics of the forest except for evapo-transpiration. The double sided action (increase in evapo-transpiration owing to species like rubber and increase percolation due to its plantation method by using terracing) might be the reason for relatively smaller effect of the land use change, not commensurate with the changes in the forest area amounting to 60% and 32% for Manali and Kurumali watersheds respectively. Water harvesting methods like rain harvesting ditches can be made mandatory where species with high evapo-transpiration are grown. This action shall enhance the groundwater percolation and shall counter act the effect due to high evapo-transpiration. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Extension in a Rhodesian Purchase Land Area.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bembridge, T. J.

A study is presented which assesses agricultural production in a Purchase Land area over a seven-year period and tries to identify certain socio-psychological and other variables which might be acting as constraints on farming behavior in terms of change. A survey was conducted of the whole population of 198 resident farm families; it included six…

Effects of water chemistry on the destabilization and sedimentation of commercial TiO2 nanoparticles: Role of double-layer compression and charge neutralization.

PubMed

Hsiung, Chia-En; Lien, Hsing-Lung; Galliano, Alexander Edward; Yeh, Chia-Shen; Shih, Yang-Hsin

2016-05-01

Nanomaterials are considered to be emerging contaminants because their release into the environment could cause a threat to our ecosystem and human health. This study aims to evaluate the effects of pH, ions, and humic acid on the destabilization and sedimentation of commercial stabilized TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in aquatic environments. The average hydrodynamic size of TiO2 NPs was determined to be 52 ± 19 nm by dynamic light scattering. The zero point charge (ZPC) of the commercial TiO2 NPs was found to occur at pH 6. The stability of commercial TiO2 NPs is independent of its concentration in the range of 50-200 mg/L. In the absence of NaCl, the commercial TiO2 NPs rapidly settled down near pHzpc when the aggregated nanoparticle size surpassed 1 μm. However, when the commercial TiO2 NPs aggregated with the increase of NaCl concentrations, the large aggregates (>1 μm) were found to remain suspended. For example, even at the critical aggregation concentration of NaCl (100 meq/L), TiO2 NP aggregates suspended for 45 min and then slowly deposited. This implies an increase in the exposure risk of NPs. In the presence of Suwannee river humic acid (SRHA), the commercial TiO2 NPs did not settle down until the SRHA concentration increased to 20 mg/L, and were seen to restabilize at SRHA concentrations of 50 mg/L. The uncommon behaviors of the commercial TiO2 NPs we observed may be attributed to the different destabilization mechanisms caused by different species (i.e., NaCl and SRHA) in water. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effects of Governance on Availability of Land for Agriculture and Conservation in Brazil.

PubMed

Sparovek, Gerd; Barretto, Alberto Giaroli de Oliveira Pereira; Matsumoto, Marcelo; Berndes, Göran

2015-09-01

The 2012 revision of the Brazilian Forest Act changed the relative importance of private and public governance for nature conservation and agricultural production. We present a spatially explicit land-use model for Brazilian agricultural production and nature conservation that considers the spatial distribution of agricultural land suitability, technological and management options, legal command, and control frameworks including the Atlantic Forest Law, the revised Forest Act, and the Amazonian land-titling, "Terra Legal," and also market-driven land use regulations. The model is used to analyze land use allocation under three scenarios with varying priorities among agricultural production and environmental protection objectives. In all scenarios, the legal command and control frameworks were the most important determinants of conservation outcomes, protecting at least 80% of the existing natural vegetation. Situations where such frameworks are not expected to be effective can be identified and targeted for additional conservation (beyond legal requirements) through voluntary actions or self-regulation in response to markets. All scenarios allow for a substantial increase in crop production, using an area 1.5-2.7 times the current cropland area, with much of new cropland occurring on current pastureland. Current public arrangements that promote conservation can, in conjunction with voluntary schemes on private lands where conversion to agriculture is favored, provide important additional nature conservation without conflicting with national agricultural production objectives.

77 FR 48168 - Correction for Notice of Realty Action; Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-13

... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Land Management [LLCAD09000.L14300000.ES0000; CACA- 051457] Correction for Notice of Realty Action; Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification; California AGENCY: Bureau of Land Management, Interior. ACTION: Correction SUMMARY: This notice corrects a Notice of Realty...

78 FR 46565 - National Advisory Committee for Implementation of the National Forest System Land Management...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-01

... National Forest System Land Management Planning Rule AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice of meeting. SUMMARY: The National Advisory Committee for Implementation of the National Forest System Land... Committee Act (FACA) (Pub. L. 92-463). The purpose of the Committee is to provide advice and recommendations...

Dealing with Endangered Species Issues on Private Lands.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thigpen, Jack

1995-01-01

A Travis County (Texas) survey of 1,270 landowners received 480 responses. Most respondents expected a large decline in agricultural land use and an increase in use for endangered species and wildlife habitats. Most were interested in educational programs but were unaware of provisions of the Endangered Species Act. (SK)

77 FR 33237 - Temporary Closures of Public Land in Washoe County, NV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-05

...As authorized under the provisions of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, 43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq., and pursuant to 43 CFR 8364.1, certain public land near Stead, Nevada, will be temporarily closed to all public use to provide for public safety during the 2012 Reno Air Racing Association Pylon Racing Seminar and the Reno National Championship Air Races.

Amos Brown and the American Land Grant College Movement. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lang, Daniel W.

This paper reviews the effects of the Agricultural College Act (1862), which established land grant colleges, on higher education in the United States, focusing largely on the role of Amos Brown, president of The People's College in New York, which served as a model for the Agricultural College Act. Brown's role in the founding of the college in…

Historically Black Land-Grant Institutions and the Development of Agriculture and Home Economics, 1890-1990.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neyland, Leedell W.

Since 1890, historically black land-grant colleges and universities have delivered quality teaching, research, and extension service primarily to black people in Southern and border states. The Second Morrill Act of 1890 required that all land-grant funds be equitably divided in states that maintained separate schools for races. Tuskeegee…

Bioeconomic analysis supports the endangered species act.

PubMed

Salau, Kehinde R; Fenichel, Eli P

2015-10-01

The United States Endangered Species Act (ESA) was enacted to protect and restore declining fish, wildlife, and plant populations. The ESA mandates endangered species protection irrespective of costs. This translates to the restriction of activities that harm endangered populations. We discuss criticisms of the ESA in the context of public land management and examine under what circumstance banning non-conservation activity on multiple use federal lands can be socially optimal. We develop a bioeconomic model to frame the species management problem under the ESA and identify scenarios where ESA-imposed regulations emerge as optimal strategies. Results suggest that banning harmful activities is a preferred strategy when valued endangered species are in decline or exposed to poor habitat quality. However, it is not optimal to sustain such a strategy in perpetuity. An optimal plan involves a switch to land-use practices characteristic of habitat conservation plans.

76 FR 60524 - Notice of Realty Action: Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification and Conveyance of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-29

...-83291] Notice of Realty Action: Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification and Conveyance of... Action. SUMMARY: The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has examined and found suitable for classification... this classification and conveyance of public land until November 14, 2011. ADDRESSES: Comments may be...

75 FR 26789 - Notice of Realty Action; Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification for Conveyance of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-12

...-87630] Notice of Realty Action; Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification for Conveyance of... Action. SUMMARY: The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has examined and found suitable for classification... this classification for conveyance of public land until June 28, 2010. ADDRESSES: Comments may be...

76 FR 24514 - Notice of Temporary Closures on Public Lands in Washoe County, NV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-02

...As authorized under the provisions of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, notice is hereby given that certain public lands near Stead, Nevada, will be temporarily closed to all public use to provide for public safety during the 2011 Reno Air Racing Association Pylon Racing Seminar and the Reno National Championship Air Races.

75 FR 38548 - Notice of Temporary Closures of Public Lands in Washoe County, NV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-02

...As authorized under the provisions of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, notice is hereby given that certain public lands near Stead, Nevada, will be temporarily closed to all public use to provide for public safety during the 2010 Reno Air Racing Association Pylon Racing Seminar and the Reno National Championship Air Races.

76 FR 59714 - Notice of Submission of Proposed Information Collection to OMB Interstate Land Sales Full...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-27

... Proposed Information Collection to OMB Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Requirements AGENCY: Office of... subject proposal. The Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act, 15 U.S.C. 1701, et seq., requires... purchaser a property report that meets HUD's requirements before the purchaser signs the sales contract or...

Effect of land use land cover change on soil erosion potential in an agricultural watershed.

PubMed

Sharma, Arabinda; Tiwari, Kamlesh N; Bhadoria, P B S

2011-02-01

Universal soil loss equation (USLE) was used in conjunction with a geographic information system to determine the influence of land use and land cover change (LUCC) on soil erosion potential of a reservoir catchment during the period 1989 to 2004. Results showed that the mean soil erosion potential of the watershed was increased slightly from 12.11 t ha(-1) year(-1) in the year 1989 to 13.21 t ha(-1) year(-1) in the year 2004. Spatial analysis revealed that the disappearance of forest patches from relatively flat areas, increased in wasteland in steep slope, and intensification of cultivation practice in relatively more erosion-prone soil were the main factors contributing toward the increased soil erosion potential of the watershed during the study period. Results indicated that transition of other land use land cover (LUC) categories to cropland was the most detrimental to watershed in terms of soil loss while forest acted as the most effective barrier to soil loss. A p value of 0.5503 obtained for two-tailed paired t test between the mean erosion potential of microwatersheds in 1989 and 2004 also indicated towards a moderate change in soil erosion potential of the watershed over the studied period. This study revealed that the spatial location of LUC parcels with respect to terrain and associated soil properties should be an important consideration in soil erosion assessment process.

Experiments for Ka-band mobile applications: The ACTS mobile terminal

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Estabrook, Polly; Dessouky, Khaled; Jedrey, Thomas

1990-01-01

To explore the potential of Ka-band to support mobile satellite services, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has initiated the design and development of a Ka-band land-mobile terminal to be used with the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS). The planned experimental setup with ACTS is described. Brief functional descriptions of the mobile and fixed terminals are provided. The inputs required from the propagation community to support the design activities and the planned experiments are also discussed.

34 CFR 222.161 - How is State aid treated under section 8009 of the Act?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... residing on Indian lands) or payments under section 8003(d) of the Act (children with disabilities... Indian lands). (D) Section 3(d)(3)(B)(ii) (increase for unusual geographical factors). (2) No State aid... definitions apply to this subpart: Current expenditures means the total charges incurred for the benefit of...

Irrigated acreage and other land uses on the Snake River Plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lindholm, Gerald F.; Goodell, S.A.

1986-01-01

Prompted by the need for a current, accurate, and repeatable delineation of irrigated acreage on the Snake River Plain, the U.S. Geological Survey entered into a cooperative agreement with the Idaho Department of Water Resources Image Analysis Facility and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to delineate 1980 land use form Landsat data. Irrigated acreage data were needed as input to groundwater flow models developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in a study of the regional aquifer system underlying the Snake River Plain. Single-date digital multispectral scanner data analyzed to delineate land-use classes. Source of irrigation water (surface water, ground water, and combined) was determined from county maps of 1975 water-related land use, data from previous investigations, and field checking. Surface-water diversions for irrigation on the Snake River Plain began in the 1840's. With the stimulus of Federal aid authorized by the Desert Land Act, Carey Act, and Reclamation Act, irrigated area increased rapidly in the early 1900's. By 1929, 2.2 million acres were irrigated. Ground water became and important source of irrigation water after World War II. In 1980, about 3.1 million acres of the Snake River Plain were irrigate: 2.0 million acres with surface water, 1.0 million with ground water, and 0.1 million with combined surface and ground water. About 5.2 million acres (half of the plain) are undeveloped rangeland, 1.0 million acres (one-tenth) are classified as barren. The remaining land is a mixture of dryland agriculture, water bodies, wetland, forests, and urban areas.

15 CFR 923.43 - Direct State land and water use planning and regulation-Technique B.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF COMMERCE OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM REGULATIONS... subsection 306(d)(11) of the Act for control of land and water uses within the coastal zone. The second such... specific to coastal management and the requirements of this Act. (2) Networking—The utilization of...

78 FR 75577 - Notice of Realty Action: Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification; Lease and Conveyance...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-12

...] Notice of Realty Action: Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification; Lease and Conveyance of... public land in Do[ntilde]a Ana County, New Mexico, and found them suitable for classification for lease.... DATES: Interested parties may submit written comments regarding the proposed classification of the land...

76 FR 7878 - Notice of Availability of the Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Westside Land...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-11

... infrastructure, and which exclude certain known eligible cultural sites, would be conveyed; approximately 9,740... act of appropriation, for the acquisition of land, and interests in land, in the Worland District (now... access, fish and wildlife habitat, or cultural resources. On February 22, 2005, the BLM published in the...

Geothermal Induced Seismicity National Environmental Policy Act Review

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Levine, Aaron L; Cook, Jeffrey J; Beckers, Koenraad J

This presentation reviews four National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) documents to understand how Federal agencies, including the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and Department of Energy, review and analyze the potential impacts to the human environment when funding or approving permits for enhanced geothermal system with the potential for induced seismicity.

14 CFR 29.485 - Lateral drift landing conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., side loads of 0.8 times the vertical reaction acting inward on one side and 0.6 times the vertical... load of 0.8 times the vertical reaction combined with the vertical load specified in paragraph (a) of...— (1) Side loads combined with one-half of the maximum ground reactions obtained in the level landing...

14 CFR 29.485 - Lateral drift landing conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., side loads of 0.8 times the vertical reaction acting inward on one side and 0.6 times the vertical... load of 0.8 times the vertical reaction combined with the vertical load specified in paragraph (a) of...— (1) Side loads combined with one-half of the maximum ground reactions obtained in the level landing...

14 CFR 27.485 - Lateral drift landing conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., side loads of 0.8 times the vertical reaction acting inward on one side, and 0.6 times the vertical... load of 0.8 times the vertical reaction combined with the vertical load specified in paragraph (a) of...— (1) Side loads combined with one-half of the maximum ground reactions obtained in the level landing...

14 CFR 27.485 - Lateral drift landing conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., side loads of 0.8 times the vertical reaction acting inward on one side, and 0.6 times the vertical... load of 0.8 times the vertical reaction combined with the vertical load specified in paragraph (a) of...— (1) Side loads combined with one-half of the maximum ground reactions obtained in the level landing...

14 CFR 27.485 - Lateral drift landing conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., side loads of 0.8 times the vertical reaction acting inward on one side, and 0.6 times the vertical... load of 0.8 times the vertical reaction combined with the vertical load specified in paragraph (a) of...— (1) Side loads combined with one-half of the maximum ground reactions obtained in the level landing...

14 CFR 29.485 - Lateral drift landing conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., side loads of 0.8 times the vertical reaction acting inward on one side and 0.6 times the vertical... load of 0.8 times the vertical reaction combined with the vertical load specified in paragraph (a) of...— (1) Side loads combined with one-half of the maximum ground reactions obtained in the level landing...

Land use/land cover and land capability data for evaluating land utilization and official land use planning in Indramayu Regency, West Java, Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ambarwulan, W.; Widiatmaka; Nahib, I.

2018-05-01

Land utilization in Indonesia is regulated in an official spatial land use planning (OSLUP), stipulated by government regulations. However in fact, land utilizations are often develops inconsistent with regulations. OSLUP itself is also not usually compatible with sustainable land utilizations. This study aims to evaluate current land utilizations and OSLUP in Indramayu Regency, West Java. The methodology used is the integrated analysis using land use and land cover (LU/LC) data, land capability data and spatial pattern in OSLUP. Actual LU/LC are interpreted using SPOT-6 imagery of 2014. The spatial data of land capabilities are derived from land capability classification using field data and laboratory analysis. The confrontation between these spatial data is interpreted in terms of future direction for sustainable land use planning. The results shows that Indramayu regency consists of 8 types of LU/LC. Land capability in research area range from class II to VIII. Only a small portion of the land in Indramayu has been used in accordance with land capability, but most of the land is used exceeding its land capability.

43 CFR 2.27 - How will a bureau handle a request for information that is contained in a Privacy Act system of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false How will a bureau handle a request for information that is contained in a Privacy Act system of records? (See DOI's Privacy Act regulations (Subpart G of this part) for additional information.) 2.27 Section 2.27 Public Lands: Interior Office of the Secretary of the Interior RECORDS AND...

75 FR 1653 - Notice of Realty Action: Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification, Lease and Conveyance...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-12

...; 4500007763; IDI-36028] Notice of Realty Action: Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification, Lease and... comments regarding this proposed classification and lease or sale of this public land until February 26... classification are restricted to whether the land is physically suited for the proposal, whether the use will...

43 CFR 1610.5-7 - Situations where action can be taken based on another agency's plan, or a land use analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Federal ownership interest in the surface or when coal resources are insufficient to justify plan preparation costs. The land use analysis process, as authorized by the Federal Coal Leasing Amendments Act... Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GENERAL...

43 CFR 1610.5-7 - Situations where action can be taken based on another agency's plan, or a land use analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Federal ownership interest in the surface or when coal resources are insufficient to justify plan preparation costs. The land use analysis process, as authorized by the Federal Coal Leasing Amendments Act... Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GENERAL...

43 CFR 1610.5-7 - Situations where action can be taken based on another agency's plan, or a land use analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Federal ownership interest in the surface or when coal resources are insufficient to justify plan preparation costs. The land use analysis process, as authorized by the Federal Coal Leasing Amendments Act... Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GENERAL...

43 CFR 1610.5-7 - Situations where action can be taken based on another agency's plan, or a land use analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Federal ownership interest in the surface or when coal resources are insufficient to justify plan preparation costs. The land use analysis process, as authorized by the Federal Coal Leasing Amendments Act... Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GENERAL...

Land-use planning: One geologist's viewpoint

USGS Publications Warehouse

Zen, E.-A.

1983-01-01

Planning for the best use of land and its resources should take fully into consideration the long-term consequences of each type of use in order to stretch out most beneficially the well-being of society in the future, and to protect the integrity of the land and its biota. Three kinds of land-use can be distinguished for planning purposes. Reversible land-use leaves the land, after use, essentially as it was before; little or no man-induced modification remains. An example of reversible use in the United States is the designation of certain public lands as Wilderness. Terminal land-use commits the land to a chosen particular use, and any attempt at reversal requires either time-scales that are long compared with the expected lifespan of the social and political institution, or a commitment of resources that is too high for society to consider worth bearing. Examples of terminal land-use are location of metropolises and sites of toxic and/or radioactive waste disposals; by its nature the list grows monotonically. A current source of some social tension arises from the fact that Wilderness designation appears to assign a terminal-use status by legislative fiat, whereas in fact the land is being used reversibly. In between these two extremes of reversible and terminal land-use, the bulk of land-use is sequential, in which each use of land changes its potentials and configurations, and these changes are mainly irreversible. One goal of geologic input to land-use planning is to identify the various pathways along which a given land may be used, in order to extract the greatest benefit to society with the least harm to the land and its life. The proposed planning format consists of identification of (1) types of land, (2) types of use, (3) nature of consumption of resources when (2) acts upon (1), (4) identification of alternative pathways of land recovery to the original or some new state, and (5) due consideration of potentials for future use. Some consumptions are

43 CFR 17.300 - What is the purpose of the Age Discrimination Act of 1975?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false What is the purpose of the Age Discrimination Act of 1975? 17.300 Section 17.300 Public Lands: Interior Office of the Secretary of the Interior NONDISCRIMINATION IN FEDERALLY ASSISTED PROGRAMS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Nondiscrimination on the Basis of...

Adeline Hornbek and the Homestead Act: A Colorado Success Story. Teaching with Historic Places.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weber, Laine

This lesson explores the life of Adeline Hornbek, a single mother of four who became a successful homesteader in Colorado by taking advantage of the Homestead Act of 1862, which allowed unmarried, widowed, or divorced women to claim land as head of a household. The lesson can be used for teaching about the Homestead Act, the western expansion, or…

Forecasts of county-level land uses under three future scenarios: a technical document supporting the Forest Service 2010 RPA Assessment

Treesearch

David N. Wear

2011-01-01

Accurately forecasting future forest conditions and the implications for ecosystem services depends on understanding land use dynamics. In support of the 2010 Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment, we forecast changes in land uses for the coterminous United States in response to three scenarios. Our land use models forecast urbanization in response to the...

GIS/RS-based Rapid Reassessment for Slope Land Capability Classification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, T. Y.; Chompuchan, C.

2014-12-01

Farmland resources in Taiwan are limited because about 73% is mountainous and slope land. Moreover, the rapid urbanization and dense population resulted in the highly developed flat area. Therefore, the utilization of slope land for agriculture is more needed. In 1976, "Slope Land Conservation and Utilization Act" was promulgated to regulate the slope land utilization. Consequently, slope land capability was categorized into Class I-IV according to 4 criteria, i.e., average land slope, effective soil depth, degree of soil erosion, and parent rock. The slope land capability Class I-VI are suitable for cultivation and pasture. Whereas, Class V should be used for forestry purpose and Class VI should be the conservation land which requires intensive conservation practices. The field survey was conducted to categorize each land unit as the classification scheme. The landowners may not allow to overuse land capability limitation. In the last decade, typhoons and landslides frequently devastated in Taiwan. The rapid post-disaster reassessment of the slope land capability classification is necessary. However, the large-scale disaster on slope land is the constraint of field investigation. This study focused on using satellite remote sensing and GIS as the rapid re-evaluation method. Chenyulan watershed in Nantou County, Taiwan was selected to be a case study area. Grid-based slope derivation, topographic wetness index (TWI) and USLE soil loss calculation were used to classify slope land capability. The results showed that GIS-based classification give an overall accuracy of 68.32%. In addition, the post-disaster areas of Typhoon Morakot in 2009, which interpreted by SPOT satellite imageries, were suggested to classify as the conservation lands. These tools perform better in the large coverage post-disaster update for slope land capability classification and reduce time-consuming, manpower and material resources to the field investigation.

Formation of Land Use Order in Hamamatsu City under the Original Criteria of the Farm Land Exclusion from the Agricultural Promotion Area

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arita, Hiroyuki; Miyazawa, Shingo

While zoning has been practiced to prevent sprawling development and to preserve collective farmland under the Agriculture Promotion Act, The Agricultural Promotion Area (APA) has been reduced in area by the action of the Farm Land Exclusion from the APA (EAPA) aiming at urban-uses. Since the EAPA has a great impact on the regional land use, appropriate criteria application techniques ought to be formulated at the transaction level. However, most local governments seem to have no strategic measure so far. Hamamatsu city, meanwhile, has introduced a unique standard upon which approval of the EAPA aptitude is based in 2003. Since the number of EAPA registration was relatively large in Hamamatsu city owing to the zone bordering on the line of land which a building has erected the officials' willingness to establish an objective standard was high. In this research, we verified the effect of the criteria application over the land use ordering, and made proposals for improvement of the present state through the examination of the EAPA criterion application of Hamamatsu city.

Lands with Wilderness Characteristics, Resource Management Plan Constraints, and Land Exchanges: Cross-Jurisdictional Management and Impacts on Unconventional Fuel Development in Utah's Uinta Basin

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Keiter, Robert; Ruple, John; Holt, Rebecca

issued Secretarial Order 3310, Protecting Wilderness Characteristics on Lands Managed by the Bureau of Land Management. Supporters argue that the Order merely provides guidance regarding implementation of existing legal obligations without creating new rights or duties. Opponents describe Order 3310 as subverting congressional authority to designate Wilderness Areas and as closing millions of acres of public lands to energy development and commodity production. While opponents succeeded in temporarily defunding the Order’s implementation and forcing the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to adopt a more collaborative approach, the fundamental questions remain: Which federal public lands possess wilderness characteristics and how should those lands be managed? The closely related question is: How might management of such resources impact unconventional fuel development within Utah? These questions remain pressing independent of the Order because the BLM, which manages the majority of federal land in Utah, is statutorily obligated to maintain an up-to-date inventory of federal public lands and the resources they contain, including lands with wilderness characteristics. The BLM is also legally obligated to develop and periodically update land use plans, relying on information obtained in its public lands inventory. The BLM cannot sidestep these hard choices, and failure to consider wilderness characteristics during the planning process will derail the planning effort. Based on an analysis of the most recent inventory data, lands with wilderness characteristics — whether already subject to mandatory protection under the Wilderness Act, subject to discretionary protections as part of BLM Resource Management Plan revisions, or potentially subject to new protections under Order 3310 — are unlikely to profoundly impact oil shale development within Utah’s Uinta Basin. Lands with wilderness characteristics are likely to v have a greater impact on oil sands resources

76 FR 59157 - Public Land Order No. 7783; Extension of Withdrawal Created by Subtitle A of Public Law 104-201; CO

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-23

... the Act. The withdrawal extension is necessary to continue protection and use of the lands for... Relay Service (FIRS) at 1-800-877-8339 to reach the Bureau of Land Management contact during normal...

77 FR 7179 - Notice of Intent To Prepare a Draft Environmental Impact Statement for a Proposed Land Exchange...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-10

...] Notice of Intent To Prepare a Draft Environmental Impact Statement for a Proposed Land Exchange Between.... ACTION: Notice of intent. SUMMARY: In compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA... Land Management (BLM) Palm Springs-South Coast Field Office intends to prepare a Draft Environmental...

Effects of land management strategies on the dispersal pattern of a beneficial arthropod.

PubMed

Marchi, Chiara; Andersen, Liselotte Wesley; Loeschcke, Volker

2013-01-01

Several arthropods are known to be highly beneficial to agricultural production. Consequently it is of great relevance to study the importance of land management and land composition for the conservation of beneficial aphid-predator arthropod species in agricultural areas. Therefore our study focusing on the beneficial arthropod Bembidion lampros had two main purposes: I) identifying the physical barriers to the species' dispersal in the agricultural landscape, and II) assessing the effect of different land management strategies (i.e. use of pesticides and intensiveness) on the dispersal patterns. The study was conducted using genetic analysis (microsatellite markers) applied to samples from two agricultural areas (in Denmark) with different agricultural intensity. Land management effects on dispersal patterns were investigated with particular focus on: physical barriers, use of pesticide and intensity of cultivation. The results showed that Bembidion lampros disperse preferably through hedges rather than fields, which act as physical barriers to gene flow. Moreover the results support the hypothesis that organic fields act as reservoirs for the re-colonization of conventional fields, but only when cultivation intensity is low. These results show the importance of non-cultivated areas and of low intensity organic managed areas within the agricultural landscape as corridors for dispersal (also for a species typically found within fields). Hence, the hypothesis that pesticide use cannot be used as the sole predictor of agriculture's effect on wild species is supported as land structure and agricultural intensity can be just as important.

Land Use and Land Cover Change

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brown, Daniel; Polsky, Colin; Bolstad, Paul V.

2014-05-01

A contribution to the 3rd National Climate Assessment report, discussing the following key messages: 1. Choices about land-use and land-cover patterns have affected and will continue to affect how vulnerable or resilient human communities and ecosystems are to the effects of climate change. 2. Land-use and land-cover changes affect local, regional, and global climate processes. 3. Individuals, organizations, and governments have the capacity to make land-use decisions to adapt to the effects of climate change. 4. Choices about land use and land management provide a means of reducing atmospheric greenhouse gas levels.

75 FR 14625 - Notice of Realty Action: Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification, Clark County, NV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-26

... Classification, Clark County, NV AGENCY: Bureau of Land Management, Interior. ACTION: Notice of realty action... conveyance of approximately 2.5 acres of public land in Las Vegas, Clark County, Nevada. The City proposes to... Clark County. In accordance with the R&PP Act, the City of Las Vegas filed an R&PP application to...

75 FR 14626 - Notice of Realty Action: Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification, Clark County, NV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-26

... Classification, Clark County, NV AGENCY: Bureau of Land Management, Interior. ACTION: Notice of realty action... or conveyance of approximately 7.5 acres of public land in Las Vegas, Clark County, Nevada. The City..., more or less, in Clark County. In accordance with the R&PP Act, the City of Las Vegas filed an R&PP...

76 FR 2413 - Notice of Realty Action: Direct Sale of Public Land in Lawrence County, SD

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-13

... Dakota, to Keith Sauls for the appraised fair market value of $183. DATES: Comments regarding the... Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA), as amended (43 U.S.C. 1713 and 1719); Black Hills Meridian T. 5 N., R. 3 E... proposes to sell this land to Keith Sauls for the appraised fair market value of $183. The public land is...

The Lake Tahoe Basin Land Use Simulation Model

USGS Publications Warehouse

Forney, William M.; Oldham, I. Benson

2011-01-01

This U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report describes the final modeling product for the Tahoe Decision Support System project for the Lake Tahoe Basin funded by the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act and the U.S. Geological Survey's Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program. This research was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey Western Geographic Science Center. The purpose of this report is to describe the basic elements of the novel Lake Tahoe Basin Land Use Simulation Model, publish samples of the data inputs, basic outputs of the model, and the details of the Python code. The results of this report include a basic description of the Land Use Simulation Model, descriptions and summary statistics of model inputs, two figures showing the graphical user interface from the web-based tool, samples of the two input files, seven tables of basic output results from the web-based tool and descriptions of their parameters, and the fully functional Python code.

43 CFR 404.58 - Do rural water projects authorized before the enactment of the Rural Water Supply Act of 2006...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Do rural water projects authorized before the enactment of the Rural Water Supply Act of 2006 have to comply with the requirements in this rule? 404.58 Section 404.58 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands BUREAU OF RECLAMATION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR RECLAMATION...

43 CFR 404.58 - Do rural water projects authorized before the enactment of the Rural Water Supply Act of 2006...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Do rural water projects authorized before the enactment of the Rural Water Supply Act of 2006 have to comply with the requirements in this rule? 404.58 Section 404.58 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands BUREAU OF RECLAMATION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR RECLAMATION...

43 CFR 404.58 - Do rural water projects authorized before the enactment of the Rural Water Supply Act of 2006...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Do rural water projects authorized before the enactment of the Rural Water Supply Act of 2006 have to comply with the requirements in this rule? 404.58 Section 404.58 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands BUREAU OF RECLAMATION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR RECLAMATION...

43 CFR 404.58 - Do rural water projects authorized before the enactment of the Rural Water Supply Act of 2006...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Do rural water projects authorized before the enactment of the Rural Water Supply Act of 2006 have to comply with the requirements in this rule? 404.58 Section 404.58 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands BUREAU OF RECLAMATION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR RECLAMATION...

The Human Settlements Authority Act, 1988 (No. 2 of 1988), 4 June 1986.

PubMed

1988-01-01

This Act establishes in Swaziland the Human Settlements Authority, whose members are appointed by the Minister responsible for human settlements. The Authority shall "1) assist the Government in formulating policy relating to human settlements and uphold and give effect to such policy; 2) ensure the orderly development of existing and future urban and rural settlements; 3) establish a finance mechanism for ensuring the supply and maintenance of improved shelter and infrastructure throughout Swaziland, which shall include a system of revenue recovery; 4) prepare appropriate standards for the provision of land, shelter and infrastructure by both private and public developers; 5) regulate real estate transactions including the standardization of lease agreements, rent control and sale of land and buildings; 6) encourage and support research in appropriate methods of providing affordable shelter and infrastructure; and 7) perform all other acts or things as are required by this Act." Under the Act, no person shall establish a human settlement, housing scheme, or private housing scheme without the written permission of the Authority. Further provisions of the Act deal with the membership and meetings of the Authority, the granting of permission for human settlements, and human settlement development plans, among other things. On 4 June 1986, the Government of Swaziland also enacted the National Housing Board Act, 1988 (No. 3 of 1988). This Act establishes a National Housing Board, subject to the provisions of the Human Settlements Act, 1988, to "provide affordable housing generally in Swaziland and take over such housing schemes as the Government may determine." Further provisions of the Act deal with the functions, membership, finances, staffing, assets, and administration of the Board. See Swaziland Government Gazette, Extraordinary, Vol. 26, No. 581, 2 March 1988, pp. S6-S11. full text

National Rural Health Association

MedlinePlus

... Medical Education Conference Quality and Clinical Conference SRHA Leadership Conference Rural Health Clinic Conference Critical Access Hospital ... Community Hospitals Board of Trustees Constituency Groups NRHA Leadership NRHA Elections NRHA Presidents Organizational History Staff Directory ...

Lunar Cold Trap Contamination by Landing Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shipley, Scott T.; Metzger, Philip T.; Lane, John E.

2014-01-01

Tools have been developed to model and simulate the effects of lunar landing vehicles on the lunar environment (Metzger, 2011), mostly addressing the effects of regolith erosion by rocket plumes and the fate of the ejected lunar soil particles (Metzger, 2010). These tools are being applied at KSC to predict ejecta from the upcoming Google Lunar X-Prize Landers and how they may damage the historic Apollo landing sites. The emerging interest in lunar mining poses a threat of contamination to pristine craters at the lunar poles, which act as "cold traps" for water and may harbor other valuable minerals Crider and Vondrak (2002). The KSC Granular Mechanics and Regolith Operations Lab tools have been expanded to address the probability for contamination of these pristine "cold trap" craters.

Land cover change or land-use intensification: simulating land system change with a global-scale land change model.

PubMed

van Asselen, Sanneke; Verburg, Peter H

2013-12-01

Land-use change is both a cause and consequence of many biophysical and socioeconomic changes. The CLUMondo model provides an innovative approach for global land-use change modeling to support integrated assessments. Demands for goods and services are, in the model, supplied by a variety of land systems that are characterized by their land cover mosaic, the agricultural management intensity, and livestock. Land system changes are simulated by the model, driven by regional demand for goods and influenced by local factors that either constrain or promote land system conversion. A characteristic of the new model is the endogenous simulation of intensification of agricultural management versus expansion of arable land, and urban versus rural settlements expansion based on land availability in the neighborhood of the location. Model results for the OECD Environmental Outlook scenario show that allocation of increased agricultural production by either management intensification or area expansion varies both among and within world regions, providing useful insight into the land sparing versus land sharing debate. The land system approach allows the inclusion of different types of demand for goods and services from the land system as a driving factor of land system change. Simulation results are compared to observed changes over the 1970-2000 period and projections of other global and regional land change models. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

77 FR 67021 - Notice of Realty Action: Competitive Sealed-Bid Sale of Public Land in Clark County, NV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-08

... Land in Clark County, NV AGENCY: Bureau of Land Management, Interior. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The.../4\\SW\\1/4\\. The area described contains 12.5 acres, more or less, in Clark County. The map...-63015 for road purposes granted to Clark County, its successors or assigns, pursuant to the Act of...

Accelerated deforestation driven by large-scale land acquisitions in Cambodia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davis, Kyle Frankel; Yu, Kailiang; Rulli, Maria Cristina; Pichdara, Lonn; D'Odorico, Paolo

2015-10-01

Investment in agricultural land in the developing world has rapidly increased in the past two decades. In Cambodia, there has been a surge in economic land concessions, in which long-term leases are provided to foreign and domestic investors for economic development. More than two million hectares have been leased so far, sparking debate over the consequences for local communities and the environment. Here we combined official records of concession locations with a high-resolution data set of changes in forest cover to quantify the contribution of land concessions to deforestation between 2000 and 2012. We used covariate matching to control for variables other than classification as a concession that may influence forest loss. Nearly half of the area where concessions were granted between 2000 and 2012 was forested in 2000; this area then represented 12.4% of forest land cover in Cambodia. Within concessions, the annual rate of forest loss was between 29% and 105% higher than in comparable land areas outside concessions. Most of the deforestation within concessions occurred after the contract date, and whether an investor was domestic or foreign had no effect on deforestation rates. We conclude that land acquisitions can act as powerful drivers of deforestation.

Hierarchical Marginal Land Assessment for Land Use Planning

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kang, Shujiang; Post, Wilfred M; Wang, Dali

2013-01-01

Marginal land provides an alternative potential for food and bioenergy production in the face of limited land resources; however, effective assessment of marginal lands is not well addressed. Concerns over environmental risks, ecosystem services and sustainability for marginal land have been widely raised. The objective of this study was to develop a hierarchical marginal land assessment framework for land use planning and management. We first identified major land functions linking production, environment, ecosystem services and economics, and then classified land resources into four categories of marginal land using suitability and limitations associated with major management goals, including physically marginal land,more » biologically marginal land, environmental-ecological marginal land, and economically marginal land. We tested this assessment framework in south-western Michigan, USA. Our results indicated that this marginal land assessment framework can be potentially feasible on land use planning for food and bioenergy production, and balancing multiple goals of land use management. We also compared our results with marginal land assessment from the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and land capability classes (LCC) that are used in the US. The hierarchical assessment framework has advantages of quantitatively reflecting land functions and multiple concerns. This provides a foundation upon which focused studies can be identified in order to improve the assessment framework by quantifying high-resolution land functions associated with environment and ecosystem services as well as their criteria are needed to improve the assessment framework.« less

Statistics of Land-Grant Colleges and Universities, Year Ended June 30, 1953. Bulletin, 1954, No. 8

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carlson, Neva A.

1954-01-01

Under the provisions of the Morrill Act of 1862, the income from certain public lands, or the equivalent in script, was granted to the States for the advancement of instruction in agriculture and the mechanic arts in at least one college in each State. Subsequent acts expanded the scope and increased the Federal support of the colleges and…

78 FR 70499 - Private Land Mobile Radio Stations Below 800 MHz

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-26

... FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 47 CFR Part 90 [WP Docket No. 07-100; FCC 13-52] Private Land..., 2013. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Scot Stone, Federal Communications Commission, Wireless.... 154(i), 309(j) and 332 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended. Total Annual Burden: 8,231 hours...

77 FR 33391 - Subsistence Management Program for Public Lands in Alaska

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-06

... Board, c/o U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Attention: Peter J. Probasco, Office of Subsistence... National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA) (16 U.S.C. 3111-3126), the Secretary of the Interior and... Structure; Subpart C, Board Determinations; and Subpart D, Subsistence Taking of Fish and Wildlife...

Health Impact Assessment, Physical Activity and Federal Lands Trail Policy

PubMed Central

Davis, Sally M.; Cruz, Theresa H.; Kozoll, Richard L.

2016-01-01

Objectives The objectives of this paper are to describe the application of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) to inform trail decisions affecting a rural, under-resourced community and propose the routine integration of HIAs to enhance NEPA environmental assessments and environmental impact statements for trail decisions on federal lands. Methods Screening, scoping, assessment, recommendations, reporting, monitoring and evaluation are being used to examine the health impact of trail location and design. Results HIA recommendations are being integrated into the public lands National Environmental Protection Act process for planning access to a new segment of the Continental Divide National Scenic Trail. Potential users from a nearby rural New Mexico community and a region of almost one million may benefit from this HIA-informed planning. Conclusions HIA can be integrated into the policy and decision-making process for trails on public lands. PMID:27213163

48 CFR 352.242-72 - Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... individuals and organizations when they discover Native American cultural items (including human remains) on Federal or Tribal lands. (b) In the event the Contractor discovers Native American cultural items... cultural patrimony), as defined in the Act during contract performance, the Contractor shall— (i...

48 CFR 352.242-72 - Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... individuals and organizations when they discover Native American cultural items (including human remains) on Federal or Tribal lands. (b) In the event the Contractor discovers Native American cultural items... cultural patrimony), as defined in the Act during contract performance, the Contractor shall— (i...

Understanding the global land-use marketplace

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belward, Alan

2013-04-01

Over 7 billion humans inhabit Earth and our population increases by more than a hundred per minute. Satisfying the resource demands of seven-plus billion people whilst sustaining the Earth System is a delicate balancing act. We need to balance resource use with regenerative capacity and this balance must avoid tipping points beyond which return and recovery are impossible. Tipping points in the physical, biogeochemical and ecological components of the Earth System have all been proposed - adding the global land-use marketplace to such a list may not be obvious but it undeniably deserves attention. The land is where most humans live most of the time. It meets most food, fuel, freshwater and fibre requirements and shapes Earth's climate. As land is essentially a finite resource this leads to intense competition. Monetizing land resources is nothing new. Choice of agricultural practice has long been governed in part by economics. But in recent years monetization has extended to include new dimensions such as carbon trading and biodiversity offsetting. Our land-use marketplace now has to optimise food, fibre and fuel production whilst maintaining and enhancing land's role as a carbon sink, a hydrologic reservoir and a support for biological diversity. International (and national) environmental policies aim to find a balance between such competing uses. These policies call for accurate, accountable and timely evidence concerning how, when and where land resources are changing. In 2013 the European Space Agency will launch the first of the Copernicus programme's Earth Observing Sentinel satellites. These technologically advanced systems are matched to data acquisition and processing strategies that should provide scientific evidence concerning the land on an unprecedented scale. This paper provides one vision of how Earth science will benefit from the Sentinels and their associated services and how this science will subsequently inform and shape policies, especially

Property tax impacts of current-use assessment of forest and other rural land in Tennessee

Treesearch

Clifford A. Hickman

1982-01-01

The Tennessee legislative act to help prevent the premature and forced development of rural lands is analyzed regarding its usage and its effect on taxes of participating and nonparticipating property owners.

Field Sampling Plan for Closure of the Central Facilities Area Sewage Treatment Plant Lagoon 3 and Land Application Area

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lewis, Michael George

This field sampling plan describes sampling of the soil/liner of Lagoon 3 at the Central Facilities Area Sewage Treatment Plant. The lagoon is to be closed, and samples obtained from the soil/liner will provide information to determine if Lagoon 3 and the land application area can be closed in a manner that renders it safe to human health and the environment. Samples collected under this field sampling plan will be compared to Idaho National Laboratory background soil concentrations. If the concentrations of constituents of concern exceed the background level, they will be compared to Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liabilitymore » Act preliminary remediation goals and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act levels. If the concentrations of constituents of concern are lower than the background levels, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act levels, or the preliminary remediation goals, then Lagoon 3 and the land application area will be closed. If the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act levels and/or the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act preliminary remediation goals are exceeded, additional sampling and action may be required.« less

The role of protected areas in land use/land cover change and the carbon cycle in the conterminous United States

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lu, Xiaoliang; Zhou, Yuyu; Liu, Yaling

Protected areas (PAs) cover about 22% of the conterminous United States. Understanding their role on historical land use and land cover change (LULCC) and on the carbon cycle is essential to provide guidance for environmental policies. In this study, we compiled historical LULCC and PAs data to explore these interactions within the terrestrial ecosystem model (TEM). We found that intensive LULCC occurred in the conterminous United States from 1700 to 2005. More than 3 million km2 of forest, grassland and shrublands were converted into agricultural lands, which caused 10,607 Tg C release from land ecosystems to atmosphere. PAs had experiencedmore » little LULCC as they were generally established in the 20th century after most of the agricultural expansion had occurred. PAs initially acted as a carbon source due to land use legacies, but their accumulated carbon budget switched to a carbon sink in the 1960s, sequestering an estimated 1,642 Tg C over 1700–2005, or 13.4% of carbon losses in non-PAs. We also find that PAs maintain larger carbon stocks and continue sequestering carbon in recent years (2001–2005), but at a lower rate due to increased heterotrophic respiration as well as lower productivity associated to aging ecosystems. It is essential to continue efforts to maintain resilient, biodiverse ecosystems and avoid large-scale disturbances that would release large amounts of carbon in PAs.« less

43 CFR 2430.4 - Additional criteria for classification of lands valuable for public purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... governmental agency and the authorized officer agree that there is no need for the perpetual dedication of the... the provisions of that Act are required to insure the continued dedication of the lands to such uses...

43 CFR 2430.4 - Additional criteria for classification of lands valuable for public purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... governmental agency and the authorized officer agree that there is no need for the perpetual dedication of the... the provisions of that Act are required to insure the continued dedication of the lands to such uses...

43 CFR 2430.4 - Additional criteria for classification of lands valuable for public purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... governmental agency and the authorized officer agree that there is no need for the perpetual dedication of the... the provisions of that Act are required to insure the continued dedication of the lands to such uses...

Land-use change and infectious disease in West Africa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thomson, M. C.; Ericksen, P. J.; Mohamed, A. Ben; Connor, S. J.

Land-use change has been associated with changes in the dynamics of infectious disease in West Africa. Here we describe the complex interactions of land-use change with three diseases (both vector- and non-vector-borne) of considerable public health significance in this region, namely, malaria and irrigation; epidemic meningitis and land degradation; onchocerciasis and deforestation. We highlight the confounding effect of climate variability, which acts as a driver of both land-use change and human health. We conclude, as have others, that the scale of observation always matters, and complex and dynamic feedbacks among social-ecological systems are not easily teased apart. We suggest that in order to establish the causal chain of interactions between land-use change and human health outcomes two approaches are necessary. The first is to have a thorough understanding of the aetiology of disease and the specific mechanisms by which land-use and climate variability affect the transmission of pathogens. This is achieved by focused, detailed studies encompassing a wide range of potential drivers, which are inevitably small scale and often cover short time periods. The second consists of large-scale studies of statistical associations between transmission indices or health outcomes and environmental variables stratified by known ecological or socio-economic confounders, and sufficient in size to overcome local biases in results. Such research activities need to be designed to inform each other if we are to develop predictive models for monitoring these diseases and to develop integrated programs for human health and sustainable land use.

[Spatial scale effect of land use landscape pattern in Yongdeng County, Gansu Province, China.

PubMed

Liu, Yuan Yuan; Liu, Xue Lu

2016-04-22

Based on "patch-corridor-matrix" pattern, spatial scale effect of landscape pattern was studied in Yongdeng County of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China. The results showed that the grassland was the matrix of landscape structure in the studied area, road and river played the corridor role, and the other landscape elements (cultivated land, forest land, garden land, residential land, industrial and mineral land, public management and service land, and the other land) acted as patches. The patch level index and the landscape level index all showed obvious dependence on spatial extent. The scale effect of patch index of different landscape elements existed differently in different extent intervals, so did the scale effect of the landscape level index. Within the extent of 1-20 km, the scale effect showed the most obvious difference between the element types and the index types, while it became smaller in 21-90 km, and disappeared beyond 90 km. 90 km×90 km might be the effective extent to study the dependence of spatial extent of landscape structure.

Land cover characterization and land surface parameterization research

USGS Publications Warehouse

Steyaert, Louis T.; Loveland, Thomas R.; Parton, William J.

1997-01-01

The understanding of land surface processes and their parameterization in atmospheric, hydrologic, and ecosystem models has been a dominant research theme over the past decade. For example, many studies have demonstrated the key role of land cover characteristics as controlling factors in determining land surface processes, such as the exchange of water, energy, carbon, and trace gases between the land surface and the lower atmosphere. The requirements for multiresolution land cover characteristics data to support coupled-systems modeling have also been well documented, including the need for data on land cover type, land use, and many seasonally variable land cover characteristics, such as albedo, leaf area index, canopy conductance, surface roughness, and net primary productivity. Recently, the developers of land data have worked more closely with the land surface process modelers in these efforts.

Calcareous forest seepages acting as biodiversity hotspots and refugia for woodland snail faunas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Horsák, Michal; Tajovská, Eva; Horsáková, Veronika

2017-07-01

Land-snail species richness has repeatedly been found to increase with the increasing site calcium content and humidity. These two factors, reported as the main drivers of land-snail assemblage diversity, are also among the main habitat characteristics of calcareous seepages. Here we explore local species richness and compositional variation of forest spring-fed patches (i.e. seepages), to test the hypothesis that these habitats might act as biodiversity hotspots and refugia of regional snail faunas. In contrast to treeless spring fens, only little is known about land snail faunas inhabiting forest seepages. Studying 25 isolated calcareous forest seepages, evenly distributed across the White Carpathians Protected Landscape Area (SE Czech Republic), we found that these sites, albeit spatially very limited, can harbour up to 66% of the shelled land-snail species known to occur in this well-explored protected area (in total 83 species). By comparing land snail assemblages of the studied seepages with those occurring in the woodland surroundings of each site as well as those previously sampled in 28 preserved forest sites within the study area, we found the seepages to be among the most species rich sites. Although the numbers of species did not statistically differ among these three systems, we found highly significant differences in species composition. Seepage faunas were composed of many species significantly associated with spring sites, in contrast to the assemblages of both surrounding and preserved forest sites. Our results highly support the hypothesis that calcareous forest seepages might serve as refugia and biodiversity hotspots of regional land snail faunas. Protection of these unique habitats challenges both conservation plans and forest management guidelines as they might act as sources for the recolonization and restoration of forest snail assemblages particularly in areas impoverished by harvesting and clearcutting.

When do local governments regulate land use to serve regional goals? Results of a survey tracking land use changes that support sustainable mobility : a research report from the National Center for Sustainable Transportation.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-08-01

An unprecedented effort to improve regional coordination and land use governance has been underway in California since 2008, when the state passed the Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Act (Senate Bill 375). The law complements earlier s...

Land Sales - Division of Mining, Land, and Water

Science.gov Websites

to Alaska Land Sales Public Notices Residential Land Auction #484 Agricultural Land Auction #485 Over for sale Agricultural Land Auction (#485)Open until June 7th This program allows anyone (resident or non-resident) to bid on a parcel of agricultural land. Agricultural land has covenants and conditions

Wildfire seasonality and land use: when do wildfires prefer to burn?

PubMed

Bajocco, Sofia; Pezzatti, Gianni Boris; Mazzoleni, Stefano; Ricotta, Carlo

2010-05-01

Because of the increasing anthropogenic fire activity, understanding the role of land-use in shaping wildfire regimes has become a major concern. In the last decade, an increasing number of studies have been carried out on the relationship between land-use and wildfire patterns, in order to identify land-use types where fire behaves selectively, showing a marked preference (or avoidance) in terms of fire incidence. By contrast, the temporal aspects of the relationship between landuse types and wildfire occurrence have received far less attention. The aim of this paper is, thus, to analyze the temporal patterns of fire occurrence in Sardinia (Italy) during the period 2000-2006 to identify land-use types where wildfires occur earlier or later than expected from a random null model. The study highlighted a close relationship between the timing of fire occurrence and land-cover that is primarily governed by two complementary processes: climatic factors that act indirectly on the timing of wildfires determining the spatial distribution of land-use types, and human population and human pressure that directly influence fire ignition. From a practical viewpoint, understanding the temporal trends of wildfires within the different land-use classes can be an effective decision-support tool for fire agencies in managing fire risk and for producing provisional models of fire behavior under changing climatic scenarios and evolving landscapes.

Effect of water table dynamics on land surface hydrologic memory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lo, Min-Hui; Famiglietti, James S.

2010-11-01

The representation of groundwater dynamics in land surface models has received considerable attention in recent years. Most studies have found that soil moisture increases after adding a groundwater component because of the additional supply of water to the root zone. However, the effect of groundwater on land surface hydrologic memory (persistence) has not been explored thoroughly. In this study we investigate the effect of water table dynamics on National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Land Model hydrologic simulations in terms of land surface hydrologic memory. Unlike soil water or evapotranspiration, results show that land surface hydrologic memory does not always increase after adding a groundwater component. In regions where the water table level is intermediate, land surface hydrologic memory can even decrease, which occurs when soil moisture and capillary rise from groundwater are not in phase with each other. Further, we explore the hypothesis that in addition to atmospheric forcing, groundwater variations may also play an important role in affecting land surface hydrologic memory. Analyses show that feedbacks of groundwater on land surface hydrologic memory can be positive, negative, or neutral, depending on water table dynamics. In regions where the water table is shallow, the damping process of soil moisture variations by groundwater is not significant, and soil moisture variations are mostly controlled by random noise from atmospheric forcing. In contrast, in regions where the water table is very deep, capillary fluxes from groundwater are small, having limited potential to affect soil moisture variations. Therefore, a positive feedback of groundwater to land surface hydrologic memory is observed in a transition zone between deep and shallow water tables, where capillary fluxes act as a buffer by reducing high-frequency soil moisture variations resulting in longer land surface hydrologic memory.

43 CFR 2.27 - How will a bureau handle a request for information that is contained in a Privacy Act system of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false How will a bureau handle a request for information that is contained in a Privacy Act system of records? (See DOI's Privacy Act regulations (Subpart... system of records? (See DOI's Privacy Act regulations (Subpart G of this part) for additional information...

Disease emergence from global climate and land use change.

PubMed

Patz, Jonathan A; Olson, Sarah H; Uejio, Christopher K; Gibbs, Holly K

2008-11-01

Climate change and land use change can affect multiple infectious diseases of humans, acting either independently or synergistically. Expanded efforts in empiric and future scenario-based risk assessment are required to anticipate problems. Moreover, the many health impacts of climate and land use change must be examined in the context of the myriad other environmental and behavioral determinants of disease. To optimize prevention capabilities, upstream environmental approaches must be part of any intervention, rather than assaults on single agents of disease. Clinicians must develop stronger ties, not only to public health officials and scientists, but also to earth and environmental scientists and policy makers. Without such efforts, we will inevitably benefit our current generation at the cost of generations to come.

Modeling the College Application Decision Process in a Land-Grant Institution.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DesJardins, Stephen L.; And Others

This study used a logistic probability model to investigate the effects of variables relating student characteristics and institutional factors on the decision to apply to a large land-grant research university. The study used the entire data set from American College Testing (ACT) program test-takers in the fall of 1995 and institutional data on…

Statement of Craig Decker, Assistant Chief, Indian Claims Section, Land and Natural Resources Division Before the House Interior & Insular Affairs Committee, Subcommittee on Indian Affairs and Public Lands, House of Representatives Concerning: H.R. 2664 - To Amend the Indian Claims Commission Act and H.R. 3377 - To Authorize the Wichita Indian Tribe of Oklahoma to File Certain Claims with the Indian Claims Commission on May 10, 1977.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Decker, Craig

Maintaining that a Federal policy re: unresolved American Indian claims is a necessary element for an overall Federal policy toward Indian affairs, this statement by the Assistant Chief of the Indian Claims Section/Land and Natural Resources Division argues against enactment of: H.R. 2664 (a bill "to amend the Indian Claims Commission Act of…

The development and application of a decision support system for land management in the Lake Tahoe Basin—The Land Use Simulation Model

USGS Publications Warehouse

Forney, William M.; Oldham, I. Benson; Crescenti, Neil

2013-01-01

This report describes and applies the Land Use Simulation Model (LUSM), the final modeling product for the long-term decision support project funded by the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act and developed by the U.S. Geological Survey’s Western Geographic Science Center for the Lake Tahoe Basin. Within the context of the natural-resource management and anthropogenic issues of the basin and in an effort to advance land-use and land-cover change science, this report addresses the problem of developing the LUSM as a decision support system. It includes consideration of land-use modeling theory, fire modeling and disturbance in the wildland-urban interface, historical land-use change and its relation to active land management, hydrologic modeling and the impact of urbanization as related to the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board’s recently developed Total Maximum Daily Load report for the basin, and biodiversity in urbanizing areas. The LUSM strives to inform land-management decisions in a complex regulatory environment by simulating parcel-based, land-use transitions with a stochastic, spatially constrained, agent-based model. The tool is intended to be useful for multiple purposes, including the multiagency Pathway 2007 regional planning effort, the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency (TRPA) Regional Plan Update, and complementary research endeavors and natural-resource-management efforts. The LUSM is an Internet-based, scenario-generation decision support tool for allocating retired and developed parcels over the next 20 years. Because USGS staff worked closely with TRPA staff and their “Code of Ordinances” and analyzed datasets of historical management and land-use practices, this report accomplishes the task of providing reasonable default values for a baseline scenario that can be used in the LUSM. One result from the baseline scenario for the model suggests that all vacant parcels could be allocated within 12 years. Results also include

The Multiple Species Inventory and Monitoring Protocol: A Population, Community, and Biodiversity Monitoring Solution for National Forest System Lands

Treesearch

P. N. Manley; B. Van Horne

2006-01-01

The U.S. Forest Service manages approximately 76 million ha (191 million acres) of National Forest System (NFS) lands. The National Forest Management Act (1976) recognizes the importance of maintaining species and ecosystem diversity on NFS lands as a critical component of our ecological and cultural heritage. Information on the condition of populations and habitats of...

Assessing land-use history for reporting on cropland dynamics - A case study using the Land-Parcel Identification System in Ireland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zimmermann, Jesko; González, Ainhoa; Jones, Michael; O'Brien, Phillip; Stout, Jane C.; Green, Stuart

2016-04-01

In developed countries, cropland and grassland conversions and management can be a major factor in Land Use and Land Use Change (LULUC) related Greenhouse Gas (GHG) dynamics. Depending on land use, management and factors such as soil properties land can either act as source or sink for GHGs. Currently many countries depend on national statistics combined with socio-economic modelling to assess current land use as well as inter-annual changes. This potentially introduces a bias as it neither provides information on direct land- use change trajectories nor spatially explicit information to assess the environmental context. In order to improve reporting countries are shifting towards high resolution spatial datasets. In this case study, we used the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS), a pan-European geographical database developed to assist farmers and authorities with agricultural subsidies, to analyse cropland dynamics in Ireland. The database offer high spatial resolution and is updated annually. Generally Ireland is considered grassland dominated with 90 % of its agricultural area under permanent grassland, and only a small area dedicated to cropland. However an in-depth analysis of the LPIS for the years 2000 to 2012 showed strong underlying dynamics. While the annual area reported as cropland remained relatively constant at 3752.3 ± 542.3 km2, the area of permanent cropland was only 1251.9 km2. Reversely, the area that was reported as cropland for at least one year during the timeframe was 7373.4 km2, revealing a significantly higher area with cropland history than annual statistics would suggest. Furthermore, the analysis showed that one quarter of the land converting from or to cropland will return to the previous land use within a year. To demonstrate potential policy impact, we assessed cropland/grassland dynamics from the 2008 to 2012 commitment period using (a) annual statistics, and (b) data including land use history derived from LPIS. Under

Radioactive waste disposal implications of extending Part IIA of the Environmental Protection Act to cover radioactively contaminated land.

PubMed

Nancarrow, D J; White, M M

2004-03-01

A short study has been carried out of the potential radioactive waste disposal issues associated with the proposed extension of Part IIA of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 to include radioactively contaminated land, where there is no other suitable existing legislation. It was found that there is likely to be an availability problem with respect to disposal at landfills of the radioactive wastes arising from remediation. This is expected to be principally wastes of high volume and low activity (categorised as low level waste (LLW) and very low level waste (VLLW)). The availability problem results from a lack of applications by landfill operators for authorisation to accept LLW wastes for disposal. This is apparently due to perceived adverse publicity associated with the consultation process for authorisation coupled with uncertainty over future liabilities. Disposal of waste as VLLW is limited both by questions over volumes that may be acceptable and, more fundamentally, by the likely alpha activity of wastes (originating from radium and thorium operations). Authorised on-site disposal has had little attention in policy and guidance in recent years, but may have a part to play, especially if considered commercially attractive. Disposal at BNFL's near surface disposal facility for LLW at Drigg is limited to wastes for which there are no practical alternative disposal options (and preference has been given to operational type wastes). Therefore, wastes from the radioactively contaminated land (RCL) regime are not obviously attractive for disposal to Drigg. Illustrative calculations have been performed based on possible volumes and activities of RCL arisings (and assuming Drigg's future volumetric disposal capacity is 950,000 m3). These suggest that wastes arising from implementing the RCL regime, if all disposed to Drigg, would not represent a significant fraction of the volumetric capacity of Drigg, but could have a significant impact on the radiological

Consequences of land use and land cover change

USGS Publications Warehouse

Slonecker, E. Terrence; Barnes, Christopher; Karstensen, Krista; Milheim, Lesley E.; Roig-Silva, Coral M.

2013-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area is one of seven USGS mission areas that focuses on making substantial scientific "...contributions to understanding how Earth systems interact, respond to, and cause global change". Using satellite and other remotely sensed data, USGS scientists monitor patterns of land cover change over space and time at regional, national, and global scales. These data are analyzed to understand the causes and consequences of changing land cover, such as economic impacts, effects on water quality and availability, the spread of invasive species, habitats and biodiversity, carbon fluctuations, and climate variability. USGS scientists are among the leaders in the study of land cover, which is a term that generally refers to the vegetation and artificial structures that cover the land surface. Examples of land cover include forests, grasslands, wetlands, water, crops, and buildings. Land use involves human activities that take place on the land. For example, "grass" is a land cover, whereas pasture and recreational parks are land uses that produce a cover of grass.

CORAL REEF BIOLOGICAL CRITERIA: USING THE CLEAN WATER ACT TO PROTECT A NATIONAL TREASURE

EPA Science Inventory

Coral reefs are declining at unprecedented rates worldwide due to multiple interactive stressors including climate change and land-based sources of pollution. The Clean Water Act (CWA) can be a powerful legal instrument for protecting water resources, including the biological inh...

West Africa land use and land cover time series

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cotillon, Suzanne E.

2017-02-16

Started in 1999, the West Africa Land Use Dynamics project represents an effort to map land use and land cover, characterize the trends in time and space, and understand their effects on the environment across West Africa. The outcome of the West Africa Land Use Dynamics project is the production of a three-time period (1975, 2000, and 2013) land use and land cover dataset for the Sub-Saharan region of West Africa, including the Cabo Verde archipelago. The West Africa Land Use Land Cover Time Series dataset offers a unique basis for characterizing and analyzing land changes across the region, systematically and at an unprecedented level of detail.

76 FR 71967 - Marseilles Land & Water Company, IL; Notice of Availability of Environmental Assessment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-21

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Project No. 13351-000] Marseilles Land & Water Company, IL; Notice of Availability of Environmental Assessment In accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission) regulations, 18 CFR...

Land-use changes and carbon sequestration through the twentieth century in a Mediterranean mountain ecosystem: implications for land management.

PubMed

Padilla, Francisco M; Vidal, Beatriz; Sánchez, Joaquín; Pugnaire, Francisco I

2010-12-01

Ecosystems in the western Mediterranean basin have undergone intense changes in land use throughout the centuries, resulting in areas with severe alterations. Today, most these areas have become sensitive to human activity, prone to profound changes in land-use configuration and ecosystem services. A consensus exists amongst stakeholders that ecosystem services must be preserved but managerial strategies that help to preserve them while ensuring sustainability are often inadequate. To provide a basis for measuring implications of land-use change on carbon sequestration services, changes in land use and associated carbon sequestration potential throughout the 20th century in a rural area at the foothills of the Sierra Nevada range (SE Spain) were explored. We found that forest systems replaced dryland farming and pastures from the middle of the century onwards as a result of agricultural abandonment and afforestation programs. The area has always acted as a carbon sink with sequestration rates ranging from 28,961 t CO(2) year(-1) in 1921 to 60,635 t CO(2) year(-1) in 1995, mirroring changes in land use. Conversion from pastures to woodland, for example, accounted for an increase in carbon sequestration above 30,000 t CO(2) year(-1) by the end of the century. However, intensive deforestation would imply a decrease of approximately 66% of the bulk CO(2) fixed. In our study area, woodland conservation is essential to maintain the ecosystem services that underlie carbon sequestration. Our essay could inspire policymakers to better achieve goals of increasing carbon sequestration rates and sustainability within protected areas. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

50 CFR 648.231 - Spiny dogfish Annual Catch Target (ACT) and Total Allowable Level of Landings (TAL).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ACT and TAL recommendation process. (1) The ACT shall be identified as less than or equal to the ACL... conduct a detailed review of fishery performance relative to TALs in conjunction with any ACL performance...

50 CFR 648.231 - Spiny dogfish Annual Catch Target (ACT) and Total Allowable Level of Landings (TAL).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ACT and TAL recommendation process. (1) The ACT shall be identified as less than or equal to the ACL... conduct a detailed review of fishery performance relative to TALs in conjunction with any ACL performance...

50 CFR 648.231 - Spiny dogfish Annual Catch Target (ACT) and Total Allowable Level of Landings (TAL).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ACT and TAL recommendation process. (1) The ACT shall be identified as less than or equal to the ACL... conduct a detailed review of fishery performance relative to TALs in conjunction with any ACL performance...

Mapping Forest Inventory and Analysis forest land use: timberland, reserved forest land, and other forest land

Treesearch

Mark D. Nelson; John Vissage

2007-01-01

The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program produces area estimates of forest land use within three subcategories: timberland, reserved forest land, and other forest land. Mapping these subcategories of forest land requires the ability to spatially distinguish productive from unproductive land, and reserved from nonreserved land. FIA field data were spatially...

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge land cover mapping project users guide

USGS Publications Warehouse

Markon, Carl J.

1986-01-01

Section 1002 of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980 (ANILCA, 1980) requires the Secretary of Interior to conduct a continuing study of fish, wildlife, and habitats on the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). Included in this study is a determination of the extent, location, and carrying capacity of fish and wildlife habitats.

Association of land use and beach closure in the United ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Swimming in natural waters (e.g., oceans, lakes, rivers) is one of most popular recreational activities in the United States. However, exposure to pathogens (e.g., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Cryptosporidium, Giardia, adenovirus, norovirus) in recreational waters can lead to a variety of adverse health outcomes. To protect public health and reduce the number of outbreaks associated with recreational waters, the BEACH Act was passed in 2000, which required beach regulators to develop a formal plan to assess beach water quality and to notify the public if recreational waters are unsafe. High levels of microorganisms in water often follow extreme weather events. Besides extreme weather events, the proximity of certain land uses to beaches may also have great influence on beach water quality. Microbial contaminants that lead to beach closures and human illness come mainly from land, either from discrete point sources or from diffuse non-point sources. It is expected that land use will have considerable influence on beach microbial water quality. However, to date, studies on impacts of land use on beach microbial contamination are rare, and few researchers are aware of the relationship between land use and beach closures.In this study, we analyzed beach closure data obtained from 2004 to 2013 for more than 500 beaches in the United States, and examined their associations with land use around beaches in 2006 and 2011. The results show that the number of beach clos

Prehistoric Alaska: The land

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wilson, Frederic H.; Weber, Florence R.; Rennick, Penny

1994-01-01

Many Alaskans know the dynamic nature of Alaska’s landscape firsthand. The 1964 earthquake, the 1989 eruption of Mount Redoubt volcano, the frequent earthquakes in the Aleutians and the ever-shifting meanders of the Yukon and Kuskokwim rivers remind them of constant changes to the land. These changes are part of the continuing story of the geologic growth and development of Alaska during hundreds of millions of years. By geologic time, Alaska has only recently come into existence and the dynamic processes that formed it continue to affect it. The landscape we see today has been shaped by glacier and stream erosion or their indirect effects, and to a lesser extent by volcanoes. Most prominently, if less obviously, Alaska has been built by slow movements of the Earth’s crust we call tectonic or mountain-building.During 5 billion years of geologic time, the Earth’s crust has repeatedly broken apart into plates. These plates have recombined, and have shifted positions relative to each other, to the Earth’s rotational axis and to the equator. Large parts of the Earth’s crust, including Alaska, have been built and destroyed by tectonic forces. Alaska is a collage of transported and locally formed fragments of crusts As erosion and deposition reshape the land surface, climatic changes, brought on partly by changing ocean and atmospheric circulation patterns, alter the location and extent of tropical, temperate and arctic environments. We need to understand the results of these processes as they acted upon Alaska to understand the formation of Alaska. Rocks can provide hints of previous environments because they contain traces of ocean floor and lost lands, bits and pieces of ancient history.

Endangered species act : the U.S. Fish and Wildlife service has incomplete information about effects on listed species from section 7 consultations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-05-01

The western United States, including vast stretches of federal land, is home to more than a third of the 1,317 species listed under the Endangered Species Act. Under section 7 of the act, federal agencies must ensure that any actions they authorize, ...

The Impact of Land Use/Land Cover Changes on Land Degradation Dynamics: A Mediterranean Case Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bajocco, S.; De Angelis, A.; Perini, L.; Ferrara, A.; Salvati, L.

2012-05-01

In the last decades, due to climate changes, soil deterioration, and Land Use/Land Cover Changes (LULCCs), land degradation risk has become one of the most important ecological issues at the global level. Land degradation involves two interlocking systems: the natural ecosystem and the socio-economic system. The complexity of land degradation processes should be addressed using a multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, the aim of this work is to assess diachronically land degradation dynamics under changing land covers. This paper analyzes LULCCs and the parallel increase in the level of land sensitivity to degradation along the coastal belt of Sardinia (Italy), a typical Mediterranean region where human pressure affects the landscape characteristics through fires, intensive agricultural practices, land abandonment, urban sprawl, and tourism concentration. Results reveal that two factors mainly affect the level of land sensitivity to degradation in the study area: (i) land abandonment and (ii) unsustainable use of rural and peri-urban areas. Taken together, these factors represent the primary cause of the LULCCs observed in coastal Sardinia. By linking the structural features of the Mediterranean landscape with its functional land degradation dynamics over time, these results contribute to orienting policies for sustainable land management in Mediterranean coastal areas.

The impact of land use/land cover changes on land degradation dynamics: a Mediterranean case study.

PubMed

Bajocco, S; De Angelis, A; Perini, L; Ferrara, A; Salvati, L

2012-05-01

In the last decades, due to climate changes, soil deterioration, and Land Use/Land Cover Changes (LULCCs), land degradation risk has become one of the most important ecological issues at the global level. Land degradation involves two interlocking systems: the natural ecosystem and the socio-economic system. The complexity of land degradation processes should be addressed using a multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, the aim of this work is to assess diachronically land degradation dynamics under changing land covers. This paper analyzes LULCCs and the parallel increase in the level of land sensitivity to degradation along the coastal belt of Sardinia (Italy), a typical Mediterranean region where human pressure affects the landscape characteristics through fires, intensive agricultural practices, land abandonment, urban sprawl, and tourism concentration. Results reveal that two factors mainly affect the level of land sensitivity to degradation in the study area: (i) land abandonment and (ii) unsustainable use of rural and peri-urban areas. Taken together, these factors represent the primary cause of the LULCCs observed in coastal Sardinia. By linking the structural features of the Mediterranean landscape with its functional land degradation dynamics over time, these results contribute to orienting policies for sustainable land management in Mediterranean coastal areas.

'A Look at the Total Knowledge of the World': The University of Minnesota, the Land-Grant Ideal, and the Politics of U.S. Public Higher Education, 1950-1990.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vandenberg-Daves, Jodi

2003-01-01

Discusses the role of land grants in university development. Focuses on the Morrell Land Grant Act of 1862 and 1890, an educational history landmark that provided opportunities for all socioeconomic levels of students. Speculates on whether land grant ideals will continue to be applied to future higher education. (KDR)

Interactions between natural organic matter and gold nanoparticles stabilized with different organic capping agents.

PubMed

Stankus, Dylan P; Lohse, Samuel E; Hutchison, James E; Nason, Jeffrey A

2011-04-15

The adsorption of natural organic matter (NOM) to the surfaces of natural colloids and engineered nanoparticles is known to strongly influence, and in some cases control, their surface properties and aggregation behavior. As a result, the understanding of nanoparticle fate, transport, and toxicity in natural systems must include a fundamental framework for predicting such behavior. Using a suite of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with different capping agents, the impact of surface functionality, presence of natural organic matter, and aqueous chemical composition (pH, ionic strength, and background electrolytes) on the surface charge and colloidal stability of each AuNP type was investigated. Capping agents used in this study were as follows: anionic (citrate and tannic acid), neutral (2,2,2-[mercaptoethoxy(ethoxy)]ethanol and polyvinylpyrrolidone), and cationic (mercaptopentyl(trimethylammonium)). Each AuNP type appeared to adsorb Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) as evidenced by measurable decreases in zeta potential in the presence of 5 mg C L(-1) SRHA. It was found that 5 mg C L(-1) SRHA provided a stabilizing effect at low ionic strength and in the presence of only monovalent ions while elevated concentrations of divalent cations lead to enhanced aggregation. The colloidal stability of the NPs in the absence of NOM is a function of capping agent, pH, ionic strength, and electrolyte valence. In the presence of NOM at the conditions examined in this study, the capping agent is a less important determinant of stability, and the adsorption of NOM is a controlling factor.

Nanocrystallized SrHA/SrHA SrTiO3/SrTiO3 TiO2 multilayer coatings formed by micro-arc oxidation for photocatalytic application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Y.; Chen, D. H.; Zhang, L.

2008-08-01

Novel photocatalytic coatings containing strontium hydroxyapatite (SrHA), strontium titanate (SrTiO3), and TiO2 were formed by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) in an aqueous electrolyte containing strontium acetate and β-glycerophosphate disodium at 530 V for 0.1-5 min. The structure evolution of the coatings was investigated as a function of processing time, and the photocatalytic activity of the coatings was evaluated by measuring the decomposition rate of methyl orange under ultraviolet irradiation. During the MAO processing of the coatings, it was observed that some granules appeared in the electrolyte adjacent to the anode and they increased in amount as the processing time was prolonged. The obtained results show that the granules are amorphous and poorly crystallized SrHA with negative charges. The coating prepared for 5 min presents a microporous structure of SrHA/SrHA-SrTiO3/SrTiO3-TiO2 multilayers, in which the SrHA outermost layer and the SrHA-SrTiO3 intermediate layer are nanocrystallized. It is suggested that formation of the granules, electro-migration of the granules onto the pre-formed layer, and crystallization of the adhered granules are possible mechanisms for the formation of a SrHA/SrHA-SrTiO3/SrTiO3-TiO2 multilayer coating. This coating shows much higher photocatalytic decomposition efficiency relative to the MAO-formed TiO2 coating, and is expected to have an important photocatalytic application.

43 CFR 3813.1 - Minerals reserved by the Act of July 17, 1914, subject to mineral location, entry and patenting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., 1914, subject to mineral location, entry and patenting. 3813.1 Section 3813.1 Public Lands: Interior... location, entry and patenting. The Act of July 17, 1914 (38 Stat. 509; 30 U.S.C. sec. 122), as amended by... mineral deposits in lands, may re-enter and occupy so much of the surface thereof as may be required for...

43 CFR 3813.1 - Minerals reserved by the Act of July 17, 1914, subject to mineral location, entry and patenting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., 1914, subject to mineral location, entry and patenting. 3813.1 Section 3813.1 Public Lands: Interior... location, entry and patenting. The Act of July 17, 1914 (38 Stat. 509; 30 U.S.C. sec. 122), as amended by... mineral deposits in lands, may re-enter and occupy so much of the surface thereof as may be required for...

43 CFR 3813.1 - Minerals reserved by the Act of July 17, 1914, subject to mineral location, entry and patenting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., 1914, subject to mineral location, entry and patenting. 3813.1 Section 3813.1 Public Lands: Interior... location, entry and patenting. The Act of July 17, 1914 (38 Stat. 509; 30 U.S.C. sec. 122), as amended by... mineral deposits in lands, may re-enter and occupy so much of the surface thereof as may be required for...

43 CFR 3813.1 - Minerals reserved by the Act of July 17, 1914, subject to mineral location, entry and patenting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., 1914, subject to mineral location, entry and patenting. 3813.1 Section 3813.1 Public Lands: Interior... location, entry and patenting. The Act of July 17, 1914 (38 Stat. 509; 30 U.S.C. sec. 122), as amended by... mineral deposits in lands, may re-enter and occupy so much of the surface thereof as may be required for...

76 FR 60933 - Antarctic Conservation Act Permit Applications

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-30

...Notice is hereby given that the National Science Foundation (NSF) has received a waste management permit application for a flight by a Beechcraft Queen Air 65 ``Excaliber'' to depart Punta Arenas, Chile, fly over the South Pole, land at Teniente Marsh Base (Frei Base) where it will overnight, and return to Punta Arenas, Chile. The application is submitted by World Flyers of Buena Vista, CO and submitted to NSF pursuant to regulations issued under the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978.

Transport and Retention of TiO2 Rutile Nanoparticles in Saturated Porous Media: Influence of Solution pH, Ionic Strength, and the Presence of Humic Acid

EPA Science Inventory

The influence of solution pH, ionic strength, and varying concentrations of the Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) on the transport of titanium dioxide (TiO2, rutile) nanoparticle aggregates (nTiO2) in saturated porous media was investigated through systematically examining the tra...

Effect of Natural Organic Matter on the Reduction of Nitroaromatics by Fe(II) Species

EPA Science Inventory

Although natural organic matter is a necessary electron source for the microbial mediated development of redox zones in nature, uncertainty still exists regarding its role(s) in the reduction of chemicals. This work studied the effect of Suwannee river humic acid (SRHA) on the r...

Perspective of public law in rearrangement of profit sharing system agricultural land in Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tamsil; Susilowati, IF; Wardhana, M.

2018-01-01

Review of the Shared Revenue Act for better regulatory system is an important issue as a more realistic and highly feasible agrarian reform policy. The rearrangement of agricultural land tenure systems is difficult to implement because it must be done simultaneously and thoroughly plus the support of large economic and political cost allocations; Instead, allowing the use of land in market mechanisms violating the principles of fairness on profit sharing. So it needs agrarian policies that are gradual and more realistic, such as revision of Act on profit sharing. In the previous research, the characteristics of the land sharing system in Indonesia are: (1) The Revenue Sharing Agreement is seen as a personal relationship subject to the private of law, not public rules; (2) found character of unequal Patron-client relationship between landowner and farmer; (3) Different revenue sharing systems and tend to position smallholders as weak and defeated. This study aims to discuss the State’s ‘interference’ in changing the profit sharing system by limiting individual freedom on the basis of a ‘new’ perspective of profit sharing as a relative legal relation. In the future, the profit-sharing system should be able to provide legal protection for farmers, as well as landowners.

Accurate Land Company, Inc., Acadia Subdivision, Plat 1 and Plat 2 - Clean Water Act Public Notice

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The EPA is providing notice of an Administrative Penalty Assessment in the form of an Expedited Storm Water Settlement Agreement against Accurate Land Company, Inc., a business located at 12035 University Ave., Suite 100, Clive, IA 50235, for alleged viola

Cocopah Lands Act

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Grijalva, Raul M. [D-AZ-7

2009-01-08

Senate - 04/02/2009 Committee on Indian Affairs. Hearings held. Hearings printed: S.Hrg. 111-66. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Passed HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Understanding land use change impacts on microclimate using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Xia; Mitra, Chandana; Dong, Li; Yang, Qichun

2018-02-01

To explore potential climatic consequences of land cover change in the Kolkata Metropolitan Development area, we projected microclimate conditions in this area using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model driven by future land use scenarios. Specifically, we considered two land conversion scenarios including an urbanization scenario that all the wetlands and croplands would be converted to built-up areas, and an irrigation expansion scenario in which all wetlands and dry croplands would be replaced by irrigated croplands. Results indicated that land use and land cover (LULC) change would dramatically increase regional temperature in this area under the urbanization scenario, but expanded irrigation tended to have a cooling effect. In the urbanization scenario, precipitation center tended to move eastward and lead to increased rainfall in eastern parts of this region. Increased irrigation stimulated rainfall in central and eastern areas but reduced rainfall in southwestern and northwestern parts of the study area. This study also demonstrated that urbanization significantly reduced latent heat fluxes and albedo of land surface; while increased sensible heat flux changes following urbanization suggested that developed land surfaces mainly acted as heat sources. In this study, climate change projection not only predicts future spatiotemporal patterns of multiple climate factors, but also provides valuable insights into policy making related to land use management, water resource management, and agriculture management to adapt and mitigate future climate changes in this populous region.

50 CFR 80.132 - Does an agency have to control the land or water where it completes capital improvements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... SPORT FISH RESTORATION PROGRAM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS, PITTMAN-ROBERTSON WILDLIFE RESTORATION AND DINGELL-JOHNSON SPORT FISH RESTORATION ACTS Real Property § 80.132 Does an agency have to control the land...

50 CFR 80.132 - Does an agency have to control the land or water where it completes capital improvements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... SPORT FISH RESTORATION PROGRAM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS, PITTMAN-ROBERTSON WILDLIFE RESTORATION AND DINGELL-JOHNSON SPORT FISH RESTORATION ACTS Real Property § 80.132 Does an agency have to control the land...

An Assessment of the Forest and Range Land Situation in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hair, Dwight; And Others

This report is a comprehensive analysis of the renewable resources of forest and range land and associated waters prepared in response to provisions of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974. It shows that the nation's demands for outdoor recreation, wildlife and fish, range grazing, timber, and water have been growing…

Motor Control of Landing from a Jump in Simulated Hypergravity.

PubMed

Gambelli, Clément N; Theisen, Daniel; Willems, Patrick A; Schepens, Bénédicte

2015-01-01

On Earth, when landing from a counter-movement jump, muscles contract before touchdown to anticipate imminent collision with the ground and place the limbs in a proper position. This study assesses how the control of landing is modified when gravity is increased above 1 g. Hypergravity was simulated in two different ways: (1) by generating centrifugal forces during turns of an aircraft (A300) and (2) by pulling the subject downwards in the laboratory with a Subject Loading System (SLS). Eight subjects were asked to perform counter-movement jumps at 1 g on Earth and at 3 hypergravity levels (1.2, 1.4 and 1.6 g) both in A300 and with SLS. External forces applied to the body, movements of the lower limb segments and muscular activity of 6 lower limb muscles were recorded. Our results show that both in A300 and with SLS, as in 1 g: (1) the anticipation phase is present; (2) during the loading phase (from touchdown until the peak of vertical ground reaction force), lower limb muscles act like a stiff spring, whereas during the second part (from the peak of vertical ground reaction force until the return to the standing position), they act like a compliant spring associated with a damper. (3) With increasing gravity, the preparatory adjustments and the loading phase are modified whereas the second part does not change drastically. (4) The modifications are similar in A300 and with SLS, however the effect of hypergravity is accentuated in A300, probably due to altered sensory inputs. This observation suggests that otolithic information plays an important role in the control of the landing from a jump.

Relations between retired agricultural land, water quality, and aquatic-community health, Minnesota River Basin

USGS Publications Warehouse

Christensen, Victoria G.; Lee, Kathy E.; McLees, James M.; Niemela, Scott L.

2012-01-01

The relative importance of agricultural land retirement on water quality and aquatic-community health was investigated in the Minnesota River Basin. Eighty-two sites, with drainage areas ranging from 4.3 to 2200 km2, were examined for nutrient concentrations, measures of aquatic-community health (e.g., fish index of biotic integrity [IBI] scores), and environmental factors (e.g., drainage area and amount of agricultural land retirement). The relation of proximity of agricultural land retirement to the stream was determined by calculating the land retirement percent in various riparian zones. Spearman's rho results indicated that IBI score was not correlated to the percentage of agricultural land retirement at the basin scale (p = 0.070); however, IBI score was correlated to retired land percentage in the 50- to 400-m riparian zones surrounding the streams (p < 0.05), indicating that riparian agricultural land retirement may have more influence on aquatic-community health than does agricultural land retirement in upland areas. Multivariate analysis of covariance and analysis of covariance models indicated that other environmental factors (such as drainage area and lacustrine and palustrine features) commonly were correlated to aquatic-community health measures, as were in-stream factors (standard deviation of water depth and substrate type). These results indicate that although agricultural land retirement is significantly related to fish communities as measured by the IBI scores, a combination of basin, riparian, and in-stream factors act together to influence IBI scores.

3 CFR 8719 - Proclamation 8719 of September 22, 2011. National Public Lands Day, 2011

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...—vital economic engines in both rural and urban communities. On National Public Lands Day, we take time... lakes, and pick up litter in city parks. Through their service, families and children will find..., America’s Great Outdoors: A Promise to Future Generations. To act on these findings, we are undertaking...

Digital spatial soil and land information for agriculture development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharma, R. K.; Laghathe, Pankaj; Meena, Ranglal; Barman, Alok Kumar; Das, Satyendra Nath

2006-12-01

Natural resource management calls for study of natural system prevailing in the country. In India floods and droughts visit regularly, causing extensive damages of natural wealth including agriculture that are crucial for sustenance of economic growth. The Indian Sub-continent drained by many major rivers and their tributaries where watershed, the hydrological unit forms a natural system that allows management and development of land resources following natural harmony. Acquisition of various kinds and levels of soil and land characteristics using both conventional and remote sensing techniques and subsequent development of digital spatial data base are essential to evolve strategy for planning watershed development programmes, their monitoring and impact evaluation. The multi-temporal capability of remote sensing sensors helps to update the existing data base which are of dynamic in nature. The paper outlines the concept of spatial data base development, generation using remote sensing techniques, designing of data structure, standardization and integration with watershed layers and various non spatial attribute data for various applications covering watershed development planning, alternate land use planning, soil and water conservation, diversified agriculture practices, generation of soil health card, soil and land reclamation, etc. The soil and land characteristics are vital to derive various interpretative groupings or master table that helps to generate the desired level of information of various clients using the GIS platform. The digital spatial data base on soils and watersheds generated by All India Soil and Land Use Survey will act as a sub-server of the main GIS based Web Server being hoisted by the planning commission for application of spatial data for planning purposes under G2G domain. It will facilitate e-governance for natural resource management using modern technology.

Carbon dioxide emissions from forestry and peat land using land-use/land-cover changes in North Sumatra, Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Basyuni, M.; Sulistyono, N.; Slamet, B.; Wati, R.

2018-03-01

Forestry and peat land including land-based is one of the critical sectors in the inventory of CO2 emissions and mitigation efforts of climate change. The present study analyzed the land-use and land-cover changes between 2006 and 2012 in North Sumatra, Indonesia with emphasis to CO2 emissions. The land-use/land-cover consists of twenty-one classes. Redd Abacus software version 1.1.7 was used to measure carbon emission source as well as the predicted 2carbon dioxide emissions from 2006-2024. Results showed that historical emission (2006-2012) in this province, significant increases in the intensive land use namely dry land agriculture (109.65%), paddy field (16.23%) and estate plantation (15.11%). On the other hand, land-cover for forest decreased significantly: secondary dry land forest (7.60%), secondary mangrove forest (9.03%), secondary swamp forest (33.98%), and the largest one in the mixed dry land agriculture (79.96%). The results indicated that North Sumatra province is still a CO2 emitter, and the most important driver of emissions mostly derived from agricultural lands that contributed 2carbon dioxide emissions by 48.8%, changing from forest areas into degraded lands (classified as barren land and shrub) shared 30.6% and estate plantation of 22.4%. Mitigation actions to reduce carbon emissions was proposed such as strengthening the forest land, rehabilitation of degraded area, development and plantation forest, forest protection and forest fire control, and reforestation and conservation activity. These mitigation actions have been simulated to reduce 15% for forestry and 18% for peat land, respectively. This data is likely to contribute to the low emission development in North Sumatra.

Challenges in Global Land Use/Land Cover Change Modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clarke, K. C.

2011-12-01

For the purposes of projecting and anticipating human-induced land use change at the global scale, much work remains in the systematic mapping and modeling of world-wide land uses and their related dynamics. In particular, research has focused on tropical deforestation, loss of prime agricultural land, loss of wild land and open space, and the spread of urbanization. Fifteen years of experience in modeling land use and land cover change at the regional and city level with the cellular automata model SLEUTH, including cross city and regional comparisons, has led to an ability to comment on the challenges and constraints that apply to global level land use change modeling. Some issues are common to other modeling domains, such as scaling, earth geometry, and model coupling. Others relate to geographical scaling of human activity, while some are issues of data fusion and international interoperability. Grid computing now offers the prospect of global land use change simulation. This presentation summarizes what barriers face global scale land use modeling, but also highlights the benefits of such modeling activity on global change research. An approach to converting land use maps and forecasts into environmental impact measurements is proposed. Using such an approach means that multitemporal mapping, often using remotely sensed sources, and forecasting can also yield results showing the overall and disaggregated status of the environment.

76 FR 60605 - Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act Provisions; Fisheries of the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-29

... for the future modification of the measures established through the Omnibus Amendment. Comments were... evaluate the continued efficacy of the overall ABC/ACL/AM system, and the methods by which future changes... provides for adjustments to future ACTs when the causes of ACL overages are not related to landings (i.e...

Review of Land Use and Land Cover Change research progress

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Yue; Hou, Kang; Li, Xuxiang; Zhang, Yunwei; Chen, Pei

2018-02-01

Land Use and Land Cover Change (LUCC) can reflect the pattern of human land use in a region, and plays an important role in space soil and water conservation. The study on the change of land use patterns in the world is of great significance to cope with global climate change and sustainable development. This paper reviews the main research progress of LUCC at home and abroad, and suggests that land use change has been shifted from land use planning and management to land use change impact and driving factors. The development of remote sensing technology provides the basis and data for LUCC with dynamic monitoring and quantitative analysis. However, there is no uniform standard for land use classification at present, which brings a lot of inconvenience to the collection and analysis of land cover data. Globeland30 is an important milestone contribution to the study of international LUCC system. More attention should be paid to the accuracy and results contrasting test of land use classification obtained by remote sensing technology.

Working through the Challenges: Struggle and Resilience within the Historically Black Land Grant Institutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harris, Rosalind P.; Worthen, H. Dreamal

2004-01-01

In 1890 the Morrill-McComas Act provided for the establishment of segregated land grant colleges within the sixteen southern and border states practicing both "de jure" and "de facto" racial discrimination. This article reviews the significant role played by the legacies of racial discrimination, funding inequities and the model of institution…

75 FR 10817 - Notice of Realty Action: Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification and Conveyance; Lake...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-09

...] Notice of Realty Action: Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification and Conveyance; Lake County... may submit written comments regarding this proposed classification or lease/conveyance of public land..., Florida, has been examined and found suitable for classification for lease or conveyance under the...

75 FR 77659 - Notice of Realty Action; Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification for Conveyance of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-13

...-88037] Notice of Realty Action; Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification for Conveyance of... action. SUMMARY: The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has examined and found suitable for classification...: Interested parties may submit written comments regarding this proposed classification for conveyance of...

Analysis of the effects of natural organic matter in zinc beneficiation

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In this study, we present the analysis of the effects of Natural Organic Matter (NOM) in zinc beneficiation from abandoned mine tailings using bioleaching technologies. We used standardized Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) as the NOM source to analyze the importance of the quality of the process wat...

Land degradation and erosion control within the Moldavian Plateau of eastern Romania: a case study from Racova catchment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Niacsu, Lilian; Ionita, Ion; Samoila, Claudia; Grigoraş, Georgel

2017-04-01

Land degradation has been recognized as the major environmental threat in the Moldavian Plateau of eastern Romania. The Racova catchment, located in the central part of this area and extending on 32,908 ha, is significantly subjected to moderate-high rates of soil erosion, gullying, landslides and reservoir siltation. Several methods have been used to estimate land degradation indicators, such as classical research methods (field surveys and mapping, mathematical-statistical processing), present-day methods based on the GIS software, the Cs-137 technique etc. For example, the landslide inventory resulted from data collected during field surveys, interpretation of the 2005 and 2009 aerial orthophotos, exploiting very-high resolution digital elevation model (DEM) based on the topographical plans at 1:5,000 scale, and the visual analysis of products obtained from 2012 LiDAR DEM (slope map and shaded relief images). The results obtained showed that landslides, in any shape or age, are the most typical degradation processes in the Racova catchment, particularly extending on steep slopes representing north or west looking cuesta fronts, usually. At present, they cover half of the study area and most are inactive. The gullied systems amounting 4% of the catchment area consist of both types of gullies, discontinuous and continuous along valley-bottoms, respectively. In addition, the major role of gully erosion in triggering landslides and high reservoir siltation rate has been considered. Extensive conservation practices have been deployed over the 70's and 80's, namely: contour farming on arable land (under strip-cropping, buffer strip-cropping and bench terraces), reforestation over 2,000 ha (especially with black-locust on the active landslides), check dams to control gully erosion etc. Since 1990, two land reforms have been implemented (the Act No. 18/1991 and the Act No.1/2000) and their impact was very marked on soil conservation and crop yields. The major effect of

30 CFR 762.15 - Exploration on land designated as unsuitable for surface coal mining operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... of surface coal mining operations pursuant to section 522 of the Act and regulations of this... for surface coal mining operations. 762.15 Section 762.15 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING... AREAS AS UNSUITABLE FOR SURFACE COAL MINING OPERATIONS § 762.15 Exploration on land designated as...

30 CFR 762.15 - Exploration on land designated as unsuitable for surface coal mining operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... of surface coal mining operations pursuant to section 522 of the Act and regulations of this... for surface coal mining operations. 762.15 Section 762.15 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING... AREAS AS UNSUITABLE FOR SURFACE COAL MINING OPERATIONS § 762.15 Exploration on land designated as...

30 CFR 762.15 - Exploration on land designated as unsuitable for surface coal mining operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... of surface coal mining operations pursuant to section 522 of the Act and regulations of this... for surface coal mining operations. 762.15 Section 762.15 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING... AREAS AS UNSUITABLE FOR SURFACE COAL MINING OPERATIONS § 762.15 Exploration on land designated as...

30 CFR 762.15 - Exploration on land designated as unsuitable for surface coal mining operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... of surface coal mining operations pursuant to section 522 of the Act and regulations of this... for surface coal mining operations. 762.15 Section 762.15 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING... AREAS AS UNSUITABLE FOR SURFACE COAL MINING OPERATIONS § 762.15 Exploration on land designated as...

30 CFR 762.15 - Exploration on land designated as unsuitable for surface coal mining operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... of surface coal mining operations pursuant to section 522 of the Act and regulations of this... for surface coal mining operations. 762.15 Section 762.15 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING... AREAS AS UNSUITABLE FOR SURFACE COAL MINING OPERATIONS § 762.15 Exploration on land designated as...

Earth land landing alternatives: Lunar transportation system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meyerson, Robert

1992-01-01

The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) develop a landing option such that it is a viable trade option for future NASA missions; (2) provide NASA programs with solid technical support in the landing systems area; (3) develop the technical staff; and (4) advance the state of landing systems technology to apply to future NASA missions. All results are presented in viewgraph format.

Biodiversity conservation and indigenous land management in the era of self-determination.

PubMed

Schmidt, Paige M; Peterson, Markus J

2009-12-01

Indigenous people inhabit approximately 85% of areas designated for biodiversity conservation worldwide. They also continue to struggle for recognition and preservation of cultural identities, lifestyles, and livelihoods--a struggle contingent on control and protection of traditional lands and associated natural resources (hereafter, self-determination). Indigenous lands and the biodiversity they support are increasingly threatened because of human population growth and per capita consumption. Application of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) to tribal lands in the United States provides a rich example of the articulation between biodiversity conservation and indigenous peoples' struggle for self-determination. We found a paradoxical relationship whereby tribal governments are simultaneously and contradictory sovereign nations; yet their communities depend on the U.S. government for protection through the federal-trust doctrine. The unique legal status of tribal lands, their importance for conserving federally protected species, and federal environmental regulations' failure to define applicability to tribal lands creates conflict between tribal sovereignty, self-determination, and constitutional authority. We reviewed Secretarial Order 3206, the U.S. policy on "American Indian tribal rights, federal-tribal trust responsibilities, and the ESA," and evaluated how it influences ESA implementation on tribal lands. We found improved biodiversity conservation and tribal self-determination requires revision of the fiduciary relationship between the federal government and the tribes to establish clear, legal definitions regarding land rights, applicability of environmental laws, and financial responsibilities. Such actions will allow provision of adequate funding and training to tribal leaders and resource managers, government agency personnel responsible for biodiversity conservation and land management, and environmental policy makers. Increased capacity, cooperation, and

Land change monitoring, assessment, and projection (LCMAP) revolutionizes land cover and land change research

USGS Publications Warehouse

Young, Steven

2017-05-02

When nature and humanity change Earth’s landscapes - through flood or fire, public policy, natural resources management, or economic development - the results are often dramatic and lasting.Wildfires can reshape ecosystems. Hurricanes with names like Sandy or Katrina will howl for days while altering the landscape for years. One growing season in the evolution of drought-resistant genetics can transform semiarid landscapes into farm fields.In the past, valuable land cover maps created for understanding the effects of those events - whether changes in wildlife habitat, water-quality impacts, or the role land use and land cover play in affecting weather and climate - came out at best every 5 to 7 years. Those high quality, high resolution maps were good, but users always craved more: even higher quality data, additional land cover and land change variables, more detailed legends, and most importantly, more frequent land change information.Now a bold new initiative called Land Change Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection (LCMAP) promises to fulfill that demand.Developed at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, LCMAP provides definitive, timely information on how, why, and where the planet is changing. LCMAP’s continuous monitoring process can detect changes as they happen every day that Landsat satellites acquire clear observations. The result will be to place near real-time information in the hands of land and resource managers who need to understand the effects these changes have on landscapes.

Dissolved organic matter enhances microbial mercury methylation under sulfidic conditions

USGS Publications Warehouse

Graham, Andrew M.; Aiken, George R.; Gilmour, Cynthia

2012-01-01

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is generally thought to lower metal bioavailability in aquatic systems due to the formation of metal–DOM complexes that reduce free metal ion concentrations. However, this model may not be pertinent for metal nanoparticles, which are now understood to be ubiquitous, sometimes dominant, metal species in the environment. The influence of DOM on Hg bioavailability to microorganisms was examined under conditions (0.5–5.0 nM Hg and 2–10 μM sulfide) that favor the formation of β-HgS(s) (metacinnabar) nanoparticles. We used the methylation of stable-isotope enriched 201HgCl2 by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ND132 in short-term washed cell assays as a sensitive, environmentally significant proxy for Hg uptake. Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) and Williams Lake hydrophobic acid (WLHPoA) substantially enhanced (2- to 38-fold) the bioavailability of Hg to ND132 over a wide range of Hg/DOM ratios (9.4 pmol/mg DOM to 9.4 nmol/mg DOM), including environmentally relevant ratios. Methylmercury (MeHg) production by ND132 increased linearly with either SRHA or WLHPoA concentration, but SRHA, a terrestrially derived DOM, was far more effective at enhancing Hg-methylation than WLHPoA, an aquatic DOM dominated by autochthonous sources. No DOM-dependent enhancement in Hg methylation was observed in Hg–DOM–sulfide solutions amended with sufficient l-cysteine to prevent β-HgS(s) formation. We hypothesize that small HgS particles, stabilized against aggregation by DOM, are bioavailable to Hg-methylating bacteria. Our laboratory experiments provide a mechanism for the positive correlations between DOC and MeHg production observed in many aquatic sediments and wetland soils.

Understanding land use change impacts on microclimate using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model

DOE PAGES

Li, Xia; Mitra, Chandana; Dong, Li; ...

2017-02-02

In order to explore potential climatic consequences of land cover change in the Kolkata Metropolitan Development area, we projected microclimate conditions in this area using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model driven by future land use scenarios. Specifically, we considered two land conversion scenarios including an urbanization scenario that all the wetlands and croplands would be converted to built-up areas, and an irrigation expansion scenario in which all wetlands and dry croplands would be replaced by irrigated croplands. Our results indicated that land use and land cover (LULC) change would dramatically increase regional temperature in this area under themore » urbanization scenario, but expanded irrigation tended to have a cooling effect. In the urbanization scenario, precipitation center tended to move eastward and lead to increased rainfall in eastern parts of this region. Increased irrigation stimulated rainfall in central and eastern areas but reduced rainfall in southwestern and northwestern parts of the study area. Our study also demonstrated that urbanization significantly reduced latent heat fluxes and albedo of land surface; while increased sensible heat flux changes following urbanization suggested that developed land surfaces mainly acted as heat sources. In this study, climate change projection not only predicts future spatiotemporal patterns of multiple climate factors, but also provides valuable insights into policy making related to land use management, water resource management, and agriculture management to adapt and mitigate future climate changes in this populous region.« less

Understanding land use change impacts on microclimate using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Xia; Mitra, Chandana; Dong, Li

In order to explore potential climatic consequences of land cover change in the Kolkata Metropolitan Development area, we projected microclimate conditions in this area using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model driven by future land use scenarios. Specifically, we considered two land conversion scenarios including an urbanization scenario that all the wetlands and croplands would be converted to built-up areas, and an irrigation expansion scenario in which all wetlands and dry croplands would be replaced by irrigated croplands. Our results indicated that land use and land cover (LULC) change would dramatically increase regional temperature in this area under themore » urbanization scenario, but expanded irrigation tended to have a cooling effect. In the urbanization scenario, precipitation center tended to move eastward and lead to increased rainfall in eastern parts of this region. Increased irrigation stimulated rainfall in central and eastern areas but reduced rainfall in southwestern and northwestern parts of the study area. Our study also demonstrated that urbanization significantly reduced latent heat fluxes and albedo of land surface; while increased sensible heat flux changes following urbanization suggested that developed land surfaces mainly acted as heat sources. In this study, climate change projection not only predicts future spatiotemporal patterns of multiple climate factors, but also provides valuable insights into policy making related to land use management, water resource management, and agriculture management to adapt and mitigate future climate changes in this populous region.« less

Understanding land use change impacts on microclimate using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Xia; Mitra, Chandana; Dong, Li

To explore potential climatic consequences of land cover change in the Kolkata Metropolitan Development area, we projected microclimate conditions in this area using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model driven by future land use scenarios. Specifically, we considered two land conversion scenarios including an urbanization scenario that all the wetlands and croplands would be converted to built-up areas, and an irrigation expansion scenario in which all wetlands and dry croplands would be replaced by irrigated croplands. Results indicated that land use and land cover (LULC) change would dramatically increase regional temperature in this area under the urbanization scenario, butmore » expanded irrigation tended to have a cooling effect. In the urbanization scenario, precipitation center tended to move eastward and lead to increased rainfall in eastern parts of this region. Increased irrigation stimulated rainfall in central and eastern areas but reduced rainfall in southwestern and northwestern parts of the study area. This study also demonstrated that urbanization significantly reduced latent heat fluxes and albedo of land surface; while increased sensible heat flux changes following urbanization suggested that developed land surfaces mainly acted as heat sources. In this study, climate change projection not only predicts future spatiotemporal patterns of multiple climate factors, but also provides valuable insights into policy making related to land use management, water resource management, and agriculture management to adapt and mitigate future climate changes in this populous region. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.« less

Specifications for updating USGS land use and land cover maps

USGS Publications Warehouse

Milazzo, Valerie A.

1983-01-01

To meet the increasing demands for up-to-date land use and land cover information, a primary goal of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) national land use and land cover mapping program is to provide for periodic updating of maps and data in a timely and uniform manner. The technical specifications for updating existing USGS land use and land cover maps that are presented here cover both the interpretive aspects of detecting and identifying land use and land cover changes and the cartographic aspects of mapping and presenting the change data in conventional map format. They provide the map compiler with the procedures and techniques necessary to then use these change data to update existing land use and land cover maps in a manner that is both standardized and repeatable. Included are specifications for the acquisition of remotely sensed source materials, selection of compilation map bases, handling of data base corrections, editing and quality control operations, generation of map update products for USGS open file, and the reproduction and distribution of open file materials. These specifications are planned to become part of the National Mapping Division's Technical Instructions.

Future of America's Forests and Rangelands: Update to the 2010 Resources Planning Act Assessment

Treesearch

Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture

2016-01-01

The Update to the 2010 Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment summarizes findings about the status, trends, and projected future of forests, rangelands, wildlife, biodiversity, water, outdoor recreation, and urban forests, as well as the effects of climate change upon these resources. Varying assumptions about population and economic growth, land use change, and...

Aligning land use with land potential

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Current agricultural land use is dominated by an emphasis on provisioning services by applying energy-intensive inputs through relatively uniform production systems across variable landscapes. This approach to agricultural land use is not sustainable. Integrated agricultural systems (IAS) are uphe...

LandSense: A Citizen Observatory and Innovation Marketplace for Land Use and Land Cover Monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moorthy, Inian; Fritz, Steffen; See, Linda; McCallum, Ian

2017-04-01

Currently within the EU's Earth Observation (EO) monitoring framework, there is a need for low-cost methods for acquiring high quality in-situ data to create accurate and well-validated environmental monitoring products. To help address this need, a new four year Horizon 2020 project entitled LandSense will link remote sensing data with modern participatory data collection methods that involve citizen scientists. This paper will describe the citizen science activities within the LandSense Observatory that aim to deliver concrete, measurable and quality-assured ground-based data that will complement existing satellite monitoring systems. LandSense will deploy advanced tools, services and resources to mobilize and engage citizens to collect in-situ observations (i.e. ground-based data and visual interpretations of EO imagery). Integrating these citizen-driven in-situ data collections with established authoritative and open access data sources will help reduce costs, extend GEOSS and Copernicus capacities, and support comprehensive environmental monitoring systems. Policy-relevant campaigns will be implemented in close collaboration with multiple stakeholders to ensure that citizen observations address user requirements and contribute to EU-wide environmental governance and decision-making. Campaigns for addressing local and regional Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) issues are planned for select areas in Austria, France, Germany, Spain, Slovenia and Serbia. Novel LandSense services (LandSense Campaigner, FarmLand Support, Change Detector and Quality Assurance & Control) will be deployed and tested in these areas to address critical LULC issues (i.e. urbanization, agricultural land use and forest/habitat monitoring). For example, local residents in the cities of Vienna, Tulln, and Heidelberg will help cooperatively detect and map changes in land cover and green space to address key issues of urban sprawl, land take and flooding. Such campaigns are facilitated through

Fallow land effects on land-atmosphere interactions in California drought

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Y.; Melton, F. S.; Kueppers, L. M.

2015-12-01

The recent drought in California increased the area of fallow land, which is cropland not planted or irrigated per normal agricultural practice. The effects of fallow land on land-atmosphere interactions in drought years are not well studied, but theoretically should alter local energy balance and surface climate relative to normal years, which in turn could affect neighboring cropland. We examined these effects using a regional climate model (Weather Research and Forecasting model) coupled with a dynamic crop growth model (Community Land Model) that has an irrigation scheme to study the effects of fallow land in 2014, an extreme drought year in California. In our study, we used satellite-derived maps of cultivated and fallowed acreage, and defined summer fallow land in 2014 as the reduced percentage of cultivated land for each grid cell relative to the 2011 cultivated area (2011 was the most recent year following a winter with average or above average precipitation). Using a sensitivity experiment that kept large-scale climate boundary conditions constant, we found that fallow land resulted in even dryer and warmer weather that worsened the drought impact. Fallow land increased 2-meter air temperature by 0.1- 4 °C with 0-80% fallow land, mainly due to an increase in nighttime temperature. Fallow land warmed the atmosphere up to 850hpa during the day, and after sunset, the warmed atmosphere emitted downward longwave radiation that prevented the surface from rapidly cooling, and therefore resulted in warmer nights. Fallow land reduced near surface relative humidity by 5-30% and increased vapor pressure deficit by 0.5-2 kPa. These drier conditions increased the irrigation water demand in the nearby cropland: crops required 1-25% more irrigation with 10-80% fallow land within the same 10km grid cell. Our study suggests that fallow land has large impacts on land-atmosphere interactions and increases irrigation requirements in nearby cropland.

Updating representation of land surface-atmosphere feedbacks in airborne campaign modeling analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, M.; Carmichael, G. R.; Crawford, J. H.; Chan, S.; Xu, X.; Fisher, J. A.

2017-12-01

An updated modeling system to support airborne field campaigns is being built at NASA Ames Pleiades, with focus on adjusting the representation of land surface-atmosphere feedbacks. The main updates, referring to previous experiences with ARCTAS-CARB and CalNex in the western US to study air pollution inflows, include: 1) migrating the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) coupled land surface model from Noah to improved/more complex models especially Noah-MP and Rapid Update Cycle; 2) enabling the WRF land initialization with suitably spun-up land model output; 3) incorporating satellite land cover, vegetation dynamics, and soil moisture data (i.e., assimilating Soil Moisture Active Passive data using the ensemble Kalman filter approach) into WRF. Examples are given of comparing the model fields with available aircraft observations during spring-summer 2016 field campaigns taken place at the eastern side of continents (KORUS-AQ in South Korea and ACT-America in the eastern US), the air pollution export regions. Under fair weather and stormy conditions, air pollution vertical distributions and column amounts, as well as the impact from land surface, are compared. These help identify challenges and opportunities for LEO/GEO satellite remote sensing and modeling of air quality in the northern hemisphere. Finally, we briefly show applications of this system on simulating Australian conditions, which would explore the needs for further development of the observing system in the southern hemisphere and inform the Clean Air and Urban Landscapes (https://www.nespurban.edu.au) modelers.

18 CFR 367.55 - Land and land rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... grading of land and rights-of-way and the damage costs associated with the construction and installation... to any structures or improvements located on the land sold. (f) The cost of buildings and other... acquisition of an interest in land the interest extends to buildings or other improvements (other than public...

18 CFR 367.55 - Land and land rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... grading of land and rights-of-way and the damage costs associated with the construction and installation... to any structures or improvements located on the land sold. (f) The cost of buildings and other... acquisition of an interest in land the interest extends to buildings or other improvements (other than public...

18 CFR 367.55 - Land and land rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... grading of land and rights-of-way and the damage costs associated with the construction and installation... to any structures or improvements located on the land sold. (f) The cost of buildings and other... acquisition of an interest in land the interest extends to buildings or other improvements (other than public...

18 CFR 367.55 - Land and land rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... grading of land and rights-of-way and the damage costs associated with the construction and installation... to any structures or improvements located on the land sold. (f) The cost of buildings and other... acquisition of an interest in land the interest extends to buildings or other improvements (other than public...

Impact of Land Model Calibration on Coupled Land-Atmosphere Prediction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Santanello, Joseph A., Jr.; Kumar, Sujay V.; Peters-Lidard, Christa D.; Harrison, Ken; Zhou, Shujia

2012-01-01

Land-atmosphere (L-A) interactions play a critical role in determining the diurnal evolution of both planetary boundary layer (PBL) and land surface heat and moisture budgets, as well as controlling feedbacks with clouds and precipitation that lead to the persistence of dry and wet regimes. Recent efforts to quantify the strength of L-A coupling in prediction models have produced diagnostics that integrate across both the land and PBL components of the system. In this study, we examine the impact of improved specification of land surface states, anomalies, and fluxes on coupled WRF forecasts during the summers of extreme dry and wet land surface conditions in the U.S. Southern Great Plains. The improved land initialization and surface flux parameterizations are obtained through calibration of the Noah land surface model using the new optimization and uncertainty estimation subsystem in NASA's Land Information System (LIS-OPT/UE). The impact of the calibration on the a) spinup of the land surface used as initial conditions, and b) the simulated heat and moisture states and fluxes of the coupled WRF simulations is then assessed. Changes in ambient weather and land-atmosphere coupling are evaluated along with measures of uncertainty propagation into the forecasts. In addition, the sensitivity of this approach to the period of calibration (dry, wet, average) is investigated. Results indicate that the offline calibration leads to systematic improvements in land-PBL fluxes and near-surface temperature and humidity, and in the process provide guidance on the questions of what, how, and when to calibrate land surface models for coupled model prediction.

Effects of land use on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in Estonia.

PubMed

Sepp, Siim-Kaarel; Jairus, Teele; Vasar, Martti; Zobel, Martin; Öpik, Maarja

2018-04-01

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities vary across habitat types, as well as across different land use types. Most relevant research, however, has focused on agricultural or other severely human-impacted ecosystems. Here, we compared AM fungal communities across six habitat types: calcareous grassland, overgrown ungrazed calcareous grassland, wooded meadow, farmyard lawn, boreonemoral forest, and boreonemoral forest clear-cut, exhibiting contrasting modes of land use. AM fungi in the roots of a single host plant species, Prunella vulgaris, and in its rhizosphere soil were identified using 454-sequencing from a total of 103 samples from 12 sites in Estonia. Mean AM fungal taxon richness per sample did not differ among habitats. AM fungal community composition, however, was significantly different among habitat types. Both abandonment and land use intensification (clearcutting; trampling combined with frequent mowing) changed AM fungal community composition. The AM fungal communities in different habitat types were most similar in the roots of the single host plant species and most distinct in soil samples, suggesting a non-random pattern in host-fungal taxon interactions. The results show that AM fungal taxon composition is driven by habitat type and land use intensity, while the plant host may act as an additional filter between the available and realized AM fungal species pool.

LANDING QUALITY IN ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS IS RELATED TO LANDING SYMMETRY

PubMed Central

Marinšek, M.

2013-01-01

In gymnastics every exercise finishes with a landing. The quality of landing depends on subjective (e.g. biomechanical) and objective (e.g. mechanical characteristics of landing area) factors. The aim of our research was to determine which biomechanical (temporal, kinematic and dynamic) characteristics of landing best predict the quality of landing. Twelve male gymnasts performed a stretched forward and backward salto; also with 1/2, 1/1 and 3/2 turns. Stepwise multiple regression extracted five predictors which explained 51.5% of landing quality variance. All predictors were defining asymmetries between legs (velocities, angles). To avoid asymmetric landings, gymnasts need to develop enough height; they need higher angular momentum around the transverse and longitudinal axis and they need to better control angular velocity in the longitudinal axis. PMID:24744462

Biofuels on the landscape: Is "land sharing" preferable to "land sparing"?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

DeLucia, E. H.; Anderson-Teixeira, K. J.; Duval, B. D.; Long, S. P.

2012-12-01

Widespread land use changes—and ensuing effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services—are expected as a result of expanding bioenergy production. Although almost all US production of ethanol today is from corn, it is envisaged that future ethanol production will also draw from cellulosic sources such as perennial grasses. In selecting optimal bioenergy crops, there is debate as to whether it is preferable from an environmental standpoint to cultivate bioenergy crops with high ecosystem services (a "land sharing" strategy) or to grow crops with lower ecosystem services but higher yield, thereby requiring less land to meet bioenergy demand (a "land sparing" strategy). Here, we develop a simple model to address this question. Assuming that bioenergy crops are competing with uncultivated land, our model calculates land requirements to meet a given bioenergy demand intensity based upon the yields of bioenergy crops and combines fractional land cover of each ecosystem type with its associated ecosystem services to determine whether land sharing or land sparing strategies maximize ecosystem services at the landscape level. We apply this model to a case in which climate protection through GHG regulation—an ecosystem's greenhouse gas value (GHGV)—is the ecosystem service of interest. We consider five bioenergy crops competing for land area with five unfarmed ecosystem types in the central and eastern US. Our results show that the relative advantages of land sparing and land sharing depend upon the type of ecosystem with which the bioenergy crop is competing for land; as the GHGV value of the unfarmed land increases, the preferable strategy shifts from land sharing to land sparing. This implies that, while it may be preferable to replace ecologically degraded land with high-GHGV, lower yielding bioenergy crops, average landscape GHGV will most often be maximized through high yielding bioenergy crops that leave more land for uncultivated, high-GHGV ecosystems. While

Statistics of Land-Grant Colleges, Year Ended June 30, 1923. Bulletin, 1925, No. 19

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenleaf, Walter J.

1926-01-01

It is the responsibility of the Bureau of Education to supervise the Federal funds which the land-grant colleges receive from the first Morrill Act of 1862, and from the Morrill-Nelson provisions of 1890 and 1907. The presidents of these institutions are required to make in detail a special annual report concerning the enrollments, teaching staff,…

Land Ethics for Bureau of Land Management Employees

Treesearch

Duane DePaepe

1992-01-01

With increased public concern for public lands resource steward-ship, the Bureau of Land Management is more and more expected to make what is perceived as "right decisions." The ethical dimensions of often highly complex decision making processes have become more and more apparent. The baseline research presented here is designed to promote a land ethic...

Impacts of historic and projected land-cover, land-use, and land-management change on carbon and water fluxes: The Land Use Model Intercomparison Project (LUMIP)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lawrence, D. M.; Lombardozzi, D. L.; Lawrence, P.; Hurtt, G. C.

2017-12-01

Human land-use activities have resulted in large changes to the Earth surface, with resulting implications for climate. In the future, land-use activities are likely to intensify to meet growing demands for food, fiber, and energy. The Land Use Model Intercomparison Project (LUMIP) aims to further advance understanding of the broad question of impacts of land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) as well as more detailed science questions to get at process-level attribution, uncertainty, and data requirements in more depth and sophistication than possible in a multi-model context to date. LUMIP is multi-faceted and aims to advance our understanding of land-use change from several perspectives. In particular, LUMIP includes a factorial set of land-only simulations that differ from each other with respect to the specific treatment of land use or land management (e.g., irrigation active or not, crop fertilization active or not, wood harvest on or not), or in terms of prescribed climate. This factorial series of experiments serves several purposes and is designed to provide a detailed assessment of how the specification of land-cover change and land management affects the carbon, water, and energy cycle response to land-use change. The potential analyses that are possible through this set of experiments are vast. For example, comparing a control experiment with all land management active to an experiment with no irrigation allows a multi-model assessment of whether or not the increasing use of irrigation during the 20th century is likely to have significantly altered trends of regional water and energy fluxes (and therefore climate) and/or crop yield and carbon fluxes in agricultural regions. Here, we will present preliminary results from the factorial set of experiments utilizing the Community Land Model (CLM5). The analyses presented here will help guide multi-model analyses once the full set of LUMIP simulations are available.

Land system change and food security: towards multi-scale land system solutions☆

PubMed Central

Verburg, Peter H; Mertz, Ole; Erb, Karl-Heinz; Haberl, Helmut; Wu, Wenbin

2013-01-01

Land system changes are central to the food security challenge. Land system science can contribute to sustainable solutions by an integrated analysis of land availability and the assessment of the tradeoffs associated with agricultural expansion and land use intensification. A land system perspective requires local studies of production systems to be contextualised in a regional and global context, while global assessments should be confronted with local realities. Understanding of land governance structures will help to support the development of land use policies and tenure systems that assist in designing more sustainable ways of intensification. Novel land systems should be designed that are adapted to the local context and framed within the global socio-ecological system. Such land systems should explicitly account for the role of land governance as a primary driver of land system change and food production. PMID:24143158

On the predictability of land surface fluxes from meteorological variables

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haughton, Ned; Abramowitz, Gab; Pitman, Andy J.

2018-01-01

Previous research has shown that land surface models (LSMs) are performing poorly when compared with relatively simple empirical models over a wide range of metrics and environments. Atmospheric driving data appear to provide information about land surface fluxes that LSMs are not fully utilising. Here, we further quantify the information available in the meteorological forcing data that are used by LSMs for predicting land surface fluxes, by interrogating FLUXNET data, and extending the benchmarking methodology used in previous experiments. We show that substantial performance improvement is possible for empirical models using meteorological data alone, with no explicit vegetation or soil properties, thus setting lower bounds on a priori expectations on LSM performance. The process also identifies key meteorological variables that provide predictive power. We provide an ensemble of empirical benchmarks that are simple to reproduce and provide a range of behaviours and predictive performance, acting as a baseline benchmark set for future studies. We reanalyse previously published LSM simulations and show that there is more diversity between LSMs than previously indicated, although it remains unclear why LSMs are broadly performing so much worse than simple empirical models.

75 FR 6837 - Notice of Call for Nominations for Bureau of Land Management's California Desert District...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-11

... consists of 15 private individuals who represent different interests and advise BLM officials on policies... additional 3-year term. Section 309 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act directs the Secretary of... Area and 300,000 acres of scattered parcels in San Diego, western Riverside, western San Bernardino...

The potential of land management to decrease global warming from climate change

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mayer, A.; Hausfather, Z.; Jones, A. D.; Silver, W. L.

2016-12-01

Recent evidence suggests that negative emissions (i.e. sequestration) is critical to slow climate change (IPCC, 2013; Gasser et al, 2015). Agricultural (crop and grazing) lands have the potential to act as a significant carbon sink. These ecosystems cover a significant proportion of the global land surface, and are largely degraded with regard to soil carbon due to previous management practices (Bai et al, 2008). However, few studies have examined the required scale of land management interventions that would be required to make a significant contribution to a portfolio of efforts aimed at limiting anthropogenic influences on global mean temperature. To address this, we modelled the quantitative effect of a range of soil carbon sequestration rates on global temperature to 2100. Results showed that by assuming a baseline emissions scenario outlined in RCP 2.6, the sequestration of an additional 0.7 Pg C per year through improved agricultural land management practices would produce a reduction of 0.1 degrees C from predicted global temperatures by the year 2100. We also compiled previous estimates of global carbon sequestration potential of agricultural soils to compare with our theoretical prediction to determine whether carbon sequestration through existing land management practices has potential to significantly reduce global temperatures. Assuming long-term soil carbon uptake, the combined potential of agricultural land management-based mitigation approaches exceeded 0.25 degrees C warming reduction by the year 2100. However, results were highly sensitive to potential carbon saturation, defined as the maximum threshold for carbon storage in soil. Our results suggest that current land management technologies and available land area exist and could make a measureable impact on warming reduction. Results also highlighted potential carbon saturation as a key gap in knowledge.

Land-based approach to evaluate sustainable land management and adaptive capacity of ecosystems/lands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kust, German; Andreeva, Olga

2015-04-01

A number of new concepts and paradigms appeared during last decades, such as sustainable land management (SLM), climate change (CC) adaptation, environmental services, ecosystem health, and others. All of these initiatives still not having the common scientific platform although some agreements in terminology were reached, schemes of links and feedback loops created, and some models developed. Nevertheless, in spite of all these scientific achievements, the land related issues are still not in the focus of CC adaptation and mitigation. The last did not grow much beyond the "greenhouse gases" (GHG) concept, which makes land degradation as the "forgotten side of climate change" The possible decision to integrate concepts of climate and desertification/land degradation could be consideration of the "GHG" approach providing global solution, and "land" approach providing local solution covering other "locally manifesting" issues of global importance (biodiversity conservation, food security, disasters and risks, etc.) to serve as a central concept among those. SLM concept is a land-based approach, which includes the concepts of both ecosystem-based approach (EbA) and community-based approach (CbA). SLM can serve as in integral CC adaptation strategy, being based on the statement "the more healthy and resilient the system is, the less vulnerable and more adaptive it will be to any external changes and forces, including climate" The biggest scientific issue is the methods to evaluate the SLM and results of the SLM investments. We suggest using the approach based on the understanding of the balance or equilibrium of the land and nature components as the major sign of the sustainable system. Prom this point of view it is easier to understand the state of the ecosystem stress, size of the "health", range of adaptive capacity, drivers of degradation and SLM nature, as well as the extended land use, and the concept of environmental land management as the improved SLM approach

A Land System representation for global assessments and land-use modeling.

PubMed

van Asselen, Sanneke; Verburg, Peter H

2012-10-01

Current global scale land-change models used for integrated assessments and climate modeling are based on classifications of land cover. However, land-use management intensity and livestock keeping are also important aspects of land use, and are an integrated part of land systems. This article aims to classify, map, and to characterize Land Systems (LS) at a global scale and analyze the spatial determinants of these systems. Besides proposing such a classification, the article tests if global assessments can be based on globally uniform allocation rules. Land cover, livestock, and agricultural intensity data are used to map LS using a hierarchical classification method. Logistic regressions are used to analyze variation in spatial determinants of LS. The analysis of the spatial determinants of LS indicates strong associations between LS and a range of socioeconomic and biophysical indicators of human-environment interactions. The set of identified spatial determinants of a LS differs among regions and scales, especially for (mosaic) cropland systems, grassland systems with livestock, and settlements. (Semi-)Natural LS have more similar spatial determinants across regions and scales. Using LS in global models is expected to result in a more accurate representation of land use capturing important aspects of land systems and land architecture: the variation in land cover and the link between land-use intensity and landscape composition. Because the set of most important spatial determinants of LS varies among regions and scales, land-change models that include the human drivers of land change are best parameterized at sub-global level, where similar biophysical, socioeconomic and cultural conditions prevail in the specific regions. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Sensing land pollution.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bowden, L. W.

1971-01-01

Land pollution is described in numerous ways by various societies. Pollutants of land are material by-products of human activity and range from environmentally ineffective to positively toxic. The pollution of land by man is centuries old and correlates directly with economy, technology and population. In order to remotely sense land pollution, standards or thresholds must be established. Examples of the potential for sensing land pollution and quality are presented. The technological capabilities for remotely sensed land quality is far advanced over the judgment on how to use the sensed data. Until authoritative and directive decisions on land pollution policy are made, sensing of pollutants will be a random, local and academic affair.

Polarization in the land distribution, land use and land cover change in the Amazon

PubMed Central

D'ANTONA, Alvaro; VANWEY, Leah; LUDEWIGS, Thomas

2013-01-01

The objective of this article is to present Polarization of Agrarian Structure as a single, more complete representation than models emphasizing rural exodus and consolidation of land into large agropastoral enterprises of the dynamics of changing land distribution, land use / cover, and thus the rural milieu of Amazonia. Data were collected in 2003 using social surveys on a sample of 587 lots randomly selected from among 5,086 lots on a cadastral map produced in the 1970s. Georeferencing of current property boundaries in the location of these previously demarcated lots allows us to relate sociodemographic and biophysical variables of the surveyed properties to the changes in boundaries that have occurred since the 1970s. As have other authors in other Amazonian regions, we found concentration of land ownership into larger properties. The approach we took, however, showed that changes in the distribution of land ownership is not limited to the appearance of larger properties, those with 200 ha or more; there also exists substantial division of earlier lots into properties with fewer than five hectares, many without any agropastoral use. These two trends are juxtaposed against the decline in establishments with between five and 200 ha. The variation across groups in land use / land cover and population distribution shows the necessity of developing conceptual models, whether from socioeconomic, demographic or environmental perspectives, look beyond a single group of people or properties. PMID:24639597

Land

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The ROE is divided into 5 themes: Air, Water, Land, Human Exposure and Health and Ecological Condition. From these themes, the report indicators address fundamental questions that the ROE attempts to answer. For Land there are 5 questions.

The second act. With Obama and the reform law here to stay, big decisions are ahead for healthcare.

PubMed

Daly, Rich; Zigmond, Jessica

2012-11-12

The re-election of President Barack Obama to a second term and the preservation of a Democratic majority in the Senate removed doubts about the survival of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act as the law of the land.

Selecting land-based mitigation practices to reduce GHG emissions from the rural land use sector: a case study of North East Scotland.

PubMed

Feliciano, Diana; Hunter, Colin; Slee, Bill; Smith, Pete

2013-05-15

The Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009 commits Scotland to reduce GHG emissions by at least 42% by 2020 and 80% by 2050, from 1990 levels. According to the Climate Change Delivery Plan, the desired emission reduction for the rural land use sector (agriculture and other land uses) is 21% compared to 1990, or 10% compared to 2006 levels. In 2006, in North East Scotland, gross greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rural land uses were about 1599 ktCO2e. Thus, to achieve a 10% reduction in 2020 relative to 2006, emissions would have to decrease to about 1440 ktCO2e. This study developed a methodology to help selecting land-based practices to mitigate GHG emissions at the regional level. The main criterion used was the "full" mitigation potential of each practice. A mix of methods was used to undertake this study, namely a literature review and quantitative estimates. The mitigation practice that offered greatest "full" mitigation potential (≈66% reduction by 2020 relative to 2006) was woodland planting with Sitka spruce. Several barriers, such as economic, social, political and institutional, affect the uptake of mitigation practices in the region. Consequently the achieved mitigation potential of a practice may be lower than its "full" mitigation potential. Surveys and focus groups, with relevant stakeholders, need to be undertaken to assess the real area where mitigation practices can be implemented and the best way to overcome the barriers for their implementation. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Assessment of Land and Water Resource Implications of the UK 2050 Carbon Plan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Konadu, D. D.; Sobral Mourao, Z.; Skelton, S.; Lupton, R.

2015-12-01

The UK Carbon Plan presents four low-carbon energy system pathways that achieves 80% GHG emission targets by 2050, stipulated in the UK Climate Change Act (2008). However, some of the energy technologies prescribed under these pathways are land and water intensive; but would the increase demand for land and water under these pathways lead to increased competition and stress on agricultural land, and water resources in the UK? To answer the above question, this study uses an integrated modelling approach, ForeseerTM, which characterises the interdependencies and evaluates the land and water requirement for the pathways, based on scenarios of power plant location, and the energy crop yield projections. The outcome is compared with sustainable limits of resource appropriation to assess potential stresses and competition for water and land by other sectors of the economy. The results show the Carbon Plan pathways have low overall impacts on UK water resources, but agricultural land use and food production could be significantly impacted. The impact on agricultural land use is shown to be mainly driven by projections for transport decarbonisation via indigenously sourced biofuels. On the other hand, the impact on water resources is mainly associated with increased inland thermal electricity generation capacity, which would compete with other industrial and public water demands. The results highlight the need for a critical appraisal of UK's long term low-carbon energy system planning, in particular bioenergy sourcing strategy, and the siting of thermal power generation in order to avert potential resource stress and competition.

BIOAVAILABILITY AND TROPHIC TRANSFER OF HUMIC-BOUND COPPER FROM BACTERIA TO ZOOPLANKTON

EPA Science Inventory

The effect of humic acid (HA) on uptake and transfer of Cu by selected marine organisms from the microbial loop was determined. Bacteria grown to stationary phase in cultures with and without 15 ug Cu l -1 and with and without 10 mg Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) l -1 were fed ...

Republic Act No. 6734, 1 August 1989.

PubMed

1989-01-01

This document contains provisions of the Republic Act No. 6734 of August 1989 which sets forth the Organic Act for the Autonomous Region of Mindanao. Article 9 creates a Shari'ah Appellate Court for the Region which will have jurisdiction over cases involving persons, family, and property relations. Article 11 calls on the Regional Government to protect the ancestral domain and lands of the indigenous population. The Regional Assembly is directed to enact legislation covering child health and development, the condition of women and status of the indigenous population, and the registration of vital statistics. The Regional Government is also to create a housing program that will provide adequate, low-cost housing and other basic services. The family is recognized as the foundation of the nation, and the role of women in nation-building and regional development is acknowledged. Women will be adequately represented in appropriate decision- and policy-making bodies, and the government will take appropriate action against all forms of exploitation of and discrimination against women.

Reframing the land-sparing/land-sharing debate for biodiversity conservation.

PubMed

Kremen, Claire

2015-10-01

Conservation biologists are devoting an increasing amount of energy to debating whether land sparing (high-yielding agriculture on a small land footprint) or land sharing (low-yielding, wildlife-friendly agriculture on a larger land footprint) will promote better outcomes for local and global biodiversity. In turn, concerns are mounting about how to feed the world, given increasing demands for food. In this review, I evaluate the land-sparing/land-sharing framework--does the framework stimulate research and policy that can reconcile agricultural land use with biodiversity conservation, or is a revised framing needed? I review (1) the ecological evidence in favor of sparing versus sharing; (2) the evidence from land-use change studies that assesses whether a relationship exists between agricultural intensification and land sparing; and (3) how that relationship may be affected by socioeconomic and political factors. To address the trade-off between biodiversity conservation and food production, I then ask which forms of agricultural intensification can best feed the world now and in the future. On the basis of my review, I suggest that the dichotomy of the land-sparing/land-sharing framework limits the realm of future possibilities to two, largely undesirable, options for conservation. Both large, protected regions and favorable surrounding matrices are needed to promote biodiversity conservation; they work synergistically and are not mutually exclusive. A "both-and" framing of large protected areas surrounded by a wildlife-friendly matrix suggests different research priorities from the "either-or" framing of sparing versus sharing. Furthermore, wildlife-friendly farming methods such as agroecology may be best adapted to provide food for the world's hungry people. © 2015 New York Academy of Sciences.

Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Land Use Land Cover Change Driven by Large Scale Land Transactions in Cambodia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghosh, A.; Smith, J. C.; Hijmans, R. J.

2017-12-01

Since mid-1990s, the Cambodian government granted nearly 300 `Economic Land Concessions' (ELCs), occupying approximately 2.3 million ha to foreign and domestic organizations (primarily agribusinesses). The majority of Cambodian ELC deals have been issued in areas of both relatively low population density and low agricultural productivity, dominated by smallholder production. These regions often contain highly biodiverse areas, thereby increasing the ecological cost associated with land clearing for extractive purposes. These large-scale land transactions have also resulted in substantial and rapid changes in land-use patterns and agriculture practices by smallholder farmers. In this study, we investigated the spatio-temporal characteristics of land use change associated with large-scale land transactions across Cambodia using multi-temporal multi-reolution remote sensing data. We identified major regions of deforestation during the last two decades using Landsat archive, global forest change data (2000-2014) and georeferenced database of ELC deals. We then mapped the deforestation and land clearing within ELC boundaries as well as areas bordering or near ELCs to quantify the impact of ELCs on local communities. Using time-series from MODIS Vegetation Indices products for the study period, we also estimated the time period over which any particular ELC deal initiated its proposed activity. We found evidence of similar patterns of land use change outside the boundaries of ELC deals which may be associated with i) illegal land encroachments by ELCs and/or ii) new agricultural practices adopted by local farmers near ELC boundaries. We also detected significant time gaps between ELC deal granting dates and initiation of land clearing for ELC purposes. Interestingly, we also found that not all designated areas for ELCs were put into effect indicating the possible proliferation of speculative land deals. This study demonstrates the potential of remote sensing techniques

76 FR 29785 - Notice of Realty Action: Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification; Lease of Public Land...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-23

... runway and related improvements for flying radio-controlled model airplanes. The Bureau of Land... to contact the above individual during normal business hours. The FIRS is available 24 hours a day, 7... normal business hours. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The BLM has examined and found the following tract to...

76 FR 16805 - Notice of Call for Nominations for the Bureau of Land Management's California Desert District...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-25

... represent different interests and advise BLM officials on policies and programs concerning the management of... those positions. Section 309 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA) directs the Secretary... in San Diego, western Riverside, western San Bernardino, Orange, and Los Angeles Counties (known as...

New Tribes for New Times: One of a Series of Articles on the Native Land Claims.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Guy

As one in a series of eight articles written by different professionals concerned with Alaska Native land claims, this article focuses on potential economic development of local and regional areas via Native management of funds derived from the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. Designed to stimulate careful political/historical reading and…

Attribution of Net Carbon Change by Disturbance Type across Forest Lands of the Continental United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hagen, S. C.; Harris, N.; Saatchi, S. S.; Domke, G. M.; Woodall, C. W.; Pearson, T.

2016-12-01

We generated spatially comprehensive maps of carbon stocks and net carbon changes from US forestlands between 2005 and 2010 and attributed the changes to natural and anthropogenic processes. The prototype system created to produce these maps is designed to assist with national GHG inventories and support decisions associated with land management. Here, we present the results and methodological framework of our analysis. In summary, combining estimates of net C losses and gains results in net carbon change of 269±49 Tg C yr-1 (sink) in the coterminous US forest land, with carbon loss from harvest acting as the predominent source process.

75 FR 5341 - Classification and Conveyance for Recreation and Public Purposes Act of Public Lands in Harney...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-02

... lands by close of business on March 4, 2010. ADDRESSES: Mail written comments to Joan M. Suther, Andrews... property. The conveyance of this parcel is consistent with the BLM Andrews Management Unit Resource... or other delivery services, or hand-delivered to the Andrews/Steens Field Manager, BLM Burns District...

Historical and contemporary geographic data reveal complex spatial and temporal responses of vegetation to climate and land stewardship

USGS Publications Warehouse

Villarreal, Miguel L.; Norman, Laura M.; Webb, Robert H.; Turner, Raymond M.

2013-01-01

Vegetation and land-cover changes are not always directional but follow complex trajectories over space and time, driven by changing anthropogenic and abiotic conditions. We present a multi-observational approach to land-change analysis that addresses the complex geographic and temporal variability of vegetation changes related to climate and land use. Using land-ownership data as a proxy for land-use practices, multitemporal land-cover maps, and repeat photography dating to the late 19th century, we examine changing spatial and temporal distributions of two vegetation types with high conservation value in the southwestern United States: grasslands and riparian vegetation. In contrast to many reported vegetation changes, notably shrub encroachment in desert grasslands, we found an overall increase in grassland area and decline of xeroriparian and riparian vegetation. These observed change patterns were neither temporally directional nor spatially uniform over the landscape. Historical data suggest that long-term vegetation changes coincide with broad climate fluctuations while fine-scale patterns are determined by land-management practices. In some cases, restoration and active management appear to weaken the effects of climate on vegetation; therefore, if land managers in this region act in accord with on-going directional changes, the current drought and associated ecological reorganization may provide an opportunity to achieve desired restoration endpoints.

A global dataset of crowdsourced land cover and land use reference data.

PubMed

Fritz, Steffen; See, Linda; Perger, Christoph; McCallum, Ian; Schill, Christian; Schepaschenko, Dmitry; Duerauer, Martina; Karner, Mathias; Dresel, Christopher; Laso-Bayas, Juan-Carlos; Lesiv, Myroslava; Moorthy, Inian; Salk, Carl F; Danylo, Olha; Sturn, Tobias; Albrecht, Franziska; You, Liangzhi; Kraxner, Florian; Obersteiner, Michael

2017-06-13

Global land cover is an essential climate variable and a key biophysical driver for earth system models. While remote sensing technology, particularly satellites, have played a key role in providing land cover datasets, large discrepancies have been noted among the available products. Global land use is typically more difficult to map and in many cases cannot be remotely sensed. In-situ or ground-based data and high resolution imagery are thus an important requirement for producing accurate land cover and land use datasets and this is precisely what is lacking. Here we describe the global land cover and land use reference data derived from the Geo-Wiki crowdsourcing platform via four campaigns. These global datasets provide information on human impact, land cover disagreement, wilderness and land cover and land use. Hence, they are relevant for the scientific community that requires reference data for global satellite-derived products, as well as those interested in monitoring global terrestrial ecosystems in general.

A global dataset of crowdsourced land cover and land use reference data

PubMed Central

Fritz, Steffen; See, Linda; Perger, Christoph; McCallum, Ian; Schill, Christian; Schepaschenko, Dmitry; Duerauer, Martina; Karner, Mathias; Dresel, Christopher; Laso-Bayas, Juan-Carlos; Lesiv, Myroslava; Moorthy, Inian; Salk, Carl F.; Danylo, Olha; Sturn, Tobias; Albrecht, Franziska; You, Liangzhi; Kraxner, Florian; Obersteiner, Michael

2017-01-01

Global land cover is an essential climate variable and a key biophysical driver for earth system models. While remote sensing technology, particularly satellites, have played a key role in providing land cover datasets, large discrepancies have been noted among the available products. Global land use is typically more difficult to map and in many cases cannot be remotely sensed. In-situ or ground-based data and high resolution imagery are thus an important requirement for producing accurate land cover and land use datasets and this is precisely what is lacking. Here we describe the global land cover and land use reference data derived from the Geo-Wiki crowdsourcing platform via four campaigns. These global datasets provide information on human impact, land cover disagreement, wilderness and land cover and land use. Hence, they are relevant for the scientific community that requires reference data for global satellite-derived products, as well as those interested in monitoring global terrestrial ecosystems in general. PMID:28608851

Land cover and topography affect the land transformation caused by wind facilities

USGS Publications Warehouse

Diffendorfer, Jay E.; Compton, Roger W.

2014-01-01

Land transformation (ha of surface disturbance/MW) associated with wind facilities shows wide variation in its reported values. In addition, no studies have attempted to explain the variation across facilities. We digitized land transformation at 39 wind facilities using high resolution aerial imagery. We then modeled the effects of turbine size, configuration, land cover, and topography on the levels of land transformation at three spatial scales. The scales included strings (turbines with intervening roads only), sites (strings with roads connecting them, buried cables and other infrastructure), and entire facilities (sites and the roads or transmission lines connecting them to existing infrastructure). An information theoretic modeling approach indicated land cover and topography were well-supported variables affecting land transformation, but not turbine size or configuration. Tilled landscapes, despite larger distances between turbines, had lower average land transformation, while facilities in forested landscapes generally had the highest land transformation. At site and string scales, flat topographies had the lowest land transformation, while facilities on mesas had the largest. The results indicate the landscape in which the facilities are placed affects the levels of land transformation associated with wind energy. This creates opportunities for optimizing wind energy production while minimizing land cover change. In addition, the results indicate forecasting the impacts of wind energy on land transformation should include the geographic variables affecting land transformation reported here.

Land Cover and Topography Affect the Land Transformation Caused by Wind Facilities

PubMed Central

Diffendorfer, Jay E.; Compton, Roger W.

2014-01-01

Land transformation (ha of surface disturbance/MW) associated with wind facilities shows wide variation in its reported values. In addition, no studies have attempted to explain the variation across facilities. We digitized land transformation at 39 wind facilities using high resolution aerial imagery. We then modeled the effects of turbine size, configuration, land cover, and topography on the levels of land transformation at three spatial scales. The scales included strings (turbines with intervening roads only), sites (strings with roads connecting them, buried cables and other infrastructure), and entire facilities (sites and the roads or transmission lines connecting them to existing infrastructure). An information theoretic modeling approach indicated land cover and topography were well-supported variables affecting land transformation, but not turbine size or configuration. Tilled landscapes, despite larger distances between turbines, had lower average land transformation, while facilities in forested landscapes generally had the highest land transformation. At site and string scales, flat topographies had the lowest land transformation, while facilities on mesas had the largest. The results indicate the landscape in which the facilities are placed affects the levels of land transformation associated with wind energy. This creates opportunities for optimizing wind energy production while minimizing land cover change. In addition, the results indicate forecasting the impacts of wind energy on land transformation should include the geographic variables affecting land transformation reported here. PMID:24558449

78 FR 25302 - Notice of Realty Action: Termination of Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classifications and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-30

... generally, including the 1872 Mining Law. The classification termination and opening order will affect 30... Register (52 FR 44492) announcing the classification of 20 acres of public land under its jurisdiction as... jurisdiction as suitable for lease/disposal pursuant to the R&PP Act. Upon classification, the BLM leased the...

Cattle grazing and fish recovery on US federal lands: can social-ecological systems science help?

Treesearch

Susan Charnley; Hannah Gosnell; Kendra L Wendel; Mary M Rowland; Michael J Wisdom

2018-01-01

In the western US, grazing management on federal lands containing habitat for fish species listed under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA) has sparked social conflict and litigation for decades. To date, the problem has been addressed through a top-down environmental governance system, but rangeland managers and grazing permittees now believe there is a need for more...

75 FR 13303 - Notice of Realty Action, Lease of Public Land in Sublette County, WY

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-19

... Act of 1976 for use as a work-force facility. DATES: Comments regarding the lease must be received by...: Sixth Principal Meridian T. 28 N., R. 108 W., Sec. 8, SE\\1/4\\SE\\1/4\\. The area described contains 10... Gas (USA), Incorporated's work-force facility, under a three- year land use permit. The BLM proposes...

Classification of Land Cover and Land Use Based on Convolutional Neural Networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Chun; Rottensteiner, Franz; Heipke, Christian

2018-04-01

Land cover describes the physical material of the earth's surface, whereas land use describes the socio-economic function of a piece of land. Land use information is typically collected in geospatial databases. As such databases become outdated quickly, an automatic update process is required. This paper presents a new approach to determine land cover and to classify land use objects based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). The input data are aerial images and derived data such as digital surface models. Firstly, we apply a CNN to determine the land cover for each pixel of the input image. We compare different CNN structures, all of them based on an encoder-decoder structure for obtaining dense class predictions. Secondly, we propose a new CNN-based methodology for the prediction of the land use label of objects from a geospatial database. In this context, we present a strategy for generating image patches of identical size from the input data, which are classified by a CNN. Again, we compare different CNN architectures. Our experiments show that an overall accuracy of up to 85.7 % and 77.4 % can be achieved for land cover and land use, respectively. The classification of land cover has a positive contribution to the classification of the land use classification.

Joint mobilization acutely improves landing kinematics in chronic ankle instability.

PubMed

Delahunt, Eamonn; Cusack, Kim; Wilson, Laura; Doherty, Cailbhe

2013-03-01

The objective of this study is to examine the acute effect of ankle joint mobilizations akin to those performed in everyday clinical practice on sagittal plane ankle joint kinematics during a single-leg drop landing in participants with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Fifteen participants with self-reported CAI (defined as <24 on the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool) performed three single-leg drop landings under two different conditions: 1) premobilization and, 2) immediately, postmobilization. The mobilizations performed included Mulligan talocrural joint dorsiflexion mobilization with movement, Mulligan inferior tibiofibular joint mobilization, and Maitland anteroposterior talocrural joint mobilization. Three CODA cx1 units (Charnwood Dynamics Ltd., Leicestershire, UK) were used to provide information on ankle joint sagittal plane angular displacement. The dependent variable under investigation was the angle of ankle joint plantarflexion at the point of initial contact during the drop landing. There was a statistically significant acute decrease in the angle of ankle joint plantarflexion from premobilization (34.89° ± 4.18°) to postmobilization (31.90° ± 5.89°), t(14) = 2.62, P < 0.05 (two-tailed). The mean decrease in the angle of ankle joint plantarflexion as a result of the ankle joint mobilization was 2.98° with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.54 to 5.43. The eta squared statistic (0.32) indicated a large effect size. These results indicate that mobilization acted to acutely reduce the angle of ankle joint plantarflexion at initial contact during a single-leg drop landing. Mobilization applied to participants with CAI has a mechanical effect on the ankle joint, thus facilitating a more favorable positioning of the ankle joint when landing from a jump.

SpaceX Falcon Heavy Demo Flight - Landing

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-02-06

The SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket’s two side cores descend toward landing at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida following a successful liftoff at 3:45 p.m. EST from Launch Complex 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. This demonstration flight is a significant milestone for the world's premier multi-user spaceport. In 2014, NASA signed a property agreement with SpaceX for the use and operation of the center's pad 39A, where the company has launched Falcon 9 rockets and prepared for the first Falcon Heavy. NASA also has Space Act Agreements in place with partners, such as SpaceX, to provide services needed to process and launch rockets and spacecraft.

Rural Schools on the Prairie Turn to Land for Learning and Inspiration. Rural Trust Featured Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Null, Elizabeth Higgins

America's prairie land is under economic and ecological stress. Acting on the belief that rural schools can help revitalize their communities when schools' activities are related to the places where they are located, schools in Arizona, Kansas, and Nebraska are integrating prairie studies across the K-12 curricula. With the help of area…

76 FR 3015 - Prohibitions in Areas Designated by Order; Closure of National Forest System Lands To Protect...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-19

... Cause Statement The Administrative Procedure Act (APA) exempts certain rulemaking from its public notice...)), such as federal lands managed by the Forest Service. Furthermore, the APA allows agencies to promulgate... from public notice and comment rulemaking under the APA (July 24, 1971; 36 FR 13804). Thus, agencies in...

75 FR 49521 - Notice of Public Meeting: Resource Advisory Council to the Boise District, Bureau of Land...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-13

... implementation of the Owyhee Public Lands Management Act (OMA) will be provided. Field Office managers will provide highlights for discussion on activities in their offices. Agenda items and location may change due... the public are invited to attend. A comment period will be held following the Field Office Updates...

Deposition and disinfection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on naturally occurring photoactive materials in a parallel plate chamber†

PubMed Central

Taylor, Alicia A.; Chowdhury, Indranil; Gong, Amy S.; Cwiertny, David M.; Walker, Sharon L.

2014-01-01

Dissolved organic matter in combination with iron oxides has been shown to facilitate photochemical disinfection through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under UV and visible light. However, due to the extremely short lifetime of these radicals, the disinfection effciency is limited by the successful transport of ROS to bacterial surfaces. This study was designed to quantitatively investigate three collector surfaces with various potentials to produce ROS [bare quartz, hematite (α-Fe2O3) coated quartz, and Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA)] and the effects of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) (full or partial coating) and solution chemistry (ionic strength, IS) on the interactions between bacteria and the ROS-producing substrates. With few exceptions, bacterial deposition studies in a parallel plate (PP) flow chamber have revealed increasing cell adhesion with IS. Furthermore, interactions between collector surfaces and cells can be explained by electrostatic forces, with negatively charged SRHA reducing and positively charged α-Fe2O3 enhancing bacterial deposition significantly. Increased deposition was also observed with full EPS content, indicating the ability of EPS to facilitate interaction between cells and surfaces in the aquatic environment. In complementary disinfection studies conducted with simulated light, viability loss was observed for cells fully coated with EPS when attached to α-Fe2O3 under all IS conditions. Based upon our prior study in which EPS was found to not inhibit hydroxyl radical activity toward bacteria, we proposed that EPS might therefore promote disinfection by facilitating cell attachment to ROS-producing surfaces where higher concentrations of ROS are expected at closer proximities to reactive substrates (e.g., SRHA and α-Fe2O3). Our findings on the mechanism and controlling factors of cell interactions with photoactive substrates provide insight as to the role of ionic strength in photochemical disinfection

Multiple greenhouse-gas feedbacks from the land biosphere under future climate change scenarios

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stocker, Benjamin D.; Roth, Raphael; Joos, Fortunat; Spahni, Renato; Steinacher, Marco; Zaehle, Soenke; Bouwman, Lex; Xu-Ri; Prentice, Iain Colin

2013-07-01

Atmospheric concentrations of the three important greenhouse gases (GHGs) CO2, CH4 and N2O are mediated by processes in the terrestrial biosphere that are sensitive to climate and CO2. This leads to feedbacks between climate and land and has contributed to the sharp rise in atmospheric GHG concentrations since pre-industrial times. Here, we apply a process-based model to reproduce the historical atmospheric N2O and CH4 budgets within their uncertainties and apply future scenarios for climate, land-use change and reactive nitrogen (Nr) inputs to investigate future GHG emissions and their feedbacks with climate in a consistent and comprehensive framework. Results suggest that in a business-as-usual scenario, terrestrial N2O and CH4 emissions increase by 80 and 45%, respectively, and the land becomes a net source of C by AD 2100. N2O and CH4 feedbacks imply an additional warming of 0.4-0.5°C by AD 2300; on top of 0.8-1.0°C caused by terrestrial carbon cycle and Albedo feedbacks. The land biosphere represents an increasingly positive feedback to anthropogenic climate change and amplifies equilibrium climate sensitivity by 22-27%. Strong mitigation limits the increase of terrestrial GHG emissions and prevents the land biosphere from acting as an increasingly strong amplifier to anthropogenic climate change.

Towards monitoring land-cover and land-use changes at a global scale: the global land survey 2005

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gutman, G.; Byrnes, Raymond A.; Masek, J.; Covington, S.; Justice, C.; Franks, S.; Headley, Rachel

2008-01-01

Land cover is a critical component of the Earth system, infl uencing land-atmosphere interactions, greenhouse gas fl uxes, ecosystem health, and availability of food, fi ber, and energy for human populations. The recent Integrated Global Observations of Land (IGOL) report calls for the generation of maps documenting global land cover at resolutions between 10m and 30m at least every fi ve years (Townshend et al., in press). Moreover, despite 35 years of Landsat observations, there has not been a unifi ed global analysis of land-cover trends nor has there been a global assessment of land-cover change at Landsat-like resolution. Since the 1990s, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have supported development of data sets based on global Landsat observations (Tucker et al., 2004). These land survey data sets, usually referred to as GeoCover ™, provide global, orthorectifi ed, typically cloud-free Landsat imagery centered on the years 1975, 1990, and 2000, with a preference for leaf-on conditions. Collectively, these data sets provided a consistent set of observations to assess land-cover changes at a decadal scale. These data are freely available via the Internet from the USGS Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) (see http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov or http://glovis.usgs.gov). This has resulted in unprecedented downloads of data, which are widely used in scientifi c studies of land-cover change (e.g., Boone et al., 2007; Harris et al., 2005; Hilbert, 2006; Huang et al. 2007; Jantz et al., 2005, Kim et al., 2007; Leimgruber, 2005; Masek et al., 2006). NASA and USGS are continuing to support land-cover change research through the development of GLS2005 - an additional global Landsat assessment circa 20051 . Going beyond the earlier initiatives, this data set will establish a baseline for monitoring changes on a 5-year interval and will pave the way toward continuous global land

Geovisualization of land use and land cover using bivariate maps and Sankey flow diagrams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Strode, Georgianna; Mesev, Victor; Thornton, Benjamin; Jerez, Marjorie; Tricarico, Thomas; McAlear, Tyler

2018-05-01

The terms `land use' and `land cover' typically describe categories that convey information about the landscape. Despite the major difference of land use implying some degree of anthropogenic disturbance, the two terms are commonly used interchangeably, especially when anthropogenic disturbance is ambiguous, say managed forestland or abandoned agricultural fields. Cartographically, land use and land cover are also sometimes represented interchangeably within common legends, giving with the impression that the landscape is a seamless continuum of land use parcels spatially adjacent to land cover tracts. We believe this is misleading, and feel we need to reiterate the well-established symbiosis of land uses as amalgams of land covers; in other words land covers are subsets of land use. Our paper addresses this spatially complex, and frequently ambiguous relationship, and posits that bivariate cartographic techniques are an ideal vehicle for representing both land use and land cover simultaneously. In more specific terms, we explore the use of nested symbology as ways to represent graphically land use and land cover, where land cover are circles nested with land use squares. We also investigate bivariate legends for representing statistical covariance as a means for visualizing the combinations of land use and cover. Lastly, we apply Sankey flow diagrams to further illustrate the complex, multifaceted relationships between land use and land cover. Our work is demonstrated on data representing land use and cover data for the US state of Florida.

Legacy effects of land-use modulate tree growth responses to climate extremes.

PubMed

Mausolf, Katharina; Härdtle, Werner; Jansen, Kirstin; Delory, Benjamin M; Hertel, Dietrich; Leuschner, Christoph; Temperton, Vicky M; von Oheimb, Goddert; Fichtner, Andreas

2018-05-10

Climate change can impact forest ecosystem processes via individual tree and community responses. While the importance of land-use legacies in modulating these processes have been increasingly recognised, evidence of former land-use mediated climate-growth relationships remain rare. We analysed how differences in former land-use (i.e. forest continuity) affect the growth response of European beech to climate extremes. Here, using dendrochronological and fine root data, we show that ancient forests (forests with a long forest continuity) and recent forests (forests afforested on former farmland) clearly differ with regard to climate-growth relationships. We found that sensitivity to climatic extremes was lower for trees growing in ancient forests, as reflected by significantly lower growth reductions during adverse climatic conditions. Fine root morphology also differed significantly between the former land-use types: on average, trees with high specific root length (SRL) and specific root area (SRA) and low root tissue density (RTD) were associated with recent forests, whereas the opposite traits were characteristic of ancient forests. Moreover, we found that trees of ancient forests hold a larger fine root system than trees of recent forests. Our results demonstrate that land-use legacy-mediated modifications in the size and morphology of the fine root system act as a mechanism in regulating drought resistance of beech, emphasising the need to consider the 'ecological memory' of forests when assessing or predicting the sensitivity of forest ecosystems to global environmental change.

Competition for land

PubMed Central

Smith, Pete; Gregory, Peter J.; van Vuuren, Detlef; Obersteiner, Michael; Havlík, Petr; Rounsevell, Mark; Woods, Jeremy; Stehfest, Elke; Bellarby, Jessica

2010-01-01

A key challenge for humanity is how a future global population of 9 billion can all be fed healthily and sustainably. Here, we review how competition for land is influenced by other drivers and pressures, examine land-use change over the past 20 years and consider future changes over the next 40 years. Competition for land, in itself, is not a driver affecting food and farming in the future, but is an emergent property of other drivers and pressures. Modelling studies suggest that future policy decisions in the agriculture, forestry, energy and conservation sectors could have profound effects, with different demands for land to supply multiple ecosystem services usually intensifying competition for land in the future. In addition to policies addressing agriculture and food production, further policies addressing the primary drivers of competition for land (population growth, dietary preference, protected areas, forest policy) could have significant impacts in reducing competition for land. Technologies for increasing per-area productivity of agricultural land will also be necessary. Key uncertainties in our projections of competition for land in the future relate predominantly to uncertainties in the drivers and pressures within the scenarios, in the models and data used in the projections and in the policy interventions assumed to affect the drivers and pressures in the future. PMID:20713395

Does land use planning slow the conversion of forest and farm lands?

Treesearch

Jeffrey D. Kline; Ralph J. Alig

1999-01-01

Land use planning often is implemented to control development on forests and farmland, but its impact on land use remains untested. Previous studies evaluating such programs have relied on anecdotal evidence rather than on data describing actual land use change. A model of land use is specified as a function of socioeconomic factors, land rent, and landowners'...

Assessing land ownership as a driver of change in the distribution, structure, and composition of California's forests.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Easterday, K.; Kelly, M.; McIntyre, P. J.

2015-12-01

Climate change is forecasted to have considerable influence on the distribution, structure, and function of California's forests. However, human interactions with forested landscapes (e.g. fire suppression, resource extraction and etc.) have complicated scientific understanding of the relative contributions of climate change and anthropogenic land management practices as drivers of change. Observed changes in forest structure towards smaller, denser forests across California have been attributed to both climate change (e.g. increased temperatures and declining water availability) and management practices (e.g. fire suppression and logging). Disentangling how these drivers of change act both together and apart is important to developing sustainable policy and land management practices as well as enhancing knowledge of human and natural system interactions. To that end, a comprehensive historical dataset - the Vegetation Type Mapping project (VTM) - and a modern forest inventory dataset (FIA) are used to analyze how spatial variations in vegetation composition and structure over a ~100 year period can be explained by land ownership.Climate change is forecasted to have considerable influence on the distribution, structure, and function of California's forests. However, human interactions with forested landscapes (e.g. fire suppression, resource extraction and etc.) have complicated scientific understanding of the relative contributions of climate change and anthropogenic land management practices as drivers of change. Observed changes in forest structure towards smaller, denser forests across California have been attributed to both climate change (e.g. increased temperatures and declining water availability) and management practices (e.g. fire suppression and logging). Disentangling how these drivers of change act both together and apart is important to developing sustainable policy and land management practices as well as enhancing knowledge of human and natural

The application of natural science data to land management decision-making

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, D. L.; Sharpe, C. P.; Rowe, P. G.

1974-01-01

A natural environmental analysis process which allows the decision maker to know the probable consequences of a decision prior to the act is developed. Emphasis is placed on the fit between the natural environment and the social, economic, and functional attributes of man's communities and the transition from nature in its present state to various forms and intensities of development. Applications of the analysis are examined. It is concluded that the analysis is a workable system for land use management.

76 FR 33357 - Notice of Realty Action; Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification; and Notice of Intent...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-08

.... 1715 (c), and thus made subject to BLM classification and planning requirements. The BLM Kingman RMP...] Notice of Realty Action; Recreation and Public Purposes Act Classification; and Notice of Intent To... classification approximately 1.31 acres of public land located in Mohave County, Arizona, and has found the...

Australian net (1950s-1990) soil organic carbon erosion: implications for CO2 emission and land-atmosphere modelling

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The debate remains unresolved about soil erosion substantially offsetting fossil fuel emissions and acting as an important source or sink of CO2. There is little historical land use and management context to this debate, which is central to Australia's recent past of European settlement, agricultura...

Land Grabbing and the Commodification of Agricultural Land in Africa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

D'Odorico, P.; Rulli, M. C.

2014-12-01

The increasing global demand for farmland products is placing unprecedented pressure on the global agricultural system. The increasing demand can be met through either the intensification or the expansion of agricultural production at the expenses of other ecosystems. The ongoing escalation of large scale land acquisitions in the developing world may contribute to both of these two processes. Investments in agriculture have become a priority for a number of governments and corporations that are trying to expand their agricultural production while securing good profits. It is unclear however to what extent these investments are driving the intensification or the expansion of agriculture. In the last decade large scale land acquisitions by external investors have increased at unprecedented rates. This global land rush was likely enhanced by recent food crises, when prices skyrocketed in response to crop failure, new bioenergy policies, and the increasing demand for agricultural products by a growing and increasingly affluent human population. Corporations recognized the potential for high return investments in agricultural land, while governments started to enhance their food security by purchasing large tracts of land in foreign countries. It has been estimated that, to date, about 35.6 million ha of cropland - more than twice the agricultural land of Germany - have been acquired by foreign investors worldwide. As an effect of these land deals the local communities lose legal access to the land and its products. Here we investigate the effect of large scale land acquisition on agricultural intensification or expansion in African countries. We discuss the extent to which these investments in agriculture may increase crop production and stress how this phenomenon can greatly affect the local communities, their food security, economic stability and the long term resilience of their livelihoods, regardless of whether the transfer of property rights is the result of an

Towards a Remote Sensing Based Assessment of Land Susceptibility to Degradation: Examining Seasonal Variation in Land Use-Land Cover for Modelling Land Degradation in a Semi-Arid Context

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mashame, Gofamodimo; Akinyemi, Felicia

2016-06-01

Land degradation (LD) is among the major environmental and anthropogenic problems driven by land use-land cover (LULC) and climate change worldwide. For example, poor LULC practises such as deforestation, livestock overstocking, overgrazing and arable land use intensification on steep slopes disturbs the soil structure leaving the land susceptible to water erosion, a type of physical land degradation. Land degradation related problems exist in Sub-Saharan African countries such as Botswana which is semi-arid in nature. LULC and LD linkage information is still missing in many semi-arid regions worldwide.Mapping seasonal LULC is therefore very important in understanding LULC and LD linkages. This study assesses the impact of seasonal LULC variation on LD utilizing Remote Sensing (RS) techniques for Palapye region in Central District, Botswana. LULC classes for the dry and rainy seasons were classified using LANDSAT 8 images at Level I according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) International Organization of Standardization (ISO) code 19144. Level I consists of 10 LULC classes. The seasonal variations in LULC are further related to LD susceptibility in the semi-arid context. The results suggest that about 985 km² (22%) of the study area is susceptible to LD by water, major LULC types affected include: cropland, paved/rocky material, bare land, built-up area, mining area, and water body. Land degradation by water susceptibility due to seasonal land use-land cover variations is highest in the east of the study area where there is high cropland to bare land conversion.

75 FR 28057 - Notice of Public Meeting: Resource Advisory Council to the Boise District, Bureau of Land...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-19

... implementation of the Owyhee Public Lands Management Act (OMA) will be provided. Field Office managers will.... DATES: The meeting will be held June 9, 2010 at the Boise District Offices beginning at 9 a.m. and... the Field Office Updates. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: MJ Byrne, Public Affairs Officer and RAC...

Evaluation of historical land cover, land use, and land-use change emissions in the GCAM integrated assessment model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Calvin, K. V.; Wise, M.; Kyle, P.; Janetos, A. C.; Zhou, Y.

2012-12-01

Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) are often used as science-based decision-support tools for evaluating the consequences of climate and energy policies, and their use in this framework is likely to increase in the future. However, quantitative evaluation of these models has been somewhat limited for a variety of reasons, including data availability, data quality, and the inherent challenges in projections of societal values and decision-making. In this analysis, we identify and confront methodological challenges involved in evaluating the agriculture and land use component of the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM). GCAM is a global integrated assessment model, linking submodules of the regionally disaggregated global economy, energy system, agriculture and land-use, terrestrial carbon cycle, oceans and climate. GCAM simulates supply, demand, and prices for energy and agricultural goods from 2005 to 2100 in 5-year increments. In each time period, the model computes the allocation of land across a variety of land cover types in 151 different regions, assuming that farmers maximize profits and that food demand is relatively inelastic. GCAM then calculates both emissions from land-use practices, and long-term changes in carbon stocks in different land uses, thus providing simulation information that can be compared to observed historical data. In this work, we compare GCAM results, both in recent historic and future time periods, to historical data sets. We focus on land use, land cover, land-use change emissions, and albedo.

Final Environmental Assessment for Land Exchange at Dyess Air Force Base, Taylor County, Texas

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-10-01

of Rare Species Warnock’s coral-root Hexalectris warnockii in leaf litter and humus in oak-juniper woodlands on shaded slopes and intermittent, rocky...Floodplains; Land Use; Safety and Occupational Health; Socioeconomic and Environmental Justice; Soils; Threatened and Endangered Species ; Utilities...Finding of No Practicable Alternative (FONP A) is required. Special attention was given to resources that are regulated by the Endangered Species Act or

Application of the global Land-Potential Knowledge System (LandPKS) mobile apps to land degradation, restoration and climate change adaptation

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Combatting land degradation, promoting restoration and adapting to climate change all require an understanding of land potential. A global Land-Potential Knowledge System (LandPKS) is being developed that will address many of these limitations using an open source approach designed to allow anyone w...

Combining Sustainable Land Management Technologies to Combat Land Degradation and Improve Rural Livelihoods in Semi-arid Lands in Kenya

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mganga, K. Z.; Musimba, N. K. R.; Nyariki, D. M.

2015-12-01

Drylands occupy more than 80 % of Kenya's total land mass and contribute immensely to the national economy and society through agriculture, livestock production, tourism, and wild product harvesting. Dryland ecosystems are areas of high climate variability making them vulnerable to the threats of land degradation. Consequently, agropastoralists inhabiting these ecosystems develop mechanisms and technologies to cope with the impacts of climate variability. This study is aimed to; (1) determine what agropastoralists inhabiting a semi-arid ecosystem in Kenya attribute to be the causes and indicators of land degradation, (2) document sustainable land management (SLM) technologies being undertaken to combat land degradation, and (3) identify the factors that influence the choice of these SLM technologies. Vegetation change from preferred indigenous forage grass species to woody vegetation was cited as the main indicator of land degradation. Land degradation was attributed to recurrent droughts and low amounts of rainfall, overgrazing, and unsustainable harvesting of trees for fuelwood production. However, despite the challenges posed by climate variability and recurrent droughts, the local community is engaging in simple SLM technologies including grass reseeding, rainwater harvesting and soil conservation, and dryland agroforestry as a holistic approach combating land degradation and improving their rural livelihoods. The choice of these SLM technologies was mainly driven by their additional benefits to combating land degradation. In conclusion, promoting such simple SLM technologies can help reverse the land degradation trend, improve agricultural production, food security including access to food, and subsequently improve livelihoods of communities inhabiting dryland ecosystems.

Combining Sustainable Land Management Technologies to Combat Land Degradation and Improve Rural Livelihoods in Semi-arid Lands in Kenya.

PubMed

Mganga, K Z; Musimba, N K R; Nyariki, D M

2015-12-01

Drylands occupy more than 80% of Kenya's total land mass and contribute immensely to the national economy and society through agriculture, livestock production, tourism, and wild product harvesting. Dryland ecosystems are areas of high climate variability making them vulnerable to the threats of land degradation. Consequently, agropastoralists inhabiting these ecosystems develop mechanisms and technologies to cope with the impacts of climate variability. This study is aimed to; (1) determine what agropastoralists inhabiting a semi-arid ecosystem in Kenya attribute to be the causes and indicators of land degradation, (2) document sustainable land management (SLM) technologies being undertaken to combat land degradation, and (3) identify the factors that influence the choice of these SLM technologies. Vegetation change from preferred indigenous forage grass species to woody vegetation was cited as the main indicator of land degradation. Land degradation was attributed to recurrent droughts and low amounts of rainfall, overgrazing, and unsustainable harvesting of trees for fuelwood production. However, despite the challenges posed by climate variability and recurrent droughts, the local community is engaging in simple SLM technologies including grass reseeding, rainwater harvesting and soil conservation, and dryland agroforestry as a holistic approach combating land degradation and improving their rural livelihoods. The choice of these SLM technologies was mainly driven by their additional benefits to combating land degradation. In conclusion, promoting such simple SLM technologies can help reverse the land degradation trend, improve agricultural production, food security including access to food, and subsequently improve livelihoods of communities inhabiting dryland ecosystems.

Impacts of Biofuel-Induced Agricultural Land Use Changes on Watershed Hydrology and Water Quality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Z.; Zheng, H.

2015-12-01

The US Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 has contributed to widespread changes in agricultural land uses. The impact of these land use changes on regional water resources could also be significant. Agricultural land use changes were evaluated for the Red River of the North Basin (RRNB), an international river basin shared by the US and Canada. The influence of the land use changes on spring snowmelt flooding and downstream water quality was also assessed using watershed modeling. The planting areas for corn and soybean in the basin increased by 62% and 18%, while those for spring wheat, forest, and pasture decreased by 30%, 18%, and 50%, from 2006 to 2013. Although the magnitude of spring snowmelt peak flows in the Red River did not change from pre-EISA to post-EISA, our uncertainty analysis of the normalized hydrographs revealed that the downstream streamflows had a greater variability under the post-EISA land use scenario, which may lead to greater uncertainty in predicting spring snowmelt floods in the Red River. Hydrological simulation also showed that the sediment and nutrient loads at the basin's outlet in the US and Canada border increased under the post-EISA land use scenario, on average sediment increasing by 2.6%, TP by 14.1%, nitrate nitrogen by 5.9%, and TN by 9.1%. Potential impacts of the future biofuel crop scenarios on watershed hydrology and water quality in the RRNB were also simulated through integrated economic-hydrologic modeling.

Mekong Land Cover Dasboard: Regional Land Cover Mointoring Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saah, D. S.; Towashiraporn, P.; Aekakkararungroj, A.; Phongsapan, K.; Triepke, J.; Maus, P.; Tenneson, K.; Cutter, P. G.; Ganz, D.; Anderson, E.

2016-12-01

SERVIR-Mekong, a USAID-NASA partnership, helps decision makers in the Lower Mekong Region utilize GIS and Remote Sensing information to inform climate related activities. In 2015, SERVIR-Mekong conducted a geospatial needs assessment for the Lower Mekong countries which included individual country consultations. The team found that many countries were dependent on land cover and land use maps for land resource planning, quantifying ecosystem services, including resilience to climate change, biodiversity conservation, and other critical social issues. Many of the Lower Mekong countries have developed national scale land cover maps derived in part from remote sensing products and geospatial technologies. However, updates are infrequent and classification systems do not always meet the needs of key user groups. In addition, data products stop at political boundaries and are often not accessible making the data unusable across country boundaries and with resource management partners. Many of these countries rely on global land cover products to fill the gaps of their national efforts, compromising consistency between data and policies. These gaps in national efforts can be filled by a flexible regional land cover monitoring system that is co-developed by regional partners with the specific intention of meeting national transboundary needs, for example including consistent forest definitions in transboundary watersheds. Based on these facts, key regional stakeholders identified a need for a land cover monitoring system that will produce frequent, high quality land cover maps using a consistent regional classification scheme that is compatible with national country needs. SERVIR-Mekong is currently developing a solution that leverages recent developments in remote sensing science and technology, such as Google Earth Engine (GEE), and working together with production partners to develop a system that will use a common set of input data sources to generate high

VIS and NIR land surface albedo sensitivity of the Ent Terrestrial Biosphere Model to forcing leaf area index

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Montes, C.; Kiang, N. Y.; Ni-Meister, W.; Yang, W.; Schaaf, C.; Aleinov, I. D.; Jonas, J.; Zhao, F. A.; Yao, T.; Wang, Z.; Sun, Q.; Carrer, D.

2016-12-01

Land surface albedo is a major controlling factor in vegetation-atmosphere transfers, modifying the components of the energy budget, the ecosystem productivity and patterns of regional and global climate. General Circulation Models (GCMs) are coupled to Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) to solve vegetation albedo by using simple schemes prescribing albedo based on vegetation classification, and approximations of canopy radiation transport for multiple plant functional types (PFTs). In this work, we aim at evaluating the sensitivity of the NASA Ent Terrestrial Biosphere Model (TBM), a demographic DGVM coupled to the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) GCM, in estimating VIS and NIR surface albedo by using variable forcing leaf area index (LAI). The Ent TBM utilizes a new Global Vegetation Structure Dataset (GVSD) to account for geographically varying vegetation tree heights and densities, as boundary conditions to the gap-probability based Analytical Clumped Two-Stream (ACTS) canopy radiative transfer scheme (Ni-Meister et al., 2010). Land surface and vegetation characteristics for the Ent GVSD are obtained from a number of earth observation platforms and algorithms, including the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land cover and plant functional types (PFTs) (Friedl et al., 2010), soil albedo derived from MODIS (Carrer et al., 2014), and vegetation height from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on board ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite) (Simard et al., 2011; Tang et al., 2014). Three LAI products are used as input to ACTS/Ent TBM: MODIS MOD15A2H product (Yang et al., 2006), Beijing Normal University LAI (Yuan et al., 2011), and Global Data Sets of Vegetation (LAI3g) (Zhu et al. 2013). The sensitivity of the Ent TBM VIS and NIR albedo to the three LAI products is assessed, compared against the previous GISS GCM vegetation classification and prescribed Lambertian albedoes (Matthews, 1984), and against

Abandoned Mine Lands

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Abandoned Mine Lands are those lands, waters, and surrounding watersheds where extraction, beneficiation, or processing of ores and minerals (excluding coal) has occurred. These lands also include areas where mining or processing activity is inactive.

Future scenarios of land-use and land-cover change in the United States--the Marine West Coast Forests Ecoregion

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wilson, Tamara S.; Sleeter, Benjamin M.; Sohl, Terry L.; Griffith, Glenn; Acevedo, William; Bennett, Stacie; Bouchard, Michelle; Reker, Ryan R.; Ryan, Christy; Sayler, Kristi L.; Sleeter, Rachel; Soulard, Christopher E.

2012-01-01

Detecting, quantifying, and projecting historical and future changes in land use and land cover (LULC) has emerged as a core research area for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Changes in LULC are important drivers of changes to biogeochemical cycles, the exchange of energy between the Earth’s surface and atmosphere, biodiversity, water quality, and climate change. To quantify the rates of recent historical LULC change, the USGS Land Cover Trends project recently completed a unique ecoregion-based assessment of late 20th century LULC change for the western United States. To characterize present LULC, the USGS and partners have created the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) for the years 1992, 2001, and 2006. Both Land Cover Trends and NLCD projects continue to evolve in an effort to better characterize historical and present LULC conditions and are the foundation of the data presented in this report. Projecting future changes in LULC requires an understanding of the rates and patterns of change, the major driving forces, and the socioeconomic and biophysical determinants and capacities of regions. The data presented in this report is the result of an effort by USGS scientists to downscale the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) to ecoregions of the conterminous United States as part of the USGS Biological Carbon Sequestration Assessment. The USGS biological carbon assessment was mandated by Section 712 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. As part of the legislative mandate, the USGS is required to publish a methodology describing, in detail, the approach to be used for the assessment. The development of future LULC scenarios is described in chapter 3.2 and appendix A. Spatial modeling is described in chapter 3.3.2 and appendix B and in Sohl and others (2011). In this report, we briefly summarize the major components and methods used to downscale IPCC-SRES scenarios to ecoregions of the

Uncertainties in the land-use flux resulting from land-use change reconstructions and gross land transitions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bayer, Anita D.; Lindeskog, Mats; Pugh, Thomas A. M.; Anthoni, Peter M.; Fuchs, Richard; Arneth, Almut

2017-02-01

Land-use and land-cover (LUC) changes are a key uncertainty when attributing changes in measured atmospheric CO2 concentration to its sinks and sources and must also be much better understood to determine the possibilities for land-based climate change mitigation, especially in the light of human demand on other land-based resources. On the spatial scale typically used in terrestrial ecosystem models (0.5 or 1°) changes in LUC over time periods of a few years or more can include bidirectional changes on the sub-grid level, such as the parallel expansion and abandonment of agricultural land (e.g. in shifting cultivation) or cropland-grassland conversion (and vice versa). These complex changes between classes within a grid cell have often been neglected in previous studies, and only net changes of land between natural vegetation cover, cropland and pastures accounted for, mainly because of a lack of reliable high-resolution historical information on gross land transitions, in combination with technical limitations within the models themselves. In the present study we applied a state-of-the-art dynamic global vegetation model with a detailed representation of croplands and carbon-nitrogen dynamics to quantify the uncertainty in terrestrial ecosystem carbon stocks and fluxes arising from the choice between net and gross representations of LUC. We used three frequently applied global, one recent global and one recent European LUC datasets, two of which resolve gross land transitions, either in Europe or in certain tropical regions. When considering only net changes, land-use-transition uncertainties (expressed as 1 standard deviation around decadal means of four models) in global carbon emissions from LUC (ELUC) are ±0.19, ±0.66 and ±0.47 Pg C a-1 in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, respectively, or between 14 and 39 % of mean ELUC. Carbon stocks at the end of the 20th century vary by ±11 Pg C for vegetation and ±37 Pg C for soil C due to the choice of LUC

Conversion of prime agricultural land to urban land uses in Kansas City

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shaklee, R. V.

1976-01-01

In an expanding urban environment, agriculture and urban land uses are the two primary competitors for regional land resources. As a result of an increasing awareness of the effects which urban expansion has upon the regional environment, the conversion of prime agricultural land to urban land uses has become a point of concern to urban planners. A study was undertaken for the Kansas City Metropolitan Region, to determine the rate at which prime agricultural land has been converted to urban land uses over a five year period from 1969 to 1974. Using NASA high altitude color infrared imagery acquired over the city in October, 1969 and in May, 1974 to monitor the extent and location of urban expansion in the interim period, it was revealed that 42% of that expansion had occurred upon land classified as having prime agricultural potential. This involved a total of 10,727 acres of prime agricultural land and indicated a 7% increase over the 1969 which showed that 35% of the urban area had been developed on prime agricultural land.

Influence of land development on stormwater runoff from a mixed land use and land cover catchment.

PubMed

Paule-Mercado, M A; Lee, B Y; Memon, S A; Umer, S R; Salim, I; Lee, C-H

2017-12-01

Mitigating for the negative impacts of stormwater runoff is becoming a concern due to increased land development. Understanding how land development influences stormwater runoff is essential for sustainably managing water resources. In recent years, aggregate low impact development-best management practices (LID-BMPs) have been implemented to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff on receiving water bodies. This study used an integrated approach to determine the influence of land development and assess the ecological benefits of four aggregate LID-BMPs in stormwater runoff from a mixed land use and land cover (LULC) catchment with ongoing land development. It used data from 2011 to 2015 that monitored 41 storm events and monthly LULC, and a Personalized Computer Storm Water Management Model (PCSWMM). The four aggregate LID-BMPs are: ecological (S1), utilizing pervious covers (S2), and multi-control (S3) and (S4). These LID-BMPs were designed and distributed in the study area based on catchment characteristics, cost, and effectiveness. PCSWMM was used to simulate the monitored storm events from 2014 (calibration: R 2 and NSE>0.5; RMSE <11) and 2015 (validation: R 2 and NSE>0.5; RMSE <12). For continuous simulation and analyzing LID-BMPs scenarios, the five-year (2011 to 2015) stormwater runoff data and LULC change patterns (only 2015 for LID-BMPs) were used. Results show that the expansion of bare land and impervious cover, soil alteration, and high amount of precipitation influenced the stormwater runoff variability during different phases of land development. The four aggregate LID-BMPs reduced runoff volume (34%-61%), peak flow (6%-19%), and pollutant concentrations (53%-83%). The results of this study, in addition to supporting local LULC planning and land development activities, also could be applied to input data for empirical modeling, and designing sustainable stormwater management guidelines and monitoring strategies. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B

Public land grazing for private land conservation?

Treesearch

Adriana Sulak; Lynn Huntsinger; Sheila Barry; Larry Forero

2008-01-01

California ranchers with substantial private oak woodlands sometimes use public lands as an important component of their production cycle. Yet allowed public grazing has declined and is likely to continue to decline. This, combined with intensifying development pressure and land use change, dramatically affects the resource base for ranch operations, which in turn...

Land-Breeze Forecasting

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Case, Jonathan L.; Wheeler, Mark M.; Merceret, Francis J. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

The nocturnal land breeze at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) is both operationally significant and challenging to forecast. The occurrence and timing of land breezes impact low-level winds, atmospheric stability, low temperatures, and fog development. Accurate predictions of the land breeze are critical for toxic material dispersion forecasts associated with space launch missions, since wind direction and low-level stability can change noticeably with the onset of a land breeze. This report presents a seven-year observational study of land breezes over east-central Florida from 1995 to 2001. This comprehensive analysis was enabled by the high-resolution tower observations over KSC/CCAFS. Five-minute observations of winds, temperature, and moisture along with 9 15-MHz Doppler Radar Wind Profiler data were used to analyze specific land-breeze cases, while the tower data were used to construct a composite climatology. Utilities derived from this climatology were developed to assist forecasters in determining the land-breeze occurrence, timing, and movement based on predicted meteorological conditions.

STS-79 NASA administrator Goldin greets crew after landing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

NASA Administrator Daniel Goldin (center, with box) greets STS-79 Commander William F. Readdy following the successful conclusion of Mission STS-79 with an end of mission landing at KSC's Shuttle Landing Facility. Also climbing down from the Crew Transport Vehicle (CTV) are (from left) STS-79 Mission Specialists Carl E. Walz and Jay Apt, and Pilot Terrence W. Wilcutt. To the right of Goldin are KSC Director Jay Honeycutt and Acting Associate Administrator for the Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences and Applications Dr. Arnauld Nicogossian. Goldin is holding a box of m&m candy to give to U.S. astronaut Shannon W. Lucid, who returns to Earth after a record setting six month stay aboard the Russian Space Station Mir. The candy is a gift from President Bill Clinton for Lucid. M&M Mars has been supplying m&m candy to the U.S. space program for more than a decade; the gift candies for Lucid are red, white and blue to commemorate her historic flight.

43 CFR 3101.4 - Lands covered by application to close lands to mineral leasing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... lands to mineral leasing. 3101.4 Section 3101.4 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) OIL AND GAS LEASING Issuance of Leases § 3101.4 Lands covered by application to close lands to mineral...

43 CFR 3101.4 - Lands covered by application to close lands to mineral leasing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... lands to mineral leasing. 3101.4 Section 3101.4 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) OIL AND GAS LEASING Issuance of Leases § 3101.4 Lands covered by application to close lands to mineral...

43 CFR 3101.4 - Lands covered by application to close lands to mineral leasing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... lands to mineral leasing. 3101.4 Section 3101.4 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) OIL AND GAS LEASING Issuance of Leases § 3101.4 Lands covered by application to close lands to mineral...

The Land Use and Land Cover Dichotomy: A Comparison of Two Land Classification Systems in Support of Urban Earth Science Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McAllister, William K.

2003-01-01

One is likely to read the terms 'land use' and 'land cover' in the same sentence, yet these concepts have different origins and different applications. Land cover is typically analyzed by earth scientists working with remotely sensed images. Land use is typically studied by urban planners who must prescribe solutions that could prevent future problems. This apparent dichotomy has led to different classification systems for land-based data. The works of earth scientists and urban planning practitioners are beginning to come together in the field of spatial analysis and in their common use of new spatial analysis technology. In this context, the technology can stimulate a common 'language' that allows a broader sharing of ideas. The increasing amount of land use and land cover change challenges the various efforts to classify in ways that are efficient, effective, and agreeable to all groups of users. If land cover and land uses can be identified by remote methods using aerial photography and satellites, then these ways are more efficient than field surveys of the same area. New technology, such as high-resolution satellite sensors, and new methods, such as more refined algorithms for image interpretation, are providing refined data to better identify the actual cover and apparent use of land, thus effectiveness is improved. However, the closer together and the more vertical the land uses are, the more difficult the task of identification is, and the greater is the need to supplement remotely sensed data with field study (in situ). Thus, a number of land classification methods were developed in order to organize the greatly expanding volume of data on land characteristics in ways useful to different groups. This paper distinguishes two land based classification systems, one developed primarily for remotely sensed data, and the other, a more comprehensive system requiring in situ collection methods. The intent is to look at how the two systems developed and how they

Land use maps of the Tanana and Purcell Mountain areas, Alaska, based on Earth Resources Technology Satellite imagery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anderson, J. H. (Principal Investigator)

1974-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. ERTS imagery in photographic format was used to make land use maps of two areas of special interest to native corporations under terms of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. Land selections are to be made in these areas, and the maps should facilitate decisions because of their comprehensive presentation of resource distribution information. The ERTS images enabled mapping broadly-defined land use classes in large areas in a comparatively short time. Some aerial photography was used to identify colors and shades of gray on the various images. The 14 mapped land use categories are identified according to the classification system under development by the U.S. Geological Survey. These maps exemplify a series of about a dozen diverse Alaskan areas. The principal resource depicted is vegetation, and clearly shown are vegetation units of special importance, including stands possibly containing trees of commercial grade and stands constituting wildlife habitat.

Land-use and land-cover change in montane mainland southeast Asia.

PubMed

Fox, Jefferson; Vogler, John B

2005-09-01

This paper summarizes land-cover and land-use change at eight sites in Thailand, Yunnan (China), Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos over the last 50 years. Project methodology included incorporating information collected from a combination of semiformal, key informant, and formal household interviews with the development of spatial databases based on aerial photographs, satellite images, topographic maps, and GPS data. Results suggest that land use (e.g. swidden cultivation) and land cover (e.g. secondary vegetation) have remained stable and the minor amount of land-use change that has occurred has been a change from swidden to monocultural cash crops. Results suggest that two forces will increasingly determine land-use systems in this region. First, national land tenure policies-the nationalization of forest lands and efforts to increase control over upland resources by central governments-will provide a push factor making it increasingly difficult for farmers to maintain their traditional swidden land-use practices. Second, market pressures-the commercialization of subsistence resources and the substitution of commercial crops for subsistence crops-will provide a pull factor encouraging farmers to engage in new and different forms of commercial agriculture. These results appear to be robust as they come from eight studies conducted over the last decade. But important questions remain in terms of what research protocols are needed, if any, when linking social science data with remotely sensed data for understanding human-environment interactions.

Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity.

PubMed

Lambin, Eric F; Meyfroidt, Patrick

2011-03-01

A central challenge for sustainability is how to preserve forest ecosystems and the services that they provide us while enhancing food production. This challenge for developing countries confronts the force of economic globalization, which seeks cropland that is shrinking in availability and triggers deforestation. Four mechanisms-the displacement, rebound, cascade, and remittance effects-that are amplified by economic globalization accelerate land conversion. A few developing countries have managed a land use transition over the recent decades that simultaneously increased their forest cover and agricultural production. These countries have relied on various mixes of agricultural intensification, land use zoning, forest protection, increased reliance on imported food and wood products, the creation of off-farm jobs, foreign capital investments, and remittances. Sound policies and innovations can therefore reconcile forest preservation with food production. Globalization can be harnessed to increase land use efficiency rather than leading to uncontrolled land use expansion. To do so, land systems should be understood and modeled as open systems with large flows of goods, people, and capital that connect local land use with global-scale factors.

Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity

PubMed Central

Lambin, Eric F.; Meyfroidt, Patrick

2011-01-01

A central challenge for sustainability is how to preserve forest ecosystems and the services that they provide us while enhancing food production. This challenge for developing countries confronts the force of economic globalization, which seeks cropland that is shrinking in availability and triggers deforestation. Four mechanisms—the displacement, rebound, cascade, and remittance effects—that are amplified by economic globalization accelerate land conversion. A few developing countries have managed a land use transition over the recent decades that simultaneously increased their forest cover and agricultural production. These countries have relied on various mixes of agricultural intensification, land use zoning, forest protection, increased reliance on imported food and wood products, the creation of off-farm jobs, foreign capital investments, and remittances. Sound policies and innovations can therefore reconcile forest preservation with food production. Globalization can be harnessed to increase land use efficiency rather than leading to uncontrolled land use expansion. To do so, land systems should be understood and modeled as open systems with large flows of goods, people, and capital that connect local land use with global-scale factors. PMID:21321211

Land crabs as key drivers in tropical coastal forest recruitment

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lindquist, E.S.; Krauss, K.W.; Green, P.T.; O'Dowd, D. J.; Sherman, P.M.; Smith, T. J.

2009-01-01

Plant populations are regulated by a diverse assortment of abiotic and biotic factors that influence seed dispersal and viability, and seedling establishment and growth at the microsite. Rarely does one animal guild exert as significant an influence on different plant assemblages as land crabs. We review three tropical coastal ecosystems-mangroves, island maritime forests, and mainland coastal terrestrial forests-where land crabs directly influence forest composition by limiting tree establishment and recruitment. Land crabs differentially prey on seeds, propagules and seedlings along nutrient, chemical and physical environmental gradients. In all of these ecosystems, but especially mangroves, abiotic gradients are well studied, strong and influence plant species distributions. However, we suggest that crab predation has primacy over many of these environmental factors by acting as the first limiting factor of tropical tree recruitment to drive the potential structural and compositional organisation of coastal forests. We show that the influence of crabs varies relative to tidal gradient, shoreline distance, canopy position, time, season, tree species and fruiting periodicity. Crabs also facilitate forest growth and development through such activities as excavation of burrows, creation of soil mounds, aeration of soils, removal of leaf litter into burrows and creation of carbon-rich soil microhabitats. For all three systems, land crabs influence the distribution, density and size-class structure of tree populations. Indeed, crabs are among the major drivers of tree recruitment in tropical coastal forest ecosystems, and their conservation should be included in management plans of these forests. ?? 2009 Cambridge Philosophical Society.

Relationships between aerodynamic roughness and land use and land cover in Baltimore, Maryland

USGS Publications Warehouse

Nicholas, F.W.; Lewis, J.E.

1980-01-01

Urbanization changes the radiative, thermal, hydrologic, and aerodynamic properties of the Earth's surface. Knowledge of these surface characteristics, therefore, is essential to urban climate analysis. Aerodynamic or surface roughness of urban areas is not well documented, however, because of practical constraints in measuring the wind profile in the presence of large buildings. Using an empirical method designed by Lettau, and an analysis of variance of surface roughness values calculated for 324 samples averaging 0.8 hectare (ha) of land use and land cover sample in Baltimore, Md., a strong statistical relation was found between aerodynamic roughness and urban land use and land cover types. Assessment of three land use and land cover systems indicates that some of these types have significantly different surface roughness characteristics. The tests further indicate that statistically significant differences exist in estimated surface roughness values when categories (classes) from different land use and land cover classification systems are used as surrogates. A Level III extension of the U.S. Geological Survey Level II land use and land cover classification system provided the most reliable results. An evaluation of the physical association between the aerodynamic properties of land use and land cover and the surface climate by numerical simulation of the surface energy balance indicates that changes in surface roughness within the range of values typical of the Level III categories induce important changes in the surface climate.

The Influence of Soil Moisture, Coastline Curvature, and Land-Breeze Circulations on Sea-Breeze Initiated Precipitation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baker, David R.; Lynn, Barry H.; Boone, Aaron; Tao, Wei-Kuo; Simpson, Joanne

2000-01-01

Idealized numerical simulations are performed with a coupled atmosphere/land-surface model to identify the roles of initial soil moisture, coastline curvature, and land breeze circulations on sea breeze initiated precipitation. Data collected on 27 July 1991 during the Convection and Precipitation Electrification Experiment (CAPE) in central Florida are used. The 3D Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) cloud resolving model is coupled with the Goddard Parameterization for Land-Atmosphere-Cloud Exchange (PLACE) land surface model, thus providing a tool to simulate more realistically land-surface/atmosphere interaction and convective initiation. Eight simulations are conducted with either straight or curved coast-lines, initially homogeneous soil moisture or initially variable soil moisture, and initially homogeneous horizontal winds or initially variable horizontal winds (land breezes). All model simulations capture the diurnal evolution and general distribution of sea-breeze initiated precipitation over central Florida. The distribution of initial soil moisture influences the timing, intensity and location of subsequent precipitation. Soil moisture acts as a moisture source for the atmosphere, increases the connectively available potential energy, and thus preferentially focuses heavy precipitation over existing wet soil. Strong soil moisture-induced mesoscale circulations are not evident in these simulations. Coastline curvature has a major impact on the timing and location of precipitation. Earlier low-level convergence occurs inland of convex coastlines, and subsequent precipitation occurs earlier in simulations with curved coastlines. The presence of initial land breezes alone has little impact on subsequent precipitation. however, simulations with both coastline curvature and initial land breezes produce significantly larger peak rain rates due to nonlinear interactions.

Land-Price Dynamics Surrounding Large-Scale Land Development of Technopolis Gedebage, Bandung, Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasanawi, A.; Winarso, H.

2018-05-01

In spite of its potential value to governments, detailed information on how land prices vary spatially in a city is very lacking. Land price in the city, especially around the development activity, is not known. There are some considerable studies showing that investment in land development increases the land market price; however, only a few are found. One of them is about the impact of large-scale investment by Sumarecon in Gedebage Bandung, which is planning to develop “Technopolis”, as the second center of Bandung Municipality.This paper discusses the land-price dynamics around the Technopolis Gedebage Bandung, using information obtained from many sources including an interview with experienced brokers. Appraised prices were given for different types of residential plot distinguished by tenure, distance from the main road, and infrastructural provision. This research aims to explain the dynamics of the land price surrounding the large-scale land development. The dynamics of the land price are described by the median land price market growth using the Surfer DEM software. The data analysis in Technopolis Gedebage Bandung shows the relative importance of land location, infrastructural provision and tenure (land title) for dynamics of the land price. The examination of data makes it possible to test whether and where there has been a spiraling of land prices. This paper argues that the increasing recent price has been consistently greater in suburban plots than that in the inner city as a result of the massive demand of the large-scale land development project. The increasing price of land cannot be controlled; the market price is rising very quickly among other things due to the fact that Gedebage will become the technopolis area. This, however, can indirectly burden the lower-middle-class groups, such as they are displaced from their previous owned-land, and implicate on ever-decreasing income as the livelihood resources (such as farming and agriculture) are